<SEC-DOCUMENT>0001213900-25-047480.txt : 20250527
<SEC-HEADER>0001213900-25-047480.hdr.sgml : 20250527
<ACCEPTANCE-DATETIME>20250523184849
ACCESSION NUMBER:		0001213900-25-047480
CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE:	POS AM
PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT:		119
FILED AS OF DATE:		20250527
DATE AS OF CHANGE:		20250523

FILER:

	COMPANY DATA:	
		COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:			ABVC BIOPHARMA, INC.
		CENTRAL INDEX KEY:			0001173313
		STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:	PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS [2834]
		ORGANIZATION NAME:           	03 Life Sciences
		EIN:				260014658
		STATE OF INCORPORATION:			NV
		FISCAL YEAR END:			1231

	FILING VALUES:
		FORM TYPE:		POS AM
		SEC ACT:		1933 Act
		SEC FILE NUMBER:	333-280411
		FILM NUMBER:		25983800

	BUSINESS ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		44370 OLD WARM SPRINGS BLVD.
		CITY:			FREMONT
		STATE:			CA
		ZIP:			94538
		BUSINESS PHONE:		510-668-0881

	MAIL ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		44370 OLD WARM SPRINGS BLVD.
		CITY:			FREMONT
		STATE:			CA
		ZIP:			94538

	FORMER COMPANY:	
		FORMER CONFORMED NAME:	American BriVision (Holding) Corp
		DATE OF NAME CHANGE:	20160111

	FORMER COMPANY:	
		FORMER CONFORMED NAME:	METU BRANDS, INC.
		DATE OF NAME CHANGE:	20150908

	FORMER COMPANY:	
		FORMER CONFORMED NAME:	ECOLOGY COATINGS, INC.
		DATE OF NAME CHANGE:	20080821
</SEC-HEADER>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>POS AM
<SEQUENCE>1
<FILENAME>ea0243379-posam1_abvcbio.htm
<DESCRIPTION>POST-EFFECTIVE AMENDMENT NO. 1 TO FORM S-1
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</div><p style="text-align: center; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><b style="-keep: true">As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 23,
2025</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right"><b style="-keep: true">Registration No. 333-280411</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>Washington, D.C. 20549</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b style="-keep: true"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-0">POST-EFFECTIVE AMENDMENT</span> NO. 1 TO</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>FORM S-1</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>REGISTRATION STATEMENT</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b><i>UNDER</i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b><i>THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933</i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c0" name="dei:EntityRegistrantName" id="ixv-54"><b>ABVC BIOPHARMA, INC.</b></ix:nonNumeric></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>(Exact name of registrant as specified in its
charter)</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 32%; border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c0" format="ixt-sec:stateprovnameen" name="dei:EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" id="ixv-65"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><b>Nevada</b></span></ix:nonNumeric></td> <td style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 2%; text-align: center">&#160;</td> <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 32%; border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><b>5084</b></span></td> <td style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 2%; text-align: center">&#160;</td> <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 32%; border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><b>26-0014658</b></span></td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><b>(State or other jurisdiction of<br/> incorporation or organization)</b></span></td> <td style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center">&#160;</td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><b>(Primary Standard Industrial<br/> Classification Code Number)</b></span></td> <td style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center">&#160;</td> <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><b>(I.R.S. Employer<br/> Identification Number)</b></td></tr> </table><div>

</div><p style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>44370 Old Warm Springs Blvd.,</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>Fremont, CA 94538</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>(510) 668-0881</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>(Address, including zip code, and telephone
number, including area code, of registrant&#8217;s principal executive offices)</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>Dr. Uttam Patil</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>Chief Executive Officer</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>44370 Old Warm Springs Blvd.,</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>Fremont, CA 94538</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>(510) 668-0881- telephone</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>(Name, address, including zip code, and telephone
number, including area code, of agent for service)</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b><i>With copies to:</i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

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    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>Louis Taubman, Esq.</b></p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>Joan Wu, Esq.</b></p></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><b>Hunter Taubman Fischer &amp; Li LLC</b></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><b>950 Third Avenue, 19th Floor</b></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><b>New York, New York 10022</b></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><b>(917) 512-0827- telephone</b></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><b>Louis Taubman, Esq.</b></span></td></tr>
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</div><p style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Approximate date of commencement of proposed
sale of the securities to the public: </b>As soon as practicable after this registration statement is declared effective.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">If any of the securities being registered on this
Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, check the following box.
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#9746;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">If this Form is filed to register additional securities
for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, please check the following box and list the Securities Act registration
statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#9744;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed
pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of
the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#9744;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed
pursuant to Rule 462(d) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of
the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#9744;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Indicate by check mark whether the registrant
is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company.
See the definitions of &#8220;large accelerated filer,&#8221; &#8220;accelerated filer,&#8221; &#8220;smaller reporting company&#8221;
and &#8220;emerging growth company&#8221; in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 22%"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Large accelerated filer </span></td> <td style="width: 3%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9744;</span></td> <td style="width: 22%">&#160;</td> <td style="width: 25%"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Accelerated filer </span></td> <td style="width: 3%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9744;</span></td> <td style="width: 25%">&#160;</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td><span style="font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c0" format="ixt-sec:entityfilercategoryen" name="dei:EntityFilerCategory" id="ixv-45333">Non-accelerated filer</ix:nonNumeric> </span></td> <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9746;</span></td> <td>&#160;</td> <td><span style="font-size: 10pt">Smaller reporting company </span></td> <td><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c0" format="ixt-sec:boolballotbox" name="dei:EntitySmallBusiness" id="ixv-213"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9746;</span></ix:nonNumeric></td> <td>&#160;</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td>&#160;</td> <td>&#160;</td> <td>&#160;</td> <td><span style="font-size: 10pt">Emerging growth company </span></td> <td><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c0" format="ixt-sec:boolballotbox" name="dei:EntityEmergingGrowthCompany" id="ixv-223"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9744;</span></ix:nonNumeric></td> <td>&#160;</td></tr> </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">If an emerging growth company, indicate by check
mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting
standards provided pursuant to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act. <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#9744;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>The Registrant hereby amends this registration
statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the Registrant shall file a further amendment that
specifically states that this registration statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities
Act of 1933, as amended, or until the registration statement shall become effective on such date as the Securities and Exchange Commission,
acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><!-- Field: Rule-Page --><div style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><div style="font-size: 1pt; border-top: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 2pt solid">&#160;</div></div><!-- Field: /Rule-Page --><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p><div>

</div><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 1 --><div>
    </div><div style="margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div><div>
    </div><div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div><div>
    </div><!-- Field: /Page --><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="color: Red"><b>The information in
this prospectus is not complete and may be changed. Neither we nor the Selling Stockholders may sell these securities until the registration
statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This prospectus is not an offer to sell and is not soliciting
an offer to buy these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted.</b></span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="color: Red"><b>SUBJECT TO COMPLETION,
DATED MAY 23, 2025</b></span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>PRELIMINARY PROSPECTUS</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>1,000,000 shares of Common Stock Underlying
Common Stock Purchase Warrant</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">This prospectus relates to the resale, from time
to time, by the selling stockholders identified in this prospectus under the caption &#8220;Selling Stockholders,&#8221; of up to 1,000,000
shares of Common Stock of ABVC BioPharma, Inc., a Nevada corporation (the &#8220;Company&#8221;), $0.001 par value (the &#8220;Common
Stock&#8221;). These shares include1,000,000 shares of Common Stock underlying a common stock purchase warrant (the &#8220;New Lind Warrant&#8221;)
pursuant to a letter agreement entered into on May 22, 2024 with Lind Global Fund II, LP.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">For the details about the selling stockholder,
please see &#8220;Selling Stockholders.&#8221; The selling stockholder may sell these shares from time to time in the principal market
on which our Common Stock is traded at the prevailing market price, in negotiated transactions, or through any other means described in
the section titled &#8220;Plan of Distribution.&#8221; The selling stockholder may be deemed an underwriter within the meaning of the
Securities Act of 1933, as amended, of the shares of Common Stock that they are offering. We will pay the expenses of registering these
shares. We will not receive proceeds from the sale of our shares by the selling stockholder that are covered by this prospectus.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The shares are being registered to permit the
selling stockholder, or its respective pledgees, donees, transferees or other successors-in-interest, to sell the shares from time to
time in the public market. We do not know when or in what amount the selling stockholder may offer the securities for sale. The selling
stockholder may sell some, all or none of the securities offered by this prospectus.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">Our common stock is quoted on the Nasdaq Capital
Markets under the symbol ABVC. On May 22, 2025, &#160;the closing price of our common stock was $1.21 per share.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Selling Stockholders may sell their shares
of Common Stock described in this prospectus in a number of different ways, at prevailing market prices or privately negotiated prices
and there is no termination date of the Selling Stockholders&#8217; offering.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">You should read this prospectus, together with
additional information described under the headings &#8220;Incorporation of Certain Information by Reference&#8221; and &#8220;Where You
Can Find More Information&#8221;, carefully before you invest in any of our securities.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Investing in our securities involves a high
degree of risk. See &#8220;Risk Factors&#8221; starting on page 10 of this prospectus.</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission
nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this prospectus is truthful or complete.
Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">The date of this prospectus is May 23,
2025</span></p><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p><div>

</div><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 2 --><div>
    </div><div style="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div><div>
    </div><div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div><div>
    </div><!-- Field: /Page --><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b style="-keep: true">EXPLANATORY NOTE</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c0" continuedAt="_AmendmentDescription-c0_cont_1" name="dei:AmendmentDescription" id="ixv-335"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">This Post-Effective Amendment No. 1 (this
&#8220;Amendment&#8221;) to the Registration Statement on Form S-1, as amended (SEC File No. 333-280411) (the &#8220;Original Registration
Statement&#8221;), of ABVC BioPharma, Inc. (the &#8220;Company&#8221;) is being filed pursuant to the undertakings in the Original Registration
Statement to update and supplement the information contained in the Original Registration Statement, which was originally declared effective
by the Securities and Exchange Commission on July 1, 2024.</span></p></ix:nonNumeric><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><ix:continuation continuedAt="_AmendmentDescription-c0_cont_2" id="_AmendmentDescription-c0_cont_1"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">For the convenience of the reader, this Amendment
sets forth the Original Registration Statement in its entirety, as amended by this Amendment. This Amendment is being filed to incorporate
certain information from the Company&#8217;s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended March 31, 2025 and Annual Report
on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024 filed with the SEC on April 30, 2025 and April 15, 2025, and to update certain other
information in the Registration Statement.</span></p></ix:continuation><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><ix:continuation continuedAt="_AmendmentDescription-c0_cont_3" id="_AmendmentDescription-c0_cont_2"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">No additional securities are being registered
under this Post-Effective Amendment No. 1. All applicable registration fees were previously paid.</span></p></ix:continuation><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><ix:continuation id="_AmendmentDescription-c0_cont_3"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">Pursuant to Section 84001 of the FAST Act,
all documents subsequently filed by us pursuant to Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14, or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended,
after the date of this Post-Effective Amendment and prior to the termination of the offering covered hereby shall also be deemed to be
incorporated by reference into this Post-Effective Amendment and to be a part hereof from the date of filing of such documents.</span></p></ix:continuation><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p><div>

</div><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 3 --><div>
    </div><div style="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><p style="text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">&#160;</p></div><div>
    </div><div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div><div>
    </div><!-- Field: /Page --><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>TABLE OF CONTENTS</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <td style="width: 90%; padding-left: 9pt; text-indent: -9pt"><a href="#s_001"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><b>PROSPECTUS CONVENTIONS</b></span></a></td>
    <td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 9%; text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 10pt">ii</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="padding-left: 9pt; text-indent: -9pt"><a href="#s_002"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><b>INDUSTRY AND MARKET DATA</b></span></a></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 10pt">iii</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <td style="padding-left: 9pt; text-indent: -9pt"><a href="#s_003"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><b>PROSPECTUS SUMMARY</b></span></a></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 10pt">1</span></td></tr>
  <tr>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-left: 9pt; text-indent: -9pt"><a href="#s_004"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><b>THE OFFERING</b></span></a></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 10pt">9</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-left: 9pt; text-indent: -9pt"><a href="#s_005"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><b>RISK FACTORS</b></span></a></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 10pt">10</span></td></tr>
  <tr>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-left: 9pt; text-indent: -9pt"><a href="#s_006"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><b>SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS</b></span></a></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center">30</td></tr>
  <tr style="background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-left: 9pt; text-indent: -9pt"><a href="#s_007"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><b>USE OF PROCEEDS</b></span></a></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center">31</td></tr>
  <tr>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-left: 9pt; text-indent: -9pt"><a href="#s_009"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><b>MANAGEMENT&#8217;S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS</b></span></a></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center">32</td></tr>
  <tr style="background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-left: 9pt; text-indent: -9pt"><a href="#s_010"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><b>BUSINESS</b></span></a></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 10pt">65</span></td></tr>
  <tr>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-left: 9pt; text-indent: -9pt"><a href="#s_011"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><b>MANAGEMENT</b></span></a></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center">81</td></tr>
  <tr style="background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-left: 9pt; text-indent: -9pt"><a href="#s_012"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><b>EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION</b></span></a></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 10pt">86</span></td></tr>
  <tr>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-left: 9pt; text-indent: -9pt"><a href="#s_014"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><b>SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT</b></span></a></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 10pt">90</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-left: 9pt; text-indent: -9pt"><a href="#s_015"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><b>RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS OF DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE COMBINED COMPANY</b></span></a></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center">91</td></tr>
  <tr>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-left: 9pt; text-indent: -9pt"><a href="#s_016"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><b>DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES</b></span></a></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center">96</td></tr>
  <tr style="background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-left: 9pt; text-indent: -9pt"><a href="#s_017"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><b>SELLING STOCKHOLDERS</b></span></a></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 10pt">98</span></td></tr>
  <tr>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-left: 9pt; text-indent: -9pt"><a href="#s_018"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><b>PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION</b></span></a></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center">99</td></tr>
  <tr style="background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-left: 9pt; text-indent: -9pt"><a href="#s_020"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><b>LEGAL MATTERS</b></span></a></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center">101</td></tr>
  <tr>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-left: 9pt; text-indent: -9pt"><a href="#s_021"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><b>EXPERTS</b></span></a></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center">101</td></tr>
  <tr style="background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-left: 9pt; text-indent: -9pt"><a href="#s_022"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><b>WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION</b></span></a></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center">101</td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">You should rely only on the information contained
in this prospectus or in any free writing prospectus that we may specifically authorize to be delivered or made available to you. We and
our Underwriter have not authorized anyone to provide you with any information other than that contained in this prospectus or in any
free writing prospectus we may authorize to be delivered or made available to you. We take no responsibility for, and can provide no assurance
as to the reliability of, any other information that others may give you. This prospectus may only be used where it is legal to offer
and sell our securities. The information in this prospectus is accurate only as of the date of this prospectus, regardless of the time
of delivery of this prospectus or any sale of our securities. Our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may
have changed since that date. We are not making an offer of these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer is not permitted.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Unless the context otherwise requires, the terms
&#8220;ABVC,&#8221; &#8220;we,&#8221; &#8220;us&#8221; and &#8220;our&#8221; in this prospectus refer to ABVC BIOPHARMA, INC., and &#8220;this
offering&#8221; refers to the offering contemplated in this prospectus.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p><div>

</div><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 4; Options: NewSection; Value: 1 --><div>
    </div><div style="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><p style="text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: LowerRoman; Name: PageNo -->i<!-- Field: /Sequence --></p></div><div>
    </div><div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div><div>
    </div><!-- Field: /Page --><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><div><a id="s_001"></a></div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>PROSPECTUS CONVENTIONS</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Except where the context otherwise requires and
for purposes of this prospectus only:</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#8220;AiBtl&#8221; means AiBtl BioPharma,
Inc. refers to a Delaware corporation and controlling subsidiary of ABVC;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#8220;American BriVision Corporation&#8221; refers
to a Delaware corporation and wholly-owned subsidiary of ABVC;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#8220;APR&#8221; or &#8220;annual percentage
rate&#8221; refers to the annual rate that is charged to borrowers, including a fixed interest rate and a transaction fee rate, expressed
as a single percentage number that represents the actual yearly cost of borrowing over the life of a loan;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#8220;BioKey&#8221; means BioKey, Inc. refers
to a California corporation and wholly-owned subsidiary of ABVC;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#8220;BioKey Cayman&#8221; means BioKey (Cayman),
Inc. refers to a Cayman corporation and wholly-owned subsidiary of ABVC;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#8220;BioLite&#8221; means BioLite Holding, Inc.
refers to a Nevada corporation and a wholly-owned subsidiary of ABVC;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The &#8220;Board&#8221; or &#8220;Board of Directors&#8221;
refers to the board of directors of the Company;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#8220;CDMO&#8221; refers to the Contract
Development &amp; Manufacturing Organization services&#160;BioKey provides, such as an API characterization, pre-formulation studies,
formulation development, analytical method development, stability studies, IND/NDA/ANDA/510K submissions, and manufacturing clinical
trial materials (phase I through phase III) and commercial manufacturing.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#8220;China&#8221; and &#8220;P.R.C.&#8221; refer
to the People&#8217;s Republic of China, including Hong Kong Special Administrative Region or Macau Special Administrative Region, unless
referencing specific laws and regulations adopted by the PRC and other legal or tax matters only applicable to mainland China, excluding
Taiwan for purposes of this prospectus;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#8220;Common Stock&#8221; is the Common Stock
of ABVC Biopharma, Inc., par value US$0.001 per share;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#8220;Lind&#8221; refers to Lind Global Fund
II, LP;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#8220;Series A Convertible Preferred Stock&#8221;
is the Series A convertible preferred stock of ABVC Biopharma, Inc., par value US$0.001 per share;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The terms &#8220;we,&#8221; &#8220;us,&#8221;
&#8220;our,&#8221; &#8220;the Company,&#8221; &#8220;our Company&#8221; or &#8220;ABVC&#8221; refers to ABVC Biopharma, Inc., a Nevada
corporation, and all of the Subsidiaries as defined herein unless the context specifies;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#8220;R.O.C.&#8221; or &#8220;Taiwan&#8221; refers
to Taiwan, the Republic of China;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#8220;Subsidiary&#8221; or &#8220;Subsidiaries,&#8221;
refer to American BriVision Corporation, sometimes referred to as &#8220;BriVision&#8221;, AiBtl, BioLite, BioKey, BioKey Cayman, and
Yunzhiyi Co., Ltd (&#8220;Yunzhiyi&#8221;), a Taiwan corporation;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">All references to &#8220;NTD&#8221; and &#8220;New
Taiwan Dollars&#8221; are to the legal currency of R.O.C.; and</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">All references to &#8220;U.S. dollars&#8221;,
&#8220;dollars&#8221;, and &#8220;$&#8221; are to the legal currency of the U.S.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">This prospectus specifies certain NTD amounts
and in parenthesis the approximate U.S. dollar amounts at the exchange rate on the date of this prospectus. The conversion rates regarding
NTD and U.S. dollars are subject to change and, therefore, we can provide no assurance that U.S. dollar amounts specified in this prospectus
will not change.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">For clarification, this prospectus follows English
naming convention of first name followed by last name, regardless of whether an individual&#8217;s name is Chinese or English.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p><div>

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    </div><div style="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><p style="text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: LowerRoman; Name: PageNo -->ii<!-- Field: /Sequence --></p></div><div>
    </div><div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div><div>
    </div><!-- Field: /Page --><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><div><a id="s_002"></a></div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>INDUSTRY AND MARKET DATA</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">This prospectus includes information with respect
to market and industry conditions and market share from third-party sources or based upon estimates using such sources when available.
We have not, directly or indirectly, sponsored or participated in the publication of any of such materials. We believe that such information
and estimates are reasonable and reliable. We also assume the information extracted from publications of third-party sources has been
accurately reproduced. We understand that the Company would be liable for the information included in this prospectus if any part of the
information was incorrect, misleading or imprecise to a material extent.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p><div>

</div><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 6; Value: 1 --><div>
    </div><div style="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><p style="text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: LowerRoman; Name: PageNo -->iii<!-- Field: /Sequence --></p></div><div>
    </div><div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div><div>
    </div><!-- Field: /Page --><div>
</div><div style="padding: 5; border: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 98%">
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<a id="s_003"></a><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>PROSPECTUS SUMMARY</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><i>This summary highlights information contained
elsewhere in this prospectus and does not contain all of the information that you should consider in making your investment decision.
Before investing in our securities, you should carefully read this entire prospectus, including our financial statements and the related
notes and the information set forth under the headings &#8220;Risk Factors&#8221; and &#8220;Management&#8217;s Discussion and Analysis
of Financial Condition and Results of Operations&#8221; in each case included elsewhere in this prospectus.</i></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b>Company Overview</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b>Our Mission</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We devote our resources to building a sophisticated
biotech company and becoming a pioneer in the biopharmaceutical industry. Dr. Uttam Patil, our Chief Executive Officer, and Dr. Tsung-Shann
Jiang, the founder and majority shareholder of the Company, understand the challenges and opportunities of the biotech industry and intend
to provide therapeutic solutions to significant unmet medical needs and to improve health and quality of human life by developing innovative
botanical drugs to treat central nervous system (&#8220;CNS&#8221;) and oncology/ hematology diseases.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b>Business Overview</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">As of the date of this Report, the Company&#8217;s
revenue has come from outlicensing our intellectual properties and providing CDMO services. The Company&#8217;s focus is on developing
a pipeline of products by carefully tracking new medical discoveries or medical device technologies in research institutions in the Asia-Pacific
region. Pre-clinical, disease animal model and Phase I safety studies are examined closely by the Company&#8217;s scientists and other
specialists known to the Company to identify drugs or medical devices that it believes demonstrate efficacy and safety based on the Company&#8217;s
internal qualifications. Once a drug or medical device is shown to be a good candidate for further development and ultimately commercialization,
ABVC licenses the drug or medical device from the original researchers and introduces the drug or medical device clinical trial plan
to highly respected principal investigators in the United States, Australia and Taiwan. In almost all cases, ABVC has found that research
institutions in each of those countries are eager to work with the Company to move forward with Phase II clinical trials.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Institutions that have or are now conducting phase
II clinical trials in partnership with ABVC include:</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Drug: ABV-1504, Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), Phase II completed. NCE drug Principal Investigators: Charles DeBattista M.D. and Alan F. Schatzberg, MD, Stanford University Medical Center, Cheng-Ta Li, MD, Ph.D &#8211; Taipei Veterans General Hospital</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
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    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Drug: ABV-1505, Adult Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD),
    Phase II Part 1 completed. Principal Investigators: Keith McBurnett, Ph.D. and Linda Pfiffner, Ph.D., University of California San
    Francisco (UCSF), School of Medicine. Phase II, Part 2 clinical study sites include UCSF and 5 locations in Taiwan. The Principal
    Investigators are Keith McBurnett, Ph.D. and Linda Pfiffner, Ph.D., University of California San Francisco (UCSF), School of Medicine;
    Susan Shur-Fen Gau, M.D., National Taiwan University Hospital; Xinzhang Ni, M.D. Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital; Wenjun Xhou,
    M.D.; Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital; Ton-Ping Su, M.D., Cheng Hsin General Hospital; Cheng-Ta Li, M.D., Taipei Veterans
    General Hospital. Phase II, Part 2 began in the 1st quarter of 2022 at the 5 Taiwan sites. The UCSF site joined the study in the
    2nd quarter of 2023. The subjects enrolled in the study has reached the number for interim analysis in December 2023, and the interim
    analysis of the study is in progress.</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="text-align: justify"><p style="margin: 0pt 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="-keep: true">Drug: ABV-1601, Major Depression
                                    in Cancer Patients, Phase I/II, NCE drug Principal Investigator: Scott Irwin, MD, Ph.D. &#8211; Cedars
                                    Sinai Medical Center (CSMC). The Phase I clinical study will be initiated around the end of 2025.</span></p></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 24px">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 24px"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Medical Device: ABV-1701, Vitargus&#174; in vitrectomy surgery, Phase II Study has been initiated in Australia and Thailand, Principal Investigator: Duangnate Rojanaporn, M.D., Ramathibodi Hospital; Thuss Sanguansak, M.D., Srinagarind Hospital of the two Thailand Sites and Professor/Dr. Matthew Simunovic, Sydney Eye Hospital; Dr. Elvis Ojaimi, East Melbourne Eye Group &amp; East Melbourne Retina. The Phase II study started in the 2nd quarter of 2023, and the company is working on improvements to the Vitargus Product through the new batch of investigational product.</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">The following trials are expected to begin
in the third quarter of 2025:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Drug: ABV-1519, Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer treatment, Phase I/II Study in Taiwan, Principal Investigator: Dr. Yung-Hung Luo, M.D., Taipei Veterans General Hospital (TVGH)</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Drug: ABV-1703, Advanced Inoperable or Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer, Phase II, Principal Investigator: Andrew E. Hendifar, MD &#8211; Cedars Sinai Medical Center (CSMC)</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Upon successful completion of a Phase II trial,
ABVC will seek a partner, typically a large pharmaceutical company, to complete a Phase III study and commercialize the drug or medical
device upon approval by the US FDA, Taiwan TFDA and other country regulatory authorities.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Corporate Structure</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">ABVC was incorporated under the laws of the
State of Nevada on February 6, 2002 and has four wholly-owned Subsidiaries: BriVision, BioLite Holding, Inc., BioKey Cayman, and BioKey,
Inc. BriVision was incorporated in July 2015 in the State of Delaware and is in the business of developing pharmaceutical products in
North America.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">BioLite Holding was incorporated under the laws
of the State of Nevada on July 27, 2016, with 500,000,000 shares authorized, par value $0.0001. Its key Subsidiaries include BioLite BVI,
Inc. (&#8220;BioLite BVI&#8221;) that was incorporated in the British Virgin Islands on September 13, 2016 and BioLite Inc. (&#8220;BioLite
Taiwan&#8221;), a Taiwanese corporation that was founded in February 2006. BioLite Taiwan has been in the business of developing new drugs
for over twelve years. Certain shareholders of BioLite Taiwan exchanged approximately 73% of equity securities in BioLite Taiwan for the
Common Stock in BioLite Holding in accordance with a share purchase/ exchange agreement (the &#8220;Share Purchase/ Exchange Agreement&#8221;).
As a result, BioLite Holding owns via BioLite BVI approximately 73% of BioLite Taiwan. The other shareholders who did not enter this Share
Purchase/ Exchange Agreement retain their equity ownership in BioLite Taiwan.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">Yunzhiyi, a Taiwan corporation, was incorporated
in August 2024, with 90% owned by BioLite Taiwan and 10% owned by Shuling Jiang, one of the Company&#8217;s director. This entity is
set up for holding the land in Taiwan that AiBtl is in the process of acquiring, which land will be used for developing health related
business. As of the date hereof, the transfer of the land&#8217;s title is currently under government review, pending completion of the
title transfer registration. Due to Taiwan&#8217;s legal restrictions prohibiting foreign entities from directly owning farmland, the
parties agreed to structure the arrangement through nominee holdings.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Incorporated in California on November 20, 2000,
BioKey has chosen to initially focus on developing generic drugs to ride the opportunity of the booming industry.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Upon closing of the Mergers on February 8, 2019,
BioLite and BioKey became two wholly-owned subsidiaries of ABVC.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">BioKey Cayman was incorporated in Cayman Islands
in July 2023, which is 100% owned by ABVC. This subsidiary has no activities since inception.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In November 2023, the Company and one of its subsidiaries,
BioLite, Inc. (&#8220;BioLite&#8221;) each entered into a multi-year, global licensing agreement with AiBtl BioPharma Inc. (&#8220;AIBL&#8221;)
for the Company and BioLite&#8217;s CNS drugs with the indications of MDD (Major Depressive Disorder) and ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity
Disorder) (the &#8220;Licensed Products&#8221;). The license covers the Licensed Products&#8217; clinical trial, registration, manufacturing,
supply, and distribution rights. The parties are determined to collaborate on the global development of the Licensed Products. The parties
are also working to strengthen new drug development and business collaboration, including technology, interoperability, and standards
development. As per each of the respective agreements, each of ABVC and BioLite received 23 million shares of AIBL stock at $10 per share,
and if certain milestones are met, each may receive $3,500,000 and royalties equaling 5% of net sales, up to $100 million. Upon the issuance
of the shares, AIBL became a subsidiary of ABVC.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">The following chart illustrates the corporate structure of ABVC:</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><img alt="" src="image_001.jpg"/></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Effective March 5, 2022, the Company&#8217;s Board
for Directors approved amending the Company&#8217;s Bylaws to remove Section 2.8, which permitted cumulative voting for directors since
cumulative voting is specifically prohibited by our Articles of Incorporation. Since it is not otherwise stated in our Articles of Incorporation
or Bylaws, directors shall be elected by a plurality of the votes cast at the election, as provided in the Nevada Revised Statutes.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p>
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</div><div style="padding: 5; border: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 98%">
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Effective March 14, 2024, the Company&#8217;s
Board for Directors approved amending Section 2.8 of the Company&#8217;s Bylaws to revise the number of shares needed to establish a
quorum at shareholder meetings. The amendment changes the quorum requirement from a majority to 33-1/3% of the votes entitled to be cast
on a matter. The full text of our current Bylaws, as amended is attached hereto as Exhibit 3.2.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b>&#160;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b>Recent Developments</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On May 23, 2024, the Company entered into a definitive
agreement with OncoX BioPharma, Inc., a private company registered in the British Virgin Islands (&#8220;Oncox&#8221;), pursuant to which
the Company will grant Oncox an exclusive right to develop and commercialize ABVC&#8217;s BLEX 404 single-herb botanical drug extract
from the dry fruit body of Maitake Mushroom (Grifola Frondosa) for treatment of Myelodysplastic Syndrome (the &#8220;Licensed Products&#8221;),
within a certain territory, specified as 50% of the Worldwide Markets for 20 years (the &#8220;Oncox Agreement&#8221;). In consideration
thereof, Oncox shall pay ABVC a total of $6,250,000 (or 1,250,000 Oncox shares valued at $5 per share1) 30 days after entering the Oncox
Agreement, with an additional milestone payment of $625,000 in cash after OncoX&#8217;s next round of fundraising, of which there can
be no guarantee. Oncox may remit cash payments of at least $100,000 towards the licensing fees and deductible from the second milestone
payment; ABVC is also entitled to royalties of 5% of Net Sales, as defined in the Oncox Agreement, from the first commercial sale of the
Licensed Product in the noted territory, which remains uncertain. Oncox may use its revenue to fund the licensing fees. Oncox entered
into the same agreement with ABVC&#8217;s affiliate, Biolite, Inc.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On May 14, 2024, the Company entered into a definitive
agreement with OncoX, pursuant to which the Company will grant Oncox an exclusive right to develop and commercialize ABVC&#8217;s BLEX
404 single-herb botanical drug extract from the dry fruit body of Maitake Mushroom (Grifola Frondosa) for treatment of Tripple Negative
Breast Cancer (the &#8220;Licensed Products&#8221;), within a certain territory, specified as 50% of the Worldwide Markets for 20 years
(the &#8220;Oncox Agreement&#8221;). In consideration thereof, Oncox shall pay ABVC a total of $6,250,000 (or 1,250,000 Oncox shares valued
at $5 per share1) 30 days after entering into the Oncox Agreement, with an additional milestone payment of $625,000 in cash after OncoX&#8217;s
next round of fundraising, of which there can be no guarantee. Oncox may remit cash payments of at least $100,000 towards the licensing
fees and deductible from the second milestone payment; ABVC is also entitled to royalties of 5% of Net Sales, as defined in the Oncox
Agreement, from the first commercial sale of the Licensed Product in the noted territory, which remains uncertain. The Company will permit
Oncox to pay the license fee in installments or in a lump sum and will allow Oncox to use its revenue to fund such payments. Oncox entered
into the same agreement with ABVC&#8217;s affiliate, Biolite, Inc.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On May 8, 2024, the Company entered into a definitive
agreement with OncoX, pursuant to which the Company will grant Oncox an exclusive right to develop and commercialize ABVC&#8217;s BLEX
404 single-herb botanical drug extract from the dry fruit body of Maitake Mushroom (Grifola Frondosa) for treatment of Pancreatic Cancer
(the &#8220;May 8 Licensed Products&#8221;), within a certain territory, specified as 50% of the Worldwide Marketsfor 20 years (the &#8220;Oncox
Agreement&#8221;). In consideration thereof, Oncox shall pay ABVC a total of $6,250,000 (or 1,250,000 Oncox shares valued at $5 per share1)
within 30 days of entering into the Oncox Agreement, with an additional milestone payment of $625,000 in cash after OncoX&#8217;s next
round of fundraising, of which there can be no guarantee. Oncox may remit cash payments of at least $100,000 towards the licensing fees
and deductible from the second milestone payment; ABVC is also entitled to royalties of 5% of Net Sales, as defined in the Oncox Agreement,
from the first commercial sale of the May 8 Licensed Product in the noted territory, which remains uncertain. The Company will permit
Oncox to pay the license fee in installments or in a lump sum and will allow Oncox to use its revenue to fund such payments. Oncox entered
into the same agreement with ABVC&#8217;s affiliate, Rgene Corporation.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On April 16, 2024, the Company entered into a
definitive agreement with OncoX BioPharma, Inc., a private company registered in the British Virgin Islands (&#8220;Oncox&#8221;), pursuant
to which the Company will grant Oncox an exclusive right to develop and commercialize ABVC&#8217;s single-herb botanical drug extract from the
dry fruit body of Maitake Mushroom (Grifola Frondosa) for treatment of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (the &#8220;April Licensed Products&#8221;),
within North America for 20 years (the &#8220;Oncox Agreement&#8221;). In consideration thereof, Oncox shall pay ABVC $6,250,000 (or 1,250,000
Oncox shares valued at $5 per share1) 30 days after entering into the Oncox Agreement and $625,000 30 days following the completion of
Oncox&#8217;s next round of fundraising, of which there is no guarantee; ABC is also entitled to 5% royalties based on the Net Sales,
as defined in the Oncox Agreement, from the first commercial sale of the April Licensed Product in North America. Oncox entered into the
same agreement with ABVC&#8217;s affiliate, Rgene Corporation.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On March 25, 2024, we, and one of our co-development
partners, BIOFIRST CORPORATION, a company registered in Taiwan (&#8220;BIOFIRST&#8221;), each entered into a twenty-year, global definitive
licensing agreement (the &#8220;Licensing Agreement&#8221;) with ForSeeCon Eye Corporation, a company registered in the British Virgin
Islands (&#8220;FEYE&#8221;) for the products in the Company and BIOFIRST&#8217;s Ophthalmology pipeline, including Vitargus (the &#8220;Licensed
Products&#8221;). The license covers the Licensed Products&#8217; clinical trial, registration, manufacturing, supply, and distribution
rights; FEYE also has the rights to sublicense or partner with a third party to develop the Licensed Products.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">As per each of the respective Agreements, each
of the Company and BIOFIRST shall receive a total licensing fee of $33,500,000, composed of an upfront payment of $30,000,000, which can
instead be paid with 5 million shares of FEYE stock at $6/share within 30 days after the execution of the Agreement, and a $3,500,000
cash milestone payment, due 30 days upon completion of next round fundraising, of which there can be no guarantee. Additionally, each
of the Company and BIOFIRST are eligible to receive royalties of 5% of net sales.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b><i>NASDAQ Listing</i></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On August 19, 2022, we received a deficiency letter
from the Nasdaq Listing Qualifications Department (the &#8220;Staff&#8221;) of the Nasdaq Stock Market LLC (&#8220;Nasdaq&#8221;) notifying
us that, for the last 30 consecutive business days, the closing bid price for our common stock was below the minimum $1.00 per share required
for continued listing on The Nasdaq Capital Market pursuant to Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(a)(2) (&#8220;Rule 5550(a)(2)&#8221;). In accordance
with Nasdaq Listing Rule 5810(c)(3)(A), we were initially given until February 14, 2023 to regain compliance with Rule 5550(a)(2). Since
we did not regain compliance by such date, we requested and received an additional 180 days, until August 14, 2023, to comply with Rule
5550(a)(2).</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On May 24, 2023, the Company received a deficiency
letter from the Nasdaq Listing Qualifications Department (the &#8220;Staff&#8221;) of the Nasdaq Stock Market LLC (&#8220;Nasdaq&#8221;)
notifying the Company that it was not in compliance with the minimum stockholders&#8217; equity requirement, or the alternatives of market value
of listed securities or net income from continuing operations, for continued listing on the Nasdaq Capital Market. Nasdaq Listing Rule
5550(b)(1) requires listed companies to maintain stockholders&#8217; equity of at least $2,500,000, and the Company&#8217;s stockholders&#8217;
equity was $1,734,507 as of March 31, 2023. In accordance with Nasdaq rules, the Company had 45 calendar days, or until July 10, 2023,
to submit a plan to regain compliance. In response to the submitted plan, Nasdaq granted us an extension until August 31, 2023 to evidence
compliance. Following several transactions we then completed, on September 6, 2023, Nasdaq informed us that they determined that we are
in compliance with Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(b)(1).</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">On July 10, 2024, we received a notification
letter from the Nasdaq notifying the Company that the minimum bid price per share for its common shares has been below $1.00 for a period
of 30 consecutive business days and the Company therefore no longer meets the minimum bid price requirements set forth in Nasdaq Listing
Rule 5550(a)(2). The notification received has no immediate effect on the listing of the Company&#8217;s common stock on Nasdaq. Under
the Nasdaq Listing Rules, the Company has until January 6, 2025, to regain compliance. On January 9, 2025, the Company received a notification
from Nasdaq granting the Company an additional 180 days, until July 7, 2025, to meet the minimum bid price requirement of $1.00 per share,
as outlined in Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(a)(2) (the &#8220;Rule&#8221;). To satisfy the Rule, the Company&#8217;s common stock must achieve
a closing bid price of at least $1.00 for a minimum of ten consecutive trading days within this extension period; if successful, Nasdaq
will confirm compliance with the Rule and close this matter. If compliance is not achieved by the new deadline, Nasdaq may initiate delisting
procedures, which the Company would have the right to appeal.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">On April 24, 2025, we received a letter from
the listing qualifications staff (the &#8220;Staff&#8221;) of Nasdaq informing us that, as reported in our Annual Report on Form 10-K
for the year ended December 31, 2024, because our <i>stockholders&#8217; equity</i> was $723,959, as of April 23, 2025, we did not meet
the alternatives of market value of listed securities or net income from continuing operations, and we no longer comply with Listing
Rule 5550(b)(1) (the &#8220;Rule 5550&#8221;).</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">We have 45 calendar days to submit a plan
to the Staff to regain compliance. If our plan is accepted, we may be granted an extension of up to 180 calendar days from the date of
the letter, or until October 21, 2025, to evidence compliance.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">In determining whether to accept our plan,
the Staff will consider such things as the likelihood that the plan will result in compliance with Nasdaq&#8217;s continued listing criteria,
our past compliance history, the reasons for our current non-compliance, other corporate events that may occur within our review period,
our overall financial condition, and our public disclosures. If the Staff does not accept our plan, we will have the opportunity to appeal
that decision to a Hearings Panel.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">The Nasdaq notification has no immediate effect
on the listing of our Common Stock on the Nasdaq Capital Market. We intend to actively monitor our <i>stockholders&#8217; equity</i>
and will consider options available to us to achieve compliance with Rule 5550. There can be no assurance that we will be able to regain
compliance with the Listing Rule or will otherwise be in compliance with the other listing standards for the Nasdaq Capital Market.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">If our Common Stock ultimately were to be
delisted for any reason, it could negatively impact us by (i) reducing the liquidity and market price of our Common Stock; (ii) reducing
the number of investors willing to hold or acquire our Common Stock; (ii) limiting our ability to use a registration statement to offer
and sell freely tradable securities, thereby preventing us from accessing the public capital markets; and (iv) impairing our ability
to provide equity incentives to our employees.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p></div><div>

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    </div><div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div><div>
    </div><!-- Field: /Page --><div>

</div><div style="border: Black 1.5pt solid; padding: 5; width: 98%"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">On April 30, 2025, the Company reported that
it received a letter from the listing qualifications staff (the &#8220;Staff&#8221;) of Nasdaq informing it that, as reported in its
Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, because its stockholders&#8217; equity was $723,959, as of April 23,
2025, the Company did not meet the alternatives of market value of listed securities or net income from continuing operations, and it
no longer comply with Listing Rule 5550(b)(1) (the &#8220;Listing Rule&#8221;).</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">On May 5, 2025, the Company received a notification
letter (the &#8220;Notification Letter&#8221;) from Nasdaq notifying the Company that the Staff has determined that based on the Company&#8217;s
Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2025, which evidenced stockholders&#8217; equity of $7,956,295, the Company
complies with the Listing Rule and the matter is closed.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 24px"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><sup>1</sup></span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><b><i>J Cancer Res Clin Oncol (2009) 135:1215-1221</i></b></span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On May 24, 2023, the Company received a deficiency
letter from the Nasdaq Listing Qualifications Department (the &#8220;Staff&#8221;) of the Nasdaq Stock Market LLC (&#8220;Nasdaq&#8221;)
notifying the Company that it was not in compliance with the minimum stockholders&#8217; equity requirement, or the alternatives of market value
of listed securities or net income from continuing operations, for continued listing on the Nasdaq Capital Market. Nasdaq Listing Rule
5550(b)(1) requires listed companies to maintain stockholders&#8217; equity of at least $2,500,000, and the Company&#8217;s stockholders&#8217;
equity was $1,734,507 as of March 31, 2023. In accordance with Nasdaq rules, the Company had 45 calendar days, or until July 10, 2023,
to submit a plan to regain compliance. In response to the submitted plan, Nasdaq granted us an extension until August 31, 2023 to evidence
compliance. Following several transactions we then completed, on September 6, 2023, Nasdaq informed us that they determined that we are
in compliance with Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(b)(1).</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b>Strategy</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Key elements of our business strategy include:</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 0.25in"/><td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Advancing to the pivotal trial
phase of ABV-1701 Vitargus&#174; for the treatments of Retinal Detachment or Vitreous Hemorrhage, which we expect to generate revenues
in the future.</span></td>
</tr></table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 0.25in"/><td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Focusing on licensing ABV-1504
for the treatment of major depressive disorder, MDD, after the successful completion of its Phase II clinical trials.</span></td>
</tr></table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 0.25in"/><td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Completing Phase II, Part 2
clinical trial for ABV-1505 for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, ADHD.</span></td>
</tr></table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 0.25in"/><td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Out licensing drug candidates
and medical device candidates to major pharmaceutical companies for phase III and pivotal clinical trials, as applicable, and further
marketing if approved by the FDA.</span></td>
</tr></table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We plan to augment our core research and development
capability and assets by conducting Phase I and II clinical trials for investigational new drugs and medical devices in the fields of
CNS, Hematology/Oncology and Ophthalmology.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Our management team has extensive experiences
across a wide range of new drug and medical device development and we have in-licensed new drug and medical device candidates from large
research institutes and universities in both the U.S. and Taiwan. Through an assertive product development approach, we expect that we
will build a substantial portfolio of Oncology/ Hematology, CNS and Ophthalmology products. We primarily focus on Phase I and II research
of new drug candidates and out license the post-Phase-II products to pharmaceutical companies; we do not expect to devote substantial
efforts and resources to building the disease-specific distribution channels.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p>
</div><div>
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    </div><div style="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->5<!-- Field: /Sequence --></p></div><div>
    </div><div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div><div>
    </div><!-- Field: /Page --><div>
</div><div style="padding: 5; border: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 98%">
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Material Risks and Challenges</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We face substantial competition from a great many
established and emerging pharmaceutical and biotech companies that develop, distribute or sell therapeutics to treat the same indications
that our drug candidates are designed to treat. Our current and potential competitors include large pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies,
and specialty pharmaceutical and generic drug companies. Many of our current and potential competitors have substantially greater financial,
technical and human resources than we do and significantly more experience in the marketing, commercialization, discovery, development
and regulatory approvals of products, which could place us at a significant competitive disadvantage or deny our marketing exclusivity
rights. Typically, our competitors will most likely have more capital resources to support their products than we do. In addition, you
should carefully consider the risks described under the &#8220;Risk Factors&#8221; section beginning on page 10 before investing in us.
Some of these risks are:</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 0.25in"/><td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Risk associated with our profitability
including, but not limited to:</span></td>
</tr></table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 0.5in"/><td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#9675;</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">We have never generated revenue
and will continue to be unprofitable in the foreseeable future.</span></td>
</tr></table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 0.5in"/><td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#9675;</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Our business, operations and
plans and timelines could be adversely affected by the effects of health epidemics, including the recent COVID-19 pandemic.</span></td>
</tr></table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 0.25in"/><td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Risk associated with clinical
trials and the development of our products, including but not limited to:</span></td>
</tr></table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 0.5in"/><td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#9675;</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Clinical trials are expensive
and time consuming, and their outcome is uncertain.</span></td>
</tr></table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 0.5in"/><td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#9675;</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Our clinical trials could be
delayed or unsuccessful, and we may not be able to obtain regulatory approval for any of our drug candidates when expected, or at all.</span></td>
</tr></table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 0.5in"/><td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#9675;</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">We may experience delays in
our clinical trials that could adversely affect our business and operations.</span></td>
</tr></table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 0.5in"/><td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#9675;</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">We rely on third parties to
conduct our preclinical studies and clinical trials and if such third parties do not meet our deadlines or otherwise conduct the studies
as required, we may be delayed in progressing, or ultimately may not be able to progress, our drug candidates to clinical trials.</span></td>
</tr></table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 0.5in"/><td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#9675;</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">We may not be able to secure
and maintain research institutions to conduct our future trials.</span></td>
</tr></table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 0.5in"/><td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#9675;</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">We may not be able to secure
co-developers or partners to further post-Phase II clinical trials and eventually commercialize our drug candidates.</span></td>
</tr></table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 0.5in"/><td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#9675;</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">We may need to prioritize the
development of our most promising candidates at the expense of the development of other products.</span></td>
</tr></table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 0.5in"/><td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#9675;</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Physicians, patients, third-party
payors or others in the medical community may not be receptive to our products, and we may not generate any future revenue from the sale
or licensing of our products.</span></td>
</tr></table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 0.25in"/><td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Risks associated with intellectual
property including but not limited to:</span></td>
</tr></table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 0.5in"/><td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#9675;</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">We may not be successful in
obtaining or maintaining patent or other relating rights necessary to the development of our drug candidates in the pipeline;</span></td>
</tr></table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 0.5in"/><td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#9675;</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">The intellectual property rights
underlying our exclusive licensing rights may expire or be terminated due to lack of maintenance;</span></td>
</tr></table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 0.25in"/><td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Risks associated with competition
and manufacturing including, but not limited to:</span></td>
</tr></table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 0.5in"/><td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#9675;</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">We face competition from entities
that have developed or are developing products for our target disease indications, including companies developing novel treatments and
technologies similar to ours; and</span></td>
</tr></table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 0.5in"/><td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#9675;</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">We depend primarily upon a sole
supplier of our key extract for three drug candidates and could incur significant costs and delays if we are unable to promptly find
a replacement for such supplier if the supplier fails to deliver the extract pursuant to our orders.</span></td>
</tr></table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p>
</div><div>
</div><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 12; Value: 1 --><div>
    </div><div style="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->6<!-- Field: /Sequence --></p></div><div>
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</div><div style="padding: 5; border: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 98%">
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 0.25in"/><td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Risks associated with government
regulations including without limitation:</span></td>
</tr></table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 0.5in"/><td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#9675;</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">If we do not obtain the necessary
governmental approvals, we will be unable to sub-license or commercialize our pharmaceutical products; and</span></td>
</tr></table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 0.5in"/><td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#9675;</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Even if we obtain regulatory
approval for a drug candidate, our products may remain subject to regulatory scrutiny.</span></td>
</tr></table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 0.25in"/><td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Risk associated with our Common
Stock including without limitation:</span></td>
</tr></table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 0.5in"/><td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#9675;</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">The market prices and trading
volumes of the Common may be volatile and may be affected by economic conditions beyond our control; and,</span></td>
</tr></table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 0.5in"/><td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#9675;</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">There is only a limited trading
market for our Common Stock and such market may never develop.</span></td>
</tr></table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">These and other risks described in this prospectus
could materially and adversely impact our business, financial condition, operating results and cash flow, which could cause the trading
price of our Common Stock to decline and could result in a loss of your investment.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Summary Risk Factors</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The below is a summary of principal risks to our
business and risks associated with this offering. It is only a summary. You should read the more detailed discussion of risks set forth
below and elsewhere in this prospectus for a more complete discussion of the risks listed below and other risks.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 24px">&#160;</td>
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  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 0.5in"/><td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#9675;</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Many of our current and potential
competitors have substantially greater financial, technical and human resources than we do, which could place us at a significant competitive
disadvantage or deny our marketing exclusivity rights.</span></td>
</tr></table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 0.5in"/><td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#9675;</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Many of our current and potential
competitors have significantly more experience in the marketing, commercialization, discovery, development and regulatory approvals of
products, which could place us at a significant competitive disadvantage or deny our marketing exclusivity rights</span></td>
</tr></table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
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    <td style="width: 24px">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 24px"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
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  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 0.5in"/><td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#9675;</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">We have never generated revenue
and will continue to be unprofitable in the foreseeable future.</span></td>
</tr></table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 0.5in"/><td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#9675;</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Our business, operations and
plans and timelines could be adversely affected by the effects of health epidemics, including the recent COVID-19 pandemic.</span></td>
</tr></table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 0.5in"/><td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#9675;</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Clinical trials are expensive
and time consuming, and their outcome is uncertain.</span></td>
</tr></table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 0.5in"/><td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#9675;</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Our clinical trials could be
delayed or unsuccessful, and we may not be able to obtain regulatory approval for any of our drug candidates when expected, or at all.</span></td>
</tr></table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 0.5in"/><td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#9675;</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">We may experience delays in
our clinical trials that could adversely affect our business and operations.</span></td>
</tr></table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 0.5in"/><td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#9675;</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">We rely on third parties to
conduct our preclinical studies and clinical trials and if such third parties do not meet our deadlines or otherwise conduct the studies
as required, we may be delayed in progressing, or ultimately may not be able to progress, our drug candidates to clinical trials.</span></td>
</tr></table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 0.5in"/><td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#9675;</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">We may not be able to secure
and maintain research institutions to conduct our future trials.</span></td>
</tr></table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 0.5in"/><td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#9675;</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">We may not be able to secure
co-developers or partners to further post-Phase II clinical trials and eventually commercialize our drug candidates.</span></td>
</tr></table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 0.5in"/><td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#9675;</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">We may need to prioritize the
development of our most promising candidates at the expense of the development of other products.</span></td>
</tr></table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 0.5in"/><td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#9675;</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Physicians, patients, third-party
payors or others in the medical community may not be receptive to our products, and we may not generate any future revenue from the sale
or licensing of our products.</span></td>
</tr></table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p>
</div><div>
</div><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 13; Value: 1 --><div>
    </div><div style="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->7<!-- Field: /Sequence --></p></div><div>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 0.25in"/><td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Risks associated with intellectual
property including but not limited to:</span></td>
</tr></table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 0.5in"/><td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#9675;</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">We may not be successful in
obtaining or maintaining patent or other relating rights necessary to the development of our drug candidates in the pipeline;</span></td>
</tr></table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 0.5in"/><td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#9675;</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">The intellectual property rights
underlying our exclusive licensing rights may expire or be terminated due to lack of maintenance;</span></td>
</tr></table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 0.25in"/><td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Risks associated with competition
and manufacturing including, but not limited to:</span></td>
</tr></table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 0.5in"/><td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#9675;</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">We face competition from entities
that have developed or are developing products for our target disease indications, including companies developing novel treatments and
technologies similar to ours; and</span></td>
</tr></table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 0.5in"/><td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#9675;</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">We depend primarily upon a sole
supplier of our key extract for three drug candidates and could incur significant costs and delays if we are unable to promptly find
a replacement for such supplier if the supplier fails to deliver the extract pursuant to our orders.</span></td>
</tr></table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 0.25in"/><td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Risks associated with government
regulations including without limitation:</span></td>
</tr></table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 0.5in"/><td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#9675;</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">If we do not obtain the necessary
governmental approvals, we will be unable to sub-license or commercialize our pharmaceutical products; and</span></td>
</tr></table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 0.5in"/><td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#9675;</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Even if we obtain regulatory
approval for a drug candidate, our products may remain subject to regulatory scrutiny.</span></td>
</tr></table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
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Stock including without limitation:</span></td>
</tr></table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 0.5in"/><td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#9675;</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">The market prices and trading
volumes of the Common may be volatile and may be affected by economic conditions beyond our control; and,</span></td>
</tr></table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 0.5in"/><td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#9675;</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">There is only a limited trading
market for our Common Stock and such market may never develop.</span></td>
</tr></table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">These and other risks described in this prospectus
could materially and adversely impact our business, financial condition, operating results and cash flow, which could cause the trading
price of our Common Stock to decline and could result in a loss of your investment. In addition, you should carefully consider the risks
described under &#8220;Risk Factors&#8221; beginning on page 10.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Corporate Information</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">ABVC was incorporated under the laws of the State
of Nevada on February 6, 2002. BriVision was incorporated in the State of Delaware on July 21, 2015. BioLite was incorporated in the State
of Nevada on July 27, 2016. BioKey was incorporated in the State of California on November 20, 2000. BriVision, BioLite and BioKey are
three operating subsidiaries that are wholly owned by the Company.</p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company&#8217;s shareholders approved an amendment
to the Company&#8217;s Articles of Incorporation to change the Company&#8217;s corporate name from American BriVision (Holding) Corporation
to ABVC BioPharma, Inc. and approved and adopted the Certificate of Amendment to affect same at the 2020 annual meeting of shareholders
(the &#8220;<b>Annual Meeting</b>&#8221;). The name change amendment to the Company&#8217;s Articles of Incorporation was filed with Nevada&#8217;s
Secretary of State and became effective on March 8, 2021 and FINRA approved our application for the name change as of May 3, 2021.</p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Common Stock was approved for listing on The
Nasdaq Capital Market and commenced trading under the ticker symbol &#8220;ABVC&#8221; on August 3, 2021. The Company&#8217;s CUSIP number
is 0091F106.</p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Our principal executive office is located at 44370
Old Warm Springs Blvd., Fremont, CA 94538. Our telephone number at our principal executive office is (510)-668-0881. Our corporate website
of BriVision is http://www.abvcpharma.com<i>.</i> The information on our corporate website is not part of, and is not incorporated by
reference into, this prospectus.</p>

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<a id="s_004"></a><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>THE OFFERING</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 30%"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Common Stock being offered by Selling Stockholders</span></td>
    <td style="width: 70%">
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Up to 1,000,000 shares of Common Stock underlying
    the New Lind Warrant, which can be exercised at a price of $1.00 per share.</p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Selling Stockholders may sell their shares
    of Common Stock at prevailing market prices or privately negotiated prices. We will not receive any proceeds from the sales by the Selling
    Stockholders.</p></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Use of Proceeds</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">We will not receive any proceeds from the sale of shares by the Selling Stockholders.</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Trading Symbol</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">ABVC</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Risk Factors</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">The securities offered by this prospectus are speculative and involve a high degree of risk and investors purchasing securities should not purchase the securities unless they can afford the loss of their entire investment. You should read &#8220;Risk Factors,&#8221; beginning on page 10 for a discussion of factors to consider before deciding to invest in our securities. </span></td></tr>
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    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td><span style="font-size: 10pt">Transfer Agent</span></td>
    <td><span style="font-size: 10pt">VStock Transfer, LLC</span></td></tr>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><div><a id="s_005"></a></div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>RISK FACTORS</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><i>Investing in our securities includes a high
degree of risk. Prior to making a decision about investing in our securities, you should consider carefully the specific factors discussed
below, together with all of the other information contained in this prospectus. If any of the following risks actually occurs, our business,
financial condition, results of operations and future prospects would likely be materially and adversely affected. This could cause the
market price of our Common Stock to decline and could cause you to lose all or part of your investment.</i></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b>Risks Related to the Company&#8217;s Business</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>Unfavorable global economic conditions,
including as a result of health and safety concerns, could adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.</i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Our results of operations could be adversely affected
by general conditions in the global economy, including conditions that are outside of our control, such as the impact of health and safety
concerns from the current outbreak of the COVID-19 coronavirus (&#8220;COVID-19&#8221;). The spread of the COVID-19, which was declared
a pandemic by the World Health Organization in March 2020, has caused different countries and cities to mandate curfews, including &#8220;shelter-in-place&#8221;
and closures of most non-essential businesses as well as other measures to mitigate the spread of the virus.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The negative impact of COVID-19 on our operations
is ongoing and the extent of which remains uncertain and potentially wide-spread, including:</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
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execute our long-term growth strategy during these uncertain times;</span></td>
</tr></table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
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    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
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    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">supply chain disruptions in projects ABV-1504, ABV-1505 and ABV-1601, resulting from reduced workforces, scarcity of raw materials, and scrutiny or embargoing of goods produced in infected areas;</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
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    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">our ability to perform on-site due-diligence for project ABV-1505 (MDD Phase II completed new drug candidate) and ABV-1701 (Vitargus FIH completed medical device) with our potential partners/collaborators in US, Mainland China, and Japan;</span></td></tr>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
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    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">our ability to access capital sources, as well as the ability of our key customers, suppliers, and vendors to do the same in regard to their own obligations; and</span></td></tr>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The COVID-19 pandemic remains highly volatile
and continues to evolve on a daily basis and therefore, despite our efforts and developments to combat the virus, there can be no assurance
that these measures will prove successful. The extent to which COVID-19 continues to impact the Company&#8217;s business, sales, and results
of operations will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted.</p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>The Company is a development stage biopharmaceutical
company and is thus subject to the risks associated with new businesses in that industry.</i></b></p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company acquired the sole licensing rights
to develop and commercialize for therapeutic purposes six compounds from BioLite and the right to co-develop with BioFirst a medical device
(collectively the &#8220;ABVC Pipeline Products&#8221;). As such, the Company is a clinical stage biopharmaceutical company with operations
that generate unsubstantial revenues. The Company is establishing and implementing many important functions necessary to operate a business,
including the clinical research and development of the ABVC Pipeline Products, further establishment of the Company&#8217;s managerial
and administrative structure, accounting systems and internal financial controls</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">BioLite and BioKey are expected to continue to
have limited revenue and remain unprofitable for an indefinite period of time.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Accordingly, you should consider the Company&#8217;s
prospects in light of the risks and uncertainties that a pharmaceutical company with a limited operating history and revenue faces. In
particular, potential investors should consider that there are significant risks that the Company will not be able to:</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p><div>

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    </div><div style="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->10<!-- Field: /Sequence --></p></div><div>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">If any of the above risks occurs, the Company&#8217;s
business may fail, in which case you may lose the entire amount of your investment in the Company. The Company cannot assure that any
of its efforts in business operations will be successful or result in the timely development of new products, or ultimately produce any
material revenue and profits.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">As a pre-profit biopharmaceutical company, the
Company needs to transition from a company with a research and development focus to a company capable of supporting commercial activities.
The Company may not be able to reach such transition point or make such a transition, which would have affect our business, financial
condition, results of operations and prospects.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>If the Company fails to raise additional
capital, its ability to implement its business model and strategy could be compromised.</i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company has limited capital resources and
operations. The CDMO services provided by BioKey generates a limited amount of revenue that can only partially support the operations
of the Company. To date, the Company&#8217;s operations have been funded partially from the proceeds from financings or loans from its
shareholders . From time to time, we may seek additional financing to provide the capital required to expand research and development
(&#8220;R&amp;D&#8221;) initiatives and/or working capital, as well as to repay outstanding loans if cash flow from operations is insufficient
to do so. We cannot predict with certainty the timing or amount of any such capital requirements.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">If the Company does not raise sufficient capital
to fund its ongoing development activities, it is likely that it will be unable to carry out its business plans, including R&amp;D development
and expansion of production facilities. Currently, the Company has had to put several projects on hold due to a lack of funding. Even
if the Company obtains financing for near term operations and product development, the Company may require additional capital beyond the
near term. Furthermore, additional capital may not be available in sufficient amounts or on reasonable terms, if at all, and our ability
to raise additional capital may be adversely impacted by potential worsening global economic conditions and the recent disruptions to
and volatility in the credit and financial markets in the United States and worldwide resulting from the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. If
the Company is unable to raise capital when needed, its business, financial condition and results of operations would be materially adversely
affected, and it could be forced to reduce or discontinue our operations.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>The Company has no history in obtaining
regulatory approval for, or commercializing, any new drug candidate.</i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">With limited operating history, the Company has
never obtained regulatory approval for, or commercialized, any new drug candidate. It is possible that the FDA may refuse to accept our
planned New Drug Application (or &#8220;NDA&#8221;) for any of the six drug products for substantive review or may conclude after review
of our data that our application is insufficient to obtain regulatory approval of the new drug candidates or the medical device. Although
our CDMO strategic business department has experience in obtaining abbreviated new drug application (or &#8220;ANDA&#8221;) approvals,
the processes and timelines of obtaining an NDA approval and ANDA approval can differentiate substantially. If the FDA does not accept
or approve our planned NDA for our product candidates, it may require that we conduct additional clinical, preclinical or manufacturing
validation studies, which may be costly. Depending on the FDA required studies, approval of any NDA or application that we submit may
be significantly delayed, possibly for several years, or may require us to expend more resources than we have. Any delay in obtaining,
or inability to obtain, regulatory approvals of any of our drug candidate will prevent us from sublicensing such product. It is also possible
that additional studies, if performed and completed, may not be considered sufficient by the FDA. If any of these outcomes occurs, we
may be forced to abandon our planned NDA for such drug candidate, which materially adversely affects our business and could potentially
cause us to cease operations. We face similar regulatory risks in a foreign jurisdiction.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>Our growth is dependent on our ability to
successfully develop, acquire or license new drugs.</i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Our growth is supported by continuous investment
in time, resources and capital to identify and develop new products or new formulations for the market and market penetration. If we are
unable to either develop new products on our own or acquire licenses for new products from other parties, our ability to grow revenues
and market share will be adversely affected. In addition, we may not be able to recover our investment in the development of new drugs
and medical devices, given that projects may be interrupted, unsuccessful, not as profitable as initially contemplated or we may not be
able to obtain necessary financing for such development. Similarly, there is no assurance that we can successfully secure such rights
from third parties on an economically feasible basis.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>Our current products have certain side effects.
If the side effects associated with our current or future products are not identified prior to their marketing and sale, we may be required
to withdraw such products from the market, perform lengthy additional clinical trials or change the labeling of our products, any of which
could adversely impact our growth.</i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company researches and develops the following
seven drug products and one medical device: ABV-1501, ABV-1504, ABV-1505, ABV-1519, ABV-1702, ABV-1601 and ABV-1703. Each of these seven
products may cause serious adverse effects to their users. For example, the API of ABV-1501, ABV-1702 and ABV-1703 is Maitake mushroom
extract. Side effects, or adverse events, associated with Maitake mushroom extract include blood bilirubin increase, lymphocyte count
decrease, neutrophil count decrease, platelet count decrease, white blood cell decrease, headache, and hyperglycemia. Serious adverse
events (collectively, the &#8220;SAE&#8221;) associated with this compound include leukocytosis, platelet count decrease, eye disorders,
abdominal pain, gastrointestinal disorders, aphonia, lung infection, muscle weakness right-sided, confusion, edema cerebral, stroke, dyspnea,
wheezing, and pruritus.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p><div>

</div><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 17; Value: 1 --><div>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">ABV-1504 and ABV-1505 have the same API, &#8220;Radix
Polygala&#8221;, which is known as Polygala tenuifolia Willd or PDC-1421 Capsule (&#8220;Polygala tenuifolia Willd&#8221;). Side effects,
or adverse events, associated with ABV-1504 and ABV-1505, coming from administration of the trial medicine or examination procedure such
as the procedure of taking blood (fainting, pain and/or bruising), may lead to gastrointestinal disorders (abdominal fullness and constipation),
nervous system disorders (drowsiness, sleepiness, and oral ulcer). In addition, long-term use may cause miscarriages.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The safety and preliminary efficacy findings from
this study, combined with the unique properties of ABV-1701, are supportive of further investigation for its use following vitrectomy
surgery in patients requiring vitreous replacement. However, new serious side effects of ABV-1701 may be uncovered as the clinical trials
continue.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The occurrence of any of those adverse events
would harm our future sales of these medicines and substantially increase the costs and expenses of marketing these medicines, which in
turn could cause our revenues and net income to decline. In addition, the reputation and sales of our future medicines could be adversely
affected due to the severe side effects discovered.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>We may be subject to product liability claims
in the future, which could divert our resources, cause us to incur substantial liabilities and limit commercialization of any products
that we may develop.</i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We face an inherent business risk of exposure
to product liability claims in the event that the uses of our products are alleged to have caused adverse side effects. Side effects or
marketing or manufacturing problems pertaining to any of our products could result in product liability claims or adverse publicity. These
risks will exist for those products in clinical development and with respect to those products that receive regulatory approval for commercial
sale. Furthermore, although we have not historically experienced any problems associated with claims by users of our products, we do not
currently maintain product liability insurance and there could be no assurance that we are able to acquire product liability insurance
with terms that are commercially feasible.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We face an inherent risk of product liability
claims as a result of the clinical testing of our products and potentially commercially selling any products that we may develop. For
example, we may be sued if any product we develop allegedly causes injury or is found to be otherwise unsuitable during clinical testing,
manufacturing, marketing or sale. Any such product liability claims may include allegations of defects in manufacturing, defects in design,
a failure to warn of dangers inherent in the product, negligence, strict liability or a breach of warranties. Claims could also be asserted
under state consumer protection acts. If we cannot successfully defend ourselves against product liability claims, we may incur substantial
liabilities or be required to limit commercialization of our product candidate. Regardless of the merits or eventual outcome, liability
claims may result in:</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td><span style="font-size: 10pt">substantial monetary awards to trial participants or patients;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
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    <td><span style="font-size: 10pt">reduced resources of our management to pursue our business strategy; and</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td></tr>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We currently have insurance policies to cover
liabilities under the clinic trials but do not maintain general liability insurance; and even if we have a general liability insurance
in the future, this insurance may not fully cover potential liabilities that we may incur. The cost of any product liability litigation
or other proceeding, even if resolved in our favor, could be substantial. We would need to increase our insurance coverage if and when
we begin selling any product candidate that receives marketing approval. In addition, insurance coverage is becoming increasingly expensive.
If we are unable to obtain or maintain sufficient insurance coverage at an acceptable cost or to otherwise protect against potential product
liability claims, it could prevent or inhibit the development and commercial production and sale of our product candidate, which could
adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>We have conducted, and may in the future
conduct, clinical trials for certain of our product candidates at sites outside the United States, and the FDA may not accept data from
trials conducted in such locations.</i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We have conducted and may in the future choose
to conduct one or more of our clinical trials outside the United States. Although the FDA may accept data from clinical trials conducted
outside the United States, acceptance of this data is subject to certain conditions imposed by the FDA. For example, the clinical trial
must be well designed and conducted and performed by qualified investigators in accordance with ethical principles. The trial population
must also adequately represent the U.S. population, and the data must be applicable to the U.S. population and U.S. medical practice in
ways that the FDA deems clinically meaningful. In addition, while these clinical trials are subject to the applicable local laws, FDA
acceptance of the data will be dependent upon its determination that the trials also complied with all applicable U.S. laws and regulations.
There can be no assurance that the FDA will accept data from trials conducted outside of the United States. If the FDA does not accept
the data from any of our clinical trials that we determine to conduct outside the United States, it would likely result in the need for
additional trials, which would be costly and time-consuming and delay or permanently halt our development of the product candidate.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 18; Value: 1 --><div>
    </div><div style="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->12<!-- Field: /Sequence --></p></div><div>
    </div><div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div><div>
    </div><!-- Field: /Page --><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In addition, the conduct of clinical trials outside
the United States could have a significant impact on us. Risks inherent in conducting international clinical trials include:</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td><span style="font-size: 10pt">foreign regulatory requirements that could restrict or limit our ability to conduct our clinical trials;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td><span style="font-size: 10pt">administrative burdens of conducting clinical trials under multiple foreign regulatory schema;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td><span style="font-size: 10pt">foreign exchange fluctuations; and</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td><span style="font-size: 10pt">diminished protection of intellectual property in some countries.</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>If clinical trials of our product candidates
fail to demonstrate safety and efficacy to the satisfaction of the FDA and comparable non-U.S. regulators, we may incur additional costs
or experience delays in completing, or ultimately be unable to complete the development and commercialization of our product candidates.</i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We are not permitted to commercialize, market,
promote or sell any product candidate in the United States without obtaining marketing approval from the FDA. Comparable non-U.S. regulatory
authorities impose similar restrictions. We may never receive such approvals. We must complete extensive preclinical development and clinical
trials to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of our product candidate in humans before we will be able to obtain these approvals.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Clinical testing is expensive, difficult to design
and implement, can take many years to complete and is inherently uncertain as to outcome. Any inability to successfully complete preclinical
and clinical development could result in additional costs to us and impair our ability to generate revenues from product sales, regulatory
and commercialization milestones and royalties. In addition, if (1) we are required to conduct additional clinical trials or other testing
of our product candidate beyond the trials and testing that we contemplate, (2) we are unable to successfully complete clinical trials
of our product candidate or other testing, (3) the results of these trials or tests are unfavorable, uncertain or are only modestly favorable,
or (4) there are unacceptable safety concerns associated with our product candidate, we, in addition to incurring additional costs, may:</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">be delayed in obtaining marketing approval for our product candidates;</span></td></tr>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">not obtain marketing approval at all;</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">obtain approval for indications or patient populations that are not as broad as we intended or desired;</span></td></tr>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">obtain approval with labeling that includes significant use or distribution restrictions or significant safety warnings, including boxed warnings;</span></td></tr>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">be subject to additional post-marketing testing or other requirements; or</span></td></tr>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>Even if any of our product candidates receives
marketing approval, it may fail to achieve the degree of market acceptance by physicians, patients, third party payors and others in the
medical community necessary for commercial success and the market opportunity for the product candidate may be smaller than we estimate.</i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We have never completed a new drug or new medical
device FDA application process from Phase I to FDA approval and commercialization. Even if our products are approved by the appropriate
regulatory authorities for marketing and sale, they may nonetheless fail to gain sufficient market acceptance by physicians, patients,
third party payors and others in the medical community. For example, physicians are often reluctant to switch their patients from existing
therapies even when new and potentially more effective or convenient treatments enter the market. Further, patients often acclimate to
the therapy that they are currently taking and do not want to switch unless their physicians recommend switching products or they are
required to switch therapies due to lack of reimbursement for existing therapies.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The potential market opportunities for our products
are difficult to estimate precisely. Our estimates of the potential market opportunities are predicated on many assumptions, including
industry knowledge and publications, third party research reports and other surveys. While we believe that our internal assumptions are
reasonable, these assumptions involve the exercise of significant judgment on the part of our management, are inherently uncertain and
the reasonableness of these assumptions has not been assessed by an independent source. If any of the assumptions proves to be inaccurate,
the actual markets for our products could be smaller than our estimates of the potential market opportunities.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p><div>

</div><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 19; Value: 1 --><div>
    </div><div style="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->13<!-- Field: /Sequence --></p></div><div>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>We may seek to enter into collaborations
with third parties for the development and commercialization of our product candidates. If we fail to enter into such collaborations,
or such collaborations are not successful, we may not be able to capitalize on the market potential of our product candidates.</i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We may seek third-party collaborators for development
and commercialization of our products. Our likely collaborators for any marketing, distribution, development, licensing or broader collaboration
arrangements include large and mid-size pharmaceutical companies, regional and national pharmaceutical companies, non-profit organizations,
government agencies, and biotechnology companies. Our ability to generate revenues from these arrangements will depend on our collaborators&#8217;
abilities to successfully perform the functions assigned to them in these arrangements.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Collaborations involving our products will pose
the following risks to us:</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">collaborators may have significant discretion in determining the efforts and resources that they will apply to these collaborations;</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in">&#160;</td>
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  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Collaborative agreements may not lead to development
or commercialization of our product candidate in the most efficient manner or at all. If a collaborator of ours were to be involved in
a business combination, the continued pursuit and emphasis on our product development or commercialization program could be delayed, diminished
or terminated.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>ABVC, through BioLite, may not be able to
receive the full amounts available under the collaboration agreement by and between BioLite, Inc. and BioHopeKing, which could increase
its burden to seek additional capital to fund the business operations.</i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In February and December 2015, BioLite, Inc.,
a subsidiary of BioLite, entered into a total of three collaboration agreements with BioHopeKing to jointly develop ABV-1501 for TNBC
(or BLI-1401-2 as used by BioLite internally) and ABV-1504 for MDD (or BLI-1005 as used by BioLite internally) in most Asian countries
and BLI-1006, which has been later replaced with BLI-1008 for ADHD in Asia, excluding Japan. ABVC and BioLite are co-developing ABV-1501
for TNBC and ABV-1504 for MDD pursuant to the Collaboration Agreement and its Addendum entered by and between BriVision and BioLite Taiwan
where ABVC and BriVision are responsible for the clinical trials of such two new drug candidates. In accordance with the terms of the
BioHopeKing Collaboration Agreement for ABV-1501 or BLI-1401-2 and the Addendum thereto, BioLite shall receive payments of a total of
$10 million in cash and equity of BioHopeKing or equity securities owned by it at various stages on a schedule dictated by BioLite&#8217;s
achievements of certain milestones and twelve per cent (12%) of net sales of the drug products when ABV-1501 or BLI-1401-2 is approved
for sale in the licensed territories. If BioLite fails to reach any of the milestones in a timely manner, it may not receive the rest
of the payments from BioHopeKing. As a result of BioLite&#8217;s potential inability to receive the full payments under those collaboration
agreements with BioHopeKing, ABVC may have to seek other sources of financing to fund its operation activities.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>ABVC and its Subsidiaries may not be successful
in establishing and maintaining additional strategic partnerships, which could adversely affect ABVC&#8217;s ability to develop and commercialize
products, negatively impacting its operating results.</i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In addition to ABVC&#8217;s current collaboration
with BioHopeKing for selected Asian markets, a part of its strategy is to evaluate and, as deemed appropriate, enter into additional partnerships
in the future with major biotechnology or pharmaceutical companies. ABVC&#8217;s products may prove to be difficult to effectively license
out as planned. Various regulatory, commercial and manufacturing factors may impact ABVC&#8217;s ability to seek co-developers of or grow
revenues from licensing out any of the seven products in the pipeline, none of which has been fully licensed out. Specifically, ABVC may
encounter difficulty by virtue of:</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

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  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">its inability to effectively identify and align with commercial partners in the U.S. to collaborate the development of ABV-1504 for the treatment of Major Depressive Disorder, ABV-1505 to treat Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disease, ABV-1501 for the treatment of Triple Negative Breast Cancer, ABV-1519 to treat of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer, ABV-1703 to the treatment of Pancreatic Cancer, ABV-1601 to treat Depression in Cancer Patients and ABV-1702 to treat Myelodysplastic syndromes and ABV-1701 Vitargus for the treatments of Retinal Detachment or Vitreous Hemorrhage;</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
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    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">its inability to secure appropriate contract research organizations (&#8220;CRO&#8221;s) to conduct data analysis, lab research and FDA communication; and</span></td></tr>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in">&#160;</td>
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  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">ABVC faces significant competition in seeking
appropriate partners for its therapeutic candidates, and the negotiation process is time-consuming and complex. In order for ABVC to successfully
partner its autoimmune, CNS and hematology therapeutic candidates, as well as Vitargus, its medical device, potential partners must view
these medicinal candidates as economically valuable in markets they determine to be attractive in light of the terms that ABVC is seeking
and compared to other available products for licensing by other companies. Even if ABVC is successful in its efforts to establish new
strategic partnerships, the terms that ABVC agrees upon may not be favorable, and it may not be able to maintain such strategic partnerships
if, for example, development or approval of an autoimmune therapeutic is delayed or sales of an approved product are disappointing. Any
delay in entering into new strategic partnership agreements related to any of ABVC&#8217;s therapeutic candidates could delay the development
and commercialization of such candidates and reduce its competitiveness even if it reaches the market.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">If ABVC fails to establish and maintain additional
strategic partnerships or collaboration related to its therapeutic candidates that have not been fully licensed, it will bear all of the
risk and costs related to the development of any such drug candidate, and it may need to seek additional financing, hire additional employees
and otherwise develop expertise for which it has not budgeted. This could negatively affect the development of any incompletely partnered
new drug candidates.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>ABVC&#8217;s licensors may choose to terminate
any of the license agreements with ABVC. As a result, ABVC&#8217;s research and development of new drug candidates that contain the underlying
API may be terminated abruptly. </i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">If ABVC&#8217;s Subsidiary BioLite materially
breaches any license agreements it has with Yukiguni Maitake Co. (&#8220;Yukiguni&#8221;), Medical and Pharmaceutical Industry Technology
and Development Center (&#8220;MPITDC&#8221;) or Industrial Technology Research Institute (&#8220;ITRI&#8221;), or any of such license
agreement terminates unexpectedly, BioLite may not be able to continue its research and development of the new drug candidate which contains
the underlying API whose license has been terminated. Pursuant to the Yukiguni License Agreement, if BioLite fails to meet the milestone
sales requirement or submit certain applications to the appropriate health authorities on a schedule prescribed therein, Yukiguni shall
have the right to terminate the Yukiguni License Agreement. If the Yukiguni License Agreement is terminated involuntarily, BioLite will
be forced to discontinue its new drug development of ABV-1703, ABV-1502 and ABV-1501 and terminate the collaboration agreements relating
to the three new drug candidates. The termination of the right to use the underlying API will materially disrupt the operations of ABVC.
Pursuant to the license agreement between BioLite Taiwan and ITRI, if BioLite Taiwan fails to complete the research submission milestones
according to the schedule set forth therein without reasons or with reasons unstatisfied with ITRI, ITRI shall have the right to terminate
the license agreement with BioLite Taiwan without refund to BioLite Taiwan. BioLite Taiwan and BioLite have submitted the IND for PDC-1421
and subsequently conducted Phase II clinical trials of two drug candidiates developed from PDC-1421 according to the schedule listed in
the license agreement between BioLite Taiwan and MPITDC.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>ABVC&#8217;s Subsidiary BioLite depends
on one supplier for the API of ABV-1703, ABV-1519, ABV-1502 and ABV-1501 and any failure of such supplier to deliver sufficient quantities
of the API that meets its quality standard could have a material adverse effect on its research of these four drug candidates. </i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Currently BioLite relies primarily on Yukiguni,
a Japanese supplier, to provide Yukiguni Maitake Extract 404, the API which is contained in ABV-1703, ABV-1519, ABV-1502 and ABV-1501,
four of the seven drug candidates in BioLite&#8217;s oncology/hematology portfolio. It has entered into the Yukiguni License Agreement,
among other things, for the delivery of Yukiguni Maitake Extract 404. BioLite agrees to fulfill its demand of the Yukiguni Maitake Extract
404 by purchasing first from Yukiguni respecting the therapeutic products and Yukiguni represents that it will provide sufficient quantities
of such API that meets cGMP standards. If the supplies of Yukiguni Maitake Extract 404 were interrupted for any reason, BioLite&#8217;s
research and development activities of these four drug candidates could be delayed. These delays could be extensive and expensive, especially
in situations where a substitution is not readily available.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">BioLite is currently negotiating with another
supplier of Yukiguni Maitake Extract 404 that is located in Canada. However, there can be no assurance that the negotiation will be successful.
Failure to obtain adequate supplies of high quality Yukiguni Maitake Extract 404 in a timely manner could have a disruptive effect on
ABVC and BioLite&#8217;s research and development activities of ABV-1703, ABV-1519, ABV-1502 and ABV-1501, resulting in a material adverse
effect on the Company&#8217;s business, financial condition and results of operations.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>ABVC may use hazardous chemicals and biological
materials in its business. Any claims relating to improper handling, storage or disposal of these materials could be time consuming and
costly. </i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">ABVC&#8217;s research and development may involve
the controlled use of hazardous materials, including chemicals and biological materials. ABVC cannot eliminate the risk of accidental
contamination or discharge and any resulting injury from these materials. ABVC may be sued for any injury or contamination that results
from its use or the use by third parties of these materials, and its liability may exceed any insurance coverage and its total assets.
Federal, state and local laws and regulations govern the use, manufacture, storage, handling and disposal of these hazardous materials
and specified waste products, as well as the discharge of pollutants into the environment and human health and safety matters. Although
ABVC makes its best efforts to comply with environmental laws and regulations despite the associated high costs and inconvenience, ABVC
cannot guarantee that it will not mishandle any hazardous materials in the future. If it fails to comply with these requirements or any
improper handling of hazardous materials occurs, it could incur substantial costs, including civil or criminal fines and penalties, clean-up
costs or capital expenditures for control equipment or operational changes necessary to achieve and maintain compliance. In addition,
ABVC cannot predict the impact on its business of new or amended environmental laws or regulations or any changes in the way existing
and future laws and regulations are interpreted and enforced.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>The facilities where the samples of drug
candidates are manufactured need to be maintained and monitored in compliance with the good manufacturing practice standards, the failure
of such maintenance could contaminate the results of our clinical trials and adversely affect our operations.</i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">ABVC&#8217;s Subsidiary BioKey operates a laboratory
facility that is a certified good manufacturing practice facility (&#8220;cGMP&#8221;) and some of its contract clinical trial service
providers use cGMP facilities to conduct clinical studies. ABVC cannot be certain that ABVC or its present or future contract manufacturers
or suppliers will be able to comply with cGMPs regulations and other FDA regulatory requirements. Failure to comply with these requirements
may result in, among other things, total or partial suspension of production activities, failure of the FDA to grant approval for marketing,
and withdrawal, suspension, or revocation of marketing approvals.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b>Risks Related to Intellectual Property</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>Pharmaceutical patents and patent applications
involve highly complex legal and factual questions, which, if determined adversely to the Company, could negatively impact its respective
licensors&#8217; patent position and interrupt its research activities. </i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The patent positions of pharmaceutical companies
and research institutions can be highly uncertain and involve complex legal and factual questions. The interpretation and breadth of claims
allowed in some patents covering pharmaceutical compositions may be uncertain and difficult to determine, and are often affected materially
by the facts and circumstances that pertain to the patented compositions and the related patent claims. The standards of the U.S. Patent
and Trademark Office, or USPTO, are sometimes uncertain and could change in the future. Consequently, the issuance and scope of patents
cannot be predicted with certainty. Patents, if issued, may be challenged, invalidated or circumvented. U.S. patents and patent applications
may also be subject to interference proceedings, and U.S. patents may be subject to re-examination proceedings, post-grant review and/or
inter parties review in the USPTO. Foreign patents may be subject to opposition or comparable proceedings in the corresponding foreign
patent office, which could result in either loss of the patent or denial of the patent application or loss or reduction in the scope of
one or more of the claims of the patent or patent application. In addition, such interference, re-examination, post-grant review, inter
parties review and opposition proceedings may be costly. Accordingly, rights under any issued patents may not provide the Company with
sufficient protection against competitive products or processes.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In addition, changes in or different interpretations
of patent laws in the U.S. and foreign countries may permit others to use discoveries of the Company or to develop and commercialize their
new drug candidates without providing any compensation thereto, or may limit the number of patents or claims the Company can obtain. The
laws of some countries do not protect intellectual property rights to the same extent as U.S. laws and those countries may lack adequate
rules and procedures for defending the intellectual property rights of the Company.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">If the Company fails to obtain and maintain patent
protection and trade secret protection of its respective products, the Company could lose their competitive advantages and competition
it faces would increase, reducing any potential revenues and adversely affecting its ability to attain or maintain profitability.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>Developments in patent law could have a
negative impact on the Company&#8217;s Licensors&#8217; patent positions and the Company&#8217;s business.</i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">From time to time, the U.S. Supreme Court, other
federal courts, the U.S. Congress or the USPTO may change the standards of patentability and any such changes could have a negative impact
on the Company&#8217;s business.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In addition, the Leahy-Smith America Invents Act,
or the America Invents Act, which was signed into law in 2011, includes a number of significant changes to U.S. patent law. These changes
include a transition from a &#8220;first-to-invent&#8221; system to a &#8220;first-to-file&#8221; system, changes the way issued patents
are challenged, and changes the way patent applications are disputed during the examination process. These changes may favor larger and
more established companies that have greater resources to devote to patent application filing and prosecution. The USPTO has developed
regulations and procedures to govern the full implementation of the America Invents Act, and many of the substantive changes to patent
law associated with the America Invents Act, and, in particular, the first-to-file provisions, became effective on March 16, 2013. Substantive
changes to patent law associated with the America Invents Act may affect the Company, BioLite and BioKey&#8217;s ability to obtain patents,
and if obtained, to enforce or defend them. Accordingly, it is not clear what, if any, impact the America Invents Act will ultimately
have on the cost of prosecuting the Company&#8217;s patent applications, its ability to obtain patents based on its discoveries and its
ability to enforce or defend its patents.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p><div>

</div><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 22; Value: 1 --><div>
    </div><div style="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->16<!-- Field: /Sequence --></p></div><div>
    </div><div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div><div>
    </div><!-- Field: /Page --><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>If the Company is unable to protect the
confidentiality of its trade secrets, its business and competitive position would be harmed, respectively. </i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In addition to patent protection, because the
Company operates in the highly technical field of discovery and development of therapies, it relies in part on trade secret protection
in order to protect its proprietary technology and processes. However, trade secrets are difficult to protect. The Company has entered
into confidentiality and non-disclosure agreements with its employees, consultants, outside scientific and commercial collaborators, sponsored
researchers, and other advisors. These agreements generally require that the other party keep confidential and not disclose to third parties
any confidential information developed by the party or made known to the party by the Company during the course of the party&#8217;s relationship
therewith. These agreements also generally provide that inventions conceived by the party in the course of rendering services to the Company
will be ABVC&#8217;s exclusive property. However, these agreements may not be honored and may not effectively assign intellectual property
rights to the Company.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In addition to contractual measures, the Company
tries to protect the confidential nature of its proprietary information using physical and technological security measures. Such measures
may not, for example, in the case of misappropriation of a trade secret by an employee or third party with authorized access, provide
adequate protection for the Company. The Company&#8217;s security measures may not prevent an employee or consultant from misappropriating
its trade secrets and providing them to a competitor, and recourse it takes against such misconduct may not provide an adequate remedy
to protect the Company&#8217;s interests fully. Enforcing a claim that a party illegally disclosed or misappropriated a trade secret can
be difficult, expensive, and time-consuming, and the outcome is unpredictable. In addition, courts outside the U.S. may be less willing
to protect trade secrets. Trade secrets may be independently developed by others in a manner that could prevent legal recourse by the
Company. If the Company&#8217;s confidential or proprietary information, such as the trade secrets, were to be disclosed or misappropriated,
or if any such information was independently developed by a competitor, its competitive position could be harmed.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>Third parties may assert that the Company&#8217;s
employees or consultants have wrongfully used or disclosed confidential information or misappropriated trade secrets. </i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company might employ individuals who were
previously employed at universities or other biopharmaceutical companies, including its competitors or potential competitors. Although
through certain non-disclosure covenants and employment agreements with its officers and employees, the Company tries to ensure that its
employees and consultants do not use the proprietary information or know-how of others in the work for the Company, the Company may be
subject to claims that it or its employees, consultants or independent contractors have inadvertently or otherwise used or disclosed intellectual
property, including trade secrets or other proprietary information, of a former employer or other third parties. Litigation may be necessary
to defend against these claims. If the Company fails in defending any such claims, in addition to paying monetary damages, the Company
may lose valuable intellectual property rights or personnel. Even if the Company is successful in defending against such claims, litigation
could result in substantial costs and be a distraction to the Company&#8217;s management and other employees.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>ABVC&#8217;s ability to compete may decline
if it does not adequately protect its proprietary rights or if it is barred by the intellectual property rights of others. </i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">ABVC&#8217;s commercial success depends on obtaining
and maintaining proprietary rights to its drug candidates as well as successfully defending these rights against third-party challenges.
ABVC obtains its rights to use and research certain proprietary information to further develop the drug candidates primarily from three
institutions, MPITDC, ITRI and Yukiguni (collectively the &#8220;Licensors&#8221;). These three institutions own the intellectual property
rights in the products that have been licensed to us and may prosecute new patents of the drug candidates that are invented or discovered
within the licensed scope of use under the respective license agreements. ABVC will only be able to protect its new drug candidates from
unauthorized use by third parties to the extent that its valid and enforceable patents, or effectively protected trade secrets and know-how,
cover them.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">ABVC&#8217;s ability to obtain new patent protection
for its new drug candidates is uncertain due to a number of factors, including that:</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 0.25in"/><td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">ABVC may not have been the
first to make the inventions covered by pending patent applications or issued patents;</span></td>
</tr></table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 0.25in"/><td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">ABVC may not have been the
first to file patent applications for its new drug candidates;</span></td>
</tr></table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 0.25in"/><td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">others may independently develop
identical, similar or alternative products or compositions and uses thereof;</span></td>
</tr></table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 0.25in"/><td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">ABVC&#8217;s disclosures in
patent applications may not be sufficient to meet the statutory requirements for patentability;</span></td>
</tr></table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 0.25in"/><td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">any or all of ABVC&#8217;s
pending patent applications may not result in issued patents;</span></td>
</tr></table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 0.25in"/><td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">ABVC may not seek or obtain
patent protection in countries that may eventually provide a significant business opportunity;</span></td>
</tr></table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 0.25in"/><td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">any patents issued to ABVC
may not provide a basis for commercially viable products, may not provide any competitive advantages, or may be successfully challenged
by third parties;</span></td>
</tr></table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 0.25in"/><td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">ABVC&#8217;s methods may not
be patentable;</span></td>
</tr></table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p><div>

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    </div><div style="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->17<!-- Field: /Sequence --></p></div><div>
    </div><div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div><div>
    </div><!-- Field: /Page --><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 0.25in"/><td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">ABVC&#8217;s licensors may
successfully challenge that ABVC&#8217;s new patent application fall outside the licensed use of the products; or</span></td>
</tr></table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 0.25in"/><td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">others may design around ABVC&#8217;s
patent claims to produce competitive products which fall outside of the scope of its patents.</span></td>
</tr></table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Even if ABVC has or obtains new patents covering
its new drug candidates, ABVC may still be barred from making, using and selling them because of the patent rights of others. Others may
have filed, and in the future may file, patent applications covering products that are similar or identical to ABVC. There are many issued
U.S. and foreign patents relating to therapeutic products and some of these relate to ABVC&#8217;s new drug candidates. These could materially
affect ABVC&#8217;s ability to develop its drug candidates. Because patent applications can take many years to issue, there may be currently
pending applications unknown to ABVC that may later result in issued patents that its new drug candidates may infringe. These patent applications
may have priority over patent applications filed by ABVC.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>The Company and its respective licensors
may not be able to enforce their intellectual property rights throughout the world. </i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The laws of some foreign countries do not protect
intellectual property rights to the same extent as the laws of the U.S. Many companies have encountered significant problems in protecting
and defending intellectual property rights in certain foreign jurisdictions. The legal systems of some countries, particularly developing
countries, do not favor the enforcement of patents and other intellectual property protection, especially those relating to pharmaceuticals
and medical devices. This could make it difficult for the Company and its respective licensors to stop the infringement of some of the
Licensors&#8217; patents, or the misappropriation of their other intellectual property rights. For example, many foreign countries have
compulsory licensing laws under which a patent owner must grant licenses to third parties. In addition, many countries limit the enforceability
of patents against third parties, including government agencies or government contractors. In these countries, patents may provide limited
or no benefit. Patent protection must ultimately be sought on a country-by-country basis, which is an expensive and time-consuming process
with uncertain outcomes. Accordingly, the Company and its licensors have chosen in the past and may choose in the future not to seek patent
protection in certain countries, and as a result the Company will not have the benefit of patent protection in such countries. Moreover,
the Company may choose in the future not to seek patent protection in certain countries, and as a result it will not have the benefit
of patent protection in such countries.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Proceedings to enforce the Company&#8217;s and
its licensors&#8217; patent rights in foreign jurisdictions could result in substantial costs and divert its efforts and attention from
other aspects of the businesses. Accordingly, the efforts to protect the Company&#8217;s intellectual property rights in such countries
may be inadequate. In addition, changes in the law and legal decisions by courts in the U.S. and foreign countries may affect the Company&#8217;s
ability to obtain adequate protection for its technology and the enforcement of intellectual property.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b>Regulatory Risks Relating to Biopharmaceutical Business</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b><i>The Company is subject to various government regulations.</i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The manufacture and sale of human therapeutic
and diagnostic products in the U.S. and foreign jurisdictions are governed by a variety of statutes and regulations. These laws require
approval of manufacturing facilities, controlled research and testing of products and government review and approval of a submission containing
manufacturing, preclinical and clinical data in order to obtain marketing approval based on establishing the safety and efficacy of the
product for each use sought, including adherence to current PIC/S Guide to Good Manufacturing Practice for Medicinal products during production
and storage, and control of marketing activities, including advertising and labeling.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The products the Company is currently developing
will require significant development, preclinical and clinical testing and investment of substantial funds prior to its commercialization.
The process of obtaining required approvals can be costly and time-consuming, and there can be no assurance that future products will
be successfully developed and will prove to be safe and effective in clinical trials or receive applicable regulatory approvals. Markets
other than the U.S. have similar restrictions. Potential investors and shareholders should be aware of the risks, problems, delays, expenses
and difficulties which we may encounter in view of the extensive regulatory environment which controls our business.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>The Company cannot be certain that it will
be able to obtain regulatory approval for, or successfully commercialize, any of its current or future product candidates. </i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company may not be able to develop any current
or future product candidates. The Company&#8217;s new drug candidates will require substantial additional clinical development, testing,
and regulatory approval before the commencement of commercialization. The clinical trials of the Company&#8217;s drug candidates are,
and the manufacturing and marketing of our new drug candidates will be subject to extensive and rigorous review and regulation by numerous
government authorities in the U.S. and in other countries where the Company intend to test and, if approved, market any new drug candidate.
Before obtaining regulatory approvals for the commercial sale of any product candidate, the Company must demonstrate through pre-clinical
testing and clinical trials that the product candidate is safe and effective for use in each target indication. This process can take
many years and may include post-marketing studies and surveillance, which will require the expenditure of substantial resources. Of the
large number of drugs in development in the U.S., only a small percentage successfully completes the FDA regulatory approval process and
is commercialized. Accordingly, even if the Company is able to obtain the requisite financing to continue to fund its development and
clinical programs, it cannot assure the investors that any of the product candidates will be successfully developed or commercialized.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p><div>

</div><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 24; Value: 1 --><div>
    </div><div style="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->18<!-- Field: /Sequence --></p></div><div>
    </div><div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div><div>
    </div><!-- Field: /Page --><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company is not permitted to market a therapeutic
product in the U.S. until it receives approval of an NDA or ANDA, for that product from the FDA, or in any foreign countries until they
receive the requisite approval from such countries. Obtaining approval of an NDA is a complex, lengthy, expensive and uncertain process,
and the FDA may delay, limit or deny approval of any product candidate for many reasons, including, among others:</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 0.25in"/><td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Unable to demonstrate that
a product candidate is safe and effective to the satisfaction of the FDA;</span></td>
</tr></table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in">&#160;</td>
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  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
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  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">the CROs, that BioLite or the Company retains to conduct its clinical trials may take actions outside of its control that materially adversely impact its clinical trials;</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">delays in patient enrollment, variability in the number and types of patients available for clinical trials, and lower-than anticipated retention rates for patients in clinical trials;</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">the FDA may find the data from pre-clinical studies and clinical trials insufficient to demonstrate that a product candidate&#8217;s clinical and other benefits outweigh its safety risks, such as the risk of drug abuse by patients or the public in general;</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
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</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
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</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">These same risks apply to applicable foreign regulatory
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Any of these factors, many of which are beyond
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As a result, any such setback in the Company&#8217;s pursuit of initial or additional regulatory approval would have a material adverse
effect on its business and prospects.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">If the Company does not successfully complete
pre-clinical and Phase I and II clinical development, it will be unable to receive full payments under their respective collaboration
agreements, find future collaborators or partners to take the drug candidates to Phase III clinical trials. Even if the Company successfully
completes all Phase I and II clinical trials, those results are not necessarily predictive of results of additional trials that may be
needed before an NDA for Phase III trials may be submitted to the FDA. Although there are a large number of drugs in development in the
U.S. and other countries, only a very small percentage result in commercialization, and even fewer achieve widespread physician and consumer
acceptance following the regulatory approval.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In addition, the Company may encounter delays
or drug candidate rejections based on new governmental regulations, future legislative or administrative actions, or changes in FDA policy
or interpretation during the period of product development. If the Company obtains required regulatory approvals, such approvals may later
be withdrawn. Delays or failures in obtaining regulatory approvals may result in:</p><div>

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</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
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</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Furthermore, if the Company fails to comply with
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
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</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p><div>

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</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>The Company faces substantial competition
from companies with considerably more resources and experience than the Company has, which may result in others discovering, developing,
receiving approval for, or commercializing products before or more successfully than the Company. </i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company competes with companies that research,
develop, manufacture and market already-existing and new pharmaceutical products in the fields of CNS, hematology/oncology and autoimmune.
The Company anticipates that it will face increased competition in the future as new companies enter the market with new drugs and/or
technologies and/or their competitors improve their current products. One or more of their competitors may offer new drugs superior to
the Company&#8217;s and render the Company&#8217;s drugs uneconomical. A lot of the Company&#8217;s current competitors, as well as many
of its respective potential competitors, have greater name recognition, more substantial intellectual property portfolios, longer operating
histories, significantly greater resources to invest in new drug development, more substantial experience in product marketing and new
product development, greater regulatory expertise, more extensive manufacturing capabilities and the distribution channels to deliver
products to customers. If the Company is not able to compete successfully, it may not generate sufficient revenue to become profitable.
The Company&#8217;s ability to compete successfully will depend largely on its ability to:</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
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</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Established pharmaceutical companies devote significant
financial resources to discovering, developing or licensing novel compounds that could make the Company&#8217;s products and product candidates
obsolete. Our competitors may obtain patent protection, receive FDA approval, and commercialize medicines before we do. Other companies
are or may become engaged in the discovery of compounds or botanical materials that may compete with the drug candidates the Company is
developing.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company competes with a large number of well-established
pharmaceutical companies that may have more resources than the Company does in developing therapeutics in the fields of CNS, oncology/hematology
and ophthalmology.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Any new drug candidate the Company is developing
or commercializing that competes with a currently-approved product must demonstrate compelling advantages in efficacy, convenience, tolerability
and/or safety in order to address price competition and be commercially successful. If the Company is not able to compete effectively
against its current and future competitors, its business will not grow and its financial condition and operations will suffer.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Risks Relating to Doing Business Outside the
United States</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>Because part of ABVC&#8217;s pharmaceutical
research and development is conducted outside of the U.S., the Company is subject to the risks of doing business internationally, including
periodic foreign economic downturns and political instability, which may adversely affect the Company&#8217;s revenue and cost of doing
business in Taiwan.</i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">ABVC collaborates with partners whose primary
place of business is in Taiwan, Republic of China and the Company has certain key employees in Taiwan. Foreign economic downturns may
affect our results of operations in the future. Additionally, other facts relating to the operation of the Company&#8217;s business outside
of the U.S. may have a material adverse effect on the Company&#8217;s business, financial condition and results of operations, including:</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
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</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 26; Value: 1 --><div>
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</div><!-- Field: Split-Segment; Name: 1 --><div>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">As the Company continues to operate its business
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of these factors could materially adversely affect the Company&#8217;s business, financial condition and results of operations.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>The Company may be exposed to liabilities
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company is subject to the FCPA, and other
laws that prohibit improper payments or offers of payments to foreign governments, foreign government officials and political parties
by U.S. persons as defined by the statute for purposes of obtaining or retaining businesses. The Company may have agreements with third
parties who may make sales in mainland China and the U.S., during the process of which the Company may be exposed to corruption. Activities
in Taiwan create the risk of unauthorized payments or offers of payments by an employee, consultant or agent of the Company, because these
parties are not always subject to the Company&#8217;s control.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Although the Company believes to date it has complied
in all material aspects with the provisions of the FCPA and Chinese anti-corruption law, the existing safeguards and any future improvements
may prove to be less than effective and any of the Company&#8217;s employees, consultants or agents may engage in corruptive conduct for
which the Company might be held responsible. Violations of the FCPA or Chinese anti-corruption law may result in severe criminal or civil
sanctions against the Company and individuals and therefore could negatively affect the Company&#8217;s business, operating results and
financial condition. In addition, the Taiwanese government may seek to hold the Company liable as a successor for FCPA violations committed
by companies in which the Company invests or acquires.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>International operations expose the Company
to currency exchange and repatriation risks, and the Company cannot predict the effect of future exchange rate fluctuations on its business
and operating results.</i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company has business operations in Taiwan
and collaborative activities in the U.S. and Japan. Substantial amounts of revenues are received and expenses are incurred in New Taiwan
Dollars and U.S. dollars. Thus, the Company has exposure to currency fluctuations. The Company cannot assure you that the effect of currency
exchange fluctuations will not materially affect its revenues and net income in the future.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>We conduct our operations internationally
and the effect of business, legal and political risks associated with international operations may seriously harm our business.</i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">The Company generated no revenues during the
quarter ended March 31, 2025. Sales to customers outside the United States accounted for 100% and 93% for the years ended December 31,
2024 and 2023, respectively. Our international sales and operations are subject to a wide range of risks, which may vary from country
to country or region to region. These risks include the following:</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr>
    <td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr>
    <td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr>
    <td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr>
    <td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr>
    <td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr>
    <td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr>
    <td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We cannot assure you that risks relating to our
international operations will not seriously harm our business.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>If the Company becomes directly subject
to the recent scrutiny, criticism and negative publicity involving U.S.-listed Chinese companies, we may have to expend significant resources
to investigate and resolve the matters. Any unfavorable results from the investigations could harm our business operations, this offering
and our reputation.</i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Recently, U.S. public companies that have substantially
all of their operations in China, have been subjects of intense scrutiny, criticism and negative publicity by investors, financial commentators
and regulatory agencies, such as the SEC. Much of the scrutiny, criticism and negative publicity has centered on financial and accounting
irregularities, lack of effective internal control over financial accountings, inadequate corporate governance and ineffective implementation
thereof and, in many cases, allegations of fraud. As a result of enhanced scrutiny, criticism and negative publicity, the publicly traded
stocks of many U.S. listed Chinese companies have sharply decreased in value and, in some cases, have become virtually worthless or illiquid.
Many of these companies are now subject to shareholder lawsuits and SEC enforcement actions and are conducting internal and external investigations
into the allegations. It is not clear what effects the sector-wide investigations will have on the Company. If the Company becomes a subject
of any unfavorable allegations, whether such allegations are proven to be true or untrue, the Company will have to expend significant
resources to investigate such allegations and defend the Company. If such allegations were not proven to be baseless, the Company would
be severely hampered and the price of the stock of the Company could decline substantially. If such allegations were proven to be groundless,
the investigation might have significantly distracted the attention of the Company&#8217;s management.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Risks Related to the Company&#8217;s Financial
Condition</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>Our existing indebtedness may adversely
affect our ability to obtain additional funds and may increase our vulnerability to economic or business downturns. </i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">We are subject to a number of risks associated
with our indebtedness, including: 1) we must dedicate a portion of our cash flows from operations to pay debt service costs, and therefore
we have less funds available for operations and other purposes; 2) it may be more difficult and expensive to obtain additional funds
through financings, if available at all; 3) we are more vulnerable to economic downturns and fluctuations in interest rates, less able
to withstand competitive pressures and less flexible in reacting to changes in our industry and general economic conditions; and 4) if
we default under any of our existing credit facilities or if our creditors demand payment of a portion or all of our indebtedness, we
may not have sufficient funds to make such payments. As of March 31, 2025, the Company&#8217;s working capital deficit was $5.3 million,
, consisting of outstanding current liabilities were approximately $6.7 million, which consisted primarily of short-term bank loans and
accrued expenses.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>Failure to remediate a material weakness
in internal accounting controls could result in material misstatements in our financial statements.</i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">Our management has identified a material weakness
in our internal control over financial reporting related to not having sufficient and skilled accounting personnel with appropriate level
of technical accounting knowledge and experience in the application of accounting principles generally accepted in the United States
commensurate with the Company&#8217;s financial reporting requirements and has concluded that, due to such material weakness, our disclosure
controls and procedures were not effective as of March 31, 2025. Due to such material weakness, we were unable to maintain effective
disclosure controls over financial reporting, which did result in material misstatements in our financial statements and led to a restatement
of our financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2023 and the quarter ended March 31, 2024. If not remediated, or if we identify
additional material weaknesses, our failure to maintain effective internal controls could continue to adversely impact our ability to
meet our reporting and financial obligations and could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and the trading price
of our common stock.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b style="-keep: true"><i>Failure to maintain the effectiveness
of our disclosure controls and procedures has led to a misstatement in our financial statements and a restatement. If we do not remediate
the identified material weakness and continue to lack effective internal controls, we may be unable to prevent additional errors or misstatements
in the future, which could harm our operating results, subject us to regulatory scrutiny or sanctions, cause investors to lose confidence
in our reported financial information, and negatively impact the market price of our common stock.</i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="-keep: true">The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and the Securities and Exchange
Commission (SEC) have requirements that we may fail to meet or we may fall out of compliance with, such as the internal controls auditor
attestation required under Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, with which we are not currently required to comply as we are
a smaller reporting company. If we fail to achieve and maintain the adequacy of our internal controls, as such standards are modified,
supplemented or amended from time to time, we may not be able to ensure that we can conclude on an ongoing basis that we have effective
internal controls over financial reporting in accordance with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. Moreover, effective internal
controls, particularly those related to revenue recognition, are necessary for us to produce reliable financial reports and are important
to help prevent financial fraud. If we cannot provide reliable financial reports or prevent fraud, our business and operating results
could be harmed, investors could lose confidence in our reported financial information, and the trading price of our stock could drop
significantly.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>Our articles of incorporation allow for
our board to create new series of preferred stock without further approval by our shareholders, which could adversely affect the rights
of the holders of our Common Stock. </i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Our Board of Directors has the authority to fix
and determine the relative rights and preferences of preferred stock without shareholder approval. As a result, our Board of Directors
could authorize the issuance of a series of preferred stock that would grant to holders the preferred right to our assets upon liquidation,
the right to receive dividend payments before dividends are distributed to the holders of Common Stock and the right to the redemption
of the shares, together with a premium, prior to the redemption of our Common Stock. In addition, our Board of Directors could authorize
the issuance of a series of preferred stock that has greater voting power than our Common Stock or that is convertible into our Common
Stock, which could decrease the relative voting power of our Common Stock or result in dilution to our existing shareholders.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We may create any additional series of preferred
stock and issue such shares in the future although we do not have any present intention of doing so.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>We may not be able to secure financing needed
for future operating needs on acceptable terms, or on any terms at all.</i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">From time to time, we may seek additional financing
to provide the capital required to expand our production facilities, Research and development (&#8220;R&amp;D&#8221;) initiatives and/or
working capital, as well as to repay outstanding loans if cash flow from operations is insufficient to do so. We cannot predict with certainty
the timing or amount of any such capital requirements. If such financing is not available on satisfactory terms, we may be unable to expand
our business or to develop new business at the rate desired. If we are able to incur debt, we may be subject to certain restrictions imposed
by the terms of the debt and the repayment of such debt may limit our cash flow and growth. If we are unable to incur debt, we may be
forced to issue additional equity, which could have a dilutive effect on our current shareholders.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>Our internal computer systems, or those
of our third-party contractors or consultants, may fail or suffer security breaches, which could result in a material disruption of our
product development programs. </i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Despite the implementation of security measures,
our internal computer systems and those of our third-party contractors and consultants are vulnerable to damage from computer viruses,
unauthorized access, natural disasters, terrorism, war and telecommunication and electrical failures. While we do not believe that we
have experienced any such system failure, accident, or security breach to date, if such an event were to occur and cause interruptions
in our operations, it could result in a loss of clinical trial data for our new drug candidates which could result in delays in our regulatory
approval efforts and significantly increase our costs to recover or reproduce the data. To the extent that any disruption or security
breach results in a loss of or damage to our data or applications or other data or applications relating to our technology or new drug
candidates, or inappropriate disclosure of confidential or proprietary information, we could incur liabilities and the further development
of our product candidates could be delayed.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>The elimination of personal liability against
our directors and officers under Nevada law and the existence of indemnification rights held by our directors, officers and employees
may result in substantial expenses. </i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">ABVC Bylaws eliminate the personal liability of
our directors and officers to us and our shareholders for damages for breach of fiduciary duty as a director or officer to the extent
permissible under Nevada law. Further, our Bylaws provide that we are obligated to indemnify each of our directors or officers to the
fullest extent authorized by Nevada law and, subject to certain conditions, advance the expenses incurred by any director or officer in
defending any action, suit or proceeding prior to its final disposition. Those indemnification obligations could expose us to substantial
expenditures to cover the cost of settlement or damage awards against our directors or officers, which we may be unable to afford. Further,
those provisions and resulting costs may discourage us or our shareholders from bringing a lawsuit against any of our current or former
directors or officers for breaches of their fiduciary duties, even if such actions might otherwise benefit our shareholders.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Risks Related to the Company&#8217;s Common
Stock</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>The share price of our Common Stock is volatile
and may be influenced by numerous factors, some of which are beyond our control. </i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">There is currently only a limited public market
for our Common Stock, which is listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market, and there can be no assurance that a trading market will develop further
or be maintained for our Common Stock in the future. The trading price of our Common Stock is likely to be highly volatile, and could
be subject to wide fluctuations in response to various factors, some of which are beyond our control. In addition to the factors discussed
in this &#8220;Risk Factors&#8221; section and elsewhere herein, these factors include:</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
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    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">failure to meet or exceed the estimates and projections of the investment community;</span></td></tr>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
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    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">other events or factors, many of which are beyond our control.</span></td></tr>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In addition, the stock market in general, and
the stocks of small-cap healthcare, biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies in particular, have experienced extreme price and volume
fluctuations that have often been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of these companies. Broad market and industry
factors may negatively affect the market price of our Common Stock, regardless of our actual operating performance. The realization of
any of the above risks or any of a broad range of other risks, including those described in these &#8220;Risk Factors,&#8221; could have
a dramatic and material adverse impact on the market price of our Common Stock.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>Insiders have substantial control over us,
and they could delay or prevent a change in our corporate control even if our other shareholders wanted it to occur.</i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">As of the date hereof, our executive officers,
directors, and principal shareholders own, in the aggregate, approximately 32.3% of our outstanding Common Stock. As a result of their
stockholdings, these shareholders are able to assert substantial control over matters requiring shareholder approval, including the election
of directors and approval of significant corporate transactions. This could delay or prevent an outside party from acquiring or merging
with us even if our other shareholders wanted it to occur.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>The market price of our Common Stock may
be volatile</i> and <i>there may not be sufficient liquidity in the market for our securities in order for investors to sell their securities.</i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The market price of our Common Stock has been
and will likely continue to be highly volatile, as is the stock market in general. Factors that may materially affect the market price
of our Common Stock are beyond our control, these factors may materially adversely affect the market price of our Common Stock, regardless
of our performance. In addition, the public stock markets have experienced extreme price and trading volume volatility. These broad market
fluctuations may influence the market price of our Common Stock. There is currently only a limited public market for our Common Stock,
which is listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market, and there can be no assurance that a trading market will develop further or be maintained
in the future.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The stock markets have experienced extreme price
and volume fluctuations that have affected and continue to affect the market prices of equity securities of many companies, including
very recently in connection with the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, which has resulted in decreased stock prices for many companies notwithstanding
the lack of a fundamental change in their underlying business models or prospects. These fluctuations have often been unrelated or disproportionate
to the operating performance of those companies. Broad market and industry factors, including potentially worsening economic conditions
and other adverse effects or developments relating to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, political, regulatory and other market conditions,
may negatively affect the market price of shares of our common stock, regardless of our actual operating performance. The market price
of shares of our common stock may decline and you may lose some or all of your investment.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>We have not paid dividends in the past and
do not expect to pay dividends in the future, and any return on investment may be limited to the value of our shares.</i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We have never paid any cash dividends on our Common
Stock and do not anticipate paying any cash dividends in the foreseeable future, and any return on investment may be limited to the value
of our Common Stock. We plan to retain any future earnings to finance growth.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Under applicable Nevada law, we, as a Nevada corporation,
generally may not make a distribution if i) we would not be able to pay our debts as they become due in the usual course of business,
or ii) our total assets would be less than the sum of our total liabilities plus the amount that would be needed, if we were to be dissolved
at the time of distribution, to satisfy the preferential rights upon dissolution of shareholders whose preferential rights are superior
to those receiving the distribution.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>If securities or industry analysts do not
publish research or publish inaccurate or unfavorable research about our business, our stock price and any trading volume could decline.</i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Any trading market for our Common Stock that may
develop will depend in part on the research and reports that securities or industry analysts publish about us or our business. As of the
date hereof, there is only 1 publish research report about our business. If securities or industry analysts provide additional coverage,
and one or more of those analysts downgrade our stock or publish inaccurate or unfavorable research about our business, our stock price
would likely decline. If one or more of these analysts cease coverage of our company or fail to publish reports on us regularly, demand
for our Common Stock could decrease, which might cause our stock price and any trading volume to decline.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>Future sales and issuances of our Common
Stock or rights to purchase Common Stock, including pursuant to our equity incentive plan or otherwise, could result in dilution of the
percentage ownership of our shareholders and could cause our stock price to fall. </i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We expect that we will need significant additional
capital in the future to continue our planned operations. To raise capital, we may sell Common Stock, convertible securities or other
equity securities in one or more transactions at prices and in a manner we determine from time to time. If we sell Common Stock, convertible
securities or other equity securities in more than one transaction, including issuance of equity securities pursuant to any future stock
incentive plan to our officers, directors, employees and non-employee consultants for their services to us, investors in a prior transaction
may be materially diluted by subsequent sales. Additionally, any such sales may result in material dilution to our existing shareholders,
and new investors could gain rights, preferences and privileges senior to those of holders of our Common Stock. Further, any future sales
of our Common Stock by us or resales of our Common Stock by our existing shareholders could cause the market price of our Common Stock
to decline. Any future grants of options, warrants or other securities exercisable or convertible into our Common Stock, or the exercise
or conversion of such shares, and any sales of such shares in the market, could have an adverse effect on the market price of our Common
Stock. On October 29, 2021, we filed a registration statement on Form S-3, as amended on November 16, 2021, which was declared effective
on November 29, 2021. On May 11, 2022, we agreed to issue 2,000,000 shares of Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share, at a price of
$2.11 per share and 5-year warrants to purchase up to 2,000,000 shares of Common Stock, exercisable at a price of $2.45 per share pursuant
to certain securities purchase agreement dated May 11, 2022, which was effected as a takedown off the Company&#8217;s shelf registration
statement on Form S-3, as amended. We also issued the co-placement agents warrants to purchase up to 160,000 shares of Common Stock, on
the same terms as the investors warrants in connection with the transaction. We may issue shares of Common Stock through the Form S-3
in the future, which would further dilute your ownership.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>Our Common Stock may be subject to the &#8220;penny
stock&#8221; rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission, which may make it more difficult for shareholders to sell our Common Stock.</i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The SEC has adopted Rule 15g-9 which establishes
the definition of a &#8220;penny stock,&#8221; for the purposes relevant to us, as any equity security that has a market price of less
than $5.00 per share, subject to certain exceptions. For any transaction involving a penny stock, unless exempt, the rules require that
a broker or dealer approve a person&#8217;s account for transactions in penny stocks, and the broker or dealer receive from the investor
a written agreement to the transaction, setting forth the identity and quantity of the penny stock to be purchased.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In order to approve a person&#8217;s account for
transactions in penny stocks, the broker or dealer must obtain financial information and investment experience objectives of the person,
and make a reasonable determination that the transactions in penny stocks are suitable for that person and the person has sufficient knowledge
and experience in financial matters to be capable of evaluating the risks of transactions in penny stocks.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The broker or dealer must also deliver, prior
to any transaction in a penny stock, a disclosure schedule prescribed by the SEC relating to the penny stock market, which, in highlight
form sets forth the basis on which the broker or dealer made the suitability determination, and that the broker or dealer received a signed,
written agreement from the investor prior to the transaction.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Generally, brokers may be less willing to execute
transactions in securities subject to the &#8220;penny stock&#8221; rules. This may make it more difficult for investors to dispose of
the Company&#8217;s Common Stock if and when such shares are eligible for sale and may cause a decline in the market value of its stock.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Disclosure also has to be made about the risks
of investing in penny stocks in both public offerings and in secondary trading and about the commissions payable to both the broker-dealer
and the registered representative, current quotations for the securities and the rights and remedies available to an investor in cases
of fraud in penny stock transactions. Finally, monthly statements have to be sent disclosing recent price information for the penny stock
held in the account and information on the limited market in penny stock.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>Our failure to meet the continued listing
requirements of the Nasdaq Capital Market could result in a delisting of our Common Stock</i>.</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">If we fail to satisfy the continued listing requirements
of the Nasdaq Capital Market, such as the corporate governance requirements or the minimum closing bid price requirement, the Nasdaq Capital
Market may take steps to delist our common stock. Such a delisting would likely have a negative effect on the price of our common stock
and would impair your ability to sell or purchase our common stock when you wish to do so.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On August 19, 2022, we received a deficiency letter
from the Nasdaq Listing Qualifications Department (the &#8220;Staff&#8221;) of the Nasdaq Stock Market LLC (&#8220;Nasdaq&#8221;) notifying
us that, for the last 30 consecutive business days, the closing bid price for our common stock was below the minimum $1.00 per share required
for continued listing on The Nasdaq Capital Market pursuant to Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(a)(2) (&#8220;Rule 5550(a)(2)&#8221;). Under the
Nasdaq Listing Rules, we have until February 14, 2023 to regain compliance. Since we did not regain compliance by such date, we requested
and received an additional 180 days, until August 14, 2023, to comply with Rule 5550(a)(2).</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On May 24, 2023, the Company received a deficiency
letter from the Nasdaq Listing Qualifications Department (the &#8220;Staff&#8221;) of the Nasdaq Stock Market LLC (&#8220;Nasdaq&#8221;)
notifying the Company that it is not currently in compliance with the minimum stockholders&#8217; equity requirement, or the alternatives
of market value of listed securities or net income from continuing operations, for continued listing on the Nasdaq Capital Market. Nasdaq
Listing Rule 5550(b)(1) requires listed companies to maintain stockholders&#8217; equity of at least $2,500,000, and the Company&#8217;s
stockholders&#8217; equity was $1,734,507 as of March 31, 2023. In accordance with Nasdaq rules, the Company had 45 calendar days, or
until July 10, 2023, to submit a plan to regain compliance.&#160;After submitting a plan to regain compliance, on July 10, 2023,Nasdaq
granted the Company an extension until August 30, 20203, to comply with Listing Rule 5550(b)(1).&#160;On July 31, 2023, the Company issued
300,000 shares of Common Stock and 200,000 pre-funded warrants, at an exercise price of $0.01 per share, in a registered direct offering.
Pursuant to this transaction, the stockholders&#8217; equity was increased by $1.75M. On August 1, 2023, $500,000 of Notes were converted
at $3.50 per share and the holder received 142,857 shares of Common Stock. As a result of this conversion, the stockholders&#8217; equity
was increased by $0.5M. Additionally, on August 14, 2023, the Company entered into a cooperation agreement with Zhonghui United Technology
(Chengdu) Group Co., Ltd., pursuant to which the Company acquired a 20% ownership of certain property and a parcel of the land owned by
Zhonghui in exchange for an aggregate of 370,000 shares of Common Stock. Accordingly, stockholders&#8217; equity increased by $7.4M. On
February 23, 2023, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement with Lind, pursuant to which the Company issued Lind a secured,
convertible note in the principal amount of $3,704,167 (the &#8220;Lind Offering&#8221;), for a purchase price of $3,175,000 (the &#8220;Lind
Note&#8221;), that is convertible into shares of Common Stock at an initial conversion price of $1.05 per share, subject to adjustment.&#160;On
August 24, 2023, the Company started repaying Lind the monthly installments due under the Lind Notes; $308,000 was repaid via the issuance
of 176,678 shares of Common Stock (the &#8220;Monthly Shares&#8221;) at the Redemption Share Price (as defined in the Lind Note) of $1.698
per share. Pursuant to the terms of the Lind Note, Lind increased the amount of the next monthly payment to one million dollars, such
that as of September and together with the Monthly Shares, the Company repaid Lind a total of $1M by September 2023. As a result, the
stockholders&#8217; equity increased by an additional $1M. As a result of the four transactions referenced above, the Company&#8217; estimated
that its stockholders&#8217; equity would increase by approximately $10.65M. On September 6, 2023, Nasdaq issued a letter that the Company
is in compliance with Rule 5550(b)(1), but noted that if at the time of the Company&#8217;s next periodic report the Company does not
evidence compliance, it may be subject to delisting.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">On July 10, 2024, we received a notification
letter from the Nasdaq notifying the Company that the minimum bid price per share for its common shares has been below $1.00 for a period
of 30 consecutive business days and the Company therefore no longer meets the minimum bid price requirements set forth in Nasdaq Listing
Rule 5550(a)(2). The notification received has no immediate effect on the listing of the Company&#8217;s common stock on Nasdaq. Under
the Nasdaq Listing Rules, the Company has until January 6, 2025, to regain compliance. On January 9, 2025, the Company received a notification
from Nasdaq granting the Company an additional 180 days, until July 7, 2025, to meet the minimum bid price requirement of $1.00 per share,
as outlined in Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(a)(2) (the &#8220;Rule&#8221;). To satisfy the Rule, the Company&#8217;s common stock must achieve
a closing bid price of at least $1.00 for a minimum of ten consecutive trading days within this extension period; if successful, Nasdaq
will confirm compliance with the Rule and close this matter. If compliance is not achieved by the new deadline, Nasdaq may initiate delisting
procedures, which the Company would have the right to appeal.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">On April 24, 2025, we received a letter from
the listing qualifications staff (the &#8220;Staff&#8221;) of Nasdaq informing us that, as reported in our Annual Report on Form 10-K
for the year ended December 31, 2024, because our <i>stockholders&#8217; equity</i> was $723,959, as of April 23, 2025, we did not meet
the alternatives of market value of listed securities or net income from continuing operations, and we no longer comply with Listing
Rule 5550(b)(1) (the &#8220;Rule 5550&#8221;).</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">We have 45 calendar days to submit a plan
to the Staff to regain compliance. If our plan is accepted, we may be granted an extension of up to 180 calendar days from the date of
the letter, or until October 21, 2025, to evidence compliance.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">In determining whether to accept our plan,
the Staff will consider such things as the likelihood that the plan will result in compliance with Nasdaq&#8217;s continued listing criteria,
our past compliance history, the reasons for our current non-compliance, other corporate events that may occur within our review period,
our overall financial condition, and our public disclosures. If the Staff does not accept our plan, we will have the opportunity to appeal
that decision to a Hearings Panel.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">The Nasdaq notification has no immediate effect
on the listing of our Common Stock on the Nasdaq Capital Market. We intend to actively monitor our <i>stockholders&#8217; equity</i>
and will consider options available to us to achieve compliance with Rule 5550. There can be no assurance that we will be able to regain
compliance with the Listing Rule or will otherwise be in compliance with the other listing standards for the Nasdaq Capital Market.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">If our Common Stock ultimately were to be
delisted for any reason, it could negatively impact us by (i) reducing the liquidity and market price of our Common Stock; (ii) reducing
the number of investors willing to hold or acquire our Common Stock; (ii) limiting our ability to use a registration statement to offer
and sell freely tradable securities, thereby preventing us from accessing the public capital markets; and (iv) impairing our ability
to provide equity incentives to our employees.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">On April 30, 2025, the Company reported that
it received a letter from the listing qualifications staff (the &#8220;Staff&#8221;) of Nasdaq informing it that, as reported in its
Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, because its stockholders&#8217; equity was $723,959, as of April 23,
2025, the Company did not meet the alternatives of market value of listed securities or net income from continuing operations, and it
no longer comply with Listing Rule 5550(b)(1) (the &#8220;Listing Rule&#8221;).</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-keep: true">On May 5, 2025, the Company received a notification letter (the
&#8220;Notification Letter&#8221;) from Nasdaq notifying the Company that the Staff has determined that based on the Company&#8217;s
Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2025, which evidenced stockholders&#8217; equity of $7,956,295, the Company
complies with the Listing Rule and the matter is closed.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">If our common stock were delisted from the Nasdaq,
trading of our common stock would most likely take place on an over-the-counter market established for unlisted securities, such as the
OTCQB or the Pink Market maintained by OTC Markets Group Inc. An investor would likely find it less convenient to sell, or to obtain accurate
quotations in seeking to buy, our common stock on an over-the-counter market, and many investors would likely not buy or sell our common
stock due to difficulty in accessing over-the-counter markets, policies preventing them from trading in securities not listed on a national
exchange or other reasons. In addition, as a delisted security, our common stock would be subject to SEC rules as a &#8220;penny stock,&#8221;
which impose additional disclosure requirements on broker-dealers. The regulations relating to penny stocks, coupled with the typically
higher cost per trade to the investor of penny stocks due to factors such as broker commissions generally representing a higher percentage
of the price of a penny stock than of a higher-priced stock, would further limit the ability of investors to trade in our common stock.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In the event of a delisting, we anticipate that
we would take actions to restore our compliance with the Nasdaq Capital Market or another national exchange&#8217;s listing requirements,
but we can provide no assurance that any such action taken by us would allow our Common Stock to remain listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market,
stabilize our market price, improve the liquidity of our common stock, prevent our common stock from dropping below the Nasdaq Capital
Market&#8217;s minimum bid price requirement, or prevent future non-compliance with the Nasdaq Capital Market or another national exchange&#8217;s
listing requirements.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>We will continue to incur significant increased
costs as a result of operating as a public company, and our management will be required to devote substantial time to new compliance requirements
as a result of our Common Stock being listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market.</i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We will continue to incur significant increased
costs as a result of operating as a public company, and our management will be required to devote substantial time to new compliance requirements
of the Nasdaq Capital Market. As a public company, we will continue to incur significant legal, accounting and other expenses. We are
subject to mandatory reporting requirements of the Exchange Act, which require, among other things, that we continue to file with the
SEC annual, quarterly and current reports with respect to our business and financial condition, that we were not required to file as a
voluntary reporting company (though we did file such reports with the SEC on a voluntary basis). We have incurred and will continue to
incur costs associated with the preparation and filing of these SEC reports. Furthermore, we are subject to mandatory new corporate governance
and other compliance requirements of the Nasdaq Capital Market. In addition, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, as well as rules subsequently implemented
by the SEC, the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act and the Nasdaq Capital Market or another national exchange have
imposed various other requirements on public companies. Stockholder activism, the current political environment and the current high level
of government intervention and regulatory reform may lead to substantial new regulations and disclosure obligations, which may lead to
additional compliance costs and impact (in ways we cannot currently anticipate) the way we operate our business. Our management and other
personnel will need to devote a substantial amount of time to these compliance initiatives. Moreover, these rules and regulations have
and will continue to increase our legal and financial compliance costs and will make some activities more time-consuming and costly.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In addition, if and when we cease to be a smaller
reporting company and become subject to Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, we will be required to furnish an attestation report
on internal control over financial reporting issued by our independent registered public accounting firm. To achieve compliance with Section
404 within the prescribed time period, we will continue to be engaged in a process to document and evaluate our internal control over
financial reporting, which is both costly and challenging. In this regard, we will need to dedicate substantially greater internal resources,
potentially engage outside consultants and adopt a detailed work plan to assess and document the adequacy of internal control over financial
reporting, continue steps to improve control processes as appropriate, validate through testing that controls are functioning as documented
and implement a continuous reporting and improvement process for internal control over financial reporting. Despite our efforts, there
is a risk that our independent registered public accounting firm, when required, will not be able to conclude within the prescribed timeframe
that our internal control over financial reporting is effective as required by Section 404. This could result in an adverse reaction in
the financial markets due to a loss of confidence in the reliability of our financial statements.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p><div>

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</div><div><a id="s_006"></a></div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">This prospectus contains forward-looking statements
that involve risks and uncertainties, including statements based on our current expectations, assumptions, estimates and projections about
us, our industry and the regulatory environment in which we and companies integral to our ecosystem operate. The forward-looking statements
are contained principally in the sections entitled &#8220;Prospectus Summary,&#8221; &#8220;Risk Factors,&#8221; &#8220;Use of Proceeds,&#8221;
&#8220;Management&#8217;s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations&#8221; and &#8220;Business.&#8221;
These statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, performance or achievements
to be materially different from those expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. In some cases, these forward-looking statements
can be identified by words or phrases such as &#8220;may,&#8221; &#8220;will,&#8221; &#8220;expect,&#8221; &#8220;anticipate,&#8221; &#8220;aim,&#8221;
&#8220;estimate,&#8221; &#8220;intend,&#8221; &#8220;plan,&#8221; &#8220;believe,&#8221; &#8220;potential,&#8221; &#8220;continue,&#8221;
&#8220;is/are likely to&#8221; or other similar expressions. The forward-looking statements included in this prospectus relate to, among
others:</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">risks and uncertainties associated with our research and development activities, including our clinical trials and preclinical studies;</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
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</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We caution you that the forward-looking statements
highlighted above do not encompass all of the forward-looking statements made in this prospectus or in the documents incorporated by reference
in this prospectus.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">There are important factors that could cause
actual results to vary materially from those described herein as anticipated, estimated or expected, including, but not limited to: the
effects of the COVID-19 outbreak, including on the demand for our products&#894; the duration of the COVID-19 outbreak and severity of
such outbreak in regions where we operate&#894; the pace of recovery following the COVID-19 outbreak&#894; our ability to implement cost
containment and business recovery strategies&#894; the adverse effects of the COVID-19 outbreak on our business or the market price of
our common stock; competition in the industry in which we operate and the impact of such competition on pricing, revenues and margins,
volatility in the securities market due to the general economic downturn; SEC regulations which affect trading in the securities of &#8220;penny
stocks,&#8221; and other risks and uncertainties described herein and the risk factors set forth in Part I - Item 1A, &#8220;Risk Factors&#8221;,
in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, as filed with the SEC on April 15, 2025, and elsewhere in the
documents incorporated by reference into this prospectus. Moreover, we operate in a very competitive and challenging environment. New
risks and uncertainties emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for us to predict all risks and uncertainties that could have
an impact on the forward-looking statements contained in this prospectus and in the documents incorporated by reference in this prospectus.
We cannot assure you that the results, events and circumstances reflected in the forward-looking statements will be achieved or occur,
and actual results, events or circumstances could differ materially from those described in the forward-looking statements. Except as
required by law, we assume no obligation to update any forward-looking statements publicly, or to update the reasons actual results could
differ materially from those anticipated in any forward- looking statements, even if new information becomes available in the future.
Depending on the market for our stock and other conditional tests, a specific safe harbor under the Private Securities Litigation Reform
Act of 1995 may be available. Notwithstanding the above, Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the &#8220;Securities
Act&#8221;) and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the &#8220;Exchange Act&#8221;) expressly state that
the safe harbor for forward-looking statements does not apply to companies that issue penny stock. Because we may from time to time be
considered to be an issuer of penny stock, the safe harbor for forward-looking statements may not apply to us at certain times.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The forward-looking statements contained in this
prospectus and in the documents incorporated by reference in this prospectus relate only to events as of the date on which the statements
are made. We do not undertake any obligation to release publicly any revisions to such forward-looking statements to reflect events or
circumstances after the date of this prospectus or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events. We may not actually achieve the
plans, intentions or expectations disclosed in our forward-looking statements and you should not place undue reliance on our forward-looking
statements. Our forward-looking statements do not reflect the potential impact of any future acquisitions, mergers, dispositions, joint
ventures, other strategic transactions or investments we may make.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><div><a id="s_007"></a></div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>USE OF PROCEEDS</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We will not receive any proceeds from the sale
of the shares of Common Stock by the selling stockholders pursuant to this prospectus. All proceeds from the sale of the shares will be
for the account of the selling stockholder. The selling stockholder may sell these shares in the open market or otherwise, at market prices
prevailing at the time of sale, at prices related to the prevailing market price, or at negotiated prices.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The selling stockholder will pay any underwriting
discounts and commissions and expenses incurred by the selling stockholder for brokerage or legal services or any other expenses incurred
by the selling stockholder in disposing of the shares included in this prospectus. We will bear all other costs, fees and expenses incurred
in effecting the registration of the shares covered by this prospectus, including all registration and filing fees and fees and expenses
of our counsel and accountants.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><div><a id="s_008"></a></div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>DETERMINATION OF OFFERING PRICE</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The selling stockholders may sell these shares
in the over-the-counter market or otherwise, at market prices prevailing at the time of sale, at prices related to the prevailing market
price, or at negotiated prices. We will not receive any proceeds from the sale of shares by the selling stockholders.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p><div>

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    </div><div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div><div>
    </div><!-- Field: /Page --><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><div><a id="s_009"></a></div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>MANAGEMENT&#8217;S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF
FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><i>The following discussion and analysis should
be read together with our financial statements and the related notes appearing elsewhere in this prospectus. This discussion contains
forward-looking statements reflecting our current expectations that involve risks and uncertainties. See &#8220;Cautionary Note Regarding
Forward-Looking Statements and Industry Data&#8221; for a discussion of the uncertainties, risks and assumptions associated with these
statements. Actual results and the timing of events could differ materially from those discussed in our forward-looking statements as
a result of many factors, including those set forth under &#8220;Risk Factors&#8221; and elsewhere in this prospectus.</i></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>Overview</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">From its inception, the Company has not generated
substantial revenue from its medical device and new drug development. For the quarter ended March 31, 2025, the Company did not generate
any revenue.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Business Overview</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">ABVC BioPharma Inc., which was incorporated under
the laws of the State of Nevada on February 6, 2002, is a clinical stage biopharmaceutical company focused on development of new drugs
and medical devices, all of which are derived from plants.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Medicines derived from plants have a long history
of relieving or preventing many diseases and, typically, have exhibited fewer side effects than drugs developed from animals or chemical
ingredients. Perhaps the most famous example is aspirin, which evolved from a compound found in the bark and leaves of the willow tree
and was later marketed by Bayer starting in 1899. Aspirin has very few serious side effects and has proven to be one of the most successful
drugs in medical history. Some 50 years later, scientists identified anticancer compounds in the rosy periwinkle, which Eli Lilly subsequently
produced for the treatment of leukemia and Hodgkins disease. Other well-known examples of successful botanical drugs include the cancer-fighting
Taxol, isolated from the Pacific yew tree.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company develops its pipeline by carefully
tracking new medical discoveries or medical device technologies in research institutions in the Asia-Pacific region. Pre-clinical, disease
animal model and Phase I safety studies are examined closely by the Company&#8217;s scientists and other specialists known to the Company
to identify drugs that it believes demonstrate efficacy and safety based on the Company&#8217;s internal qualifications. Once a drug is
shown to be a good candidate for further development and ultimately commercialization, BriVision licenses the drug or medical device from
the original researchers and begins to introduce the drugs clinical plan to highly respected principal investigators in the United States,
Australia and Taiwan. In almost all cases, we have found that research institutions in each of those countries are eager to work with
the Company to move forward with Phase II clinical trials.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Currently, institutions conducting phase II clinical trials in partnership
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
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  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Upon successful completion of the Phase II trial,
the Company will seek a partner - a large pharmaceutical company - to complete a Phase III study, submit the New Drug Application (NDA),
and commercialize the drug upon approval by the FDA and Taiwan FDAs.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Another part of the Company&#8217;s business is
conducted by BioKey, a wholly owned subsidiary, that is engaged in a wide range of services, including, API characterization, pre-formulation
studies, formulation development, analytical method development, stability studies, IND/NDA/ANDA/510K submissions, and manufacturing clinical
trial materials (phase I through phase III) and commercial manufacturing.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On June 21, 2023, Dr. Howard Doong resigned from
his position as the Company&#8217;s CEO. The Company&#8217;s board of directors appointed Dr. Uttam Patil to replace Dr. Doong as the
Company&#8217;s CEO.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">On August 14, 2023, the Company entered into
a cooperation agreement with Zhonghui United Technology (Chengdu) Group Co., Ltd., pursuant to which the Company acquired a 20% ownership
of certain property and a parcel of the land (collectively, the &#8220;Property&#8221;) owned by Zhonghui in exchange for an aggregate
of 370,000 shares of Common Stock at $1.87 per share (the &#8220;Zhonghui Shares&#8221;).</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company and Zhonghui plan to jointly develop
the Property into a healthcare center for senior living, long-term care, and medical care in the areas of ABVCs&#8217; special interests,
such as Ophthalmology, Oncology, and Central Nervous Systems. The plan is to establish a base for the China market and global development
of these interests. The asset ownership certification is in the application process and pending approval from the Chinese government.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">During the third quarter of 2023, the Company
issued the Zhonghui Shares. The Zhonghui Shares are subject to a lock-up period of one year following the closing date of this Transaction.
In addition, the parties agreed that, after one year following the closing of the transaction, if the market value of the shares issued
or the value of the Property increase or decrease, the parties will negotiate in good faith to make reasonable adjustments thereto; provided,
however that in no event shall Zhonghui&#8217;s ownership exceed 19.99% of the Company.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On July 31, 2023, the Company entered into a binding
term sheet with Xinnovation Therapeutics Co., Ltd., a Company incorporated under the Law of People&#8217;s Republic of China. The term
sheet contemplates that, pursuant to definitive agreements, Xinnovation will be granted an exclusive license to develop, manufacture,
market, and distribute ABV-1504 for Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and ABV-1505 for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, in the
Chinese market and shall bear the costs for clinical trials and product registration in China and the Company would receive an initial
license fee and royalty payments ranging from 5% to 12% based on the projected annual net sales of the licensed drugs by Xinnovation in
China. This transaction remains subject to the negotiation of definitive documents and therefore there is no guarantee that this transaction
will occur.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">In November 2023, the Company and one of its
subsidiaries, BioLite, Inc. (&#8220;BioLite&#8221;) each entered into a multi-year, global licensing agreement with AiBtl for the Company
and BioLite&#8217;s CNS drugs with the indications of MDD (Major Depressive Disorder) and ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder)
(the &#8220;Licensed Products&#8221;). The potential license will cover the Licensed Products&#8217; clinical trial, registration, manufacturing,
supply, and distribution rights. The Licensed Products for MDD and ADHD, owned by ABVC and BioLite, were valued at $667 million by a
third-party evaluation. The parties are determined to collaborate on the global development of the Licensed Products. The parties are
also working to strengthen new drug development and business collaboration, including technology, interoperability, and standards development.
As per each of the respective agreements, each of ABVC and BioLite received 23 million shares of AiBtl stock at $10 per share, and if
certain milestones are met, each of ABVC and BioLite may receive $3,500,000 and royalties equaling 5% of net sales, up to $100 million.
Upon the issuance of the shares, AiBtl became a subsidiary of ABVC. On June 23, 2024, the Company and BioLite, each entered into an amendment
to the licensing agreement with AiBtl, pursuant to which the Company and BioLite have agreed to allow AiBtl to pay the second milestone
payment in the amount of $3,500,000 per licensing agreement, incrementally (such as $50,000), at any given time, rather than in one lump
sum.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">On February 6, 2024, the Company entered into
a definitive agreement with Shuling Jiang (&#8220;Shuling&#8221;), pursuant to which Shuling shall transfer the ownership of certain
land she owns located at Taoyuan City, Taiwan (the &#8220;Shuling Land&#8221;) to the Company (the &#8220;Agreement&#8221;). Shuling
is a director of the Company and owns approximately 15.4% of the Company&#8217;s issued and outstanding shares of common stock. On May
16, 2024, the Company&#8217;s board of directors determined that it was in the best interest of the Company and its shareholders to terminate
the Agreement and not proceed with the transfer of land ownership. The shares originally issued were returned and the warrants were not
issued. The parties are now re-negotiating the terms of the Company&#8217;s purchase of the Shuling Land, but will not enter into a definitive
agreement unless and until shareholder approval of the proposed compensation is obtained.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">On March 25, 2024, the Company, and one of
its co-development partners, BioFirst Corporation, a company registered in Taiwan (&#8220;BioFirst&#8221;), each entered into a twenty-year,
global definitive licensing agreement (the &#8220;Licensing Agreement&#8221;) with ForSeeCon Eye Corporation, a company registered in
the British Virgin Islands (&#8220;FEYE&#8221;) for the products in the Company and BioFirst&#8217;s Ophthalmology pipeline, including
Vitargus (the &#8220;Licensed Products&#8221;). The license covers the Licensed Products&#8217; clinical trial, registration, manufacturing,
supply, and distribution rights; FEYE also has the rights to sublicense or partner with a third party to develop the Licensed Products.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">On April 16, 2024, the Company entered into
a definitive agreement with OncoX BioPharma, Inc., a private company registered in the British Virgin Islands (&#8220;Oncox&#8221;),
pursuant to which the Company will grant Oncox an exclusive right to develop and commercialize ABVC&#8217;s single-herb botanical drug
extract from the dry fruit body of Maitake Mushroom (Grifola Frondosa) for treatment of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (the &#8220;Licensed
Products&#8221;), within North America for 20 years (the &#8220;Oncox Agreement&#8221;). In consideration thereof, Oncox shall pay ABVC
$6,250,000 (or 1,250,000 Oncox shares valued at $5 per share1) 30 days after entering into the Oncox Agreement and $625,000 30 days following
the completion of Oncox&#8217;s next round of fundraising, of which there is no guarantee; ABVC is also entitled to 5% royalties based
on the Net Sales, as defined in the Oncox Agreement, from the first commercial sale of the Licensed Product in North America, of which
there can be no guarantee. Oncox entered into the same agreement with ABVC&#8217;s affiliate, Rgene Corporation.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">On May 8, 2024, the Company entered into a
definitive agreement with OncoX BioPharma, Inc, pursuant to which the Company will grant Oncox an exclusive right to develop and commercialize
ABVC&#8217;s BLEX 404 single-herb botanical drug extract from the dry fruit body of Maitake Mushroom (Grifola Frondosa) for treatment
of Pancreatic Cancer (the &#8220;Licensed Products&#8221;), within a certain territory, specified as 50% of the Worldwide Marketsfor
20 years (the &#8220;May 2024 Oncox Agreement&#8221;). In consideration thereof, Oncox shall pay ABVC a total of $6,250,000 (or 1,250,000
Oncox shares valued at $5 per share1) within 30 days of entering into the May 2024 Oncox Agreement, with an additional milestone payment
of $625,000 in cash after OncoX&#8217;s next round of fundraising, of which there can be no guarantee. Oncox may remit cash payments
of at least $100,000 towards the licensing fees and deductible from the second milestone payment; ABVC is also entitled to royalties
of 5% of Net Sales, as defined in the May 2024 Oncox Agreement, from the first commercial sale of the Licensed Product in the noted territory,
which remains uncertain. The Company will permit Oncox to pay the license fee in installments or in a lump sum and will allow Oncox to
use its revenue to fund such payments. Oncox entered into the same agreement with ABVC&#8217;s affiliate, Rgene Corporation.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">On May 14, 2024, the Company entered into
a definitive agreement with OncoX BioPharma, Inc, pursuant to which the Company will grant Oncox an exclusive right to develop and commercialize
ABVC&#8217;s BLEX 404 single-herb botanical drug extract from the dry fruit body of Maitake Mushroom (Grifola Frondosa) for treatment
of Tripple Negative Breast Cancer (the &#8220;Licensed Products&#8221;), within a certain territory, specified as 50% of the Worldwide
Markets for 20 years (the &#8220;Oncox Agreement&#8221;). In consideration thereof, Oncox shall pay ABVC a total of $6,250,000 (or 1,250,000
Oncox shares valued at $5 per share1) 30 days after entering into the Oncox Agreement, with an additional milestone payment of $625,000
in cash after OncoX&#8217;s next round of fundraising, of which there can be no guarantee. Oncox may remit cash payments of at least
$100,000 towards the licensing fees and deductible from the second milestone payment; ABVC is also entitled to royalties of 5% of Net
Sales, as defined in the Oncox Agreement, from the first commercial sale of the Licensed Product in the noted territory, which remains
uncertain. The Company will permit Oncox to pay the license fee in installments or in a lump sum and will allow Oncox to use its revenue
to fund such payments. Oncox entered into the same agreement with ABVC&#8217;s affiliate, Biolite, Inc.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="-keep: true">On May 23, 2024, the Company and its subsidiary, BioLite Inc (collectively,
the &#8220;licensor&#8221;), each entered into a licensing agreement with OncoX, on the same terms, pursuant to which the licensors will
grant Oncox an exclusive right to develop and commercialize ABVC&#8217;s BLEX 404 single-herb botanical drug extract from the dry fruit
body of Maitake Mushroom (Grifola Frondosa) for treatment of Myelodysplastic Syndrome (the &#8220;MS Products&#8221;), within a certain
territory, specified as 50% of the Worldwide Markets for 20 years (the &#8220;May 23, 2024 Oncox Agreements&#8221;). In consideration
thereof, Oncox shall pay each licensor a total of $6,250,000 (or 1,250,000 Oncox shares valued at $5 per share4) 30 days after entering
the May 23, 2024 Oncox Agreements, with an additional milestone payment of $625,000 in cash after OncoX&#8217;s next round of fundraising,
of which there can be no guarantee. Oncox may remit cash payments of at least $100,000 towards the licensing fees and deductible from
the second milestone payment; each licensor is also entitled to royalties of 5% of Net Sales, from the first commercial sale of the MS
Product in the noted territory, which remains uncertain. Oncox may use its revenue to fund the licensing fees.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Use of acquired land</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">ABVC acquired the real estate described above
for the long-term purpose of supporting its pipeline of products and reducing costs. As per FDA guidelines, the raw material of botanical
drugs must be grown in a specific area under Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) or in an environmentally fully controlled plant factory
to maintain quality. By acquiring land, ABVC plans to grow its botanical drug raw materials under its control; doing this will help the
Company maintain the quality of the product and lower the cost of raw materials, which in turn will lower the cost of the drug substance
and the drug product when its botanical drugs become commercialized.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Common Stock Reverse Split</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On July 25, 2023, the Company filed a Certificate
of Amendment to its Articles of Incorporation authorizing a 1-for-10 reverse stock split of the issued and outstanding shares of its common
stock. The Company&#8217;s stockholders previously approved the Reverse Stock Split at the Company&#8217;s Special Shareholder Meeting
held on July 7, 2023. The Reverse Stock Split was effected to reduce the number of issued and outstanding shares and to increase the per
share trading value of the Company&#8217;s common stock, although that outcome is not guaranteed. Unless otherwise noted, all shares and
related financial information in this Form 10-K reflect this 1-for-10 reverse stock split.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>NASDAQ Listing</i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In August 2022, we received a deficiency letter
from the Nasdaq Listing Qualifications Department (the &#8220;Staff&#8221;) notifying us that, for the last 30 consecutive business days,
the closing bid price for our common stock was below the minimum $1.00 per share required for continued listing on The Nasdaq Capital
Market pursuant to Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(a)(2) (&#8220;Rule 5550(a)(2)&#8221;). In accordance with Nasdaq Listing Rule 5810(c)(3)(A),
we were initially given until February 14, 2023 to regain compliance with Rule 5550(a)(2). Since the Company did not regain compliance
by such date, it requested and received an additional 180 days, until August 14, 2023, to comply with Rule 5550(a)(2).</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The deficiency has no immediate effect on the
listing of the Company&#8217;s common stock, and its common stock continues to trade on The Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol &#8220;ABVC&#8221;
at this time.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">If at any time before August 14, 2023, the bid
price of the Company&#8217;s common stock closes at $1.00 per share or more for a minimum of 10 consecutive business days, the Staff will
provide written confirmation that the Company has achieved compliance and the matter will be closed.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">If the Company does not regain compliance with
Rule 5550(a)(2) by August 14, 2023, the Staff will provide written notification that the Company&#8217;s securities will be delisted,
although the Company maintains the right to appeal such determination. The Company intends to actively monitor the closing bid price for
its common stock and will consider available options to resolve the deficiency and regain compliance with Rule 5550(a)(2).</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On August 8, 2023, the Company received a notification
letter from Nasdaq notifying the Company that the Staff has determined that for 10 consecutive business days, from July 25, 2023 to August
7, 2023, the closing bid price of the Company&#8217;s common stock has been at least $1.00 per share or greater. Accordingly, the Staff
determined that the Company regained compliance with Listing Rule 5550(a)(2) and indicated that the matter is now closed.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On May 24, 2023, we received a deficiency letter
from the Nasdaq Listing Qualifications Department (the &#8220;Staff&#8221;) of the Nasdaq Stock Market LLC (&#8220;Nasdaq&#8221;) notifying
the Company that it is not currently in compliance with the minimum stockholders&#8217; equity requirement, or the alternatives of market
value of listed securities or net income from continuing operations, for continued listing on the Nasdaq Capital Market. Nasdaq Listing
Rule 5550(b)(1) requires listed companies to maintain stockholders&#8217; equity of at least $2,500,000, and the Company&#8217;s stockholders&#8217;
equity was $1,734,507 as of March 31, 2023. In accordance with Nasdaq rules, the Company had 45 calendar days, or until July 10, 2023,
to submit a plan to regain compliance. After submitting a plan to regain compliance, on July 10, 2023, Nasdaq granted the Company an extension
until August 30, 20203, to comply with Listing Rule 5550(b)(1). On July 31, 2023, the Company issued 300,000 shares of Common Stock and
200,000 pre-funded warrants, at an exercise price of $0.01 per share, in a registered direct offering. Pursuant to this transaction, the
stockholders&#8217; equity was increased by $1.75M. On August 1, 2023, $500,000 of Notes were converted at $3.50 per share and the holder
received 142,857 shares of Common Stock. As a result of this conversion, the stockholders&#8217; equity was increased by $0.5M. Additionally,
on August 14, 2023, the Company entered into a cooperation agreement with Zhonghui United Technology (Chengdu) Group Co., Ltd., pursuant
to which the Company acquired a 20% ownership of certain property and a parcel of the land owned by Zhonghui in exchange for an aggregate
of 370,000 shares of Common Stock. Accordingly, stockholders&#8217; equity increased by $7.4M. On February 23, 2023, the Company entered
into a securities purchase agreement with Lind, pursuant to which the Company issued Lind a secured, convertible note in the principal
amount of $3,704,167 (the &#8220;Lind Offering&#8221;), for a purchase price of $3,175,000 (the &#8220;Lind Note&#8221;), that is convertible
into shares of Common Stock at an initial conversion price of $1.05 per share, subject to adjustment. On August 24, 2023, the Company
started repaying Lind the monthly installments due under the Lind Notes; $308,000 was repaid via the issuance of 176,678 shares of Common
Stock (the &#8220;Monthly Shares&#8221;) at the Redemption Share Price (as defined in the Lind Note) of $1.698 per share. Pursuant to
the terms of the Lind Note, Lind increased the amount of the next monthly payment to one million dollars, such that as of September and
together with the Monthly Shares, the Company repaid Lind a total of $1M by September 2023. As a result, the stockholders&#8217; equity
increased by an additional $1M. As a result of the four transactions referenced above, the Company&#8217; estimated that its stockholders&#8217;
equity would increase by approximately $10.65M. On September 6, 2023, Nasdaq issued a letter that the Company is in compliance with Rule
5550(b)(1), but noted that if at the time of the Company&#8217;s next periodic report the Company does not evidence compliance, it may
be subject to delisting.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">On July 10, 2024, we received a notification
letter from the Nasdaq notifying the Company that the minimum bid price per share for its common shares has been below $1.00 for a period
of 30 consecutive business days and the Company therefore no longer meets the minimum bid price requirements set forth in Nasdaq Listing
Rule 5550(a)(2). The notification received has no immediate effect on the listing of the Company&#8217;s common stock on Nasdaq. Under
the Nasdaq Listing Rules, the Company has until January 6, 2025, to regain compliance. On January 9, 2025, the Company received a notification
from Nasdaq granting the Company an additional 180 days, until July 7, 2025, to meet the minimum bid price requirement of $1.00 per share,
as outlined in Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(a)(2) (the &#8220;Rule&#8221;). To satisfy the Rule, the Company&#8217;s common stock must achieve
a closing bid price of at least $1.00 for a minimum of ten consecutive trading days within this extension period; if successful, Nasdaq
will confirm compliance with the Rule and close this matter. If compliance is not achieved by the new deadline, Nasdaq may initiate delisting
procedures, which the Company would have the right to appeal.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">On April 24, 2025, we received a letter from
the listing qualifications staff (the &#8220;<b>Staff</b>&#8221;) of Nasdaq informing us that, as reported in our Annual Report on Form
10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, because our <i>stockholders&#8217; equity</i> was $723,959, as of April 23, 2025, we did not
meet the alternatives of market value of listed securities or net income from continuing operations, and we no longer comply with Listing
Rule 5550(b)(1) (the &#8220;<b>Rule 5550</b>&#8221;).</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">We have 45 calendar days to submit a plan
to the Staff to regain compliance. If our plan is accepted, we may be granted an extension of up to 180 calendar days from the date of
the letter, or until October 21, 2025, to evidence compliance.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">In determining whether to accept our plan,
the Staff will consider such things as the likelihood that the plan will result in compliance with Nasdaq&#8217;s continued listing criteria,
our past compliance history, the reasons for our current non-compliance, other corporate events that may occur within our review period,
our overall financial condition, and our public disclosures. If the Staff does not accept our plan, we will have the opportunity to appeal
that decision to a Hearings Panel.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left"></p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">The Nasdaq notification has no immediate effect
on the listing of our Common Stock on the Nasdaq Capital Market. We intend to actively monitor our <i>stockholders&#8217; equity</i>
and will consider options available to us to achieve compliance with Rule 5550. There can be no assurance that we will be able to regain
compliance with the Listing Rule or will otherwise be in compliance with the other listing standards for the Nasdaq Capital Market.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">If our Common Stock ultimately were to be
delisted for any reason, it could negatively impact us by (i) reducing the liquidity and market price of our Common Stock; (ii) reducing
the number of investors willing to hold or acquire our Common Stock; (ii) limiting our ability to use a registration statement to offer
and sell freely tradable securities, thereby preventing us from accessing the public capital markets; and (iv) impairing our ability
to provide equity incentives to our employees.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">On April 30, 2025, the Company reported that
it received a letter from the listing qualifications staff (the &#8220;Staff&#8221;) of Nasdaq informing it that, as reported in its
Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, because its stockholders&#8217; equity was $723,959, as of April 23,
2025, the Company did not meet the alternatives of market value of listed securities or net income from continuing operations, and it
no longer comply with Listing Rule 5550(b)(1) (the &#8220;Listing Rule&#8221;).</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">On May 5, 2025, the Company received a notification
letter (the &#8220;Notification Letter&#8221;) from Nasdaq notifying the Company that the Staff has determined that based on the Company&#8217;s
Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2025, which evidenced stockholders&#8217; equity of $7,956,295, the Company
complies with the Listing Rule and the matter is closed.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Recent Research Results</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">Vitargus&#174; Clinical Development:</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">The Phase II clinical study of Vitargus&#174;
commenced in the second quarter of 2023. Study sites include Ramathibodi Hospital (Principal Investigator: Dr. Duangnate Rojanaporn)
and Srinagarind Hospital (Principal Investigator: Dr. Thuss Sanguansak) in Thailand, and Sydney Eye Hospital (Principal Investigator:
Professor Dr. Matthew Simunovic) and East Melbourne Eye Group/East Melbourne Retina (Principal Investigator: Dr. Elvis Ojaimi) in Australia.
The Company is currently producing a new investigational batch to support product improvements.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">ABV-2002 Corneal Storage Solution:</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">The Company is developing ABV-2002, a corneal
storage solution intended for use prior to penetrating keratoplasty or endothelial keratoplasty. ABV-2002 is formulated with a poly amino
acid polymer that adjusts osmolarity to maintain hydration and prevent corneal swelling. It also contains a phenolic phytochemical providing
antioxidant and antibacterial properties. Preliminary internal testing by BioFirst indicated potential advantages over existing storage
media. Further clinical development has been temporarily suspended due to funding constraints.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">BioFirst Corporation Operations:</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">BioFirst Corporation, incorporated in 2006,
focuses on research, development, manufacturing, and commercialization of patented pharmaceutical products, primarily through global
exclusive licensing agreements with domestic R&amp;D institutions. BioFirst&#8217;s principal product under development is Vitargus&#174;,
licensed from the National Health Research Institutes. BioFirst is currently constructing a GMP-compliant manufacturing facility in Hsinchu
Biomedical Science Park, Taiwan, with targeted completion in 2025. This facility is intended to support global supply of Vitargus&#174;.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">ABV-1505 ADHD Clinical Study:</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="-keep: true">On July 12, 2022, the Company announced enrollment progress in
the Phase II Part II clinical study of ABV-1505, a treatment candidate for adult Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). As
of the date of this report, 69 subjects have been enrolled, including 50 subjects who have completed the 56-day treatment. The study
is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial involving research centers in Taiwan and the University of California, San Francisco
(UCSF). UCSF&#8217;s Institutional Review Board approved participation, and the site initiation visit was completed in March 2023.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>Public Offering &amp; Financings</i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">2025 Financings</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">During the first quarter of 2025, the Company
continued to strategically manage its outstanding convertible debt obligations with Lind Global Fund II, LP. In connection with the Senior
Convertible Promissory Note issued in November 2023 (2nd Lind Note), the Company has successfully completed all conversions through equity
issuances, thereby extinguishing the remaining principal balance. As of the date of this filing, only the corresponding cash components
for four prior conversions remain to be settled, which the Company intends to address through the exercise of outstanding warrants-demonstrating
a proactive and non-dilutive repayment approach. Additionally, for the Senior Convertible Promissory Note issued in January 2024 (3rd
Lind Note), the Company has reduced the outstanding balance to $600,000, following two equity conversions of $200,000 each. The remaining
cash obligations for these conversions are also expected to be fulfilled in a similar warrant-based strategy, although no definitive
agreement has been entered as of the date hereof and there is no guarantee that a definitive agreement will be entered. These steps reflect
the Company&#8217;s commitment to meeting its obligations while preserving long-term shareholder value and capitalizing on structured
equity mechanisms to support operational continuity and financial health.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">On January 5, 2025, the Company and Lind entered
into a third letter agreement (the &#8220;December Letter Agreement&#8221;), pursuant to which Lind agreed to exercise for cash, 1,029,167
of the Existing Warrants (the number of warrants so exercised is herein referred to as the &#8220;Outstanding Exercised Warrants&#8221;)
to purchase shares of Common Stock, with a current exercise price of $0.75 per share, at a reduced exercise price of $0.40 per share.
Other than the Outstanding Exercised Warrants, the exercise price of the remaining warrants held by Lind remained unchanged. Pursuant
to the December Letter Agreement, the Company also agreed not to sell or issue any additional shares of common stock for a period of
15 days following the closing, with some noted exceptions.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">2024 Financings</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">On November 4, 2024, the Company and Lind
entered into another letter agreement (the &#8220;November Letter Agreement&#8221;), pursuant to which Lind agreed to exercise, for cash,
500,000 of the Existing Warrants to purchase shares of Common Stock, with a current exercise price of $0.75 per share, at a reduced exercise
price of $0.42 per share.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">On October 18, 2024, the Company issued Lind
200,000 shares of the Company&#8217;s common stock as a repayment of $200,000 principal of 2nd Lind Note. According to the amended agreement
pursuant to Nasdaq requirements, the conversion price is subject to $1.00 floor price if the conversion price was below such floor. Based
on the conversion price of $0.4229, the Company made an additional $147,892 cash repayment in addition to the issuance of 200,000 shares.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">On September 11, 2024, the Company issued
Lind 200,000 shares of the Company&#8217;s common stock as a repayment of $200,000 principal of 2nd Lind Note. According to the amended
agreement pursuant to Nasdaq requirements, the conversion price is subject to $1.00 floor price if the conversion price was below such
floor. Based on the conversion price of $0.6575, the Company made an additional $90,722 cash repayment in addition to the issuance of
200,000 shares.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">On July 12, 2024, the Company issued Lind
200,000 shares of the Company&#8217;s common stock as a repayment of $200,000 principal of 2nd Lind Note. According to the amended agreement
pursuant to Nasdaq requirements, the conversion price is subject to $1.00 floor price if the conversion price was below such floor. Based
on the conversion price of $0.7907, the Company made an additional $88,403 cash repayment in addition to the issuance of 200,000 shares.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On May 22, 2024, the Company and Lind entered
into a letter agreement (the &#8220;Letter Agreement&#8221;), pursuant to which Lind Global Fund II, LP (&#8220;Lind&#8221;) will exercise,
for cash, 1,000,000 of its pre-existing warrants to purchase shares of Common Stock at a reduced exercise price of $0.75 per share. Lind
will also receive a new warrant to purchase 1,000,000 shares Common Stock, exercisable at any time on or after the date of its issuance
and until the five-year anniversary thereof, for $1.00 per share (the &#8220;New Lind Warrant&#8221;).</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On January 17, 2024, the Company entered into
a securities purchase agreement with Lind, pursuant to which the Company issued Lind a secured, convertible note in the principal amount
of $1,000,000, for a purchase price of $833,333 (the &#8220;3<sup>rd</sup> Lind Note&#8221;), that is convertible into shares of the Company&#8217;s
common stock at a conversion price, which shall be the lesser of (i) $3.50 (the &#8220;Fixed Price&#8221;) and (ii) 90% of the average
of the three lowest VWAPs (as defined in the 3<sup>rd</sup> Lind Note) during the 20 trading days prior to conversion (&#8220;Variable
Price&#8221;), subject to adjustment (the &#8220;Note Shares&#8221;). Notwithstanding the foregoing, provided that no Event of Default
(as defined in the 3<sup>rd</sup> Lind Note) shall have occurred, conversions under the 3<sup>rd</sup> Lind Note shall be at the Fixed
Price for the first 180 days following the closing date. Lind will also receive a 5-year, common stock purchase warrant (the &#8220;3<sup>rd</sup>
Lind Warrant&#8221;) to purchase up to 1,000,000 shares of the Company&#8217;s common stock at an initial exercise price of $2.00 per
share, subject to adjustment (each, a &#8220;Warrant Share,&#8221; together with the 3<sup>rd</sup> Lind Note, Note Shares and 3<sup>rd</sup>
Lind Warrant, the &#8220;Securities&#8221;). The parties later agreed to a floor price of $1.00 for the Variable Price and that the Company
would compensate Lind in cash if the Variable Price was less than such floor price at the time of conversion.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Upon the occurrence of any Event of Default (as
defined in the 3<sup>rd</sup> Lind Note), the Company must pay Lind an amount equal to 120% of the then outstanding principal amount of
the 3<sup>rd</sup> Lind Note, in addition to any other remedies under the 3<sup>rd</sup> Lind Note or the other Transaction Documents
(as defined below).</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The 3<sup>rd</sup> Lind Warrant may be exercised
via cashless exercise in the event a registration statement covering the Warrant Shares is not available for the resale of such Warrant
Shares or upon exercise of the 3<sup>rd</sup> Lind Warrant in connection with a Fundamental Transaction (as defined in the 3<sup>rd</sup>
Lind Warrant).</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Pursuant to the terms of the securities purchase
agreement, if at any time prior to a date that is 18 months following the closing of the offering, the Company proposes to offer or sell
any additional securities in a subsequent financing, the Company shall first offer Lind the opportunity to purchase up to 10% of such
new securities.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In connection with the Offering, the Company and
its subsidiaries: (i) Biokey, Inc., a California corporation (&#8220;BioKey&#8221;), (ii) Biolite Holding, Inc., a Nevada corporation
(&#8220;BioLite&#8221;), (iii) Biolite BVI, Inc., a British Virgin Islands corporation (&#8220;BioLite BVI&#8221;) and (iv) American BriVision
Corporation, a Delaware corporation (&#8220;American BriVision&#8221; and, collectively with the Company, BioKey, BioLite, and BioLite
BVI, the &#8220;Guarantors&#8221;), jointly and severally guaranteed all of the obligations of the Company in connection with the offering
(the &#8220;Guaranty&#8221;) with certain collateral, as set forth in the related Transaction Documents (as hereinafter defined). The
sale of the 3<sup>rd</sup> Lind Note and the terms of the offering, including the Guaranty are set forth in the securities purchase agreement,
the 3<sup>rd</sup> Lind Note, the 3<sup>rd</sup> Lind Warrant, the Second Amendment to Guaranty, the Second Amendment to Security Agreement,
and the Second Amendment to Guarantor Security Agreement (collectively, the &#8220;Transaction Documents&#8221;).</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Allele Capital Partners, LLC (&#8220;Allele&#8221;)
together with its executing broker dealer, Wilmington Capital Securities, LLC (together with its affiliates, &#8220;Wilmington&#8221;),
served as the exclusive placement agent (the &#8220;Placement Agent&#8221;) of the offering. the Company has agreed to pay certain expenses
of the placement agent in connection with the offering and issued them a warrant to purchase up to 25,000 shares of common stock, on the
same terms as set forth in the 3<sup>rd</sup> Lind Warrant.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The securities purchase agreement also contains
customary representation and warranties of the Company and the Investors, indemnification obligations of the Company, termination provisions,
and other obligations and rights of the parties.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The foregoing description of the Transaction Documents
is qualified by reference to the full text of the forms of the Transaction Documents, which are filed as Exhibits hereto and incorporated
herein by reference.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">2023 Financings</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On November 17, 2023, the Company entered into
a securities purchase agreement (the &#8220;2<sup>nd</sup> Lind Securities Purchase Agreement&#8221;) with Lind Global Fund II, LP (&#8220;Lind&#8221;),
pursuant to which the Company issued Lind a secured, convertible note in the principal amount of $1,200,000 (the &#8220;2<sup>nd</sup>
Lind Offering&#8221;), for a purchase price of $1,000,000 (the &#8220;2<sup>nd</sup> Lind Note&#8221;), that is convertible into shares
of the Company&#8217;s common stock at a conversion price, which shall be the lesser of (i) $3.50 (the &#8220;Fixed Price&#8221;) and
(ii) 90% of the average of the three lowest VWAPs (as defined in the 2<sup>nd</sup> Lind Note) during the 20 trading days prior to conversion,
subject to adjustment. Notwithstanding the foregoing, provided that no Event of Default (as defined in the 2<sup>nd</sup> Lind Note) shall
have occurred, conversions under the 2<sup>nd</sup> Lind Note shall be at the Fixed Price for the first 180 days following the closing
date. Lind will also receive a 5-year, common stock purchase warrant (the &#8220;2<sup>nd </sup>Lind Warrant&#8221;) to purchase up to
1,000,000 shares of the Company&#8217;s common stock at an initial exercise price of $2 per share, subject to adjustment. The parties
later agreed to a floor price of $1.00 for the Variable Price and that the Company would compensate Lind in cash if the variable price
was less than such floor price at the time of conversion.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Upon the occurrence of any Event of Default (as
defined in the 2<sup>nd</sup> Lind Note), the Company must pay Lind an amount equal to 120% of the then outstanding principal amount of
the 2<sup>nd</sup> Lind Note, in addition to any other remedies under the 2<sup>nd</sup> Lind Note or the other Transaction Documents
(as defined below).</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Pursuant to the terms of the 2<sup>nd</sup> Lind
Securities Purchase Agreement, if at any time prior to a date that is 18 months following the closing of the 2<sup>nd</sup> Lind Offering,
the Company proposes to offer or sell any additional securities in a subsequent financing, the Company shall first offer Lind the opportunity
to purchase up to 10% of such new securities.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In connection with the 2<sup>nd</sup> Lind Offering,
the Company and its subsidiaries: (i) Biokey, Inc., a California corporation (&#8220;BioKey&#8221;), (ii) Biolite Holding, Inc., a Nevada
corporation (&#8220;BioLite&#8221;), (iii) Biolite BVI, Inc., a British Virgin Islands corporation (&#8220;BioLite BVI&#8221;) and (iv)
American BriVision Corporation, a Delaware corporation (&#8220;American BriVision&#8221; and, collectively with the Company, BioKey, BioLite,
and BioLite BVI, the &#8220;Guarantors&#8221;), jointly and severally guaranteed all of the obligations of the Company in connection with
the 2<sup>nd</sup> Lind Offering (the &#8220;Guaranty&#8221;) with certain collateral, as set forth in the related Transaction Documents
(as hereinafter defined).</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The sale of the Note and the terms of the 2<sup>nd</sup>
Lind Offering, including the Guaranty are set forth in the 2<sup>nd</sup> Lind Securities Purchase Agreement, the 2<sup>nd</sup> Lind
Note, the 2<sup>nd</sup> Lind Warrant, the First Amendment to Guaranty, the First Amendment to Security Agreement, and the First Amendment
to Guarantor Security Agreement (collectively, the &#8220;Transaction Documents&#8221;).</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Allele Capital Partners, LLC (&#8220;Allele&#8221;)
together with its executing broker dealer, Wilmington Capital Securities, LLC (together with its affiliates, &#8220;Wilmington&#8221;),
served as the exclusive placement agent (the &#8220;Placement Agent&#8221;) of the 2<sup>nd</sup> Lind Offering. We have agreed to pay
certain expenses of the placement agent in connection with the 2<sup>nd</sup> Lind Offering.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">An amendment was filed on February 29, 2024 to
disclose that due to Nasdaq requirements, the parties entered into an amendment to the Note, pursuant to which the conversion price shall
have a floor price of $1.00 (the &#8220;Amendment&#8221;). Additionally, the Amendment requires the Company to make a cash payment to
Lind if in connection with a conversion, the conversion price is deemed to be the floor price.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Securities Purchase Agreement also contains
customary representation and warranties of the Company and the Investors, indemnification obligations of the Company, termination provisions,
and other obligations and rights of the parties.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The foregoing description of the Transaction Documents
is qualified by reference to the full text of the forms of the Transaction Documents, which are filed as Exhibits hereto and incorporated
herein by reference.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On February 23, 2023, the Company entered into
a securities purchase agreement (the &#8220;Lind Securities Purchase Agreement&#8221;) with Lind Global Fund II, LP (&#8220;Lind&#8221;),
pursuant to which the Company issued Lind a secured, convertible note in the principal amount of $3,704,167 (the &#8220;Lind Offering&#8221;),
for a purchase price of $3,175,000 (the &#8220;Lind Note&#8221;), that is convertible into shares of the Company&#8217;s common stock
at an initial conversion price of $1.05 per share, subject to adjustment (the &#8220;Note Shares&#8221;). The Company also issued Lind
a common stock purchase warrant (the &#8220;Lind Warrant&#8221;) to purchase up to 5,291,667 shares of the Company&#8217;s common stock
at an initial exercise price of $1.05 per share, subject to adjustment (each, a &#8220;Warrant Share,&#8221; together with the Note, Note
Shares and Warrants, the &#8220;Lind Securities&#8221;).</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p><div>

</div><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 46; Value: 1 --><div>
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    </div><div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div><div>
    </div><!-- Field: /Page --><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Lind Note does not carry any Interest. Beginning
with the date that is six months from the issuance date of the Lind Note and on each one (1) month anniversary thereafter, the Company
shall pay Lind an amount equal to $308,650.58, until the outstanding principal amount of the Lind Note has been paid in full prior to
or on the Maturity Date or, if earlier, upon acceleration, conversion or redemption of the Lind Note in accordance with the terms thereof
(the &#8220;Monthly Payments&#8221;). At the Company&#8217;s discretion, the Monthly Payments shall be made in (i) cash, (ii) shares of
the Company&#8217;s common stock, or (iii) a combination of cash and Shares; if made in shares, the number of shares shall be determined
by dividing (x) the principal amount being paid in shares by (y) 90% of the average of the 5 lowest daily VWAPs during the 20 trading
days prior to the applicable payment date. The Lind Notes sets forth certain conditions that must be satisfied before the Company may
make any Monthly Payments in shares of common stock. If the Company makes a Monthly Payment in cash, the Company must also pay Lind a
cash premium of 5% of such Monthly Payment.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Upon the occurrence of any Event of Default (as
defined in the Lind Note), the Company must pay Lind an amount equal to 120% of the then outstanding principal amount of the Lind Note,
in addition to any other remedies under the Note or the other Transaction Documents.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Lind Warrant may be exercised via cashless
exercise.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Pursuant to the terms of the Lind Securities Purchase
Agreement, if at any time prior to a date that is 18 months following the closing of the Lind Offering, the Company proposes to offer
or sell any additional securities in a subsequent financing, the Company shall first offer Lind the opportunity to purchase up to 10%
of such new securities.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In connection with the Lind Offering, the Company
and its subsidiaries: (i) Biokey, Inc., a California corporation (&#8220;BioKey&#8221;), (ii) Biolite Holding, Inc., a Nevada corporation
(&#8220;BioLite&#8221;), (iii) Biolite BVI, Inc., a British Virgin Islands corporation (&#8220;BioLite BVI&#8221;) and (iv) American BriVision
Corporation, a Delaware corporation (&#8220;American BriVision&#8221; and, collectively with the Company, BioKey, BioLite, and BioLite
BVI, the &#8220;Guarantors&#8221;), jointly and severally guaranteed all of the obligations of the Company in connection with the Lind
Offering (the &#8220;Guaranty&#8221;) with certain collateral, as set forth in the related Transaction Documents (as hereinafter defined).</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The sale of the Lind Note and the terms of the
Lind Offering, including the Guaranty are set forth in the Lind Securities Purchase Agreement, the Note, the Warrant, a Security Agreement,
Guarantor Security, Guaranty, a Trademark Security Agreement with Rgene Corporation, a Trademark Security Agreement with BioFirst, a Patent
Security Agreement, a Copyright Security Agreement and a Stock Pledge Agreement (collectively, the &#8220;Transaction Documents&#8221;).</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Allele Capital Partners, LLC (&#8220;Allele&#8221;)
together with its executing broker dealer, Wilmington Capital Securities, LLC (together with its affiliates, &#8220;Wilmington&#8221;),
served as the exclusive placement agent (the &#8220;Placement Agent&#8221;) of the Lind Offering. As a result of the Lind Offering, the
Company will pay the Placement Agent (i) a cash fee of 6% of the gross proceeds from the sale of the Securities, and (ii) common stock
purchase warrants to purchase 6% of the number of shares of common stock issuable under the Lind Note. We also agreed to pay certain expenses
of the placement agent in connection with the Lind Offering.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Pursuant to the Lind Securities Purchase Agreement,
the Company agreed to register all of the Lind Securities and the shares of common stock underlying the warrant issued to the placement
agent.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Securities Purchase Agreement also contains
customary representation and warranties of the Company and the Investors, indemnification obligations of the Company, termination provisions,
and other obligations and rights of the parties.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Upon the occurrence of any Event of Default (as
defined in the Lind Note), the Company must pay Lind an amount equal to 120% of the then outstanding principal amount of the Lind Note
(the &#8220;Mandatory Default Amount&#8221;), in addition to any other remedies under the Note or the other Transaction Documents. The
Company and Lind entered into a letter agreement on September 12, 2023, pursuant to which the Mandatory Default Amount was reduced to
115% of the then outstanding principal amount of the Lind Note; pursuant to the letter agreement, Lind also agreed to waive any default
associated with the Company&#8217;s market capitalization being below $12.5 million for 10 consecutive days through February 23, 2024,
but retained its right to convert its Note. In addition, if the Company is unable to increase its market capitalization and is unable
to obtain a further waiver or amendment to the Lind Note, then the Company could experience an event of default under the Lind Note, which
could have a material adverse effect on the Company&#8217;s liquidity, financial condition, and results of operations. The Company cannot
make any assurances regarding the likelihood, certainty, or exact timing of the Company&#8217;s ability to increase its market capitalization,
as such metric is not within the immediate control of the Company and depends on a variety of factors outside the Company&#8217;s control.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The foregoing description of the Transaction Documents
is qualified by reference to the full text of the forms of the Transaction Documents, which are filed as Exhibits hereto and incorporated
herein by reference.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p><div>

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    </div><div style="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->41<!-- Field: /Sequence --></p></div><div>
    </div><div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div><div>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">2022 Financing</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On May 11, 2022, the Company entered into certain
securities purchase agreement (the &#8220;May SPA&#8221;) with certain investors (the &#8220;Purchasers&#8221;). Pursuant to the May SPA,
the Company agreed to issue 2,000,000 shares of its Common Stock, at a price of $2.11 per share and 5-year warrants to purchase up to
2,000,000 shares of Common Stock, exercisable at a price of $2.45 per share (the &#8220;May Warrants&#8221;) to the Purchasers. The gross
proceeds before deducting any estimated offering expenses are $4,220,000. The transaction contemplated by the May SPA was closed on May
16, 2022.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company paid to the co-placement agents an
aggregate cash fee equal to 8% of the aggregate sales price of the securities sold and issued them warrants to purchase up to 160,000
shares of Common Stock, on the same terms as the May Warrants.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Strategy</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Key elements of our business strategy include:</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Advancing to the pivotal trial phase of ABV-1701 Vitargus&#174; for the treatments of Retinal Detachment or Vitreous Hemorrhage, which we expect to generate revenues in the future.</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
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  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Completing Phase II, Part 2 clinical trial for ABV-1505 for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, ADHD.</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Out licensing drug candidates and medical device candidates to major pharmaceutical companies for phase III and pivotal clinical trials, as applicable, and further marketing if approved by the FDA.</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We plan to augment our core research and development
capability and assets by conducting Phase I and II clinical trials for investigational new drugs and medical devices in the fields of
CNS, Hematology/Oncology and Ophthalmology.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Our management team has extensive experiences
across a wide range of new drug and medical device development and we have in-licensed new drug and medical device candidates from large
research institutes and universities in both the U.S. and Taiwan. Through an assertive product development approach, we expect that we
will build a substantial portfolio of Oncology/ Hematology, CNS and Ophthalmology products. We primarily focus on Phase I and II research
of new drug candidates and out license the post-Phase-II products to pharmaceutical companies; we do not expect to devote substantial
efforts and resources to building the disease-specific distribution channels.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Business Objectives</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company is operating its core business based
on collaborative activities that can generate current and future revenues through research, development and/or commercialization joint
venture agreements. The terms of these agreements typically include payment to the Company related to one or more of the following:</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">nonrefundable upfront license fees,</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
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  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">partial or complete reimbursement of research and development costs and</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">royalties on net sales of licensed products.</span></td></tr>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Each type of payments results in revenue except
for revenue from royalties on net sales of licensed products, which are classified as royalty revenues. To date, we have not received
any royalty revenues. Revenue is recognized upon satisfaction of a performance obligation by transferring control of a good or service
to the joint venture partner.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">As part of the accounting for these arrangements,
the Company applies judgment to determine whether the performance obligations are distinct and develop assumptions in determining the
stand-alone selling price for each distinct performance obligation identified in the collaboration agreements. To determine the stand-alone
selling price, the Company relies on assumptions which may include forecasted revenues, development timelines, reimbursement rates for
R&amp;D personnel costs, discount rates and probabilities of technical and regulatory success.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company had multiple deliverables under the
collaborative agreements, including deliverables relating to grants of technology licenses, regulatory and clinical development, and marketing
activities. Estimation of the performance periods of the Company&#8217;s deliverables requires the use of management&#8217;s judgment.
Significant factors considered in management&#8217;s evaluation of the estimated performance periods include, but are not limited to,
the Company&#8217;s experience in conducting clinical development, regulatory and manufacturing activities. The Company reviews the estimated
duration of its performance periods under its collaborative agreements on an annually basis, and makes any appropriate adjustments on
a prospective basis. Future changes in estimates of the performance period under its collaborative agreements could impact the timing
of future revenue recognition.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">For further details about these difference payment
arrangements, see &#8220;Summary of Critical Accounting Policies&#8221; below. Examples of recent collaborative agreements the Company
has entered into are as follows:</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b style="-keep: true"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Collaborative agreement with ForSeeCon
Eye Corporation, a related party</span></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">On March 25, 2024, the Company and BioFirst
each entered into a twenty-year, global definitive licensing agreement (the &#8220;FEYE Licensing Agreement&#8221;) with ForSeeCon Eye
Corporation, a company registered in the British Virgin Islands (&#8220;FEYE&#8221;) for the products in the Company and BioFirst&#8217;s
Ophthalmology pipeline, including Vitargus (the &#8220;Vitargus Products&#8221;). The license covers the Vitargus Products&#8217; clinical
trial, registration, manufacturing, supply, and distribution rights; FEYE also has the rights to sublicense or partner with a third party
to develop the Licensed Products. As per each of the respective FEYE Licensing Agreements, each of the Company and BioFirst shall receive
a total licensing fee of $33,500,000, composed of an upfront payment of $30,000,000, which can instead be paid with 5 million shares
of FEYE stock at $6 per share within 30 days after the execution of the FEYE Licensing Agreement, and a $3,500,000 cash milestone payment,
due 30 days upon completion of next round fundraising. Additionally, each of the Company and BioFirst are eligible to receive royalties
of 5% of net Sales. As of March 31, 2025, the Company has received 5,000,000 FEYE shares but did not recognize such licensing revenue
since the fair value of FEYE stock is uncertain.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">On June 18, 2024, the Company and BioFirst,
each entered into an amendment (the &#8220;<b>Amendment</b>&#8221;) to the Licensing Agreement with FEYE, pursuant to which the Company
and BioFirst have agreed to allow FEYE to pay the second milestone payment in the amount of $3,500,000 per Licensing Agreement, incrementally
(such as $100,000), at any given time, rather than in one lump sum. In 2024 the Company received in cash and recognized revenue $296,000,
pursuant to the Amendment. There was no transaction incurred during the period ended March 31, 2025.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b style="-keep: true"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Collaborative agreement with OncoX BiopPharma,
Inc., a related party</span></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">On April 16, 2024, the Company entered into
a definitive agreement with OncoX BioPharma, Inc., a private company registered in the British Virgin Islands (&#8220;Oncox&#8221;),
pursuant to which the Company will grant Oncox an exclusive right to develop and commercialize ABVC&#8217;s single-herb botanical drug
extract from the dry fruit body of Maitake Mushroom (Grifola Frondosa) for treatment of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (the &#8220;Lung Cancer
Products&#8221;), within North America for 20 years (the &#8220;April 2024 Oncox Agreement&#8221;). In consideration thereof, Oncox shall
pay ABVC $6,250,000 (or 1,250,000 Oncox shares valued at $5 per share<sup>1</sup>) 30 days after entering into the agreement and $625,000,
30 days following the completion of Oncox&#8217;s next round of fundraising, of which there is no guarantee; ABVC is also entitled to
5% royalties based on the Net Sales, as defined in the April 2024 Oncox Agreement, from the first commercial sale of the Lung Cancer
Product in North America, of which there can be no guarantee. Oncox entered into another agreement with ABVC&#8217;s affiliate, Rgene
Corporation, on the same terms.In 2024 the Company received in cash and recognized revenue of $200,000, pursuant to the agreement.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">On May 8, 2024, the Company entered into a
definitive agreement with OncoX, pursuant to which the Company will grant Oncox an exclusive right to develop and commercialize ABVC&#8217;s
BLEX 404 single-herb botanical drug extract from the dry fruit body of Maitake Mushroom (Grifola Frondosa) for treatment of Pancreatic
(the Pancreatic Product), within a certain territory, specified as 50% of the Worldwide Markets for 20 years (the &#8220;May 8, 2024
Oncox Agreement&#8221;). In consideration thereof, Oncox shall pay ABVC a total of $6,250,000 (or 1,250,000 Oncox shares valued at $5
per share<sup>2</sup>) within 30 days of entering into the May 8, 2024 Oncox Agreement, with an additional milestone payment of $625,000
in cash after OncoX&#8217;s next round of fundraising, of which there can be no guarantee. Oncox may remit cash payments of at least
$100,000 towards the licensing fees and deductible from the second milestone payment; ABVC is also entitled to royalties of 5% of Net
Sales, as defined in the May 8, 2024 Oncox Agreement, from the first commercial sale of the Pancreatic Product in the noted territory,
which remains uncertain. The Company will permit Oncox to pay the license fee in installments or in a lump sum and will allow Oncox to
use its revenue to fund such payments. Oncox entered into another agreement with ABVC&#8217;s affiliate, Rgene Corporation, on the same
terms.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">On May 14, 2024, the Company and its subsidiary,
BioLite Inc (collectively, the &#8220;licensor&#8221;), each entered into a licensing agreement with OncoX, on the same terms, pursuant
to which the licensors will grant Oncox an exclusive right to develop and commercialize ABVC&#8217;s BLEX 404 single-herb botanical drug
extract from the dry fruit body of Maitake Mushroom (Grifola Frondosa) for treatment of Tripple Negative Breast Cancer (the TNBC Product),
within a certain territory, specified as 50% of the Worldwide Markets for 20 years (the &#8220;May 14, 2024 Oncox Agreements&#8221;).
In each agreement for consideration thereof, Oncox shall pay each licensor a total of $6,250,000 (or 1,250,000 Oncox shares valued at
$5 per share<sup>3</sup>) within 30 days of entering into the May 14, 2024 Oncox Agreements, with an additional milestone payment of
$625,000 in cash after OncoX&#8217;s next round of fundraising, of which there can be no guarantee. Oncox may remit cash payments of
at least $100,000 towards the licensing fees and deductible from the second milestone payment; each licensor is also entitled to royalties
of 5% of Net Sales, from the first commercial sale of the TNBC Product in the noted territory, which remains uncertain. The Company will
permit Oncox to pay the license fee in installments or in a lump sum and will allow Oncox to use its revenue to fund such payments.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">On May 23, 2024, the Company and its subsidiary,
BioLite Inc (collectively, the &#8220;licensor&#8221;), each entered into a licensing agreement with OncoX, on the same terms, pursuant
to which the licensors will grant Oncox an exclusive right to develop and commercialize ABVC&#8217;s BLEX 404 single-herb botanical drug
extract from the dry fruit body of Maitake Mushroom (Grifola Frondosa) for treatment of Myelodysplastic Syndrome (the &#8220;MS Products&#8221;),
within a certain territory, specified as 50% of the Worldwide Markets for 20 years (the &#8220;May 23, 2024 Oncox Agreements&#8221;).
In consideration thereof, Oncox shall pay each licensor a total of $6,250,000 (or 1,250,000 Oncox shares valued at $5 per share<sup>4</sup>)
30 days after entering the May 23, 2024 Oncox Agreements, with an additional milestone payment of $625,000 in cash after OncoX&#8217;s
next round of fundraising, of which there can be no guarantee. Oncox may remit cash payments of at least $100,000 towards the licensing
fees and deductible from the second milestone payment; each licensor is also entitled to royalties of 5% of Net Sales, from the first
commercial sale of the MS Product in the noted territory, which remains uncertain. Oncox may use its revenue to fund the licensing fees.&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><span style="text-decoration:underline">Collaborative agreements with BHK, a related
party</span></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-size: 10pt">(i)</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">In February and December of 2015, BioLite, Inc. entered into a total of three joint venture agreements with BioHopeKing to jointly develop ABV-1501 for Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC), ABV-1504 for MDD and ABV-1505 for ADHD. The agreements granted marketing rights to BioHopeKing for certain Asian countries in return for a series of milestone payments totaling $10 million in cash and equity of BioHopeKing or equity securities owned by BioHopeKing.</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The milestone payments are determined by a schedule
of BioLite development achievements as shown below:</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Milestone</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Payment</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 88%; text-align: left">Execution of BHK Co-Development Agreement</td><td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">1,000,000</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left">Investigational New Drug (IND) Submission</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">1,000,000</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">Phase II Clinical Trial Complete</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">1,000,000</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left">Initiation of Phase III Clinical Trial</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">3,000,000</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">New Drug Application (NDA) Submission</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">4,000,000</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; padding-left: 9pt">Total</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">10,000,000</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  </table><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-size: 10pt">(ii)</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">In December of 2015, BHK paid the initial cash payment of $1 million upon the execution of the BHK Agreement. The Company concluded that certain deliverables are considered separate units of accounting as the delivered items have value to the customer on a standalone basis and recognized this cash payment as collaboration revenue when all research, technical, and development data was delivered to BHK in 2015. The payment included compensation for past research efforts and contributions made by BioLite Taiwan before the BHK agreement was signed and does not relate to any future commitments made by BioLite Taiwan and BHK in the BHK Agreement.</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-size: 10pt">(iii)</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">In August 2016, the Company received the second milestone payment
    of $1 million, and recognized collaboration revenue for the year ended December 31, 2016. The Company completed the phase II clinical
    trial for ABV-1504 MDD on October 31, 2019, but has not yet completed the phase II clinical trial for ABV-1505 ADHD.</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-size: 10pt">(iv)</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><p style="margin: 0pt 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="-keep: true">In addition to the milestone
                                    payments, BioLite Inc. is entitled to receive a royalty equal to 12% of BHK&#8217;s net sales related
                                    to ABV-1501, ABV-1504 and ABV-1505 Products. As of March 31, 2025, the Company has not earned royalties
                                    under the BHK Co-Development Agreement.</span></p></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">(v)</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">The BHK Co-Development Agreement will remain in effect for fifteen years from the date of first commercial sale of the Product in in Asia excluding Japan.</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><span style="text-decoration:underline">Co-Development agreement with Rgene Corporation,
a related party</span></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On May 26, 2017, the Company entered into a co-development
agreement (the &#8220;Rgene Agreement&#8221;) with Rgene Corporation (the &#8220;Rgene&#8221;), a related party under common control by
the controlling beneficiary shareholder of YuanGene Corporation and the Company (See Note 12). Pursuant to the Rgene Agreement, BriVision
and Rgene agreed to co-develop and commercialize ABV-1507 HER2/neu Positive Breast Cancer Combination Therapy, ABV-1703 Pancreatic Cancer
Combination Therapy and ABV-1527 Ovary Cancer Combination Therapy. Under the terms of the Rgene Agreement, Rgene is required to pay the
Company $3,000,000 in cash or stock of Rgene with equivalent value by August 15, 2017 as compensation of BriVision&#8217;s past research
efforts and contributions made by BriVision before the Rgene Agreement was executed. The payment does not relate to any future milestones
attained by BriVision. In addition to $3,000,000, the Company is entitled to receive 50% of the future net licensing income or net sales
profit earned by Rgene. All development costs shall be equally shared by both BriVision and Rgene.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On June 1, 2017, the Company delivered all research,
technical data and development data to Rgene pursuant to the Rgene Agreement in return for a cash payment of $450,000 and 1,530,000 common
shares of Rgene stock valued at $2,550,000, which in 2018 was accounted for using the equity method long-term investment. On December
31, 2018, the Company determined to fully write off this investment based on the Company&#8217;s assessment of the severity and duration
of the impairment, and qualitative and quantitative analysis of the operating performance of the investee, adverse changes in market conditions,
the regulatory or economic environment, changes in operating structure of Rgene, additional funding requirements and Rgene&#8217;s ability
to remain in business. All research projects that were initiated will be managed and funded equally by the Company and Rgene.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company and Rgene signed an amendment to the
Rgene Agreement on November 10, 2020, pursuant to which both parties agreed to delete AB-1507 HER2/neu Positive Breast Cancer Combination
Therapy and AB-1527 Ovary Cancer Combination Therapy and add ABV-1519 EGFR Positive Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Combination Therapy and
ABV-1526 Large Intestine / Colon / Rectal Cancer Combination Therapy to the products to be co-developed and commercialized. Other provisions
of the Rgene Agreement remain in full force and effect.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><span style="text-decoration:underline">Clinical Development Service Agreement with
Rgene Corporation, a related party</span></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On June 10, 2022, the Company expanded its co-development
partnership with Rgene. The Company&#8217;s subsidiary, BioKey, entered into a Clinical Development Service Agreement with Rgene (&#8220;Service
Agreement&#8221;) to guide certain Rgene drug products, RGC-1501 for the treatment of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC), RGC-1502 for
the treatment of pancreatic cancer and RGC 1503 for the treatment of colorectal cancer patients, through completion of Phase II clinical
studies under U.S. FDA IND regulatory requirements (the &#8220;Rgene Studies&#8221;). Under the terms of the Service Agreement, BioKey
is eligible to receive payments totaling up to $3.0 million over a 3-year period with each payment amount to be determined by certain
regulatory milestones obtained during the agreement period.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Through a series of transactions over the past
5 years, the Company and Rgene have co-developed the three drug products covered by the Service Agreement, which has resulted in the Company
owning 31.62% of Rgene.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p><div>

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    </div><div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div><div>
    </div><!-- Field: /Page --><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">As part of the Rgene Studies, the Company agreed
to loan $1.0 million to Rgene, for which Rgene has provided the Company with a 5% working capital convertible loan (the &#8220;Note&#8221;).
If the Note is fully converted, the Company will own an additional 6.4% of Rgene. The Company is expected to receive the outstanding loan
from the related party by the first half of 2024, either by cash or conversion of shares of Rgene. The Company may convert the Note at
any time into shares of Rgene&#8217;s common stock at either (i) a fixed conversion price equal to $1.00 per share or (ii) 20% discount
of the stock price of the then most recent offering, whichever is lower; the conversion price is subject to adjustment as set forth in
the Note. The Note includes standard events of default, as well as a cross default provision pursuant to which a breach of the Service
Agreement will trigger an event of default under the Note if not cured after 5 business days of written notice regarding the breach is
provided. Upon an event of default, the outstanding principal and any accrued and unpaid interest shall be immediately due and payable.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Service Agreement shall remain in effect until
the expiration date of the last patent and automatically renew for 5 more years unless terminated earlier by either party with six months
written notice. Either party may terminate the Service Agreement for cause by providing 30 days written notice.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Rgene has further agreed, effective July 1, 2022,
to provide the Company with a seat on Rgene&#8217;s Board of Directors until the loan is repaid in full. The Company has nominated Dr.
Jiang, its Chief Strategy Officer and Director to occupy that seat; Dr. Jiang is also one of the Company&#8217;s largest shareholders,
owning 12.8% of the Company.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Rgene Studies is a related party transaction.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><span style="text-decoration:underline">Collaborative agreement with BioFirst Corporation,
a related party</span></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On July 24, 2017, the Company entered into a collaborative
agreement (the &#8220;BioFirst Agreement&#8221;) with BioFirst Corporation, a corporation incorporated under the laws of Taiwan (&#8220;BioFirst&#8221;),
pursuant to which BioFirst granted the Company global licensing rights to medical use of ABV-1701 Vitreous Substitute for Vitrectomy.
BioFirst is a related party to the Company because a controlling beneficiary shareholder of YuanGene Corporation and the Company is a
Director and shareholders of BioFirst (See Note 12).</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Pursuant to the BioFirst Agreement, the Company
and BioFirst will co-develop and commercialize BFC-1401. The Company will pay BioFirst a total amount of $3,000,000 in cash or stock of
the Company before September 30, 2018 as payment in full for BioFirst&#8217;s past research efforts and contributions made by BioFirst
before the BioFirst Agreement was executed. The Company is entitled to receive 50% of any future net licensing revenue or net profit associated
with Vitargus&#174;. All development cost will be equally shared by both BriVision and BioFirst.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On September 25, 2017, BioFirst delivered all
research, technical, data and development data to the Company. For the year ended September 30, 2017, the Company determined to fully
expense the entire amount of $3,000,000 since the related licensing rights do not have alternative future uses. According to ASC 730-10-25-1,
absent alternative future uses the acquisition of product rights to be used in research and development activities must be charged to
research and development expenses immediately. Hence, the entire amount of $3,000,000 is fully expensed as research and development expense
during the year ended September 30, 2017.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On June 30, 2019, the Company entered into a Stock
Purchase Agreement (the &#8220;Purchase Agreement&#8221;) with BioFirst. Pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, the Company issued 428,571
shares of the Company&#8217;s common stock to BioFirst as payment for $3,000,000 owed by the Company to BioFirst in connection with the
BioFirst Agreement.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On August 5, 2019, the Company entered into a
second Stock Purchase Agreement with BioFirst whereby the Company issued 414,702 shares of the Company&#8217;s common stock to BioFirst
as repayment in full for a loan in the amount of $2,902,911 provided to BriVision from BioFirst.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On November 4, 2020, the Company executed an amendment
to the BioFirst Agreement with BioFirst to add ABV-2001 Intraocular Irrigation Solution and ABV-2002 Corneal Storage Solution to the agreement.
ABV-2002 is utilized during a corneal transplant procedure to replace a damaged or diseased cornea while ABV-2001 has broader utilization
during a variety of ocular procedures.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Initially the Company will focus on ABV-2002,
a solution utilized to store a donor cornea prior to either penetrating keratoplasty (full thickness cornea transplant) or endothelial
keratoplasty (back layer cornea transplant). ABV-2002 is a solution comprised of a specific poly amino acid that protects ocular tissue
from damage caused by external osmolarity exposure during pre-surgery storage. The specific polymer in ABV-2002 can adjust osmolarity
to maintain a range of 330 to 390 mOsM thereby permitting hydration within the corneal stroma during the storage period. Stromal hydration
results in (a) maintaining acceptable corneal transparency and (b) prevents donor cornea swelling. ABV-2002 also contains an abundant
phenolic phytochemical found in plant cell walls that provides antioxidant antibacterial properties and neuroprotection.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Early testing by BioFirst indicates that ABV-2002
may be more effective for protecting the cornea and retina during long-term storage than other storage media available today and can be
manufactured at lower cost. Further clinical development was put on hold due to the lack of funding.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In addition, BioFirst was incorporated on November
7, 2006, focusing on the R&amp;D, manufacturing, and sales of innovative patented pharmaceutical products. The technology of BioFirst
comes from the global exclusive licensing agreements BioFirst maintains with domestic R &amp; D institutions. Currently, BioFirst&#8217;s
main research and development product is the vitreous substitute (Vitargus&#174;), licensed by the National Health Research Institutes.
Vitargus is the world&#8217;s first bio-degradable vitreous substitute and offers a number of advantages over current vitreous substitutes
by minimizing medical complications and reducing the need for additional surgeries.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">BioFirst has started the construction of a
GMP factory in Hsinchu Biomedical Science Park, Taiwan, with the aim at building a production base to supply the global market, and promote
the construction of bio-degradable vitreous substitute manufacturing centers in Taiwan. Completion of this factory would allow ABVC to
manufacture Vitargus with world-class technology in a GMP certified pharmaceutical factory. BioFirst is targeting to complete the construction
in 2025.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><span style="text-decoration:underline">Co-Development agreement with BioLite Japan
K.K., a related party</span></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On October 6, 2021 (the &#8220;<b>Completion Date</b>&#8221;),
the Company, Lucidaim Co., Ltd., a Japanese corporation (&#8220;<b>Lucidaim</b>,&#8221; together with the Company, the &#8220;<b>Shareholders</b>&#8221;),
and BioLite Japan K.K., a Japanese corporation (&#8220;<b>Biolite JP&#8221;</b>) entered into a Joint Venture Agreement (the &#8220;<b>Agreement</b>&#8221;).
Biolite JP is a private limited company (a Japanese <i>Kabushiki Kaisha</i>) incorporated on December 18, 2018 and at the date of the
Agreement has 10,000 ordinary shares authorized, with 3,049 ordinary shares issued and outstanding (the &#8220;<b>Ordinary Shares</b>&#8221;).
Immediately prior to the execution of the Agreement, Lucidaim owned 1,501 ordinary shares and the Company owned the 1,548 ordinary shares.
The Shareholders entered into the joint venture to formally reduce to writing their desire to invest in and operate Biolite as a joint
venture. The business of the joint venture shall be the research and development of drugs, medical device and digital media, investment,
fund running and consulting, distribution and marketing of supplements carried on by Biolite and its subsidiaries in Japan, or any other
territory or businesses as may from time to time be agreed by an amendment to the Agreement. The closing of the transaction is conditioned
upon the approval and receipt of all necessary government approvals, which have been received.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Pursuant to the Agreement and the related share
transfer agreement, the Company shall transfer 54 of its Ordinary Shares to Lucidaim for no consideration, such that following the transfer,
Lucidaim shall own 1,555 Ordinary Shares (51%) and the Company shall own 1,494 Ordinary Shares (49%). Also pursuant to the Agreement,
there shall be 3 directors of Biolite JP, consisting of 1 director appointed by the Company and 2 appointed by Lucidiam. The Company shall
appoint Eugene Jiang, the Company&#8217;s current Chairman and Chief Business Officer and Lucidaim shall appoint Michihito Onishi; the
current director of Biolite JP, Toru Seo (who is also a director of BioLite Japan&#8217;s other shareholder), is considered the second
Lucidaim director.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Agreement further provides that the Company
and Biolite shall assign the research collaboration and license agreement between them to Biolite or prepare the same (the &#8220;<b>License
Agreement</b>&#8221;). The aforementioned transactions occurred on the Completion Date.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">As per the Agreement, the Shareholders shall supervise
and manage the business and operations of Biolite JP. The directors shall not be entitled to any renumeration for their services as a
director and each Shareholder can remove and replace the director he/she/it appointed. If a Shareholder sells or disposes of all of its
Ordinary Shares, the director such Shareholder appointed must tender his/her resignation. The Agreement also sets forth certain corporate
actions that must be pre-approved by all Shareholders (the &#8220;<b>Reserved Matters</b>&#8221;). If the Shareholders are unable to make
a decision on any Reserved Matter, then either Shareholder can submit a deadlock notice to the other shareholder, 5 days after which they
must refer the matter to each Shareholder&#8217;s chairman and use good faith to resolve the dispute. If such dispute is not resolved
within 10 days thereafter, then either Shareholder can offer to buy all of the other Shareholder&#8217;s Ordinary Shares for cash at a
specified price; if there is not affirmative acceptance of the sale, the sale shall proceed as set forth in the sale offer.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Each of the Shareholders maintains a pre-emptive
right to purchase such number of additional Ordinary Shares as would allow such Shareholder to maintain its ownership percentage in Biolite
JP if Biolite JP issues any new Ordinary Shares. However, the Agreement provides that the Company shall lose its pre-emptive rights under
certain conditions. The Shareholders also maintain a right of first refusal if the other Shareholder receives an offer to buy such shareholder&#8217;s
Ordinary Shares.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Agreement also requires Biolite JP to obtain
a bank facility in the amount of JPY 30,460,000 (approximately USD272,000), for its initial working capital purposes. Pursuant to the
Agreement, each Shareholder agrees to guarantee such bank facility if the bank requires a guarantee. Accordingly, the Company may be liable
for the bank facility in an amount up to JPY 14,925,400 (approximately USD134,000), which represents 49% of the maximum bank facility.
The Agreement further provides that Biolite JP shall issue annual dividends at the rate of at least 1.5% of Biolite JP&#8217;s profits,
if it has sufficient cash to do so.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">Pursuant to the agreement between the Company
and BioLite JP, both parties agreed to use their best efforts to execute a License Agreement by the end of December 2021. Under the terms
of the agreement, negotiations on behalf of BioLite JP are conducted by directors appointed by Lucidaim. If the Company and such directors
do not reach agreement on the terms, BioLite JP may, at its sole discretion, elect not to execute the License Agreement without any liability
to the Company. The company is negotiating on the licensing terms and expects to conclude soon.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Agreement contains non-solicitation and non-compete
clauses for a period of 2 years after a Shareholder or its subsidiaries ceases to be a Shareholder, with such restrictive covenants limited
to business within the ophthalmologic filed or central neurological field. Any rights to intellectual property that arise from Biolite
JP&#8217;s activities, shall belong to Biolite JP.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Agreement contains standard indemnification
terms, except that no indemnifying party shall have any liability for an individual liability unless it exceeds JPY 500,000 (approximately
USD4,500) and until the aggregate amount of all liabilities exceeds JPY 2,000,000 (approximately USD18,000) and then only to the extent
such liability exceed such limit.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company paid $150,000 towards the setup of
the joint venture; BioLite Japan&#8217;s other shareholder also paid $150,000 after the Letter of Intent was signed.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Agreement shall continue for 10 years, unless
earlier terminated. The Agreement also allows a Shareholder to terminate the agreement upon certain defaults committed by another Shareholder,
as set forth in the Agreement.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">This was a related party transaction.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In November 2021, the Company received $4,244,452
in gross proceeds from the exercise of warrants issued in the Company&#8217;s August 3, 2021, public offering of securities. Investors
exercised a total of 673,405 Series A warrants at a price of $6.30 per share, and 200 Series B warrants at a price of $10 per share.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>BioKey Revenues</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In addition to collaborative agreements, ABVC
earns revenue through its wholly owned BioKey subsidiary which provides a wide range of Contract Development &amp; Manufacturing Organization
(&#8220;CDMO&#8221;) services including API characterization, pre-formulation studies, formulation development, analytical method development,
stability studies, IND/NDA/ANDA/510K submissions, and manufacturing clinical trial materials (from Phase I through Phase III) and commercial
manufacturing of pharmaceutical products.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In addition, BioKey provides a variety of regulatory
services tailored to the needs of its customers, which include proofreading and regulatory review of submission documents related to formulation
development, clinical trials, marketed products, generics, nutraceuticals and OTC products and training presentations. In addition to
supporting ABVC&#8217;s new drug development, BioKey submits INDs, NDAs, ANDAs, and DMFs to the FDA, on ABVC&#8217;s behalf in compliance
with new electronic submission guidelines of the FDA.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><span style="text-decoration:underline">Impact of COVID-19 Outbreak</span></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On January 30, 2020, the World Health Organization
declared the coronavirus outbreak a &#8220;Public Health Emergency of International Concern&#8221; and on March 10, 2020, declared it
to be a pandemic. Actions taken around the world to help mitigate the spread of the coronavirus include restrictions on travel, and quarantines
in certain areas, and forced closures for certain types of public places and businesses. The coronavirus and actions taken to mitigate
it have had and are expected to continue to have an adverse impact on the economies and financial markets of many countries, including
the geographical area in which the Company operates.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, our revenue for
the fiscal 2022 were significantly impacted. In 2023, our business started recovering from the COVID-19 impact. We have been working on
new contracts towards revenue generation and increase in sales of existing products and incorporating new products for sale.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The COVID-19 pandemic, including variants, has
adversely affected, and is expected to continue to adversely affect, elements of our CDMO business sector. The COVID-19 pandemic government
imposed restrictions constrained researcher access to labs globally. These constraints limited scientific discovery capacity and we observed
that demand in those labs fell well below historic levels. As constraints on social distancing were gradually lifted around the world
recently, labs have been able to increase research activity. While we believe that underlying demand is still not yet at pre-COVID-19
levels since lab operations remain below their normal capacity, we are hopeful that the vaccination programs that are underway combined
with policy changes planned for the summer will further increase research activity and support a return to pre-COVID-19 demand levels
worldwide.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The global pandemic of COVID-19 continues to evolve
rapidly, and we will continue to monitor the situation closely, including its potential effect on our plans and timelines.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Additionally, it is reasonably possible that estimates
made in the financial statements have been, or will be, materially and adversely impacted in the near term as a result of these conditions,
including losses on inventory; impairment losses related to goodwill and other long-lived assets and current obligations.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b style="-keep: true">Restatement of Consolidated Financial Statements</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">The Company restated its financial statements
as of and for the year ended December 31, 2023 (the &#8220;2023 Restatement&#8221;), to correct misstatements in those prior periods
related to improperly applying accounting guidance on the share-based payments, incorrectly recognizing interest expenses upon the conversion
of convertible debts, and misidentifying the existence of non-controlling interest of our subsidiary.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 8pt; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">The Company entered into a cooperation agreement
on August 14, 2023, with Zhong Hui Lian He Ji Tuan, Ltd. (the &#8220;Zhonghui&#8221;) to acquire 20% of the ownership of certain property
and a parcel of the land. According to the agreement, the Company issued 370,000 shares of its common stock as the consideration, and
used $20 dollar per share to recognize the right as construction in progress on the balance sheet.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 8pt; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">At the time of preparing its financial statements
for fiscal 2024, the Company reviewed the entire transaction, its relevant agreements and documentation, as well as the applicable accounting
guidance. The Company applied FASB Accounting Standard Codification (&#8220;ASC&#8221;) 845 Nonmonetary Transactions to determine the
fair value of the asset acquired would be more evident than the fair value of the consideration in exchange, the Company&#8217;s restricted
common stocks. The real estates acquired comes with a third-party valuation of $7,400,000 per the Company&#8217;s stake, which the value
of the acquired assets is guaranteed by Zhonghui. Upon further review, the Company considered ASC 718 Compensation - Stock Compensation,
should have been the appropriate guidance to apply given the Company&#8217;s common stocks are listed in Nasdaq with more observable
fair value (Level 1). Furthermore, at the time of issuance of these financial statements, no real estate title was transferred to the
Company. As a result, the Company adjusted the carrying value of the asset and reclassified the balance to &#8220;Prepayment for asset
acquisition&#8221; account to reflect the value of 370,000 shares issued at $1.87, the closing price as of the contract date. The Company
also corrected the share price used to recognize stock compensation expense from $20 to $1.87 for the 29,600 shares of common stock issued
on the same day to several consultants. As a result, these adjustments reduced $6,708,100 for asset recognized and $536,648 for stock-compensation
expense incurred in 2023.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">In February 2023, the Company issued a convertible
note to LIND Global Fund II, LP. Due to misapplication of ASC 470-20 instead of ASC 815-40, the Company overstated interest expenses
$1,179,667 for the year ended December 31, 2023. The overstatement is offsetting against additional paid-in capital due to the convertible
note being converted to the Company&#8217;s own common stocks instead of being repaid or disposition.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">In November 2023, the Company and one of its
subsidiaries entered into a licensing agreement with AiBtl. The Company accounted for a 100% control of AiBtl as of December 31, 2023,
but later discovered that AiBtl had outstanding founder shares that were not deposited to the stock transfer agent in the timely manner.
Such shares reduced the Company&#8217;s controlling interest from 100% to 69.70%. Accordingly, the Company adjusted the relevant accounts
in our consolidated financial statements.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">As discussed in Note 12 to the financial statements
for the year ended December 31, 2024, in July 2019 the Company issued 644,972 shares (post-split) of the Company&#8217;s common stock
to four consultants for their services. Such stock-based expenses were amortized over 5 years starting from the issuance date. Per the
Company&#8217;s further review, the services, along with the agreements, were completed by December 31, 2022. Pursuant to ASC 718, the
costs of services should be recognized along with the period when services are received. Therefore, the Company reversed share-based
compensation expenses of $451,480 and $902,960 for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The accumulated deficit
as of December 31, 2022, was corrected with the Stock Subscription Receivables for $1,354,440 as a result of such adjustments.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">For further details about the impact of the
Restatement, please see the Notes to the Company&#8217;s financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2024, included in its Annual
Report on Form 10-K that was filed with the SEC on April 15, 2025.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b style="-keep: true">&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b style="-keep: true"><i>Impact of the Restatement</i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 6.4pt 0pt 8pt; text-align: justify"><b style="-keep: true"><i>&#160;</i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">The impact of the restatement on the balance
sheets, statements of operations, and statements of cash flows as of and for the year ended December 31, 2023 is presented below.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b style="-keep: true">&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="10" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><span style="-keep: true">December 31, 2023</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
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    <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><span style="-keep: true">As <br/>
Reported</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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Restated</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">(7,400,000</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">)</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">-</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
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Reported</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">(394,632</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">)</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">(98,162</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">)</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">(492,794</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">Basic and diluted net loss per common share</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">(2.43</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">)</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">0.63</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">(1.80</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">)</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="10" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><span style="-keep: true">Year Ended December 31, 2023</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><span style="-keep: true">Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><span style="-keep: true">As <br/>
Reported</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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Restated</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 64%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">Net income (loss)</span></td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">(10,910,288</span></td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">)</span></td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
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    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">1,635,708</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">(1,449,775</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">)</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">185,933</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">Other non-cash income and expenses</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">2,413,746</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">(1,169,504</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">)</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">1,244,242</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">Accrued expenses and other current liabilities</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">786,793</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">(148,028</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">)</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">638,765</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">Net cash used in operating activities</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">(4,048,985</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">)</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">(137,863</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">)</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">(4,186,848</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">Due to related parties*</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">(186,860</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">)</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">361</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">(186,499</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">Proceeds from subsidiary&#8217;s common stock subscription</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">137,500</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">137,500</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">Net cash provided by financing activities</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">3,732,100</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">137,861</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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  </table><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 10pt">*</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Due
                                            to related parties previously reported amount was reclassified to financing activities based
                                            on current year&#8217;s presentation.</span></td>
</tr></table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b style="-keep: true">&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 56; Value: 1 --><div>
    </div><div style="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->50<!-- Field: /Sequence --></p></div><div>
    </div><div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div><div>
    </div><!-- Field: /Page --><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b style="-keep: true">&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b style="-keep: true"><i>Impact of the Restatement to the March
31, 2024 interim financial statements</i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 8pt; text-align: justify"><b style="-keep: true"><i>&#160;</i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">The impact of the restatement on the balance
sheets, statements of operations, and statements of cash flows as of and for the three months ended March 31, 2024 is presented below.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b style="-keep: true">&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="10" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><span style="-keep: true">March 31, 2024</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b style="-keep: true">Unaudited Condensed</b></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b style="-keep: true">Consolidated
                                            Balance Sheets</b></p></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><span style="-keep: true">As <br/>
Reported</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><span style="-keep: true">Adjustments</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><span style="-keep: true">As <br/>
Restated</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 64%; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">Prepaid expense and other current asset</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">159,602</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">223,707</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">383,309</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
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    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">549,150</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">Prepayment for asset acquisition</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">691,900</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
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    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">7,976,010</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
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    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">(9,025,036</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">)</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">7,792,076</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">(6,092,525</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">)</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
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    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">(305,121</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">)</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">64,040</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">(241,081</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">Total Equity</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">7,486,955</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="10" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><span style="-keep: true">Three Months Ended March 31,
    2024</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b style="-keep: true">Unaudited Condensed</b></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b style="-keep: true">Consolidated
                                            Statements of Operations</b></p></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><span style="-keep: true">As <br/>
Reported</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><span style="-keep: true">As <br/>
Restated</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 64%; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">Selling, general and administrative expenses</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">831,257</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">(92,771</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">)</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">738,486</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">Stock based compensation</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">2,544,995</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">(513,364</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">)</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">2,031,631</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">Interest expenses</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">(684,683</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">)</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">503,007</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">(181,676</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">(48,043</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">)</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">(45,425</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">)</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">(93,468</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">Net loss</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">(3,981,019</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">)</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">1,053,352</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">Basic and diluted net loss per common share</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">(0.40</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">)</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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  </table><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="10" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><span style="-keep: true">Three Months Ended March 31,
    2024</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b style="-keep: true">Unaudited Condensed</b></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b style="-keep: true">Consolidated
                                            Statements of Cash Flows</b></p></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><span style="-keep: true">As <br/>
Reported</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><span style="-keep: true">Adjustments</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><span style="-keep: true">As <br/>
Restated</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 64%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">Net loss</span></td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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  </table><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 10pt">*</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Due
                                            to related parties previously reported amount was reclassified to financing activities based
                                            on current year&#8217;s presentation.</span></td>
</tr></table><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p><div>

</div><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 57; Value: 1 --><div>
    </div><div style="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->51<!-- Field: /Sequence --></p></div><div>
    </div><div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div><div>
    </div><!-- Field: /Page --><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Summary of Critical Accounting Policies</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Basis of Presentation</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The accompanying consolidated financial statements
have been prepared in accordance with the generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (the &#8220;U.S. GAAP&#8221;).
All significant intercompany transactions and account balances have been eliminated.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">This basis of accounting involves the application
of accrual accounting and consequently, revenues and gains are recognized when earned, and expenses and losses are recognized when incurred.
The Company&#8217;s financial statements are expressed in U.S. dollars.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Fiscal Year</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company changed its fiscal year from the period
beginning on October 1<sup>st</sup> and ending on September 30<sup>th</sup> to the period beginning on January 1<sup>st</sup> and ending
on December 31<sup>st</sup>, beginning January 1, 2018.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Use of Estimates</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The preparation of financial statements in conformity
with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that
affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated
financial statements and the amount of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results could differ materially from
those results.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Stock Reverse Split</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On July 25, 2023, the Company filed a Certificate
of Amendment to its Articles of Incorporation authorizing a 1-for-10 reverse stock split of the issued and outstanding shares of its common
stock. The Company&#8217;s stockholders previously approved the Reverse Stock Split at the Company&#8217;s Special Shareholder Meeting
held on July 7, 2023. The Reverse Stock Split was effected to reduce the number of issued and outstanding shares and to increase the per
share trading value of the Company&#8217;s common stock, although that outcome is not guaranteed. In turn, the Company believes that the
Reverse Stock Split will enable the Company to restore compliance with certain continued listing standards of NASDAQ Capital Market. All
shares and related financial information in this Form 10-K reflect this 1-for-10 reverse stock split.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p><div>

</div><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 58; Value: 1 --><div>
    </div><div style="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->52<!-- Field: /Sequence --></p></div><div>
    </div><div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div><div>
    </div><!-- Field: /Page --><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Fair Value Measurements</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">FASB ASC 820, &#8220;Fair Value Measurements&#8221;
defines fair value for certain financial and nonfinancial assets and liabilities that are recorded at fair value, establishes a framework
for measuring fair value and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. It requires that an entity measure its financial instruments
to base fair value on exit price, maximize the use of observable units and minimize the use of unobservable inputs to determine the exit
price. It establishes a hierarchy which prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value. This hierarchy increases
the consistency and comparability of fair value measurements and related disclosures by maximizing the use of observable inputs and minimizing
the use of unobservable inputs by requiring that observable inputs be used when available. Observable inputs are inputs that reflect the
assumptions market participants would use in pricing the assets or liabilities based on market data obtained from sources independent
of the Company. Unobservable inputs are inputs that reflect the Company&#8217;s own assumptions about the assumptions market participants
would use in pricing the asset or liability developed based on the best information available in the circumstances. The hierarchy prioritizes
the inputs into three broad levels based on the reliability of the inputs as follows:</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Level 1 - Inputs are quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the Company has the ability to access at the measurement date. Valuation of these instruments does not require a high degree of judgment as the valuations are based on quoted prices in active markets that are readily and regularly available.</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Level 2 - Inputs other than quoted prices in active markets that are either directly or indirectly observable as of the measurement date, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Level 3 - Valuations based on inputs that are unobservable and not corroborated by market data. The fair value for such assets and liabilities is generally determined using pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies, or similar techniques that incorporate the assumptions a market participant would use in pricing the asset or liability.</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The carrying values of certain assets and liabilities
of the Company, such as cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivable, due from related parties, inventory, prepaid
expenses and other current assets, accounts payable, accrued liabilities, and due to related parties approximate fair value due to their
relatively short maturities. The carrying value of the Company&#8217;s short-term bank loan, convertible notes payable, and accrued interest
approximates their fair value as the terms of the borrowing are consistent with current market rates and the duration to maturity is short.
The carrying value of the Company&#8217;s long-term bank loan approximates fair value because the interest rates approximate market rates
that the Company could obtain for debt with similar terms and maturities.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Concentration of Clients</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024,
management estimated all accounts receivable balances are uncollectible. Provision credit loss balances were $11,993 and $11,993 as of
March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">As of December 31, 2024, management estimated
all accounts receivable balances are uncollectible and recognized $11,993 of credit loss.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">As of December 31, 2023, the most major client,
specializes in developing and commercializing of dietary supplements and therapeutics in dietary supplement industry, accounted for 87%
of the Company&#8217;s total account receivable.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">For the year ended December 31, 2024, the
out-licensing income from our two major licensees, accounts for 58% and 39% of the Company&#8217;s total revenues.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="-keep: true">For the year ended December 31, 2023, the most major client, distributing
nutritional supplement in Asia Pacific, accounted for 80% of the Company&#8217;s total revenues.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Cash and Cash Equivalents</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">The Company considers highly liquid investments
with maturities of three months or less to be cash equivalents when purchased. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company&#8217;s
cash and cash equivalents amounted to $152,206 and $248,382, respectively.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="-keep: true">The Company considers highly liquid investments with maturities
of three months or less to be cash equivalents when purchased. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company&#8217;s cash and cash equivalents
amounted to $248,382 and $60,155, respectively. Some of the Company&#8217;s cash deposits are held in financial institutions located
in Taiwan where there is currently regulation mandated on obligatory insurance of bank accounts. The Company believes this financial
institution is of high credit quality.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Restricted Cash </span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">Restricted cash primarily consist of cash
held in a reserve bank account in Taiwan.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024,
the Company&#8217;s restricted cash amounted $607,362 (NTD 20.2 million) and $615,433 (NTD 20.2 million), respectively.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="-keep: true">As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company&#8217;s restricted
cash amounted $615,433 (NTD 20.2 million) and $656,625 (NTD 20.1 million), respectively.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Concentration of Credit Risk</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company&#8217;s financial instruments that
are exposed to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents. The Company places its cash and temporary
cash investments in high quality credit institutions, but these investments may be in excess of Taiwan Central Deposit Insurance Corporation
and the U.S. Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation&#8217;s insurance limits. The Company does not enter into financial instruments for
hedging, trading or speculative purposes.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We perform ongoing credit evaluation of our customers
and requires no collateral. An allowance for doubtful accounts is provided based on a review of the collectability of accounts receivable.
We determine the amount of allowance for doubtful accounts by examining its historical collection experience and current trends in the
credit quality of its customers as well as its internal credit policies. Actual credit losses may differ from our estimates.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Accounts receivable and allowance for expected
credit losses accounts</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Accounts receivable is recorded and carried at
the original invoiced amount less an allowance for any potential uncollectible amounts.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company make estimates of expected credit
and collectability trends for the allowance for credit losses and allowance for unbilled receivables based upon our assessment of various
factors, including historical experience, the age of the accounts receivable balances, credit quality of customers, current economic conditions
reasonable and supportable forecasts of future economic conditions, and other factors that may affect our ability to collect from customers.
The provision is recorded against accounts receivable balances, with a corresponding charge recorded in the consolidated statements of
income. Actual amounts received may differ from management&#8217;s estimate of credit worthiness and the economic environment. Delinquent
account balances are written-off against the allowance for doubtful accounts after management has determined that the likelihood of collection
is not probable.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">Allowance for expected credit losses accounts
were $616,397 and $616,414 as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">Allowance for expected credit losses accounts
was $616,414 and $616,505 as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Revenue Recognition</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">The Company recognizes revenue in accordance
with ASC Topic 606 (ASC 606), Revenue from Contracts with Customers.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Pursuant to ASC 606, the Company recognizes revenue
when its customer obtains control of promised goods or services, in an amount that reflects the consideration that the Company expects
to receive in exchange for those goods or services. To determine revenue recognition for arrangements that the Company determines is within
the scope of ASC 606, the Company performs the following five steps: (i) identify the contract(s) with a customer; (ii) identify the performance
obligations in the contract; (iii) determine the transaction price; (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations
in the contract; and (v) recognize revenue when (or as) the Company satisfies a performance obligation. The Company only applies the five-step
model to contracts when it is probable that the Company will collect the consideration the Company is entitled to in exchange for the
goods or services the Company transfers to the customers. At inception of the contract, once the contract is determined to be within the
scope of ASC 606, the Company assesses the goods or services promised within each contract, determines those that are performance obligations,
and assesses whether each promised good or service is distinct. The Company then recognizes as revenue the amount of the transaction price
that is allocated to the respective performance obligation when (or as) the performance obligation is satisfied.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The following are examples of when the Company
recognizes revenue based on the types of payments the Company receives.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Collaborative Revenues - </b>The Company recognizes
collaborative revenues generated through collaborative research, development and/or commercialization agreements. The terms of these agreements
typically include payment to the Company related to one or more of the following: non-refundable upfront license fees, development and
commercial milestones, partial or complete reimbursement of research and development costs, and royalties on net sales of licensed products.
Each type of payments results in collaborative revenues except for revenues from royalties on net sales of licensed products, which are
classified as royalty revenues. To date, the Company has not received any royalty revenues. Revenue is recognized upon satisfaction of
a performance obligation by transferring control of a good or service to the collaboration partners.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">As part of the accounting for these arrangements,
the Company applies judgment to determine whether the performance obligations are distinct, and develop assumptions in determining the
stand-alone selling price for each distinct performance obligation identified in the collaboration agreements. To determine the stand-alone
selling price, the Company relies on assumptions which may include forecasted revenues, development timelines, reimbursement rates for
R&amp;D personnel costs, discount rates and probabilities of technical and regulatory success.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company had multiple deliverables under the
collaborative agreements, including deliverables relating to grants of technology licenses, regulatory and clinical development, and marketing
activities. Estimation of the performance periods of the Company&#8217;s deliverables requires the use of management&#8217;s judgment.
Significant factors considered in management&#8217;s evaluation of the estimated performance periods include, but are not limited to,
the Company&#8217;s experience in conducting clinical development, regulatory and manufacturing activities. The Company reviews the estimated
duration of its performance periods under its collaborative agreements on an annually basis, and makes any appropriate adjustments on
a prospective basis. Future changes in estimates of the performance period under its collaborative agreements could impact the timing
of future revenue recognition.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">(i) Non-refundable upfront payments</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">If a license to the Company&#8217;s intellectual
property is determined to be distinct from the other performance obligations identified in an arrangement, the Company recognizes revenue
from the related non-refundable upfront payments based on the relative standalone selling price prescribed to the license compared to
the total selling price of the arrangement. The revenue is recognized when the license is transferred to the collaboration partners and
the collaboration partners are able to use and benefit from the license. To date, the receipt of non-refundable upfront fees was solely
for the compensation of past research efforts and contributions made by the Company before the collaborative agreements entered into and
it does not relate to any future obligations and commitments made between the Company and the collaboration partners in the collaborative
agreements.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">(ii) Milestone payments</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company is eligible to receive milestone payments
under the collaborative agreement with collaboration partners based on achievement of specified development, regulatory and commercial
events. Management evaluated the nature of the events triggering these contingent payments, and concluded that these events fall into
two categories: (a) events which involve the performance of the Company&#8217;s obligations under the collaborative agreement with collaboration
partners, and (b) events which do not involve the performance of the Company&#8217;s obligations under the collaborative agreement with
collaboration partners.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The former category of milestone payments consists
of those triggered by development and regulatory activities in the territories specified in the collaborative agreements. Management concluded
that each of these payments constitute substantive milestone payments. This conclusion was based primarily on the facts that (i) each
triggering event represents a specific outcome that can be achieved only through successful performance by the Company of one or more
of its deliverables, (ii) achievement of each triggering event was subject to inherent risk and uncertainty and would result in additional
payments becoming due to the Company, (iii) each of the milestone payments is non-refundable, (iv) substantial effort is required to complete
each milestone, (v) the amount of each milestone payment is reasonable in relation to the value created in achieving the milestone, (vi)
a substantial amount of time is expected to pass between the upfront payment and the potential milestone payments, and (vii) the milestone
payments relate solely to past performance. Based on the foregoing, the Company recognizes any revenue from these milestone payments in
the period in which the underlying triggering event occurs.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

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</div><p style="text-indent: 20pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">(iii) Multiple Element Arrangements</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company evaluates multiple element arrangements
to determine (1) the deliverables included in the arrangement and (2) whether the individual deliverables represent separate units of
accounting or whether they must be accounted for as a combined unit of accounting. This evaluation involves subjective determinations
and requires management to make judgments about the individual deliverables and whether such deliverables are separate from other aspects
of the contractual relationship. Deliverables are considered separate units of accounting provided that: (i) the delivered item(s) has
value to the customer on a standalone basis and (ii) if the arrangement includes a general right of return relative to the delivered item(s),
delivery or performance of the undelivered item(s) is considered probable and substantially within its control. In assessing whether an
item under a collaboration has standalone value, the Company considers factors such as the research, manufacturing, and commercialization
capabilities of the collaboration partner and the availability of the associated expertise in the general marketplace. The Company also
considers whether its collaboration partners can use the other deliverable(s) for their intended purpose without the receipt of the remaining
element(s), whether the value of the deliverable is dependent on the undelivered item(s), and whether there are other vendors that can
provide the undelivered element(s).</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company recognizes arrangement consideration
allocated to each unit of accounting when all of the revenue recognition criteria in ASC 606 are satisfied for that particular unit of
accounting. In the event that a deliverable does not represent a separate unit of accounting, the Company recognizes revenue from the
combined unit of accounting over the Company&#8217;s contractual or estimated performance period for the undelivered elements, which is
typically the term of the Company&#8217;s research and development obligations. If there is no discernible pattern of performance or objectively
measurable performance measures do not exist, then the Company recognizes revenue under the arrangement on a straight-line basis over
the period the Company is expected to complete its performance obligations. Conversely, if the pattern of performance in which the service
is provided to the customer can be determined and objectively measurable performance measures exist, then the Company recognizes revenue
under the arrangement using the proportional performance method. Revenue recognized is limited to the lesser of the cumulative amount
of payments received or the cumulative amount of revenue earned, as determined using the straight-line method or proportional performance
method, as applicable, as of the period ending date.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">At the inception of an arrangement that includes
milestone payments, the Company evaluates whether each milestone is substantive and at risk to both parties on the basis of the contingent
nature of the milestone. This evaluation includes an assessment of whether: (1) the consideration is commensurate with either the Company&#8217;s
performance to achieve the milestone or the enhancement of the value of the delivered item(s) as a result of a specific outcome resulting
from its performance to achieve the milestone, (2) the consideration relates solely to past performance and (3) the consideration is reasonable
relative to all of the deliverables and payment terms within the arrangement. The Company evaluates factors such as the scientific, clinical,
regulatory, commercial, and other risks that must be overcome to achieve the particular milestone and the level of effort and investment
required to achieve the particular milestone in making this assessment. There is considerable judgment involved in determining whether
a milestone satisfies all of the criteria required to conclude that a milestone is substantive. Milestones that are not considered substantive
are recognized as earned if there are no remaining performance obligations or over the remaining period of performance, assuming all other
revenue recognition criteria are met.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">(iv) Royalties and Profit Sharing Payments</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Under the collaborative agreement with the collaboration
partners, the Company is entitled to receive royalties on sales of products, which is at certain percentage of the net sales. The Company
recognizes revenue from these events based on the revenue recognition criteria set forth in ASC 606. Based on those criteria, the Company
considers these payments to be contingent revenues, and recognizes them as revenue in the period in which the applicable contingency is
resolved.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Revenues Derived from Research and Development
Activities Services - Revenues related to research and development and regulatory activities are recognized when the related services
or activities are performed, in accordance with the contract terms. The Company typically has only one performance obligation at the inception
of a contract, which is to perform research and development services. The Company may also provide its customers with an option to request
that the Company provides additional goods or services in the future, such as active pharmaceutical ingredient, API, or IND/NDA/ANDA/510K
submissions. The Company evaluates whether these options are material rights at the inception of the contract. If the Company determines
an option is a material right, the Company will consider the option a separate performance obligation.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">If the Company is entitled to reimbursement from
its customers for specified research and development expenses, the Company accounts for the related services that it provides as separate
performance obligations if it determines that these services represent a material right. The Company also determines whether the reimbursement
of research and development expenses should be accounted for as revenues or an offset to research and development expenses in accordance
with provisions of gross or net revenue presentation. The Company recognizes the corresponding revenues or records the corresponding offset
to research and development expenses as it satisfies the related performance obligations.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company then determines the transaction price
by reviewing the amount of consideration the Company is eligible to earn under the contracts, including any variable consideration. Under
the outstanding contracts, consideration typically includes fixed consideration and variable consideration in the form of potential milestone
payments. At the start of an agreement, the Company&#8217;s transaction price usually consists of the payments made to or by the Company
based on the number of full-time equivalent researchers assigned to the project and the related research and development expenses incurred.
The Company does not typically include any payments that the Company may receive in the future in its initial transaction price because
the payments are not probable. The Company would reassess the total transaction price at each reporting period to determine if the Company
should include additional payments in the transaction price.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company receives payments from its customers
based on billing schedules established in each contract. Upfront payments and fees may be recorded as advance from customers upon receipt
or when due, and may require deferral of revenue recognition to a future period until the Company performs its obligations under these
arrangements. Amounts are recorded as accounts receivable when the right of the Company to consideration is unconditional. The Company
does not assess whether a contract has a significant financing component if the expectation at contract inception is such that the period
between payment by the customers and the transfer of the promised goods or services to the customers will be one year or less.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Property and Equipment</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Property and equipment is carried at cost net
of accumulated depreciation. Repairs and maintenance are expensed as incurred. Expenditures that improve the functionality of the related
asset or extend the useful life are capitalized. When property and equipment is retired or otherwise disposed of, the related gain or
loss is included in operating income. Leasehold improvements are depreciated on the straight-line method over the shorter of the remaining
lease term or estimated useful life of the asset. Depreciation is calculated on the straight-line method, including property and equipment
under capital leases, generally based on the following useful lives:</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: justify">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Estimated<br/> Life in<br/> Years</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 88%; text-align: justify">Buildings and leasehold improvements</td><td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 11%; text-align: center">5 ~ 50</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: justify">Machinery and equipment</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: center">5 ~ 10</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: justify">Office equipment</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: center">3 ~ 6</td></tr>
  </table><div>



</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Impairment of Long-Lived Assets</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">The Company has adopted ASC subtopic 360-10,
Property, Plant and Equipment (&#8220;ASC 360-10&#8221;). ASC 360-10 requires that long-lived assets and certain identifiable intangibles
held and used by the Company be reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount
of an asset may not be recoverable. The Company evaluates its long-lived assets for impairment annually or more often if events and circumstances
warrant. Events relating to recoverability may include significant unfavorable changes in business conditions, recurring losses, or a
forecasted inability to achieve break-even operating results over an extended period. Should impairment in value be indicated, the carrying
value of intangible assets will be adjusted, based on estimates of future discounted cash flows resulting from the use and ultimate disposition
of the asset. ASC 360-10 also requires assets to be disposed of be reported at the lower of the carrying amount or the fair value less
costs to sell.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Long-term Equity Investment</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">The
                                            Company acquires the equity investments to promote business and strategic objectives. The
                                            accounting treatment for equity investments, where the Company does not have control over
                                            the investees, is as follows:</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 0.25in"/><td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Marketable
                                            equity investments: The Company measures marketable equity securities at fair value at each
                                            reporting date, with unrealized gains and losses recognized in net income in accordance with
                                            ASC 321. Fair value is determined based on quoted market prices or other observable inputs.</span></td>
</tr></table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 0.25in"/><td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Non-marketable
                                            equity investments: When the equity method does not apply, non-marketable equity investments
                                            are accounted for at cost, adjusted for observable price changes in orderly transactions
                                            for identical or similar investments and for impairments, if applicable.</span></td>
</tr></table><div>

</div><p style="margin: 0"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 0.25in"/><td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Equity
                                            method investments: Investments in which the Company has the ability to exercise significant
                                            influence, but not control, over the investee, are accounted for using the equity method.
                                            The Company recognizes its proportionate share of the investee&#8217;s income or loss in
                                            gains (losses) on equity investments on a monthly basis.</span></td>
</tr></table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="-keep: true">Significant judgment is required to identify
whether an impairment exists in the valuation of the Company&#8217;s non-marketable equity investments, considering this a critical accounting
estimate. Its yearly analysis considers both qualitative and quantitative factors that may have a significant impact on the investee&#8217;s
fair value. Qualitative analysis of its investments involves understanding the financial performance and near-term prospects of the investee,
changes in general market conditions in the investee&#8217;s industry or geographic area, and the management and governance structure
of the investee. Quantitative assessments of the fair value of its investments are developed using the market and income approaches.
The market approach includes the use of comparable financial metrics of private and public companies and recent financing rounds. The
income approach includes the use of a discounted cash flow model, which requires significant estimates regarding the investees&#8217;
revenue, costs, and discount rates. The Company&#8217;s assessment of these factors in determining whether an impairment exists could
change in the future due to new developments or changes in applied assumptions.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p><div>

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    </div><div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div><div>
    </div><!-- Field: /Page --><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Other-Than-Temporary Impairment</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">The Company periodically reviews its non-marketable
equity investments and equity method investments, with recognition in earnings when declines in value are considered other than temporary.
the Company assesses the severity and duration of any impairment, along with qualitative and quantitative factors, such as the investee&#8217;s
financial performance, adverse market or regulatory conditions, operational changes, or additional funding needs. Evidence of a loss
in value might include the inability to recover the carrying amount of the investment or the investee&#8217;s failure to sustain earnings
capacity to justify its valuation. Impairments deemed other than temporary are recorded in gains (losses) on equity investments, even
if the decline exceeds the losses recognized under the equity method, where applicable.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Convertible Notes Payable</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">The Company accounts for convertible notes
payable in accordance with ASC 470-20, Debt with Conversion and Other Options, and ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging, as applicable. Upon
issuance, the Company evaluates whether the embedded conversion feature should be bifurcated as a derivative under ASC 815 or classified
within equity under ASC 470-20. This assessment includes analyzing the terms of the conversion feature and determining if it requires
separate accounting. If the conversion feature is classified as equity, the proceeds from the issuance are allocated between the debt
and equity components. The debt component is recorded at its fair value, and the residual amount is allocated to equity. The debt component
is carried at amortized cost, with any discount amortized to interest expense over the term of the note using the effective interest
method. Upon conversion, the carrying amount of the debt is reclassified to equity, and no gain or loss is recognized. If the note is
settled in cash, any difference between the carrying amount and the settlement amount is recognized in earnings.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Warrants</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">The Company accounts for warrants as either
equity-classified or liability-classified instruments based on an assessment of the warrant&#8217;s specific terms and applicable authoritative
guidance in ASC 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity (&#8220;ASC 480&#8221;) and ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging (&#8220;ASC
815&#8221;). The assessment considers whether the warrants are freestanding financial instruments pursuant to ASC 480, meet the definition
of a liability pursuant to ASC 480, and whether the warrants meet all of the requirements for equity classification under ASC 815, including
whether the warrants are indexed to the Company&#8217;s own common shares and whether the warrant holders could potentially require &#8220;net
cash settlement&#8221; in a circumstance outside of the Company&#8217;s control, among other conditions for equity classification. This
assessment, which requires the use of professional judgment, is conducted at the time of warrant issuance and as of each subsequent quarterly
period end date while the warrants are outstanding. The Company determined that upon further review of the warrant agreement, the Public
Warrants issued pursuant to the warrant agreement qualify for equity accounting treatment.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="-keep: true">For issued or modified warrants that meet all of the criteria for
equity classification, the warrants are required to be recorded as a component of equity at the time of issuance. For issued or modified
warrants that do not meet all the criteria for equity classification, the warrants are required to be recorded as liabilities at their
initial fair value on the date of issuance, and each balance sheet date thereafter. Changes in the estimated fair value of the warrants
are recognized as a non-cash gain or loss on the statements of operations.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Research and Development Expenses</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company accounts for the cost of using licensing
rights in research and development cost according to ASC Topic 730-10-25-1. This guidance provides that absent alternative future uses
the acquisition of product rights to be used in research and development activities must be charged to research and development expenses
when incurred.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p><div>

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    </div><div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div><div>
    </div><!-- Field: /Page --><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company accounts for R&amp;D costs in accordance
with Accounting Standards Codification (&#8220;ASC&#8221;) 730, Research and Development (&#8220;ASC 730&#8221;). Research and development
expenses are charged to expense as incurred unless there is an alternative future use in other research and development projects or otherwise.
Research and development expenses are comprised of costs incurred in performing research and development activities, including personnel-related
costs, facilities-related overhead, and outside contracted services including clinical trial costs, manufacturing and process development
costs for both clinical and preclinical materials, research costs, and other consulting services. Non-refundable advance payment for goods
and services that will be used in future research and development activities are expensed when the activity has been performed or when
the goods have been received rather than when the payment is made. In instances where the Company enters into agreements with third parties
to provide research and development services, costs are expensed as services are performed.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Post-retirement and post-employment benefits</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">The Company&#8217;s subsidiaries in Taiwan
adopted the government mandated defined contribution plan pursuant to the Labor Pension Act (the &#8220;Act&#8221;) in Taiwan. Such labor
regulations require that the rate of contribution made by an employer to the Labor Pension Fund per month shall not be less than 6% of
the worker&#8217;s monthly salaries. Pursuant to the Act, the Company makes monthly contribution equal to 6% of employees&#8217; salaries
to the employees&#8217; pension fund. The Company has no legal obligation for the benefits beyond the contributions made. The total amounts
for such employee benefits, which were expensed as incurred, were $11,642 and $10,314 for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023,
respectively. Other than the above, the Company does not provide any other post-retirement or post-employment benefits.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Stock-based Compensation</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">The Company measures expense associated with
all employee stock-based compensation awards using a fair value method and recognizes such expense in the consolidated financial statements
on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period in accordance with ASC Topic 718 &#8220;Compensation-Stock Compensation&#8221;.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">Total director, officer, and employee stock-based
compensation expenses were $0 and $1,935,755 for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">Total employee stock-based compensation expenses
were $1,995,049 and $0 for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">The Company accounted for stock-based compensation
to non-employees in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 718 &#8220;Compensation-Stock Compensation&#8221; and FASB ASC Topic 505-50 &#8220;Equity-Based
Payments to Non-Employees&#8221; which requires that the cost of services received from non-employees is measured at fair value at the
earlier of the performance commitment date or the date service is completed and recognized over the period the service is provided.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">Total non-employee stock-based compensation
expenses were $48,773 for rent for the three months ended March 31, 2025, and $95,876 for consulting services for the three months ended
March 31, 2024.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="margin: 0pt 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="-keep: true">Total non-employee stock-based compensation expenses were $506,583
and $185,933 for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p><div>

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    </div><div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div><div>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Income Taxes</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 40.2pt">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company accounts for income taxes using the
asset and liability approach which allows the recognition and measurement of deferred tax assets to be based upon the likelihood of realization
of tax benefits in future years. Under the asset and liability approach, deferred taxes are provided for the net tax effects of temporary
differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax
purposes. A valuation allowance is provided for deferred tax assets if it is more likely than not these items will expire before the Company
is able to realize their benefits, or future deductibility is uncertain.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">Under ASC 740, a tax position is recognized
as a benefit only if it is &#8220;more likely than not&#8221; that the tax position would be sustained in a tax examination, with a tax
examination being presumed to occur. The evaluation of a tax position is a two-step process. The first step is to determine whether it
is more-likely-than-not that a tax position will be sustained upon examination, including the resolution of any related appeals or litigations
based on the technical merits of that position. The second step is to measure a tax position that meets the more-likely-than-not threshold
to determine the amount of benefits recognized in the financial statements. A tax position is measured at the largest amount of benefit
that is greater than 50 percent likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement. Tax positions that previously failed to meet the more-likely-than-not
recognition threshold should be recognized in the first subsequent period in which the threshold is met. Previously recognized tax positions
that no longer meet the more-likely-than-not criteria should be de-recognized in the first subsequent financial reporting period in which
the threshold is no longer satisfied. Penalties and interest incurred related to underpayment of income tax are classified as income
tax expense in the year incurred. No significant penalty or interest relating to income taxes has been incurred for the three months
ended March 31, 2025 or for the year ended December 31, 2024. GAAP also provides guidance on de-recognition, classification, interest
and penalties, accounting in interim periods, disclosures and transition.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Valuation of Deferred Tax Assets</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">A valuation allowance is recorded to reduce the
Company&#8217;s deferred tax assets to the amount that is more likely than not to be realized. In assessing the need for the valuation
allowance, management considers, among other things, projections of future taxable income and ongoing prudent and feasible tax planning
strategies. If the Company determines that sufficient negative evidence exists, then it will consider recording a valuation allowance
against a portion or all of the deferred tax assets in that jurisdiction. If, after recording a valuation allowance, the Company&#8217;s
projections of future taxable income and other positive evidence considered in evaluating the need for a valuation allowance prove, with
the benefit of hindsight, to be inaccurate, it could prove to be more difficult to support the realization of its deferred tax assets.
As a result, an additional valuation allowance could be required, which would have an adverse impact on its effective income tax rate
and results. Conversely, if, after recording a valuation allowance, the Company determines that sufficient positive evidence exists in
the jurisdiction in which the valuation allowance was recorded, it may reverse a portion or all of the valuation allowance in that jurisdiction.
In such situations, the adjustment made to the deferred tax asset would have a favorable impact on its effective income tax rate and results
in the period such determination was made.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Loss Per Share of Common Stock</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">The Company calculates net loss per share
in accordance with ASC 260, &#8220;Earnings per Share&#8221;. Basic loss per share is computed by dividing the net loss by the weighted
average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted loss per share is computed similar to basic loss per share except
that the denominator is increased to include the number of additional common shares that would have been outstanding if the potential
common stock equivalents had been issued and if the additional common shares were dilutive. Diluted earnings per share excludes all dilutive
potential shares if their effect is anti-dilutive.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p><div>

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    </div><div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div><div>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Commitments and Contingencies</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">The Company has adopted ASC 450 &#8220;Contingencies&#8221;
subtopic 20, in determining its accruals and disclosures with respect to loss contingencies. Accordingly, estimated losses from loss
contingencies are accrued by a charge to income when information available before financial statements are issued or are available to
be issued indicates that it is probable that an assets had been impaired or a liability had been incurred at the date of the financial
statements and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. Legal expenses associated with the contingency are expensed as incurred.
If a loss contingency is not probable or reasonably estimable, disclosure of the loss contingency is made in the financial statements
when it is at least reasonably possible that a material loss could be incurred.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Foreign-currency Transactions</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">For the Company&#8217;s subsidiaries in Taiwan,
the foreign-currency transactions are recorded in New Taiwan dollars (&#8220;NTD&#8221;) at the rates of exchange in effect when the transactions
occur. Gains or losses resulting from the application of different foreign exchange rates when cash in foreign currency is converted into
New Taiwan dollars, or when foreign-currency receivables or payables are settled, are credited or charged to income in the year of conversion
or settlement. On the balance sheet dates, the balances of foreign-currency assets and liabilities are restated at the prevailing exchange
rates and the resulting differences are charged to current income except for those foreign currencies denominated investments in shares
of stock where such differences are accounted for as translation adjustments under the Statements of Stockholders&#8217; Equity (Deficit).</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Segment Reporting</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">ASC 280 &#8220;Segment Reporting&#8221; requires
public companies to report financial and descriptive information about their reportable operating segments. The Company identifies the
operating segments based on how the chief operating decision maker internally evaluates separate financial information, business activities
and management responsibility.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="margin: 0pt 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="-keep: true">The Company currently has one reportable segment.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Recent Accounting Pronouncements</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">In August 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-05,
Business Combinations-Joint Venture Formations (Subtopic 805-60) which requires certain joint ventures to apply a new basis of accounting
upon formation by recognizing and initially measuring most of their assets and liabilities at fair value. The guidance does not apply
to joint ventures that may be proportionately consolidated and those that are collaborative arrangements. ASU 2023-05 is effective for
joint venture with a formation date on or after January 1, 2025, early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the
impact that the standard will have on its unaudited consolidated financial statements.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No.
2023-09, Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures (Topic 740). The ASU requires disaggregated information about a reporting entity&#8217;s
effective tax rate reconciliation as well as additional information on income taxes paid. The ASU is effective on a prospective basis
for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is also permitted for annual financial statements that have not
yet been issued or made available for issuance. This ASU will likely result in the required additional disclosures being included in
our consolidated financial statements once adopted.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="-keep: true">In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU No. 2024-03, Expense Disaggregation
Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40). The ASU requires disclosure of specified information about certain costs and expenses. This includes purchases
of inventory, employee compensation, depreciation, and intangible asset amortization. The ASU is effective on a prospective or retrospective
basis for annual reporting period beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim reporting period beginning after December 15, 2027.
Early adoption is permitted. This ASU will likely result in the required additional disclosures being included in our consolidated financial
statements once adopted.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p><div>

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    </div><div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div><div>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Estimates and Assumptions</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In preparing our consolidated financial statements,
we use estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts and disclosures. Our estimates are often based on complex judgments,
probabilities and assumptions that we believe to be reasonable, but that are inherently uncertain and unpredictable. We are also subject
to other risks and uncertainties that may cause actual results to differ from estimated amounts.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b style="-keep: true">Results of Operations - Three Months Ended
March 31, 2025 Compared to Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 (Restated).</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">The following table presents, for the three
months indicated, our unaudited consolidated statements of operations information.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><span style="-keep: true">March 31,<br/> 2025</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><span style="-keep: true">March 31,<br/> 2024</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><span style="-keep: true">Increase<br/> (Decrease)</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><span style="-keep: true">%</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 52%"><span style="-keep: true">Revenue</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">-</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">1,205</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">(1,205</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">)</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">-100</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">%</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">Gross Profits</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">928</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">(928</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">)</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">-100</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">%</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">Operating Expenses</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">693,005</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">2,839,183</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">(2,146,178</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">)</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">-76</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">%</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">Loss from Operations</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">(693,005</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">)</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">(2,838,255</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">)</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">2,145,250</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">-76</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">%</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">Other Income (Expense)</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">(251,185</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">)</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">(89,412</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">)</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">(161,773</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">)</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">181</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">%</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">Interest (Expense), Net</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">(203,896</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">)</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">(177,627</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">)</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">(26,269</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">)</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">15</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">%</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">Net Income (Loss)</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">(944,190</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">)</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">(2,927,667</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">)</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">1,983,477</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">-68</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">%</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true"><b><i>Revenues. </i></b>We generated $0 and
$1,205 in revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. Besides assisting our licensees seeking for potential
business opportunities and investors, the Company also is exploring other revenue streams, including the FDA application services which
generated limited revenue in the three months ended March 31, 2024. For out-licensing agreements, please refer to the above collaborative
agreements for details.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true"><b><i>Operating Expenses.</i></b> Our operating
expenses have decreased by $2,146,178 or 76%, to $693,005 for the three months ended March 31, 2025 from $2,839,183 for the three months
ended March 31, 2024. Such a decrease in operating expenses was mainly attributable to the decrease in selling, general and administrative
expenses and research and development expenses.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true"><b><i>Interest income (expense), net.</i></b>
Our net interest expense was $(203,896) for the three months ended March 31, 2025, compared to ($177,627) for the three months ended
March 31, 2024. The increase in net interest expense of $26,269, or approximately 15%, was primarily due to the increase in recognition
of interest expense for the converted notes for proper accounting purposes<b>.</b></span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b style="-keep: true"><i>&#160;</i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true"><b><i>Other Expense</i>. </b>Our other expense
was $251,185 for the three months ended March 31, 2025, compared to other expense of $89,412 for the three months ended March 31, 2024.
The change was principally caused by the increase in loss on equity investment, interest expense, and offsetting by decrease in gain
on foreign exchanges in the three months ended March 31, 2025.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true"><b><i>Net Loss.</i>&#160;</b>As a result of
the above factors, our net loss was $944,190 for the three months ended March 31, 2025 compared to $2,927,667 for the three months ended
March 31, 2024, representing a decrease of $1,983,477, or 68%.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b style="-keep: true"><i>Asset Recognition and Investment Reclassification</i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">During the three months ended March 31, 2025,
the Company recognized certain updates to its financial position. The Company recorded the acquisition of land located in Puli, Taiwan,
with a carrying value of approximately $7.67 million, based on control obtained over the asset during the period. The Company intends
to utilize the land for future development of its health-related business operations. In addition, amounts previously classified as &#8220;Due
from Related Parties&#8221; were reclassified to &#8220;Long-Term Investments&#8221; to reflect the nature of the Company&#8217;s ongoing
investment in Rgene Corporation. The reclassification was based on management&#8217;s ongoing evaluation of the investment&#8217;s expected
holding period and strategic purpose, after entering into the convertible note loan in 2023. These changes increased total assets and
stockholders&#8217; equity as of March 31, 2025. Notwithstanding these improvements in the Company&#8217;s asset base, management continues
to evaluate liquidity risks and is seeking to address working capital needs through operational activities and external financing options.</span></p><div>


</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>&#160;</i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b style="-keep: true"><i>Liquidity and Capital Resources</i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b style="-keep: true"><i><span style="text-decoration:underline">Working Capital</span></i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><span style="-keep: true">As of<br/> March 31, <br/> 2025,<br/>
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    <td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td colspan="2" style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 76%; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">Current Assets</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">1,469,561</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">2,179,815</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">Current Liabilities</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">6,730,739</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">6,557,461</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">Working Capital (Deficit)</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">(5,261,178</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">)</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">(4,677,646</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">)</span></td></tr>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b style="-keep: true"><i>Going Concern and Liquidity Consideration</i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">For the three months ended March 31, 2025,
the Company reported net loss of $944,190. As of March 31, 2025, the Company&#8217;s working capital deficit was $5,261,178. In addition,
the Company had net cash outflows of $539,833 from operating activities for the three months ended March 31, 2025. These conditions give
rise to substantial doubt as to whether the Company will be able to continue as a going concern.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">Management&#8217;s plan is to continue to
improve operations to generate positive cash flows by 1) ensuring our cash consideration from our licensing agreements be fully collected
soon, 2) raising additional capital through private or public offerings, 3) strictly controlling cash operating expenses, and 4) reducing
debts and interest expense.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">Notably, the Company has generated cash inflow
and reduced a substantial amount of convertible debts during the first three months ended March 31, 2025, from $0.95 million to $0.84
million. We also reduced our outstanding warrants from 2.0 million shares to 1 million shares in three months ended March 31, 2025, receiving
around $411,667 in cash. If the Company is not able to generate positive operating cash flows, and raise additional capital, there is
the risk that the Company may not be able to meet its short-term obligations. Management is committed to enhancing operations to generate
positive cash flows to meet our operation needs.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="14" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><span style="-keep: true">Three Months Ended March 31</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><span style="-keep: true">2025</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 52%; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">Cash Flow Used In Operating Activities</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">(539,833</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">)</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">(955,816</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">)</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">415,983</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">-44</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">%</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">Cash Flow Used in Investing Activities</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">%</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">428,756</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">924,147</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">(495,391</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">)</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b style="-keep: true">&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b style="-keep: true"><i>Cash Flow from Operating Activities</i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">During the three months ended March 31, 2025
and 2024, the net cash used in operating activities were $539,833 and $955,816, respectively. The decrease was primarily due to the decrease
in operating expenses. Company has been strictly controlling the operating cash outflow, such as making certain payments with shares
in lieu of cash, extending vendors&#8217; payment terms, and other initiatives to save the cash burn.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b style="-keep: true"><i>Cash Flow from Investing Activities</i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">During the three months ended March 31, 2025
and 2024, the net cash used in investing activities were $0 and $0 respectively. The Company does not plan to make further cash investment
with cash in the near future.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b style="-keep: true"><i>Cash Flow from Financing Activities</i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">During the three months ended March 31, 2025
and 2024, the net cash provided by financing activities were $428,756 and $924,147, respectively. The decrease in net cash provided by
financing activities were primarily due to the proceeds from issuance of convertible notes, Lind&#8217;s exercise of warrants, and less
short-term funding from our related parties.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b style="-keep: true">&#160;</b></p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b style="-keep: true">&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b style="-keep: true">Results of Operations - Year Ended December
31, 2024 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2023.</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b style="-keep: true">&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="14" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><span style="-keep: true">Year Ended December 31</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 52%"><span style="-keep: true">Revenue</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">509,589</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">152,430</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">357,159</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">508,826</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">658,433</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">5,214,068</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">6,617,127</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">(1,403,059</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">)</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">(4,705,242</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">)</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">(6,766,734</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">)</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">2,061,492</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">(664,334</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">)</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">(1,258,104</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">)</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">593,770</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">(738,541</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">)</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">389,649</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">-35</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">%</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">(5,259,037</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">)</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">(8,280,844</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">)</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">3,021,807</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">-36</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">%</span></td></tr>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b style="-keep: true">&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true"><b><i>Revenues.</i></b> We generated $509,589
and $152,430 in revenues for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The increase of $357,159, or approximately 234%,
was primarily caused by outlicensing our intellectual properties completed in 2024, comparing to certain CDOM service provided in 2023.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true"><b><i>Operating Expenses</i>.</b> Our operating
expenses were $5,214,068 for the year ended December 31, 2024, compared to $6,617,127 for the year ended December 31, 2023. Such decrease
in operating expenses was mainly attributable to the decreased in selling, general and administrative expenses, decreased in research
and development expenses, but offset by increasing in stock-based compensation expenses. We have been focusing our cost control initiatives
to reduce to cash burns, with payments made with our restricted stocks.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true"><b><i>Other Expense, Net.</i></b> Other expense
was $664,334 for the year ended December 31, 2024, compared to other expense of $1,258,104 for the year ended December 31, 2023. The
change was principally caused by the decrease in interest expense, mainly from the convertible notes payable (pay off the 1<sup>st</sup>
Lind Note and monthly repayment of 2<sup>nd</sup> Lind Note), while being offset by increase in loss on investment in equity securities
for the year ended December 31, 2024.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true"><b><i>Interest Income (Expense), Net</i></b>,
was $(738,541) for the year ended December 31, 2024, compared to $(1,128,190) for the year ended December 31, 2023. The decrease of $389,649
(or approximately 35%, was primarily due to the decrease in interest expense related to recognition of less interest expense for the
converted notes for proper accounting purpose.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true"><b><i>Net Loss.</i></b> The net loss was $5,259,037
for the year ended December 31, 2024, compared to $8,280,844 for the year ended December 31, 2023. The Company reduce its net loss by
$3,021,807 or approximately 36% during the year ended December 31, 2024, through more cost efficient funding resources and discontinuing
certain consulting services.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b style="-keep: true"><i>Liquidity and Capital Resources</i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b style="-keep: true"><i>&#160;</i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Working Capital</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><span style="-keep: true">As of<br/> December 31,<br/> 2024</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b style="-keep: true">As
                                            of<br/> December 31,<br/> 2023</b></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b style="-keep: true">(Restated)</b></p></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 76%; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">Current Assets</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">2,179,815</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">1,656,709</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">Current Liabilities</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">6,557,461</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">6,101,889</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">Working Deficit</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">(4,377,646</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">)</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">(4,445,180</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">)</span></td></tr>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="14" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><span style="-keep: true">Year Ended December 31</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">(1,809,145</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">)</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">(4,186,848</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">)</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">-57</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">%</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
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    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">(360,186</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">)</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">360,186</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">-100</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">%</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">Cash Flow Provided by Financing Activities</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">1,980,769</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">3,869,961</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">(1,889,192</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">)</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b style="-keep: true">&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b style="-keep: true">Cash Flow from Operating Activities</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">During the years ended December 31, 2024 and
2023, the net cash used in operating activities were $1,809,145 and $4,186,848, respectively. The decrease in the amount of outflow $2,377,703
was primarily due to the increased in stock-based compensation as a payment for certain operating expenses, reduced in provision of credit
losses, and increased in due to related parties.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b style="-keep: true">Cash Flow from Investing Activities</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">During the years ended December 31, 2024 and
2023, the net cash used in investing activities were $0 and $360,186, respectively. The decrease in the amount of $360,186 was primarily
due to the decrease in prepayment for equity investment and purchase of equipment, while being offset by the increase in prepayment for
long-term investments during the year ended December 31, 2024.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b style="-keep: true">Cash Flow from Financing Activities</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-keep: true">During the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the net cash
provided by financing activities were $1,980,769 and $3,869,961, respectively. The Company&#8217;s financing activities in year 2024
are mainly focusing on reducing our debt and interest burden, while initiating certain fund raising activities through our subsidiary,
AiBtl. During the year, we only sold the 3<sup>rd</sup> convertible note to Lind but paid off the 1st Lind Note and 2/3 of the 2nd Lind
Note. We also issued certain common stock warrants as part of our financing activities in 2024. Comparing to 2023, we mainly relied on
Lind Notes and warrants as our financing resource. We are on the process to reduce the reliance to the private equity funding as our
out-licensing activities have remarkable breakthrough in 2024.</span></p><div>


</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><div><a id="s_010"></a></div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>BUSINESS</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b>Industry Overview</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The biotechnology industry focuses on developing
breakthrough products and technologies to combat various types of diseases through efficient industrial manufacturing process. Biotechnology
is an important business sector in the world&#8217;s economies and plays a key role in human health. Companies engaged in biotechnology
generally require large amounts of capital investment for their research &amp; development activities and it may take up to tens of years
to develop and commercialize a new drug or a new medical device. ABVC (&#8220;we&#8221; or the &#8220;Company&#8221;) is an early stage
biotechnology company with a pipeline of seven new drugs and one medical device under development, all of which are licensed from related
parties of the Company.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b>Our Mission</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We devote our resources to building a sophisticated
biotech company and becoming a pioneer in the biopharmaceutical industry. Dr. Uttam Patil, our Chief Executive Officer, and Dr. Tsung-Shann
Jiang, the founder and majority shareholder of the Company, understand the challenges and opportunities of the biotech industry and intend
to provide therapeutic solutions to significant unmet medical needs and to improve health and quality of human life by developing innovative
botanical drugs to treat central nervous system (&#8220;CNS&#8221;) and oncology/ hematology diseases.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Business Overview</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">As of the date hereof, the Company&#8217;s minimal
revenue has come from the sale of CDMO services through BioKey. However, the Company&#8217;s focus is on developing a pipeline of products
by carefully tracking new medical discoveries or medical device technologies in research institutions in the Asia-Pacific region. Pre-clinical,
disease animal model and Phase I safety studies are examined closely by the Company&#8217;s scientists and other specialists known to
the Company to identify drugs or medical devices that it believes demonstrate efficacy and safety based on the Company&#8217;s internal
qualifications. Once a drug or medical device is shown to be a good candidate for further development and ultimately commercialization,
ABVC licenses the drug or medical device from the original researchers and introduces the drug or medical device clinical trial plan to
highly respected principal investigators in the United States, Australia and Taiwan. In almost all cases, ABVC has found that research
institutions in each of those countries are eager to work with the Company to move forward with Phase II clinical trials.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Institutions that have or are now conducting phase
II clinical trials in partnership with ABVC include:</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Drug: ABV-1504, Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), Phase II completed. NCE drug Principal Investigators: Charles DeBattista M.D. and Alan F. Schatzberg, MD, Stanford University Medical Center, Cheng-Ta Li, MD, Ph.D &#8211; Taipei Veterans General Hospital</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Drug: ABV-1505, Adult Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD),
    Phase II Part 1 completed. Principal Investigators: Keith McBurnett, Ph.D. and Linda Pfiffner, Ph.D., University of California San
    Francisco (UCSF), School of Medicine. Phase II, Part 2 clinical study sites includes UCSF and 5 locations in Taiwan.The Principal
    Investigators are Keith McBurnett, Ph.D. and Linda Pfiffner, Ph.D., University of California San Francisco (UCSF), School of Medicine;
    Susan Shur-Fen Gau, M.D., National Taiwan University Hospital; Xinzhang Ni, M.D. Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital; Wenjun Xhou,
    M.D., Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital; Ton-Ping Su, M.D., Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Cheng-Ta Li, M.D., Taipei Veterans
    General Hospital. The Phase II, Part 2 began in the 1<sup>st</sup> quarter of 2022 at the 5 Taiwan sites. The UCSF site joined the
    study in the 2<sup>nd</sup> quarter of 2023. The subjects enrolled in the study has reached the number for interim analysis in December
    2023, and the interim analysis of the study is in progress.</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Drug: ABV-1601, Major Depression in Cancer Patients, Phase I/II,
    NCE drug Principal Investigator: Scott Irwin, MD, Ph.D. &#8211; Cedars Sinai Medical Center (CSMC). The Phase I clinical study will
    be initiated around the end of 2025.</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Medical Device: ABV-1701, Vitargus&#174; in vitrectomy surgery, Phase II Study has been initiated in Australia and Thailand, Principal Investigator: Duangnate Rojanaporn, M.D., Ramathibodi Hospital; Thuss Sanguansak, M.D., Srinagarind Hospital of the two Thailand Sites and Professor/Dr. Matthew Simunovic, Sydney Eye Hospital; Dr. Elvis Ojaimi, East Melbourne Eye Group &amp; East Melbourne Retina. The Phase II study started in the 2nd quarter of 2023, and the company is working on improvements to the Vitargus Product through the new batch of investigational product.</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The following trials are expected to begin in
the third quarter of 2024:</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Drug: ABV-1519, Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer treatment, Phase I/II Study in Taiwan, Principal Investigator: Dr. Yung-Hung Luo, M.D., Taipei Veterans General Hospital (TVGH)</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Drug: ABV-1703, Advanced Inoperable or Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer, Phase II, Principal Investigator: Andrew E. Hendifar, MD &#8211; Cedars Sinai Medical Center (CSMC)</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Upon completing a Phase II trial, ABVC will seek
a partner, typically a large pharmaceutical company, to complete a Phase III study and commercialize the drug or medical device upon approval
by the US FDA, Taiwan TFDA and other country regulatory authorities.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>GMP Manufacturing</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">ABVC owns a certified GMP manufacturing facility,
through BioKey, that is qualified to deliver small quantities of drugs for use by its clients in clinical trials from Phase I to Phase
III. The GMP facility can manufacture direct API or blend fill-in capsules, manual and automated encapsulation, wet granulation or tray
drying process, tablet compression and coating process, packaging solid dosage forms for ANDA and IND submission.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">The BioKey facility consists of a GMP suite,
product development area, analytical laboratory, food processing area, caged GMP storage area, receiving area and two warehouses. The
facility was remodeled in December 2008 and received its first drug manufacturing license in June 2009. ABVC&#8217;s current drug manufacturing
license allows it to manufacture drug products under IND for human clinical trials until the expiration of the license on December 2,
2024. The renewal of licenses is in progress.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In 2022, BioKey began manufacturing a dietary
supplement based on the maitake mushroom. The mushrooms, supplied by Shogun Maitake Canada, Co. Ltd., are grown in a controlled temperature
and humid environment free of pesticides and chemicals. Initially, sales of the new supplement in the US and Canada will be targeted to
high end grocery stores and worldwide via online distribution. While there are many mushroom-based supplements currently available to
customers, BioKey believes its new line has a significant competitive advantage since the purity and consistency of the mushrooms themselves
exceeds any maitake mushrooms currently available and the extraction process employed by BioKey delivers a particularly strong dose. The
maitake mushroom is rich in bioactive polysaccharides, especially beta-glucans. These polysaccharides have well-documented immune-protecting
and antitumor properties. BioKey has developed both a tablet and a liquid version of the supplement. GMP manufacturing of bulk quantities
Maitake mushroom tablets and Maitake mushroom drinks were completed in 2 and 1 batches respectively for commercial launches in Taiwan
and Canada in 2022.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Beta-glucans in maitake mushrooms has been shown
to reduce cholesterol, resulting in improved artery functionality and overall better cardiovascular health that lowers the risk of heart
disease. Further, studies have shown that the beta-glucans in maitake mushroom have the effect of strengthening the immune system<sup>1</sup>.
In a trial of postmenopausal breast cancer patients, oral administration of a maitake extract was shown to have immunomodulatory effects.
In a different trial done at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, maitake extracts were shown to enhance neutrophil and monocyte function
in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome. It boosts production of lymphokines (protein mediators) and interleukins (secreted proteins)
resulting in improved immune response. Further, beta-glucans, has been shown in clinical trials to lower blood glucose levels thereby
helping to activate insulin receptors, while reducing insulin resistance in diabetes management.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">BioKey has entered into a three-year distribution
agreement with Define Biotech Co. Ltd., a Taiwan-based pharmaceutical marketing company that focuses on sales of drugs, dietary supplements
and medical products in the Asia-Pacific region. The agreement grants Define Biotech the exclusive right to distribute this new dietary
supplement in China and Taiwan in exchange for the commitment to purchase $3.0 million worth of the new product over the three-year period.
Renewal of the contract is under negotiation.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>NASDAQ Listing</i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On August 19, 2022, we received a deficiency letter
from the Nasdaq Listing Qualifications Department (the &#8220;<b>Staff</b>&#8221;) of the Nasdaq Stock Market LLC (&#8220;<b>Nasdaq</b>&#8221;)
notifying us that, for the last 30 consecutive business days, the closing bid price for our common stock was below the minimum $1.00 per
share required for continued listing on The Nasdaq Capital Market pursuant to Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(a)(2) (&#8220;<b>Rule 5550(a)(2)</b>&#8221;).
In accordance with Nasdaq Listing Rule 5810(c)(3)(A), we were initially given until February 14, 2023 to regain compliance with Rule 5550(a)(2).
Since we did not regain compliance by such date, we requested and received an additional 180 days, until August 14, 2023, to comply with
Rule 5550(a)(2).</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On May 24, 2023, we received a deficiency letter
from the Nasdaq Listing Qualifications Department (the &#8220;Staff&#8221;) of the Nasdaq Stock Market LLC (&#8220;Nasdaq&#8221;) notifying
the Company that it is not currently in compliance with the minimum stockholders&#8217; equity requirement, or the alternatives of market
value of listed securities or net income from continuing operations, for continued listing on the Nasdaq Capital Market. Nasdaq Listing
Rule 5550(b)(1) requires listed companies to maintain stockholders&#8217; equity of at least $2,500,000, and the Company&#8217;s stockholders&#8217;
equity was $1,734,507 as of March 31, 2023. In accordance with Nasdaq rules, the Company had 45 calendar days, or until July 10, 2023,
to submit a plan to regain compliance. After submitting a plan to regain compliance, on July 10, 2023,Nasdaq granted the Company an extension
until August 30, 20203, to comply with Listing Rule 5550(b)(1). On July 31, 2023, the Company issued 300,000 shares of Common Stock and
200,000 pre-funded warrants, at an exercise price of $0.01 per share, in a registered direct offering. Pursuant to this transaction, the
stockholders&#8217; equity was increased by $1.75M. On August 1, 2023, $500,000 of Notes were converted at $3.50 per share and the holder
received 142,857 shares of Common Stock. As a result of this conversion, the stockholders&#8217; equity was increased by $0.5M. Additionally,
on August 14, 2023, the Company entered into a cooperation agreement with Zhonghui United Technology (Chengdu) Group Co., Ltd., pursuant
to which the Company acquired a 20% ownership of certain property and a parcel of the land owned by Zhonghui in exchange for an aggregate
of 370,000 shares of Common Stock. Accordingly, stockholders&#8217; equity increased by $7.4M. On February 23, 2023, the Company entered
into a securities purchase agreement with Lind, pursuant to which the Company issued Lind a secured, convertible note in the principal
amount of $3,704,167 (the &#8220;Lind Offering&#8221;), for a purchase price of $3,175,000 (the &#8220;Lind Note&#8221;), that is convertible
into shares of Common Stock at an initial conversion price of $1.05 per share, subject to adjustment. On August 24, 2023, the Company
started repaying Lind the monthly installments due under the Lind Notes; $308,000 was repaid via the issuance of 176,678 shares of Common
Stock (the &#8220;Monthly Shares&#8221;) at the Redemption Share Price (as defined in the Lind Note) of $1.698 per share. Pursuant to
the terms of the Lind Note, Lind increased the amount of the next monthly payment to one million dollars, such that as of September and
together with the Monthly Shares, the Company repaid Lind a total of $1M by September 2023. As a result, the stockholders&#8217; equity
increased by an additional $1M. As a result of the four transactions referenced above, the Company&#8217; estimated that its stockholders&#8217;
equity would increase by approximately $10.65M. On September 6, 2023, Nasdaq issued a letter that the Company is in compliance with Rule
5550(b)(1), but noted that if at the time of the Company&#8217;s next periodic report the Company does not evidence compliance, it may
be subject to delisting.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">On July 10, 2024, we received a notification
letter from the Nasdaq notifying the Company that the minimum bid price per share for its common shares has been below $1.00 for a period
of 30 consecutive business days and the Company therefore no longer meets the minimum bid price requirements set forth in Nasdaq Listing
Rule 5550(a)(2). The notification received has no immediate effect on the listing of the Company&#8217;s common stock on Nasdaq. Under
the Nasdaq Listing Rules, the Company has until January 6, 2025, to regain compliance. On January 9, 2025, the Company received a notification
from Nasdaq granting the Company an additional 180 days, until July 7, 2025, to meet the minimum bid price requirement of $1.00 per share,
as outlined in Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(a)(2) (the &#8220;Rule&#8221;). To satisfy the Rule, the Company&#8217;s common stock must achieve
a closing bid price of at least $1.00 for a minimum of ten consecutive trading days within this extension period; if successful, Nasdaq
will confirm compliance with the Rule and close this matter. If compliance is not achieved by the new deadline, Nasdaq may initiate delisting
procedures, which the Company would have the right to appeal.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">On April 24, 2025, we received a letter from
the listing qualifications staff (the &#8220;Staff&#8221;) of Nasdaq informing us that, as reported in our Annual Report on Form 10-K
for the year ended December 31, 2024, because our <i>stockholders&#8217; equity</i> was $723,959, as of April 23, 2025, we did not meet
the alternatives of market value of listed securities or net income from continuing operations, and we no longer comply with Listing
Rule 5550(b)(1) (the &#8220;Rule 5550&#8221;).</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">We have 45 calendar days to submit a plan
to the Staff to regain compliance. If our plan is accepted, we may be granted an extension of up to 180 calendar days from the date of
the letter, or until October 21, 2025, to evidence compliance.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">In determining whether to accept our plan,
the Staff will consider such things as the likelihood that the plan will result in compliance with Nasdaq&#8217;s continued listing criteria,
our past compliance history, the reasons for our current non-compliance, other corporate events that may occur within our review period,
our overall financial condition, and our public disclosures. If the Staff does not accept our plan, we will have the opportunity to appeal
that decision to a Hearings Panel.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">The Nasdaq notification has no immediate effect
on the listing of our Common Stock on the Nasdaq Capital Market. We intend to actively monitor our <i>stockholders&#8217; equity</i>
and will consider options available to us to achieve compliance with Rule 5550. There can be no assurance that we will be able to regain
compliance with the Listing Rule or will otherwise be in compliance with the other listing standards for the Nasdaq Capital Market.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">If our Common Stock ultimately were to be
delisted for any reason, it could negatively impact us by (i) reducing the liquidity and market price of our Common Stock; (ii) reducing
the number of investors willing to hold or acquire our Common Stock; (ii) limiting our ability to use a registration statement to offer
and sell freely tradable securities, thereby preventing us from accessing the public capital markets; and (iv) impairing our ability
to provide equity incentives to our employees.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">On April 30, 2025, the Company reported that
it received a letter from the listing qualifications staff (the &#8220;Staff&#8221;) of Nasdaq informing it that, as reported in its
Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, because its stockholders&#8217; equity was $723,959, as of April 23,
2025, the Company did not meet the alternatives of market value of listed securities or net income from continuing operations, and it
no longer comply with Listing Rule 5550(b)(1) (the &#8220;Listing Rule&#8221;).</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">On May 5, 2025, the Company received a notification
letter (the &#8220;Notification Letter&#8221;) from Nasdaq notifying the Company that the Staff has determined that based on the Company&#8217;s
Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2025, which evidenced stockholders&#8217; equity of $7,956,295, the Company
complies with the Listing Rule and the matter is closed.</span></p><div>


</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b><i>Our Pipeline</i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><b>I.</b></span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><b>Central Nervous System</b></span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-size: 10pt">1.</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="text-decoration:underline">ABV-1504 to treat Major Depressive Disorder (&#8220;MDD&#8221;)</span></span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify">We are developing and researching ABV-1504,
a botanical reuptake inhibitor that targets norepinephrine. Prior to clinical trials, we conducted radioligand-binding assay tests on
ABV-1504. Radioligand-binding assays are used to characterize the binding effects of a drug to its target receptor. In the case of ABV-1504,
the receptors of radioligand-binding assays are norepinephrine, dopamine and serotonin. The radioligand-binding assay test on norepinephrine
was conducted from May 3 to May 8, 2007 and the radioligand-binding assay test on dopamine and serotonin was administered from November
26 to December 5, 2007. The result of radioligand-binding assay to norepinephrine of ABV-1504was 2.102 &#956;g/ml of IC50, which indicated
ABV-1504&#8217;s high inhibitory efficiency on norepinephrine. The results of radioligand-binding assay to dopamine and serotonin were
not as good as to norepinephrine, which indicated lower inhibitory efficiency. Because research has shown that norepinephrine inhibitors
can alleviate the level of depression, our research team saw ABV-1504&#8217;s potential to treat depression and decided to commence the
clinical trial process of ABV-1504.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify">In 2013, ABVC successfully completed
the Phase I clinical trial of ABV-1504. The primary objective of the Phase I study was to assess the safety profile of ABV-1504. The safety
endpoint was assessed based on the results of physical examinations, vital signs, laboratory data, electrocardiograms (&#8220;ECG&#8221;),
Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale evaluation and a number of adverse events during the study period. We began recruiting healthy
people as subjects for the Phase I trial in Taiwan on October 30, 2012. For the Phase I trial, we screened 85 healthy volunteers at the
Taipei Veterans General Hospital and eventually enrolled 30 people as trial subjects. We divided the subjects into four cohort groups
and administered ABV-1504oral capsules of 380 mg, 1140 mg, 2280 mg, and 3800 mg to the subjects in each cohort group, respectively. BioLite
visited the first subject the first time on November 13, 2012 and the last subject the last time on July 5, 2013. During the said period,
no subject had a serious adverse event nor discontinued the trial due to any adverse events. ABVC did not observe any clinically significant
findings in physical examinations, vital signs, electrocardiogram, laboratory measurements, and C-SSRS throughout the treatment period.
However, ABVC observed the following mild adverse events: two subjects with flatulence and one subject with constipation in the single-dose
380mg cohort of seven subjects; one subject with somnolence and one subject with stomatitis ulcer in the single-dose 2,280 mg cohort.
Comparatively, two subjects with somnolence and one subject with stomatitis ulcer were observed in the placebo group of seven subjects.
ABVC did not observe any suicidal ideation or behavior throughout the trial period. ABV-1504&#8217;s Phase I clinical trial results reflected
that the oral administration of ABV-1504 to healthy volunteers was safe and well-tolerated at the dose levels of from 380 mg to 3,800
mg.</p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify">ABVC received an IND approval to proceed
with the Phase II clinical trial of ABV-1504 from the F.D.A. in March 2014 and an IND approval of its Phase II trial from the Taiwan F.D.A.
in June 2014. For the Phase II trial, BioLite administered oral capsules to 72 MDD patients (the trial subjects) in a randomized, double-blind
study with a placebo control group to assess ABV-1504&#8217;s efficacy and safety profile, primarily in accordance with the Montgomery-&#197;sberg
Depression Rating Scale (&#8220;MADRS&#8221;). ABVC via BioLite began recruiting Phase II subjects in March 2015 at the following study
sites, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei City Hospital-Songde Branch, Tri-Service General
Hospital, Wan Fang Hospital and started recruiting MDD patients at Stanford Depression Research Clinic. The first five sites are in Taiwan
and the last one is in the United States. The primary endpoint of the Phase II trial is to see changes of the subjects&#8217; MADRS total
scores from the baseline scores of the placebo subjects within the first six weeks. The secondary objectives of the Phase II trial are
to evaluate the efficacy and safety profile of ABV-1504 on other rating scales with secondary endpoints of (i) demonstrating changes in
MADRS total scores from baseline scores within the second to seventh weeks and (ii) showing changes in the total scores on Hamilton Rating
Scale for Depression (HAM-D-17), Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety (HAM-A), Depression and Somatic Symptoms Scale (DSSS), Clinical Global
Impression Scale (CGI) from the baseline scores in the second, fourth, sixth and seventh week. ABVC plans to measure the percentages of
partial responders (subjects with a 25% to 50% decrease of total MADRS scores from the baseline score) and responders (subjects with 50%
or more decrease of total MADRS scores from the baseline score) by the second, fourth, sixth and seventh week. Additionally, ABVC intends
to monitor the subjects&#8217; performance in accordance with the Safety Assessments and Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale from the
screening stage to each subject&#8217;s last visit as well as to analyze the differences in the mean changes of MADRS, HAM-D-17, HAM-A,
DSSS, CGI and Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale scores of the subjects administered with ABV-1504 and the placebo group in the second,
fourth, sixth and seventh week.</p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify">On May 23, 2019, the Company announced
the Phase II clinical study results of ABV-1504. The clinical study results showed that PDC-1421, the active pharmaceutical ingredient
of ABV-1504, met the pre-specified primary endpoint of the Phase II clinical trial and significantly improved the symptoms of MDD. The
Phase II clinical study was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multi-center trial, in which sixty (60) adult patients with
confirmed moderate to severe MDD were treated with PDC-1421 in either low dose (380 mg) or high dose (2 x 380 mg) compared with placebo
administration, three times a day for six weeks. PDC-1421 high dose (2 x 380 mg) met the pre-specified primary endpoint by demonstrating
a highly significant 13.2-point reduction in the Montgomery-&#197;sberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) total score by Intention-To-Treat
(ITT) analysis, averaged over the 6-week treatment period (overall treatment effect) from baseline, as compared to 9.2-point reduction
of the placebo group. By Per-Protocol (PP) analysis, PDC-1421 showed a dose dependent efficacy toward MDD in which high dose (2 x 380
mg) gave 13.4-point reduction in MADRS total score from baseline and low dose (380 mg) gave 10.4-point reduction as compared to a 8.6-point
in the placebo group. Based on the trial results as set forth above, the Company has decided to use the high dose formula for ABV-1504&#8217;s
Phase III clinical trial.</p><div>

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</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-size: 10pt">2.</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="text-decoration:underline">ABV-1505 to treat Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (&#8220;ADHD&#8221;)</span></span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify">We developed the ADHD indication from
the same API of ABV-1504. Also, ABV-1505 shares similar pharmaceutical mechanism of action as ABV-1504 in as much as ABV-1505 shows the
potential of increasing the level of norepinephrine in the human&#8217;s nervous system by inhibiting its reabsorption. Because of ABV-1505&#8217;s
sufficient similarity with ABV-1504, in January 2016 the FDA approved our IND application to conduct ABV-1505&#8217;s Phase II clinical
trial based on its preclinical research and the Phase I trial results of ABV-1504.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify">For the ADHD Phase II trial, ABVC plans
to recruit a maximum of 105 ADHD patients as trial subjects in the United States and Taiwan, to whom ABVC intends to administer ABV-1505
oral capsules. ABVC has designed a randomized, double-blind dose escalation study with a placebo-controlled group to assess the efficacy
and safety profile of ABV-1505, primarily against the ADHD Rating Scale-IV (&#8220;ADHD-RS-IV&#8221;). The primary endpoint of the Phase
II trial is a 40% or higher improvement on the ADHD-RS-IV from the respective baseline scores within a period of up to eight weeks. The
secondary objective is to determine the efficacy and safety profile of ABV-1505 on other rating scales with secondary endpoints of (i)
improvements of the total ADHD symptom scores from the respective baseline scores on the Conners&#8217; Adult ADHD Rating Scale-Self Report:
Short Version (&#8220;CAARS-S:S&#8221;) 18-Item for a treatment period of eight weeks at maximum; and (ii) achievement of scores of two
or lower on both the Clinical Global Impression-ADHD- Severity (&#8220;CGI-ADHD-S&#8221;) and Clinical Global Impression-ADHD-Improvement
(&#8220;CGI-ADHD-I&#8221;) from the subjects&#8217; respective baseline scores. The University of California San Francisco (&#8220;UCSF&#8221;)
initiated the Phase II, Part 1 clinical trial entitled &#8220;A Phase II Tolerability and Efficacy Study of PDC-1421 Treatment in Adult
Patients with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Part I, on January 14, 2020. The Part 1 trial is a single center, open
label, dose escalation evaluation with two dosage levels in six subjects. Six subjects were initially evaluated for safety and efficacy
assessments at low-dose (1 capsule of PDC-1421, three times a day (TID)) for 28 days. A safety checkpoint was evaluated at day-28 for
entering the high-dose (2 capsules TID). The subjects who passed the checkpoint were evaluated for safety and efficacy assessments at
high-dose (2 capsules of PDC-1421 TID) for 28 days. On July 15, 2020, the last patient last visit (LPLV) marked the final step toward
the completion of the ABV-1505 Phase II Part I clinical trial for the treatment of adult ADHD. On October 24, 2020, a full clinical study
report (CSR) of ABV-1505 Phase II Part I clinical trial was issued. The study results showed that the PDC-1421 Capsule was safe, well
tolerated and efficacious during its treatment and the follow-up period with six adult patients. For the primary endpoints, the percentages
of improvement in ADHD-RS-IV score from baseline to 8 weeks treatment were 83.3% (N=5) in the ITT population and 80.0% (N=4) in the PP
population. Both low and high doses of PDC-1421 Capsule met the primary end points by passing the required 40% population in ADHD-RS-IV
test scores. Overall, the results from this study, which demonstrate the therapeutic value of PDC-1421, support further Phase II Part
II clinical development of ABV-1505 for the treatment of adult ADHD.</p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify">The Phase II Part II study with its
clinical protocol entitled &#8220;A Phase II Tolerability and Efficacy Study of PDC-1421 Treatment in Adult Patients with Attention-Deficit
Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Part II&#8221; is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel three-groups with a maximum
99 subjects to be enrolled. This study was started at five Taiwan medical centers beginning in April 2022. The University of California,
San Francisco site was initiated in the 2<sup>nd</sup> quarter of 2023. The subjects enrolled in the study has reached the number for
interim analysis (69 subjects) in 2023 December, and the interim analysis of the study is now in progress.&#160;&#160;</p><div>

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</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-size: 10pt">3.</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">ABV-1601 to treat Depression in Cancer Patients</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify">We developed a treatment for depression
in cancer patient from the same active pharmaceutical ingredients as ABV-1504. ABV-1601 shares similar pharmaceutical mechanisms of action
as ABV-1504 in that ABV-1601 shows the potential of increasing the level of norepinephrine in the human nervous system by inhibiting its
reabsorption. Due to ABV-1601&#8217;s similarity with ABV-1504, the FDA approved our ABV-1601-001 clinical protocol under the same IND
as for ABV-1504 (IND 112567) in December 2018.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">For the Phase II trial of ABV-1601,
ABVC plans to recruit a maximum number of 54 cancer patients with depression, to whom ABVC intends to administer ABV-1601 oral capsules.
ABVC is engaging the Principal Investigator at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in the U.S. which designed a randomized, double-blind dose
escalation study with a comparator-controlled group to assess the efficacy and safety profile of ABV-1601, primarily against Montgomery-&#197;sberg
Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) total score. The primary endpoint of the Phase II trial is a change in MADRS, Hospital Anxiety and Depression
Scale (HADS), subscales (HADS-A and HADS-D), and Clinical Global Impression Scale (CGI) total scores from baseline in patients taking
PDC-1421 compared to the comparator. As of the date hereof, the Part I of Phase II clinical protocol, which is an open trial, has been
approved by Cedars-Sinai Medical Center IRB Committee. This study will be initiated around the end of 2025.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><b>II.</b></span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><b>Oncology</b></span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-size: 10pt">1.</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="text-decoration:underline">ABV-</span>1702 <span style="text-decoration:underline">to treat </span>Myelodysplastic Syndrome <span style="text-decoration:underline">(&#8220;</span>MDS<span style="text-decoration:underline">&#8221;)</span></span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify">ABVC started the preparation for ABV-1702&#8217;s
Phase II clinical trials after receiving its IND approval from the FDA in July 2016. ABVC plans to recruit fifty-two subjects in the United
States who are diagnosed with either IPSS int-1, IPSS int-2 or high risk MDS or CMML and may take azacitidine as part of the subjects&#8217;
prescription. Azacitidine is an FDA-approved drug used to treat MDS. ABVC intends to administer ABV-1702 in the oral liquid form along
with azacitidine. The Phase II trial is divided into two parts, where Part 1 is to determine the safety and recommended dose level (&#8220;RDL&#8221;)
of ABV-1702 in combination with azacitidine and Part 2 is to determine whether ABV-1702 under the established RDL reduces bactericidal
and fungicidal infection in the subjects&#8217; respiratory systems. The primary endpoint of Part 1 Phase II trial is to assess the safety
and RDL profile of ABV-1702 administered with azacitidine by measuring ABV-1702&#8217;s prohibited toxicity. The secondary endpoints of
Phase II Part 1 are to determine the safety, time-to-first infection after first dose (Day 1) of the first azacitidine treatment cycle,
reduction in treatment requirements and duration of infections, enhancement of immune responses, improvements of response rates, progression,
and survival rates of the subjects under such ABV-1702 - azacitidine combination treatment. The primary endpoint of Part 2 of Phase II
is to determine whether ABV-1702 under the established RDL reduces bactericidal and fungicidal infection risks in the subjects&#8217;
respiratory systems in combination with azacitidine as compared to the control group with incidence of infections and incidence/frequency
of inpatient hospitalization due to infections. The secondary endpoints of Part 2 of Phase II are to determine the safety, time-to-first
infection after first dose (Day 1) of the first azacitidine treatment cycle, reduction in required dosage and duration of infection, enhancement
of immune responses, improvement of response rate, progression, and survival rates of the subjects under the trial conditions. In April
2016, BioLite submitted a letter to the FDA in response to its queries with additional information about the proposed Phase II trial.</p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify">The Company expects to begin Phase
II clinical trials of ABV-1702 in the fourth quarter of 2024 and is actively looking for qualified principal investigators and an appropriate
site for the study and therefore the timing cannot be guaranteed.</p><div>

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</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">2.</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="text-decoration:underline">ABV-</span>1703 <span style="text-decoration:underline">to treat </span>Pancreatic Cancer</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">ABVC developed a new indication
for Pancreatic Cancer from Maitake Extract, which is named as ABV-1703 and out licensed it to Rgene for the preparation of its IND application
with the FDA. On August 25, 2017, ABV-1703&#8217;s Phase II trial was approved by FDA. Pursuant to the ABVC-Rgene Co-development Agreement,
ABVC is responsible for coordinating and conducting the clinical trials of ABV-1703 globally and Rgene is responsible for preparing the
related FDA applications. As of the date hereof, we are engaging Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in the U.S. to conduct the Phase II clinical
trial and plan to initiate the Phase II trial in 2025. We plan to submit ABV-1703&#8217;s Phase II clinical trial IND to the Taiwan FDA
after we commence the clinical trials in the United States.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">3.</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="text-decoration:underline">ABV- 1501 Triple Negative Breast Cancer - Combination therapy for Triple Negative Breast Cancer (&#8220;TNBC&#8221;)</span></span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">ABV- 1501 is developed from BLI-1401-2 whose active pharmaceutical ingredient is Yukiguni Maitake Extract 404. Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (&#8220;MSKCC&#8221;) conducted the Phase I clinical trial of a polysaccharide extract from Grifola frondosa (Maitake mushroom), which is very similar to Yukiguni Maitake Extract 404. The Phase I trial focused on Grifola frondosa extract&#8217;s immunological effects on breast cancer patients. The results of the Phase I trial showed that oral administration of a polysaccharide extract from Maitake mushroom is associated with both immunologically stimulatory and inhibitory measurable effects in peripheral blood.</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Our ABV-1501 Investigational New Drug (&#8220;IND&#8221;) application to the US FDA for the Phase II clinical trials referencing the MSKCC maitake research resulted in a Phase II IND approval in March of 2016 by the U.S. FDA.</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">The collaboration with BHK to file clinical trial application to the Taiwan FDA (&#8220;TFDA&#8221;) for conducting this combination therapy trial in Taiwan was temporarily put on hold due to the lack of funding.</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>Our Collaborative Agreements</i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">I.</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="text-decoration:underline">ABV-1701 Vitreous Substitute for Vitrectomy and Collaboration Agreement with BioFirst</span></span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify">On July 24, 2017, BriVision, one of
our wholly-owned subsidiaries entered into a collaboration agreement (the &#8220;BioFirst Agreement&#8221;) with BioFirst, pursuant to
which BioFirst granted BriVision the global license to co-develop BFC-1401 Vitreous Substitute for Vitrectomy (&#8220;BFC-1401&#8221;)
for medical purposes. BioFirst is a related party to the Company because BioFirst and YuanGene Corporation (&#8220;YuanGene&#8221;), the
Company&#8217;s controlling shareholder, are under common control, being both controlled by the controlling beneficiary shareholder of
YuanGene.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify">According to the BioFirst Agreement,
we are to co-develop and commercialize BFC-1401 or ABV-1701 with BioFirst and are obligated to pay BioFirst $3,000,000 (the &#8220;Total
Payment&#8221;) in cash or common stock of BriVision on or before September 30, 2018 in two installments. An upfront payment of $300,000,
representing 10% of the Total Payment due under the Collaboration Agreement, was to be paid upon execution of the BioFirst Agreement.
BriVision is entitled to receive 50% of the future net licensing income or net sales profit when ABV-1701 is sublicensed or commercialized.
On June 30, 2019, the Company and BioFirst entered into a Stock Purchase Agreement (the &#8220;Purchase Agreement&#8221;), pursuant to
which the Company will issue 428,571 shares of the Company&#8217;s common stock to BioFirst in consideration for $3,000,000 owed by the
Company to BioFirst in connection with the BioFirst Collaborative Agreement. For more information about the BioFirst Agreement and Purchase
Agreement, please refer to the current reports on Form 8-K filed on July 24, 2017 and July 12, 2019.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify">On November 7, 2016, the application
of Phase I clinical trial prepared and submitted by BioFirst was approved by the Human Research Ethics Committee, Australia (&#8220;HREC&#8221;),
and on November 14, 2016, it was approved by the Therapeutic Goods Administration, Australia (&#8220;TGA&#8221;).</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify">We successfully finished the Phase
I clinical trial of ABV-1701 at Sydney Retina Clinic and Day Surgery, a clinic located in Sydney, Australia. This was the only site for
this Phase I clinical trial. The trial started on November 17, 2016, and was completed with positive results in July 2018. The Protocol
Title is &#8220;A Phase I, single center, safety and tolerability study of Vitargus in the treatment of Retinal Detachment.&#8221;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p><div>

</div><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 77; Value: 1 --><div>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify">The primary endpoint of this Phase
I clinical trial was to evaluate the safety and tolerability of a single intravitreal dose of Vitargus in patients as a vitreous substitute
during vitrectomy surgery for retinal detachment. Intravitreal is a route of administration of a drug or other substance, in which the
substance is delivered into the eyes. The secondary endpoint of this Phase I clinical trial is to assess retinal attachment and Virtagus
degradation at day 90 and to assess best corrected visual acuity (&#8220;BVCA&#8221;) after vitrectomy surgery. BVCA refers to the best
possible vision a person can achieve. The primary and second endpoints are required by HREC for the purpose of evaluation of our Phase
I clinical trial application. We enrolled an aggregate number of 10 patient subjects in this trial. On November 17, 2016, we received
the approval from the Data and Safety Monitoring Board for the first subject, and nine more subjects were enrolled thereafter. In this
trial, Vitargus was injected into the vitreous cavity of vitrectomised eyes, whose vitreous gel was removed from the vitreous cavity after
a vitrectomy surgery. On August 24, 2020, a full clinical study report (CSR) of ABV-1701 Phase I clinical trial was issued. The study
results showed that ABV-1701 (Vitargus) was well-tolerated as a vitreous substitute without any apparent toxicity to ocular tissues. Further,
there was no indication of an increased overall safety risk with Vitargus. For efficacy, participants showed significant improvement in
visual acuity. The optical properties of Vitargus allowed the patients to see well and facilitated visualisation of the fundus immediately
following surgery. In addition, since Vitargus set as a stable semisolid gel adhering to the retina, it maintained its position without
requiring the patient to remain face-down following surgery.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">ABV-1701, Vitargus&#174; in vitrectomy
surgery, Phase II Study was started in the 2nd quarter of 2023. Four (4) study sites in Australia and Thailand join this multi-nation
and multi-site clinical study. The company is working on improvements to the Vitargus Product through the new batch of investigational
product.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><b>II.</b></span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><b>Co-development Agreement with Rgene</b></span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify">On May 26, 2017, American BriVision
Corporation entered into a co-development agreement (the &#8220;Co-Dev Agreement&#8221;) with Rgene Corporation (the &#8220;Rgene&#8221;),
a related party under common control by controlling beneficiary shareholder of YuanGene Corporation and the Company. Pursuant to Co-Dev
Agreement, BriVision and Rgene agreed to co-develop and commercialize ABV-1507 HER2/neu Positive Breast Cancer Combination Therapy, ABV-17
Pancreatic Cancer Combination Therapy and ABV-1527 Ovary Cancer Combination Therapy. Under the terms of the Co-Dev Agreement, Rgene is
required to pay the Company $3,000,000 in cash or stock of Rgene with equivalent value by August 15, 2017. The payment is for the compensation
of BriVision&#8217;s past research efforts and contributions made by BriVision before the Co-Dev Agreement was signed and it does not
relate to any future commitments made by BriVision and Rgene in this Co-Dev Agreement. In addition to the $3,000,000, the Company is entitled
to receive 50% of the future net licensing income or net sales profit earned by Rgene, if any, and any development costs shall be equally
shared by both BriVision and Rgene.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify">By June 1, 2017, the Company had delivered
all research, technical, data and development data to Rgene. Since both Rgene and the Company are related parties and under common control
by a controlling beneficiary shareholder of YuanGene Corporation and the Company, the Company has recorded the full amount of $3,000,000
in connection with the Co-Dev Agreement as additional paid-in capital during the year ended September 30, 2017. During the year ended
December 31, 2017, the Company received $450,000 in cash. On December 24, 2018, the Company received the remaining balance of $2,550,000
in the form of newly issued shares of Rgene&#8217;s Common Stock, at the price of NT$50 (approximately equivalent to $1.60 per share),
for an aggregate number of 1,530,000 shares, which accounted for equity method long-term investment as of December 31, 2018. During the
year ended December 31, 2018, the Company has recognized investment loss of $549. On December 31, 2018, the Company determined to fully
write off this investment based on the Company&#8217;s assessment of the severity and duration of the impairment, and qualitative and
quantitative analysis of the operating performance of the investee, adverse changes in market conditions and the regulatory or economic
environment, changes in operating structure of Rgene, additional funding requirements, and Rgene&#8217;s ability to remain in business.
All projects that have been initiated will be managed and supported by the Company and Rgene.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify">The Company and Rgene signed an amendment
to the Co-Dev Agreement on November 10, 2020, pursuant to which both parties agreed to delete AB-1507 HER2/neu Positive Breast Cancer
Combination Therapy and AB 1527 Ovary Cancer Combination Therapy and add ABV-1519 EGFR Positive Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Combination
Therapy and ABV-1526 Large Intestine / Colon / Rectal Cancer Combination Therapy to the products to be co-developed and commercialized.
Other provisions of the Co-Dev Agreement remain in full force and effect.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><b>III.</b></span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><b>Clinical Development Service Agreement with Rgene</b></span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify">On June 10, 2022, the Company expanded
its co-development partnership with Rgene. BioKey entered into a Clinical Development Service Agreement with Rgene (&#8220;Service Agreement&#8221;)
to guide certain Rgene drug products, RGC-1501 for the treatment of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC), RGC-1502 for the treatment of
pancreatic cancer and RGC 1503 for the treatment of colorectal cancer patients, through completion of Phase II clinical studies under
U.S. FDA IND regulatory requirements (the &#8220;Rgene Studies&#8221;).</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify">Under the terms of the Service Agreement,
BioKey is eligible to receive payments totaling up to $3.0 million over a 3-year period with each payment amount to be determined by certain
regulatory milestones obtained during the agreement period. Through a series of transactions over the past 5 years, the Company and Rgene
have co-developed the three drug products covered by the Service Agreement, which has resulted in the Company owning 31.62% of Rgene.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify">As part of the Rgene Studies, the Company
agreed to loan $1.0 million to Rgene, for which Rgene has provided the Company with a 5% working capital convertible loan (the &#8220;Note&#8221;).
If the Note is fully converted, the Company will own an additional 6.4% of Rgene. The Company is expected to receive the outstanding loan
from the related party by the 2023 Q1, either by cash or conversion of shares of Rgene. The Company may convert the Note at any time into
shares of Rgene&#8217;s common stock at either (i) a fixed conversion price equal to $1.00 per share or (ii) 20% discount of the stock
price of the then most recent offering, whichever is lower; the conversion price is subject to adjustment as set forth in the Note. The
Service Agreement shall remain in effect until the expiration date of the last patent and automatically renew for 5 more years unless
terminated earlier by either party with six months written notice. Either party may terminate the Service Agreement for cause by providing
30 days written notice.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify">Rgene has further agreed, effective
July 1, 2022, to provide the Company with a seat on Rgene&#8217;s Board of Directors until the loan is repaid in full. The Company has
nominated Dr. Jiang, its Chief Strategy Officer and Director to occupy that seat; Dr. Jiang is also one of the Company&#8217;s largest
shareholders, owning 12.8% of the Company. For more information about the Service Agreement and Note, please refer to the current reports
on Form 8-K filed on June 21, 2022.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify">BLEX 404, a new drug under clinical
development covered by the Service Agreement, is extracted from Maitake mushroom (Grifola frondosa), an edible mushroom. Its immunological
effects and the safety have been demonstrated in two Phase I/II clinical studies performed at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC)
with breast cancer and myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) patients.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Market Distribution Strategy</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We focus primarily on developing botanical drugs,
which are intended for use in the diagnosis, cure, mitigation or treatment of disease in humans. Together with our strategic partners,
we plan to market, distribute and sell our drug products internationally once those drug candidates comply with the local authorities
regulating drugs and foods. Currently, many countries follow the International Council for Harmonization of Technical Requirements for
Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (the &#8220;ICH&#8221;) guidelines that are published by European Medicines to provide guidance
on quality and safety of pharmaceutical development and new drug commercialization in Japan, the United States and Europe. All of our
drug candidates first go through the United States FDA process for new drug development first and then seek regulatory approval from regulators
equivalent to the FDA in the jurisdictions where we plan to distribute those candidates.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p><div>

</div><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 79; Value: 1 --><div>
    </div><div style="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->73<!-- Field: /Sequence --></p></div><div>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b>Intellectual Property</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">The new drug candidates are dependent on or are the subject of the
following patents and patent applications.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-spacing: 0px;">
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; vertical-align: bottom; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Status</td><td style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 11%; text-align: center">granted</td><td style="text-align: center; width: 1%; vertical-align: top">&#160;</td>
    <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 11%; text-align: center">DE202007003503 U1</td><td style="text-align: center; width: 1%; vertical-align: top">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 11%; text-align: center">9/20/2026</td><td style="text-align: center; width: 1%; vertical-align: top">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center">2</td><td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center">7531519</td><td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&#160;</td>
    <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center">5/12/2009</td><td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&#160;</td>
    <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center">9/20/2026</td><td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center">granted</td><td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&#160;</td>
    <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center">4620652</td><td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&#160;</td>
    <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center">11/20/2006</td><td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&#160;</td>
    <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center">11/19/2026</td><td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&#160;</td>
    <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center">Novel Polygalatenosides and use thereof as an antidepressant agent</td><td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center">4</td><td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center">I 314453</td><td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&#160;</td>
    <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center">9/21/2006</td><td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&#160;</td>
    <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center">9/20/2026</td><td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&#160;</td>
    <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center">Novel Polygalatenosides and use thereof as an antidepressant agent</td><td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center">5</td><td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&#160;</td>
    <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center">granted</td><td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&#160;</td>
    <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center">I389713</td><td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&#160;</td>
    <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center">3/21/2013</td><td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&#160;</td>
    <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center">10/13/2030</td><td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center">6</td><td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&#160;</td>
    <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center">granted</td><td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&#160;</td>
    <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center">US 8197849 B2</td><td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center">8/30/2030</td><td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&#160;</td>
    <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center">Cross-linked oxidized hyaluronic acid for use as a vitreous substitute</td><td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&#160;</td>
    <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center">The U.S.</td><td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&#160;</td>
    <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center">NHRI</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center">7</td><td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&#160;</td>
    <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center">granted</td><td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&#160;</td>
    <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center">AU 2011/215775 B2</td><td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&#160;</td>
    <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center">4/17/2014</td><td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&#160;</td>
    <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center">2/9/2031</td><td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&#160;</td>
    <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center">Cross-linked oxidized hyaluronic acid for use as a vitreous substitute</td><td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&#160;</td>
    <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center">Australia</td><td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">&#160;</td>
    <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center">NHRI</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

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</div><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 81; Value: 1 --><div>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b>Corporate History and Structure</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">ABVC was incorporated under the laws of the
State of Nevada on February 6, 2002 and has four wholly-owned Subsidiaries: BriVision, BioLite Holding, Inc., BioKey Cayman, and BioKey,
Inc. BriVision was incorporated in July 2015 in the State of Delaware and is in the business of developing pharmaceutical products in
North America.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">BioLite Holding was incorporated under the laws
of the State of Nevada on July 27, 2016, with 500,000,000 shares authorized, par value $0.0001. Its key Subsidiaries include BioLite BVI,
Inc. (&#8220;BioLite BVI&#8221;) that was incorporated in the British Virgin Islands on September 13, 2016 and BioLite Inc. (&#8220;BioLite
Taiwan&#8221;), a Taiwanese corporation that was founded in February 2006. BioLite Taiwan has been in the business of developing new drugs
for over twelve years. Certain shareholders of BioLite Taiwan exchanged approximately 73% of equity securities in BioLite Taiwan for the
Common Stock in BioLite Holding in accordance with a share purchase/ exchange agreement (the &#8220;Share Purchase/ Exchange Agreement&#8221;).
As a result, BioLite Holding owns via BioLite BVI approximately 73% of BioLite Taiwan. The other shareholders who did not enter this Share
Purchase/ Exchange Agreement retain their equity ownership in BioLite Taiwan.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Incorporated in California on November 20, 2000,
BioKey has chosen to initially focus on developing generic drugs to ride the opportunity of the booming industry.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Upon closing of the Mergers on February 8, 2019,
BioLite and BioKey became two wholly-owned subsidiaries of ABVC.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">BioKey Cayman was incorporated in Cayman Islands
in July 2023, which is 100% owned by ABVC. This subsidiary has no activities since inception.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="-keep: true">In November 2023, the Company and one of its subsidiaries, BioLite,
Inc. (&#8220;BioLite&#8221;) each entered into a multi-year, global licensing agreement with AiBtl BioPharma Inc. (&#8220;AiBtl&#8221;,
or &#8220;AiBtl&#8221;) for the Company and BioLite&#8217;s CNS drugs with the indications of MDD (Major Depressive Disorder) and ADHD
(Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) (the &#8220;Licensed Products&#8221;). The license covers the Licensed Products&#8217; clinical
trial, registration, manufacturing, supply, and distribution rights. The parties are determined to collaborate on the global development
of the Licensed Products. The parties are also working to strengthen new drug development and business collaboration, including technology,
interoperability, and standards development. As per each of the respective agreements, each of ABVC and BioLite received 23 million shares
of AiBtl stock at $10 per share, and if certain milestones are met, each may receive $3,500,000 and royalties equaling 5% of net sales,
up to $100 million. Upon the issuance of the shares, AiBtl became a subsidiary of ABVC.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">The following chart illustrates the corporate structure of ABVC:&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><img alt="" src="image_002.jpg"/></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Effective March 5, 2022, the Company&#8217;s Board
for Directors approved amending the Company&#8217;s Bylaws to remove Section 2.8, which permitted cumulative voting for directors since
cumulative voting is specifically prohibited by our Articles of Incorporation. Since it is not otherwise stated in our Articles of Incorporation
or Bylaws, directors shall be elected by a plurality of the votes cast at the election, as provided in the Nevada Revised Statutes.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Effective March 14, 2024, the Company&#8217;s
Board for Directors approved amending the Company&#8217;s Bylaws to amend Section 2.8 of the Company&#8217;s Bylaws to revise the number
of shares needed to establish a quorum at shareholder meetings. The Amendment changes the quorum requirement from a majority to 33-1/3%
of the votes entitled to be cast on a matter.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Competition</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The healthcare industry is highly competitive
and subject to significant and rapid technological change as researchers learn more about diseases and develop new technologies and treatments.
Significant competitive factors in our industry include product efficacy and safety; quality and breadth of an organization&#8217;s technology;
skill of an organization&#8217;s employees and its ability to recruit and retain key employees; timing and scope of regulatory approvals;
the average selling price of products; the availability of raw materials and qualified manufacturing capacity; manufacturing costs; intellectual
property and patent rights and their protection; and our capabilities of securing competent collaborators. Market acceptance of our current
products and product candidates will depend on a number of factors, including: (i) potential advantages over existing or alternative therapies
or tests, (ii) the actual or perceived safety of similar classes of products, (iii) the effectiveness of sales, marketing, and distribution
capabilities, and (iv) the scope of any approval provided by the FDA or foreign regulatory authorities.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Since we are a small biopharmaceutical company
compared to other companies that we may compete against, it is our intention to license our products to much larger pharmaceutical, specialty
pharmaceutical and generic drug companies with the financial, technical and human resources to compete effectively in the markets we address.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We anticipate that our license partners will face
intense and increasing competition when and as our new drug candidates enter the markets, as advanced technologies become available and
as generic forms of currently branded products become available. Finally, the development of new treatment methods for the diseases we
are targeting could render our products non-competitive or obsolete. There can be no assurance that any of our new drug candidates will
be clinically superior or scientifically preferable to products developed or introduced by our competitors.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The following chart lists some, not all, of the
biopharmaceutical companies that research, develop, commercialize, distribute or sell drugs that are in competition with our drug candidates.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-spacing: 0px;">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="text-align: left">Novartis Pharma Stein AG</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top">Arcadophta</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top">Toulouse</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top">France</td></tr>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b>Government Regulations</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Currently, we are focusing on the research and
development of six therapeutic candidates in the fields of CNS, oncology/hematology and autoimmune, for which regulatory approval must
be received before we can commence marketing. In addition, our cGMP facility is subject to review by the FDA. Regulatory approval processes
and FDA regulations for ABVC&#8217;s current and any future product candidates are discussed below.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b><i>Approval Process for Pharmaceutical Products</i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><i>FDA Approval Process for Pharmaceutical Products</i></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In the U.S., pharmaceutical products are subject
to extensive regulation by the FDA. The Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act (the &#8220;FDC Act&#8221;), and other federal and state statutes
and regulations, govern, among other things, the research, development, testing, manufacture, storage, recordkeeping, approval, labeling,
promotion and marketing, distribution, post-approval monitoring and reporting, sampling, and import and export of pharmaceutical products.
Failure to comply with applicable U.S. requirements may subject a company to a variety of administrative or judicial sanctions, such as
FDA refusal to approve pending NDAs, warning letters, product recalls, product seizures, total or partial suspension of production or
distribution, injunctions, fines, civil penalties, and criminal prosecution. Pharmaceutical product development in the U.S. typically
involves the performance of satisfactory nonclinical, also referred to as pre-clinical, laboratory and animal studies under the FDA&#8217;s
Good Laboratory Practice, or GLP, regulation, the development and demonstration of manufacturing processes, which conform to FDA mandated
current good manufacturing requirements, or cGMPs, including a quality system regulating manufacturing, the submission and acceptance
of an IND application, which must become effective before human clinical trials may begin in the U.S., obtaining the approval of Institutional
Review Boards, or IRBs, at each site where we plan to conduct a clinical trial to protect the welfare and rights of human subjects in
clinical trials, adequate and well-controlled clinical trials to establish the safety and effectiveness of the drug for each indication
for which FDA approval is sought, and the submission to the FDA for review and approval of an NDA. Satisfaction of FDA requirements typically
takes many years and the actual time required may vary substantially based upon the type, complexity, and novelty of the product or disease.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Pre-clinical tests generally include laboratory
evaluation of a product candidate, its chemistry, formulation, stability and toxicity, as well as certain animal studies to assess its
potential safety and efficacy. Results of these pre-clinical tests, together with chemistry, manufacturing controls and analytical data
and the clinical trial protocol, which details the objectives of the trial, the parameters to be used in monitoring safety, and the effectiveness
criteria to be evaluated, along with other requirements must be submitted to the FDA as part of an IND, which must become effective before
human clinical trials can begin. The entire clinical trial and its protocol must be in compliance with what are referred to as good clinical
practice, or GCP, requirements. The term, GCP, is used to refer to various FDA laws and regulations, as well as international scientific
standards intended to protect the rights, health and safety of patients, define the roles of clinical trial sponsors and assure the integrity
of clinical trial data.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">An IND automatically becomes effective 30 days
after receipt by the FDA, unless the FDA, within the 30-day time period, raises concerns or questions about the intended conduct of the
trials and imposes what is referred to as a clinical hold. Pre-clinical studies generally take several years to complete, and there is
no guarantee that an IND based on those studies will become effective, allowing clinical testing to begin. In addition to FDA review of
an IND, each medical site that desires to participate in a proposed clinical trial must have the protocol reviewed and approved by an
independent IRB or Ethics Committee, or EC. The IRB considers, among other things, ethical factors, and the selection and safety of human
subjects. Clinical trials must be conducted in accordance with the FDA&#8217;s GCP requirements. The FDA and/or IRB may order the temporary,
or permanent, discontinuation of a clinical trial or that a specific clinical trial site be halted at any time, or impose other sanctions
for failure to comply with requirements under the appropriate entity jurisdiction.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Clinical trials to support NDAs for marketing
approval are typically conducted in three sequential phases, but the phases may overlap.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In Phase I clinical trials, a product candidate
is typically introduced either into healthy human subjects or patients with the medical condition for which the new drug is intended to
be used. The main purpose of the trial is to assess a product candidate&#8217;s safety and the ability of the human body to tolerate the
product candidate. Phase I clinical trials generally include less than 50 subjects or patients.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">During Phase 2 trials, a product candidate is
studied in an exploratory trial or trials in a limited number of patients with the disease or medical condition for which it is intended
to be used in order to: (i) further identify any possible adverse side effects and safety risks, (ii) assess the preliminary or potential
efficacy of the product candidate for specific target diseases or medical conditions, and (iii) assess dosage tolerance and determine
the optimal dose for Phase III trials.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Phase III trials are generally undertaken to demonstrate
clinical efficacy and to further test for safety in an expanded patient population with the goal of evaluating the overall risk-benefit
relationship of the product candidate. Phase III trials are generally designed to reach a specific goal or endpoint, the achievement of
which is intended to demonstrate the candidate product&#8217;s clinical efficacy and adequate information for labeling of the approved
drug.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The FDA has 60 days from its receipt of an NDA
to determine whether the application will be accepted for filing based on the FDA&#8217;s threshold determination that it is sufficiently
complete to permit substantive review. Once the submission is accepted for filing, the FDA begins an in-depth review. The FDA has agreed
to certain performance goals in the review of NDAs. Most applications for standard review drug products are reviewed within ten months;
most applications for priority review drugs are reviewed within six months. Priority review can be applied to drugs that the FDA determines
offer major advances in treatment, or provide a treatment where no adequate therapy exists. The review process for both standard and priority
review may be extended by the FDA for three additional months to consider certain late-submitted information, or information intended
to clarify information already provided in the submission. The FDA may also refer applications for novel drug products, or drug products
which present difficult questions of safety or efficacy, to an advisory committee &#8212; typically a panel that includes clinicians and
other experts &#8212; for review, evaluation, and a recommendation as to whether the application should be approved. The FDA is not bound
by the recommendation of an advisory committee, but it generally follows such recommendations. Before approving an NDA, the FDA will typically
inspect one or more clinical sites to assure compliance with GCP. Additionally, the FDA will inspect the facility or the facilities at
which the drug is manufactured. The FDA will not approve the product unless compliance with cGMPs is satisfactory and the NDA contains
data that provide substantial evidence that the drug is safe and effective in the indication studied.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">After the FDA evaluates the NDA and the manufacturing
facilities, it issues either an approval letter or a complete response letter. A complete response letter generally outlines the deficiencies
in the submission and may require substantial additional testing or information in order for the FDA to reconsider the application. If
and when those deficiencies have been addressed to the FDA&#8217;s satisfaction in a resubmission of the NDA, the FDA will issue an approval
letter. The FDA has committed to reviewing such resubmissions in two or six months depending on the type of information included. An approval
letter authorizes commercial marketing of the drug with specific prescribing information for specific indications. As a condition of NDA
approval, the FDA may require a risk evaluation and mitigation strategy, or REMS, to help ensure that the benefits of the drug outweigh
the potential risks.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">REMS can include medication guides, communication
plans for healthcare professionals, and elements to assure safe use, or ETASU. ETASU can include, but are not limited to, special training
or certification for prescribing or dispensing, dispensing only under certain circumstances, special monitoring, and the use of patient
registries. The requirement for a REMS can materially affect the potential market and profitability of the drug. Moreover, product approval
may require substantial post-approval testing and surveillance to monitor the drug&#8217;s safety or efficacy. Once granted, product approvals
may be withdrawn if compliance with regulatory standards is not maintained or problems are identified following initial marketing.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><i>Post-Approval Regulations</i></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Even if a product candidate receives regulatory
approval, the approval is typically limited to specific clinical indications. Further, even after regulatory approval is obtained, subsequent
discovery of previously unknown problems with a product may result in restrictions on its use or even complete withdrawal of the product
from the market. Any FDA-approved products manufactured or distributed by us are subject to continuing regulation by the FDA, including
record-keeping requirements and reporting of adverse events or experiences. Further, drug manufacturers and their subcontractors are required
to register their establishments with the FDA and state agencies, and are subject to periodic inspections by the FDA and state agencies
for compliance with cGMPs, which impose rigorous procedural and documentation requirements upon us and our contract manufacturers. ABVC
cannot be certain that ABVC or its present or future contract manufacturers or suppliers will be able to comply with cGMPs regulations
and other FDA regulatory requirements. Failure to comply with these requirements may result in, among other things, total or partial suspension
of production activities, failure of the FDA to grant approval for marketing, and withdrawal, suspension, or revocation of marketing approvals.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">If the FDA approves one or more of our product
candidates, ABVC must provide certain updated safety and efficacy information. Product changes, as well as certain changes in the manufacturing
process or facilities where the manufacturing occurs or other post-approval changes may necessitate additional FDA review and approval.
The labeling, advertising, promotion, marketing and distribution of a drug must be in compliance with FDA and Federal Trade Commission,
or FTC, requirements which include, among others, standards and regulations for direct-to-consumer advertising, off-label promotion, industry
sponsored scientific and educational activities, and promotional activities involving the Internet. The FDA and FTC have very broad enforcement
authority, and failure to abide by these regulations can result in penalties, including the issuance of a warning letter directing us
to correct deviations from regulatory standards and enforcement actions that can include seizures, fines, injunctions and criminal prosecution.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><i>Foreign Regulatory Approval</i></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Outside of the U.S., ABVC&#8217;s ability to market
our product candidates will be contingent also upon its receiving marketing authorizations from the appropriate foreign regulatory authorities,
whether or not FDA approval has been obtained. The foreign regulatory approval process in most industrialized countries generally encompasses
risks similar to those ABVC will encounter in the FDA approval process. The requirements governing conduct of clinical trials and marketing
authorizations, and the time required to obtain requisite approvals, may vary widely from country to country and differ from those required
for FDA approval.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">ABVC will be subject to additional regulations
in other countries in which we market, sell and import our products, including Canada. ABVC or its distributors must receive all necessary
approvals or clearance prior to marketing and/or importing our products in those markets.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><i>Other Regulatory Matters</i></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Manufacturing, sales, promotion and other activities
following product approval are also subject to regulation by numerous regulatory authorities in addition to the FDA, including, in the
U.S., the Centers for Medicare &amp; Medicaid Services, other divisions of the Department of Health and Human Services, the Drug Enforcement
Administration, the Consumer Product Safety Commission, the Federal Trade Commission, the Occupational Safety &amp;Health Administration,
the Environmental Protection Agency and state and local governments. In the U.S., sales, marketing and scientific/educational programs
must also comply with state and federal fraud and abuse laws. Pricing and rebate programs must comply with the Medicaid rebate requirements
of the U.S. Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1990 and more recent requirements in the Health Care Reform Law, as amended by the Health
Care and Education Affordability Reconciliation Act, or ACA. If products are made available to authorized users of the Federal Supply
Schedule of the General Services Administration, additional laws and requirements apply. The handling of any controlled substances must
comply with the U.S. Controlled Substances Act and Controlled Substances Import and Export Act. Products must meet applicable child-resistant
packaging requirements under the U.S. Poison Prevention Packaging Act. Manufacturing, sales, promotion and other activities are also potentially
subject to federal and state consumer protection and unfair competition laws.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The distribution of pharmaceutical products is
subject to additional requirements and regulations, including extensive recordkeeping, licensing, storage and security requirements intended
to prevent the unauthorized sale of pharmaceutical products.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The failure to comply with regulatory requirements
subjects firms to possible legal or regulatory action. Depending on the circumstances, failure to meet applicable regulatory requirements
can result in criminal prosecution, fines, imprisonment or other penalties, injunctions, recall or seizure of products, total or partial
suspension of production, denial or withdrawal of product approvals, or refusal to allow a firm to enter into supply contracts, including
government contracts. In addition, even if a firm complies with FDA and other requirements, new information regarding the safety or effectiveness
of a product could lead the FDA to modify or withdraw product approval. Prohibitions or restrictions on sales or withdrawal of future
products marketed by us could materially affect our business in an adverse way.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Changes in regulations, statutes or the interpretation
of existing regulations could impact our business in the future by requiring, for example: (i) changes to our manufacturing arrangements;
(ii) additions or modifications to product labeling; (iii) the recall or discontinuation of our products; or (iv) additional record-keeping
requirements. If any such changes were to be imposed, they could adversely affect the operation of our business.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Employees</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">As of March 31, 2025, we, including the subsidiaries,
have 19 employees, 16 of which are full-time, located in the U.S. and Taiwan.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><span style="-keep: true">Functional Area</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><span style="-keep: true">Number of<br/> Employees</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 88%; text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 9pt"><span style="-keep: true">Senior management</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">4</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 9pt"><span style="-keep: true">Research and development</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">9</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 9pt"><span style="-keep: true">Administration</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">2</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 9pt"><span style="-keep: true">Accounting</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">4</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt; text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 9pt"><span style="-keep: true">Total</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">19</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>


</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">ABVC believes that it maintains a good working
relationship with its employees. ABVC offers its employees competitive benefits, including a pleasant and rewarding work environment,
career-oriented training, and career growth opportunities. ABVC believes its employees are devoted to delivering superb services. ABVC
did not experience any significant labor disputes.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b>Legal Proceedings</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">From time to time ABVC and its Subsidiaries may
become involved in legal proceedings and claims, or be threatened with other legal actions and claims, arising in the ordinary course
of business relating to its intellectual property, product liability, regulatory compliance and/or marketing and advertising of its products.
As of the date of this prospectus, ABVC and its Subsidiaries were not involved or threatened with any legal actions and regulatory proceedings.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p><div>

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    </div><div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div><div>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b>Environment</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">ABVC seeks to comply with all applicable statutory
and administrative requirements concerning environmental quality. Expenditures for compliance with federal state and local environmental
laws have not had, and are not expected to have, a material effect on ABVC&#8217;s capital expenditures, results of operations or competitive
position.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Properties </b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">Our Subsidiary BioLite has its laboratories
located in Hsinchu Biomedical Science Park, with an address of 2nd Floor, No. 20, Sec. 2, Shengyi Rd., Zhubei City, Hsinchu County 302,
Taiwan (R.O.C.). On January 1, 2015, BioLite Taiwan entered into a lease agreement with the National Science Park Administrative Office
(Hsinchu City) under which it rents two dormitory buildings in Hsinchu County, Taiwan for a period of five years. The aggregate leasing
area amounts to approximately 678 square meters (equivalent to approximately 7,298 square feet) on the second floor of the building.
The leased space counts for approximately 1.9% of the total space of the building. On January 1, 2020 and January 1, 2024, BioLite Taiwan
extended the contract for another five and five years respectively. The new expiration date is on December 31, 2029. The rent increases
by a small percentage each year during the term of the lease agreement. BioLite paid $48,406 and $50,572 in rental expense for the laboratory
space for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="-keep: true">Another subsidiary BioKey is headquartered
in Fremont, California. BioKey&#8217;s office lease will end on February 28, 2026 and the office occupies approximately 28,186 square
feet. BioKey&#8217;s space consists of offices, research and production laboratories, and manufacturing facilities, which are GMP certified.
BioKey has an option to extend the lease for its offices in Fremont for a period of five years commencing February 28, 2026, and BioKey
may exercise this option for 5 more years. The total BioKey&#8217;s rental expenses were $421,894 and $353,466 for the years ended December
31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><div><a id="s_011"></a></div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>MANAGEMENT</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The following table sets forth as of the date
of this prospectus, the name, age, and position of each executive officer and director and the term of office of each such person.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
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    <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; width: 1%"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center; width: 10%"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><b>Age&#160;</b></span></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; width: 1%"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 68%"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><b>Title</b></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <td><span style="font-size: 10pt">Eugene Jiang</span></td>
    <td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 10pt">38</span></td>
    <td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td><span style="font-size: 10pt">Chairman of the Board and Chief Business Officer (&#8220;CBO&#8221;)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><span style="font-size: 10pt">Dr. Uttam Patil</span></td>
    <td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 10pt">39</span></td>
    <td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td><span style="font-size: 10pt">Chief Executive Officer (&#8220;CEO&#8221;), Interim CFO</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <td><span style="font-size: 10pt">Dr. Tsung-Shann (T.S.) Jiang</span></td>
    <td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 10pt">71</span></td>
    <td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td><span style="font-size: 10pt">Chief Scientific Officer (&#8220;CSO&#8221;), Chief Strategy Officer (&#8220;CSTRO&#8221;) and
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><span style="font-size: 10pt">Dr. Tsang Ming Jiang</span></td>
    <td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 10pt">64</span></td>
    <td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td><span style="font-size: 10pt">Director</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <td><span style="font-size: 10pt">Dr. Chang-Jen Jiang</span></td>
    <td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 10pt">69</span></td>
    <td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td><span style="font-size: 10pt">Director</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><span style="font-size: 10pt">Norimi Sakamoto</span></td>
    <td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 10pt">54</span></td>
    <td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td><span style="font-size: 10pt">Independent Director</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <td><span style="font-size: 10pt">Yen-Hsin Chou</span></td>
    <td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 10pt">36</span></td>
    <td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td><span style="font-size: 10pt">Independent Director</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><span style="font-size: 10pt">Hsin-Hui Miao</span></td>
    <td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 10pt">59</span></td>
    <td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td><span style="font-size: 10pt">Independent Director</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <td><span style="font-size: 10pt">Yoshinobu Odaira</span></td>
    <td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 10pt">77</span></td>
    <td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td><span style="font-size: 10pt">Independent Director</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><span style="font-size: 10pt">Che-Wei Hsu </span></td>
    <td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 10pt">43</span></td>
    <td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td><span style="font-size: 10pt">Independent Director </span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <td><span style="font-size: 10pt">Shuling Jiang </span></td>
    <td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 10pt">69</span></td>
    <td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td><span style="font-size: 10pt">Director </span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><span style="font-size: 10pt">Yu-Min (Francis) Chung </span></td>
    <td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 10pt">60</span></td>
    <td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td><span style="font-size: 10pt">Independent Director </span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">Set forth below is certain biographical information
regarding each of our directors and executive officers as of the date of this prospectus.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true"><b>Eugene Jiang, Chairman,</b> served as our
CEO and President from the Company&#8217;s inception in July 2015 until he resigned on September 15, 2017. He remains the Chairman of
the Board. He also serves as our CBO since September 2019 and serves as the CBO of BioKey, Inc. Since March 13, 2025, Eugene Jiang was
appointed as AiBtl&#8217;s Chief Financial Officer. Since 2019. Mr. Jiang also serves as Director for BioLite Incorporation since June
2015 and as Director for BioFirst Corp. since 2012. He also serves as CEO for Genepro Investment Company since March 2010. Mr. Jiang
obtained a PMBA degree from National Taiwan University in 2017 and an EMBA degree from the University of Texas in Arrington in 2010.
And in 2009, Mr. Jiang received a bachelor&#8217;s degree in Physical Education from Fu-Jen Catholic University.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true"><b>Dr. Uttam Patil, CEO,</b> was appointed
as the Company&#8217;s Chief Executive Officer on June 21, 2023; he now serves as interim CFO too. Since March 13, 2025, Dr. Patil was
also appointed as AiBtl&#8217;s co-CEO. Dr. Patil has served as the Chief Operating and Scientific Officer of the Company&#8217;s subsidiary,
BioKey, Inc. since May 2023; he also works for Rgene Corporation (a related party), as the R&amp;D Manager since May 2023, after being
promoted from Project Manager, to which he serves from August 2022 to May 2023. Prior to that, Dr. Patil was a Post-Doctoral Research
Fellow at NTNU from March 2020 to July 2022. In 2019, Dr. Patil received the &#8220;Platinum Award&#8221; for an Oral Presentation on
the topic, &#8220;Nucleobase Functionalized Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Hybridization with Single-Stranded DNA&#8221; at a Workshop
on Organic Chemistry for Junior Chemists held in South Korea. Dr. Patil received his Ph.D. in Chemistry from National Tsing Hua University
and a Masters in Analytical Chemistry from Pune University, as well as a Bachelors in industrial chemistry from Pune University.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true"><b>Dr. T.S. Jiang, Chief Strategy Officer
and Director,</b> has served as the Company&#8217;s Chief Strategy Officer since September 2019. Since March 13, 2025, Dr. Jiang was
also appointed as AiBtl&#8217;s Chief Strategy Officer. Dr. Jiang serves as the CEO of Biokey, Inc. since December 2021, as a director
of BioFirst Corp. since 2013, and has been the CEO and chairman of BioLite, Inc., a subsidiary of BioLite BVI, Inc., since January 2010.
Prior to BioLite, Dr. Jiang served as the president and/or chairman of multiple biotech companies in Taiwan, including PhytoHealth Corporation
from 1998 to 2009 and AmCad BioMed Corporation from 2008 to 2009. In addition, Dr. Jiang is a director on various biotech associations,
such as the Taiwan Bio Industry Organization (Taiwan) from 2006 to 2008 and the Chinese Herbs and Biotech Development Association in
Taiwan from 2003 to 2006. Dr. Jiang was an assistant professor at University of Illinois from 1981 to 1987 and an associate professor
at Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey from 1987 to 1990 and served as a professor at a few Taiwanese universities during a period
from 1990 to 1993, such as National Taiwan University, National Cheng Kung University and Tunghai University. Dr. Jiang obtained his
bachelor degree in Engineering and Chemical Engineering from National Taiwan University in Taiwan in 1976, masters and Ph.D. from Northwestern
University in the U.S. in 1981 and Executive Master of Business Administration (&#8220;EMBA&#8221;) from National Taiwan University in
Taiwan in 2007. As a successful entrepreneur, Dr. Jiang has developed and commercialized PG2 Lyo Injection, a new drug to treat cancer
related fatigue. From 1998 to 2009, Dr. T. S. Jiang served as President of Phyto Health Corporation where he led a project team to develop
PG2 Injectable. This product was extracted, isolated and purified from a type of Traditional Chinese Medicine. PG2 Injection was intended
for cancer patients who had trouble recovering from severe fatigue. Dr. Jiang oversaw and managed the R&amp;D department, daily corporate
operations and business of Phyto Health Corporation when he was the President. PG2 Lyo Injection received approval on its NDA from Taiwan
Food and Drug Administration in 2010 and later was launched into the Taiwan market in 2012. We believe that Dr. Jiang provides leadership
and technological guidance on our strategic development and operations.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true"><b>Dr. Tsang Ming Jiang, Director</b>, has
served as a director of BioFirst Corp. since 2017 and as a technical director at Supermicro Computer, Inc. since August 2022. Dr. Jiang
served as a technical director at the Industrial Technology Research Institute in Taiwan from February 2017 to July 2021. Prior to joining
the Industrial Technology Research Institute as a technical director, Dr. Jiang worked at the Company as chief information officer from
November 2016 to January 2017, Ericsson as engineering manager from 2013 to 2016 and the Industrial Technology Research Institute as
deputy director from October 2011 to February 2013. In addition, Dr. Jiang worked at several other research institutes, including University
of Alaska Fairbanks, National Taiwan University and Chung Cheng University, with his research interest in cloud computing and Internet
security, especially in the areas of virtualization, software-defined data centers, SDN enabled networks and big data analytics. Dr.
Jiang received his Bachelor of Science in electrical engineering in 1983 and Master of Science in electrical engineering in 1984, both
from National Taiwan University, and his Ph.D. in electrical engineering and computer science from University of Illinois at Chicago
in 1988. Dr. Tsang Ming Jiang is a brother of Dr. Tsung-Shann Jiang, who together with his wife collectively owns 80% of Lion Arts Promotion,
Inc. which has approximately 69.3% of ownership interest in the Company through YuanGene Corporation, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Lion
Arts Promotion, Inc.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true"><b>Dr. Chang-Jen Jiang, Director,</b> has
served as a director of BioLite Inc. since 2013 and as a director of BioFirst Corp. since 2015. Dr. Jiang has been a pediatrician at
the department of pediatrics of Eugene Women and Children Clinic since 2016. Previously, Dr. Chang-Jen worked as an attending doctor
at the department of pediatrics of Keelung Hospital, the Ministry of Health and Welfare in Taiwan from 1994 to 2009. Before his position
at Keelung Hospital, he was a chief doctor at the department of pediatrics, hematology and oncology of Mackay Memorial Hospital in Taiwan
for three years until 1994. Dr. Chang-Jen Jiang obtained his doctor of medicine degree (the Taiwanese equivalent degree of MD) from Taipei
Medical University in Taiwan in 1982 and started his career in Mackay Memorial Hospital. We believe that the Company will benefit from
Dr. Jiang&#8217;s knowledge in biology and experiences in medical practice.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b style="-keep: true">&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true"><b>Norimi Sakamoto, Director</b>, currently
serves a director at Shogun Maitake Canada Co., Ltd. from June 2016. Ms. Sakamoto served as the chief executive officer of MyLife Co.,
Ltd. from June 2013 to March 2020. Ms. Sakamoto started her career in 1997 from Sumitomo Corporation Hokkaido Co., Ltd. in Japan. Ms.
Sakamoto received her Bachelor Degree of Arts in travel and tourism from Davis and Elkins College in 1993 and Master of Science in urban
studies from the University of New Orleans in 1995.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true"><b>Yen-Hsin Chou, Director</b>, has served
as a financial specialist at Mega Bank since 2011. Ms. Chou&#8217;s responsibilities primarily include customer services and financial
consultations. Ms. Chou received a Bachelor Degree in finance and economics from Yuan Ze University School of Economics in 2010.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true"><b>Hsin-Hui Miao, Director,</b> served as
counter manager at Yueh Shan Chi Cram School from August 2021 to May 2022. From August 1988 to July 2021, Ms. Miao was a kindergarten
teacher and also severed as the leader of general affairs team at the affiliated high school of Tunghai University, Kindergarten Division.
Ms. Miao received her Bachelor Degree of Education from Taichung University of Education in 1998.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

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    </div><div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div><div>
    </div><!-- Field: /Page --><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true"><b>Yoshinobu Odaira, Director,</b> was elected
as a director on our Board of Directors on February 8, 2019. He is an entrepreneur and has founded a number of Japanese agricultural
companies, including Yukiguni Maitake, our licensing partner. In 1983, Mr. Odaira established Yukiguni Maitake, which became a public
company in Japan in 1994. In 2015, Bain Capital Private Equity purchased Yukiguni Maitake through a tender offer. In addition to his
success with Yukiguni Maitake, Mr. Odaira served as the CEO of Yukiguni Shoji Co., Ltd. since 1988, as the CEO of Odaira Shoji Co., Ltd.
from 1989 and as a director of Shogun Maitake Japan Co., Ltd. since June 1989. In 2015, Mr. Odaira founded two new companies, Shogun
Maitake Canada Co., Ltd. in Canada and Odaira Kinoko Research Co., Ltd. in Japan. Mr. Odaira has served as the CEO and director of Shogun
Maitake Canada Co., Ltd. since June 2016. Mr. Odaira served as a director of BioLite Inc. from February 2019 to April 2019. Yoshinobu
Odaira graduated from the Ikazawa Junior High School in 1963. We believe that we will benefit from Mr. Odaira&#8217;s successful business
experience.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true"><b>Che Wei Hsu, Director,</b> is currently
employed as a clerk by Chunghwa Post Co., Ltd. since August 2016; previously she was a teacher in a Junior High School. Ms. Hsu received
a Bachelor Degree from Tunghai University School of Chinese Literature in 2004.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true"><b>Shuling Jiang, Director,</b> has served
as a director for various companies, including BioLite, Inc. and BioFirst Corp, , since 2017 and started to serve as Managing Director
for Biokey, Inc. in 2022. Ms. Jiang received a Bachelor Degree from National Taiwan Normal University School of Music in 1978 and a Master
Degree from Northwestern University School of Music in 1983.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="-keep: true"><b>Yu-Min (Francis) Chung, Director</b>, was
a Partner at Maxpro Ventures, an investment firm in Taiwan focused on breakthrough biomedical technology companies, from July 2018 to
May 2022. Prior to that, he served as Vice President at TaiAn Technology, which is a biotechnology service company and a management company
for biotechnology venture capital funds in Taiwan, from June 2016 to June 2018. Mr. Chung received his Bachelor&#8217;s Degree of Science
in Chemistry from National Taiwan University in 1987, Master&#8217;s Degree in Business Administration from National Taiwan University
in 2006, and Ph.D. in Pharmacy from University of Iowa in 1995.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b>&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b>Family Relationships</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">There are no family relationships among the
executive officers and directors of the Company, except that Dr. Tsang Ming Jiang, Dr. Tsung-Shann Jiang and Dr. Chang-Jen Jiang are
brothers, Mr. Eugene Jiang is Dr. Tsung-Shann Jiang&#8217;s son, and the marital relationship between Yoshinobu Odaira and Norimi Sakamoto.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b>Legal Proceedings</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><i>Involvement in Certain Legal Proceedings</i></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">During the past ten years, none of our current directors, executive
officers, promoters, control persons, or nominees has been:</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">the subject of any bankruptcy petition filed by or against any business of which such person was a general partner or executive officer either at the time of the bankruptcy or within two years prior to that time;</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">convicted in a criminal proceeding or is subject to a pending criminal proceeding (excluding traffic violations and other minor offenses);</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Unless disclosed otherwise, we are currently not
a party to any material legal or administrative proceedings and are not aware of any pending legal or administrative proceedings against
us. We may from time to time become a party to various legal or administrative proceedings arising in the ordinary course of our business.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b>Director Independence</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The NASDAQ Rules require that a majority of the
Board be independent. The Board consists of 11 directors, of which nine are non-management directors. Each year the Board reviews the
materiality of any relationship that each of our directors has with the Company, either directly or indirectly. No member of the Board
has any relationship or arrangement that would require disclosure under Item 404 of Regulation S-K. For additional information see &#8220;Certain
Relationships and Related-Party Transactions&#8221; in this report. Based on this review, the Board has determined that the following
current directors are &#8220;independent directors&#8221; as defined by the NASDAQ Rules: Messrs. Odaira and Chung and Mses. Sakamoto,
Chou and Miao.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Each director who is a member of the Audit and
Finance Committee, Compensation Committee and Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee is an independent director.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b>Board Committees</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><i>Audit Committee</i>. The Audit Committee of
the Board of Directors currently consists of Ms. Chou, Yen-Hsin (Chair), Ms. Miao, Hsin-Hui, and Ms. Hsu, Che-Wei. The functions of the
Audit Committee include the retention of our independent registered public accounting firm, reviewing and approving the planned scope,
proposed fee arrangements and results of the Company&#8217;s annual audit, reviewing the adequacy of the Company&#8217;s accounting and
financial controls and reviewing the independence of the Company&#8217;s independent registered public accounting firm. The Board has
determined that Ms. Chou, Ms. Miao and Ms. Hsu are each an &#8220;independent director&#8221; under the listing standards of The NASDAQ
Stock Market. The Board of Directors has also determined Ms. Chou is an &#8220;audit committee financial expert&#8221; within the applicable
definition of the SEC. The Audit Committee is governed by a written charter approved by the Board of Directors, a copy of which is available
on our website at www.abvcpharma.com. Information contained on our website are not incorporated by reference into and do not form any
part of this reports. We have included the website address as a factual reference and do not intend it to be an active link to the website.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><i>Compensation Committee</i>. The Compensation
Committee of the Board of Directors currently consists of Ms. Norimi Sakamoto (Chair), Ms. Miao, Hsin-Hui, and Ms. Hsu, Che-Wei. The functions
of the Compensation Committee include the approval of the compensation offered to our executive officers and recommending to the full
Board of Directors the compensation to be offered to our directors, including our Chairman. The Board has determined that Ms. Sakamoto,
Ms. Miao and Ms. Hsu are each an &#8220;independent director&#8221; under the listing standards of The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC. In addition,
the members of the Compensation Committee qualify as &#8220;non-employee directors&#8221; for purposes of Rule 16b-3 under the Exchange
Act and as &#8220;outside directors&#8221; for purposes of Section 162(m) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. The Compensation
Committee is governed by a written charter approved by the Board of Directors, a copy of which is available on our website at www.abvcpharma.com.
Information contained on our website are not incorporated by reference into and do not form any part of this report. We have included
the website address as a factual reference and do not intend it to be an active link to the website.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><i>Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee</i>.
The Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee of the Board of Directors consists of Mr. Yoshinobu Odaira (Chair), Ms. Miao, Hsin-Hui,
and Ms. Hsu, Che-Wei, each of whom is an independent director under Nasdaq&#8217;s listing standards. The corporate governance and nominating
committee is responsible for overseeing the selection of persons to be nominated to serve on our board of directors. The corporate governance
and nominating committee considers persons identified by its members, management, shareholders, investment bankers and others.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Guidelines for Selecting Director Nominees</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The guidelines for selecting nominees, which are
specified in the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee Charter, generally provide that persons to be nominated:</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
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  </table><div>
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</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
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  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
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  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The corporate governance and nominating committee
will consider a number of qualifications relating to management and leadership experience, background and integrity and professionalism
in evaluating a person&#8217;s candidacy for membership on the board of directors. The nominating committee may require certain skills
or attributes, such as financial or accounting experience, to meet specific board needs that arise from time to time and will also consider
the overall experience and makeup of its members to obtain a broad and diverse mix of board members. The board of directors will also
consider director candidates recommended for nomination by our shareholders during such times as they are seeking proposed nominees to
stand for election at the next annual meeting of shareholders (or, if applicable, a special meeting of shareholders). Our shareholders
that wish to nominate a director for election to the Board should follow the procedures set forth in our bylaws. The nominating committee
does not distinguish among nominees recommended by shareholders and other persons.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Board Leadership Structure and Role in Risk
Oversight</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We have two separate individuals serving as our
CEO and Chairman. Our Board of Directors, or the Board, is primarily responsible for overseeing our risk management processes on behalf
of our company. The Board receives and reviews periodic reports from management, auditors, legal counsel, and others, as considered appropriate
regarding our company&#8217;s assessment of risks. In addition, the Board focuses on the most significant risks facing our company and
our company&#8217;s general risk management strategy, and also ensures that risks undertaken by our company are consistent with the board&#8217;s
appetite for risk. While the Board oversees our company&#8217;s risk management, management is responsible for day-to-day risk management
processes. We believe this division of responsibilities is the most effective approach for addressing the risks facing our company and
that our board leadership structure supports this approach.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Code of Ethics</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We adopted a code of ethics, a copy of which is
attached herein as Exhibit 14.1. The Code of Ethics applies to all of our employees, officers and directors. This Code constitutes a &#8220;code
of ethics&#8221; as defined by the rules of the SEC. Copies of the code may be obtained free of charge from our website, www.abvcpharma.com.
Any amendments to, or waivers from, a provision of our code of ethics that applies to any of our executive officers will be posted on
our website in accordance with the rules of the SEC.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b>Indemnification</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Neither our Articles of Incorporation nor Bylaws
prevent us from indemnifying our officers, directors and agents to the extent permitted under the Nevada Revised Statute (&#8220;NRS&#8221;).
NRS Section 78.7502 provides that a corporation shall indemnify any director, officer, employee or agent of a corporation against expenses,
including attorneys&#8217; fees, actually and reasonably incurred by him in connection with any the defense to the extent that a director,
officer, employee or agent of a corporation has been successful on the merits or otherwise in defense of any action, suit or proceeding
referred to Section 78.7502(1) or 78.7502(2), or in defense of any claim, issue or matter therein.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising
under the Securities Act of 1933 may be permitted to directors, officers or persons controlling the Company pursuant to Wyoming law, we
are informed that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission, such indemnification is against public policy as expressed
in the Securities Act and is therefore unenforceable.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><div><a id="s_012"></a></div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The following tables set forth, for each of the
last two completed fiscal years of us, the total compensation awarded to, earned by or paid to any person who was a principal executive
officer during the last two fiscal years and every other highest compensated executive officers earning more than $100,000 during the
last fiscal year (together, the &#8220;Named Executive Officers&#8221;). The tables set forth below reflect the compensation of the Named
Executive Officers.&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-spacing: 0px;">
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    <td colspan="2"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 6%; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">-</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">2023</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">Leeds Chow (2)</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">2024</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">76,873</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">110,571</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">2023</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">180,000</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">180,000</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">Tsung-Shann Jiang (3)</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">2024</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">200,000</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">153,746</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">353,746</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">2023</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">200,000</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">200,000</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">Richard Chi-Hsin King (4)</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">2024</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">90,556</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">90,556</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">2023</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">90,556</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">Chihliang An (6)</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">2024</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">2023</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0in; margin-bottom: 0in; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 10pt">(1)</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Dr. Doong was appointed
as the CEO on September 15, 2017. Dr. Doong later resigned from his position as the Company&#8217;s CEO on June 21, 2023. The Company&#8217;s
board of directors appointed Dr. Uttam Patil to replace Dr. Doong as the Company&#8217;s CEO.</span></td>
</tr></table><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0in; margin-bottom: 0in; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 10pt">(2)</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Mr. Chow was appointed as
the CFO on September 4, 2022 and resigned on March 5, 2025.</span></td>
</tr></table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">(5)</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
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  </table><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p><div>

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    </div><div style="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->86<!-- Field: /Sequence --></p></div><div>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b>Narrative Disclosure to Summary Compensation Table</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0; margin-bottom: 0pt">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Other than set out below, there are no arrangements
or plans in which we provide pension, retirement or similar benefits for directors or executive officers. Our directors and executive
officers may receive share options at the discretion of our board of directors in the future. We do not have any material bonus or profit
sharing plans pursuant to which cash or non-cash compensation is or may be paid to our directors or executive officers, except that share
options may be granted at the discretion of our board of directors.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b>Stock Option Plan</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0; margin-bottom: 0pt">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Our board approved and adopted the Amended and
Restated 2016 Equity Incentive Plan on September 12, 2020 (the &#8220;Plan&#8221;), a copy of which is attached hereto as exhibit 10.17.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b>Grants of Plan-Based Awards</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">On April 16, 2022, the Company entered into
stock option agreements with 5 directors, pursuant to which the Company granted options to purchase an aggregate of 76,190 shares (post-split)
of common stock under the Plan, as amended, at an exercise price of $30.0 per share (post-split). The options were vested at the grant
date and become exercisable for 10 years from the grant date.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">As of the date of this report, we have granted
options under the Plan that can be exercised for an aggregate of 258,710 shares of Common Stock.&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Outstanding Equity Awards at Fiscal Year End</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">The following table summarizes outstanding
unexercised options, unvested stocks and equity incentive plan awards held by each of our named executive officers, as of December 31,
2024:</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

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</div><div><a id="s_013"></a></div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>OUTSTANDING EQUITY AWARDS AT FISCAL YEAR-END</b></p><div>

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</div><table cellpadding="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td colspan="19" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><span style="-keep: true">OPTION AWARDS*</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="14" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><span style="-keep: true">STOCK AWARDS</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">Name</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><span style="-keep: true">Number of<br/> Securities<br/> Underlying<br/>
    Unexercised<br/> Options (#)<br/> Exercisable</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><span style="-keep: true">Number of<br/> Securities<br/> Underlying<br/>
    Unexercised<br/> Options (#)<br/> Unexercisable</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><span style="-keep: true">Equity Incentive<br/> Plan Awards:<br/>
    Number of<br/> Securities<br/> Underlying<br/> Unexercised<br/> Unearned Options<br/> (#)</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><span style="-keep: true">Options<br/> Exercise<br/> Prices<br/>
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    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><span style="-keep: true">Option<br/> Expiration<br/> Date</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><span style="-keep: true">Number of<br/> Shares or<br/> Units
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    <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><span style="-keep: true">Market<br/> Value of<br/> Shares
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    <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><span style="-keep: true">Equity<br/> Incentive Plan<br/>
    Awards:<br/> Number of<br/> Unearned<br/> Shares, Units<br/> or Other<br/> Rights That<br/> Have Not<br/> Been Issued<br/> (#)</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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    Market or Payout<br/> Value of Unearned<br/> Shares, Units or<br/> Other Rights That<br/> Have Not Been<br/> Issued<br/> ($)</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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    <td style="width: 28.5%; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in"><span style="-keep: true">Howard Doong</span></td><td style="width: 0.5%"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 0.5%; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 6%; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">8,572</span></td><td style="width: 0.5%; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 0.5%"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 0.5%; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 6%; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">1,071</span></td><td style="width: 0.5%; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 0.5%"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 0.5%; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 6%; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;-</span></td><td style="width: 0.5%; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 0.5%"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 0.5%; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 6%; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">20.0</span></td><td style="width: 0.5%; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 0.5%"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 11%; text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">Nov 20, 2031</span></td><td style="width: 0.5%"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 0.5%; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 6%; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#8239;-</span></td><td style="width: 0.5%; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 0.5%"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 0.5%; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 6%; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;-</span></td><td style="width: 0.5%; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 0.5%"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 0.5%; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 6%; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;-</span></td><td style="width: 0.5%; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 0.5%"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 0.5%; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 6%; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;-</span></td><td style="width: 0.5%; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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    <td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">40,000</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">30.0</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">Oct 15, 2032</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">15,238</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">30.0</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">Apr 16, 2033</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">Chihliang An</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">5,476</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">952</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">20.0</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">Nov 20, 2031</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">23,333</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">30.0</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">Oct 15, 2032</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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    <td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">15,238</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">30.0</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">Apr 16, 2033</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left; text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in"><span style="-keep: true">Tsung-Shann Jiang</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left; text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in"><span style="-keep: true">Richard Chi-Hsin King</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">20.0</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">Nov 20, 2031</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">31,667</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">30.0</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">Oct 15, 2032</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">15,238</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">30.0</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">Apr 16, 2033</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">Eugene Jiang</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">7,242</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">1,219</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">20.0</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">Nov 20, 2031</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">3,000</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">*</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">All
                                            number of options and exercise prices are adjusted for 1:10 reverse stock split in 2023.</span></td>
</tr></table><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></p><div>

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    </div><div style="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->88<!-- Field: /Sequence --></p></div><div>
    </div><div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div><div>
    </div><!-- Field: /Page --><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Compensation of Directors</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">We did not pay stock options to directors
in fiscal year 2024.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Pension, Retirement or Similar Benefit Plans</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">There are no arrangements or plans in which we
provide pension, retirement or similar benefits for directors or executive officers. We have no material bonus or profit sharing plans
pursuant to which cash or non-cash compensation is or may be paid to our directors or executive officers, except that stock options may
be granted at the discretion of the board of directors or a committee thereof.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Employment Contracts</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">Dr. Uttam Patil has entered into an employment
agreement (&#8220;Patil Employment Agreement&#8221;) with the Company on June 23, 2023, pursuant to which he shall receive the initial
base salary by stock options in accordance with Company&#8217;s standard payroll practice. As of the date of this prospectus, Dr. Patil
has yet to receive any stock options.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">On September 4, 2022, the Board appointed
Mr. Leeds Chow as the Company&#8217;s Chief Financial Officer (&#8220;CFO&#8221;) and Principal Accounting Officer effective from September
4, 2022 for a term of 3 years. On March 5, 2025, Mr. Chow resigned as CFO.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">We maintain an employment agreement with Dr.
Chi-Hsin Richard King (&#8220;King Employment Agreement&#8221;), pursuant to which he shall receive an annual base salary of $50,000.
As of December 31, 2017, we paid Mr. King 10,416 shares of the Company&#8217;s common stock at a per share price of $1.60 as opposed
to cash compensation. Under King Employment Agreement, Dr. King is employed as the CSO of the Company. We may terminate the employment
for cause, at any time, without notice or remuneration, for certain acts of the executive officer, such as conviction or plea of guilty
to a felony or grossly negligent or dishonest acts to our detriment, or misconduct or a failure to perform agreed duties. In such case,
the executive officer will not be entitled to receive payment of any severance benefits or other amounts by reason of the termination,
and the executive officer&#8217;s right to all other benefits will terminate, except as required by any applicable law. We may also terminate
an executive officer&#8217;s employment without cause upon one-month advance written notice. In such case of termination by us, we are
required to provide compensation to the executive officer, including severance pay equal to 12 months of base salary. The executive officer
may terminate the employment at any time with a one-month advance written notice if there is any significant change in the executive
officer&#8217;s duties and responsibilities or a material reduction in the executive officer&#8217;s annual salary. In such case, the
executive officer will be entitled to receive compensation equivalent to 12 months of the executive officer&#8217;s base salary. On August
21, 2019, all of the Board members present at the Meeting, unanimously reelected Dr. Richard King as the Chief Scientific Officer (&#8220;CSO&#8221;),
which became effective on September 1, 2019 for a term of three years. On June 13, 2023, Dr. Richard King resigned from his position
as the CSO after being related in 2022. The Company&#8217;s board of directors appointed Dr. Jiang to replace Dr. Richard King as the
CSO.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">On August 21, 2019, all of the Board members
present at the Meeting, except Eugene Jiang, appointed Mr. Eugene Jiang, the current Chairman of the Board, as the Chief Business Officer,
effective since September 1, 2019 for a term of three years. Mr. Eugene Jiang excused himself from the discussion regarding his appointment
as the Chief Business Officer of the Company during the Board meeting. Mr. Jiang was reelcted in 2022 and he contract was renewed for
another three years.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">On August 21, 2019, all of the Board members
present at the Meeting, except Dr. Tsung-Shann Jiang, reelected Dr. Tsung-Shann Jiang as the Chief Strategy Officer, effective since
September 1, 2019 for a term of three years. Dr. Tsung-Shann Jiang excused himself from the discussion regarding his appointment as the
Chief Strategy Officer of the Company during the Board meeting. Dr. Jiang was reelected in 2022 and the contract was renewed for another
three years.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-keep: true">Disclosure of Registrant&#8217;s Action to Recover Erroneously Awarded
Compensation</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">In response to Item 402(w) of Regulation S-K,
there was no time during or after the last completed fiscal year that the Company was required to either prepare an accounting restatement
that required recovery of erroneously awarded compensation pursuant to the Company&#8217;s compensation recovery policy, or had an outstanding
balance as of the end of the last completed fiscal year of erroneously awarded compensation to be recovered from the application of the
policy to a prior restatement.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p><div>

</div><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 95; Value: 1 --><div>
    </div><div style="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->89<!-- Field: /Sequence --></p></div><div>
    </div><div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div><div>
    </div><!-- Field: /Page --><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><div><a id="s_014"></a></div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS
AND MANAGEMENT</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The following table sets forth certain information
regarding beneficial ownership of our common stock as of the date hereof (i) each person (or group of affiliated persons) who is known
by us to own more than five percent (5%) of the outstanding shares of our Common Stock, (ii) each director, executive officer and director
nominee, and (iii) all of our directors, executive officers and director nominees as a group.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Beneficial ownership is determined in accordance
with SEC rules and generally includes voting or investment power with respect to securities. For purposes of this table, a person or group
of persons is deemed to have &#8220;beneficial ownership&#8221; of any shares of common stock that such person has the right to acquire
within 60 days of the date of the respective table. For purposes of computing the percentage of outstanding shares of our common stock
held by each person or group of persons named above, any shares that such person or persons has the right to acquire within 60 days of
the date of the respective table is deemed to be outstanding for such person, but is not deemed to be outstanding for the purpose of computing
the percentage ownership of any other person. The inclusion herein of any shares listed as beneficially owned does not constitute an admission
of beneficial ownership.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Unless otherwise noted, the business address of
each beneficial owner listed is 44370 Old Warm Springs Blvd., Fremont, CA 94538. Except as otherwise indicated, the persons listed below
have sole voting and investment power with respect to all shares of our common stock owned by them, except to the extent that power may
be shared with a spouse.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">As of May 23, 2025, we had 16,981,593
shares of common stock issued and outstanding.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">72,428</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">*</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">Eugene Jiang (1)</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">131,159</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">41,956</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">*</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">Hsin-Hui Miao</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">41,505</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">*</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">Dr. Tsang-Ming Jiang</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">41,994</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"/><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">*</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">Norimi Sakamoto</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">41,854</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"/><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">*</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">Dr. Tsung-Shann Jiang (2)(4)</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">543,589</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">3.4</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">%</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">Dr. Chang-Jen Jiang (3)</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">42,026</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">*</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">Yoshinobu Odaira</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">57,758</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">*</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">Che-Wei Hsu</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">41,489</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"/><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">*</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">Shuling Jiang (4)</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">1,665,015</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">10.6</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">%</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">Yu-Min Chung</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">41,387</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">*&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">All officers and directors as a group (Twelve (12) persons)</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">2,762,139</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">17.5</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">%</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">YuanGene Corporation (5)</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">829,699</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">5.3</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">%</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>


</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 10pt">*</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">less
                                            than 1%.</span></td>
</tr></table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 10pt">(1)</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Eugene
                                            Jiang held 131,159 shares through direct ownership.</span></td>
</tr></table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 10pt">(2)</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Dr.
                                            Tsung-Shann Jiang held 167,599 shares of common stock through his ownership in YuanGene Corporation,
                                            722 shares through Rgene Corporation, 608 shares through BioFirst, 13,630 shares through
                                            Lion Arts, and the rest of 361,030 shares through direct ownership.</span></td>
</tr></table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 10pt">(3)</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Dr.
                                            Chang-Jen Jiang held 158 shares of common stock in the Company through his ownership in BioFirst,
                                            1 share through Rgene, and the rest of 41,847 shares through direct ownership.</span></td>
</tr></table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 10pt">(4)</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Ms.
                                            Shuling Jiang held 662,100 shares of common stock through his ownership in YuanGene Corporation,
                                            964 shares through Rgene Corporation, 8,833 shares through BioFirst, 112 shares through BioLite,
                                            48,761 shares through Liongene, 21,313 shares through Keypoint, 1,012 shares through Genepro,
                                            53,845 shares through Lion Arts, and the rest of 868,075 shares through direct ownership.</span></td>
</tr></table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 10pt">(5)</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">YuanGene
                                            Corporation is a company wholly-owned by Lion Arts, which is owned by Shu-Ling Chiang (80%)
                                            and Dr. Tsung-Shann Jiang (20%); however, YuanGene appointed Eugene Jiang to have sole voting
                                            control over the shares held by YuanGene, the principal office address of which is 2<sup>nd
                                            </sup>floor, Building B, SNPF Plaza, Savalalo, Apia, Samoa.</span></td>
</tr></table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p><div>

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    </div><div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div><div>
    </div><!-- Field: /Page --><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><div><a id="s_015"></a></div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
OF DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Except as disclosed herein, no director, executive
officer, shareholder holding at least 5% of shares of our common stock, or any family member thereof, had any material interest, direct
or indirect, in any transaction, or proposed transaction since January 1, 2022, in which the amount involved in the transaction exceeds
the lesser of $120,000 or one percent of the average of our total assets at the year-end for the last two completed fiscal years.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">Since March 13, 2025, the following officers
and directors of the Company were appointed to the following positions at AiBtl: Eugene Jiang as AiBtl&#8217;s Chief Financial Officer,
Uttam Patil as AiBtl&#8217;s co-CEO and T.S. Jiang as AiBtl&#8217;s Chief Strategy Officer.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><span style="text-decoration:underline">Co-Development agreement with Rgene Corporation</span></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On November 10, 2020, the Company and Rgene signed
an amendment to the Co-Dev Agreement dated May 26, 2017, pursuant to which both parties agreed to delete AB-1507 HER2/neu Positive Breast
Cancer Combination Therapy and AB 1527 Ovary Cancer Combination Therapy and add ABV-1519 EGFR Positive Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Combination
Therapy and ABV-1526 Large Intestine / Colon / Rectal Cancer Combination Therapy to the products to be co-developed and commercialized.
Other provisions of the Co-Dev Agreement remain in full force and effect.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><span style="text-decoration:underline">Clinical Development Service Agreement with
Rgene Corporation</span></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On June 10, 2022, the Company expanded its co-development
partnership with Rgene. BioKey, Inc. entered into a Clinical Development Service Agreement with Rgene (&#8220;Service Agreement&#8221;)
to guide certain Rgene drug products, RGC-1501 for the treatment of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC), RGC-1502 for the treatment of
pancreatic cancer and RGC 1503 for the treatment of colorectal cancer patients, through completion of Phase II clinical studies under
U.S. FDA IND regulatory requirements (the &#8220;Rgene Studies&#8221;). The Service Agreement shall remain in effect until the expiration
date of the last patent and automatically renew for 5 more years unless terminated earlier by either party with six months written notice.
Under the terms of the Service Agreement, BioKey is eligible to receive payments totaling up to $3.0 million over a 3-year period with
each payment amount to be determined by certain regulatory milestones obtained during the agreement period.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><span style="text-decoration:underline">Collaborative agreement with BioFirst Corporation</span></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On November 4, 2020, we executed an amendment
to our collaboration agreement with BioFirst dated July 24, 2017, to add ABV-2001 Intraocular Irrigation Solution and ABV-2002 Corneal
Storage Solution to our agreement. ABV-2002 is intended to be utilized during a corneal transplant procedure to replace a damaged or diseased
cornea while ABV-2001 has broader utilization during a variety of ocular procedures.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Initially ABVC will focus on ABV-2002, a solution
utilized to store a donor cornea prior to either penetrating keratoplasty (full thickness cornea transplant) or endothelial keratoplasty
(back layer cornea transplant). Designated ABV-2002 under ABVC&#8217;s product identification system, the solution is comprised of a specific
poly amino acid that protects ocular tissue from damage caused by external osmolarity exposure during pre-surgery storage. The specific
polymer in ABV 2002 can adjust osmolarity to maintain a range of 330 to 390 mOsM thereby permitting hydration within the corneal stroma
during the storage period. Stromal hydration results in (a) maintaining acceptable corneal transparency and (b) prevents donor cornea
swelling. ABV-2002 also contains an abundant phenolic phytochemical found in plant cell walls that provides antioxidant antibacterial
properties and neuroprotection.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Early testing by BioFirst indicates that ABV-2002
may be more effective for protecting the cornea and retina during long-term storage than other storage media available today and can be
manufactured at lower cost. ABV-2002 is categorized as a Class I Medical Device that has the lowest risk to patients; however, further
clinical development was put on hold due to the lack of funding.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">On May 11, 2018, the Company and BioFirst
(Australia) entered into a loan agreement for a total amount of $40,000 to meet its working capital needs. The advances bear 0% interest
rate and are due on demand prior to September 30, 2020. Afterwards, all outstanding load will bear interest rate at 12% per annum. On
July 1, 2020, the Company entered into a loan agreement with BioFirst (Australia) for $361,487 to properly record R&amp;D cost and tax
refund allocation based on co-development contract executed on July 24, 2017. The loan was originally set to mature on September 30,
2021 with an interest rate of 6.5% per annum, however, on September 7, 2021, the Company entered into a loan agreement with BioFirst
(Australia) for $67,873 to meet its new project needs. On December 1, 2021, the Company entered into a loan agreement with BioFirst (Australia)
for $250,000 to increase the cost for upcoming projects. The loan has an interest rate of 6.5% per annum and matured on November 30,
2022. For accounting purpose, the due from and due to related party balances was being net off. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31,
2024, the outstanding loan balances and allocated research fee were both amounted to $681,185, and accrued interest balances were both
amounted $158,798. The business conditions of BioFirst (Australia) deteriorated and, as a result, the Company recognized expected credit
losses of $839,983 for the year ended December 31, 2023. The Company stopped accruing interest income recognizing such losses.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p><div>

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    </div><div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div><div>
    </div><!-- Field: /Page --><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><span style="text-decoration:underline">Joint Venture Agreement</span></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On October 6, 2021 (the &#8220;<b>Completion Date</b>&#8221;),
the Company, Lucidaim Co., Ltd., a Japanese corporation (&#8220;<b>Lucidaim</b>,&#8221; together with the Company, the &#8220;<b>Shareholders</b>&#8221;),
and BioLite Japan K.K., a Japanese corporation (&#8220;<b>Biolite JP&#8221;</b>) entered into a Joint Venture Agreement (the &#8220;<b>Agreement</b>&#8221;).
Biolite JP is a private limited company (a Japanese <i>Kabushiki Kaisha</i>) incorporated on December 18, 2018 and at the date of the
Agreement has 10,000 ordinary shares authorized, with 3,049 ordinary shares issued and outstanding (the &#8220;<b>Ordinary Shares</b>&#8221;).
Immediately prior to the execution of the Agreement, Lucidaim owned 1,501 Ordinary Shares and the Company owned 1,548 Ordinary Shares.
The Shareholders entered into the joint venture to formally reduce to writing their desire to invest in and operate Biolite JP as a joint
venture. The business of the joint venture shall be the research and development of drugs, medical device and digital media, investment,
fund running and consulting, distribution and marketing of supplements carried on by Biolite JP and its subsidiaries in Japan, or any
other territory or businesses as may from time to time be agreed by an amendment to the Agreement. The closing of the transaction is conditioned
upon the approval and receipt of all necessary government approvals, which have been received.</p><div>


</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Pursuant to the Agreement and the related share
transfer agreement, the Company shall transfer 54 of its Ordinary Shares to Lucidaim for no consideration, such that following the transfer,
Lucidaim shall own 1,555 Ordinary Shares (51%) and the Company shall own 1,494 Ordinary Shares (49%). Also pursuant to the Agreement,
there shall be 3 directors of Biolite JP, consisting of 1 director appointed by the Company and 2 appointed by Lucidiam. The Company shall
appoint Eugene Jiang, the Company&#8217;s current Chairman and Chief Business Officer and Lucidaim shall appoint Michihito Onishi; the
current director of Biolite JP, Toru Seo (who is also a director of BioLite Japan&#8217;s other shareholder), is considered the second
Lucidaim director. The Agreement further provides that the Company and Biolite JP shall assign the research collaboration and license
agreement between them to Biolite JP or prepare the same (the &#8220;<b>License Agreement</b>&#8221;). The aforementioned transactions
occurred on the Completion Date.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">As per the Agreement, the Shareholders shall supervise
and manage the business and operations of Biolite JP. The directors shall not be entitled to any renumeration for their services as a
director and each Shareholder can remove and replace the director he/she/it appointed. If a Shareholder sells or disposes of all of its
Ordinary Shares, the director such Shareholder appointed must tender his/her resignation. The Agreement also sets forth certain corporate
actions that must be pre-approved by all Shareholders (the &#8220;<b>Reserved Matters</b>&#8221;). If the Shareholders are unable to make
a decision on any Reserved Matter, then either Shareholder can submit a deadlock notice to the other shareholder, 5 days after which they
must refer the matter to each Shareholder&#8217;s chairman and use good faith to resolve the dispute. If such dispute is not resolved
within 10 days thereafter, then either Shareholder can offer to buy all of the other Shareholder&#8217;s Ordinary Shares for cash at a
specified price; if there is not affirmative acceptance of the sale, the sale shall proceed as set forth in the sale offer.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Each of the Shareholders maintains a pre-emptive
right to purchase such number of additional Ordinary Shares as would allow such Shareholder to maintain its ownership percentage in Biolite
JP if Biolite JP issues any new Ordinary Shares. However, the Agreement provides that the Company shall lose its pre-emptive rights under
certain conditions. The Shareholders also maintain a right of first refusal if the other Shareholder receives an offer to buy such shareholder&#8217;s
Ordinary Shares.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Agreement also requires Biolite JP to obtain
a bank facility in the amount of JPY 30,460,000 (approximately USD272,000), for its initial working capital purposes. Pursuant to the
Agreement, each Shareholder agrees to guarantee such bank facility if the bank requires a guarantee. Accordingly, the Company may be liable
for the bank facility in an amount up to JPY 14,925,400 (approximately USD134,000), which represents 49% of the maximum bank facility.
The Agreement further provides that Biolite JP shall issue annual dividends at the rate of at least 1.5% of Biolite JP&#8217;s profits,
if it has sufficient cash to do so.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Pursuant to the Agreement, the Company and Biolite
JP agree to use their best efforts to execute the License Agreement by the end of December 2021, but since it was not yet executed, the
parties continue such efforts. The Company agreed that any negotiation on behalf of Biolite JP regarding the terms of the License Agreement
shall be handled by the directors appointed by Lucidaim. If the Company and such Lucidaim directors do not reach agreement on the terms,
Biolite JP may at its sole discretion determine not to execute the License Agreement without any liability to the Company.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Agreement contains non-solicitation and non-compete
clauses for a period of 2 years after a Shareholder or its subsidiaries ceases to be a Shareholder, with such restrictive covenants limited
to business within the ophthalmologic filed or central neurological field. Any rights to intellectual property that arise from Biolite
JP&#8217;s activities, shall belong to Biolite JP.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p><div>

</div><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 98; Value: 1 --><div>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Agreement contains standard indemnification
terms, except that no indemnifying party shall have any liability for an individual liability unless it exceeds JPY 500,000 (approximately
USD4,500) and until the aggregate amount of all liabilities exceeds JPY 2,000,000 (approximately USD18,000) and then only to the extent
such liability exceed such limit.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company paid $150,000 towards the setup of
the joint venture; BioLite Japan&#8217;s other shareholder also paid $150,000 after the Letter of Intent was signed.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Agreement shall continue for 10 years, unless
earlier terminated. The Agreement also allows a Shareholder to terminate the agreement upon certain defaults committed by another Shareholder,
as set forth in the Agreement.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">In 2024, the Company recognized fully $150,000
loss in equity method investment based on continuing operating losses of BioLite JP.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">In April 2024, the Japan Patent Office granted
a new patent protection for the Company&#8217;s Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) candidate, ABV-1504. The patent is valid through 2040
and will help BioLite Japan market and commercialize the product.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><span style="text-decoration:underline">Agreement with BioLite, Inc.</span></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We entered into a Collaborative Agreement with
BioLite, Inc., a company incorporated under the laws of Taiwan, and a subsidiary of the Company, (&#8220;BioLite&#8221;) on December 29,
2015, and then entered into two addendums to such agreement (as amended and revised, (the &#8220;Agreement&#8221;). The majority shareholder
of BioLite is one of the Company&#8217;s subsidiaries, the Company&#8217;s Chairman is a director of BioLite and Dr. Jiang, the Company&#8217;s
Chief Strategy Officer and a director, is the Chairman of BioLite.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Pursuant to the Agreement, the Company acquired
the sole licensing rights to develop and commercialize for therapeutic purposes six compounds from BioLite. In accordance with the terms
of the Agreement, the Company shall pay BioLite (i) milestone payments of up to $100 million in cash and equity of the Company or equity
securities owned by it at various stages on a schedule dictated by BioLite&#8217;s achievements of certain milestones, as set forth in
the Agreement (the &#8220;Milestone Payments&#8221;) and (ii) a royalty payment equal to 5% of net sales of the drug products when ABV-1501
is approved for sale in the licensed territories. If BioLite fails to reach any of the milestones in a timely manner, it may not receive
the rest of the payments from the Company. According to the Agreement, after Phase II clinical trials are completed, 15% of the Milestone
Payment becomes due and shall be paid in two stages: (i) 5% no later than December 31, 2021 (the &#8220;December 2021 Payment&#8221;)
and (ii) 10% no later than December 31, 2022. On February 12, 2022, the Company&#8217;s Board of Directors determined that the December
2021 Payment, which is equal to $5,000,000, shall be paid via the cancellation of certain outstanding debt, in the amount of $5,000,000,
that BioLite owes the Company as of December 31, 2021. On February 22, 2022, the parties entered into an amendment to the Agreement allowing
the Company to make all payments due under the Agreement via the forgiveness of debt, in equal value, owed by BioLite to the Company.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">This was a related party transaction and was conducted
at arm&#8217;s length. In addition to the Company&#8217;s board of directors approving the modification of terms of the Agreement, the
Company&#8217;s audit committee approved them too. The Board believes it is in the Company&#8217;s best interest to cancel outstanding
debt and apply it to the December 2021 Payment.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Following such approval, the Company and BioLite
entered into an amendment to the Agreement reflecting the modified payment method.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p><div>

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    </div><div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div><div>
    </div><!-- Field: /Page --><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Real Estate Purchase</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="-keep: true">On February 6, 2024, the Company entered into
a definitive agreement with Shuling Jiang (&#8220;Shuling&#8221;), pursuant to which Shuling shall transfer the ownership of certain
land she owns located at Taoyuan City, Taiwan (the &#8220;Shuling Land&#8221;) to the Company (the &#8220;Agreement&#8221;). Shuling
is a director of the Company and owns approximately 15.4% of the Company&#8217;s issued and outstanding shares of common stock. On May
16, 2024, the Company&#8217;s board of directors determined that it was in the best interest of the Company and its shareholders to terminate
the Agreement and not proceed with the transfer of land ownership. The shares originally issued were returned and the warrants were not
issued. The parties are now re-negotiating the terms of the Company&#8217;s purchase of the Shuling Land, but will not enter into a definitive
agreement unless and until shareholder approval of the proposed compensation is obtained.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><span style="text-decoration:underline">Other related party transactions</span></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">Due from related parties:</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-keep: true">(1)</span></p></td>
    <td><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">On June 16, 2022, the Company entered
    into a one-year convertible loan agreement with Rgene, with a principal amount of $1,000,000 and made $500,000 to Rgene which bears
    interest at 5% per annum for the use of working capital that, if fully converted, would result in ABVC owning an additional 6.4%
    of Rgene. The Company may convert the Note at any time into shares of Rgene&#8217;s common stock at either (i) a fixed conversion
    price equal to $1.00 per share or (ii) 20% discount of the stock price of the then most recent offering, whichever is lower; the
    conversion price is subject to adjustment as set forth in the Note. The Note includes standard events of default, as well as a cross-default
    provision pursuant to which a breach of the Service Agreement will trigger an event of default under the convertible note if not
    cured after 5 business days of written notice regarding the breach is provided. The loan was converted to Rgene&#8217;s common stock
    in May 2024 but the Company was not informed until April 2025. Please see detail discussion in Note 7.</span></p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">As of March 31, 2025 and December 31,
    2024, the outstanding loan balance were $0 and $500,000; and accrued interest was $0and $63,819, respectively. Both principal and
    accrued interest were converted to Rgene&#8217;s common stocks.</span></p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">As of March 31, 2025 and December 31,
    2024, the Company has other receivables amounted to $1,867 and $1,892, respectively, from Rgene due to daily operations.</span></p></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-size: 10pt">(2)</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">On December 31, 2023, BioLite Taiwan entered into
    a loan agreement with BioFirst, with a principal amount of NTD 11,072,360 (approximately $337,707), which bears interest at 12% per
    annum for the use of working capital. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company entered into another loan agreement with
    BioFirst, with a principal amount of NTD 11,406,000 (approximately $347,883), which bears interest at 12% per annum for the use of
    working capital. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the outstanding loan balance were NTD 15,458,360 (approximately $465,297)
    and NTD 17,571,076 (approximately $535,918), respectively; accrued interests were$68,971 and $53,422, respectively. The Company has
    received NTD 2,080,000 (approximately $64,896) and $0 repayment during the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.&#160;</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
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    <td style="font-size: 10pt; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-size: 10pt">(3)</span></td>
    <td><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">On July 1, 2020, the Company entered into
    a loan agreement with BioFirst (Australia) for $361,487 to properly record R&amp;D cost and tax refund allocation based on co-development
    contract executed on July 24, 2017. The loan was originally set to be mature on September 30, 2021 with an interest rate of 6.5%
    per annum, but on September 7, 2021, the Company entered into a loan agreement with BioFirst (Australia) for $67,873 to meet its
    new project needs. On July 27, 2021, the Company repaid a loan 249,975 to BioFirst (Australia). On December 1, 2021, the Company
    entered into a loan agreement with BioFirst (Australia) for $250,000 to increase the cost for upcoming projects. The loan will be
    matured on November 30, 2022 with an interest rate of 6.5% per annum. In 2022, the Company entered into several loan agreements with
    BioFirst (Australia) for a total amount of $507,000 to increase the cost for upcoming projects. During the first quarter of 2023,
    the Company entered into several loan agreements with BioFirst (Australia) for a total amount of $88,091 to increase the cost for
    upcoming projects. During the second quarter of 2023, the Company entered into several loan agreements with BioFirst (Australia)
    for a total amount of $25,500 to increase the cost for upcoming projects. All the loans period was twelve months with an interest
    rate of 6.5% per annum. For accounting purpose, the due from and due to related party balances was being net off. As of March 31,
    2025 and December 31, 2024, the outstanding loan balances and allocated research fee were both amounted to $681,185, and accrued
    interest balances were both amounted $158,798.</span></p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">The business conditions of BioFirst (Australia)
    deteriorated and, as a result, the Company recognized expected credit losses of $839,983 for the year ended December 31, 2023. The
    Company stopped accruing interest income recognizing such losses.</span></p></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
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    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">On February 24, 2015, BioLite Taiwan and BioHopeKing
    Corporation (the &#8220;BHK&#8221;) entered into a co-development agreement, (the &#8220;BHK Co-Development Agreement&#8221;, see
    Note 4). The development costs shall be shared 50/50 between BHK and the Company. Under the term of the agreement, BioLite issued
    relevant development cost to BHK. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, due from BHK was both NTD 3,941,299 (approximately$118,633
    and $120,210, respectively). The business conditions of BHK deteriorated and as a result, the Company recognized expected credit
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b style="-keep: true">&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">The Company&#8217;s due from related parties
are subject to certain risks that our collaborative parties, including OncoX and FEYE, would face. Such risks exist in future market
conditions, macro economy, legal and regulatory, results of clinical trials and product developments, and among others. As of March 31,
2025, the Company&#8217;s comprehensive review of these due from related party balances indicates that there are no expected losses except
those being recognized above. This conclusion is based on the business relationships with our related parties and the absence of any
significant indicators of potential default.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b style="-keep: true">&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Due to related parties</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b style="-keep: true">&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">Amount due to related parties consisted of
the following as of the periods indicated:</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
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    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">348,219</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">222,522</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">140,266</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">142,130</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">Lion Art Promotions Inc (4)</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">65,738</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">Directors (5)</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">12,953</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">8,526</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="-keep: true">Total</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">819,384</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">773,045</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="text-align: justify; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-size: 10pt">(1)</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">On April 11, 2024, May 10, 2024, August 15, 2024, and December 24,
    2024, AiBtl received short-term loans from its founding shareholder, AiBtl Holding, for the principal amounts of $40,000, $60,000,
    $33,732, and $214,487, respectively, for the purpose of daily operations. These loans do not bear interest and are payable on demand.&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">(2)</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Since 2019, the Jiangs advanced funds to the Company for working
    capital purpose. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the outstanding balance due to the Jiangs amounted to $222,522 and $274,170,
    respectively. These loans bear no interest and are due on demand.</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="text-align: justify; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-size: 10pt">(3)</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Since 2018, the Company&#8217;s shareholders have advanced funds
    to the Company for working capital purpose. The advances bear interest rate around 12% per annum. As of March 31, 2025 and December
    31, 2024, the outstanding principal and accrued interest was $140,266 and $142,130, respectively. Interest expenses in connection
    with these loans were $4,963 and $5,938 for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="text-align: justify; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-size: 10pt">(4)</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Accrued consulting services fee for the three months ended March
    31, 2025.</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">(5)</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, due to Directors amounted
    to $12,953 and $8,526, respectively, were related to the daily operating expenses since inception in 2023 paid by the Directors of
    AiBtl on behalf of the entity.</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b style="-keep: true">Promoters and Certain Control Persons</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">None of our management or other control persons
were &#8220;promoters&#8221; (within the meaning of Rule 405 under the Securities Act), and none of such persons took the initiative
in the formation of our business or received any of our debt or equity securities or any of the proceeds from the sale of such securities
in exchange for the contribution of property or services, during the last five years.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p><div>

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    </div><div style="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->95<!-- Field: /Sequence --></p></div><div>
    </div><div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div><div>
    </div><!-- Field: /Page --><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><div><a id="s_016"></a></div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>General</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company&#8217;s authorized capital stock consists
of:</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">100,000,000 shares of Common Stock, $0.001 par value per share; and</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">20,000,000 shares of preferred stock, $0.001 par value per share.</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Our Common Stock may be issued for such consideration
as may be fixed from time to time by our board of directors. Our board of directors may issue such shares of our Common Stock in one or
more series, with such voting powers, shall be stated in the resolution or resolutions.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">C<b>ommon Stock</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">As of the date hereof, there are 16,981,593
shares of our Common Stock issued and outstanding. Holders of Common Stock are entitled to cast one vote for each share on all matters
submitted to a vote of stockholders, including the election of directors. The holders of Common Stock are entitled to receive ratably
such dividends, if any, as may be declared by the Board out of funds legally available therefore. Such holders do not have any preemptive
or other rights to subscribe for additional shares. All holders of Common Stock are entitled to share ratably in any assets for distribution
to stockholders upon the liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Company, subject to prior distribution rights of preferred stock
then outstanding. There are no conversions, redemptions or sinking fund provisions applicable to the Common Stock. All outstanding shares
of Common Stock are fully paid and non-assessable.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Preferred Stock</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">As of the date hereof, there is no preferred stock
outstanding. Pursuant to the articles of incorporation of the Company, the Board of Directors is expressly granted the authority to issue
preferred stock up to 20,000,000 shares and prescribe its designations.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The following description of preferred stock and
the description of the terms of any particular series of preferred stock of the Company are not complete. The Company&#8217;s Board of
Directors has the authority, without further action by the stockholders, to issue shares of preferred stock in one or more series and
to fix the rights, preferences, privileges and restrictions granted to or imposed upon the preferred stock. Any or all of these rights
may be greater than the rights of the Company&#8217;s Common Stock. These descriptions are qualified in their entirety by reference to
the Company&#8217;s Articles of Incorporation, as amended, and the certificate of designation relating to each such series.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><i>Conversion Rights</i></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Each share of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock
is initially convertible at any time at the option of the holders into one share of Common Stock and automatically converts into one share
of Common Stock (the &#8220;Conversion Ratio&#8221;) on its four-year anniversary of issuance and without the payment of additional consideration
by the holder thereof.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">No fractional shares shall be issued upon conversion
of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock into Common Stock and no payment. In lieu of delivering fractional shares, we will pay to the
holder, to the extent permitted by law, an amount in cash equal to the current fair market value of such fractional share as determined
in good faith by our Board.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><i>No Maturity, Sinking Fund or Mandatory Redemption</i></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Series A Convertible Preferred Stock has no
maturity date and we are not required to redeem the Series A Convertible Preferred Stock at any time. However, we may choose to convert
all the outstanding shares of the Series A Convertible Preferred Stock into our Common Stock at the same Conversion Ratio at any time,
provided that we have prepaid and distributed all the dividend accrued and to be accrued at the end of the four-year period since issuance
thereof. Accordingly, the Series A Convertible Preferred Stock will remain outstanding until automatically converted to Common Stock on
the four-year anniversary of issuance, unless the holders of the Series A Convertible Preferred Stock or we choose to convert the Series
A Convertible Preferred Stock into the Common Stock. The Series A Convertible Preferred Stock is also not subject to any sinking fund.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p><div>

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    </div><div style="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->96<!-- Field: /Sequence --></p></div><div>
    </div><div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div><div>
    </div><!-- Field: /Page --><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><i>Voting Rights</i></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Holders of shares of the Series A Convertible
Preferred Stock shall have the same voting rights as of the holders of our Common Stock.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Warrants and Options</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">As of the date hereof, we have 258,710 and
1,000,000 options and warrants, respectively of the Company outstanding. We are not registering shares of common stock underlying any
warrants in this S1.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On May 22, 2024, the Company and Lind entered
into a letter agreement (the &#8220;Letter Agreement&#8221;), pursuant to which Lind Global Fund II, LP (&#8220;Lind&#8221;) will exercise,
for cash, 1,000,000 of its pre-existing warrants to purchase shares of Common Stock at a reduced exercise price of $0.75 per share. Lind
will also receive a new warrant to purchase 1,000,000 shares Common Stock, exercisable at any time on or after the date of its issuance
and until the five-year anniversary thereof, at an initial exercise price of $1.00 per share, subject to adjustment (the &#8220;New Lind
Warrant&#8221;). The New Lind Warrant may be exercised on a cashless basis if this registration statement is not available for the resale
of the shares underlying such warrant. The holder of the New Lind Warrant may not exercise the New Lind Warrant if such conversion would
result in such holder holding in excess of in excess of 4.99% (or 9.99% if such holder owns in excess of 4.99%) of the number of shares
of Common Stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to such exercise (the &#8220;Ownership Cap&#8221;).</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Transfer Agent</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The transfer agent and registrar for our Common
Stock is: VStock Transfer, LLC; Address: 18 Lafayette Place, Woodmere, New York 11598; Phone: (212) 828-8436; website: www.VStockTransfer.com</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Anti-Takeover Provisions</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>Nevada Revised Statutes</i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Acquisition of Controlling Interest Statutes</span>.
Nevada&#8217;s &#8220;acquisition of controlling interest&#8221; statutes contain provisions governing the acquisition of a controlling
interest in certain Nevada corporations. These &#8220;control share&#8221; laws provide generally that any person that acquires a &#8220;controlling
interest&#8221; in certain Nevada corporations may be denied certain voting rights, unless a majority of the disinterested stockholders
of the corporation elects to restore such voting rights. These statutes provide that a person acquires a &#8220;controlling interest&#8221;
whenever a person acquires shares of a subject corporation that, but for the application of these provisions of the Nevada Revised Statutes,
would enable that person to exercise (1) one-fifth or more, but less than one-third, (2) one-third or more, but less than a majority or
(3) a majority or more, of all of the voting power of the corporation in the election of directors. Once an acquirer crosses one of these
thresholds, shares which it acquired in the transaction taking it over the threshold and within the 90 days immediately preceding the
date when the acquiring person acquired or offered to acquire a controlling interest become &#8220;control shares&#8221; to which the
voting restrictions described above apply. Our articles of incorporation and bylaws currently contain no provisions relating to these
statutes, and unless our articles of incorporation or bylaws in effect on the tenth day after the acquisition of a controlling interest
were to provide otherwise, these laws would apply to us if we were to (i) have 200 or more stockholders of record (at least 100 of which
have addresses in the State of Nevada appearing on our stock ledger) and (ii) do business in the State of Nevada directly or through an
affiliated corporation. If these laws were to apply to us, they might discourage companies or persons interested in acquiring a significant
interest in or control of the Company, regardless of whether such acquisition may be in the interest of our stockholders.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Combinations with Interested Stockholders Statutes</span>.
Nevada&#8217;s &#8220;combinations with interested stockholders&#8221; statutes prohibit certain business &#8220;combinations&#8221; between
certain Nevada corporations and any person deemed to be an &#8220;interested stockholder&#8221; for two years after such person first
becomes an &#8220;interested stockholder&#8221; unless (i) the corporation&#8217;s board of directors approves the combination (or the
transaction by which such person becomes an &#8220;interested stockholder&#8221;) in advance, or (ii) the combination is approved by the
board of directors and sixty percent of the corporation&#8217;s voting power not beneficially owned by the interested stockholder, its
affiliates and associates. Furthermore, in the absence of prior approval certain restrictions may apply even after such two-year period.
For purposes of these statutes, an &#8220;interested stockholder&#8221; is any person who is (x) the beneficial owner, directly or indirectly,
of ten percent or more of the voting power of the outstanding voting shares of the corporation, or (y) an affiliate or associate of the
corporation and at any time within the two previous years was the beneficial owner, directly or indirectly, of ten percent or more of
the voting power of the then outstanding shares of the corporation. The definition of the term &#8220;combination&#8221; is sufficiently
broad to cover most significant transactions between the corporation and an &#8220;interested stockholder&#8221;. Subject to certain timing
requirements set forth in the statutes, a corporation may elect not to be governed by these statutes. We have not included any such provision
in our articles of incorporation.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The effect of these statutes may be to potentially
discourage parties interested in taking control of the Company from doing so if it cannot obtain the approval of our board of directors.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p><div>

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    </div><div style="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->97<!-- Field: /Sequence --></p></div><div>
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    </div><!-- Field: /Page --><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><div><a id="s_017"></a></div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>SELLING STOCKHOLDERS</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">This prospectus relates to the offering and
sale, from time to time, of up to 1,000,000 shares of Common Stock underlying the New Lind Warrant, held by the stockholders named in
the table below. We are registering the shares to permit the selling stockholders and their pledgees, donees, transferees and other successors-in-interest
that receive their shares from a selling stockholder as a gift, partnership distribution or other non-sale related transfer after the
date of this prospectus to resell the shares when and as they deem appropriate in the manner described in the &#8220;Plan of Distribution.&#8221;
As of May 23, 2025, there were 16,981,593 shares of Common Stock issued and outstanding.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The following table sets forth:</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
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  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
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    <td style="width: 0.25in">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">the number of shares of our Common Stock that the selling stockholders beneficially owned prior to the offering for resale of the shares under this prospectus,</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">the maximum number of shares of our Common Stock that may be offered for resale for the account of the selling stockholders under this prospectus, and</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">the number and percentage of shares of our Common Stock beneficially owned by the selling stockholders after the offering of the shares (assuming all of the offered shares are sold by the selling stockholders).</span></td></tr>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Unless set forth below, the selling stockholders
received their securities in a private transaction with the Company.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Each selling stockholder may offer for sale all
or part of the Shares from time to time. The table below assumes that the selling stockholders will sell all of the Shares offered for
sale. A selling stockholder is under no obligation, however, to sell any Shares pursuant to this prospectus.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><b>Name of selling stockholder</b></span></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
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Common<br/>
Stock<br/>
Beneficially<br/>
Owned Prior<br/>
To offering</b></span></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
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Number of<br/>
Shares of<br/>
Common<br/>
Stock To Be<br/>
Sold</b></span></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
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Shares of<br/>
Common<br/>
Stock<br/>
Owned<br/>
After<br/>
offering (1)</b></span></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
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Ownership<br/>
After<br/>
offering (1)(2)</b></span></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <td style="width: 52%"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Lind Global Fund II LP</span></td>
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    <td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="width: 1%"><span style="font-size: 10pt">(3)</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 10pt">1,000,000</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 10pt">1,203,977</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%">(4)</td>
    <td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 10pt">9.99</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%"><span style="font-size: 10pt">(4)%</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>



</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.35in"><span style="font-size: 10pt">*</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Represents Beneficial Ownership of Less Than One Percent of Our Outstanding Shares.</span></td></tr>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.35in"><span style="font-size: 10pt">(1)</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Since we do not have the ability to control how many, if any, of their shares each of the selling stockholders listed above will sell, we have assumed that the selling stockholders will sell all of the shares offered herein for purposes of determining how many shares they will own after the offering and their percentage of ownership following the offering.</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td><span style="font-size: 10pt">(2)</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td><span style="font-size: 10pt">(3)</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Includes shares of Common Stock issuable
upon the conversion of certain outstanding Notes and upon the exercise of certain outstanding Warrants held by the selling shareholder, all of which can be converted or exercised, respectively within the
next 60 days.</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td><span style="font-size: 10pt">(4)</span></td>
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  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p><div>

</div><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 104; Value: 1 --><div>
    </div><div style="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->98<!-- Field: /Sequence --></p></div><div>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><div><a id="s_018"></a></div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The selling stockholders and any of their respective
pledgees, donees, assignees and other successors-in-interest may, from time to time, sell any or all of their shares of common stock on
any stock exchange, market or trading facility on which the shares are traded or in private transactions. These sales may be at fixed
or negotiated prices. The selling stockholders may use any one or more of the following methods when selling shares:</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">ordinary brokerage transactions and transactions in which the broker-dealer solicits the purchaser;</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">block trades in which the broker-dealer will attempt to sell the shares as agent but may position and resell a portion of the block as principal;</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">facilitate the transaction;</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">purchases by a broker-dealer as principal and resale by the broker-dealer for its account;</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">an exchange distribution in accordance with the rules of the applicable exchange;</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">privately-negotiated transactions;</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">broker-dealers may agree with the selling stockholders to sell a specified number of such shares at a stipulated price per share;</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">through the writing of options on the shares;</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">a combination of any such methods of sale; and</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">any other method permitted pursuant to applicable law.</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The selling stockholders may also sell shares
under Rule 144 of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the &#8220;Securities Act&#8221;), if available, rather than under this prospectus.
The selling stockholders shall have the sole and absolute discretion not to accept any purchase offer or make any sale of shares if it
deems the purchase price to be unsatisfactory at any particular time.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The selling stockholders or their respective pledgees,
donees, transferees or other successors in interest, may also sell the shares directly to market makers acting as principals and/or broker-dealers
acting as agents for themselves or their customers. Such broker-dealers may receive compensation in the form of discounts, concessions
or commissions from the selling stockholders and/or the purchasers of shares for whom such broker-dealers may act as agents or to whom
they sell as principal or both, which compensation as to a particular broker-dealer might be in excess of customary commissions. Market
makers and block purchasers purchasing the shares will do so for their own account and at their own risk. It is possible that a selling
stockholder will attempt to sell shares of common stock in block transactions to market makers or other purchasers at a price per share
which may be below the then existing market price. We cannot assure that all or any of the shares offered in this prospectus will be issued
to, or sold by, the selling stockholders. The selling stockholders and any brokers, dealers or agents, upon effecting the sale of any
of the shares offered in this prospectus, may be deemed to be &#8220;underwriters&#8221; as that term is defined under the Securities
Act, the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations of such acts. In such event, any commissions received by such broker-dealers or agents
and any profit on the resale of the shares purchased by them may be deemed to be underwriting commissions or discounts under the Securities
Act.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We are required to pay all fees and expenses incident
to the registration of the shares, including fees and disbursements of counsel to the selling stockholders, but excluding brokerage commissions
or underwriter discounts.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The selling stockholders, alternatively, may sell
all or any part of the shares offered in this prospectus through an underwriter. The selling stockholders have not entered into any agreement
with a prospective underwriter and there is no assurance that any such agreement will be entered into.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The selling stockholders may pledge their shares
to their brokers under the margin provisions of customer agreements. If a selling stockholder defaults on a margin loan, the broker may,
from time to time, offer and sell the pledged shares. The selling stockholders and any other persons participating in the sale or distribution
of the shares will be subject to applicable provisions of the Exchange Act, and the rules and regulations under such act, including, without
limitation, Regulation M. These provisions may restrict certain activities of, and limit the timing of purchases and sales of any of the
shares by, the selling stockholders or any other such person. In the event that any of the selling stockholders are deemed an affiliated
purchaser or distribution participant within the meaning of Regulation M, then the selling stockholders will not be permitted to engage
in short sales of common stock. Furthermore, under Regulation M, persons engaged in a distribution of securities are prohibited from simultaneously
engaging in market making and certain other activities with respect to such securities for a specified period of time prior to the commencement
of such distributions, subject to specified exceptions or exemptions. In addition, if a short sale is deemed to be a stabilizing activity,
then the selling stockholders will not be permitted to engage in a short sale of our common stock. All of these limitations may affect
the marketability of the shares.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p><div>

</div><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 105; Value: 1 --><div>
    </div><div style="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->99<!-- Field: /Sequence --></p></div><div>
    </div><div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div><div>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">If a selling stockholder notifies us that it has
a material arrangement with a broker-dealer for the resale of the common stock, then we would be required to amend the registration statement
of which this prospectus is a part, and file a prospectus supplement to describe the agreements between the selling stockholder and the
broker-dealer.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In compliance with the guidelines of the Financial
Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc., or FINRA, the maximum consideration or discount to be received by any member of the FINRA may not
exceed 8% of the aggregate amount of the securities offered pursuant to this prospectus.</p><div>


</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><div><a id="s_019"></a></div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>MARKET FOR OUR COMMON STOCK, DIVIDENDS AND</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>RELATED STOCKHOLDER INFORMATION</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Market Information</b>. Our common stock, par
value $0.001 per share (the &#8220;Common Stock&#8221;), is currently quoted on the Nasdaq Capital Markets under the symbol &#8220;ABVC&#8221;.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b style="-keep: true">Holders. </b><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal">As
of May 23, 2025, we had approximately 656 shareholders of record of our common stock.</span></p><div>



</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Dividends</b>. Holders of our common stock
are entitled to receive such dividends as may be declared by our board of directors. No dividends on our common stock have ever been paid,
and we do not anticipate that dividends will be paid on our common stock in the foreseeable future.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Securities Authorized for Issuance under Equity
Compensation Plans</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">The following table discloses information
as of the year ended December 31, 2024, with respect to compensation plans (including individual compensation arrangements) under
which our equity securities are authorized for issuance, aggregated as follows:</span></p><div>



</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>Equity Compensation Plan Information</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
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    <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Number of <br/> securities <br/> to be issued <br/> upon<br/> exercise of<br/> outstanding <br/> options, <br/> warrants<br/> and rights</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">-</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 106; Value: 1 --><div>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><div><a id="s_020"></a></div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>LEGAL MATTERS</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The validity of the securities being offered by
this prospectus been passed upon for us by Hunter Taubman Fischer &amp; Li LLC.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><div><a id="s_021"></a></div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>EXPERTS</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">The consolidated financial statements of ABVC
BioPharma, Inc. as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 included elsewhere in this prospectus have been audited by Simon &amp; Edward, LLP,
independent registered public accounting firm, as set forth in their report appearing elsewhere herein, and are included in reliance
upon such report given on the authority of such firm as experts in accounting and auditing. The financial statements as of March 31,
2025 included in this prospectus are not audited.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><div><a id="s_022"></a></div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We are a reporting company and file annual, quarterly
and special reports, and other information with the SEC. Copies of the reports and other information may be read and copied at the SEC&#8217;s
Public Reference Room at 100 F Street N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549. You can request copies of such documents by writing to the SEC and
paying a fee for the copying cost. You may obtain information on the operation of the Public Reference Room by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330.
The SEC maintains a web site at http://www.sec.gov that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information regarding
registrants that file electronically with the SEC.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">This prospectus is part of a registration statement
on Form S-1 that we filed with the SEC. Certain information in the registration statement has been omitted from this prospectus in accordance
with the rules and regulations of the SEC. We have also filed exhibits and schedules with the registration statement that are excluded
from this prospectus. For further information you may:</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">read a copy of the registration statement, including the exhibits and schedules, without charge at the SEC&#8217;s Public Reference Room; or</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">obtain a copy from the SEC upon payment of the fees prescribed by the SEC.</span></td></tr>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We file periodic reports, proxy statements, and
other information with the SEC. These periodic reports, proxy statements, and other information will be available for inspection and copying
at the SEC&#8217;s public reference facilities and the website of the SEC referred to above. After the closing of this offering, you may
access our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to those reports filed
or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act with the SEC free of charge as soon as reasonably practicable after
such material is electronically filed with, or furnished to, the SEC. The information contained in, or that can be accessed through, our
website is not incorporated by reference into this prospectus.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>DISCLOSURE OF COMMISSION POSITION ON INDEMNIFICATION
FOR SECURITIES ACT LIABILITIES</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising
under the Securities Act of 1933 may be permitted to our directors, officers and controlling persons pursuant to the foregoing provisions,
or otherwise, we have been advised that in the opinion of the SEC such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities
Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by
us of expenses incurred or paid by one of our directors, officers or controlling persons in the successful defense of any action, suit
or proceeding) is asserted by that director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, we will,
unless in the opinion of our counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction
the question whether that indemnification by us is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and will be governed by the
final adjudication of that issue.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b>Financial Statements and Supplementary Data&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">Our Consolidated Financial Statements and
Notes thereto and the report of Simon &amp; Edward, LLP, our independent registered public accounting firm, are set forth on pages F-2
through F-75 of this Report.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="padding-left: 9.25pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -9pt; width: 86%"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><a href="#f_001">REPORT
    OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM (PCAOB ID 2485)</a></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; ">
    <td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="padding-left: 9.25pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -9pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: top; ">
    <td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="padding-left: 9.25pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -9pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: top; ">
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    <td style="padding-left: 9.25pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -9pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p><div>


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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 60%"><img alt="" src="fin_001.jpg"/><p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"></p>
                       <p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"></p></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: justify; width: 40%"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b style="-keep: true">17506
                                            Colima Road, Ste 101,</b></p>
                                                                                                        <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b style="-keep: true">Rowland
                                            Heights, CA 91748</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b style="-keep: true">Tel: +1 (626) 581-0818</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b style="-keep: true">Fax: +1 (626) 581-0809</b></p></td>
</tr></table><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><div><a id="f_001"></a></div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b style="-keep: true">REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC
ACCOUNTING FIRM</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">Shareholders and Board of Directors</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">ABVC BioPharma, Inc.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="-keep: true">Fremont, CA</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><b style="-keep: true">Opinion on the Consolidated
Financial Statements</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="-keep: true">We have audited the accompanying
consolidated balance sheets of ABVC BioPharma, Inc. and subsidiaries (the &#8220;Company&#8221;) as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the
related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss, stockholders&#8217; equity (deficit), and cash flows for each of
the years then ended, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the &#8220;consolidated financial statements&#8221;). In our
opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company at December
31, 2024 and 2023, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the years then ended<b>,</b> in conformity with accounting
principles generally accepted in the United States of America.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; "><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; "><b style="-keep: true">Substantial Doubt
About the Company&#8217;s Ability to Continue as a Going Concern</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; "><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; "><span style="-keep: true">The accompanying
consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. As described in Note
2 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company incurred substantial losses during the year ended December 31, 2024. As of December
31, 2024, the Company had a working capital deficit and net cash outflows from operating activities. These conditions raise substantial
doubt about the Company&#8217;s ability to continue as a going concern. Management&#8217;s plans in regard to these matters are also
described in Note 2. The consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this
uncertainty. Our opinion is not modified with respect to this matter.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><b style="-keep: true">Basis for Opinion</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="-keep: true">These consolidated financial
statements are the responsibility of the Company&#8217;s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company&#8217;s
consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting
Oversight Board (United States) (&#8220;PCAOB&#8221;) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with
the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">We conducted our audits in accordance with
the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the
consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have,
nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits we are required to obtain
an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of
the Company&#8217;s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&#160;</span></span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p><div>

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    </div><div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div><div>
    </div><!-- Field: /Page --><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">Our audits included performing procedures
to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing
procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures
in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates
made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audits
provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><b style="-keep: true">Critical Audit Matters
</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">The critical audit matters communicated below
are matters arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements that were communicated or required to be communicated
to the audit committee and that: (1) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements and
(2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of the critical audit matters does not alter
in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit
matters below, providing separate opinions on the critical audit matters or on the accounts or disclosures to which they relate.</span></p><div>


</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b style="-keep: true">Prepayment for asset acquisition</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">As described in Notes 5 of the consolidated
financial statements, the Company entered into a cooperation agreement on August 14, 2023, under which it is expected to acquire ownership
of certain properties and a parcel of land in Chengdu, China, by issuing 370,000 shares of common stock.</span></p><div>


</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">We identified the accounting for the initial
recognition of the prepayment as a critical audit matter due to the Company&#8217;s use of its own common stock as consideration, coupled
with the fact that the target assets were still under construction. This led to a high degree of auditor judgment, subjectivity and significant
audit effort was required in performing procedures to evaluate management&#8217;s determination of the cost and timing of control obtained.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">The primary procedures we performed to address
this critical audit matter included:</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border-spacing: 0px;"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Wingdings">&#216;</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Obtained
                                            and reviewed the cooperation agreement and other related legal documents, to evaluate the
                                            terms and conditions.</span></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
                                                                                         </table><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border-spacing: 0px;"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Wingdings">&#216;</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Inquired
                                            with the management regarding the arrangement outlined in the agreement</span></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
                                          </table><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border-spacing: 0px;"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Wingdings">&#216;</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Inspected
                                            the real property ownership certificate issued by the PRC authorities.</span></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
                                               </table><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border-spacing: 0px;"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Wingdings">&#216;</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Inspected
                                            the appraisal report of the real property under construction. </span></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
                                     </table><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border-spacing: 0px;"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Wingdings">&#216;</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Tested
                                            the issuance of common stock through transfer agent confirmation procedure.</span></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
                                              </table><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border-spacing: 0px;"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Wingdings">&#216;</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Examined
                                            the fair value applied in determining the cost of the acquired asset.</span></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
                                                </table><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border-spacing: 0px;"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Wingdings">&#216;</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Verified
                                            the recognition of the asset by recalculating the cost to ensure accuracy.</span></td></tr></table><div>




</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p><div>

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    </div><div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div><div>
    </div><!-- Field: /Page --><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b style="-keep: true">Issuance and Conversion of Senior Convertible Promissory Note
(the &#8220;Notes&#8221;)</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">As outlined in Note 7 to the consolidated
financial statements, during the reporting period, the Company issued multiple convertible notes with detachable warrants. These financial
instruments involved complex terms related to conversion features, fair value allocation, and classification between liabilities and
equity under applicable accounting standards.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">We identified the issuance and subsequent
conversion of these notes as a critical audit matter due to the complexity of the financial instruments and the significant auditor judgment
required. Auditing these matters involved extensive procedures and effort to evaluate management&#8217;s accounting conclusions and application
of the relevant guidance.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">The primary procedures we performed to address
this critical audit matter included:</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border-spacing: 0px;"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Wingdings">&#216;</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Obtained
                                            and reviewed the agreements for the convertible notes and detachable warrants to understand
                                            the key terms.</span></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
                                                                                       </table><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border-spacing: 0px;"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Wingdings">&#216;</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Evaluated
                                            management&#8217;s analysis of the classification and measurement of the convertible notes
                                            and warrants.</span></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
                                                                                      </table><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border-spacing: 0px;"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Wingdings">&#216;</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Tested
                                            the fair value measurements used in allocating proceeds and assessing conversion features.
                                            </span></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
                                                             </table><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border-spacing: 0px;"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Wingdings">&#216;</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Verified
                                            the initial recognition of the Notes by reviewing the amortization schedules, testing the
                                            inputs, and independently recalculating the schedules for accuracy.</span></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
                                                                                                                                         </table><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border-spacing: 0px;"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Wingdings">&#216;</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Assessed
                                            the accuracy and completeness of subsequent accounting entries, including verification of
                                            principal repayments and conversions to equity.</span></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
                                                                                                              </table><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border-spacing: 0px;"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Wingdings">&#216;</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Confirmed
                                            the ending balances through direct confirmations obtained from the creditors.</span></td></tr></table><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">/s/ Simon &amp; Edward, LLP</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">We have served as the Company&#8217;s auditor since
2024.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">PCAOB ID: 2485</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">Rowland Heights, California</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-keep: true">April 15, 2025</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p><div>

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    </div><div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div><div>
    </div><!-- Field: /Page --><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><div><a id="f_002"></a></div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b style="-keep: true">ABVC BIOPHARMA, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b style="-keep: true">CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
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    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c1" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45348">511,088</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">Operating lease right-of-use assets</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c1" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45350">640,387</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">Long-term investments</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c1" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:LongTermInvestments" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45352">2,258,754</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c1" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:PrepaymentForLongtermInvestmentsNoncurrent" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45354">1,124,842</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">Prepayment for asset acquisition</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c1" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:OtherAssetsNoncurrent" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45358">133,121</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-3"><span style="-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c4" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:OtherReceivableAfterAllowanceForCreditLossNoncurrent" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45360">113,516</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 4pt; padding-left: 0.25in"><span style="-keep: true">Total Assets</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">LIABILITIES AND EQUITY</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">Current Liabilities</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-5"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></div></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td><span style="-keep: true">Equity</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-7"><span style="-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 0.125in"><span style="-keep: true">Stock to be issued</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c1" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:StockSubscriptionReceivedInAdvance" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45398">31,040</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-12"><span style="-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
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    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c2" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:AdditionalPaidInCapital" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45400">73,978,380</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 0.125in"><span style="-keep: true">Accumulated deficit</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">(<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c1" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit" scale="0" sign="-" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45401">68,949,807</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">)</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">(<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c2" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit" scale="0" sign="-" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45402">64,046,929</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 0.125in"><span style="-keep: true">Accumulated other comprehensive income</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c1" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45403">445,665</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c2" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45404">516,387</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="-keep: true">Total Liabilities and Equity</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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  </table><div>




</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>





</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(1)</span></td> <td style="text-align: justify"><ix:footnote id="ix_0_footnote" xml:lang="en-US"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Prior period results have been adjusted to reflect the 1-for-10 reverse stock split effected on July 25, 2023.</span></ix:footnote></td></tr> </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><i style="-keep: true">The accompanying notes are an integral part
of these consolidated financial statements.</i></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0.25in; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p><div>

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    </div><div style="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">F-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->5<!-- Field: /Sequence --></p></div><div>
    </div><div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div><div>
    </div><!-- Field: /Page --><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><div><a id="f_003"></a></div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b style="-keep: true">ABVC BIOPHARMA, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b style="-keep: true">CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND
COMPREHENSIVE LOSS</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><b style="-keep: true">FOR THE YEARS ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 2024 AND 2023</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">2024</span></td><td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 76%; font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">Revenue</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c7" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:Revenues" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45415">509,589</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">Cost of revenue</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c7" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:CostOfRevenue" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45417">763</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c8" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:CostOfRevenue" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45418">302,037</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">Gross profit (loss)</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">Operating expenses</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="padding-left: 0.125in; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">Selling, general and administrative expenses</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c7" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45421">2,261,336</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="padding-left: 0.125in; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">Stock-based compensation</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">Other income (expense)</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 0.125in; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">Interest expense</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="padding-left: 0.125in; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">Operating sublease income</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c7" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:SubleaseIncome" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45435">48,478</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 0.125in; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">Gain (loss) on foreign exchange changes</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">(<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c7" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossBeforeTax" scale="0" sign="-" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45437">25,135</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">)</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="padding-left: 0.125in; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">Loss on investment in equity securities</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 0.125in; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">Write off unclaimed accrued liabilities</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c7" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:WriteOffUnclaimedAccruedLiabilites" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45441">255,592</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="padding-left: 0.125in; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">Other income, net</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c7" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:OtherNonoperatingIncomeExpense" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45442">134,443</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c8" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:OtherNonoperatingIncomeExpense" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45443">3,384</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 0.25in; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">Total other income (expenses)</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">Loss before provision for income tax</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">(<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c7" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest" scale="0" sign="-" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45446">5,369,576</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">)</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">Provision for income tax expense</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">(<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c7" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" scale="0" sign="-" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45448">110,539</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">)</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c8" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45449">256,006</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">Net loss</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">(<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c7" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:ProfitLoss" scale="0" sign="-" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45450">5,259,037</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">)</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">(<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c7" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:NetIncomeLossAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest" scale="0" sign="-" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45452">356,159</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">)</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">(<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c8" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:NetIncomeLossAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest" scale="0" sign="-" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45453">492,794</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">Net loss attributed to ABVC and subsidiaries</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">(<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c7" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss" scale="0" sign="-" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45454">4,902,878</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">)</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">(<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c8" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss" scale="0" sign="-" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45455">7,788,050</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">Foreign currency translation adjustment</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">(<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c7" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTax" scale="0" sign="-" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45456">70,722</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">)</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">(<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c8" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTax" scale="0" sign="-" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45457">741</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="-keep: true">Comprehensive loss</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">(<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c7" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax" scale="0" sign="-" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45458">4,973,600</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">)</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
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    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td><span style="-keep: true">Weighted average number of common shares outstanding (1):</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">Basic and diluted</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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  </table><div>


</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>





</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(1)</span></td> <td style="text-align: justify"><ix:footnote id="ix_1_footnote" xml:lang="en-US"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Prior period results have been adjusted to reflect the 1-for-10 reverse stock split effected on July 25, 2023.</span></ix:footnote></td></tr> </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><i style="-keep: true">The accompanying notes are an integral part
of these consolidated financial statements.</i></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p><div>

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    </div><div style="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">F-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->6<!-- Field: /Sequence --></p></div><div>
    </div><div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div><div>
    </div><!-- Field: /Page --><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><div><a id="f_004"></a></div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b style="-keep: true">ABVC BIOPHARMA, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b style="-keep: true">CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b style="-keep: true">FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2024 AND
2023</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">2024</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">2023<br/> (Restated)</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">Cash flows from operating activities</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 76%; text-align: left; padding-left: 9pt"><span style="-keep: true">Net loss</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">(<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c7" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:ProfitLoss" scale="0" sign="-" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45468">5,259,037</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">)</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">(<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c8" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:ProfitLoss" scale="0" sign="-" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45469">8,280,844</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 9pt"><span style="-keep: true">Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 0.25in"><span style="-keep: true">Depreciation</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c7" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:Depreciation" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45470">32,025</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c8" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:Depreciation" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45471">28,531</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 0.25in"><span style="-keep: true">Stock-based compensation</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c7" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensation" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45472">2,773,460</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c8" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensation" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45473">185,933</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 0.25in"><span style="-keep: true">Provision for doubtful accounts</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c7" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:ProvisionForDoubtfulAccounts" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45474">11,993</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c8" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:ProvisionForDoubtfulAccounts" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45475">1,455,101</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 0.25in"><span style="-keep: true">Other non-cash expenses, net</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c7" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:OtherNoncashIncomeExpense" scale="0" sign="-" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45476">532,769</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c8" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:OtherNoncashIncomeExpense" scale="0" sign="-" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45477">1,244,245</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 0.25in"><span style="-keep: true">Loss on investment in equity securities</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c7" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:GainLossOnInvestments" scale="0" sign="-" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45478">339,171</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c8" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:GainLossOnInvestments" scale="0" sign="-" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45479">221,888</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 0.25in"><span style="-keep: true">Amortization of right-of-use asset</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c7" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAssetAmortizationExpense" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45480">168,896</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c8" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAssetAmortizationExpense" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45481">351,859</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 0.25in"><span style="-keep: true">Deferred tax expense</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-26"><span style="-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c8" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:DeferredIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45482">115,668</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 0.25in"><span style="-keep: true">Changes in operating assets and liabilities:</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 27pt"><span style="-keep: true">Accounts receivable</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-27"><span style="-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c8" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsReceivable" scale="0" sign="-" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45483">228,557</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 27pt"><span style="-keep: true">Prepaid expenses and other current assets</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c7" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInPrepaidExpensesOther" scale="0" sign="-" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45484">12,948</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c8" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInPrepaidExpensesOther" scale="0" sign="-" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45485">101,926</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 27pt"><span style="-keep: true">Due from related parties</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">(<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c7" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInDueFromRelatedParties" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45486">293,962</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">)</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">(<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c8" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInDueFromRelatedParties" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45487">321,776</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 27pt"><span style="-keep: true">Accrued expenses and other current liabilities</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 27pt"><span style="-keep: true">Contract liabilities</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 27pt"><span style="-keep: true">Tenant security deposit</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-28"><span style="-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 27pt"><span style="-keep: true">Taxes payables</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">(<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c7" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInAccruedIncomeTaxesPayable" scale="0" sign="-" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45493">112,946</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">)</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; padding-left: 27pt"><span style="-keep: true">Operating lease liabilities</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">(<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c7" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingLeaseLiability" scale="0" sign="-" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45495">168,896</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">)</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">(<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c8" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingLeaseLiability" scale="0" sign="-" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45496">351,859</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; padding-left: 0.5in"><span style="-keep: true">Net cash used in operating activities</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">(<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c7" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities" scale="0" sign="-" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45497">1,809,145</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">)</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">(<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c8" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities" scale="0" sign="-" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45498">4,186,848</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">Cash flows from investing activities</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="padding-left: 9pt"><span style="-keep: true">Purchase of equipment</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-29"><span style="-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">(<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c8" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45499">21,201</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; padding-left: 9pt"><span style="-keep: true">Prepayment for equity investment</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-30"><span style="-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">(<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c8" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquireLongtermInvestments" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45500">338,985</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; padding-left: 27pt"><span style="-keep: true">Net cash used in investing activities</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-31"><span style="-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">(<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c8" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities" scale="0" sign="-" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45501">360,186</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">Cash flows from financing activities</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 9pt"><span style="-keep: true">Issuance of common stock</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-32"><span style="-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c8" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:ProceedsFromIssuanceOfCommonStock" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45502">1,050,000</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 9pt"><span style="-keep: true">Repayment of short-term bank loans</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">(<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c7" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:RepaymentsOfShortTermDebt" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45503">29,152</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">)</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">(<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c8" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:RepaymentsOfShortTermDebt" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45504">1,000,000</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 9pt"><span style="-keep: true">Proceeds from issuance of warrants</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c7" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:ProceedsFromIssuanceOfWarrants" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45505">394,071</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c8" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:ProceedsFromIssuanceOfWarrants" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45506">2,406,338</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="padding-left: 9pt"><span style="-keep: true">Proceeds from exercise of warrants</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c7" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:ProceedsFromWarrantExercises" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45507">947,500</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-33"><span style="-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 9pt"><span style="-keep: true">Proceeds from (repayment of) related party payables</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c7" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:ProceedsFromRepaymentsOfRelatedPartyDebt" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45508">599,552</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">(<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c8" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:ProceedsFromRepaymentsOfRelatedPartyDebt" scale="0" sign="-" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45509">186,499</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 9pt"><span style="-keep: true">Proceeds from convertible notes payable</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c7" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:ProceedsFromConvertibleDebt" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45510">342,095</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c8" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:ProceedsFromConvertibleDebt" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45511">1,462,622</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 9pt"><span style="-keep: true">Repayment of convertible notes payable</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">(<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c7" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:RepaymentsOfConvertibleDebt" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45512">327,017</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">)</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-34"><span style="-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 9pt"><span style="-keep: true">Repurchase of treasury stocks</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">(<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c7" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:RepurchaseOfTreasuryStocks" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45513">7,320</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">)</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-35"><span style="-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 9pt"><span style="-keep: true">Proceeds from issuance of a promissory note</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c7" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:ProceedsFromIssuanceOfAPromissoryNote" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45514">30,000</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-36"><span style="-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 9pt"><span style="-keep: true">Proceeds from common stock subscription</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c7" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:ProceedsFromStockPlans" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45515">31,040</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-37"><span style="-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
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    <td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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    <td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 9pt"><span style="-keep: true">Issuance of subsidiary&#8217;s common stock for consulting services</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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  </table><div>



</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>





</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><i style="-keep: true">The accompanying notes are an integral part
of these consolidated financial statements.</i></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p><div>

</div><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 114; Value: 1 --><div>
    </div><div style="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">F-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->7<!-- Field: /Sequence --></p></div><div>
    </div><div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div><div>
    </div><!-- Field: /Page --><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><div><a id="f_005"></a></div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b style="-keep: true">ABVC BIOPHARMA, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b style="-keep: true">CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS&#8217;
EQUITY </b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b style="-keep: true">FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2024 AND
2023 (Restated)</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in; text-align: center"><b style="-keep: true">&#160;</b></td><td style="font: bold 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><b style="-keep: true">&#160;</b></td>
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</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(1)</span></td> <td style="text-align: justify"><ix:footnote id="ix_2_footnote" xml:lang="en-US"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Prior period results have been adjusted to reflect the 1-for-10 reverse stock split effected on July 25, 2023.</span></ix:footnote></td></tr> </table><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><i style="-keep: true">The accompanying notes are an integral part
of these consolidated financial statements.</i></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><i style="-keep: true">&#160;</i></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><div><a id="f_006"></a></div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b style="-keep: true">ABVC BIOPHARMA, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b style="-keep: true">NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b style="-keep: true">&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c7" escape="true" name="us-gaap:BusinessDescriptionAndBasisOfPresentationTextBlock" id="ixv-22672"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b style="-keep: true">1. ORGANIZATION AND DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b style="-keep: true">&#160;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">ABVC BioPharma, Inc. (the &#8220;Company&#8221;),
formerly known as American BriVision (Holding) Corporation, a Nevada corporation, through the Company&#8217;s operating entity, American
BriVision Corporation (&#8220;BriVision&#8221;), which was incorporated in July 2015 in the State of Delaware, engages in biotechnology
to fulfill unmet medical needs and focuses on the development of new drugs and medical devices derived from plants. BriVision develops
its pipeline by carefully tracking new medical discoveries or medical device technologies in research institutions in the Asia-Pacific
region. Pre-clinical, disease animal model and Phase I safety studies are examined closely by the Company to identify drugs that BriVision
believes demonstrate efficacy and safety. Once a drug appears to be a good candidate for development and ultimately commercialization,
BriVision licenses the drug or medical device from the original researchers and begins to introduce the drugs clinical plan to highly
respected principal investigators in the United States, Australia and Taiwan to conduct a Phase II clinical trial. At present, clinical
trials for the Company&#8217;s drugs and medical devices are being conducted at such world-famous institutions including Stanford University,
University of California San Fransisco (UCSF) and Cedar Sinai Medical Centre (CSMC).</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">The Company has four wholly-owned subsidiaries,
BriVision, BioLite Holding Inc. (&#8220;BioLite Holding&#8221;), BioKey Inc. (&#8220;BioKey&#8221;), BioKey (Cayman), Inc (&#8220;BioKey
Cayman&#8221;), and a majority-owned subsidiary, AiBtl BioPharma Inc. (&#8220;AiBtl&#8221;).</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">BioLite Holding was incorporated in the State
of Nevada with wholly owned subsidiary BioLite BVI, Inc. (&#8220;BioLite BVI&#8221;) that was incorporated in the British Virgin Islands.
BioLite BVI holds <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c87" decimals="2" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage" scale="-2" unitRef="pure" id="ixv-45637">73</ix:nonFraction>% ownership of BioLite Inc. (&#8220;BioLite Taiwan&#8221;), a Taiwanese corporation that was founded in February
2006. BioLite Taiwan has been in the business of developing new drugs since it was incorporated.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">Yunzhiyi, a Taiwanese corporation, was incorporated
in August 2024, with <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c88" decimals="2" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage" scale="-2" unitRef="pure" id="ixv-45638">90</ix:nonFraction>% owned by BioLite Taiwan and <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c89" decimals="2" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage" scale="-2" unitRef="pure" id="ixv-45639">10</ix:nonFraction>% owned by Shuling Jiang, the Company&#8217;s director. This entity is set up
for holding the land that AiBtl acquired in Taiwan for developing health related business in Taiwan.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">Incorporated in California on November 20,
2000, BioKey has chosen to initially focus on developing generic drugs to ride the opportunity of the booming industry.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">BioKey Cayman was incorporated in Cayman Islands
in July 2023, which is <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c90" decimals="2" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:MinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent" scale="-2" unitRef="pure" id="ixv-45640">100</ix:nonFraction>% owned by ABVC. This subsidiary has no activities since inception.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Acquisition of AiBtl BioPharma Inc.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">On November 12, 2023, the Company and BioLite
Taiwan each entered into a multi-year, global licensing agreement with AiBtl for the Company and BioLite Taiwan&#8217;s CNS drugs with
the indications of MDD (Major Depressive Disorder) and ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) (collectively, the &#8220;Licensed
Products&#8221;). The potential license will cover the Licensed Products&#8217; clinical trial, registration, manufacturing, supply,
and distribution rights. The parties are determined to collaborate on the global development of the Licensed Products. The parties are
also working to strengthen new drug development and business collaboration, including technology, interoperability, and standards development.
As per each of the respective agreements, each of ABVC and BioLite Taiwan received <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c91" decimals="-6" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesOther" scale="6" unitRef="shares" id="ixv-45641">23</ix:nonFraction> million shares of AiBtl stock and as a result,
the Company has a controlling interest over AiBtl. If certain milestones are met, the Company and BioLite Taiwan are each eligible to
receive $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c1" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:BenefitsReceivableForMilestoneAttained" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45642">3,500,000</ix:nonFraction> and royalties equaling <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c7" decimals="2" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:PercentageOfRoyaltiesEqualing" scale="-2" unitRef="pure" id="ixv-45643">5</ix:nonFraction>% of net sales, up to $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c7" decimals="-6" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:AcquisitionForNetSales" scale="6" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45644">100</ix:nonFraction> million. The financial statements of AiBtl are included in the
Company&#8217;s consolidated financial statements.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">The Company concluded the assets acquired
and liabilities assumed did not meet the definition of a business as a limited number of inputs were acquired but no substantive business
processes or signs of output were acquired. As such, the acquisition was accounted for as an asset purchase. The purchase consideration
was nonmonetary assets (patent) and transfer on November 12, 2023. The equity interest transferred to ABVC and BioLite Taiwan on December
15, 2023.</span></p></ix:nonNumeric><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 40.2pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p><div>

</div><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 116; Value: 1 --><div>
    </div><div style="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">F-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->9<!-- Field: /Sequence --></p></div><div>
    </div><div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div><div>
    </div><!-- Field: /Page --><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c7" continuedAt="abvc_LiquidityGoingConcernAndRestatementTextBlock-c7_cont_1" escape="true" name="abvc:LiquidityGoingConcernAndRestatementTextBlock" id="ixv-22728"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b style="-keep: true">2. LIQUIDITY, GOING CONCERN, AND RESTATEMENT</b></p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b style="-keep: true"><i>Liquidity and Going Concern</i></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">The accompanying financial statements have
been prepared in conformity with the generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (the &#8220;U.S. GAAP&#8221;)
which contemplates continuation of the Company on a going concern basis. The going concern basis assumes that assets are realized, and
liabilities are settled in the ordinary course of business at amounts disclosed in the financial statements. The Company&#8217;s ability
to continue as a going concern depends upon its ability to market and sell its products to generate positive operating cash flows. For
the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company reported net loss of $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c7" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:NetIncomeLossAvailableToCommonStockholdersBasic" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45645">5,259,037</ix:nonFraction>. As of December 31, 2024, the Company&#8217;s working capital
deficit was $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c7" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:WorkingCapitalDeficit" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45646">4,377,646</ix:nonFraction>.&#160; In addition, the Company had net cash outflows of $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c7" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities" scale="0" sign="-" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45647">1,809,145</ix:nonFraction>&#160;from operating activities for the year
ended December 31, 2024. These conditions give rise to substantial doubt as to whether the Company will be able to continue as a going
concern.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">To sustain its ability to support the Company&#8217;s
operating activities, the Company may have to consider supplementing its available sources of funds through the following sources:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">cash generated from
    operations;</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 24px; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 24px; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">other
    available sources of financing from banks and other financial institutions in the U.S. and in Taiwan; and</span></td></tr>
  </table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">financial support from the Company&#8217;s related parties and shareholders.</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">Management&#8217;s plan is to continue to
improve operations to generate positive cash flows and raise additional capital through private or public offerings, or financial support
from related parties or shareholders. If the Company is not able to generate positive operating cash flows, and raise additional capital,
there is the risk that the Company may not be able to meet its short-term obligations. All of these factors raise substantial doubt about
the ability of the Company to continue as a going concern. The consolidated financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2024
and 2023 have been prepared on a going concern basis and do not include any adjustments to reflect the possible future effects on the
recoverability and classifications of assets or the amounts and classifications of liabilities that may result from the inability of
the Company to continue as a going concern.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b style="-keep: true">&#160;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b style="-keep: true"><i>Restatement Background and Explanation</i></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 6.4pt 0pt 8pt; text-align: justify"><b style="-keep: true"><i>&#160;</i></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">The Company has restated its financial statements
as of and for the year ended December 31, 2023, to correct misstatements in those prior periods related to improperly applying accounting
guidance on the share-based payments, incorrectly recognizing interest expenses upon the conversion of convertible debts, and misidentifying
the existence of non-controlling interest of our subsidiary.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 6.4pt 0pt 8pt; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">As disclosed in Note 5, the Company entered
into a cooperation agreement on August 14, 2023 with Zhong Hui Lian He Ji Tuan, Ltd. (the &#8220;Zhonghui&#8221;) to acquire <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c92" decimals="2" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:MinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent" scale="-2" unitRef="pure" id="ixv-45648">20</ix:nonFraction>% of the
ownership of certain property and a parcel of the land. According to the agreement, the Company issued <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c93" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesIssuanceOfCommonSharesForAcquisitionOfProperty" scale="0" unitRef="shares" id="ixv-45649">370,000</ix:nonFraction> shares of its common stock
as the consideration, and used $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c94" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:SharesIssuedPricePerShare" scale="0" unitRef="usdPershares" id="ixv-45650">20</ix:nonFraction> dollar per share to recognize the right as construction in progress on the balance sheet.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 6.4pt 0pt 8pt; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">At the time of preparing its 2024 financial
statements, the Company reviewed the entire transaction, its relevant agreements and documentation, as well as the applicable accounting
guidance. The Company applied FASB Accounting Standard Codification (&#8220;ASC&#8221;) 845 Nonmonetary Transactions to determine the
fair value of the asset acquired would be more evident than the fair value of the consideration in exchange, the Company&#8217;s restricted
common stocks. The real estates acquired comes with a third-party valuation of $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c95" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:RealEstateOwnedValuationAllowance" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45651">7,400,000</ix:nonFraction> per the Company&#8217;s stake, which the value
of the acquired assets is guaranteed by Zhonghui. Upon further review, the Company considered ASC 718 Compensation &#8211; Stock Compensation,
should have been the appropriate guidance to apply given the Company&#8217;s common stocks are listed in Nasdaq with more observable
fair value (Level 1). Furthermore, at the time of issuance of these financial statements, no real estate title was transferred to the
Company. As a result, the Company adjusted the carrying value of the asset and reclassified the balance to &#8220;Prepayment for asset
acquisition&#8221; account to reflect the value of <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c7" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesAcquisitions" scale="0" unitRef="shares" id="ixv-45652">370,000</ix:nonFraction> shares issued at $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c1" decimals="2" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:SharesIssuedPricePerShare" scale="0" unitRef="usdPershares" id="ixv-45653">1.87</ix:nonFraction>, the closing price as of the contract date. The Company
also corrected the share price used to recognize stock compensation expense from $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c96" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:SharesIssuedPricePerShare" scale="0" unitRef="usdPershares" id="ixv-45654">20</ix:nonFraction> to $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c97" decimals="2" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:SharesIssuedPricePerShare" scale="0" unitRef="usdPershares" id="ixv-45655">1.87</ix:nonFraction> for the <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c1" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAuthorized" scale="0" unitRef="shares" id="ixv-45656">29,600</ix:nonFraction> shares of common stock issued
on the same day to several consultants. As a result, these adjustments reduced $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c98" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:Assets" scale="0" sign="-" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45657">6,708,100</ix:nonFraction> for asset recognized and $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c28" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpenseNetOfTax" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45658">536,648</ix:nonFraction> for stock-compensation
expense incurred in 2023.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">In February 2023, the Company issued a convertible
note to LIND Global Fund II, LP (Note 7). Due to misapplication of ASC 470-20 instead of ASC 815-40, the Company overstated interest
expenses $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c28" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:InterestExpenseOther" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45659">1,179,669</ix:nonFraction> for the year ended December 31, 2023. The overstatement is offsetting against additional paid-in capital due to the
convertible note being converted to the Company&#8217;s own common stocks instead of being repaid or disposition.</span></p></ix:nonNumeric><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 6.4pt 0pt 8pt; text-align: justify"></p><div>

</div><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 117; Value: 1 --><div>
    </div><div style="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">F-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->10<!-- Field: /Sequence --></p></div><div>
    </div><div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div><div>
    </div><!-- Field: /Page --><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 6.4pt 0pt 8pt; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><ix:continuation id="abvc_LiquidityGoingConcernAndRestatementTextBlock-c7_cont_1"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">In November 2023, the Company and one of its
subsidiaries entered into a licensing agreement with AiBtl. The Company accounted for a <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c99" decimals="2" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:MinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent" scale="-2" unitRef="pure" id="ixv-45660">100</ix:nonFraction>% control of AiBtl as of December 31, 2023,
but later discovered that AiBtl had outstanding founder shares that were not deposited to the stock transfer agent in the timely manner.
Such shares reduced the Company&#8217;s controlling interest from <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c100" decimals="2" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:MinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent" scale="-2" unitRef="pure" id="ixv-45661">100</ix:nonFraction>% to <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c101" decimals="4" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:MinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent" scale="-2" unitRef="pure" id="ixv-45662">69.70</ix:nonFraction>%. Accordingly, the Company adjusted the relevant accounts
in our consolidated financial statements.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">As discussed in Note 12, in July 2019 the
Company issued <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c102" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockSplits" scale="0" unitRef="shares" id="ixv-45663">644,972</ix:nonFraction> shares (post-split) of the Company&#8217;s common stock to four consultants for their services. Such stock-based
expenses were amortized over <ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c7" format="ixt-sec:duryear" name="abvc:StockBasedExpensesAmortizationPeriod" id="ixv-45664">5</ix:nonNumeric> years starting from the issuance date. Per the Company&#8217;s further review, the services, along with
the agreements, were completed by December 31, 2022. Pursuant to ASC 718, the costs of services should be recognized along with the period
when services are received. Therefore, the Company reversed share-based compensation expenses of $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c7" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45665">451,480</ix:nonFraction> and $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c8" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45666">902,960</ix:nonFraction> for the years
ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The accumulated deficit as of December 31, 2022 was corrected with the Stock Subscription
Receivables for $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c10" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:StockholdersEquityNoteSubscriptionsReceivable" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45667">1,354,440</ix:nonFraction> as a result of such adjustments.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 6.4pt 0pt 8pt; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>



<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b style="-keep: true"><i>Impact of the Restatement</i></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 6.4pt 0pt 8pt; text-align: justify"><b style="-keep: true"><i>&#160;</i></b></p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c7" escape="true" name="srt:ScheduleOfCondensedFinancialStatementsTableTextBlock" id="ixv-22834"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">The impact of the restatement on the balance
sheets, statements of operations, and statements of cash flows as of and for the year ended December 31, 2023 is presented below.</span></p>


<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b style="-keep: true">&#160;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-size: 12pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="10" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">December 31, 2023</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">Consolidated Balance Sheets</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">As <br/>
Reported</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">Adjustments</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">As <br/>
Restated</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">(<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c98" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:ConstructionInProgressGross" scale="0" sign="-" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45669">7,400,000</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">)</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">Prepayment for asset acquisition</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-256"><span style="-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 12pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 12pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  </table>


<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="10" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">Year Ended December 31, 2023</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
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Reported</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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Restated</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">Net loss</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">(<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c8" decimals="2" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:EarningsPerShareDiluted" scale="0" sign="-" unitRef="usdPershares" id="ixv-45722"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c8" decimals="2" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:EarningsPerShareBasic" scale="0" sign="-" unitRef="usdPershares" id="ixv-45723">1.80</ix:nonFraction></ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">)</span></td></tr>
  </table>


<p style="margin: 0"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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    31, 2023</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
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    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">As <br/>
Reported</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">Adjustments</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">As <br/>
Restated</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">Stock-based compensation</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c106" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensation" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45727">1,635,708</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">(<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c28" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensation" scale="0" sign="-" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45728">1,449,775</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">)</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c8" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensation" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45729">185,933</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">Other non-cash income and expenses</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c106" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:OtherNoncashIncomeExpense" scale="0" sign="-" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45730">2,413,746</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">(<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c28" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:OtherNoncashIncomeExpense" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45731">1,169,501</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">)</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c8" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:OtherNoncashIncomeExpense" scale="0" sign="-" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45732">1,244,245</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">Accrued expenses and other current liabilities</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c106" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInAccruedLiabilitiesAndOtherOperatingLiabilities" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45733">786,793</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">(<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c28" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInAccruedLiabilitiesAndOtherOperatingLiabilities" scale="0" sign="-" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45734">148,031</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">)</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c8" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInAccruedLiabilitiesAndOtherOperatingLiabilities" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45735">638,762</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">Due to related parties</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">(<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c106" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInDueToRelatedParties" scale="0" sign="-" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45736">186,860</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">)</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c28" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInDueToRelatedParties" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45737">186,860</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-257"><span style="-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">Net cash used in operating activities</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">(<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c106" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesContinuingOperations" scale="0" sign="-" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45738">4,235,845</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">)</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">(<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c28" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesContinuingOperations" scale="0" sign="-" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45739">48,997</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">)</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">(<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c8" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesContinuingOperations" scale="0" sign="-" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45740">4,186,848</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">Due to related parties*</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  </table>


<p style="margin: 0"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 0in"/><td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 10pt">*</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><ix:footnote id="ix_3_footnote" xml:lang="en-US"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Due to related parties previously reported amount was reclassified to financing activities based on current year&#8217;s presentation.</span></ix:footnote></td>
</tr></table></ix:nonNumeric></ix:continuation><div>

</div><p style="margin: 0"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p><div>

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    </div><div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div><div>
    </div><!-- Field: /Page --><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c7" continuedAt="_SignificantAccountingPoliciesTextBlock-c7_cont_1" escape="true" name="us-gaap:SignificantAccountingPoliciesTextBlock" id="ixv-23868"><p style="margin: 0"><b style="-keep: true">3. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c7" continuedAt="_BasisOfAccountingPolicyPolicyTextBlock-c7_cont_1" escape="true" name="us-gaap:BasisOfAccountingPolicyPolicyTextBlock" id="ixv-23873"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Basis of Presentation</span></p></ix:nonNumeric>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:continuation id="_BasisOfAccountingPolicyPolicyTextBlock-c7_cont_1"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">The accompanying consolidated financial statements
have been prepared in accordance with the U.S. GAAP and pursuant to the regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the &#8220;SEC&#8221;).
All significant intercompany transactions and account balances have been eliminated. The Company&#8217;s fiscal year is the calendar
year.</span></p></ix:continuation>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c7" continuedAt="_PriorPeriodReclassificationAdjustmentDescription-c7_cont_1" escape="true" name="us-gaap:PriorPeriodReclassificationAdjustmentDescription" id="ixv-23883"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Reclassifications of Prior Year Presentation</span></p></ix:nonNumeric>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:continuation id="_PriorPeriodReclassificationAdjustmentDescription-c7_cont_1"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">Certain amounts on prior year&#8217;s consolidated
financial statements have been reclassified for consistency with the current year presentation. These reclassifications had no effect
on the reported results of operations.</span></p></ix:continuation>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c7" continuedAt="_UseOfEstimates-c7_cont_1" escape="true" name="us-gaap:UseOfEstimates" id="ixv-23893"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Use of Estimates</span></p></ix:nonNumeric>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:continuation id="_UseOfEstimates-c7_cont_1"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">The preparation of financial statements in
conformity with the U.S. GAAP that requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and
liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the amount of
revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results could differ materially from those results.</span></p></ix:continuation>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c7" continuedAt="abvc_StockReverseSplitPolicyTextBlock-c7_cont_1" escape="true" name="abvc:StockReverseSplitPolicyTextBlock" id="ixv-23903"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Stock Reverse Split</span></p></ix:nonNumeric>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:continuation id="abvc_StockReverseSplitPolicyTextBlock-c7_cont_1"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">On July 25, 2023, the Company filed a Certificate
of Amendment to its Articles of Incorporation authorizing a 1-for-10 reverse stock split of the issued and outstanding shares of its
common stock. The Company&#8217;s stockholders previously approved the Reverse Stock Split at the Company&#8217;s Special Shareholder
Meeting held on July 7, 2023. The Reverse Stock Split was effected to reduce the number of issued and outstanding shares and to increase
the per share trading value of the Company&#8217;s common stock, although that outcome is not guaranteed. All shares and related financial
information in this Form 10-K reflect this 1-for-10 reverse stock split.&#160;</span></p></ix:continuation>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c7" continuedAt="_FairValueMeasurementPolicyPolicyTextBlock-c7_cont_1" escape="true" name="us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementPolicyPolicyTextBlock" id="ixv-23913"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Fair Value Measurements</span></p></ix:nonNumeric>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:continuation continuedAt="_FairValueMeasurementPolicyPolicyTextBlock-c7_cont_2" id="_FairValueMeasurementPolicyPolicyTextBlock-c7_cont_1"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">ASC 820 &#8220;Fair Value Measurements&#8221;
defines fair value for certain financial and nonfinancial assets and liabilities that are recorded at fair value, establishes a framework
for measuring fair value and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. It requires that an entity measure its financial instruments
to base fair value on exit price, maximize the use of observable units and minimize the use of unobservable inputs to determine the exit
price. It establishes a hierarchy which prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value. This hierarchy increases
the consistency and comparability of fair value measurements and related disclosures by maximizing the use of observable inputs and minimizing
the use of unobservable inputs by requiring that observable inputs be used when available. Observable inputs are inputs that reflect
the assumptions market participants would use in pricing the assets or liabilities based on market data obtained from sources independent
of the Company. Unobservable inputs are inputs that reflect the Company&#8217;s own assumptions about the assumptions market participants
would use in pricing the asset or liability developed based on the best information available in the circumstances. The hierarchy prioritizes
the inputs into three broad levels based on the reliability of the inputs as follows:</span></p></ix:continuation>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:continuation continuedAt="_FairValueMeasurementPolicyPolicyTextBlock-c7_cont_3" id="_FairValueMeasurementPolicyPolicyTextBlock-c7_cont_2"><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Level 1&#8211;&#160;Inputs
    are quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the Company has the ability to access at the measurement
    date. Valuation of these instruments does not require a high degree of judgment as the valuations are based on quoted prices in active
    markets that are readily and regularly available.</span></td></tr>
  </table></ix:continuation>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:continuation continuedAt="_FairValueMeasurementPolicyPolicyTextBlock-c7_cont_4" id="_FairValueMeasurementPolicyPolicyTextBlock-c7_cont_3"><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Level 2&#8211;&#160;Inputs
    other than quoted prices in active markets that are either directly or indirectly observable as of the measurement date, such as
    quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable
    or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.</span></td></tr>
  </table></ix:continuation>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:continuation continuedAt="_FairValueMeasurementPolicyPolicyTextBlock-c7_cont_5" id="_FairValueMeasurementPolicyPolicyTextBlock-c7_cont_4"><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Level 3&#8211;&#160;Valuations
    based on inputs that are unobservable and not corroborated by market data. The fair value for such assets and liabilities is generally
    determined using pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies, or similar techniques that incorporate the assumptions a market
    participant would use in pricing the asset or liability.</span></td></tr>
  </table></ix:continuation></ix:nonNumeric><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p><div>

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    </div><div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div><div>
    </div><!-- Field: /Page --><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><ix:continuation continuedAt="_SignificantAccountingPoliciesTextBlock-c7_cont_2" id="_SignificantAccountingPoliciesTextBlock-c7_cont_1"><ix:continuation id="_FairValueMeasurementPolicyPolicyTextBlock-c7_cont_5"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">The carrying values of certain assets and
liabilities of the Company, such as cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivable, due from related parties, prepaid
expenses and other current assets, accrued expenses and other current liabilities, and due to related parties, approximate fair value
due to their relatively short maturities. The carrying value of the Company&#8217;s short-term bank loans, convertible notes payable,
and accrued interest approximates their fair value as the terms of the borrowing are consistent with current market rates and the duration
to maturity is short.</span></p></ix:continuation>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c7" continuedAt="_ConcentrationRiskCreditRisk-c7_cont_1" escape="true" name="us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskCreditRisk" id="ixv-23977"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Concentration of Credit Risk</span></p></ix:nonNumeric>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

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that are exposed to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents. The Company places its cash and temporary
cash investments in high quality credit institutions, but these investments may be in excess of the limit of $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c107" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:InvestmentCompanyExcessExpenseReimbursable" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45757">91,500</ix:nonFraction> (NTD <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c107" decimals="-5" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:InvestmentCompanyExcessExpenseReimbursable" scale="6" unitRef="twd" id="ixv-45758">3.0</ix:nonFraction> million)
covered by Taiwan Central Deposit Insurance Corporation, and the limit of $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c108" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:InvestmentCompanyExcessExpenseReimbursable" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45759">250,000</ix:nonFraction> covered by the U.S. Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation&#8217;s
insurance limits. However, the Company does not anticipate any losses on excess deposits. The Company does not enter into financial instruments
for hedging, trading or speculative purposes.</span></p></ix:continuation>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:continuation id="_ConcentrationRiskCreditRisk-c7_cont_2"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">The Company performs ongoing credit evaluation
of its customers and requires no collateral. Credit losses and allowance for unbilled receivables are provided based on a review of the
collectability of accounts receivable. The Company determines the amount of allowance for doubtful accounts by examining its historical
collection experience and current trends in the credit quality of its customers as well as its internal credit policies. Actual credit
losses may differ from our estimates.</span></p></ix:continuation>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c7" continuedAt="abvc_ConcentrationOfClientsPolicyTextBlock-c7_cont_1" escape="true" name="abvc:ConcentrationOfClientsPolicyTextBlock" id="ixv-23992"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Concentration of Clients</span></p></ix:nonNumeric>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:continuation continuedAt="abvc_ConcentrationOfClientsPolicyTextBlock-c7_cont_2" id="abvc_ConcentrationOfClientsPolicyTextBlock-c7_cont_1"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">As of December 31, 2024, management estimated
all accounts receivable balances are uncollectible and recognized $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c7" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:ProvisionForDoubtfulAccounts" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45760">11,993</ix:nonFraction> of credit loss.</span></p></ix:continuation>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:continuation continuedAt="abvc_ConcentrationOfClientsPolicyTextBlock-c7_cont_3" id="abvc_ConcentrationOfClientsPolicyTextBlock-c7_cont_2"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">As of December 31, 2023, the most major clients,
specializes in developing and commercializing of dietary supplements and therapeutics in dietary supplement industry, accounted for <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c109" decimals="2" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskPercentage1" scale="-2" unitRef="pure" id="ixv-45761">87</ix:nonFraction>%
of the Company&#8217;s total account receivable.</span></p></ix:continuation>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:continuation continuedAt="abvc_ConcentrationOfClientsPolicyTextBlock-c7_cont_4" id="abvc_ConcentrationOfClientsPolicyTextBlock-c7_cont_3"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">For the year ended December 31, 2024, the
out-licensing income from our two major licensees, accounts for <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c110" decimals="2" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskPercentage1" scale="-2" unitRef="pure" id="ixv-45762">58</ix:nonFraction>% and <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c111" decimals="2" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskPercentage1" scale="-2" unitRef="pure" id="ixv-45763">39</ix:nonFraction>% of the Company&#8217;s total revenues.</span></p></ix:continuation>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:continuation id="abvc_ConcentrationOfClientsPolicyTextBlock-c7_cont_4"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">For the year ended December 31, 2023, the
major client, distributing nutritional supplements in Asia Pacific, accounted for <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c112" decimals="2" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskPercentage1" scale="-2" unitRef="pure" id="ixv-45764">80</ix:nonFraction>% of the Company&#8217;s total revenues.</span></p></ix:continuation>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c7" continuedAt="_CashAndCashEquivalentsPolicyTextBlock-c7_cont_1" escape="true" name="us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsPolicyTextBlock" id="ixv-24017"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Cash and Cash Equivalents</span>&#160;</p></ix:nonNumeric>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

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with maturities of three months or less to be cash equivalents when purchased. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company&#8217;s
cash and cash equivalents amounted to $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c1" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45765">248,382</ix:nonFraction> and $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c2" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45766">60,155</ix:nonFraction>, respectively. Some&#160;of the Company&#8217;s cash deposits are held in
financial institutions located in Taiwan where there is currently regulation mandated on obligatory insurance of bank accounts. The Company
believes this financial institution is of high credit quality.</span></p></ix:continuation></ix:continuation><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p><div>

</div><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 120; Value: 1 --><div>
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    </div><div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div><div>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><ix:continuation continuedAt="_SignificantAccountingPoliciesTextBlock-c7_cont_3" id="_SignificantAccountingPoliciesTextBlock-c7_cont_2"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c7" continuedAt="_CashAndCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsPolicy-c7_cont_1" escape="true" name="us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsPolicy" id="ixv-24043"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Restricted Cash </span></p></ix:nonNumeric>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:continuation id="_CashAndCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsPolicy-c7_cont_1"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">Restricted cash primarily consist of cash
held in a reserve bank account in Taiwan. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company&#8217;s restricted cash amounted $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c1" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:RestrictedCashCurrent" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45767">615,433</ix:nonFraction> (NTD
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c7" continuedAt="_TradeAndOtherAccountsReceivablePolicy-c7_cont_1" escape="true" name="us-gaap:TradeAndOtherAccountsReceivablePolicy" id="ixv-24053"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Accounts receivable and allowance for expected credit losses
accounts</span>&#160;</p></ix:nonNumeric>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:continuation continuedAt="_TradeAndOtherAccountsReceivablePolicy-c7_cont_2" id="_TradeAndOtherAccountsReceivablePolicy-c7_cont_1"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">Accounts receivable is recorded and carried
at the original invoiced amount less an allowance for any potential uncollectible amounts.</span></p></ix:continuation>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:continuation continuedAt="_TradeAndOtherAccountsReceivablePolicy-c7_cont_3" id="_TradeAndOtherAccountsReceivablePolicy-c7_cont_2"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">The Company make estimates of expected credit
and collectability trends for the allowance for credit losses and allowance for unbilled receivables based upon our assessment of various
factors, including historical experience, the age of the accounts receivable balances, credit quality of customers, current economic
conditions reasonable and supportable forecasts of future economic conditions, and other factors that may affect our ability to collect
from customers. The provision is recorded against accounts receivable balances, with a corresponding charge recorded in the consolidated
statements of income. Actual amounts received may differ from management&#8217;s estimate of credit worthiness and the economic environment.
Delinquent account balances are written-off against the allowance for doubtful accounts after management has determined that the likelihood
of collection is not probable.</span></p></ix:continuation>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:continuation id="_TradeAndOtherAccountsReceivablePolicy-c7_cont_3"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">Allowance for expected credit losses accounts
was $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c1" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivable" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45771">616,414</ix:nonFraction> and $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c2" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivable" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45772">616,505</ix:nonFraction> as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.</span></p></ix:continuation>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c7" continuedAt="_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerPolicyTextBlock-c7_cont_1" escape="true" name="us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerPolicyTextBlock" id="ixv-24073"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Revenue Recognition</span></p></ix:nonNumeric>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:continuation continuedAt="_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerPolicyTextBlock-c7_cont_2" id="_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerPolicyTextBlock-c7_cont_1"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">The Company recognizes revenue in accordance
with ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. Pursuant to ASC 606, the Company recognizes revenue when its customer obtains control
of promised goods or services, in an amount that reflects the consideration that the Company expects to receive in exchange for those
goods or services. To determine revenue recognition for arrangements that the Company determines is within the scope of ASC 606, the
Company performs the following five steps: (i) identify the contract(s) with a customer; (ii) identify the performance obligations in
the contract; (iii) determine the transaction price; (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract;
and (v) recognize revenue when (or as) the Company satisfies a performance obligation. The Company only applies the five-step model to
contracts when it is probable that the Company will collect the consideration the Company is entitled to in exchange for the goods or
services the Company transfers to the customers. At inception of the contract, once the contract is determined to be within the scope
of ASC 606, the Company assesses the goods or services promised within each contract, determines those that are performance obligations,
and assesses whether each promised good or service is distinct. The Company then recognizes as revenue the amount of the transaction
price that is allocated to the respective performance obligation when (or as) the performance obligation is satisfied.</span></p></ix:continuation></ix:continuation><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p><div>

</div><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 121; Value: 1 --><div>
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    </div><div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div><div>
    </div><!-- Field: /Page --><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><ix:continuation continuedAt="_SignificantAccountingPoliciesTextBlock-c7_cont_4" id="_SignificantAccountingPoliciesTextBlock-c7_cont_3"><ix:continuation continuedAt="_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerPolicyTextBlock-c7_cont_3" id="_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerPolicyTextBlock-c7_cont_2"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">The following are examples of when the Company
recognizes revenue based on the types of payments the Company receives.</span></p></ix:continuation>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

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Company recognizes collaborative revenues generated through collaborative research, development and/or commercialization agreements.
The terms of these agreements typically include payment to the Company related to one or more of the following: non-refundable upfront
license fees, development and commercial milestones, partial or complete reimbursement of research and development costs, and royalties
on net sales of licensed products. Each type of payments results in collaborative revenues except for revenues from royalties on net
sales of licensed products, which are classified as royalty revenues. To date, the Company has not received any royalty revenues. Revenue
is recognized upon satisfaction of a performance obligation by transferring control of a good or service to the collaboration partners.</span></p></ix:continuation>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:continuation continuedAt="_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerPolicyTextBlock-c7_cont_5" id="_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerPolicyTextBlock-c7_cont_4"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">As part of the accounting for these arrangements,
the Company applies judgment to determine whether the performance obligations are distinct, and develop assumptions in determining the
stand-alone selling price for each distinct performance obligation identified in the collaboration agreements. To determine the stand-alone
selling price, the Company relies on assumptions which may include forecasted revenues, development timelines, reimbursement rates for
R&amp;D personnel costs, discount rates and probabilities of technical and regulatory success.</span></p></ix:continuation>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:continuation continuedAt="_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerPolicyTextBlock-c7_cont_6" id="_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerPolicyTextBlock-c7_cont_5"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">The Company had multiple deliverables under
the collaborative agreements, including deliverables relating to grants of technology licenses, regulatory and clinical development,
and marketing activities. Estimation of the performance periods of the Company&#8217;s deliverables requires the use of management&#8217;s
judgment. Significant factors considered in management&#8217;s evaluation of the estimated performance periods include, but are not limited
to, the Company&#8217;s experience in conducting clinical development, regulatory and manufacturing activities. The Company reviews the
estimated duration of its performance periods under its collaborative agreements on an annually basis, and makes any appropriate adjustments
on a prospective basis. Future changes in estimates of the performance period under its collaborative agreements could impact the timing
of future revenue recognition.</span></p></ix:continuation>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:continuation continuedAt="_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerPolicyTextBlock-c7_cont_7" id="_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerPolicyTextBlock-c7_cont_6"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">(i) Non-refundable upfront payments</span></p></ix:continuation>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;&#160;</span></p>

<ix:continuation continuedAt="_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerPolicyTextBlock-c7_cont_8" id="_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerPolicyTextBlock-c7_cont_7"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">If a license to the Company&#8217;s intellectual
property is determined to be distinct from the other performance obligations identified in an arrangement, the Company recognizes revenue
from the related non-refundable upfront payments based on the relative standalone selling price prescribed to the license compared to
the total selling price of the arrangement. The revenue is recognized when the license is transferred to the collaboration partners and
the collaboration partners are able to use and benefit from the license. To date, the receipt of non-refundable upfront fees was solely
for the compensation of past research efforts and contributions made by the Company before the collaborative agreements entered into
and it does not relate to any future obligations and commitments made between the Company and the collaboration partners in the collaborative
agreements.</span></p></ix:continuation>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:continuation continuedAt="_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerPolicyTextBlock-c7_cont_9" id="_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerPolicyTextBlock-c7_cont_8"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">(ii) Milestone payments</span></p></ix:continuation>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:continuation continuedAt="_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerPolicyTextBlock-c7_cont_10" id="_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerPolicyTextBlock-c7_cont_9"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">The Company is eligible to receive milestone
payments under the collaborative agreement with collaboration partners based on achievement of specified development, regulatory and
commercial events. Management evaluated the nature of the events triggering these contingent payments, and concluded that these events
fall into two categories: (a) events which involve the performance of the Company&#8217;s obligations under the collaborative agreement
with collaboration partners, and (b) events which do not involve the performance of the Company&#8217;s obligations under the collaborative
agreement with collaboration partners.</span></p></ix:continuation>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:continuation continuedAt="_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerPolicyTextBlock-c7_cont_11" id="_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerPolicyTextBlock-c7_cont_10"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">The former category of milestone payments
consists of those triggered by development and regulatory activities in the territories specified in the collaborative agreements. Management
concluded that each of these payments constitute substantive milestone payments. This conclusion was based primarily on the facts that
(i) each triggering event represents a specific outcome that can be achieved only through successful performance by the Company of one
or more of its deliverables, (ii) achievement of each triggering event was subject to inherent risk and uncertainty and would result
in additional payments becoming due to the Company, (iii) each of the milestone payments is non-refundable, (iv) substantial effort is
required to complete each milestone, (v) the amount of each milestone payment is reasonable in relation to the value created in achieving
the milestone, (vi) a substantial amount of time is expected to pass between the upfront payment and the potential milestone payments,
and (vii) the milestone payments relate solely to past performance. Based on the foregoing, the Company recognizes any revenue from these
milestone payments in the period in which the underlying triggering event occurs.</span></p></ix:continuation>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:continuation continuedAt="_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerPolicyTextBlock-c7_cont_12" id="_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerPolicyTextBlock-c7_cont_11"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-keep: true">(iii) Multiple Element Arrangements</span></p></ix:continuation>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:continuation continuedAt="_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerPolicyTextBlock-c7_cont_13" id="_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerPolicyTextBlock-c7_cont_12"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">The Company evaluates multiple element arrangements
to determine (1) the deliverables included in the arrangement and (2) whether the individual deliverables represent separate units of
accounting or whether they must be accounted for as a combined unit of accounting. This evaluation involves subjective determinations
and requires management to make judgments about the individual deliverables and whether such deliverables are separate from other aspects
of the contractual relationship. Deliverables are considered separate units of accounting provided that: (i) the delivered item(s) has
value to the customer on a standalone basis and (ii) if the arrangement includes a general right of return relative to the delivered
item(s), delivery or performance of the undelivered item(s) is considered probable and substantially within its control. In assessing
whether an item under a collaboration has standalone value, the Company considers factors such as the research, manufacturing, and commercialization
capabilities of the collaboration partner and the availability of the associated expertise in the general marketplace. The Company also
considers whether its collaboration partners can use the other deliverable(s) for their intended purpose without the receipt of the remaining
element(s), whether the value of the deliverable is dependent on the undelivered item(s), and whether there are other vendors that can
provide the undelivered element(s).</span></p></ix:continuation></ix:continuation><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p><div>

</div><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 122; Value: 1 --><div>
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    </div><div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div><div>
    </div><!-- Field: /Page --><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><ix:continuation continuedAt="_SignificantAccountingPoliciesTextBlock-c7_cont_5" id="_SignificantAccountingPoliciesTextBlock-c7_cont_4"><ix:continuation continuedAt="_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerPolicyTextBlock-c7_cont_14" id="_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerPolicyTextBlock-c7_cont_13"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">The Company recognizes arrangement consideration
allocated to each unit of accounting when all of the revenue recognition criteria in ASC 606 are satisfied for that particular unit of
accounting. In the event that a deliverable does not represent a separate unit of accounting, the Company recognizes revenue from the
combined unit of accounting over the Company&#8217;s contractual or estimated performance period for the undelivered elements, which
is typically the term of the Company&#8217;s research and development obligations. If there is no discernible pattern of performance
or objectively measurable performance measures do not exist, then the Company recognizes revenue under the arrangement on a straight-line
basis over the period the Company is expected to complete its performance obligations. Conversely, if the pattern of performance in which
the service is provided to the customer can be determined and objectively measurable performance measures exist, then the Company recognizes
revenue under the arrangement using the proportional performance method. Revenue recognized is limited to the lesser of the cumulative
amount of payments received or the cumulative amount of revenue earned, as determined using the straight-line method or proportional
performance method, as applicable, as of the period ending date.</span></p></ix:continuation>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:continuation continuedAt="_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerPolicyTextBlock-c7_cont_15" id="_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerPolicyTextBlock-c7_cont_14"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">At the inception of an arrangement that includes
milestone payments, the Company evaluates whether each milestone is substantive and at risk to both parties on the basis of the contingent
nature of the milestone. This evaluation includes an assessment of whether: (1) the consideration is commensurate with either the Company&#8217;s
performance to achieve the milestone or the enhancement of the value of the delivered item(s) as a result of a specific outcome resulting
from its performance to achieve the milestone, (2) the consideration relates solely to past performance and (3) the consideration is
reasonable relative to all of the deliverables and payment terms within the arrangement. The Company evaluates factors such as the scientific,
clinical, regulatory, commercial, and other risks that must be overcome to achieve the particular milestone and the level of effort and
investment required to achieve the particular milestone in making this assessment. There is considerable judgment involved in determining
whether a milestone satisfies all of the criteria required to conclude that a milestone is substantive. Milestones that are not considered
substantive are recognized as earned if there are no remaining performance obligations or over the remaining period of performance, assuming
all other revenue recognition criteria are met.</span></p></ix:continuation>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:continuation continuedAt="_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerPolicyTextBlock-c7_cont_16" id="_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerPolicyTextBlock-c7_cont_15"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-keep: true">(iv) Royalties and Profit Sharing Payments</span></p></ix:continuation>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:continuation continuedAt="_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerPolicyTextBlock-c7_cont_17" id="_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerPolicyTextBlock-c7_cont_16"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">Under the collaborative agreement with the
collaboration partners, the Company is entitled to receive royalties on sales of products, which is at certain percentage of the net
sales. The Company recognizes revenue from these events based on the revenue recognition criteria set forth in ASC 606. Based on those
criteria, the Company considers these payments to be contingent revenues, and recognizes them as revenue in the period in which the applicable
contingency is resolved.</span></p></ix:continuation>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:continuation continuedAt="_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerPolicyTextBlock-c7_cont_18" id="_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerPolicyTextBlock-c7_cont_17"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true"><b>Revenues Derived from Research and Development
Activities Services (Also known as the Contract Development &amp; Manufacturing Organization Services (&#8220;CDMO&#8221;))</b> &#8212;
Revenues related to research and development and regulatory activities are recognized when the related services or activities are performed,
in accordance with the contract terms. The Company typically has only one performance obligation at the inception of a contract, which
is to perform research and development services. The Company may also provide its customers with an option to request that the Company
provides additional goods or services in the future, such as active pharmaceutical ingredient, API, or IND/NDA/ANDA/510K submissions.
The Company evaluates whether these options are material rights at the inception of the contract. If the Company determines an option
is a material right, the Company will consider the option a separate performance obligation.</span></p></ix:continuation>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:continuation continuedAt="_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerPolicyTextBlock-c7_cont_19" id="_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerPolicyTextBlock-c7_cont_18"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">If the Company is entitled to reimbursement
from its customers for specified research and development expenses, the Company accounts for the related services that it provides as
separate performance obligations if it determines that these services represent a material right. The Company also determines whether
the reimbursement of research and development expenses should be accounted for as revenues or an offset to research and development expenses
in accordance with provisions of gross or net revenue presentation. The Company recognizes the corresponding revenues or records the
corresponding offset to research and development expenses as it satisfies the related performance obligations.</span></p></ix:continuation>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;&#160;</span></p>

<ix:continuation continuedAt="_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerPolicyTextBlock-c7_cont_20" id="_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerPolicyTextBlock-c7_cont_19"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">The Company then determines the transaction
price by reviewing the amount of consideration the Company is eligible to earn under the contracts, including any variable consideration.
Under the outstanding contracts, consideration typically includes fixed consideration and variable consideration in the form of potential
milestone payments. At the start of an agreement, the Company&#8217;s transaction price usually consists of the payments made to or by
the Company based on the number of full-time equivalent researchers assigned to the project and the related research and development
expenses incurred. The Company does not typically include any payments that the Company may receive in the future in its initial transaction
price because the payments are not probable. The Company would reassess the total transaction price at each reporting period to determine
if the Company should include additional payments in the transaction price.</span></p></ix:continuation>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:continuation id="_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerPolicyTextBlock-c7_cont_20"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">The Company receives payments from its customers
based on billing schedules established in each contract. Upfront payments and fees may be recorded as advance from customers upon receipt
or when due, and may require deferral of revenue recognition to a future period until the Company performs its obligations under these
arrangements. Amounts are recorded as accounts receivable when the right of the Company to consideration is unconditional. The Company
does not assess whether a contract has a significant financing component if the expectation at contract inception is such that the period
between payment by the customers and the transfer of the promised goods or services to the customers will be one year or less.</span></p></ix:continuation></ix:continuation><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 123; Value: 1 --><div>
    </div><div style="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">F-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->16<!-- Field: /Sequence --></p></div><div>
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    </div><!-- Field: /Page --><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><ix:continuation continuedAt="_SignificantAccountingPoliciesTextBlock-c7_cont_6" id="_SignificantAccountingPoliciesTextBlock-c7_cont_5"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c7" continuedAt="_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentPolicyTextBlock-c7_cont_1" escape="true" name="us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentPolicyTextBlock" id="ixv-24226"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Property and Equipment, net</span></p></ix:nonNumeric>

<p style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b style="-keep: true"><i>&#160;</i></b></p>

<ix:continuation continuedAt="_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentPolicyTextBlock-c7_cont_2" id="_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentPolicyTextBlock-c7_cont_1"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">Property and equipment, net is carried at
cost net of accumulated depreciation. Repairs and maintenance are expensed as incurred. Expenditures that improve the functionality of
the related asset or extend the useful life are capitalized. When property and equipment is retired or otherwise disposed of, the related
gain or loss is included in operating income. Leasehold improvements are depreciated on the straight-line method over the shorter of
the remaining lease term or estimated useful life of the asset. <ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c7" continuedAt="abvc_ScheduleOfEstimatedUsefulLivesOfPropertyAndEquipmentNetTableTextBlock-c7_cont_1" escape="true" name="abvc:ScheduleOfEstimatedUsefulLivesOfPropertyAndEquipmentNetTableTextBlock" id="ixv-45773">Depreciation is calculated on the straight-line method generally based
on the following useful lives:</ix:nonNumeric></span></p></ix:continuation>

<p style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:continuation id="abvc_ScheduleOfEstimatedUsefulLivesOfPropertyAndEquipmentNetTableTextBlock-c7_cont_1"><ix:continuation id="_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentPolicyTextBlock-c7_cont_2"><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
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    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">Machinery and equipment</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c120" format="ixt-sec:duryear" name="us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife" id="ixv-45776">5</ix:nonNumeric> ~ <ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c121" format="ixt-sec:duryear" name="us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife" id="ixv-45777">10</ix:nonNumeric></span></td></tr>
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    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">Office equipment</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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<p style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c7" continuedAt="_ImpairmentOrDisposalOfLongLivedAssetsPolicyTextBlock-c7_cont_1" escape="true" name="us-gaap:ImpairmentOrDisposalOfLongLivedAssetsPolicyTextBlock" id="ixv-24271"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Impairment of Long-Lived Assets</span></p></ix:nonNumeric>

<p style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

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Property, Plant and Equipment (&#8220;ASC 360-10&#8221;). ASC 360-10 requires that long-lived assets and certain identifiable intangibles
held and used by the Company be reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount
of an asset may not be recoverable. The Company evaluates its long-lived assets for impairment annually or more often if events and circumstances
warrant. Events relating to recoverability may include significant unfavorable changes in business conditions, recurring losses, or a
forecasted inability to achieve break-even operating results over an extended period. Should impairment in value be indicated, the carrying
value of intangible assets will be adjusted, based on estimates of future discounted cash flows resulting from the use and ultimate disposition
of the asset. ASC 360-10 also requires assets to be disposed of be reported at the lower of the carrying amount or the fair value less
costs to sell.</span></p></ix:continuation>

<p style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c7" continuedAt="_EquityMethodInvestmentsPolicy-c7_cont_1" escape="true" name="us-gaap:EquityMethodInvestmentsPolicy" id="ixv-24281"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Long-term Equity Investment</span>&#160;</p></ix:nonNumeric>

<p style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:continuation continuedAt="_EquityMethodInvestmentsPolicy-c7_cont_2" id="_EquityMethodInvestmentsPolicy-c7_cont_1"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">The Company acquires the equity investments
to promote business and strategic objectives. The accounting treatment for equity investments, where the Company does not have control
over the investees, is as follows:</span></p></ix:continuation>

<p style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:continuation continuedAt="_EquityMethodInvestmentsPolicy-c7_cont_3" id="_EquityMethodInvestmentsPolicy-c7_cont_2"><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
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    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Marketable equity investments: The Company measures marketable equity
    securities at fair value at each reporting date, with unrealized gains and losses recognized in net income in accordance with <span style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal">ASC
    321. Fair value is</span> determined based on quoted market prices or other observable inputs.</span></td></tr>
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<p style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:continuation continuedAt="_EquityMethodInvestmentsPolicy-c7_cont_4" id="_EquityMethodInvestmentsPolicy-c7_cont_3"><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
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    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Non-marketable equity
    investments: When the equity method does not apply, non-marketable equity investments are accounted for at cost, adjusted for observable
    price changes in orderly transactions for identical or similar investments and for impairments, if applicable.</span></td></tr>
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    Investments in which the Company has the ability to exercise significant influence, but not control, over the investee, are accounted
    for using the equity method. The Company recognizes its proportionate share of the investee&#8217;s income or loss in gains (losses)
    on equity investments on a monthly basis.</span></td></tr>
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<p style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:continuation id="_EquityMethodInvestmentsPolicy-c7_cont_4"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">Significant judgment is required to identify
whether an impairment exists in the valuation of the Company&#8217;s non-marketable equity investments, considering this a critical accounting
estimate. Its yearly analysis considers both qualitative and quantitative factors that may have a significant impact on the investee&#8217;s
fair value. Qualitative analysis of its investments involves understanding the financial performance and near-term prospects of the investee,
changes in general market conditions in the investee&#8217;s industry or geographic area, and the management and governance structure
of the investee. Quantitative assessments of the fair value of its investments are developed using the market and income approaches.
The market approach includes the use of comparable financial metrics of private and public companies and recent financing rounds. The
income approach includes the use of a discounted cash flow model, which requires significant estimates regarding the investees&#8217;
revenue, costs, and discount rates. The Company&#8217;s assessment of these factors in determining whether an impairment exists could
change in the future due to new developments or changes in applied assumptions.</span></p></ix:continuation>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c7" continuedAt="abvc_OtherThanTemporaryImpairmentPolicyTextBlock-c7_cont_1" escape="true" name="abvc:OtherThanTemporaryImpairmentPolicyTextBlock" id="ixv-24333"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Other-Than-Temporary Impairment</span></p></ix:nonNumeric>

<p style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

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equity investments and equity method investments, with recognition in profit and loss when declines in value are considered other than
temporary. the Company assesses the severity and duration of any impairment, along with qualitative and quantitative factors, such as
the investee&#8217;s financial performance, adverse market or regulatory conditions, operational changes, or additional funding needs.
Evidence of a loss in value might include the inability to recover the carrying amount of the investment or the investee&#8217;s failure
to sustain earnings capacity to justify its valuation. Impairments deemed other than temporary are recorded in gains (losses) on equity
investments, even if the decline exceeds the losses recognized under the equity method, where applicable.</span></p></ix:continuation></ix:continuation><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p><div>

</div><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 124; Value: 1 --><div>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><ix:continuation continuedAt="_SignificantAccountingPoliciesTextBlock-c7_cont_7" id="_SignificantAccountingPoliciesTextBlock-c7_cont_6"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c7" continuedAt="abvc_ConvertibleNotesPayablePolicyTextBlock-c7_cont_1" escape="true" name="abvc:ConvertibleNotesPayablePolicyTextBlock" id="ixv-24359"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Convertible Notes Payable</span></p></ix:nonNumeric>

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payable in accordance with ASC 470-20, Debt with Conversion and Other Options, and ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging, as applicable. Upon
issuance, the Company evaluates whether the embedded conversion feature should be bifurcated as a derivative under ASC 815 or classified
within equity under ASC 470-20. This assessment includes analyzing the terms of the conversion feature and determining if it requires
separate accounting. If the conversion feature is classified as equity, the proceeds from the issuance are allocated between the debt
and equity components. The debt component is recorded at its fair value, and the residual amount is allocated to equity. The debt component
is carried at amortized cost, with any discount amortized to interest expense over the term of the note using the effective interest
method. Upon conversion, the carrying amount of the debt is reclassified to equity, and no gain or loss is recognized. If the note is
settled in cash, any difference between the carrying amount and the settlement amount is recognized in profit and loss.</span></p></ix:continuation>

<p style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c7" continuedAt="_DerivativesPolicyTextBlock-c7_cont_1" escape="true" name="us-gaap:DerivativesPolicyTextBlock" id="ixv-24369"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Warrants</span></p></ix:nonNumeric>

<p style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:continuation continuedAt="_DerivativesPolicyTextBlock-c7_cont_2" id="_DerivativesPolicyTextBlock-c7_cont_1"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">The Company accounts for warrants as either
equity-classified or liability-classified instruments based on an assessment of the warrant&#8217;s specific terms and applicable authoritative
guidance in ASC 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity (&#8220;ASC 480&#8221;) and ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging (&#8220;ASC
815&#8221;). The assessment considers whether the warrants are freestanding financial instruments pursuant to ASC 480, meet the definition
of a liability pursuant to ASC 480, and whether the warrants meet all of the requirements for equity classification under ASC 815, including
whether the warrants are indexed to the Company&#8217;s own common shares and whether the warrant holders could potentially require &#8220;net
cash settlement&#8221; in a circumstance outside of the Company&#8217;s control, among other conditions for equity classification. This
assessment, which requires the use of professional judgment, is conducted at the time of warrant issuance and as of each subsequent quarterly
period end date while the warrants are outstanding. The Company determined that upon further review of the warrant agreement, the Public
Warrants issued pursuant to the warrant agreement qualify for equity accounting treatment.</span></p></ix:continuation>

<p style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:continuation id="_DerivativesPolicyTextBlock-c7_cont_2"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">For issued or modified warrants that meet
all of the criteria for equity classification, the warrants are required to be recorded as a component of equity at the time of issuance.
For issued or modified warrants that do not meet all the criteria for equity classification, the warrants are required to be recorded
as liabilities at their initial fair value on the date of issuance, and each balance sheet date thereafter. Changes in the estimated
fair value of the warrants are recognized as a non-cash gain or loss on the statements of operations.&#160;</span></p></ix:continuation>

<p style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c7" continuedAt="_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpensePolicy-c7_cont_1" escape="true" name="us-gaap:ResearchAndDevelopmentExpensePolicy" id="ixv-24384"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Research and Development Expenses</span></p></ix:nonNumeric>

<p style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:continuation continuedAt="_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpensePolicy-c7_cont_2" id="_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpensePolicy-c7_cont_1"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">The Company accounts for the cost of using
licensing rights in research and development cost according to ASC 730-10-25-1. This guidance provides that absent alternative future
uses the acquisition of product rights to be used in research and development activities must be charged to research and development
expenses when incurred.</span></p></ix:continuation>

<p style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:continuation id="_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpensePolicy-c7_cont_2"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">The Company accounts for R&amp;D costs in
accordance with ASC 730, Research and Development (&#8220;ASC 730&#8221;). Research and development expenses are charged to expense as
incurred unless there is an alternative future use in other research and development projects or otherwise. Research and development
expenses are comprised of costs incurred in performing research and development activities, including personnel-related costs, facilities-related
overhead, and outside contracted services including clinical trial costs, manufacturing and process development costs for both clinical
and preclinical materials, research costs, and other consulting services. Non-refundable advance payment for goods and services that
will be used in future research and development activities are expensed when the activity has been performed or when the goods have been
received rather than when the payment is made. In instances where the Company enters into agreements with third parties to provide research
and development services, costs are expensed as services are performed.</span></p></ix:continuation>

<p style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c7" continuedAt="_PostemploymentBenefitPlansPolicy-c7_cont_1" escape="true" name="us-gaap:PostemploymentBenefitPlansPolicy" id="ixv-24399"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Post-retirement and post-employment benefits</span></p></ix:nonNumeric>

<p style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b style="-keep: true"><i>&#160;</i></b></p>

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adopted the government mandated defined contribution plan pursuant to the Labor Pension Act (the &#8220;Act&#8221;) in Taiwan. Such labor
regulations require that the rate of contribution made by an employer to the Labor Pension Fund per month shall not be less than <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c7" decimals="2" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:LaborPensionFundPerMonth" scale="-2" unitRef="pure" id="ixv-45780">6</ix:nonFraction>% of
the worker&#8217;s monthly salaries. Pursuant to the Act, the Company makes monthly contribution equal to <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c7" decimals="2" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:DefinedContributionPlanEmployerMatchingContributionPercent" scale="-2" unitRef="pure" id="ixv-45781">6</ix:nonFraction>% of employees&#8217; salaries
to the employees&#8217; pension fund. The Company has no legal obligation for the benefits beyond the contributions made. The total amounts
for such employee benefits, which were expensed as incurred, were $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c113" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:AccruedEmployeeBenefitsCurrentAndNoncurrent" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45782">11,642</ix:nonFraction> (NTD <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c1" decimals="-5" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:AccruedEmployeeBenefitsCurrentAndNoncurrent" scale="6" unitRef="twd" id="ixv-45783">0.4</ix:nonFraction> million) and $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c2" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:AccruedEmployeeBenefitsCurrentAndNoncurrent" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45784">10,314</ix:nonFraction>&#160;(NTD <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c2" decimals="-5" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:AccruedEmployeeBenefitsCurrentAndNoncurrent" scale="6" unitRef="twd" id="ixv-45785">0.4</ix:nonFraction> million) for the
years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Other than the above, the Company does not provide any other post-retirement or
post-employment benefits.</span></p></ix:continuation>

<p style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c7" continuedAt="_ShareBasedCompensationOptionAndIncentivePlansPolicy-c7_cont_1" escape="true" name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationOptionAndIncentivePlansPolicy" id="ixv-24410"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Stock-based Compensation</span></p></ix:nonNumeric>

<p style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:continuation continuedAt="_ShareBasedCompensationOptionAndIncentivePlansPolicy-c7_cont_2" id="_ShareBasedCompensationOptionAndIncentivePlansPolicy-c7_cont_1"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">The Company measures expense associated with
all employee stock-based compensation awards using a fair value method and recognizes such expense in the consolidated financial statements
on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period in accordance with ASC 718 &#8220;Compensation-Stock Compensation&#8221;.
Total director, officer, and employee stock-based compensation expenses were $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c114" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:EmployeeBenefitsAndShareBasedCompensation" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45786">1,995,049</ix:nonFraction> and $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c115" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:EmployeeBenefitsAndShareBasedCompensation" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45787">0</ix:nonFraction> for the years ended December 31, 2024
and 2023, respectively.</span></p></ix:continuation>

<p style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:continuation id="_ShareBasedCompensationOptionAndIncentivePlansPolicy-c7_cont_2"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">The Company accounted for stock-based compensation
to non-employees in accordance with ASC 718 &#8220;Compensation-Stock Compensation&#8221; and ASC 505-50 &#8220;Equity-Based Payments
to Non-Employees&#8221; which requires that the cost of services received from non-employees is measured at fair value at the earlier
of the performance commitment date or the date service is completed and recognized over the period the service is provided. Total non-employee
stock-based compensation expenses were $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c116" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45788">506,583</ix:nonFraction> for consulting services and $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c116" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:DefinedBenefitPlanServiceCost" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45789">271,828</ix:nonFraction> for rent for the year ended December 31, 2024, and
$<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c117" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45790">185,933</ix:nonFraction>&#160;for consulting services for the year ended December 31, 2023.</span></p></ix:continuation></ix:continuation><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p><div>

</div><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 125; Value: 1 --><div>
    </div><div style="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">F-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->18<!-- Field: /Sequence --></p></div><div>
    </div><div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div><div>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><ix:continuation continuedAt="_SignificantAccountingPoliciesTextBlock-c7_cont_8" id="_SignificantAccountingPoliciesTextBlock-c7_cont_7"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c7" continuedAt="_IncomeTaxPolicyTextBlock-c7_cont_1" escape="true" name="us-gaap:IncomeTaxPolicyTextBlock" id="ixv-24441"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Income Taxes</span></p></ix:nonNumeric>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 40.2pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:continuation continuedAt="_IncomeTaxPolicyTextBlock-c7_cont_2" id="_IncomeTaxPolicyTextBlock-c7_cont_1"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">The Company accounts for income taxes using
the asset and liability approach which allows the recognition and measurement of deferred tax assets to be based upon the likelihood
of realization of tax benefits in future years. Under the asset and liability approach, deferred taxes are provided for the net tax effects
of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used
for income tax purposes. A valuation allowance is provided for deferred tax assets if it is more likely than not these items will expire
before the Company is able to realize their benefits, or future deductibility is uncertain.</span></p></ix:continuation>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:continuation id="_IncomeTaxPolicyTextBlock-c7_cont_2"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">Under ASC 740, a tax position is recognized
as a benefit only if it is &#8220;more likely than not&#8221; that the tax position would be sustained in a tax examination, with a tax
examination being presumed to occur. The evaluation of a tax position is a two-step process. The first step is to determine whether it
is more-likely-than-not that a tax position will be sustained upon examination, including the resolution of any related appeals or litigations
based on the technical merits of that position. The second step is to measure a tax position that meets the more-likely-than-not threshold
to determine the amount of benefits recognized in the financial statements. A tax position is measured at the largest amount of benefit
that is greater than <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c7" decimals="2" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:DefinedBenefitPlanFundedPercentages" scale="-2" unitRef="pure" id="ixv-45791">50</ix:nonFraction> percent likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement. Tax positions that previously failed to meet the more-likely-than-not
recognition threshold should be recognized in the first subsequent period in which the threshold is met. Previously recognized tax positions
that no longer meet the more-likely-than-not criteria should be de-recognized in the first subsequent financial reporting period in which
the threshold is no longer satisfied. Penalties and interest incurred related to underpayment of income tax are classified as income
tax expense in the year incurred. No significant penalty or interest relating to income taxes has been incurred for the years ended December
31, 2024 and 2023. GAAP also provides guidance on de-recognition, classification, interest and penalties, accounting in interim periods,
disclosures and transition.</span></p></ix:continuation>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c7" continuedAt="abvc_ValuationOfDeferredTaxAssetsPolicyTextBlock-c7_cont_1" escape="true" name="abvc:ValuationOfDeferredTaxAssetsPolicyTextBlock" id="ixv-24456"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Valuation of Deferred Tax Assets</span></p></ix:nonNumeric>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:continuation id="abvc_ValuationOfDeferredTaxAssetsPolicyTextBlock-c7_cont_1"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">A valuation allowance is recorded to reduce
the Company&#8217;s deferred tax assets to the amount that is more likely than not to be realized. In assessing the need for the valuation
allowance, management considers, among other things, projections of future taxable income and ongoing prudent and feasible tax planning
strategies. If the Company determines that sufficient negative evidence exists, then it will consider recording a valuation allowance
against a portion or all of the deferred tax assets in that jurisdiction. If, after recording a valuation allowance, the Company&#8217;s
projections of future taxable income and other positive evidence considered in evaluating the need for a valuation allowance prove, with
the benefit of hindsight, to be inaccurate, it could prove to be more difficult to support the realization of its deferred tax assets.
As a result, an additional valuation allowance could be required, which would have an adverse impact on its effective income tax rate
and results. Conversely, if, after recording a valuation allowance, the Company determines that sufficient positive evidence exists in
the jurisdiction in which the valuation allowance was recorded, it may reverse a portion or all of the valuation allowance in that jurisdiction.
In such situations, the adjustment made to the deferred tax asset would have a favorable impact on its effective income tax rate and
results in the period such determination was made.</span></p></ix:continuation>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c7" continuedAt="_EarningsPerSharePolicyTextBlock-c7_cont_1" escape="true" name="us-gaap:EarningsPerSharePolicyTextBlock" id="ixv-24466"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Loss Per Share of Common Stock</span></p></ix:nonNumeric>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:continuation id="_EarningsPerSharePolicyTextBlock-c7_cont_1"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">The Company calculates net loss per share
in accordance with ASC 260, &#8220;Earnings per Share&#8221;. Basic loss per share is computed by dividing the net loss by the weighted
average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted loss per share is computed similar to basic loss per share except
that the denominator is increased to include the number of additional common shares that would have been outstanding if the potential
common stock equivalents had been issued and if the additional common shares were dilutive. Diluted earnings per share excludes all dilutive
potential shares if their effect is anti-dilutive.</span></p></ix:continuation>


<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c7" continuedAt="_CommitmentsAndContingenciesPolicyTextBlock-c7_cont_1" escape="true" name="us-gaap:CommitmentsAndContingenciesPolicyTextBlock" id="ixv-24476"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Commitments and Contingencies</span></p></ix:nonNumeric>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:continuation id="_CommitmentsAndContingenciesPolicyTextBlock-c7_cont_1"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">The Company has adopted ASC 450 &#8220;Contingencies&#8221;
subtopic 20, in determining its accruals and disclosures with respect to loss contingencies. Accordingly, estimated losses from loss
contingencies are accrued by a charge to income when information available before financial statements are issued or are available to
be issued indicates that it is probable that an asset had been impaired or a liability had been incurred at the date of the financial
statements and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. Legal expenses associated with the contingency are expensed as incurred.
If a loss contingency is not probable or reasonably estimable, disclosure of the loss contingency is made in the financial statements
when it is at least reasonably possible that a material loss could be incurred.</span></p></ix:continuation>


<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c7" continuedAt="_ForeignCurrencyTransactionsAndTranslationsPolicyTextBlock-c7_cont_1" escape="true" name="us-gaap:ForeignCurrencyTransactionsAndTranslationsPolicyTextBlock" id="ixv-24486"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Foreign-currency Transactions</span></p></ix:nonNumeric>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

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the foreign-currency transactions are recorded in New Taiwan Dollars (&#8220;NTD&#8221;) at the rates of exchange in effect when the
transactions occur. Gains or losses resulting from the application of different foreign exchange rates when cash in foreign currency
is converted into NTD, or when foreign-currency receivables or payables are settled, are credited or charged to income in the year of
conversion or settlement. On the balance sheet dates, the balances of foreign-currency assets and liabilities are restated at the prevailing
exchange rates and the resulting differences are charged to current income except for those foreign currencies denominated investments
in shares of stock where such differences are accounted for as translation adjustments under the Statements of Changes in Stockholders&#8217;
Equity.</span></p></ix:continuation></ix:continuation><div>


</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 126; Value: 1 --><div>
    </div><div style="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">F-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->19<!-- Field: /Sequence --></p></div><div>
    </div><div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div><div>
    </div><!-- Field: /Page --><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><ix:continuation continuedAt="_SignificantAccountingPoliciesTextBlock-c7_cont_9" id="_SignificantAccountingPoliciesTextBlock-c7_cont_8"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c7" continuedAt="_SegmentReportingPolicyPolicyTextBlock-c7_cont_1" escape="true" name="us-gaap:SegmentReportingPolicyPolicyTextBlock" id="ixv-24510"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Segment Reporting</span></p></ix:nonNumeric>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:continuation continuedAt="_SegmentReportingPolicyPolicyTextBlock-c7_cont_2" id="_SegmentReportingPolicyPolicyTextBlock-c7_cont_1"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">ASC 280 &#8220;Segment Reporting&#8221; requires
public companies to report financial and descriptive information about their reportable operating segments. The Company identifies the
operating segments based on how the chief operating decision maker internally evaluates separate financial information, business activities
and management responsibility.</span></p></ix:continuation>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:continuation continuedAt="_SegmentReportingPolicyPolicyTextBlock-c7_cont_3" id="_SegmentReportingPolicyPolicyTextBlock-c7_cont_2"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">The Company currently has&#160;<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c7" decimals="0" format="ixt-sec:numwordsen" name="us-gaap:NumberOfReportableSegments" scale="0" unitRef="pure" id="ixv-45792">one</ix:nonFraction>&#160;reportable
segment and assets are reviewed on a consolidated basis. As such, segment data is not provided.</span></p></ix:continuation>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c7" escape="true" name="us-gaap:ScheduleOfSegmentReportingInformationBySegmentTextBlock" id="ixv-24525"><ix:continuation continuedAt="_SegmentReportingPolicyPolicyTextBlock-c7_cont_4" id="_SegmentReportingPolicyPolicyTextBlock-c7_cont_3"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">The following tables present revenue and gross
profit information for each of our only reportable segment:</span></p></ix:continuation>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:continuation continuedAt="_SegmentReportingPolicyPolicyTextBlock-c7_cont_5" id="_SegmentReportingPolicyPolicyTextBlock-c7_cont_4"><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-size: 12pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">For The Years Ended<br/>
    December 31</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  </table></ix:continuation></ix:nonNumeric>


<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:continuation continuedAt="_SegmentReportingPolicyPolicyTextBlock-c7_cont_6" id="_SegmentReportingPolicyPolicyTextBlock-c7_cont_5"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">The following table provides a reconciliation
of total segment gross profit to the Company&#8217;s loss before provision for income tax:</span></p></ix:continuation>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c7" escape="true" name="us-gaap:ReconciliationOfOtherSignificantReconcilingItemsFromSegmentsToConsolidatedTextBlock" id="ixv-24660"><ix:continuation id="_SegmentReportingPolicyPolicyTextBlock-c7_cont_6"><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-size: 12pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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    December 31</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-size: 12pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
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    <td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 12pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c7" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45803">2,261,336</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">Research and development expenses</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c7" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45805">179,272</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">Stock-based compensation</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c7" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensation" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45807">2,773,460</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">Add (Less):</span></td><td style="font-size: 12pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 12pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">Interest income</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c7" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:InvestmentIncomeInterest" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45809">87,358</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c8" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:InvestmentIncomeInterest" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45810">185,481</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">Interest expense</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">(<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c7" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:InterestExpenseNonoperating" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45811">825,899</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">)</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">(<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c8" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:InterestExpenseNonoperating" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45812">1,313,671</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">Operating sublease income</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c7" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:SubleaseIncome" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45813">48,478</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c8" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:SubleaseIncome" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45814">65,900</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">Gain (loss) on foreign exchange changes</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">(<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c7" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossBeforeTax" scale="0" sign="-" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45815">25,135</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">)</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c8" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossBeforeTax" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45816">22,690</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">(<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c7" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:GainLossOnInvestments" scale="0" sign="-" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45817">339,171</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">)</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">(<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c8" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:GainLossOnInvestments" scale="0" sign="-" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45818">221,888</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">Write off unclaimed accrued liabilities</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c7" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:WriteOffUnclaimedAccruedLiabilites" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45819">255,592</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c7" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:OtherNonoperatingIncomeExpense" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45820">134,443</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c8" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:OtherNonoperatingIncomeExpense" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45821">3,384</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">Loss before provision for income tax</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">(<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c7" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest" scale="0" sign="-" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45822">5,369,576</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">)</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">(<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c8" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest" scale="0" sign="-" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45823">8,024,838</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">)</span></td></tr>
  </table></ix:continuation></ix:nonNumeric>


<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c7" continuedAt="_NewAccountingPronouncementsPolicyPolicyTextBlock-c7_cont_1" escape="true" name="us-gaap:NewAccountingPronouncementsPolicyPolicyTextBlock" id="ixv-24957"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Recent Accounting Pronouncements</span></p></ix:nonNumeric>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:continuation continuedAt="_NewAccountingPronouncementsPolicyPolicyTextBlock-c7_cont_2" id="_NewAccountingPronouncementsPolicyPolicyTextBlock-c7_cont_1"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">In August 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-05,
Business Combinations&#8212;Joint Venture Formations (Subtopic 805-60) which requires certain joint ventures to apply a new basis of
accounting upon formation by recognizing and initially measuring most of their assets and liabilities at fair value. The guidance does
not apply to joint ventures that may be proportionately consolidated and those that are collaborative arrangements. ASU 2023-05 is effective
for joint venture with a formation date on or after January 1, 2025, early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating
the impact that the standard will have on its unaudited consolidated financial statements.</span></p></ix:continuation>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:continuation continuedAt="_NewAccountingPronouncementsPolicyPolicyTextBlock-c7_cont_3" id="_NewAccountingPronouncementsPolicyPolicyTextBlock-c7_cont_2"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No.
2023-09, Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures (Topic 740). The ASU requires disaggregated information about a reporting entity&#8217;s
effective tax rate reconciliation as well as additional information on income taxes paid. The ASU is effective on a prospective basis
for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is also permitted for annual financial statements that have not
yet been issued or made available for issuance. This ASU will likely result in the required additional disclosures being included in
our consolidated financial statements once adopted.</span></p></ix:continuation></ix:continuation><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27.75pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p><div>

</div><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 127; Value: 1 --><div>
    </div><div style="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">F-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->20<!-- Field: /Sequence --></p></div><div>
    </div><div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div><div>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><ix:continuation id="_SignificantAccountingPoliciesTextBlock-c7_cont_9"><ix:continuation id="_NewAccountingPronouncementsPolicyPolicyTextBlock-c7_cont_3"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU No.
2024-03, Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40). The ASU requires disclosure of specified information about certain costs
and expenses. This includes purchases of inventory, employee compensation, depreciation, and intangible asset amortization.&#160; The
ASU is effective on a prospective or retrospective basis for annual reporting period beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim reporting
period beginning after December 15, 2027. Early adoption is permitted. This ASU will likely result in the required additional disclosures
being included in our consolidated financial statements once adopted.</span></p></ix:continuation></ix:continuation><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c7" continuedAt="_CollaborativeArrangementDisclosureTextBlock-c7_cont_1" escape="true" name="us-gaap:CollaborativeArrangementDisclosureTextBlock" id="ixv-24995"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b style="-keep: true">4. COLLABORATIVE AGREEMENTS</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b style="-keep: true">&#160;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b style="-keep: true"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Collaborative agreements with BHK, a
related party</span></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>(i)</b></span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On February 24, 2015,
    BioLite Taiwan and BioHopeKing Corporation (the &#8220;BHK&#8221;) entered into a co-development agreement, (the &#8220;BHK Co-Development
    Agreement&#8221;), pursuant to which it is collaborative with BHK to develop and commercialize BLI-1401-2 (Botanical Drug) Triple
    Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) Combination Therapy (BLI-1401-2 Products) in Asian countries excluding Japan for all related intellectual
    property rights, and has developed it for medicinal use in collaboration with outside researchers. The development costs shall be
    shared 50/50 between BHK and the Company. The BHK Co-Development Agreement will remain in effect for fifteen years from the date
    of first commercial sale of the Product in in Asia excluding Japan.</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c124" continuedAt="_LongTermPurchaseCommitmentMilestones-c124_cont_1" name="us-gaap:LongTermPurchaseCommitmentMilestones" id="ixv-25016"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">On July 27, 2016, BioLite Taiwan and BHK agreed
to amend the payment terms of the milestone payment in an aggregate amount of $10 million based on the following schedule:</span></p></ix:nonNumeric>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:continuation continuedAt="_LongTermPurchaseCommitmentMilestones-c124_cont_2" id="_LongTermPurchaseCommitmentMilestones-c124_cont_1"><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Upon the signing of
    the BHK Co-Development Agreement: $1 million, or 10% of total payment</span></td></tr>
  </table></ix:continuation>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:continuation continuedAt="_LongTermPurchaseCommitmentMilestones-c124_cont_3" id="_LongTermPurchaseCommitmentMilestones-c124_cont_2"><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Upon the first Investigational
    New Drug (IND) submission and BioLite Taiwan will deliver all data to BHK according to FDA Reviewing requirement: $1 million, or
    10% of total payment</span></td></tr>
  </table></ix:continuation>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:continuation continuedAt="_LongTermPurchaseCommitmentMilestones-c124_cont_4" id="_LongTermPurchaseCommitmentMilestones-c124_cont_3"><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">At the completion of
    first phase II clinical trial: $1 million, or 10% of total payment</span></td></tr>
  </table></ix:continuation>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:continuation continuedAt="_LongTermPurchaseCommitmentMilestones-c124_cont_5" id="_LongTermPurchaseCommitmentMilestones-c124_cont_4"><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">At the initiation of
    phase III of clinical trial research: $3 million, or 30% of total payment</span></td></tr>
  </table></ix:continuation>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:continuation id="_LongTermPurchaseCommitmentMilestones-c124_cont_5"><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Upon the New Drug Application
    (NDA) submission: $4 million, or 40% of total payment</span></td></tr>
  </table></ix:continuation>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">In December 2015, BHK has paid a non-refundable
upfront cash payment of $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c125" decimals="-6" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:NonrefundableUpfrontCashPayment" scale="6" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45824">1</ix:nonFraction> million, or <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c125" decimals="2" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:PercentageOfPaymentsUnderCodevelopmentAgreement" scale="-2" unitRef="pure" id="ixv-45825">10</ix:nonFraction>% of $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c125" decimals="-5" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:IssuanceOfStockValue" scale="6" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45826">10.0</ix:nonFraction> million, upon the signing of BHK Co-Development Agreement. The Company concluded
that the deliverables are considered separate units of accounting as the delivered items have value to the customer on a standalone basis
and recognized this cash receipt as collaboration revenue when all research, technical, and development data was delivered to BHK in
2015. The receipt is for the compensation of past research efforts and contributions made by BioLite Taiwan before this collaborative
agreement was signed and it does not relate to any future commitments made by BioLite Taiwan and BHK in this collaborative agreement.
In August 2016, the Company has received the second milestone payment of <span style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-264">NTD31,649,000</span>, approximately equivalent to $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c126" decimals="-6" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:IssuanceOfStockValue" scale="6" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45827">1</ix:nonFraction> million, and recognized
collaboration revenue for the year ended December 31, 2016. As of the date of this report, the Company has not completed the first phase
II clinical trial.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">In addition to the milestone payments, BioLite
Taiwan is entitled to receive royalty on <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c7" decimals="2" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:MilestonePaymentsRoyaltyPercentage" scale="-2" unitRef="pure" id="ixv-45828">12</ix:nonFraction>% of BHK&#8217;s net sales related to BLI-1401-2 Products. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023,
the Company has not earned the royalty under the BHK Co-Development Agreement.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">(ii) On December 9, 2015, BioLite Taiwan entered
into another two collaborative agreements (the &#8220;BHK Collaborative Agreements&#8221;), pursuant to which it is collaborative with
BHK to co-develop and commercialize BLI-1005 for &#8220;Targeting Major Depressive Disorder&#8221; (BLI-1005 Products) and BLI-1006 for
&#8220;Targeting Inflammatory Bowel Disease&#8221; (BLI-1006 Products) in Asia excluding Japan for all related intellectual property
rights, and has developed it for medicinal use in collaboration with outside researchers. The development costs shall be shared 50/50
between BHK and the Company. The BHK Co-Development Agreement will remain in effect for fifteen years from the date of first commercial
sale of the Product in in Asia excluding Japan.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">In 2015, the Company recognized the cash receipt
in a total of <span style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-265">NTD50 million</span>, approximately equivalent to $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c128" decimals="-5" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:CashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue" scale="6" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45829">1.6</ix:nonFraction> million, as collaboration revenue when all research, technical, and development
data was delivered to BHK. The Company concluded that the deliverables are considered separate units of accounting as the delivered items
have value to the customer on a standalone basis and recognized this payment as collaboration revenue when all research, technical, data
and development data was delivered to BHK. The cash receipt is for the compensation of past research efforts and contributions made by
BioLite Taiwan before this BHK Collaborative Agreements was signed and it does not relate to any future commitments made by BioLite Taiwan
and BHK in this BHK Collaborative Agreements.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">In addition to the total of <span style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-266">NTD50 million</span>,
approximately equivalent to $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c130" decimals="-5" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:CashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue" scale="6" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45830">1.6</ix:nonFraction> million, BioLite Taiwan is entitled to receive <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c129" decimals="2" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:NetSalesProfitPercentage" scale="-2" unitRef="pure" id="ixv-45831">50</ix:nonFraction>% of the future net licensing income or net sales profit.
As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company has not earned the royalty under the BHK Collaborative Agreements.</span></p></ix:nonNumeric><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p><div>

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    </div><!-- Field: /Page --><div>



</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><ix:continuation continuedAt="_CollaborativeArrangementDisclosureTextBlock-c7_cont_2" id="_CollaborativeArrangementDisclosureTextBlock-c7_cont_1"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b style="-keep: true"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Co-Development agreement with Rgene
Corporation, a related party</span></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">On May 26, 2017, the Company through its subsidiary,
BriVision, entered into a co-development agreement (the &#8220;Co-Dev Agreement&#8221;) with Rgene Corporation (the &#8220;Rgene&#8221;),
a related party under common control by controlling beneficiary shareholder of YuanGene Corporation and the Company (See Note 12). Pursuant
to Co-Dev Agreement, the Company and Rgene agreed to co-develop and commercialize ABV-1507 HER2/neu Positive Breast Cancer Combination
Therapy, ABV-1511 Pancreatic Cancer Combination Therapy and ABV-1527 Ovary Cancer Combination Therapy. Under the terms of the Co-Dev
Agreement, Rgene is required to&#160;pay the Company $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c131" decimals="-5" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:PaymentsForParticipationLiabilities" scale="6" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45832">3.0</ix:nonFraction> million in cash or stock of Rgene with equivalent value by August 15, 2017.
The payment is for the compensation of the Company&#8217;s past research efforts and contributions before the Co-Dev Agreement was signed
and it does not relate to any future commitments made by the Company and Rgene in this Co-Dev Agreement. In addition to $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c132" decimals="-5" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:AdditionCashPayment" scale="6" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45833">3.0</ix:nonFraction> million,
the Company is entitled to receive <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c132" decimals="2" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:PercentageOfPaymentsUnderCodevelopmentAgreement" scale="-2" unitRef="pure" id="ixv-45834">50</ix:nonFraction>% of the future net licensing income or net sales profit earned by Rgene, if any, and any development
costs shall be equally shared by both the Company and Rgene.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">On June 1, 2017, the Company has delivered
all research, technical, data and development data to Rgene. Since both Rgene and the Company are related parties and under common control
by a controlling beneficiary shareholder of YuanGene Corporation and the Company, the Company has recorded the full amount of $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c133" decimals="-5" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:AdditionalPaidInCapitalCommonStock" scale="6" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45835">3.0</ix:nonFraction> million
in connection with the Co-Dev Agreement as additional paid-in capital during the year ended December 31, 2017. During the year ended
December 31, 2017, the Company has received $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c133" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:Cash" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45836">450,000</ix:nonFraction> in cash. On December 24, 2018, the Company received the remaining balance of $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c134" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssues" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45837">2,550,000</ix:nonFraction>
in the form of newly issued shares of Rgene&#8217;s Common Stock, at the price of NTD50 per share (approximately equivalent to $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c135" decimals="2" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:SharesIssuedPricePerShare" scale="0" unitRef="usdPershares" id="ixv-45838">1.60</ix:nonFraction>
per share), for an aggregate number of <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c136" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:EquityMethodLongTermInvestment" scale="0" unitRef="shares" id="ixv-45839">1,530,000</ix:nonFraction> shares, which accounted for equity method long-term investment as of December 31, 2018.
On December 31, 2018, the Company determined to fully write off this investment based on the Company&#8217;s assessment of the severity
and duration of the impairment, and qualitative and quantitative analysis of the operating performance of the investee, adverse changes
in market conditions and the regulatory or economic environment, changes in operating structure of Rgene, additional funding requirements,
and Rgene&#8217;s ability to remain in business. All projects that have been initiated will be managed and supported by the Company and
Rgene.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">The Company and Rgene signed an amendment
to the Co-Dev Agreement on November 10, 2020, pursuant to which both parties agreed to delete AB-1507 HER2/neu Positive Breast Cancer
Combination Therapy and AB 1527 Ovary Cancer Combination Therapy and add ABV-1519 EGFR Positive Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Combination
Therapy and ABV-1526 Large Intestine / Colon / Rectal Cancer Combination Therapy to the products to be co-developed and commercialized.
Other provisions of the Co-Dev Agreement remain in full force and effect.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">On June 10, 2022, the Company expanded its
co-development partnership with Rgene. On that date, BioKey, ABVC has entered into a Clinical Development Service Agreement with Rgene
to guide three Rgene drug products, RGC-1501 for the treatment of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC), RGC-1502 for the treatment of pancreatic
cancer and RGC 1503 for the treatment of colorectal cancer patients, through completion of Phase II clinical studies under the U.S. FDA
IND regulatory requirements. Under the terms of the new Services Agreement, BioKey is eligible to receive payments totaling $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c137" decimals="-5" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:ServiceAgreementEligibilityAmount" scale="6" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45840">3.0</ix:nonFraction> million
over a <ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c138" format="ixt-sec:duryear" name="abvc:MilestoneRegulatoryPaymentAmountPeriod" id="ixv-45841">3</ix:nonNumeric>-year period with each payment amount to be determined by certain regulatory milestones obtained during the agreement period.
The Service Agreement shall remain in effect until the expiration date of the last patent and automatically renew for 5 more years unless
terminated earlier by either party with six months written notice. Either party may terminate the Service Agreement for cause by providing
30 days written notice.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">Through a series of transactions over the
past 5 years, the Company and Rgene have co-developed the three drug products covered by the Service Agreement, which has resulted in
the Company owning <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c139" decimals="4" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage" scale="-2" unitRef="pure" id="ixv-45842">31.62</ix:nonFraction>% of Rgene.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">As part of the Rgene Studies, the Company
agreed to loan $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c140" decimals="-5" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:LoansPayable" scale="6" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45843">1.0</ix:nonFraction> million to Rgene, for which Rgene has provided the Company with a <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c7" decimals="2" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:WorkingCapitalConvertibleLoanPercentage" scale="-2" unitRef="pure" id="ixv-45844">5</ix:nonFraction>% working capital convertible loan (the &#8220;Note&#8221;).
If the Note is fully converted, the Company will own an additional <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c141" decimals="3" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage" scale="-2" unitRef="pure" id="ixv-45845">6.4</ix:nonFraction>% of Rgene. The Company is expected to receive the outstanding
loan from the related party by the first half of 2025, either by cash or conversion of shares of Rgene. The Company may convert the Note
at any time into shares of Rgene&#8217;s common stock at either (i) a fixed conversion price equal to $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c1" decimals="2" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:PreferredStockConvertibleConversionPrice" scale="0" unitRef="usdPershares" id="ixv-45846">1.00</ix:nonFraction> per share or (ii) <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c142" decimals="2" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage" scale="-2" unitRef="pure" id="ixv-45847">20</ix:nonFraction>% discount
of the stock price of the then most recent offering, whichever is lower; the conversion price is subject to adjustment as set forth in
the Note. The Note includes standard events of default, as well as a cross default provision pursuant to which a breach of the Service
Agreement will trigger an event of default under the Note if not cured after 5 business days of written notice regarding the breach is
provided. Upon an event of default, the outstanding principal and any accrued and unpaid interest shall be immediately due and payable.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">The Service Agreement shall remain in effect
until the expiration date of the last patent and automatically renew for 5 more years unless terminated earlier by either party with
six months written notice. Either party may terminate the Service Agreement for cause by providing 30 days written notice.</span></p></ix:continuation><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><ix:continuation continuedAt="_CollaborativeArrangementDisclosureTextBlock-c7_cont_3" id="_CollaborativeArrangementDisclosureTextBlock-c7_cont_2"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">Rgene has further agreed, effective July 1,
2022, to provide the Company with a seat on Rgene&#8217;s Board of Directors until the loan is repaid in full. The Company has nominated
Dr. Jiang, its Chief Strategy Officer and Director to occupy that seat; Dr. Jiang is also one of the Company&#8217;s largest shareholders,
owning <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c143" decimals="3" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:EquityMethodInvestmentsOwnershipPercentage" scale="-2" unitRef="pure" id="ixv-45848">12.8</ix:nonFraction>% of the Company.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">The Rgene Studies is a related party transaction.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b style="-keep: true"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Collaborative agreement with BioFirst
Corporation, a related party</span></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">On July 24, 2017, the Company through its
subsidiary, BriVision, entered into a collaborative agreement (the &#8220;BioFirst Collaborative Agreement&#8221;) with BioFirst Corporation
(&#8220;BioFirst&#8221;), pursuant to which BioFirst granted the Company the global licensing right for medical use of the product (the
&#8220;Product&#8221;): BFC-1401 Vitreous Substitute for Vitrectomy. BioFirst is a related party to the Company because a controlling
beneficiary shareholder of YuanGene Corporation and the Company is one of the directors and Common Stock shareholders of BioFirst (See
Note 10).</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">Pursuant to the BioFirst Collaborative Agreement,
the Company will co-develop and commercialize the Product with BioFirst and pay BioFirst in a total amount of $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c144" decimals="-5" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:IssuanceOfStockValue" scale="6" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45849">3.0</ix:nonFraction> million in cash or
stock of the Company before September 30, 2018. The amount of $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c145" decimals="-5" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:PaymentsForParticipationLiabilities" scale="6" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45850">3.0</ix:nonFraction> million is in connection with the compensation for BioFirst&#8217;s
past research efforts and contributions made by BioFirst before the BioFirst Collaborative Agreement was signed and it does not relate
to any future commitments in this BioFirst Collaborative Agreement. In addition, the Company is entitled to receive <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c145" decimals="2" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:PercentageOfPaymentsUnderCodevelopmentAgreement" scale="-2" unitRef="pure" id="ixv-45851">50</ix:nonFraction>% of the future
net licensing income or net sales profit, if any, and any development cost shall be equally shared by both the Company and BioFirst.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">On September 25, 2017, BioFirst has delivered
all research, technical, data and development data to the Company. The Company determined to fully expense the entire amount of $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c146" decimals="-5" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:CostOfGoodsAndServicesSold" scale="6" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45852">3.0</ix:nonFraction>
millionsince currently the related licensing rights do not have alternative future uses. According to ASC 730-10-25-1, absent alternative
future uses the acquisition of product rights to be used in research and development activities must be charged to research and development
expenses immediately. Hence, the entire amount of $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c147" decimals="-5" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:OtherResearchAndDevelopmentExpense" scale="6" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45853">3.0</ix:nonFraction> million is fully expensed as research and development expense during the year
ended December 31, 2017.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">On June 30, 2019, BriVision entered into a
Stock Purchase Agreement (the &#8220;Purchase Agreement&#8221;) with BioFirst. Pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, the Company issued
<span style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-267">42,857 shares</span> (post-split) of the Company&#8217;s common stock to BioFirst in consideration for $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c148" decimals="-5" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationAsset1" scale="6" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45854">3.0</ix:nonFraction> million owed by the Company to BioFirst
(the &#8220;Total Payment&#8221;) in connection with BioFirst Collaborative Agreement.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">On August 5, 2019, BriVision entered into
a second Stock Purchase Agreement (&#8220;Purchase Agreement 2&#8221;) with BioFirst. Pursuant to Purchase Agreement 2, the Company issued
<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c149" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockSplits" scale="0" unitRef="shares" id="ixv-45855">41,470</ix:nonFraction> shares (post-split) of the Company&#8217;s common stock to BioFirst in consideration for $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c149" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationAsset1" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45856">2,902,911</ix:nonFraction> owed by the Company to BioFirst
in connection with a loan provided to BriVision from BioFirst.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-keep: true">On November 4, 2020, the Company executed
an amendment to the BioFirst Collaborative Agreement to add ABV-2001 Intraocular Irrigation Solution and ABV-2002 Corneal Storage Solution
to the agreement. ABV-2002 is utilized during a corneal transplant procedure to replace a damaged or diseased cornea while ABV-2001 has
broader utilization during a variety of ocular procedures.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">Initially the Company will focus on ABV-2002,
a solution utilized to store a donor cornea prior to either penetrating keratoplasty (full thickness cornea transplant) or endothelial
keratoplasty (back layer cornea transplant). ABV-2002 is a solution comprised of a specific poly amino acid that protects ocular tissue
from damage caused by external osmolarity exposure during pre-surgery storage. The specific polymer in ABV-2002 can adjust osmolarity
to maintain a range of 330 to 390 mOsM thereby permitting hydration within the corneal stroma during the storage period. Stromal hydration
results in (a) maintaining acceptable corneal transparency and (b) prevents donor cornea swelling. ABV-2002 also contains an abundant
phenolic phytochemical found in plant cell walls that provides antioxidant antibacterial properties and neuroprotection.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">Early testing by BioFirst indicates that ABV-2002
may be more effective for protecting the cornea and retina during long-term storage than other storage media available today and can
be manufactured at lower cost. Further ABV-2002 product development was put on hold due the lack of funding.</span></p></ix:continuation><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p><div>

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    </div><div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div><div>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><ix:continuation continuedAt="_CollaborativeArrangementDisclosureTextBlock-c7_cont_4" id="_CollaborativeArrangementDisclosureTextBlock-c7_cont_3"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">In addition, BioFirst was incorporated on
November 7, 2006, focusing on the R&amp;D, manufacturing, and sales of innovative patented pharmaceutical products. The technology of
BioFirst comes from the global exclusive licensing from domestic R &amp; D institutions. Currently, the main research and development
product is the vitreous substitute (Vitargus&#174;) Licensed by the National Health Research Institutes. Vitargus is the world&#8217;s
first bio-degradable vitreous substitute and offers a number of advantages over current vitreous substitutes by minimizing medical complications
and reducing the need for additional surgeries.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">BioFirst has started the construction of a
GMP factory in Hsinchu Biomedical Science Park, Taiwan, with the aim at building a production base to supply the global market, and promote
the construction of bio-degradable vitreous substitute manufacturing centers in Taiwan. Completion of this factory would allow ABVC to
manufacture Vitargus with world-class technology in a GMP certified pharmaceutical factory. BioFirst is targeting to complete the construction
in 2025.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">As of December 31, 2024, the Company has not
earned any net licensing income or net sales profit earned by BioFirst under these collaborative agreements.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b style="-keep: true"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Collaborative agreement with ForSeeCon
Eye Corporation, a related party</span></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">On March 25, 2024, the Company and BioFirst
each entered into a twenty-year, global definitive licensing agreement (the &#8220;FEYE Licensing Agreement&#8221;) with ForSeeCon Eye
Corporation, a company registered in the British Virgin Islands (&#8220;FEYE&#8221;) for the products in the Company and BioFirst&#8217;s
Ophthalmology pipeline, including Vitargus (the &#8220;Vitargus Products&#8221;). The license covers the Vitargus Products&#8217; clinical
trial, registration, manufacturing, supply, and distribution rights; FEYE also has the rights to sublicense or partner with a third party
to develop the Licensed Products. As per each of the respective FEYE Licensing Agreements, each of the Company and BioFirst shall receive
a total licensing fee of $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c150" decimals="-5" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:TaxesAndLicenses" scale="6" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45857">33.5</ix:nonFraction> million, composed of an upfront payment of $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c151" decimals="-6" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:PrepaymentFeesOnAdvancesNet" scale="6" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45858">30</ix:nonFraction> million, which can instead be paid with <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c152" decimals="-6" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:SharesIssued" scale="6" unitRef="shares" id="ixv-45859">5</ix:nonFraction> million shares
of FEYE stock at $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c153" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:SaleOfStockPricePerShare" scale="0" unitRef="usdPershares" id="ixv-45860">6</ix:nonFraction> per share within 30 days after the execution of the FEYE Licensing Agreement, and a $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c150" decimals="-5" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:MilestoneRegulatoryPaymentAmount" scale="6" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45861">3.5</ix:nonFraction> million cash milestone payment,
due 30 days upon completion of next round fundraising. Additionally, each of the Company and BioFirst are eligible to receive royalties
of <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c153" decimals="2" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:RoyaltiesPercentage" scale="-2" unitRef="pure" id="ixv-45862">5</ix:nonFraction>% of net sales.&#160;As of December 31, 2024, the Company received <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c154" decimals="-6" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:ReceivedShares" scale="6" unitRef="shares" id="ixv-45863">5</ix:nonFraction> million FEYE shares but did not recognize such licensing revenue
since the fair value of FEYE stock is uncertain.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">On June 18, 2024, the Company and BioFirst,
each entered into an amendment (the <span style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal">&#8220;Amendment&#8221;) t</span>o the Licensing
Agreement with FEYE, pursuant to which the Company and BioFirst have agreed to allow FEYE to pay the second milestone payment in the
amount of $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c155" decimals="-5" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:MilestoneRegulatoryPaymentAmount" scale="6" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45864">3.5</ix:nonFraction> million per Licensing Agreement, incrementally (such as $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c156" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:LicensingAgreement" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45865">100,000</ix:nonFraction>), at any given time, rather than in one lump sum. During
year ended December 31, 2024, the Company received in cash and recognized revenue of $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c1" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:ContractWithCustomerLiabilityNoncurrent" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45866">296,000</ix:nonFraction>, respectively, pursuant to the Amendment.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b style="-keep: true"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Collaborative agreement with OncoX BiopPharma,
Inc., a related party</span></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">On April 16, 2024, the Company entered into
a definitive agreement with OncoX BioPharma, Inc., a private company registered in the British Virgin Islands (&#8220;Oncox&#8221;),
pursuant to which the Company will grant Oncox an exclusive right to develop and commercialize ABVC&#8217;s single-herb botanical drug
extract from the dry fruit body of Maitake Mushroom (Grifola Frondosa) for treatment of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (the &#8220;Lung Cancer
Products&#8221;), within North America for 20 years (the &#8220;April 2024 Oncox Agreement&#8221;). In consideration thereof, Oncox shall
pay ABVC $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c157" decimals="-4" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:ConsiderationPaidForAgreement" scale="6" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45867">6.25</ix:nonFraction> million (or <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c157" decimals="-4" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockSplits" scale="6" unitRef="shares" id="ixv-45868">1.25</ix:nonFraction> million Oncox shares valued at $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c158" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:SharesIssuedPricePerShare" scale="0" unitRef="usdPershares" id="ixv-45869">5</ix:nonFraction> per share) 30 days after entering into the agreement and $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c157" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:AdditionalMilestonePaymentInCash" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45870">625,000</ix:nonFraction>,
30 days following the completion of Oncox&#8217;s next round of fundraising, of which there is no guarantee; ABVC is also entitled to
<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c157" decimals="2" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:MilestonePaymentsRoyaltyPercentage" scale="-2" unitRef="pure" id="ixv-45871">5</ix:nonFraction>% royalties based on the net sales, as defined in the April 2024 Oncox Agreement, from the first commercial sale of the Lung Cancer
Product in North America, of which there can be no guarantee. Oncox entered into another agreement with ABVC&#8217;s affiliate, Rgene
Corporation, on the same terms. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company received in cash and recognized revenue of $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c7" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:DeferredRevenueRevenueRecognized1" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45872">200,000</ix:nonFraction>
pursuant to the agreement. At the time of transferring the license, the Company also received <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c159" decimals="-4" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:NumberOfSharesReceived" scale="6" unitRef="shares" id="ixv-45873">1.25</ix:nonFraction> million OncoX shares but did not recognize
such licensing revenue since the fair value of Oncox stock is uncertain.</span></p></ix:continuation><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p><div>

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    </div><div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div><div>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><ix:continuation id="_CollaborativeArrangementDisclosureTextBlock-c7_cont_4"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">On May 8, 2024, the Company entered into a
definitive agreement with OncoX, pursuant to which the Company will grant Oncox an exclusive right to develop and commercialize ABVC&#8217;s
BLEX 404 single-herb botanical drug extract from the dry fruit body of Maitake Mushroom (Grifola Frondosa) for treatment of Pancreatic
(the Pancreatic Product), within a certain territory, specified as <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c160" decimals="2" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:PercentageOfDevelopAndCommercialize" scale="-2" unitRef="pure" id="ixv-45874">50</ix:nonFraction>% of the Worldwide Markets for 20 years (the &#8220;May 8, 2024
Oncox Agreement&#8221;). In consideration thereof, Oncox shall pay ABVC a total of $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c160" decimals="-4" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:ConsiderationPaidForAgreement" scale="6" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45875">6.25</ix:nonFraction> million (or <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c160" decimals="-4" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockSplits" scale="6" unitRef="shares" id="ixv-45876">1.25</ix:nonFraction> million Oncox shares valued
at $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c161" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:SharesIssuedPricePerShare" scale="0" unitRef="usdPershares" id="ixv-45877">5</ix:nonFraction> per share) within 30 days of entering into the May 8, 2024 Oncox Agreement, with an additional milestone payment of $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c160" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:AdditionalMilestonePaymentInCash" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45878">625,000</ix:nonFraction> in
cash after OncoX&#8217;s next round of fundraising, of which there can be no guarantee. Oncox may remit cash payments of at least $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c160" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:LicensingFees" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45879">100,000</ix:nonFraction>
towards the licensing fees and deductible from the second milestone payment; ABVC is also entitled to royalties of <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c160" decimals="2" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:MilestonePaymentsRoyaltyPercentage" scale="-2" unitRef="pure" id="ixv-45880">5</ix:nonFraction>% of net sales, as
defined in the May 8, 2024 Oncox Agreement, from the first commercial sale of the Pancreatic Product in the noted territory, which remains
uncertain. The Company will permit Oncox to pay the license fee in installments or in a lump sum and will allow Oncox to use its revenue
to fund such payments. Oncox entered into another agreement with ABVC&#8217;s affiliate, Rgene Corporation, on the same terms. At the
time of transferring the license, the Company also received <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c160" decimals="-4" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:NumberOfSharesReceived" scale="6" unitRef="shares" id="ixv-45881">1.25</ix:nonFraction> million OncoX shares but did not recognize such licensing revenue since
the fair value of Oncox stock is uncertain.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">On May 14, 2024, the Company and its subsidiary,
BioLite Inc (collectively, the &#8220;licensor&#8221;), each entered into a licensing agreement with OncoX, on the same terms, pursuant
to which the licensors will grant Oncox an exclusive right to develop and commercialize ABVC&#8217;s BLEX 404 single-herb botanical drug
extract from the dry fruit body of Maitake Mushroom (Grifola Frondosa) for treatment of Tripple Negative Breast Cancer (the TNBC Product),
within a certain territory, specified as <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c162" decimals="2" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:PercentageOfDevelopAndCommercialize" scale="-2" unitRef="pure" id="ixv-45882">50</ix:nonFraction>% of the Worldwide Markets for 20 years (the &#8220;May 14, 2024 Oncox Agreements&#8221;).
In each agreement for consideration thereof, Oncox shall pay each licensor a total of $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c162" decimals="-4" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:ConsiderationPaidForAgreement" scale="6" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45883">6.25</ix:nonFraction> million (or <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c162" decimals="-4" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockSplits" scale="6" unitRef="shares" id="ixv-45884">1.25</ix:nonFraction> million Oncox shares valued
at $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c163" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:SharesIssuedPricePerShare" scale="0" unitRef="usdPershares" id="ixv-45885">5</ix:nonFraction> per share) within 30 days of entering into the May 14, 2024 Oncox Agreements, with an additional milestone payment of $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c162" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:AdditionalMilestonePaymentInCash" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45886">625,000</ix:nonFraction>
in cash after OncoX&#8217;s next round of fundraising, of which there can be no guarantee. Oncox may remit cash payments of at least
$<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c162" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:LicensingFees" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45887">100,000</ix:nonFraction> towards the licensing fees and deductible from the second milestone payment; each licensor is also entitled to royalties of
<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c162" decimals="2" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:MilestonePaymentsRoyaltyPercentage" scale="-2" unitRef="pure" id="ixv-45888">5</ix:nonFraction>% of net sales, from the first commercial sale of the TNBC Product in the noted territory, which remains uncertain. The Company will
permit Oncox to pay the license fee in installments or in a lump sum and will allow Oncox to use its revenue to fund such payments. At
the time of transferring the license, the Company and BioLite also each received <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c162" decimals="-4" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:NumberOfSharesReceived" scale="6" unitRef="shares" id="ixv-45889">1.25</ix:nonFraction> million OncoX shares but did not recognize such
licensing revenue since the fair value of Oncox stock is uncertain.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">On May 23, 2024, the Company and its subsidiary,
BioLite Inc (collectively, the &#8220;licensor&#8221;), each entered into a licensing agreement with OncoX, on the same terms, pursuant
to which the licensors will grant Oncox an exclusive right to develop and commercialize ABVC&#8217;s BLEX 404 single-herb botanical drug
extract from the dry fruit body of Maitake Mushroom (Grifola Frondosa) for treatment of Myelodysplastic Syndrome (the &#8220;MS Products&#8221;),
within a certain territory, specified as <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c164" decimals="2" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:PercentageOfDevelopAndCommercialize" scale="-2" unitRef="pure" id="ixv-45890">50</ix:nonFraction>% of the Worldwide Markets for 20 years (the &#8220;May 23, 2024 Oncox Agreements&#8221;).
In consideration thereof, Oncox shall pay each licensor a total of $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c164" decimals="-4" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:ConsiderationPaidForAgreement" scale="6" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45891">6.25</ix:nonFraction> million (or <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c164" decimals="-4" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockSplits" scale="6" unitRef="shares" id="ixv-45892">1.25</ix:nonFraction> million Oncox shares valued at $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c165" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:SharesIssuedPricePerShare" scale="0" unitRef="usdPershares" id="ixv-45893">5</ix:nonFraction> per share)
30 days after entering the May 23, 2024 Oncox Agreements, with an additional milestone payment of $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c164" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:AdditionalMilestonePaymentInCash" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45894">625,000</ix:nonFraction> in cash after OncoX&#8217;s
next round of fundraising, of which there can be no guarantee. Oncox may remit cash payments of at least $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c166" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:LicensingFees" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45895">100,000</ix:nonFraction> towards the licensing
fees and deductible from the second milestone payment; each licensor is also entitled to royalties of <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c166" decimals="2" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:MilestonePaymentsRoyaltyPercentage" scale="-2" unitRef="pure" id="ixv-45896">5</ix:nonFraction>% of net sales, from the first
commercial sale of the MS Product in the noted territory, which remains uncertain. Oncox may use its revenue to fund the licensing fees.
At the time of transferring the license, the Company and BioLite also each received <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c166" decimals="-4" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:NumberOfSharesReceived" scale="6" unitRef="shares" id="ixv-45897">1.25</ix:nonFraction> million OncoX shares but did not recognize such
licensing revenue since the fair value of Oncox stock is uncertain.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">Above mentioned p<span>rice
of OncoX&#8217;s shares was determined through private negotiations between the parties; no third-party valuation was completed.</span></span></p></ix:continuation><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c7" continuedAt="_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentDisclosureTextBlock-c7_cont_1" escape="true" name="us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentDisclosureTextBlock" id="ixv-25296"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b style="-keep: true">5. PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT, AND PREPAMENT FOR ASSET ACQUISITION</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b style="-keep: true">&#160;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 23.75pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -23.75pt"><span style="-keep: true">Property
and Equipment</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 23.75pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -23.75pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c7" escape="true" name="us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTextBlock" id="ixv-25305"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">The Company has offices and labs located in
Taiwan, and a GMP manufacturing facility in Fremont, CA. Property and equipment as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 are summarized as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 23.75pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -23.75pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
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    <td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">December&#160;31,<br/>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c169" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45898">338,966</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c170" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45899">363,416</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">Buildings and leasehold improvements</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c173" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45900">2,219,244</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c174" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45901">2,227,431</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">Machinery and equipment</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c175" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45902">1,131,169</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c176" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45903">1,138,675</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">Office equipment</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c177" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45904">163,448</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c178" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45905">174,797</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c1" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45906">3,852,827</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c2" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45907">3,904,319</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">Less: accumulated depreciation</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">(<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c1" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:AccumulatedDepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationPropertyPlantAndEquipment" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45908">3,341,739</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">)</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">(<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c2" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:AccumulatedDepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationPropertyPlantAndEquipment" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45909">3,335,041</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify; padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="-keep: true">Property and equipment, net</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c1" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentOtherNet" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45910">511,088</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c2" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentOtherNet" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45911">569,278</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  </table></ix:nonNumeric></ix:nonNumeric><div>


</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 23.75pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -23.75pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p><div>

</div><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 132; Value: 1 --><div>
    </div><div style="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">F-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->25<!-- Field: /Sequence --></p></div><div>
    </div><div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div><div>
    </div><!-- Field: /Page --><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><ix:continuation id="_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentDisclosureTextBlock-c7_cont_1"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">Depreciation expenses were $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c167" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:Depreciation" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45912">28,627</ix:nonFraction>&#160;and
$<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c168" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:Depreciation" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45913">28,531</ix:nonFraction> for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, Land with book value amounted
to approximately $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c169" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45914">338,966</ix:nonFraction> and $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c170" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45915">363,416</ix:nonFraction>, respectively, were pledged for obtaining bank loan (see Notes 9 Bank loans).</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 23.75pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -23.75pt"><span style="-keep: true">Prepayment
for asset acquisition</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 23.75pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -23.75pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">Prepayment for asset acquisition consists
of the properties in Chengdu, China. The Company entered into a cooperation agreement on August 14, 2023, with Zhong Hui Lian He Ji Tuan,
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the land, with a view to jointly develop the property into a healthcare center for senior living, long-term care, and medical care in
the areas of ABVC&#8217;s special interests, such as Ophthalmology, Oncology, and Central Nervous Systems. The plan is to establish a
base for the China market and global development of these interests.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

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lock-up period of one year following the closing date of the transaction. In addition, the parties agreed that, after one year following
the closing of the transaction, if the market value of the Shares or the value of the property increases or decreases, the parties will
negotiate in good faith to make reasonable adjustments. The Company&#8217;s ownership rights to the property and the associated land
parcel, or a suitable replacement property, are safeguarded under the terms of the cooperation agreement, which is legally binding and
enforceable.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">As discussed in Note 2, the Company incorrectly
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">The construction-in-progress property is planned
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 23.75pt; text-indent: -23.75pt"><b style="-keep: true">&#160;&#160;</b></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b style="-keep: true">&#160;</b></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 0in"/><td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">*</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><ix:footnote id="ix_4_footnote" xml:lang="en-US"><span style="-keep: true">This company was acquired by Canal Biotech Corporation Inc. Our stock is in the process of replacement with the stock of the acquired company and the ownership percentage is subject to change.</span></ix:footnote></td>
</tr></table></ix:continuation>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 24px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(2)</span></td> <td><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c7" continuedAt="abvc_ScheduleOfExtentTheInvesteeReliesTableTextBlock-c7_cont_1" escape="true" name="abvc:ScheduleOfExtentTheInvesteeReliesTableTextBlock" id="ixv-25760"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The extent the investee relies on the company for its business is summarized as follows:</span></ix:nonNumeric></td></tr> </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:continuation id="abvc_ScheduleOfExtentTheInvesteeReliesTableTextBlock-c7_cont_1"><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 30%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Name of investees</b></span></td> <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; width: 1%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: justify; width: 69%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>The extent the investee relies on the Company for its business &#160;</b></span></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Braingenesis Biotechnology Co., Ltd.</span></td> <td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="text-align: justify"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c207" name="us-gaap:RelatedPartyTransactionDescriptionOfTransaction" id="ixv-25782"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; 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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b style="-keep: true">&#160;</b></p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b style="-keep: true">&#160;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p>

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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
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    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-left: 9pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">BioFirst
    Corporation<sup>(a)</sup></span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c223" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" id="ix_43_fact" name="us-gaap:LongTermInvestments" scale="0" unitRef="usd">1,468,504</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
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    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-272"><span style="-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-273"><span style="-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-left: 9pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">BioLite
    Japan K.K. (BioLite JP)<sup>(c)</sup></span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-274"><span style="-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-275"><span style="-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; padding-left: 9pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">OncoX
    BioPharma, Inc.<sup>(e)</sup></span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-276"><span style="-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-277"><span style="-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 4pt; padding-left: 0.25in"><span style="-keep: true">Total</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c2" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:LongTermInvestments" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45948">2,527,740</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 24px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(a)</span></td> <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">BioFirst Corporation (the &#8220;BioFirst&#8221;):</span></td></tr> </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">The Company holds an equity interest
in BioFirst Corporation, accounting for its equity interest using the equity method to accounts for its equity investment as prescribed
in ASC 323, Investments&#8212;Equity Method and Joint Ventures (&#8220;ASC 323&#8221;). Equity method adjustments include the Company&#8217;s
proportionate share of investee&#8217;s income or loss and other adjustments required by the equity method. As of December 31, 2024 and
2023, the Company owns <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c179" decimals="4" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:PercentageCommonStocksShares" scale="-2" unitRef="pure" id="ixv-45949">18.68</ix:nonFraction>% and <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c180" decimals="4" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:PercentageCommonStocksShares" scale="-2" unitRef="pure" id="ixv-45950">18.68</ix:nonFraction>% common stock shares of BioFirst, respectively. The Company made a prepayment for equity investment
in BioFirst to purchase additional shares to be issued by BioFirst in the aggregate amount of $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c181" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueAcquisitions" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45951">2,688,578</ix:nonFraction>, recorded as prepayment for
long-term investments as of December 31, 2022. On July 19, 2023, the Company successfully completed the registration process for this
investment. The initial prepayment was $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c181" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:PrepaymentFeesOnAdvancesNet" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45952">1,895,556</ix:nonFraction>, which is a portion of the prepayment as of December 31, 2022, and was converted into
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c7" continuedAt="_CondensedStatementOfComprehensiveIncomeTableTextBlock-c7_cont_1" escape="true" name="srt:CondensedStatementOfComprehensiveIncomeTableTextBlock" id="ixv-26137"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c7" continuedAt="_ScheduleOfCondensedBalanceSheetTableTextBlock-c7_cont_1" escape="true" name="srt:ScheduleOfCondensedBalanceSheetTableTextBlock" id="ixv-26138"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">Summarized unaudited financial information
for the Company&#8217;s equity method investee, BioFirst, is as follows:</span></p></ix:nonNumeric></ix:nonNumeric>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 5.4pt"><i style="-keep: true">&#160;</i></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><i style="-keep: true">Balance Sheets</i></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><i style="-keep: true">Statements of operations</i></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p><div>

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</div><ix:continuation continuedAt="_InvestmentTextBlock-c7_cont_3" id="_InvestmentTextBlock-c7_cont_2"><ix:continuation continuedAt="_InvestmentTableTextBlock-c7_cont_3" id="_InvestmentTableTextBlock-c7_cont_2"><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 24px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(b)</span></td> <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Rgene Corporation (the &#8220;Rgene&#8221;)</span></td></tr> </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">Both Rgene and the Company are
under common control by Dr. Tsung-Shann Jiang, the CEO and chairman of the BioLite Inc. Since Dr. Tsung-Shann Jiang is able to exercise
significant influence, but not control, over the Rgene, the Company determined to use the equity method to accounts for its equity investment
as prescribed in ASC 323, Investments&#8212;Equity Method and Joint Ventures (&#8220;ASC 323&#8221;). Equity method adjustments include
the Company&#8217;s proportionate share of investee&#8217;s income or loss and other adjustments required by the equity method. As of
December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company owns <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c182" decimals="4" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:PercentageCommonStocksShares" scale="-2" unitRef="pure" id="ixv-45973">26.65</ix:nonFraction>% and <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c183" decimals="4" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:PercentageCommonStocksShares" scale="-2" unitRef="pure" id="ixv-45974">26.65</ix:nonFraction>% common stock shares of Rgene, respectively.</span></p></ix:continuation>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;&#160;</span></p>

<ix:continuation continuedAt="_CondensedStatementOfComprehensiveIncomeTableTextBlock-c7_cont_3" id="_CondensedStatementOfComprehensiveIncomeTableTextBlock-c7_cont_2"><ix:continuation continuedAt="_ScheduleOfCondensedBalanceSheetTableTextBlock-c7_cont_3" id="_ScheduleOfCondensedBalanceSheetTableTextBlock-c7_cont_2"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">Summarized unaudited financial information
for the Company&#8217;s equity method investee, Rgene, is as follows:</span></p></ix:continuation></ix:continuation>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><i style="-keep: true">Balance Sheets</i></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><i style="-keep: true">Statements of operations</i></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:continuation id="_CondensedStatementOfComprehensiveIncomeTableTextBlock-c7_cont_3"><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
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    <td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-278"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;-</span></div></td>
    <td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td>
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    <td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-280"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">-</span></div></td>
    <td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-281"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">-</span></div></td>
    <td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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    <td style="width: 1%"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="width: 8%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c237" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss" scale="0" sign="-" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45985">118,367</ix:nonFraction></span></td>
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    <td style="width: 1%"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
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    <td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
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    <td style="width: 24px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(4)</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Disposition of long-term
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  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">During the years ended December
31, 2024 and 2023, there is no disposition of long-term investment.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
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    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Loss on investment in
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  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b style="-keep: true">&#160;</b></p>

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securities for each period were as follows (not recognized since the carrying value of the investment was reduced to $0):</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center; font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">Year Ended<br/>
    December 31,</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center; font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">2024</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 76%; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">Share of equity method investee losses</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">(<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c1" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:EquityMethodInvestments" scale="0" sign="-" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45987">339,171</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">)</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">(<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c2" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:EquityMethodInvestments" scale="0" sign="-" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45988">221,888</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">)</span></td></tr>
  </table></ix:nonNumeric></ix:continuation><div>


</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p><div>

</div><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 135; Value: 1 --><div>
    </div><div style="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">F-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->28<!-- Field: /Sequence --></p></div><div>
    </div><div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div><div>
    </div><!-- Field: /Page --><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><ix:continuation id="_InvestmentTableTextBlock-c7_cont_3"><ix:continuation id="_InvestmentTextBlock-c7_cont_3"><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 24px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(c)</span></td> <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">BioLite Japan K.K. (BioLite JP)</span></td></tr> </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">In October 2021, the Company, Lucidaim
Co., Ltd., a Japanese corporation (&#8220;Lucidaim,&#8221; together with the Company, the &#8220;Shareholders&#8221;), and BioLite Japan
K.K., a Japanese corporation (&#8220;BioLite JP&#8221;) entered into a Joint Venture Agreement. BioLite JP is a private limited company
incorporated on December 18, 2018. The business of the joint venture is the research and development of drugs, medical device and digital
media, investment, fund running and consulting, distribution and marketing of supplements carried on by BioLite JP and its subsidiaries
in Japan, or any other territory or businesses. At the date of the Agreement, BioLite JP has <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c184" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:CommonStockSharesAuthorized" scale="0" unitRef="shares" id="ixv-45989">10,000</ix:nonFraction> ordinary shares authorized, with
<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c185" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:CommonStockSharesIssued" scale="0" unitRef="shares" id="ixv-45990"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c185" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:CommonStockSharesOutstanding" scale="0" unitRef="shares" id="ixv-45991">3,049</ix:nonFraction></ix:nonFraction> ordinary shares issued and outstanding (the &#8220;Ordinary Shares&#8221;). Pursuant to the Agreement and the related share transfer
agreement, Lucidaim shall own <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c186" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:InvestmentOwnedBalanceShares" scale="0" unitRef="shares" id="ixv-45992">1,555</ix:nonFraction> Ordinary Shares (<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c7" decimals="2" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:PercentageCommonStocksShares" scale="-2" unitRef="pure" id="ixv-45993">51</ix:nonFraction>%) and the Company shall own <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c187" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:InvestmentOwnedBalanceShares" scale="0" unitRef="shares" id="ixv-45994">1,494</ix:nonFraction> Ordinary Shares (<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c188" decimals="2" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:PercentageCommonStocksShares" scale="-2" unitRef="pure" id="ixv-45995">49</ix:nonFraction>%). The Company paid $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c7" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquireInterestInJointVenture" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45996">150,000</ix:nonFraction>
towards the setup of the joint venture; BioLite Japan&#8217;s other shareholder also paid $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c188" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquireInterestInJointVenture" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45997">150,000</ix:nonFraction> after the Letter of Intent was signed.
This prepayment is booked in prepayment for investment. As of December 31, 2024, the Company evaluated the investee&#8217;s business
and financial conditions and determined to fully impair such prepayment.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 24px; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(d)</span></td> <td style="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">ForSeeCon Eye Corporation (FEYE)</span></td></tr> </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b style="-keep: true">&#160;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">FEYE is a private company registered
in the British Virgin Islands, focusing on the field of diagnosis and treatment of eye disorders, with its main product of Vitargus.
The Company granted FEYE certain licensed products in exchange of FEYE ownership. See Note 4 for detail of such transactions.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 24px; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(e)</span></td> <td style="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">OncoX BioPharma, Inc. (OncoX)</span></td></tr> </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b style="-keep: true">&#160;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">OncoX is a private company registered
in the British Virgin Islands, focusing on oncology trials and drug development across Asia-Pacific. The Company granted OncoX certain
licensed products in exchange of OncoX&#8217;s ownership. See Note 4 for detail of such transactions.</span></p></ix:continuation></ix:continuation><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b style="-keep: true">&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c7" continuedAt="_DebtDisclosureTextBlock-c7_cont_1" escape="true" name="us-gaap:DebtDisclosureTextBlock" id="ixv-26776"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b style="-keep: true">7. CONVERTIBLE NOTES PAYABLE</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b style="-keep: true">&#160;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Lind Notes Payable</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">On February 23, 2023, the Company entered
into a securities purchase agreement with Lind Global Fund II, LP (&#8220;Lind&#8221;), pursuant to which the Company issued Lind a secured,
convertible note in the principal amount of $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c239" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:DebtInstrumentConvertibleIfConvertedValueInExcessOfPrincipal" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45998">3,704,167</ix:nonFraction>, for a purchase price of $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c239" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:PaymentsForPreviousAcquisition" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-45999">3,175,000</ix:nonFraction> (the &#8220;Lind Note&#8221;), that is convertible
into shares of the Company&#8217;s common stock at an initial conversion price of $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c239" decimals="1" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:CommonStockConvertibleConversionPriceIncrease" scale="0" unitRef="usdPershares" id="ixv-46000">10.5</ix:nonFraction> per share, subject to adjustment. The Company
also issued Lind a common stock purchase warrant (the &#8220;Lind Warrant&#8221;) to purchase up to <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c239" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesIssuedForServices" scale="0" unitRef="shares" id="ixv-46001">529,167</ix:nonFraction> shares (post-split) of the
Company&#8217;s common stock at an initial exercise price of $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c240" decimals="1" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:ClassOfWarrantOrRightExercisePriceOfWarrantsOrRights1" scale="0" unitRef="usdPershares" id="ixv-46002">10.5</ix:nonFraction> per share for a period of 5 years, subject to adjustment that immediately
upon such issuance or sale, the Exercise Price in effect immediately prior to such issuance or sale shall be reduced (and in no event
increased) to an Exercise Price equal to the consideration per share paid for such Additional Shares of Common Stock. The warrants were
valued using the Black-Scholes model. The fair value of the warrants was determined to be $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c241" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:FairValueAdjustmentOfWarrants" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46003">1,225,543</ix:nonFraction>, which was recorded to debt discount.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">Beginning with the date that is six months
from the issuance date of the Lind Note and on each one (1) month anniversary thereafter, the Company shall pay Lind an amount equal
to $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c242" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:OutstandingBalanceAmount" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46004">308,651</ix:nonFraction>, until the outstanding principal amount of the Lind Note has been paid in full prior to or on the Maturity Date or, if earlier,
upon acceleration, conversion or redemption of the Lind Note in accordance with the terms thereof (the &#8220;Monthly Payments&#8221;).
At the Company&#8217;s discretion, the Monthly Payments shall be made in (i) cash, (ii) shares of the Company&#8217;s common stock, or
(iii) a combination of cash and Shares; if made in shares, the number of shares shall be determined by dividing (x) the principal amount
being paid in shares by (y) <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c243" decimals="2" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:PercentageOfAverageAmount" scale="-2" unitRef="pure" id="ixv-46005">90</ix:nonFraction>% of the average of the 5 lowest daily VWAPs during the 20 trading days prior to the applicable payment
date. The Lind Notes sets forth certain conditions that must be satisfied before the Company may make any Monthly Payments in shares
of common stock. If the Company makes a Monthly Payment in cash, the Company must also pay Lind a cash premium of <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c7" decimals="2" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:PercentageOfCashPermium" scale="-2" unitRef="pure" id="ixv-46006">5</ix:nonFraction>% of such Monthly
Payment.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">Upon the occurrence of any Event of Default
(as defined in the Lind Note), the Company must pay Lind an amount equal to <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c243" decimals="2" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:PercentageOfOutstandingPrincipalAmount" scale="-2" unitRef="pure" id="ixv-46007">120</ix:nonFraction>%&#160;of the then outstanding principal amount of the
Lind Note (the &#8220;Mandatory Default Amount&#8221;), in addition to any other remedies under the Note or the other Transaction Documents.
The Company and Lind entered into a letter agreement on September 12, 2023, pursuant to which the Mandatory Default Amount was reduced
to <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c244" decimals="2" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:PercentageOfOutstandingPrincipalAmount" scale="-2" unitRef="pure" id="ixv-46008">115</ix:nonFraction>% of the then outstanding principal amount of the Lind Note; pursuant to the letter agreement, Lind also agreed to waive any default
associated with the Company&#8217;s market capitalization being below $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c1" decimals="-5" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:GeneralPartnersCapitalAccount" scale="6" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46009">12.5</ix:nonFraction> million for 10 consecutive days through February 23, 2024,
but retained its right to convert its Note. In addition, if the Company is unable to increase its market capitalization and is unable
to obtain a further waiver or amendment to the Lind Note, then the Company could experience an event of default under the Lind Note,
which could have a material adverse effect on the Company&#8217;s liquidity, financial condition, and results of operations. The Company
cannot make any assurances regarding the likelihood, certainty, or exact timing of the Company&#8217;s ability to increase its market
capitalization, as such metric is not within the immediate control of the Company and depends on a variety of factors outside the Company&#8217;s
control. &#160;</span></p></ix:nonNumeric><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p><div>

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    </div><div style="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">F-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->29<!-- Field: /Sequence --></p></div><div>
    </div><div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div><div>
    </div><!-- Field: /Page --><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><ix:continuation continuedAt="_DebtDisclosureTextBlock-c7_cont_2" id="_DebtDisclosureTextBlock-c7_cont_1"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">The Lind Warrant may be exercised via cashless
exercise.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">The warrant exercise price was reset to $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c245" decimals="1" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:WarrantExercisePriceIncrease" scale="0" unitRef="usdPershares" id="ixv-46010">3.5</ix:nonFraction>
in accordance to the issuance of common stock in relation to securities purchase agreement on July 2023.&#160;On May 22, 2024, the exercise
price of these warrants was reset to $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c246" decimals="2" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:WarrantExercisePriceIncrease" scale="0" unitRef="usdPershares" id="ixv-46011">0.75</ix:nonFraction> along with the immediate exercise of existing warrants and issuance of the New Warrants. As
of December 31, 2024, these Lind Warrants associated with the first Lind Note were fully exercised.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">On November 17, 2023, the Company entered
another securities purchase agreement with Lind, pursuant to which the Company issued Lind a secured, convertible note (the &#8220;2<sup>nd</sup>
Lind Note&#8221;) in the principal amount of $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c247" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:ReceivableWithImputedInterestFaceAmount" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46012">1,200,000</ix:nonFraction>, for a purchase price of $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c248" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:PaymentsForPreviousAcquisition" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46013">1,000,000</ix:nonFraction>, that is convertible into shares of the Company&#8217;s
common stock at a conversion price, which shall be the lesser of (i) $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c249" decimals="2" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:PreferredStockConvertibleConversionPrice" scale="0" unitRef="usdPershares" id="ixv-46014">3.50</ix:nonFraction> and (ii) <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c248" decimals="2" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:PercentageOfAverageAmount" scale="-2" unitRef="pure" id="ixv-46015">90</ix:nonFraction>% of the average of the three lowest VWAPs during
the 20 trading days prior to conversion. The 2<sup>nd</sup> Lind Note shall be due and payable on May 19, 2025 and bear no interest.
The Company may prepay all, but not less than all, outstanding principal amount prior to the maturity, and Lind shall have the right
to convert up to one third of the principal amount when the Company prepays. Upon the occurrence of any Event of Default (as defined
in the 2<sup>nd</sup> Lind Note), the Company must pay Lind an amount equal to <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c250" decimals="2" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:DebtInstrumentRedemptionPricePercentageOfPrincipalAmountRedeemed" scale="-2" unitRef="pure" id="ixv-46016">120</ix:nonFraction>% of the then outstanding principal amount of the Lind
Note, in addition to any other remedies under the Note or the other transaction documents. Lind also received a 5-year common stock purchase
warrant to purchase up to <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c248" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesIssuedForServices" scale="0" unitRef="shares" id="ixv-46017">1,000,000</ix:nonFraction> shares of the Company&#8217;s common stock at an initial exercise price of $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c248" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:DeferredCompensationArrangementWithIndividualExercisePrice" scale="0" unitRef="usdPershares" id="ixv-46018">2</ix:nonFraction> per share for a period
of <ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c251" format="ixt-sec:duryear" name="abvc:PurchaseWarrantTerm" id="ixv-46019">5</ix:nonNumeric> years. The warrants were valued using the Black-Scholes model. The fair value of the warrants was determined to be $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c252" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:FairValueAdjustmentOfWarrants" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46020">480,795</ix:nonFraction>, which
was recorded to debt discount. An amendment was filed with the SEC on February 29, 2024 to disclose that due to Nasdaq requirements,
the parties entered into an amendment to the Note, pursuant to which the conversion price shall have a floor price of $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c253" decimals="2" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:DebtInstrumentConvertibleConversionPrice1" scale="0" unitRef="usdPershares" id="ixv-46021">1.00</ix:nonFraction>. Additionally,
the amendment requires the Company to make a cash payment to Lind if in connection with a conversion, the conversion price is deemed
to be the floor price. During the year ended December 31, 2024, Lind converted $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c254" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:DebtInstrumentConvertibleIfConvertedValueInExcessOfPrincipal" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46022">800,000</ix:nonFraction> of 2<sup>nd</sup> Lind Note principal amounts
into the Company&#8217;s common stocks. Refer to the common stock issuance details in Note 12, Equity. As of April 1, 2025, Lind has
converted the remaining $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c255" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:DebtInstrumentConvertibleIfConvertedValueInExcessOfPrincipal" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46023">400,000</ix:nonFraction> principal balance into the Company&#8217;s common stocks.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">On January 17, 2024, the Company entered another
securities purchase agreement with Lind, pursuant to which the Company issued Lind a secured, convertible note (the &#8220;3<sup>rd</sup>
Lind Note&#8221;) in the principal amount of $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c256" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:ReceivableWithImputedInterestFaceAmount" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46024">1,000,000</ix:nonFraction>, for a purchase price of $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c256" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:PurchasePriceAmount" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46025">833,333</ix:nonFraction>, that is convertible into shares of the Company&#8217;s
common stock at a conversion price, which shall be the lesser of (i) $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c257" decimals="2" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:CommonStockConvertibleConversionPriceIncrease" scale="0" unitRef="usdPershares" id="ixv-46026">3.50</ix:nonFraction> and (ii) <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c257" decimals="2" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:PercentageOfAverageAmount" scale="-2" unitRef="pure" id="ixv-46027">90</ix:nonFraction>% of the average of the three lowest VWAPs during
the 20 trading days prior to conversion. The 3<sup>rd</sup> Lind Note shall be due and payable on July 17, 2025 and bear no interest.
The Company may prepay all, but not less than all, outstanding principal amount prior to the maturity, and Lind shall have the right
to convert up to one third of the principal amount when the Company prepays. Upon the occurrence of any Event of Default (as defined
in the 3<sup>rd</sup> Lind Note), the Company must pay Lind an amount equal to <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c257" decimals="2" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:DebtInstrumentRedemptionPricePercentageOfPrincipalAmountRedeemed" scale="-2" unitRef="pure" id="ixv-46028">120</ix:nonFraction>% of the then outstanding principal amount of the Lind
Note, in addition to any other remedies under the Note or the other transaction documents Lind also received a <ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c258" format="ixt-sec:duryear" name="abvc:PurchaseWarrantTerm" id="ixv-46029">5</ix:nonNumeric>-year, common stock purchase
warrant to purchase up to <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c257" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:PaymentsForRepurchaseOfWarrants" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46030">1,000,000</ix:nonFraction> shares of the Company&#8217;s common stock at an initial exercise price of $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c258" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:WarrantExercisePriceIncrease" scale="0" unitRef="usdPershares" id="ixv-46031">2</ix:nonFraction> per share. The warrants
were valued using the Black-Scholes model. The fair value of the warrants was determined to be $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c259" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:FairValueAdjustmentOfWarrants" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46032">394,071</ix:nonFraction>, which was recorded to debt discount.
An amendment was filed with the SEC on February 29, 2024 to disclose that due to Nasdaq requirements, the parties entered into an amendment
to the Note, pursuant to which the conversion price shall have a floor price of $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c260" decimals="2" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:DebtInstrumentConvertibleConversionPrice1" scale="0" unitRef="usdPershares" id="ixv-46033">1.00</ix:nonFraction>. Additionally, the amendment requires the Company
to make a cash payment to Lind if in connection with a conversion, the conversion price is deemed to be the floor price. No conversion
or repayment to 3<sup>rd</sup> Lind Note has occurred during the year ended December 31, 2024. As of April 1, 2025, Lind has converted
$<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c255" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:DebtInstrumentConvertibleIfConvertedValueInExcessOfPrincipal" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46034">400,000</ix:nonFraction> principal balance into the Company&#8217;s common stock, leaving outstanding principal of $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c255" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:DebtInstrumentOutstandingPrincipal" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46035">600,000</ix:nonFraction>.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">In connection with above three Lind Note offerings,
the Company and its subsidiaries: BioKey, BioLite, Biolite BVI, and American BriVision, jointly and severally guaranteed all of the obligations
of the Company in connection with the offering with certain collateral, as set forth in the related transaction documents.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">On May 22, 2024 and November 19, 2024, Lind
has exercised <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c261" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:DebtConversionConvertedInstrumentWarrantsOrOptionsIssued1" scale="0" unitRef="shares" id="ixv-46036">1,000,000</ix:nonFraction> and <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c262" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:DebtConversionConvertedInstrumentWarrantsOrOptionsIssued1" scale="0" unitRef="shares" id="ixv-46037">500,000</ix:nonFraction> of the existing warrants to purchase shares of Common Stock at a reduced exercise price of $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c263" decimals="2" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:WarrantExercisePriceDecrease" scale="0" unitRef="usdPershares" id="ixv-46038">0.75</ix:nonFraction>
and $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c264" decimals="2" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:WarrantExercisePriceDecrease" scale="0" unitRef="usdPershares" id="ixv-46039">0.42</ix:nonFraction> per share, respectively. Refer to the details in Note 12, Equity.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">Total interest expenses in connection with
the above three Lind Notes were $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c7" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:InterestExpenseOther" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46040">773,139</ix:nonFraction> and $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c8" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:InterestExpenseOther" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46041">1,233,284</ix:nonFraction> for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.</span></p></ix:continuation><div>


</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><ix:continuation id="_DebtDisclosureTextBlock-c7_cont_2"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Other Convertible Notes Payable</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">On November 1, 2024 and November 5, 2024,
the Company&#8217;s subsidiary, AiBtl, issued two convertible note payable, each with a principal amount of $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c265" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:ConvertibleNotesPayable" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46042">30,000</ix:nonFraction> to two separate individuals,
for total consideration of $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c266" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:ConsiderationAmount" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46043">60,000</ix:nonFraction>. Each note has a <ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c267" format="ixt-sec:duryear" name="us-gaap:DebtInstrumentTerm" id="ixv-46044">1</ix:nonNumeric>-year term and an implied annual discount rate of <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c7" decimals="4" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:PercentageOfAnnualDiscountRate" scale="-2" unitRef="pure" id="ixv-46045">6.89</ix:nonFraction>%. These convertible notes
bear <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c268" decimals="2" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:ShortTermDebtPercentageBearingFixedInterestRate" scale="-2" unitRef="pure" id="ixv-46046">0</ix:nonFraction>% interest rate and are convertible by the holders into the AiBtl&#8217;s common stock at $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c269" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare" scale="0" unitRef="usdPershares" id="ixv-46047">5</ix:nonFraction> per share at any time before the maturity.
AiBtl reserves the right to repurchase the note in full at any time before the maturity.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">The convertible notes payable is accounted
for in accordance with ASC 470-20, Debt with Conversion and Other Options. The Company evaluated the conversion feature and determined
that it qualifies for equity classification as it meets the &#8220;fixed-for-fixed&#8221; criteria. The proceeds from the issuance were
allocated to the present value of the liability component in aggregate for $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c7" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:ProceedsFromIssuanceOfDebt" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46048">56,132</ix:nonFraction>, and to debt discount for $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c270" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:AmortizationOfDebtDiscountPremium" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46049">3,868</ix:nonFraction>. The debt discount
is recorded in additional paid-in capital in the statement of change in equity.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">The debt discount is being amortized over
the <ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c254" format="ixt-sec:duryear" name="us-gaap:DebtInstrumentTerm" id="ixv-46050">1</ix:nonNumeric>-year term using the effective interest method. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company recognized $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c7" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:InterestExpenseDebt" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46051">646</ix:nonFraction> in interest
expense related to the amortization of the debt discount.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c7" escape="true" name="us-gaap:ConvertibleDebtTableTextBlock" id="ixv-26881"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">The carrying amounts of the liability component
are summarized as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
<tr style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">December 31, 2024</span></td> <td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td> <td style="font: bold 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">Issuance<br/> Entity</span></td><td style="font: bold 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; 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</div><p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c7" escape="true" name="us-gaap:AccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilitiesDisclosureTextBlock" id="ixv-27793"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b style="-keep: true">8. ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES</b>&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b style="-keep: true">&#160;</b></p>

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consisted of the following as of the periods indicated:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">December&#160;31,</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c1" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:AccruedResearchAndDevelopmentExpense" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46110">1,799,583</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
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    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c1" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:AccruedDirectorAndOfficerCompensation" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46112">1,025,867</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">Accrued royalties</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c1" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:AccruedRoyaltiesCurrent" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46114">255,592</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c2" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:AccruedRoyaltiesCurrent" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46115">274,028</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">Accrued compensation and employee benefits</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c1" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:EmployeeRelatedLiabilitiesCurrent" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46116">126,106</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c2" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:EmployeeRelatedLiabilitiesCurrent" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46117">29,138</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">Others</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c1" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46118">302,274</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c2" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46119">427,350</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c2" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:OtherAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilities" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46121">3,548,352</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  </table></ix:nonNumeric></ix:nonNumeric><div>


</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c7" escape="true" name="us-gaap:ShortTermDebtTextBlock" id="ixv-27952"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b style="-keep: true">9. SHORT-TERM LOANS</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 24px; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(1)</span></td> <td style="font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c7" continuedAt="_ScheduleOfShortTermDebtTextBlock-c7_cont_1" escape="true" name="us-gaap:ScheduleOfShortTermDebtTextBlock" id="ixv-27962"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Short-term loans consists of the following:</span></ix:nonNumeric></td></tr> </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:continuation id="_ScheduleOfShortTermDebtTextBlock-c7_cont_1"><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">December&#160;31,</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">December&#160;31,</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">2024</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">2023</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c286" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:ShortTermBorrowings" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46122">200,252</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c287" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:ShortTermBorrowings" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46123">245,250</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">CTBC Bank</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
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  </table></ix:continuation>


<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Cathay United Bank</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">On June 28, 2016, BioLite Taiwan and Cathay
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">Interest expenses were $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c288" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:InterestExpenseShortTermBorrowings" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46137">6,891</ix:nonFraction> and $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c289" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:InterestExpenseShortTermBorrowings" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46138">6,856</ix:nonFraction> for
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">CTBC Bank</span>&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">On June 12, 2017 and July 19, 2017, BioLite
Taiwan and CTBC Bank entered into two short-term saving secured bank loan agreements (the &#8220;CTBC Loan Agreements&#8221;) in a credit
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for <ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c294" format="ixt-sec:durwordsen" name="us-gaap:DebtInstrumentTerm" id="ixv-46145">one year</ix:nonNumeric>. The Company renews the agreement with the bank every year, and the next renewal date is February 28, 2025.&#160;The loan
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This loan was also personal guaranteed by the Company&#8217;s chairman and BioFirst. During the year ended December 31, 2020, BioLite
Taiwan has opened a TCD account with CTBC bank to guarantee the loan going forward.</span></p>


<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">Interest expenses were $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c7" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:InterestExpenseShortTermBorrowings" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46147">15,557</ix:nonFraction> and $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c8" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:InterestExpenseShortTermBorrowings" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46148">15,610</ix:nonFraction>
for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Other individual &#8211; Third party</span>&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">On March 21, 2024, the Company issued an unsecured
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">Interest expenses were $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c298" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:InterestExpenseShortTermBorrowings" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46152">2,811</ix:nonFraction> for the year
ended December 31, 2024.</span></p></ix:nonNumeric><div>


</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c7" continuedAt="_RelatedPartyTransactionsDisclosureTextBlock-c7_cont_1" escape="true" name="us-gaap:RelatedPartyTransactionsDisclosureTextBlock" id="ixv-28128"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b style="-keep: true">10. RELATED PARTIES TRANSACTIONS</b>&#160;&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c7" escape="true" name="us-gaap:ScheduleOfRelatedPartyTransactionsTableTextBlock" id="ixv-28133"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">The related parties of the company with whom
transactions are reported in these financial statements are as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Revenues &#8211; related parties</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

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with OncoX, and recognized revenue correspondingly. Please refer to Note 4, Collaborative Agreements for details.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Consulting fees &#8211; related parties</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

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to provide operation, business development, human resources, and capital finance consulting services. The agreement is for 12 months
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Accounts receivable - related parties</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c7" escape="true" name="abvc:ScheduleOfAccountsReceivableDueFromRelatedPartiesTableTextBlock" id="ixv-28375"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">Accounts receivable due from related parties
consisted of the following as of the periods indicated:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">December&#160;31,</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">December&#160;31,</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">GenePharm Inc.</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-288"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;-</span></div></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-289"><span style="-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 9%; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-290"><span style="-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c234" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:AccountsAndOtherReceivablesNetCurrent" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46162">10,463</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-291"><span style="-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><b style="-keep: true">&#160;</b></p>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><ix:continuation continuedAt="_RelatedPartyTransactionsDisclosureTextBlock-c7_cont_2" id="_RelatedPartyTransactionsDisclosureTextBlock-c7_cont_1"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Due from related parties</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">Amount due from related parties consisted
of the following as of the periods indicated:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c7" continuedAt="abvc_ScheduleOfDueFromRelatedPartyCurrentAndNonCurrentTableTextBlock-c7_cont_1" escape="true" name="abvc:ScheduleOfDueFromRelatedPartyCurrentAndNonCurrentTableTextBlock" id="ixv-28501"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">Due from related party- Current</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>December&#160;31,</b></span></td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>December&#160;31,</b></span></td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2024</b></span></td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2023</b></span></td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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    <td style="width: 72%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Rgene (1)</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td>
    <td style="width: 11%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c354" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" id="ix_45_fact" name="us-gaap:OtherReceivablesNetCurrent" scale="0" unitRef="usd">565,711</ix:nonFraction></span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td>
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    <td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c310" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" id="ix_48_fact" name="us-gaap:OtherReceivablesNetCurrent" scale="0" unitRef="usd">206,087</ix:nonFraction></span></td>
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    <td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-keep: true">Due from related parties- Non-current, net</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">December&#160;31,</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">2024</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">2023</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">BioHopeKing Corporation (4)</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">Total</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">Less: allowance for expected credit losses accounts</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">(<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c324" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:OtherReceivableAllowanceForCreditLossNoncurrent" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46177">839,983</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 4pt; padding-left: 9pt"><span style="-keep: true">Net</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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  </table>


<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;&#160;</span></p>

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</table>

<p style="margin: 0"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 24px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(3)</span></td> <td><ix:footnote id="ix_12_footnote" xml:lang="en-US"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">On July 1, 2020, the Company entered into a loan agreement with BioFirst (Australia) for $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c315" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:DebtInstrumentFaceAmount" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46203">361,487</ix:nonFraction> to properly record R&amp;D cost and tax refund allocation based on co-development contract executed on July 24, 2017. The loan was originally set to be mature on <ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c316" format="ixt:date-monthname-day-year-en" name="us-gaap:RelatedPartyTransactionDate" id="ixv-46204">September 30, 2021</ix:nonNumeric> with an interest rate of <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c316" decimals="3" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:RelatedPartyTransactionRate" scale="-2" unitRef="pure" id="ixv-46205">6.5</ix:nonFraction>% per annum, but on September 7, 2021, the Company entered into a loan agreement with BioFirst (Australia) for $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c317" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:DebtInstrumentFaceAmount" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46206">67,873</ix:nonFraction> to meet its new project needs. On July 27, 2021, the Company repaid a loan <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c318" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:LoansPayable" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46207">249,975</ix:nonFraction> to BioFirst (Australia). On December 1, 2021, the Company entered into a loan agreement with BioFirst (Australia) for $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c319" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:DebtInstrumentFaceAmount" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46208">250,000</ix:nonFraction> to increase the cost for upcoming projects. The loan will be matured on <ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c7" format="ixt:date-monthname-day-year-en" name="us-gaap:RelatedPartyTransactionDate" id="ixv-46209">November 30, 2022</ix:nonNumeric> with an interest rate of <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c7" decimals="3" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:RelatedPartyTransactionRate" scale="-2" unitRef="pure" id="ixv-46210">6.5</ix:nonFraction>% per annum. In 2022, the Company entered into several loan agreements with BioFirst (Australia) for a total amount of $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c181" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:LoanAgreementAmount" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46211">507,000</ix:nonFraction> to increase the cost for upcoming projects. &#160;During the first quarter of 2023, the Company entered into several loan agreements with BioFirst (Australia) for a total amount of $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c320" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:LoanAgreementAmount" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46212">88,091</ix:nonFraction> to increase the cost for upcoming projects. During the second quarter of 2023, the Company entered into several loan agreements with BioFirst (Australia) for a total amount of $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c321" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:LoanAgreementAmount" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46213">25,500</ix:nonFraction> to increase the cost for upcoming projects. All the loans period was twelve months with an interest rate of <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c7" decimals="3" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:RelatedPartyTransactionRate" scale="-2" unitRef="pure" id="ixv-46214">6.5</ix:nonFraction>% per annum. For accounting purpose, the due from and due to related party balances was being net off. 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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><ix:continuation id="_RelatedPartyTransactionsDisclosureTextBlock-c7_cont_2"><ix:continuation id="abvc_ScheduleOfDueFromRelatedPartyCurrentAndNonCurrentTableTextBlock-c7_cont_1"><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 24px; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(4)</span></td> <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:footnote id="ix_13_footnote" xml:lang="en-US">On February 24, 2015, BioLite Taiwan and BioHopeKing Corporation (the &#8220;BHK&#8221;) entered into a co-development agreement, (the &#8220;BHK Co-Development Agreement&#8221;, see Note 4). <ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c322" name="us-gaap:DebtInstrumentInterestRateTerms" id="ixv-46219">The development costs shall be shared 50/50 between BHK and the Company. Under the term of the agreement, BioLite issued relevant development cost to BHK.</ix:nonNumeric> As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, due from BHK was both NTD <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c1" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:OtherReceivableAfterAllowanceForCreditLossNoncurrent" scale="0" unitRef="twd" id="ixv-46220">3,941,299</ix:nonFraction> (approximately $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c323" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:OtherReceivableAfterAllowanceForCreditLossNoncurrent" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46221">120,210</ix:nonFraction> and $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c324" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:OtherReceivableAfterAllowanceForCreditLossNoncurrent" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46222">113,516</ix:nonFraction>, respectively). The business conditions of BHK deteriorated and as a result, the Company recognized expected credit losses of $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c325" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:RecognizedCreditLosses" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46223">120,210</ix:nonFraction> for the year ended December 31, 2024.</ix:footnote> </span></td></tr> </table></ix:continuation>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b style="-keep: true">&#160;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">The Company&#8217;s due from related parties
are subject to certain risks that our collaborative parties, including OncoX and FEYE, would face. Such risks exist in future market
conditions, macro economy, legal and regulatory, results of clinical trials and product developments, and among others. As of December
31, 2024, the Company&#8217;s comprehensive review of these due from related party balances indicates that there are no expected losses
except those being recognized above. This conclusion is based on the business relationships with our related parties and the absence
of any significant indicators of potential default.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b style="-keep: true">&#160;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Due to related parties</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b style="-keep: true">&#160;</b></p>

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the following as of the periods indicated:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">December&#160;31,</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">December&#160;31,</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">2024</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">2023</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">AiBtl Holding (1)</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c359" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" id="ix_53_fact" name="us-gaap:OtherLiabilitiesCurrent" scale="0" unitRef="usd">348,219</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-293"><span style="-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="width: 76%; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">The Jiangs (2)</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"/><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c361" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" id="ix_54_fact" name="us-gaap:OtherLiabilitiesCurrent" scale="0" unitRef="usd">274,170</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"/><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c362" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" id="ix_55_fact" name="us-gaap:OtherLiabilitiesCurrent" scale="0" unitRef="usd">19,789</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td><span style="-keep: true">Shareholders (3)</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c363" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" id="ix_56_fact" name="us-gaap:OtherLiabilitiesCurrent" scale="0" unitRef="usd">142,130</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c364" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" id="ix_57_fact" name="us-gaap:OtherLiabilitiesCurrent" scale="0" unitRef="usd">152,382</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">Directors (4)</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c365" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" id="ix_58_fact" name="us-gaap:OtherLiabilitiesCurrent" scale="0" unitRef="usd">8,526</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c366" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" id="ix_59_fact" name="us-gaap:OtherLiabilitiesCurrent" scale="0" unitRef="usd">1,322</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="-keep: true">Total</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c356" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:OtherLiabilitiesCurrent" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46231">773,045</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c324" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:OtherLiabilitiesCurrent" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46232">173,493</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  </table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 24px; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(1)</span></td> <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:footnote id="ix_14_footnote" xml:lang="en-US">On April 11, 2024, May 10, 2024, August 15, 2024, and December 24, 2024, AiBtl received short-term loans from its founding shareholder, AiBtl Holding, for the principal amounts of $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c326" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:ShortTermBorrowings" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46234">40,000</ix:nonFraction>, $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c327" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:ShortTermBorrowings" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46235">60,000</ix:nonFraction>, $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c328" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:ShortTermBorrowings" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46236">33,732</ix:nonFraction>, and $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c329" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:ShortTermBorrowings" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46237">214,487</ix:nonFraction>, respectively, for the purpose of daily operations. These loans do not bear interest and are payable on demand.</ix:footnote> </span></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(2)</span></td> <td style="text-align: justify"><ix:footnote id="ix_15_footnote" xml:lang="en-US"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Since 2019, the Jiangs advanced funds to the Company for working capital purpose. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the outstanding balance due to the Jiangs amounted to $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c1" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:OutstandingBalanceAmount" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46238">274,170</ix:nonFraction> and $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c2" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:OutstandingBalanceAmount" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46239">19,789</ix:nonFraction>, respectively. These loans bear no interest and are due on demand.</span></ix:footnote></td></tr> </table>

<p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 24px; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(3)</span></td> <td style="text-align: justify"><ix:footnote id="ix_16_footnote" xml:lang="en-US"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Since 2018, the Company&#8217;s shareholders have advanced funds to the Company for working capital purpose. The advances bear interest rate around <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c97" decimals="2" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:AccountsPayableInterestBearingInterestRate" scale="-2" unitRef="pure" id="ixv-46240">12</ix:nonFraction>% per annum. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the outstanding principal and accrued interest was $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c1" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:OutstandingPrincipalAmount" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46241">172,112</ix:nonFraction> and $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c2" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:OutstandingPrincipalAmount" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46242">152,382</ix:nonFraction>, respectively. Interest expenses in connection with these loans were $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c330" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:InterestExpenseOther" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46243">21,101</ix:nonFraction> and $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c331" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:InterestExpenseOther" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46244">20,094</ix:nonFraction> for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.</span></ix:footnote></td></tr> </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -24.1pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 24px; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(4)</span></td> <td style="text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt"><ix:footnote id="ix_17_footnote" xml:lang="en-US"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, due to Directors amounted to $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c332" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:DebtInstrumentIncreaseAccruedInterest" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46245">8,526</ix:nonFraction> and $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c333" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:DebtInstrumentIncreaseAccruedInterest" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46246">1,322</ix:nonFraction>, respectively, were related to the daily operating expenses in 2024 and entity setup fee in 2023 paid by the Directors of AiBtl on behalf of the entity.</span></ix:footnote></td></tr> </table></ix:nonNumeric></ix:continuation><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -24.1pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p><div>

</div><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 142; Value: 1 --><div>
    </div><div style="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">F-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->35<!-- Field: /Sequence --></p></div><div>
    </div><div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div><div>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c7" escape="true" name="us-gaap:IncomeTaxDisclosureTextBlock" id="ixv-28995"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b style="-keep: true">11. INCOME TAXES</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c7" escape="true" name="us-gaap:ScheduleOfComponentsOfIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitTableTextBlock" id="ixv-29000"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in"><span style="-keep: true">Income tax
(benefit) expense for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 consisted of the following:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">Year Ended<br/> December 31,</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">2024</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">2023</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><span style="-keep: true">Current:</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td><span style="-keep: true">Federal</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-294"><span style="-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-295"><span style="-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td><span style="-keep: true">State</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-296"><span style="-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-297"><span style="-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 76%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">Foreign</span></td><td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">(<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c7" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:CurrentForeignTaxExpenseBenefit" scale="0" sign="-" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46247">110,539</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">)</span></td><td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c8" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:CurrentForeignTaxExpenseBenefit" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46248">140,338</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="-keep: true">Total Current</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c8" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:CurrentIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46250">140,338</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td><span style="-keep: true">Deferred:</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td><span style="-keep: true">Federal</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-298"><span style="-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-299"><span style="-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-300"><span style="-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

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    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">(<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c1" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLeaseAssets" scale="0" sign="-" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46261">178,014</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">)</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">(<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c2" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLeaseAssets" scale="0" sign="-" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46262">213,482</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">)</span></td></tr>
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    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">Deferred tax assets, Gross</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">Valuation allowance</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">(<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c1" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46265">6,390,636</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">)</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">(<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c2" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46266">5,731,566</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="-keep: true">Deferred tax assets, net</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-304"><span style="-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-305"><span style="-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  </table></ix:nonNumeric></ix:nonNumeric><div>


</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c7" continuedAt="_StockholdersEquityNoteDisclosureTextBlock-c7_cont_1" escape="true" name="us-gaap:StockholdersEquityNoteDisclosureTextBlock" id="ixv-29423"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b style="-keep: true">12. EQUITY</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">The Company previously reported that during
the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company entered into service agreements with Euro-Asia Investment &amp; Finance Corp Ltd. (a related
party), Ever Adventure inv. (Formosa) Consultant Co., Ltd., New Eastern Asia (a related party), and Kimho Consultants Co., Ltd. (a related
party) for the maintenance of the listing in the U.S. stock exchange market, investor relations, and business development. Pursuant to
the agreements, the Company issued <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c367" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesIssuedForServices" scale="0" unitRef="shares" id="ixv-46267">644,972</ix:nonFraction> shares of the Company&#8217;s common stock for the consulting service from July 2019 to July
2024 for the service fee of $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c367" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueIssuedForServices" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46268">4,514,800</ix:nonFraction> in aggregate, and recorded as stock subscription receivable. For the years ended December 31,
2024 (through June 30, 2024) and 2023, stock subscription receivable recognized as stock-based compensation in equity was $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c368" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueShareBasedCompensation" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46269">451,480</ix:nonFraction> and
$<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c369" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueShareBasedCompensation" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46270">902,960</ix:nonFraction>, respectively.&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">After further reviewed and investigation,
above services were completely provided by December 31, 2022. Pursuant to ASC 718, the costs of services should be recognized along with
the period when services are received. Therefore, the Company reversed share-based compensation expenses of $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c7" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46271">451,480</ix:nonFraction> and $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c8" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46272">902,960</ix:nonFraction> for
the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The accumulated deficit as of December 31, 2022 was corrected with the Stock
Subscription Receivables for $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c10" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:StockholdersEquityNoteSubscriptionsReceivable" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46273">1,354,440</ix:nonFraction> as a result of such adjustments.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">On January 3, 2023, the Company issued&#160;<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c370" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:CommonStockSharesIssued" scale="0" unitRef="shares" id="ixv-46274">22,341</ix:nonFraction>&#160;common
stock (post-split) to a consultant for providing consulting services on listing to NASDAQ in 2021.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">On July 27, 2023, the Company entered into
that certain securities purchase agreement. relating to the offer and sale of <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c371" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:SaleOfStockNumberOfSharesIssuedInTransaction" scale="0" unitRef="shares" id="ixv-46275">30,000</ix:nonFraction> shares of common stock (post-split) and <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c372" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfSecuritiesCalledByWarrantsOrRights" scale="0" unitRef="shares" id="ixv-46276">20,000</ix:nonFraction> pre-funded
warrants (post-split), at an exercise price of $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c373" decimals="3" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:ClassOfWarrantOrRightExercisePriceOfWarrantsOrRights1" scale="0" unitRef="usdPershares" id="ixv-46277">0.001</ix:nonFraction> per share, in a registered direct offering. Pursuant to the Purchase Agreement,
the Company agreed to sell the Shares and/or Pre-funded Warrants at a per share purchase price of $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c374" decimals="2" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:SharesIssuedPricePerShare" scale="0" unitRef="usdPershares" id="ixv-46278">3.50</ix:nonFraction>, for gross proceeds of $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c375" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:FairValueAdjustmentOfWarrants" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46279">1,750,000</ix:nonFraction>,
before deducting any estimated offering expenses. On August 1, 2023, <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c376" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfSecuritiesCalledByEachWarrantOrRight" scale="0" unitRef="shares" id="ixv-46280">200,000</ix:nonFraction>&#160;pre-funded warrants were exercised.</span></p></ix:nonNumeric><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><ix:continuation continuedAt="_StockholdersEquityNoteDisclosureTextBlock-c7_cont_2" id="_StockholdersEquityNoteDisclosureTextBlock-c7_cont_1"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">On August 14, 2023, the Company entered into
a cooperation agreement with Zhonghui. Pursuant thereto, the Company expect to receive <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c377" decimals="2" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:SaleOfStockPercentageOfOwnershipAfterTransaction" scale="-2" unitRef="pure" id="ixv-46281">20</ix:nonFraction>% of the ownership of a property and the parcel
of the land owned by Zhonghui in Leshan, Sichuan, China. During the third quarter of 2023, the Company issued to Zhonghui, an aggregate
of <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c378" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:AggregateCommonStockShares" scale="0" unitRef="shares" id="ixv-46282">370,000</ix:nonFraction> shares (post-split) of the Company&#8217;s common stock, at a per share price of $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c379" decimals="2" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:SharesIssuedPricePerShare" scale="0" unitRef="usdPershares" id="ixv-46283">1.87</ix:nonFraction>, for $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c378" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:ProceedsFromIssuanceOfCommonStock" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46284">691,900</ix:nonFraction>.&#160;The Company also
issued <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c377" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesIssuedForServices" scale="0" unitRef="shares" id="ixv-46285">29,600</ix:nonFraction> common stock to consultants for providing consulting services on the above transaction. Please refer Note 2 for the restatement
of prior year reported amounts.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">On January 27, 2024, the Company granted <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c380" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAvailableForGrant" scale="0" unitRef="shares" id="ixv-46286">1,302,726</ix:nonFraction>
restricted shares to its employees and directors under the 2016 Equity Incentive Plan as compensation for their previous services, with
an issuance date of February 2, 2024. These shares are subject to a three-year restriction period.</span></p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">On February 6, 2024, the Company entered into
a definitive agreement with Shuling Jiang (&#8220;Shuling&#8221;), pursuant to which Shuling shall transfer the ownership of certain
land she owns located at Taoyuan City, Taiwan (the &#8220;Land&#8221;) to the Company (the &#8220;Agreement&#8221;). Shuling is a director
of the Company, is married to TS Jiang, the Company&#8217;s Chief Strategic Officer and owns approximately <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c381" decimals="3" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage" scale="-2" unitRef="pure" id="ixv-46287">15.4</ix:nonFraction>% of the Company&#8217;s
issued and outstanding shares of common stock. In consideration for the Land, the Company was to pay Shuling (i) <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c382" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:AssetConsiderationCommonStock" scale="0" unitRef="shares" id="ixv-46288">703,496</ix:nonFraction> restricted shares
of the Company&#8217;s common stock (the &#8220;Shares&#8221;) at a price of $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c383" decimals="2" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare" scale="0" unitRef="usdPershares" id="ixv-46289">3.50</ix:nonFraction> per share and (ii) five-year warrants to purchase
up to <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c384" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfSecuritiesCalledByEachWarrantOrRight" scale="0" unitRef="shares" id="ixv-46290">1,000,000</ix:nonFraction> shares of the Company&#8217;s common stock, with an exercise price of $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c385" decimals="2" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:ClassOfWarrantOrRightExercisePriceOfWarrantsOrRights1" scale="0" unitRef="usdPershares" id="ixv-46291">2.00</ix:nonFraction> per share. Under the Agreement, Shuling was
to also transfer outstanding liability owed on the Land (approximately $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c386" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:OutstandingLiabilityOwnedAmount" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46292">500,000</ix:nonFraction>) to the Company. On May 16, 2024, the Company&#8217;s
board of directors determined that it was in the best interest of the Company and its shareholders to terminate the Agreement and not
proceed with the transfer of land ownership; the Company may reconsider the transaction at a later date. The shares were returned and
booked as treasury stock, and the warrants were not issued.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">On May 24, 2024, the Company issued <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c387" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:CommonStockSharesIssued" scale="0" unitRef="shares" id="ixv-46293">200,000</ix:nonFraction>
shares of common stock to a consultant for providing business and funding opportunities.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">In June 2024, the Company entered into a stock
purchase agreement with an investor, which the Company issued <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c388" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:CommonStockSharesIssued" scale="0" unitRef="shares" id="ixv-46294">41,387</ix:nonFraction> shares of common stock at $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c388" decimals="2" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare" scale="0" unitRef="usdPershares" id="ixv-46295">0.75</ix:nonFraction> per share to the investor for cash.
Due to certain stock transfer processes, one of the Company&#8217;s shareholders transferred such shares to the investor on behalf of
the company in July 2024; the company plans to issue the same number of shares to the transferring shareholder soon.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">In July 2024, the Company entered into an
agreement with its landlord in California, pursuant that the Company will make the rent payments in the Company&#8217;s common stocks.
As of December 31, 2024, the Company has issued <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c7" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues" scale="0" unitRef="shares" id="ixv-46296">399,384</ix:nonFraction> shares with average issuance price of $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c7" decimals="2" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:AverageIssuancePricePerShare" scale="0" unitRef="usdPershares" id="ixv-46297">0.68</ix:nonFraction> per share, for the monthly rent from
April 2024 and half month of December 2024, in total of $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c7" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:PaymentsForRent" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46298">271,827</ix:nonFraction>. The Company subsequently issued <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c389" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:CommonStockSharesIssuedForRent" scale="0" unitRef="shares" id="ixv-46299">80,654</ix:nonFraction> shares of its common stock for
each of the half month rent in the first quarter of 2025.</span></p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Noncontrolling Interests</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">AiBtl was incorporated
in January 2023 and issued <span style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-309"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-310"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c392" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:SaleOfStockNumberOfSharesIssuedInTransaction" scale="0" unitRef="shares" id="ixv-46300">20,000,000</ix:nonFraction></span></span> shares of its common stocks to the founding shareholder AiBtl Holding with the par value $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c393" decimals="4" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:SharesIssuedPricePerShare" scale="0" unitRef="usdPershares" id="ixv-46301">0.0001</ix:nonFraction>,
for $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c394" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:Cash" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46302">2,000</ix:nonFraction> at the time of incorporation. Due to certain administrative process, the previous issuance was not correctly and timely recorded
at AiBtl&#8217;s book which resulted in the correction of the previous reported non-controlling interest equity balance. Later in December
2023, AiBtl issued <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c395" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:NonControllingInterestConsiderationShare" scale="0" unitRef="shares" id="ixv-46303">23,000,000</ix:nonFraction> shares to ABVC and <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c396" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:NonControllingInterestConsiderationShare" scale="0" unitRef="shares" id="ixv-46304">23,000,000</ix:nonFraction> shares to BioLite, respectively, as a consideration for the Company&#8217;s
out-licensing products, as disclosed in Note 4. At the close of the transaction, AiBtl became the Company&#8217;s <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c397" decimals="4" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:MinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByNoncontrollingOwners" scale="-2" unitRef="pure" id="ixv-46305">60.70</ix:nonFraction>% owned subsidiary
included in the consolidated financial statements.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">On March 14, 2024, AiBtl issued <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c398" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:CommonStockSharesIssued" scale="0" unitRef="shares" id="ixv-46306">1,610,700</ix:nonFraction>
AiBtl&#8217;s common stocks to a land acquisition transaction in Taiwan, including the 1-year business consulting fee of $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c399" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:ConsultingFee" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46307">383,500</ix:nonFraction> incurred
beginning in November 2023, and the cost of land $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c400" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:Land" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46308">7,670,000</ix:nonFraction>. Due to certain administrative processes and restrictions, AiBtl has not
acquired ownership of the land and no asset was recognized.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">Yunzhiyi, a Taiwan corporation, was incorporated
in August 2024, with <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c401" decimals="2" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:MinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent" scale="-2" unitRef="pure" id="ixv-46309">90</ix:nonFraction>% owned by BioLite Taiwan and <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c402" decimals="2" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:MinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent" scale="-2" unitRef="pure" id="ixv-46310">10</ix:nonFraction>% owned by Shuling Jiang, the Company&#8217;s director. This entity is set up
for holding the land that AiBtl acquired in Taiwan for developing health related business in Taiwan. Due to certain administrative processes
and restrictions, the title transfer has not completed, and no asset was recognized as of the issuance of this report. However, AiBtl
entered a series of agreements with the sellers in March 2025, to obtain the complete rights and obligations of the land while in the
process of transferring the title. These agreements are effective until the tile transfer is completed. AiBtl recognized such asset on
its balance sheet in March 2025.</span></p></ix:continuation><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><ix:continuation id="_StockholdersEquityNoteDisclosureTextBlock-c7_cont_2"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Lind Offerings and Repayments</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">On February 23, 2023, in connection with the
issuance of the Lind Note (referring to Note 7), the Company issued Lind a <ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c403" format="ixt-sec:duryear" name="abvc:PurchaseWarrantTerm" id="ixv-46311">5</ix:nonNumeric>-year term of common stock purchase warrant to purchase up
to <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c404" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfSecuritiesCalledByEachWarrantOrRight" scale="0" unitRef="shares" id="ixv-46312">529,167</ix:nonFraction> shares (post-split) of the Company&#8217;s common stock at an initial exercise price of $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c405" decimals="1" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:WarrantExercisePriceDecrease" scale="0" unitRef="usdPershares" id="ixv-46313">10.5</ix:nonFraction> per share (post-split), subject
to adjustment. The warrant exercise price was reset to $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c406" decimals="1" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:ClassOfWarrantOrRightExercisePriceOfWarrantsOrRights1" scale="0" unitRef="usdPershares" id="ixv-46314">3.5</ix:nonFraction> in accordance with the issuance of common stock in relation to securities
purchase agreement in July 2023. On May 22, 2024, the exercise price of these warrants was further reset to $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c407" decimals="2" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:WarrantExercisePriceIncrease" scale="0" unitRef="usdPershares" id="ixv-46315">0.75</ix:nonFraction> along with the immediate
exercise of existing warrants and issuance of the New Warrants.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">During the years ended December 31, 2024 and
2023, the Company has made repayment of Lind Note with the Company&#8217;s common stock for <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c7" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:StockIssueDuringPeriodCommonShares" scale="0" unitRef="shares" id="ixv-46316">1,705,303</ix:nonFraction> shares and <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c8" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:StockIssueDuringPeriodCommonShares" scale="0" unitRef="shares" id="ixv-46317">3,732,167</ix:nonFraction> shares, respectively,
totaling $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c45" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:RepaymentsOfConvertibleDebt" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46318">593,714</ix:nonFraction> and $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c29" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:RepaymentsOfConvertibleDebt" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46319">1,786,686</ix:nonFraction>, respectively. As of December 31, 2024, the first Lind Note was fully repaid.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">On November 17, 2023, in connection with the
issuance of the 2<sup>nd</sup> Lind Note (referring to Note 7), Lind also received a <ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c250" format="ixt-sec:duryear" name="us-gaap:CreditDerivativeTerm1" id="ixv-46320">5</ix:nonNumeric>-year term of common stock purchase warrants to
purchase up to <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c408" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfSecuritiesCalledByWarrantsOrRights" scale="0" unitRef="shares" id="ixv-46321">1,000,000</ix:nonFraction> shares of the Company&#8217;s common stock at an initial exercise price of $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c250" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:WarrantExercisePriceIncrease" scale="0" unitRef="usdPershares" id="ixv-46322">2</ix:nonFraction> per share. The warrants were valued
using the Black-Scholes model and the fair value was determined to be $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c250" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:FairValueAdjustmentOfWarrants" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46323">480,795</ix:nonFraction>, which was recorded as a debt discount.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">On January 17, 2024, in connection with the
issuance of the 3<sup>rd</sup> Lind Note (referring to Note 7), Lind also received <ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c257" format="ixt-sec:duryear" name="us-gaap:CreditDerivativeTerm1" id="ixv-46324">5</ix:nonNumeric>-year term of common stock purchase warrants to purchase
up to <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c409" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfSecuritiesCalledByWarrantsOrRights" scale="0" unitRef="shares" id="ixv-46325">1,000,000</ix:nonFraction> shares of the Company&#8217;s common stock at an initial exercise price of $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c409" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:ClassOfWarrantOrRightExercisePriceOfWarrantsOrRights1" scale="0" unitRef="usdPershares" id="ixv-46326">2</ix:nonFraction> per share.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">On May 22, 2024, the Company and Lind entered
into a letter agreement, pursuant to which Lind will exercise, for cash, <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c410" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:SaleOfStockNumberOfSharesIssuedInTransaction" scale="0" unitRef="shares" id="ixv-46327">1,000,000</ix:nonFraction> of its Pre-Existing Warrants (all of the warrants
issued to Lind on February 23, 2023, November 17, 2023 and January 17, 2024 are hereinafter referred to as the &#8220;Pre-Existing Warrants&#8221;),
to purchase shares of Common Stock at a reduced exercise price of $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c411" decimals="2" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:WarrantExercisePriceDecrease" scale="0" unitRef="usdPershares" id="ixv-46328">0.75</ix:nonFraction> per share. Such <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c407" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:SaleOfStockNumberOfSharesIssuedInTransaction" scale="0" unitRef="shares" id="ixv-46329">1,000,000</ix:nonFraction> Pre-Existing Warrants exercised include
<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c412" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:DebtConversionConvertedInstrumentWarrantsOrOptionsIssued1" scale="0" unitRef="shares" id="ixv-46330">529,167</ix:nonFraction> warrants issued in February 2023 and <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c413" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:DebtConversionConvertedInstrumentWarrantsOrOptionsIssued1" scale="0" unitRef="shares" id="ixv-46331">470,833</ix:nonFraction> warrants issued in November 2023. Concurrently, the exercise price of all Pre-Existing
Warrants was reduced to $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c407" decimals="2" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:WarrantExercisePriceDecrease" scale="0" unitRef="usdPershares" id="ixv-46332">0.75</ix:nonFraction> per share according to this agreement. Lind also received new warrants to purchase <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c414" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfSecuritiesCalledByWarrantsOrRights" scale="0" unitRef="shares" id="ixv-46333">1,000,000</ix:nonFraction> shares of
common stock, exercisable at any time on or after the date of its issuance and until the five-year anniversary thereof, for $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c415" decimals="2" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:ClassOfWarrantOrRightExercisePriceOfWarrantsOrRights1" scale="0" unitRef="usdPershares" id="ixv-46334">1.00</ix:nonFraction> per
share (the &#8220;New Warrants&#8221;). The fair value of the New Warrants was determined to be $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c407" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:FairValueAdjustmentOfWarrants" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46335">925,210</ix:nonFraction> using the Black-Scholes model.
The New Warrants may be exercised via cashless exercise or resale pursuant to the registration statement that was declared effective.
As of December 31, 2024, Lind has exercised <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c416" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfSecuritiesCalledByEachWarrantOrRight" scale="0" unitRef="shares" id="ixv-46336">1,000,000</ix:nonFraction> shares of Pre-Existing Warrants and received <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c417" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:SaleOfStockNumberOfSharesIssuedInTransaction" scale="0" unitRef="shares" id="ixv-46337">1,000,000</ix:nonFraction> shares of New Warrants according
to this agreement. All warrants issued to Lind may be exercised via cashless exercise.</span></p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">During the year ended December 31, 2024, the
Company issued Lind in total of <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c418" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:CommonStockSharesIssued" scale="0" unitRef="shares" id="ixv-46338">800,000</ix:nonFraction> shares of the Company&#8217;s common stock as the repayment of $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c7" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:ProceedsFromRepaymentOfLoansToPurchaseCommonStock" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46339">800,000</ix:nonFraction> principal of 2<sup>nd</sup>
Lind Note. According to the amended agreement pursuant to Nasdaq requirements, the conversion price is subject to $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c419" decimals="2" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:DebtInstrumentConvertibleConversionPrice1" scale="0" unitRef="usdPershares" id="ixv-46340">1.00</ix:nonFraction> floor price if
the conversion price was below such floor, resulting in effective conversion price between $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c97" decimals="4" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:DebtInstrumentConvertibleConversionPrice1" scale="0" unitRef="usdPershares" id="ixv-46341">0.7907</ix:nonFraction> to $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c96" decimals="4" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:DebtInstrumentConvertibleConversionPrice1" scale="0" unitRef="usdPershares" id="ixv-46342">0.4932</ix:nonFraction>. The Company made additional
$<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c7" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:RepaymentsOfConvertibleDebt" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46343">327,017</ix:nonFraction> cash repayments, with $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c243" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:RepaymentsOfConvertibleDebt" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46344">127,759</ix:nonFraction> unpaid cash booked in Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities. As of the date of this
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">*</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><ix:footnote id="ix_18_footnote" xml:lang="en-US"><span style="-keep: true">On January 5, 2025, the Company and Lind entered into a third letter agreement (the &#8220;December Letter Agreement&#8221;), pursuant to which Lind agreed to exercise for cash, <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c421" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfSecuritiesCalledByWarrantsOrRights" scale="0" unitRef="shares" id="ixv-46360">1,029,167</ix:nonFraction> of the Existing Warrants to purchase shares of Common Stock, with a current exercise price of $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c422" decimals="2" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:ClassOfWarrantOrRightExercisePriceOfWarrantsOrRights1" scale="0" unitRef="usdPershares" id="ixv-46361">0.75</ix:nonFraction> per share, at a reduced exercise price of $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c423" decimals="2" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:ClassOfWarrantOrRightExercisePriceOfWarrantsOrRights1" scale="0" unitRef="usdPershares" id="ixv-46362">0.40</ix:nonFraction> per share. The weighted average exercise price per share as of December 31, 2024 was adjusted to the reduction accordingly.</span></ix:footnote></td>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c7" escape="true" name="us-gaap:DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsShareBasedPaymentsTextBlock" id="ixv-29777"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b style="-keep: true">13. STOCK OPTIONS</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">The Company has not granted any options during
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

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    <td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">-Basic &amp; Diluted</span></td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: black 4.5pt double"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td>
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  </table></ix:continuation>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">Diluted loss per share takes into account
the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue Common Stock were exercised and converted into Common
Stock. Since the Company suffered net loss for both years, any diluted shares would have anti-diluted effect.</span></p></ix:nonNumeric><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p><div>

</div><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 146; Value: 1 --><div>
    </div><div style="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">F-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->39<!-- Field: /Sequence --></p></div><div>
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    </div><!-- Field: /Page --><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c7" continuedAt="_LesseeOperatingLeasesTextBlock-c7_cont_1" escape="true" name="us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeasesTextBlock" id="ixv-30374"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b style="-keep: true">15. LEASE</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">The Company adopted FASB Accounting Standards
Codification, Topic 842, Leases (&#8220;ASC 842&#8221;) using the modified retrospective approach, electing the practical expedient that
allows the Company not to restate its comparative periods prior to the adoption of the standard on January 1, 2019.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">The Company applied the following practical
expedients in the transition to the new standard and allowed under ASC 842:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 24px"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 24px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Reassessment of expired
    or existing contracts: The Company elected not to reassess, at the application date, whether any expired or existing contracts contained
    leases, the lease classification for any expired or existing leases, and the accounting for initial direct costs for any existing
    leases.</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 24px"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 24px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Use of hindsight: The
    Company elected to use hindsight in determining the lease term (that is, when considering options to extend or terminate the lease
    and to purchase the underlying asset) and in assessing impairment of right-to-use assets.</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 24px"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 24px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Reassessment of existing
    or expired land easements: The Company elected not to evaluate existing or expired land easements that were not previously accounted
    for as leases under ASC 840, as allowed under the transition practical expedient. Going forward, new or modified land easements will
    be evaluated under ASU No. 2016-02.</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 24px"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 24px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Separation of lease
    and non- lease components: Lease agreements that contain both lease and non-lease components are generally accounted for separately.</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 24px"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 24px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Short-term lease recognition
    exemption: The Company also elected the short-term lease recognition exemption and will not recognize ROU assets or lease liabilities
    for leases with a term less than 12 months.</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">The new leasing standard requires recognition
of leases on the consolidated balance sheets as right-of-use (&#8220;ROU&#8221;) assets and lease liabilities. ROU assets represent the
Company&#8217;s right to use underlying assets for the lease terms and lease liabilities represent the Company&#8217;s obligation to
make lease payments arising from the leases. Operating lease ROU assets and operating lease liabilities are recognized based on the present
value and future minimum lease payments over the lease term at commencement date. The Company&#8217;s future minimum based payments used
to determine the Company&#8217;s lease liabilities mainly include minimum based rent payments. As most of Company&#8217;s leases do not
provide an implicit rate, the Company uses its estimated incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at commencement
date in determining the present value of lease payments.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">The Company recognized lease liabilities,
with corresponding ROU assets, based on the present value of unpaid lease payments for existing operating leases longer than twelve months.
The ROU assets were adjusted per ASC 842 transition guidance for existing lease-related balances of accrued and prepaid rent, unamortized
lease incentives provided by lessors, and restructuring liabilities. Operating lease cost is recognized as a single lease cost on a straight-line
basis over the lease term and is recorded in Selling, general and administrative expenses. Variable lease payments for common area maintenance,
property taxes and other operating expenses are recognized as expense in the period when the changes in facts and circumstances on which
the variable lease payments are based occur.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c7" escape="true" name="us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLeaseIncomeTableTextBlock" id="ixv-30445"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">The Company has no finance leases. The Company&#8217;s
leases primarily include various office and laboratory spaces, copy machine, and vehicles under various operating lease arrangements.
The Company&#8217;s operating leases have remaining lease terms of up to approximately five years.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">December&#160;31,<br/> 2024</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">December&#8239;31,<br/> 2023</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">ASSETS</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 76%; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">Operating lease right-of-use assets</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c1" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46385">640,387</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c2" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46386">809,283</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">LIABILITIES</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">Operating lease liabilities (current)</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c1" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46387">403,581</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c2" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46388">401,826</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">Operating lease liabilities (non-current)</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c1" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46389">236,807</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c2" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46390">407,457</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  </table></ix:nonNumeric></ix:nonNumeric><div>


</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p><div>

</div><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 147; Value: 1 --><div>
    </div><div style="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">F-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->40<!-- Field: /Sequence --></p></div><div>
    </div><div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div><div>
    </div><!-- Field: /Page --><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><ix:continuation id="_LesseeOperatingLeasesTextBlock-c7_cont_1"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b style="-keep: true"><i>Supplemental Information</i></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c7" escape="true" name="us-gaap:LeaseCostTableTextBlock" id="ixv-30582"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">The following provides details of the Company&#8217;s
lease expenses:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">Year Ended<br/> December 31,</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">2024</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">2023</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 76%; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">Operating lease expenses</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c7" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:OperatingLeaseExpense" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46391">514,420</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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  </table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">Other information related to leases is presented
below:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">Year Ended<br/> December 31,</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">2024</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">2023</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 76%; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of operating lease liabilities</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c429" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLeaseIncomeLeasePayments" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46393">484,181</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c430" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLeaseIncomeLeasePayments" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46394">358,576</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  </table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">December&#160;31,<br/> 2024</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">December&#160;31,<br/> 2023</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td><span style="-keep: true">Weighted Average Remaining Lease Term:</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; 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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c7" escape="true" name="us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityMaturityTableTextBlock" id="ixv-30796"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">The minimum future annual payments under non-cancellable
leases during the next five years and thereafter, at rates now in force, are as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center; font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">Operating<br/>
    leases</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 88%; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">2025</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c1" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueNextTwelveMonths" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46399">409,587</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">2026</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c1" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearTwo" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46400">104,236</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">2027</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c1" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearThree" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46401">47,320</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">2028</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c1" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearFour" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46402">47,320</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">2029</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">Thereafter</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-323"><span style="-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c1" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46404">655,782</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">(<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c1" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityUndiscountedExcessAmount" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46405">15,395</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">)</span></td></tr>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c1" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiability" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46406">640,387</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  </table></ix:nonNumeric></ix:continuation><div>


</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c7" escape="true" name="us-gaap:CommitmentsAndContingenciesDisclosureTextBlock" id="ixv-30929"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b style="-keep: true">16. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES</b>&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">In the ordinary course of business, the Company
may be subject to legal proceedings regarding contractual and employment relationships and a variety of other matters. The Company records
contingent liabilities resulting from such claims, when a loss is assessed to be probable, and the amount of the loss is reasonably estimable.
In the opinion of management, there were no pending or threatened claims and litigation as of December 31, 2024 and up through the date
of the consolidated financial statements was available to the issued.</span></p></ix:nonNumeric><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c7" escape="true" name="us-gaap:AssetAcquisitionTextBlock" id="ixv-30940"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b style="-keep: true">17. ACQUISITION</b>&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">On November 12, 2023, the Company and one
of its subsidiaries, BioLite, Inc. (&#8220;BioLite Taiwan&#8221;)&#160; each entered into a multi-year, global licensing agreement with
AiBtl BioPharma Inc. (&#8220;AiBtl&#8221;, or the acquired company) for the Company and BioLite Taiwan&#8217;s CNS drugs with the indications
of MDD (Major Depressive Disorder) and ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) (collectively, the &#8220;Licensed Products&#8221;).
The potential license will cover the Licensed Products&#8217; clinical trial, registration, manufacturing, supply, and distribution rights.
The parties are determined to collaborate on the global development of the Licensed Products. The parties are also working to strengthen
new drug development and business collaboration, including technology, interoperability, and standards development. As per each of the
respective agreements, each of ABVC and BioLite Taiwan received <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c431" decimals="-6" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:SharesReceived" scale="6" unitRef="shares" id="ixv-46407">23</ix:nonFraction> million shares of AiBtl stock and as a result, the Company has a controlling
interest over AiBtl. If certain milestones are met, the Company and BioLite Taiwan are each eligible to receive $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c432" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:BenefitsReceivableForMilestoneAttained" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46408">3,500,000</ix:nonFraction> and royalties
equaling <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c431" decimals="2" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:royaltiesPercentage" scale="-2" unitRef="pure" id="ixv-46409">5</ix:nonFraction>% of net sales, up to $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c431" decimals="-6" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:AcquisitionForNetSales" scale="6" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46410">100</ix:nonFraction> million.</span></p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">The Company concluded the assets acquired
and liabilities assumed did not meet the definition of a business as a limited number of inputs were acquired but no substantive business
processes or signs of output were acquired. As such, the acquisition was accounted for as an asset purchase. The purchase consideration
was nonmonetary assets (patent) and transfer on November12, 2023. <ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c7" continuedAt="_ScheduleOfRecognizedIdentifiedAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedTableTextBlock-c7_cont_1" escape="true" name="us-gaap:ScheduleOfRecognizedIdentifiedAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedTableTextBlock" id="ixv-46411">The equity interest transferred to ABVC and BioLite Taiwan on December
15, 2023.</ix:nonNumeric>&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:continuation id="_ScheduleOfRecognizedIdentifiedAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedTableTextBlock-c7_cont_1"><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">Cash and cash equivalents</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">S</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-324"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">-</span></div></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">Total assets acquired</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-325"><span style="-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 88%; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">Accrued expense</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">(<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c433" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedAccruedExpenseAndOtherCurrentLiabilities" scale="0" sign="-" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46412">243,888</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">)</span></td></tr>
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    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">Due to Director</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">(<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c433" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCurrentLiabilitiesLongTermDebt" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46413">498</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">Total liabilities acquired</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">(<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c433" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedNet" scale="0" sign="-" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46414">243,386</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">Total consideration (Intangible assets)</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-326"><span style="-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  </table></ix:continuation></ix:nonNumeric><div>


</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c7" escape="true" name="us-gaap:SubsequentEventsTextBlock" id="ixv-31028"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b style="-keep: true">18. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS</b>&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">On January 5, 2025, the Company and Lind entered
into a third letter agreement (the &#8220;December Letter Agreement&#8221;), pursuant to which Lind agreed to exercise for cash, <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c434" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfSecuritiesCalledByWarrantsOrRights" scale="0" unitRef="shares" id="ixv-46415">1,029,167</ix:nonFraction>
of the Existing Warrants to purchase shares of Common Stock, with a current exercise price of $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c434" decimals="2" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:ClassOfWarrantOrRightExercisePriceOfWarrantsOrRights1" scale="0" unitRef="usdPershares" id="ixv-46416">0.75</ix:nonFraction> per share, at a reduced exercise
price of $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c435" decimals="2" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:WarrantExercisePriceDecrease" scale="0" unitRef="usdPershares" id="ixv-46417">0.40</ix:nonFraction> per share.</span></p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">During the first quarter of 2025, Lind has
converted the remaining $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c436" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:DebtConversionOriginalDebtAmount1" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46418">400,000</ix:nonFraction> principal balance on 2<sup>nd</sup> Lind Note into <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c436" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:DebtConversionConvertedInstrumentSharesIssued1" scale="0" unitRef="shares" id="ixv-46419">400,000</ix:nonFraction> shares of the Company&#8217;s common stocks,
and converted $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c437" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:DebtConversionOriginalDebtAmount1" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46420">400,000</ix:nonFraction> of 3<sup>rd</sup> Lind Note principal balance into <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c437" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:DebtConversionConvertedInstrumentSharesIssued1" scale="0" unitRef="shares" id="ixv-46421">400,000</ix:nonFraction> the Company&#8217;s common stock, leaving 3<sup>rd</sup>
Lind Note with outstanding principal of $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c389" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:DebtConversionOriginalDebtAmount1" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46422">600,000</ix:nonFraction>.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">In April 2025, the Company conducted a private
offering of its common stock to several individual investors, issuing <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c438" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues" scale="0" unitRef="shares" id="ixv-46423">502,081</ix:nonFraction> unregistered shares at $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c439" decimals="2" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:UnregisteredPricePerShares" scale="0" unitRef="usdPershares" id="ixv-46424">0.60</ix:nonFraction> per share, raising a total
of $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c438" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:ProceedsFromIssuanceOfPrivatePlacement" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46425">301,250</ix:nonFraction>.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-keep: true">In April 2025, AiBtl issued <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c440" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues" scale="0" unitRef="shares" id="ixv-46426">1,800</ix:nonFraction> shares of
its common stock at $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c441" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:SharesIssuedPricePerShare" scale="0" unitRef="usdPershares" id="ixv-46427">5</ix:nonFraction> per share, raising a total of $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c440" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:ProceedsFromContributedCapital" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46428">9,000</ix:nonFraction> from an individual investor.</span></p></ix:nonNumeric><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p><div>

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</div><div><a id="f_007"></a></div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b style="-keep: true">ABVC BIOPHARMA, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b style="-keep: true">UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE
SHEETS</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">March 31</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">December 31</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">2025</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">2024</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">ASSETS</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><span style="-keep: true">Current Assets</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 0.125in; width: 76%; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">Cash and cash equivalents</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c5" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:CashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46429">152,206</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c1" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:CashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46430">248,382</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="padding-left: 0.125in; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">Restricted cash</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c5" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:RestrictedCashCurrent" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46431">607,362</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c1" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:RestrictedCashCurrent" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46432">615,433</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 0.125in"><span style="-keep: true">Inventories</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c5" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:InventoryNet" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46433">11,460</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="padding-left: 0.125in; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">Due from related parties</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c6" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:OtherReceivablesNetCurrent" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46434">537,119</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c3" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:OtherReceivablesNetCurrent" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46435">1,155,051</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 0.125in; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">Short-term investments</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c5" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:ShortTermInvestments" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46436">65,052</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c1" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:ShortTermInvestments" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46437">64,736</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="padding-left: 0.125in; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">Prepaid expense and other current assets</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c5" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46438">96,362</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c1" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46439">96,213</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">Total Current Assets</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c5" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:AssetsCurrent" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46440">1,469,561</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c1" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:AssetsCurrent" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46441">2,179,815</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">Property and equipment, net</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c5" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46442">8,168,746</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c1" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46443">511,088</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">Operating lease right-of-use assets</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c5" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46444">533,460</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c1" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46445">640,387</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">Long-term investments</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c5" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:LongTermInvestments" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46446">2,760,062</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c1" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:LongTermInvestments" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46447">2,258,754</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">Prepayment for long-term investments</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c5" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:PrepaymentForLongtermInvestmentsNoncurrent" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46448">1,124,842</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c1" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:PrepaymentForLongtermInvestmentsNoncurrent" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46449">1,124,842</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">Prepayment for asset acquisition</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c5" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsNoncurrent" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46450">691,900</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c1" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsNoncurrent" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46451">691,900</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">Other non-current assets</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c5" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:OtherAssetsNoncurrent" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46452">127,128</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c1" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:OtherAssetsNoncurrent" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46453">133,121</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 0.25in; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">Total Assets</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c5" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:Assets" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46454">14,875,699</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c1" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:Assets" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46455">7,539,907</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
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    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">Tenant security deposit</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c5" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:SecurityDepositLiability" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46470">21,680</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c5" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46472">166,985</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c1" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46473">236,807</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 0.25in; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">Total Liabilities</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c5" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:Liabilities" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46474">6,919,404</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td><span style="-keep: true">Equity</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
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    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-14"><span style="-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
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    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c5" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:StockSubscriptionReceivedInAdvance" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46490">31,040</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c1" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:StockSubscriptionReceivedInAdvance" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46491">31,040</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c5" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:AdditionalPaidInCapital" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46492">83,615,369</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c1" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:AdditionalPaidInCapital" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46493">78,595,065</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
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    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">(<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c5" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit" scale="0" sign="-" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46494">69,791,882</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">)</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">(<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c1" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit" scale="0" sign="-" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46495">68,949,807</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  </table><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><i style="-keep: true">The accompanying notes
are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.</i></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p><div>

</div><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 150; Value: 1 --><div>
    </div><div style="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">F-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->43<!-- Field: /Sequence --></p></div><div>
    </div><div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div><div>
    </div><!-- Field: /Page --><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><div><a id="f_008"></a></div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b style="-keep: true">ABVC BIOPHARMA, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b style="-keep: true">UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS
OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">Three Months Ended</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">March 31</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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    2025</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in; width: 76%; font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">Revenues</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-20"><span style="-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">Cost of revenues</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c9" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:CostOfRevenue" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46509">277</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in; font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">Gross (loss)
    profit</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c9" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:GrossProfit" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46510">928</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">Selling, general and administrative expenses</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c9" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:OperatingExpenses" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46518">2,839,183</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.25in; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">Other income (expenses)</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">Provision for income tax expense</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">Net loss attributable to noncontrolling
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">Foreign currency translation
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">(<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c9" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTax" scale="0" sign="-" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46543">48,236</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in"><span style="-keep: true">Net loss per share:</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">Basic and diluted</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">(<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c0" decimals="2" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:EarningsPerShareDiluted" scale="0" sign="-" unitRef="usdPershares" id="ixv-46546"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c0" decimals="2" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:EarningsPerShareBasic" scale="0" sign="-" unitRef="usdPershares" id="ixv-46547">0.06</ix:nonFraction></ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">)</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">(<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c9" decimals="2" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:EarningsPerShareDiluted" scale="0" sign="-" unitRef="usdPershares" id="ixv-46548"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c9" decimals="2" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:EarningsPerShareBasic" scale="0" sign="-" unitRef="usdPershares" id="ixv-46549">0.29</ix:nonFraction></ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in"><span style="-keep: true">Weighted average number of common shares outstanding:</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">Basic and diluted</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c0" decimals="INF" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding" scale="0" unitRef="shares" id="ixv-46550"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c0" decimals="INF" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic" scale="0" unitRef="shares" id="ixv-46551">14,968,232</ix:nonFraction></ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c9" decimals="INF" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding" scale="0" unitRef="shares" id="ixv-46552"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c9" decimals="INF" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic" scale="0" unitRef="shares" id="ixv-46553">9,736,150</ix:nonFraction></ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  </table><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><i style="-keep: true">The accompanying notes
are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.</i></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p><div>

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    </div><div style="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">F-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->44<!-- Field: /Sequence --></p></div><div>
    </div><div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div><div>
    </div><!-- Field: /Page --><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><div><a id="f_009"></a></div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b style="-keep: true">ABVC BIOPHARMA, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b style="-keep: true">UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS
OF CASH FLOWS</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">Three Months Ended</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">March 31</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">March 31<br/> 2025</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">2024 <br/> (Restated)</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">Cash flows from operating activities</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 76%; text-align: left; padding-left: 0.125in"><span style="-keep: true">Net loss</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">(<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c0" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:ProfitLoss" scale="0" sign="-" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46554">944,190</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">)</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">(<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c9" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:ProfitLoss" scale="0" sign="-" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46555">2,927,667</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 0.125in"><span style="-keep: true">Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 0.25in"><span style="-keep: true">Depreciation</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c0" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:Depreciation" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46556">7,021</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c9" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:Depreciation" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46557">1,286</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 0.25in"><span style="-keep: true">Stock-based compensation</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c0" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensation" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46558">48,773</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c9" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensation" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46559">2,031,631</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 0.25in"><span style="-keep: true">Provision for doubtful accounts</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-41"><span style="-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 0.25in"><span style="-keep: true">Other non-cash expenses</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c0" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:OtherNoncashIncomeExpense" scale="0" sign="-" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46560">210,040</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c9" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:OtherNoncashIncomeExpense" scale="0" sign="-" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46561">176,283</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 0.25in"><span style="-keep: true">Loss on investment in equity securities</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c0" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:GainLossOnInvestments" scale="0" sign="-" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46562">50,877</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-42"><span style="-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 0.25in"><span style="-keep: true">Amortization of right-of-use asset</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c0" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAssetAmortizationExpense" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46563">106,927</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c9" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAssetAmortizationExpense" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46564">101,260</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 0.25in"><span style="-keep: true">Changes in operating assets and liabilities:</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="padding-left: 0.375in"><span style="-keep: true">Inventories</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">(<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c0" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInInventories" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46565">11,460</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">)</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-43"><span style="-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 0.375in"><span style="-keep: true">Prepaid expenses and other current assets</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">(<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c0" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInPrepaidExpensesOther" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46566">149</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">)</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">(<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c9" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInPrepaidExpensesOther" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46567">53,380</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 0.375in"><span style="-keep: true">Due from related parties</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c0" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInDueFromRelatedParties" scale="0" sign="-" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46568">54,113</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">(<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c9" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInDueFromRelatedParties" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46569">140,364</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 0.375in"><span style="-keep: true">Other assets &#8211; tenant security deposit</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 0.375in"><span style="-keep: true">Accrued expenses and other current liabilities</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; padding-left: 0.375in"><span style="-keep: true">Operating lease liabilities</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; padding-left: 0.5in"><span style="-keep: true">Net cash used in operating activities</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">(<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c0" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities" scale="0" sign="-" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46575">539,833</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">)</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">(<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c9" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities" scale="0" sign="-" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46576">955,816</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">Cash flows from investing activities</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; padding-left: 0.5in"><span style="-keep: true">Net cash used in investing activities</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-45"><span style="-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-46"><span style="-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">Cash flows from financing activities</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 0.125in"><span style="-keep: true">Proceeds from short-term loans</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-47"><span style="-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c9" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:ProceedsFromShortTermDebt" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46577">30,000</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 0.125in"><span style="-keep: true">Repayment of short-term loans</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">(<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c0" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:RepaymentsOfShortTermDebt" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46578">29,250</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">)</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-48"><span style="-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 0.125in"><span style="-keep: true">Proceeds from issuance of warrants</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-49"><span style="-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c9" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:ProceedsFromIssuanceOfWarrants" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46579">394,071</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 0.125in"><span style="-keep: true">Proceeds from exercise of warrants</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c0" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:ProceedsFromWarrantExercises" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46580">411,667</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-50"><span style="-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 0.125in"><span style="-keep: true">Proceeds from convertible notes payable</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-51"><span style="-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c9" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:ProceedsFromConvertibleDebt" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46581">282,095</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; padding-left: 0.125in"><span style="-keep: true">Due to related parties, net</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c0" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:ProceedsFromRelatedPartyDebt" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46582">46,339</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c9" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:ProceedsFromRelatedPartyDebt" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46583">217,981</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; padding-left: 0.5in"><span style="-keep: true">Net cash provided by financing activities</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c0" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46584">428,756</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c9" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46585">924,147</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c0" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46586">6,830</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">(<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c9" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents" scale="0" sign="-" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46587">26,109</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">(<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c0" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseIncludingExchangeRateEffect" scale="0" sign="-" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46588">104,247</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">)</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">(<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c9" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseIncludingExchangeRateEffect" scale="0" sign="-" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46589">57,778</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">Beginning</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c1" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46590">863,815</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c2" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46591">716,780</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
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    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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  </table><div>



</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><i style="-keep: true">The accompanying notes
are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.</i></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p><div>

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    </div><!-- Field: /Page --><div>

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</div><div><a id="f_010"></a></div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b style="-keep: true">ABVC BIOPHARMA, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b style="-keep: true">UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS
OF STOCKHOLDERS&#8217; EQUITY (DEFICIT)</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
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    <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></td><td style="text-align: center; white-space: nowrap; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></td><td style="text-align: center; white-space: nowrap; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></td><td style="text-align: center; white-space: nowrap; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></td><td style="text-align: center; white-space: nowrap; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></td>
    <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"><b>Treasury
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    <td colspan="2" style="vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: center; white-space: nowrap; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></td><td style="text-align: center; white-space: nowrap; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-220"><span style="font-size: 8pt">-</span></div></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-222"><span style="font-size: 8pt">-</span></div></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
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    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-223"><span style="font-size: 8pt">-</span></div></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-224"><span style="font-size: 8pt">-</span></div></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-231"><span style="font-size: 8pt">-</span></div></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-232"><span style="font-size: 8pt">-</span></div></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-233"><span style="font-size: 8pt">-</span></div></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">Issuance of subsidiary&#8217;s
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    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-234"><span style="font-size: 8pt">-</span></div></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-235"><span style="font-size: 8pt">-</span></div></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-236"><span style="font-size: 8pt">-</span></div></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-237"><span style="font-size: 8pt">-</span></div></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">Decrease in ownership of
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    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-239"><span style="font-size: 8pt">-</span></div></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-240"><span style="font-size: 8pt">-</span></div></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-241"><span style="font-size: 8pt">-</span></div></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-242"><span style="font-size: 8pt">-</span></div></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-243"><span style="font-size: 8pt">-</span></div></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">(<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c67" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalStockIssuedIssuanceCosts" scale="0" sign="-" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46627">4,786</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">)</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-244"><span style="font-size: 8pt">-</span></div></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">Net loss for the period</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-245"><span style="font-size: 8pt">-</span></div></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-246"><span style="font-size: 8pt">-</span></div></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-247"><span style="font-size: 8pt">-</span></div></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-248"><span style="font-size: 8pt">-</span></div></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-249"><span style="font-size: 8pt">-</span></div></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">(<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c67" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:ProfitLoss" scale="0" sign="-" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46629">93,468</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">)</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">(<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c9" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:ProfitLoss" scale="0" sign="-" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46630">2,927,667</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.25in; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">Cumulative
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">-</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-250"><span style="font-size: 8pt">-</span></div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-251"><span style="font-size: 8pt">-</span></div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-252"><span style="font-size: 8pt">-</span></div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">(<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c65" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:CumulativeTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTaxPeriodIncreaseDecrease" scale="0" sign="-" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46631">48,236</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">)</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">-</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-253"><span style="font-size: 8pt">-</span></div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-254"><span style="font-size: 8pt">-</span></div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-size: 8pt">Balance at December 31,
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    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">$</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c1" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46651">723,959</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">Issuance of common shares
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    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c75" decimals="INF" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:IssuanceOfCommonShareForLindCNRepayment" scale="0" unitRef="shares" id="ixv-46652">400,000</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c0" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueIssuanceOfCommonSharesForLindCN" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46655">47,579</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.25in"><span style="font-size: 8pt">Issuance of common shares for exercise of
    warrants</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c76" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueIssuanceOfCommonSharesForExerciseOfWarrants" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46658">410,638</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c0" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueIssuanceOfCommonSharesForExerciseOfWarrants" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46659">411,667</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
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  </table><div>


</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><i style="-keep: true">The accompanying notes
are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.</i></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p><div>

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</div><div><a id="f_011"></a></div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b style="-keep: true">ABVC BIOPHARMA, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b style="-keep: true">NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b style="-keep: true">&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c0" escape="true" name="us-gaap:BusinessDescriptionAndBasisOfPresentationTextBlock" id="ixv-35742"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b style="-keep: true">1. ORGANIZATION AND DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b style="-keep: true">&#160;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">ABVC BioPharma, Inc. (the &#8220;Company&#8221;),
formerly known as American BriVision (Holding) Corporation, a Nevada corporation, through the Company&#8217;s operating entity, American
BriVision Corporation (&#8220;BriVision&#8221;), which was incorporated in July 2015 in the State of Delaware, engages in biotechnology
to fulfill unmet medical needs and focuses on the development of new drugs and medical devices derived from plants. BriVision develops
its pipeline by carefully tracking new medical discoveries or medical device technologies in research institutions in the Asia-Pacific
region. Pre-clinical, disease animal model and Phase I safety studies are examined closely by the Company to identify drugs that BriVision
believes demonstrate efficacy and safety. Once a drug appears to be a good candidate for development and ultimately commercialization,
BriVision licenses the drug or medical device from the original researchers and begins to introduce the drugs clinical plan to highly
respected principal investigators in the United States, Australia and Taiwan to conduct a Phase II clinical trial. At present, clinical
trials for the Company&#8217;s drugs and medical devices are being conducted at such world-famous institutions including Stanford University,
University of California San Fransisco (UCSF) and Cedar Sinai Medical Centre (CSMC).</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">The Company has four wholly-owned subsidiaries,
BriVision, BioLite Holding Inc. (&#8220;BioLite Holding&#8221;), BioKey Inc. (&#8220;BioKey&#8221;), BioKey (Cayman), Inc (&#8220;BioKey
Cayman&#8221;), and a majority-owned subsidiary, AiBtl BioPharma Inc. (&#8220;AiBtl&#8221;).</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">BioLite Holding was incorporated in the State
of Nevada with wholly owned subsidiary BioLite BVI, Inc. (&#8220;BioLite BVI&#8221;) that was incorporated in the <ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c442" name="us-gaap:SubsidiaryOfLimitedLiabilityCompanyOrLimitedPartnershipState" id="ixv-46682">British Virgin Islands</ix:nonNumeric>.
BioLite BVI holds <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c442" decimals="2" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:SubsidiaryOfLimitedLiabilityCompanyOrLimitedPartnershipOwnershipInterest" scale="-2" unitRef="pure" id="ixv-46683">73</ix:nonFraction>% ownership of BioLite Inc. (&#8220;BioLite Taiwan&#8221;), a Taiwanese corporation that was founded in February
2006. BioLite Taiwan has been in the business of developing new drugs since it was incorporated.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">Yunzhiyi, a Taiwanese corporation, was incorporated
in August 2024, with <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c443" decimals="2" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:SubsidiaryOfLimitedLiabilityCompanyOrLimitedPartnershipOwnershipInterest" scale="-2" unitRef="pure" id="ixv-46684">90</ix:nonFraction>% owned by BioLite Taiwan and <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c444" decimals="2" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:SubsidiaryOfLimitedLiabilityCompanyOrLimitedPartnershipOwnershipInterest" scale="-2" unitRef="pure" id="ixv-46685">10</ix:nonFraction>% owned by Shuling Jiang, the Company&#8217;s director. This entity is set up
for holding the land that AiBtl is working to acquire in Puli, Taiwan for developing health related business in Taiwan.</span></p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">Incorporated in California on November 20,
2000, BioKey has chosen to initially focus on developing generic drugs to ride the opportunity of the booming industry.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">BioKey Cayman was incorporated in Cayman Islands
in July 2023, which is <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c445" decimals="2" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:SubsidiaryOfLimitedLiabilityCompanyOrLimitedPartnershipOwnershipInterest" scale="-2" unitRef="pure" id="ixv-46686">100</ix:nonFraction>% owned by ABVC. This subsidiary has no activities since inception.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">AiBtl BioPharma, Inc. was acquired by the
Company with the transaction of the collaborative licensing agreements. On November 12, 2023, the Company and BioLite Taiwan each entered
into a multi-year, global licensing agreement with AiBtl for the Company and BioLite Taiwan&#8217;s CNS drugs with the indications of
MDD (Major Depressive Disorder) and ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) (collectively, the &#8220;Licensed Products&#8221;).
The potential license will cover the Licensed Products&#8217; clinical trial, registration, manufacturing, supply, and distribution rights.
The parties are determined to collaborate on the global development of the Licensed Products. The parties are also working to strengthen
new drug development and business collaboration, including technology, interoperability, and standards development. As per each of the
respective agreements, each of ABVC and BioLite Taiwan received <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c446" decimals="-6" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues" scale="6" unitRef="shares" id="ixv-46687">23</ix:nonFraction> million shares of AiBtl stock and as a result, the Company has a controlling
interest over AiBtl. If certain milestones are met, the Company and BioLite Taiwan are each eligible to receive $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c5" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:BenefitsReceivableForMilestoneAttained" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46688">3,500,000</ix:nonFraction> and royalties
equaling <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c0" decimals="2" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:PercentageOfRoyaltiesEqualing" scale="-2" unitRef="pure" id="ixv-46689">5</ix:nonFraction>% of net sales, up to $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c0" decimals="-6" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:AcquisitionForNetSales" scale="6" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46690">100</ix:nonFraction> million. The financial statements of AiBtl are included in the Company&#8217;s consolidated financial
statements. As a result of these transactions, the Company became a controlling parent of AiBtl, with <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c447" decimals="4" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:MinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent" scale="-2" unitRef="pure" id="ixv-46691">58.85</ix:nonFraction>% of group ownership over
AiBtl.</span></p></ix:nonNumeric><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>


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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 40.2pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c0" continuedAt="abvc_LiquidityGoingConcernAndRestatementTextBlock-c0_cont_1" escape="true" name="abvc:LiquidityGoingConcernAndRestatementTextBlock" id="ixv-35788"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b style="-keep: true">2. LIQUIDITY, GOING CONCERN, AND RESTATEMENT</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b style="-keep: true"><i>Liquidity and Going Concern</i></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">The accompanying financial statements have
been prepared in conformity with the generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (the &#8220;U.S. GAAP&#8221;)
which contemplates continuation of the Company on a going concern basis. The going concern basis assumes that assets are realized, and
liabilities are settled in the ordinary course of business at amounts disclosed in the financial statements. The Company&#8217;s ability
to continue as a going concern depends upon its ability to market and sell its products to generate positive operating cash flows. For
the three months ended March 31, 2025, the Company reported net loss of $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c0" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:NetIncomeLossAvailableToCommonStockholdersBasic" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46692">944,190</ix:nonFraction>. As of March 31, 2025, the Company&#8217;s working capital
deficit was $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c0" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:WorkingCapitalDeficit" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46693">5,261,178</ix:nonFraction>.&#160; In addition, the Company had net cash outflows of $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c0" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities" scale="0" sign="-" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46694">539,833</ix:nonFraction>&#160;from operating activities for the three
months ended March 31, 2025. These conditions give rise to substantial doubt as to whether the Company will be able to continue as a
going concern.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">To sustain its ability to support the Company&#8217;s
operating activities, the Company may have to consider supplementing its available sources of funds through the following sources:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">cash
    generated from operations;</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">other available sources
    of financing from banks and other financial institutions in the U.S. and in Taiwan; and</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">financial support from
    the Company&#8217;s related parties and shareholders.</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">Management&#8217;s plan is to continue to
improve operations to generate positive cash flows and raise additional capital through private or public offerings, or financial support
from related parties or shareholders. If the Company is not able to generate positive operating cash flows, and raise additional capital,
there is the risk that the Company may not be able to meet its short-term obligations. All of these factors raise substantial doubt about
the ability of the Company to continue as a going concern. The interim condensed consolidated financial statements as of March 31, 2025,
and for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 have been prepared on a going concern basis and do not include any adjustments
to reflect the possible future effects on the recoverability and classifications of assets or the amounts and classifications of liabilities
that may result from the inability of the Company to continue as a going concern.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b style="-keep: true">&#160;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b style="-keep: true"><i>Restatement Background and Explanation</i></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 8pt; text-align: justify"><b style="-keep: true"><i>&#160;</i></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">The Company has restated its financial statements
as of and for the year ended December 31, 2023, to correct misstatements in those prior periods related to improperly applying accounting
guidance on the share-based payments, incorrectly recognizing interest expenses upon the conversion of convertible debts, and misidentifying
the existence of non-controlling interest of our subsidiary. These restatements also resulted in the restatements of the relevant accounts
as of and for the three months ended March 31, 2024.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 8pt; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">As disclosed in Note 5, the Company entered
into a cooperation agreement on August 14, 2023 with Zhong Hui Lian He Ji Tuan, Ltd. (the &#8220;Zhonghui&#8221;) to acquire <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c92" decimals="2" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:MinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent" scale="-2" unitRef="pure" id="ixv-46695">20</ix:nonFraction>% of the
ownership of certain property and a parcel of the land. According to the agreement, the Company issued <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c93" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesIssuanceOfCommonSharesForAcquisitionOfProperty" scale="0" unitRef="shares" id="ixv-46696">370,000</ix:nonFraction> shares of its common stock
as the consideration, and used $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c94" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:SharesIssuedPricePerShare" scale="0" unitRef="usdPershares" id="ixv-46697">20</ix:nonFraction> dollar per share to recognize the right as construction in progress on the balance sheet.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 8pt; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">At the time of preparing its 2024 financial
statements, the Company reviewed the entire transaction, its relevant agreements and documentation, as well as the applicable accounting
guidance. The Company applied FASB Accounting Standard Codification (&#8220;ASC&#8221;) 845 Nonmonetary Transactions to determine the
fair value of the asset acquired would be more evident than the fair value of the consideration in exchange, the Company&#8217;s restricted
common stocks. The real estates acquired comes with a third-party valuation of $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c448" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:RealEstateOwnedValuationAllowance" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46698">7,400,000</ix:nonFraction> per the Company&#8217;s stake, which the value
of the acquired assets is guaranteed by Zhonghui. Upon further review, the Company considered ASC 718 Compensation &#8211; Stock Compensation,
should have been the appropriate guidance to apply given the Company&#8217;s common stocks are listed in Nasdaq with more observable
fair value (Level 1). Furthermore, at the time of issuance of these financial statements, no real estate title was transferred to the
Company. As a result, the Company adjusted the carrying value of the asset and reclassified the balance to &#8220;Prepayment for asset
acquisition&#8221; account to reflect the value of <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c0" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesAcquisitions" scale="0" unitRef="shares" id="ixv-46699">370,000</ix:nonFraction> shares issued at $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c5" decimals="2" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:SharesIssuedPricePerShare" scale="0" unitRef="usdPershares" id="ixv-46700">1.87</ix:nonFraction>, the closing price as of the contract date. The Company
also corrected the share price used to recognize stock compensation expense from $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c449" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:SharesIssuedPricePerShare" scale="0" unitRef="usdPershares" id="ixv-46701">20</ix:nonFraction> to $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c450" decimals="2" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:SharesIssuedPricePerShare" scale="0" unitRef="usdPershares" id="ixv-46702">1.87</ix:nonFraction> for the <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c5" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAuthorized" scale="0" unitRef="shares" id="ixv-46703">29,600</ix:nonFraction> shares of common stock issued
on the same day to several consultants. As a result, these adjustments reduced $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c98" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:Assets" scale="0" sign="-" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46704">6,708,100</ix:nonFraction> for asset recognized and $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c28" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpenseNetOfTax" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46705">536,648</ix:nonFraction> for stock-compensation
expense incurred in 2023.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">In February 2023, the Company issued a convertible
note to LIND Global Fund II, LP (Note 7). Due to misapplication of ASC 470-20 instead of ASC 815-40, the Company overstated interest
expenses $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c28" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:InterestExpenseOther" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46706">1,179,669</ix:nonFraction> for the year ended December 31, 2023. The overstatement is offsetting against additional paid-in capital due to the
convertible note being converted to the Company&#8217;s own common stocks instead of being repaid or disposition.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">In November 2023, the Company and one of its
subsidiaries entered into a licensing agreement with AiBtl. The Company accounted for a <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c99" decimals="2" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:MinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent" scale="-2" unitRef="pure" id="ixv-46707">100</ix:nonFraction>% control of AiBtl as of December 31, 2023,
but later discovered that AiBtl had outstanding founder shares that were not deposited to the stock transfer agent in the timely manner.
Such shares reduced the Company&#8217;s controlling interest from <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c451" decimals="2" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:MinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent" scale="-2" unitRef="pure" id="ixv-46708">100</ix:nonFraction>% to <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c452" decimals="4" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:MinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent" scale="-2" unitRef="pure" id="ixv-46709">69.70</ix:nonFraction>% as of December 31, 2023. Accordingly, the Company adjusted
the relevant accounts in our consolidated financial statements.</span></p></ix:nonNumeric><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p><div>

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    </div><div style="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">F-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->48<!-- Field: /Sequence --></p></div><div>
    </div><div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div><div>
    </div><!-- Field: /Page --><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><ix:continuation id="abvc_LiquidityGoingConcernAndRestatementTextBlock-c0_cont_1"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">As discussed in Note 12, in July 2019 the
Company issued <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c102" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockSplits" scale="0" unitRef="shares" id="ixv-46710">644,972</ix:nonFraction> shares (post-split) of the Company&#8217;s common stock to four consultants for their services. Such stock-based
expenses were amortized over <ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c0" format="ixt-sec:duryear" name="abvc:StockBasedExpensesAmortizationPeriod" id="ixv-46711">5</ix:nonNumeric> years starting from the issuance date. Per the Company&#8217;s further review, the services, along with
the agreements, were completed by December 31, 2022. Pursuant to ASC 718, the costs of services should be recognized along with the period
when services are received. Therefore, the Company reversed share-based compensation expenses of $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c7" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46712">451,480</ix:nonFraction> and $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c8" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46713">902,960</ix:nonFraction> for the years
ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The accumulated deficit as of December 31, 2022 was corrected with the Stock Subscription
Receivables for $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c10" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:StockholdersEquityNoteSubscriptionsReceivable" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46714">1,354,440</ix:nonFraction> as a result of such adjustments.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">Please read the impacts of the 2023 restatement
in our audited 2024 consolidated financial statements filed in our Form 10-K with the SEC on April 15, 2025.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 8pt; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b style="-keep: true"><i>Impact of the Restatement to the March
31, 2024 interim financial statements</i></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 8pt; text-align: justify"><b style="-keep: true"><i>&#160;</i></b></p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c0" escape="true" name="srt:ScheduleOfCondensedFinancialStatementsTableTextBlock" id="ixv-35896"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">The impact of the restatement on the balance
sheets, statements of operations, and statements of cash flows as of and for the three months ended March 31, 2024 is presented below.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b style="-keep: true">&#160;</b></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="10" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">March 31, 2024</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><b style="-keep: true">Unaudited
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">Prepayment for asset acquisition</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c455" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsNoncurrent" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46722">691,900</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c454" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:ConvertibleNotesPayable" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46730">29,769</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c455" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:ConvertibleNotesPayable" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46731">872,336</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
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    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c456" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:OtherLiabilitiesCurrent" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46732">301,972</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c457" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:OtherLiabilitiesCurrent" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46733">89,502</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c458" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:OtherLiabilitiesCurrent" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46734">391,474</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
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    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">(<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c454" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:Liabilities" scale="0" sign="-" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46739">455,908</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">)</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
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  </table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="10" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">Three Months Ended March 31,
    2024</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">Stock based compensation</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c459" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensation" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46759">2,544,995</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">(<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c459" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:InterestExpense" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46762">684,683</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">)</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c460" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:InterestExpense" scale="0" sign="-" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46763">503,007</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">(<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c461" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:InterestExpense" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46764">181,676</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
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    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">(<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c459" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:NetIncomeLossAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest" scale="0" sign="-" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46765">48,043</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">)</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">(<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c460" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:NetIncomeLossAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest" scale="0" sign="-" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46766">45,425</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">)</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">(<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c461" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:NetIncomeLossAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest" scale="0" sign="-" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46767">93,468</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">Net loss</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">(<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c459" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest" scale="0" sign="-" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46768">3,981,019</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">)</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c460" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46769">1,053,352</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">(<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c461" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest" scale="0" sign="-" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46770">2,927,667</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">Basic and diluted net loss per common share</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">(<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c459" decimals="2" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:EarningsPerShareDiluted" scale="0" sign="-" unitRef="usdPershares" id="ixv-46771"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c459" decimals="2" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:EarningsPerShareBasic" scale="0" sign="-" unitRef="usdPershares" id="ixv-46772">0.40</ix:nonFraction></ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">)</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">(<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c461" decimals="2" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:EarningsPerShareDiluted" scale="0" sign="-" unitRef="usdPershares" id="ixv-46775"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c461" decimals="2" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:EarningsPerShareBasic" scale="0" sign="-" unitRef="usdPershares" id="ixv-46776">0.29</ix:nonFraction></ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">)</span></td></tr>
  </table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="10" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">Three Months Ended March 31,
    2024</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold"><p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="-keep: true">Unaudited Condensed</span></p>
                                                                    <p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="-keep: true">Consolidated Statements
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    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">As Reported</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">Adjustments</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">As Restated</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 64%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">Net loss</span></td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">(<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c459" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:NetIncomeLossAvailableToCommonStockholdersBasic" scale="0" sign="-" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46777">3,981,019</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">)</span></td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c460" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:NetIncomeLossAvailableToCommonStockholdersBasic" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46778">1,053,355</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">(<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c461" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:NetIncomeLossAvailableToCommonStockholdersBasic" scale="0" sign="-" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46779">2,927,664</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">Stock-based compensation</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c459" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensation" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46780">2,544,995</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">(<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c460" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensation" scale="0" sign="-" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46781">513,364</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">)</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c461" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensation" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46782">2,031,631</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
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    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">(<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c459" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:EffectOfExchangeRateChangeOnCashAndCashEquivalentsAndRestrictedCash" scale="0" sign="-" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46799">260,783</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">)</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">(<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c461" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:EffectOfExchangeRateChangeOnCashAndCashEquivalentsAndRestrictedCash" scale="0" sign="-" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46801">26,109</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">Issuance of common stock for conversion of debt</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c459" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:IssuanceOfCommonStockForConversionOfDebt" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46802">681,000</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c460" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:IssuanceOfCommonStockForConversionOfDebt" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46803">213,426</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c461" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:IssuanceOfCommonStockForConversionOfDebt" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46804">467,574</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  </table>


<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 0in"/><td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">*</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><ix:footnote id="ix_19_footnote" xml:lang="en-US"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Due to related parties previously reported amount was reclassified to financing activities based on current year&#8217;s presentation.</span></ix:footnote></td>
</tr></table></ix:nonNumeric></ix:continuation><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>


</div><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 156; Value: 1 --><div>
    </div><div style="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">F-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->49<!-- Field: /Sequence --></p></div><div>
    </div><div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div><div>
    </div><!-- Field: /Page --><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c0" continuedAt="_SignificantAccountingPoliciesTextBlock-c0_cont_1" escape="true" name="us-gaap:SignificantAccountingPoliciesTextBlock" id="ixv-36949"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b style="-keep: true">3. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c0" continuedAt="_BasisOfAccountingPolicyPolicyTextBlock-c0_cont_1" escape="true" name="us-gaap:BasisOfAccountingPolicyPolicyTextBlock" id="ixv-36954"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Basis of Presentation</span></p></ix:nonNumeric>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:continuation continuedAt="_BasisOfAccountingPolicyPolicyTextBlock-c0_cont_2" id="_BasisOfAccountingPolicyPolicyTextBlock-c0_cont_1"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration: none">The accompanying
unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the generally accepted accounting
principles in the United States of America (the &#8220;U.S. GAAP&#8221;). All significant intercompany transactions and account balances
have been eliminated. These financial statements do not include all the information and footnotes required by the U.S. GAAP for complete
financial statements. Certain information and note disclosures normally included in the annual financial statements prepared in accordance
with the U.S. GAAP have been condensed or omitted consistent with Article 8 of Regulation S-X. In the opinion of the Company&#8217;s
management, the unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the same basis as the audited financial
statements and include all adjustments, in a normal recurring nature, as necessary for the fair statement of the Company&#8217;s financial
position as of March 31, 2025, and results of operations and cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024. The unaudited
interim condensed consolidated balance sheet as of March 31, 2025 has been derived from the audited financial statements at December
31, 2024, and interim results of operations are not necessarily indicative of the results expected for the full fiscal year or for any
future period. These financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements as of and
for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, and related notes included in the Company&#8217;s audited consolidated financial statements.</span></p></ix:continuation>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:continuation id="_BasisOfAccountingPolicyPolicyTextBlock-c0_cont_2"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration: none">This basis
of accounting involves the application of accrual accounting and consequently, revenues and gains are recognized when earned, and expenses
and losses are recognized when incurred. The Company&#8217;s unaudited financial statements are expressed in U.S. dollars.</span></p></ix:continuation>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c0" continuedAt="_PriorPeriodReclassificationAdjustmentDescription-c0_cont_1" escape="true" name="us-gaap:PriorPeriodReclassificationAdjustmentDescription" id="ixv-36969"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Reclassifications</span>:</span></p></ix:nonNumeric>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:continuation id="_PriorPeriodReclassificationAdjustmentDescription-c0_cont_1"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration: none">Certain
amounts on the prior year&#8217;s condensed consolidated balance sheets, condensed consolidated statements of operations and condensed
cash flows were reclassified to conform to the current-year presentation, with no effect on ending stockholders&#8217; equity.</span></p></ix:continuation>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c0" continuedAt="_UseOfEstimates-c0_cont_1" escape="true" name="us-gaap:UseOfEstimates" id="ixv-36980"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Use of Estimates</span></p></ix:nonNumeric>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:continuation id="_UseOfEstimates-c0_cont_1"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">The preparation of financial statements in
conformity with the U.S. GAAP that requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and
liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the amount of
revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results could differ materially from those results.</span></p></ix:continuation>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c0" continuedAt="_FairValueMeasurementPolicyPolicyTextBlock-c0_cont_1" escape="true" name="us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementPolicyPolicyTextBlock" id="ixv-36990"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Fair Value Measurements</span></p></ix:nonNumeric>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:continuation continuedAt="_FairValueMeasurementPolicyPolicyTextBlock-c0_cont_2" id="_FairValueMeasurementPolicyPolicyTextBlock-c0_cont_1"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">ASC 820 &#8220;Fair Value Measurements&#8221;
defines fair value for certain financial and nonfinancial assets and liabilities that are recorded at fair value, establishes a framework
for measuring fair value and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. It requires that an entity measure its financial instruments
to base fair value on exit price, maximize the use of observable units and minimize the use of unobservable inputs to determine the exit
price. It establishes a hierarchy which prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value. This hierarchy increases
the consistency and comparability of fair value measurements and related disclosures by maximizing the use of observable inputs and minimizing
the use of unobservable inputs by requiring that observable inputs be used when available. Observable inputs are inputs that reflect
the assumptions market participants would use in pricing the assets or liabilities based on market data obtained from sources independent
of the Company. Unobservable inputs are inputs that reflect the Company&#8217;s own assumptions about the assumptions market participants
would use in pricing the asset or liability developed based on the best information available in the circumstances. The hierarchy prioritizes
the inputs into three broad levels based on the reliability of the inputs as follows:</span></p></ix:continuation>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:continuation continuedAt="_FairValueMeasurementPolicyPolicyTextBlock-c0_cont_3" id="_FairValueMeasurementPolicyPolicyTextBlock-c0_cont_2"><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Level 1&#8211;&#160;Inputs
    are quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the Company has the ability to access at the measurement
    date. Valuation of these instruments does not require a high degree of judgment as the valuations are based on quoted prices in active
    markets that are readily and regularly available.</span></td></tr>
  </table></ix:continuation>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:continuation continuedAt="_FairValueMeasurementPolicyPolicyTextBlock-c0_cont_4" id="_FairValueMeasurementPolicyPolicyTextBlock-c0_cont_3"><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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    other than quoted prices in active markets that are either directly or indirectly observable as of the measurement date, such as
    quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable
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  </table></ix:continuation>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:continuation continuedAt="_FairValueMeasurementPolicyPolicyTextBlock-c0_cont_5" id="_FairValueMeasurementPolicyPolicyTextBlock-c0_cont_4"><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
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    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
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    based on inputs that are unobservable and not corroborated by market data. The fair value for such assets and liabilities is generally
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    participant would use in pricing the asset or liability.</span></td></tr>
  </table></ix:continuation></ix:nonNumeric><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>


</div><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 157; Value: 1 --><div>
    </div><div style="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">F-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->50<!-- Field: /Sequence --></p></div><div>
    </div><div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div><div>
    </div><!-- Field: /Page --><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><ix:continuation continuedAt="_SignificantAccountingPoliciesTextBlock-c0_cont_2" id="_SignificantAccountingPoliciesTextBlock-c0_cont_1"><ix:continuation id="_FairValueMeasurementPolicyPolicyTextBlock-c0_cont_5"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">The carrying values of certain assets and
liabilities of the Company, such as cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivable, due from related parties, prepaid
expenses and other current assets, accrued expenses and other current liabilities, and due to related parties, approximate fair value
due to their relatively short maturities. The carrying value of the Company&#8217;s short-term bank loans, convertible notes payable,
and accrued interest approximates their fair value as the terms of the borrowing are consistent with current market rates and the duration
to maturity is short.</span></p></ix:continuation>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c0" continuedAt="_ConcentrationRiskCreditRisk-c0_cont_1" escape="true" name="us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskCreditRisk" id="ixv-37052"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Concentration of Credit Risk</span></p></ix:nonNumeric>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:continuation continuedAt="_ConcentrationRiskCreditRisk-c0_cont_2" id="_ConcentrationRiskCreditRisk-c0_cont_1"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">The Company&#8217;s financial instruments
that are exposed to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents. The Company places its cash and temporary
cash investments in high quality credit institutions, but these investments may be in excess of the limit of $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c462" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:InvestmentCompanyExcessExpenseReimbursable" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46805">91,500</ix:nonFraction> (NTD <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c462" decimals="-5" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:InvestmentCompanyExcessExpenseReimbursable" scale="6" unitRef="twd" id="ixv-46806">3.0</ix:nonFraction> million)
covered by Taiwan Central Deposit Insurance Corporation, and the limit of $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c463" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:InvestmentCompanyExcessExpenseReimbursable" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46807">250,000</ix:nonFraction> covered by the U.S. Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation&#8217;s
insurance limits. However, the Company does not anticipate any losses on excess deposits. The Company does not enter into financial instruments
for hedging, trading or speculative purposes.</span></p></ix:continuation>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:continuation id="_ConcentrationRiskCreditRisk-c0_cont_2"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">The Company performs ongoing credit evaluation
of its customers and requires no collateral. Credit losses and allowance for unbilled receivables are provided based on a review of the
collectability of accounts receivable. The Company determines the amount of allowance for doubtful accounts by examining its historical
collection experience and current trends in the credit quality of its customers as well as its internal credit policies. Actual credit
losses may differ from our estimates.</span></p></ix:continuation>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c0" continuedAt="abvc_ConcentrationOfClientsPolicyTextBlock-c0_cont_1" escape="true" name="abvc:ConcentrationOfClientsPolicyTextBlock" id="ixv-37067"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Concentration of Clients</span></p></ix:nonNumeric>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:continuation continuedAt="abvc_ConcentrationOfClientsPolicyTextBlock-c0_cont_2" id="abvc_ConcentrationOfClientsPolicyTextBlock-c0_cont_1"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024,
management estimated all accounts receivable balances are uncollectible. Provision credit loss balances were $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c0" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:ProvisionForOtherCreditLosses" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46808">11,993</ix:nonFraction> and $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c7" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:ProvisionForOtherCreditLosses" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46809">11,993</ix:nonFraction> as of
March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.</span></p></ix:continuation>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:continuation id="abvc_ConcentrationOfClientsPolicyTextBlock-c0_cont_2"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">For the three months ended March 31, 2024,
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c0" continuedAt="_CashAndCashEquivalentsPolicyTextBlock-c0_cont_1" escape="true" name="us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsPolicyTextBlock" id="ixv-37082"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Cash and Cash Equivalents</span>&#160;</p></ix:nonNumeric>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

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with maturities of three months or less to be cash equivalents when purchased. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company&#8217;s
cash and cash equivalents amounted to $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c5" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46810">152,206</ix:nonFraction> and $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c1" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46811">248,382</ix:nonFraction>, respectively. Some&#160;of the Company&#8217;s cash deposits are held in
financial institutions located in Taiwan where there is currently regulation mandated on obligatory insurance of bank accounts. The Company
believes this financial institution is of high credit quality.</span></p></ix:continuation>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c0" continuedAt="_CashAndCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsPolicy-c0_cont_1" escape="true" name="us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsPolicy" id="ixv-37092"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Restricted Cash </span></p></ix:nonNumeric>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:continuation id="_CashAndCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsPolicy-c0_cont_1"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">Restricted cash primarily consist of cash
held in a reserve bank account in Taiwan. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company&#8217;s restricted cash amounted $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c5" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:RestrictedCashCurrent" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46812">607,362</ix:nonFraction>
(NTD <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c5" decimals="-5" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:RestrictedCash" scale="6" unitRef="twd" id="ixv-46813"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c1" decimals="-5" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:RestrictedCash" scale="6" unitRef="twd" id="ixv-46814">20.2</ix:nonFraction></ix:nonFraction> million) and $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c1" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:RestrictedCashCurrent" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46815">615,433</ix:nonFraction> (NTD 20.2 million), respectively.</span></p></ix:continuation>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

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accounts</span>&#160;</p></ix:nonNumeric>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:continuation continuedAt="_TradeAndOtherAccountsReceivablePolicy-c0_cont_2" id="_TradeAndOtherAccountsReceivablePolicy-c0_cont_1"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">Accounts receivable are recorded and carried
at the original invoiced amount less an allowance for any potential uncollectible amounts.</span></p></ix:continuation>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:continuation continuedAt="_TradeAndOtherAccountsReceivablePolicy-c0_cont_3" id="_TradeAndOtherAccountsReceivablePolicy-c0_cont_2"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">The Company makes estimates of expected credit
and collectability trends for the allowance for credit losses and allowance for unbilled receivables based upon our assessment of various
factors, including historical experience, the age of the accounts receivable balances, credit quality of customers, current economic
conditions reasonable and supportable forecasts of future economic conditions, and other factors that may affect our ability to collect
from customers. The provision is recorded against accounts receivable balances, with a corresponding charge recorded in the consolidated
statements of income. Actual amounts received may differ from management&#8217;s estimate of credit worthiness and the economic environment.
Delinquent account balances are written-off against the allowance for doubtful accounts after management has determined that the likelihood
of collection is not probable.</span></p></ix:continuation>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:continuation id="_TradeAndOtherAccountsReceivablePolicy-c0_cont_3"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">Allowance for expected credit losses accounts
were $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c5" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivable" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46816">616,397</ix:nonFraction> and $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c1" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivable" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46817">616,414</ix:nonFraction> as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.</span></p></ix:continuation>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c0" continuedAt="_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerPolicyTextBlock-c0_cont_1" escape="true" name="us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerPolicyTextBlock" id="ixv-37122"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Revenue Recognition</span></p></ix:nonNumeric>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:continuation continuedAt="_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerPolicyTextBlock-c0_cont_2" id="_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerPolicyTextBlock-c0_cont_1"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">The Company recognizes revenue in accordance
with ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. Pursuant to ASC 606, the Company recognizes revenue when its customer obtains control
of promised goods or services, in an amount that reflects the consideration that the Company expects to receive in exchange for those
goods or services. To determine revenue recognition for arrangements that the Company determines is within the scope of ASC 606, the
Company performs the following five steps: (i) identify the contract(s) with a customer; (ii) identify the performance obligations in
the contract; (iii) determine the transaction price; (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract;
and (v) recognize revenue when (or as) the Company satisfies a performance obligation. The Company only applies the five-step model to
contracts when it is probable that the Company will collect the consideration the Company is entitled to in exchange for the goods or
services the Company transfers to the customers. At inception of the contract, once the contract is determined to be within the scope
of ASC 606, the Company assesses the goods or services promised within each contract, determines those that are performance obligations,
and assesses whether each promised good or service is distinct. The Company then recognizes as revenue the amount of the transaction
price that is allocated to the respective performance obligation when (or as) the performance obligation is satisfied.</span></p></ix:continuation></ix:continuation><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>


</div><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 158; Value: 1 --><div>
    </div><div style="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">F-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->51<!-- Field: /Sequence --></p></div><div>
    </div><div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div><div>
    </div><!-- Field: /Page --><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><ix:continuation continuedAt="_SignificantAccountingPoliciesTextBlock-c0_cont_3" id="_SignificantAccountingPoliciesTextBlock-c0_cont_2"><ix:continuation continuedAt="_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerPolicyTextBlock-c0_cont_3" id="_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerPolicyTextBlock-c0_cont_2"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">The following are examples of when the Company
recognizes revenue based on the types of payments the Company receives.</span></p></ix:continuation>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:continuation continuedAt="_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerPolicyTextBlock-c0_cont_4" id="_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerPolicyTextBlock-c0_cont_3"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true"><b>Collaborative Revenues &#8212; </b>The
Company recognizes collaborative revenues generated through collaborative research, development and/or commercialization agreements.
The terms of these agreements typically include payment to the Company related to one or more of the following: non-refundable upfront
license fees, development and commercial milestones, partial or complete reimbursement of research and development costs, and royalties
on net sales of licensed products. Each type of payments results in collaborative revenues except for revenues from royalties on net
sales of licensed products, which are classified as royalty revenues. To date, the Company has not received any royalty revenues. Revenue
is recognized upon satisfaction of a performance obligation by transferring control of a good or service to the collaboration partners.</span></p></ix:continuation>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:continuation continuedAt="_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerPolicyTextBlock-c0_cont_5" id="_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerPolicyTextBlock-c0_cont_4"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">As part of the accounting for these arrangements,
the Company applies judgment to determine whether the performance obligations are distinct, and develop assumptions in determining the
stand-alone selling price for each distinct performance obligation identified in the collaboration agreements. To determine the stand-alone
selling price, the Company relies on assumptions which may include forecasted revenues, development timelines, reimbursement rates for
R&amp;D personnel costs, discount rates and probabilities of technical and regulatory success.</span></p></ix:continuation>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:continuation continuedAt="_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerPolicyTextBlock-c0_cont_6" id="_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerPolicyTextBlock-c0_cont_5"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">The Company had multiple deliverables under
the collaborative agreements, including deliverables relating to grants of technology licenses, regulatory and clinical development,
and marketing activities. Estimation of the performance periods of the Company&#8217;s deliverables requires the use of management&#8217;s
judgment. Significant factors considered in management&#8217;s evaluation of the estimated performance periods include, but are not limited
to, the Company&#8217;s experience in conducting clinical development, regulatory and manufacturing activities. The Company reviews the
estimated duration of its performance periods under its collaborative agreements on an annually basis, and makes any appropriate adjustments
on a prospective basis. Future changes in estimates of the performance period under its collaborative agreements could impact the timing
of future revenue recognition.</span></p></ix:continuation>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:continuation continuedAt="_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerPolicyTextBlock-c0_cont_7" id="_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerPolicyTextBlock-c0_cont_6"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">(i) Non-refundable upfront payments</span></p></ix:continuation>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;&#160;</span></p>

<ix:continuation continuedAt="_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerPolicyTextBlock-c0_cont_8" id="_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerPolicyTextBlock-c0_cont_7"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">If a license to the Company&#8217;s intellectual
property is determined to be distinct from the other performance obligations identified in an arrangement, the Company recognizes revenue
from the related non-refundable upfront payments based on the relative standalone selling price prescribed to the license compared to
the total selling price of the arrangement. The revenue is recognized when the license is transferred to the collaboration partners and
the collaboration partners are able to use and benefit from the license. To date, the receipt of non-refundable upfront fees was solely
for the compensation of past research efforts and contributions made by the Company before the collaborative agreements entered into
and it does not relate to any future obligations and commitments made between the Company and the collaboration partners in the collaborative
agreements.</span></p></ix:continuation>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:continuation continuedAt="_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerPolicyTextBlock-c0_cont_9" id="_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerPolicyTextBlock-c0_cont_8"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">(ii) Milestone payments</span></p></ix:continuation>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:continuation continuedAt="_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerPolicyTextBlock-c0_cont_10" id="_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerPolicyTextBlock-c0_cont_9"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">The Company is eligible to receive milestone
payments under the collaborative agreement with collaboration partners based on achievement of specified development, regulatory and
commercial events. Management evaluated the nature of the events triggering these contingent payments, and concluded that these events
fall into two categories: (a) events which involve the performance of the Company&#8217;s obligations under the collaborative agreement
with collaboration partners, and (b) events which do not involve the performance of the Company&#8217;s obligations under the collaborative
agreement with collaboration partners.</span></p></ix:continuation>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:continuation continuedAt="_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerPolicyTextBlock-c0_cont_11" id="_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerPolicyTextBlock-c0_cont_10"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">The former category of milestone payments
consists of those triggered by development and regulatory activities in the territories specified in the collaborative agreements. Management
concluded that each of these payments constitute substantive milestone payments. This conclusion was based primarily on the facts that
(i) each triggering event represents a specific outcome that can be achieved only through successful performance by the Company of one
or more of its deliverables, (ii) achievement of each triggering event was subject to inherent risk and uncertainty and would result
in additional payments becoming due to the Company, (iii) each of the milestone payments is non-refundable, (iv) substantial effort is
required to complete each milestone, (v) the amount of each milestone payment is reasonable in relation to the value created in achieving
the milestone, (vi) a substantial amount of time is expected to pass between the upfront payment and the potential milestone payments,
and (vii) the milestone payments relate solely to past performance. Based on the foregoing, the Company recognizes any revenue from these
milestone payments in the period in which the underlying triggering event occurs.</span></p></ix:continuation>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:continuation continuedAt="_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerPolicyTextBlock-c0_cont_12" id="_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerPolicyTextBlock-c0_cont_11"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-keep: true">(iii) Multiple Element Arrangements</span></p></ix:continuation>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:continuation continuedAt="_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerPolicyTextBlock-c0_cont_13" id="_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerPolicyTextBlock-c0_cont_12"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">The Company evaluates multiple element arrangements
to determine (1) the deliverables included in the arrangement and (2) whether the individual deliverables represent separate units of
accounting or whether they must be accounted for as a combined unit of accounting. This evaluation involves subjective determinations
and requires management to make judgments about the individual deliverables and whether such deliverables are separate from other aspects
of the contractual relationship. Deliverables are considered separate units of accounting provided that: (i) the delivered item(s) has
value to the customer on a standalone basis and (ii) if the arrangement includes a general right of return relative to the delivered
item(s), delivery or performance of the undelivered item(s) is considered probable and substantially within its control. In assessing
whether an item under a collaboration has standalone value, the Company considers factors such as the research, manufacturing, and commercialization
capabilities of the collaboration partner and the availability of the associated expertise in the general marketplace. The Company also
considers whether its collaboration partners can use the other deliverable(s) for their intended purpose without the receipt of the remaining
element(s), whether the value of the deliverable is dependent on the undelivered item(s), and whether there are other vendors that can
provide the undelivered element(s).</span></p></ix:continuation></ix:continuation><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>


</div><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 159; Value: 1 --><div>
    </div><div style="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">F-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->52<!-- Field: /Sequence --></p></div><div>
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    </div><!-- Field: /Page --><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><ix:continuation continuedAt="_SignificantAccountingPoliciesTextBlock-c0_cont_4" id="_SignificantAccountingPoliciesTextBlock-c0_cont_3"><ix:continuation continuedAt="_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerPolicyTextBlock-c0_cont_14" id="_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerPolicyTextBlock-c0_cont_13"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">The Company recognizes arrangement consideration
allocated to each unit of accounting when all of the revenue recognition criteria in ASC 606 are satisfied for that particular unit of
accounting. In the event that a deliverable does not represent a separate unit of accounting, the Company recognizes revenue from the
combined unit of accounting over the Company&#8217;s contractual or estimated performance period for the undelivered elements, which
is typically the term of the Company&#8217;s research and development obligations. If there is no discernible pattern of performance
or objectively measurable performance measures do not exist, then the Company recognizes revenue under the arrangement on a straight-line
basis over the period the Company is expected to complete its performance obligations. Conversely, if the pattern of performance in which
the service is provided to the customer can be determined and objectively measurable performance measures exist, then the Company recognizes
revenue under the arrangement using the proportional performance method. Revenue recognized is limited to the lesser of the cumulative
amount of payments received or the cumulative amount of revenue earned, as determined using the straight-line method or proportional
performance method, as applicable, as of the period ending date.</span></p></ix:continuation>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

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milestone payments, the Company evaluates whether each milestone is substantive and at risk to both parties on the basis of the contingent
nature of the milestone. This evaluation includes an assessment of whether: (1) the consideration is commensurate with either the Company&#8217;s
performance to achieve the milestone or the enhancement of the value of the delivered item(s) as a result of a specific outcome resulting
from its performance to achieve the milestone, (2) the consideration relates solely to past performance and (3) the consideration is
reasonable relative to all of the deliverables and payment terms within the arrangement. The Company evaluates factors such as the scientific,
clinical, regulatory, commercial, and other risks that must be overcome to achieve the particular milestone and the level of effort and
investment required to achieve the particular milestone in making this assessment. There is considerable judgment involved in determining
whether a milestone satisfies all of the criteria required to conclude that a milestone is substantive. Milestones that are not considered
substantive are recognized as earned if there are no remaining performance obligations or over the remaining period of performance, assuming
all other revenue recognition criteria are met.</span></p></ix:continuation>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:continuation continuedAt="_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerPolicyTextBlock-c0_cont_16" id="_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerPolicyTextBlock-c0_cont_15"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-keep: true">(iv) Royalties and Profit Sharing Payments</span></p></ix:continuation>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:continuation continuedAt="_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerPolicyTextBlock-c0_cont_17" id="_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerPolicyTextBlock-c0_cont_16"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">Under the collaborative agreement with the
collaboration partners, the Company is entitled to receive royalties on sales of products, which is at certain percentage of the net
sales. The Company recognizes revenue from these events based on the revenue recognition criteria set forth in ASC 606. Based on those
criteria, the Company considers these payments to be contingent revenues, and recognizes them as revenue in the period in which the applicable
contingency is resolved.</span></p></ix:continuation>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:continuation continuedAt="_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerPolicyTextBlock-c0_cont_18" id="_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerPolicyTextBlock-c0_cont_17"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true"><b>Revenues Derived from Research and Development
Activities Services (Also known as the Contract Development &amp; Manufacturing Organization Services (&#8220;CDMO&#8221;))</b> &#8212;
Revenues related to research and development and regulatory activities are recognized when the related services or activities are performed,
in accordance with the contract terms. The Company typically has only one performance obligation at the inception of a contract, which
is to perform research and development services. The Company may also provide its customers with an option to request that the Company
provides additional goods or services in the future, such as active pharmaceutical ingredient, API, or IND/NDA/ANDA/510K submissions.
The Company evaluates whether these options are material rights at the inception of the contract. If the Company determines an option
is a material right, the Company will consider the option a separate performance obligation.</span></p></ix:continuation>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:continuation continuedAt="_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerPolicyTextBlock-c0_cont_19" id="_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerPolicyTextBlock-c0_cont_18"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">If the Company is entitled to reimbursement
from its customers for specified research and development expenses, the Company accounts for the related services that it provides as
separate performance obligations if it determines that these services represent a material right. The Company also determines whether
the reimbursement of research and development expenses should be accounted for as revenues or an offset to research and development expenses
in accordance with provisions of gross or net revenue presentation. The Company recognizes the corresponding revenues or records the
corresponding offset to research and development expenses as it satisfies the related performance obligations.</span></p></ix:continuation>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;&#160;</span></p>

<ix:continuation continuedAt="_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerPolicyTextBlock-c0_cont_20" id="_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerPolicyTextBlock-c0_cont_19"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">The Company then determines the transaction
price by reviewing the amount of consideration the Company is eligible to earn under the contracts, including any variable consideration.
Under the outstanding contracts, consideration typically includes fixed consideration and variable consideration in the form of potential
milestone payments. At the start of an agreement, the Company&#8217;s transaction price usually consists of the payments made to or by
the Company based on the number of full-time equivalent researchers assigned to the project and the related research and development
expenses incurred. The Company does not typically include any payments that the Company may receive in the future in its initial transaction
price because the payments are not probable. The Company would reassess the total transaction price at each reporting period to determine
if the Company should include additional payments in the transaction price.</span></p></ix:continuation>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:continuation id="_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerPolicyTextBlock-c0_cont_20"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">The Company receives payments from its customers
based on billing schedules established in each contract. Upfront payments and fees may be recorded as advances from customers upon receipt
or when due, and may require deferral of revenue recognition for a future period until the Company performs its obligations under these
arrangements. Amounts are recorded as accounts receivable when the right of the Company to consideration is unconditional. The Company
does not assess whether a contract has a significant financing component if the expectation at contract inception is such that the period
between payment by the customers and the transfer of the promised goods or services to the customers will be one year or less.</span></p></ix:continuation></ix:continuation><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>


</div><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 160; Value: 1 --><div>
    </div><div style="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">F-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->53<!-- Field: /Sequence --></p></div><div>
    </div><div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div><div>
    </div><!-- Field: /Page --><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><ix:continuation continuedAt="_SignificantAccountingPoliciesTextBlock-c0_cont_5" id="_SignificantAccountingPoliciesTextBlock-c0_cont_4"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c0" continuedAt="_ShareBasedCompensationOptionAndIncentivePlansPolicy-c0_cont_1" escape="true" name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationOptionAndIncentivePlansPolicy" id="ixv-37271"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Stock-based Compensation</span></p></ix:nonNumeric>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:continuation continuedAt="_ShareBasedCompensationOptionAndIncentivePlansPolicy-c0_cont_2" id="_ShareBasedCompensationOptionAndIncentivePlansPolicy-c0_cont_1"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">The Company measures expense associated with all
employee stock-based compensation awards using a fair value method and recognizes such expense in the consolidated financial statements
on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period in accordance with ASC 718 &#8220;Compensation-Stock Compensation&#8221;.
Total director, officer, and employee stock-based compensation expenses were $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c5" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:AccruedEmployeeBenefitsCurrentAndNoncurrent" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46818">0</ix:nonFraction> and $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c1" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:AccruedEmployeeBenefitsCurrentAndNoncurrent" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46819">1,935,755</ix:nonFraction> for the three months ended March 31, 2025
and 2024, respectively.</span></p></ix:continuation>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:continuation id="_ShareBasedCompensationOptionAndIncentivePlansPolicy-c0_cont_2"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0"><span style="-keep: true">The Company accounted for stock-based compensation
to non-employees in accordance with ASC 718 &#8220;Compensation-Stock Compensation&#8221; and ASC 505-50 &#8220;Equity-Based Payments
to Non-Employees&#8221; which requires that the cost of services received from non-employees is measured at fair value at the earlier
of the performance commitment date or the date service is completed and recognized over the period the service is provided. Total non-employee
stock-based compensation expenses were $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c464" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:EmployeeBenefitsAndShareBasedCompensation" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46820">48,773</ix:nonFraction> for rent for the three months ended March 31, 2025, and $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c465" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:DefinedBenefitPlanServiceCost" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46821">95,876</ix:nonFraction>&#160;for consulting services
for the three months ended March 31, 2024.</span></p></ix:continuation>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c0" continuedAt="_CommitmentsAndContingenciesPolicyTextBlock-c0_cont_1" escape="true" name="us-gaap:CommitmentsAndContingenciesPolicyTextBlock" id="ixv-37286"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Commitments and Contingencies</span></p></ix:nonNumeric>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:continuation id="_CommitmentsAndContingenciesPolicyTextBlock-c0_cont_1"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">The Company has adopted ASC 450 &#8220;Contingencies&#8221;
subtopic 20, in determining its accruals and disclosures with respect to loss contingencies. Accordingly, estimated losses from loss
contingencies are accrued by a charge to income when information available before financial statements are issued or are available to
be issued indicates that it is probable that an asset has been impaired or a liability has been incurred at the date of the financial
statements and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. Legal expenses associated with the contingency are expensed as incurred.
If a loss contingency is not probable or reasonably estimable, disclosure of the loss contingency is made in financial statements when
it is at least reasonably possible that a material loss could be incurred.</span></p></ix:continuation>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c0" continuedAt="_ForeignCurrencyTransactionsAndTranslationsPolicyTextBlock-c0_cont_1" escape="true" name="us-gaap:ForeignCurrencyTransactionsAndTranslationsPolicyTextBlock" id="ixv-37296"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Foreign-currency Transactions</span></p></ix:nonNumeric>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

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the foreign-currency transactions are recorded in New Taiwan Dollars (&#8220;NTD&#8221;) at the rates of exchange in effect when the
transactions occur. Gains or losses resulting from the application of different foreign exchange rates when cash in foreign currency
is converted into NTD, or when foreign-currency receivables or payables are settled, are credited or charged to income in the year of
conversion or settlement. On balance sheet dates, the balances of foreign-currency assets and liabilities are restated at the prevailing
exchange rates and the resulting differences are charged to current income except for those foreign currencies denominated investments
in shares of stock where such differences are accounted for as translation adjustments under the Statements of Changes in Stockholders&#8217;
Equity.</span></p></ix:continuation>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p>




<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c0" continuedAt="_SegmentReportingPolicyPolicyTextBlock-c0_cont_1" escape="true" name="us-gaap:SegmentReportingPolicyPolicyTextBlock" id="ixv-37307"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Segment Reporting</span></p></ix:nonNumeric>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

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public companies to report financial and descriptive information about their reportable operating segments. The Company identifies the
operating segments based on how the chief operating decision maker internally evaluates separate financial information, business activities
and management responsibility.</span></p></ix:continuation>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:continuation continuedAt="_SegmentReportingPolicyPolicyTextBlock-c0_cont_3" id="_SegmentReportingPolicyPolicyTextBlock-c0_cont_2"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">The Company currently has&#160;<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c0" decimals="0" format="ixt-sec:numwordsen" name="us-gaap:NumberOfReportableSegments" scale="0" unitRef="pure" id="ixv-46822">one</ix:nonFraction>&#160;reportable
segment, and assets are reviewed on a consolidated basis. As such, segmental data is not provided.</span></p></ix:continuation></ix:continuation><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p><div>

</div><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 161; Value: 1 --><div>
    </div><div style="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">F-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->54<!-- Field: /Sequence --></p></div><div>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c0" escape="true" name="us-gaap:ReconciliationOfOtherSignificantReconcilingItemsFromSegmentsToConsolidatedTextBlock" id="ixv-37478"><ix:continuation id="_SegmentReportingPolicyPolicyTextBlock-c0_cont_6"><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
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  </table></ix:continuation></ix:nonNumeric>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c0" continuedAt="_NewAccountingPronouncementsPolicyPolicyTextBlock-c0_cont_1" escape="true" name="us-gaap:NewAccountingPronouncementsPolicyPolicyTextBlock" id="ixv-37778"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Recent Accounting Pronouncements</span></p></ix:nonNumeric>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:continuation continuedAt="_NewAccountingPronouncementsPolicyPolicyTextBlock-c0_cont_2" id="_NewAccountingPronouncementsPolicyPolicyTextBlock-c0_cont_1"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No.
2023-09, Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures (Topic 740). The ASU requires disaggregated information about a reporting entity&#8217;s
effective tax rate reconciliation as well as additional information on income taxes paid. The ASU is effective on a prospective basis
for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is also permitted for annual financial statements that have not
yet been issued or made available for issuance. This ASU will likely result in the required additional disclosures being included in
our consolidated financial statements once adopted.</span></p></ix:continuation>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27.75pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:continuation id="_NewAccountingPronouncementsPolicyPolicyTextBlock-c0_cont_2"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU No.
2024-03, Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40). The ASU requires disclosure of specified information about certain costs
and expenses. This includes purchases of inventory, employee compensation, depreciation, and intangible asset amortization.&#160; The
ASU is effective on a prospective or retrospective basis for annual reporting period beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim reporting
period beginning after December 15, 2027. Early adoption is permitted. This ASU will likely result in the required additional disclosures
being included in our consolidated financial statements once adopted.</span></p></ix:continuation></ix:continuation><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p><div>

</div><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 162; Value: 1 --><div>
    </div><div style="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">F-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->55<!-- Field: /Sequence --></p></div><div>
    </div><div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div><div>
    </div><!-- Field: /Page --><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c0" continuedAt="_CollaborativeArrangementDisclosureTextBlock-c0_cont_1" escape="true" name="us-gaap:CollaborativeArrangementDisclosureTextBlock" id="ixv-37808"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b style="-keep: true">4. COLLABORATIVE AGREEMENTS</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b style="-keep: true">&#160;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b style="-keep: true"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Collaborative agreements with BHK, a
related party</span></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>(i)</b></span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On February 24, 2015,
    BioLite Taiwan and BioHopeKing Corporation (the &#8220;BHK&#8221;) entered into a co-development agreement, (the &#8220;BHK Co-Development
    Agreement&#8221;), pursuant to which it is collaborative with BHK to develop and commercialize BLI-1401-2 (Botanical Drug) Triple
    Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) Combination Therapy (BLI-1401-2 Products) in Asian countries excluding Japan for all related intellectual
    property rights, and has developed it for medicinal use in collaboration with outside researchers. The development costs shall be
    shared 50/50 between BHK and the Company. The BHK Co-Development Agreement will remain in effect for fifteen years from the date
    of first commercial sale of the Product in in Asia excluding Japan.</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c468" continuedAt="_LongTermPurchaseCommitmentMilestones-c468_cont_1" name="us-gaap:LongTermPurchaseCommitmentMilestones" id="ixv-37829"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">On July 27, 2016, BioLite Taiwan and BHK agreed
to amend the payment terms of the milestone payment in an aggregate amount of $10 million based on the following schedule:</span></p></ix:nonNumeric>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:continuation continuedAt="_LongTermPurchaseCommitmentMilestones-c468_cont_2" id="_LongTermPurchaseCommitmentMilestones-c468_cont_1"><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Upon the signing of
    the BHK Co-Development Agreement: $1 million, or 10% of total payment</span></td></tr>
  </table></ix:continuation>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:continuation continuedAt="_LongTermPurchaseCommitmentMilestones-c468_cont_3" id="_LongTermPurchaseCommitmentMilestones-c468_cont_2"><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
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    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Upon the first Investigational
    New Drug (IND) submission and BioLite Taiwan will deliver all data to BHK according to FDA Reviewing requirement: $1 million, or
    10% of total payment</span></td></tr>
  </table></ix:continuation>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:continuation continuedAt="_LongTermPurchaseCommitmentMilestones-c468_cont_4" id="_LongTermPurchaseCommitmentMilestones-c468_cont_3"><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
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    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">At the completion of
    first phase II clinical trial: $1 million, or 10% of total payment</span></td></tr>
  </table></ix:continuation>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:continuation continuedAt="_LongTermPurchaseCommitmentMilestones-c468_cont_5" id="_LongTermPurchaseCommitmentMilestones-c468_cont_4"><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">At the initiation of
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  </table></ix:continuation>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:continuation id="_LongTermPurchaseCommitmentMilestones-c468_cont_5"><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
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    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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  </table></ix:continuation>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">In December 2015, BHK has paid a non-refundable
upfront cash payment of $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c469" decimals="-6" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:NonrefundableUpfrontCashPayment" scale="6" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46848">1</ix:nonFraction> million, or <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c469" decimals="2" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:PercentageOfPaymentsUnderCodevelopmentAgreement" scale="-2" unitRef="pure" id="ixv-46849">10</ix:nonFraction>% of $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c469" decimals="-5" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:IssuanceOfStockValue" scale="6" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46850">10.0</ix:nonFraction> million, upon the signing of BHK Co-Development Agreement. The Company concluded
that the deliverables are considered separate units of accounting as the delivered items have value to the customer on a standalone basis
and recognized this cash receipt as collaboration revenue when all research, technical, and development data was delivered to BHK in
2015. The receipt is for the compensation of past research efforts and contributions made by BioLite Taiwan before this collaborative
agreement was signed and it does not relate to any future commitments made by BioLite Taiwan and BHK in this collaborative agreement.
In August 2016, the Company received the second milestone payment of <span style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-335">NTD31,649,000</span>, approximately equivalent to $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c126" decimals="-6" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:IssuanceOfStockValue" scale="6" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46851">1</ix:nonFraction> million, and recognized
collaboration revenue for the year ended December 31, 2016. As of the date of this report, the Company has not completed the first phase
II clinical trial.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">In addition to the milestone payments, BioLite
Taiwan is entitled to receive royalty on <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c471" decimals="2" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:MilestonePaymentsRoyaltyPercentage" scale="-2" unitRef="pure" id="ixv-46852">12</ix:nonFraction>% of BHK&#8217;s net sales related to BLI-1401-2 Products. As of March 31, 2025, the Company
has not earned the royalty under the BHK Co-Development Agreement.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">(ii) On December 9, 2015, BioLite Taiwan entered
into another two collaborative agreements (the &#8220;BHK Collaborative Agreements&#8221;), pursuant to which it is collaborative with
BHK to co-develop and commercialize BLI-1005 for &#8220;Targeting Major Depressive Disorder&#8221; (BLI-1005 Products) and BLI-1006 for
&#8220;Targeting Inflammatory Bowel Disease&#8221; (BLI-1006 Products) in Asia excluding Japan for all related intellectual property
rights, and has developed it for medicinal use in collaboration with outside researchers. The development costs shall be shared 50/50
between BHK and the Company. The BHK Co-Development Agreement will remain in effect for fifteen years from the date of first commercial
sale of the Product in in Asia excluding Japan.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">In 2015, the Company recognized the cash receipt
in a total of <span style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-336">NTD50 million</span>, approximately equivalent to $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c128" decimals="-5" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:CashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue" scale="6" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46853">1.6</ix:nonFraction> million, as collaboration revenue when all research, technical, and development
data was delivered to BHK. The Company concluded that the deliverables are considered separate units of accounting as the delivered items
have value to the customer on a standalone basis and recognized this payment as collaboration revenue when all research, technical, data
and development data was delivered to BHK. The cash receipt is for the compensation of past research efforts and contributions made by
BioLite Taiwan before this BHK Collaborative Agreements was signed and it does not relate to any future commitments made by BioLite Taiwan
and BHK in this BHK Collaborative Agreements.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">In addition to the total of <span style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-337">NTD50 million</span>,
approximately equivalent to $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c130" decimals="-5" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:CashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue" scale="6" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46854">1.6</ix:nonFraction> million, BioLite Taiwan is entitled to receive <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c472" decimals="2" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:NetSalesProfitPercentage" scale="-2" unitRef="pure" id="ixv-46855">50</ix:nonFraction>% of the future net licensing income or net sales profit.
As of March 31, 2025, the Company has not earned the royalty under the BHK Collaborative Agreements.</span></p></ix:nonNumeric><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>


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    </div><div style="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">F-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->56<!-- Field: /Sequence --></p></div><div>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><ix:continuation continuedAt="_CollaborativeArrangementDisclosureTextBlock-c0_cont_2" id="_CollaborativeArrangementDisclosureTextBlock-c0_cont_1"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b style="-keep: true"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Co-Development agreement with Rgene
Corporation, a related party</span></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">On May 26, 2017, the Company through its subsidiary, BriVision, entered into a co-development agreement (the &#8220;Co-Dev Agreement&#8221;) with Rgene Corporation (the &#8220;Rgene&#8221;), a related party controlled by the controlling beneficiary shareholder of YuanGene Corporation (See Note 10). Pursuant to Co-Dev Agreement, the Company and Rgene agreed to co-develop and commercialize ABV-1507 HER2/neu Positive Breast Cancer Combination Therapy, ABV-1511 Pancreatic Cancer Combination Therapy and ABV-1527 Ovary Cancer Combination Therapy. Under the terms of the Co-Dev Agreement, Rgene is required to&#160;pay the Company $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c131" decimals="-5" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:PaymentsForParticipationLiabilities" scale="6" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46856">3.0</ix:nonFraction> million in cash or stock of Rgene with equivalent value by August 15, 2017. The payment is for the compensation of the Company&#8217;s past research efforts and contributions before the Co-Dev Agreement was signed and it does not relate to any future commitments made by the Company and Rgene in this Co-Dev Agreement. In addition to $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c473" decimals="-5" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:AdditionCashPayment" scale="6" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46857">3.0</ix:nonFraction> million, the Company is entitled to receive <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c473" decimals="2" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:PercentageOfPaymentsUnderCodevelopmentAgreement" scale="-2" unitRef="pure" id="ixv-46858">50</ix:nonFraction>% of the future net licensing income or net sales profit earned by Rgene, if any, and any development costs shall be equally shared by both the Company and Rgene.</span></p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">On June 1, 2017, the Company has delivered
all research, technical, data and development data to Rgene. Since both Rgene and the Company are related parties and under control by
a controlling beneficiary shareholder of YuanGene Corporation and a director and officer of the Company, the Company has recorded the
full amount of $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c133" decimals="-5" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:AdditionalPaidInCapitalCommonStock" scale="6" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46859">3.0</ix:nonFraction> million in connection with the Co-Dev Agreement as additional paid-in capital during the year ended December 31,
2017. During the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company received $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c133" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:Cash" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46860">450,000</ix:nonFraction> in cash. On December 24, 2018, the Company received the
remaining balance of $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c134" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssues" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46861">2,550,000</ix:nonFraction> in the form of newly issued shares of Rgene&#8217;s Common Stock, at the price of <span style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-339">NTD50</span> per share (approximately
equivalent to $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c135" decimals="2" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:SharesIssuedPricePerShare" scale="0" unitRef="usdPershares" id="ixv-46862">1.60</ix:nonFraction> per share), for an aggregate number of <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c136" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:EquityMethodLongTermInvestment" scale="0" unitRef="shares" id="ixv-46863">1,530,000</ix:nonFraction> shares, which accounted for equity method long-term investment as
of December 31, 2018. On December 31, 2018, the Company determined to fully write off this investment based on the Company&#8217;s assessment
of the severity and duration of the impairment, and qualitative and quantitative analysis of the operating performance of the investee,
adverse changes in market conditions and the regulatory or economic environment, changes in operating structure of Rgene, additional
funding requirements, and Rgene&#8217;s ability to remain in business. All projects that have been initiated will be managed and supported
by the Company and Rgene.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">The Company and Rgene signed an amendment
to the Co-Dev Agreement on November 10, 2020, pursuant to which both parties agreed to delete AB-1507 HER2/neu Positive Breast Cancer
Combination Therapy and ABV-1527 Ovary Cancer Combination Therapy and add ABV-1519 EGFR Positive Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Combination
Therapy and ABV-1526 Large Intestine / Colon / Rectal Cancer Combination Therapy to the products to be co-developed and commercialized.
Other provisions of the Co-Dev Agreement remain in full force and effect.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">On June 10, 2022, the Company expanded its
co-development partnership with Rgene. On that date, BioKey, ABVC has entered into a Clinical Development Service Agreement with Rgene
to guide three Rgene drug products, RGC-1501 for the treatment of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC), RGC-1502 for the treatment of pancreatic
cancer and RGC 1503 for the treatment of colorectal cancer patients, through completion of Phase II clinical studies under the U.S. FDA
IND regulatory requirements. Under the terms of the new Services Agreement, BioKey is eligible to receive payments totaling $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c137" decimals="-5" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:ServiceAgreementEligibilityAmount" scale="6" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46864">3.0</ix:nonFraction> million
over a <ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c138" format="ixt-sec:duryear" name="abvc:MilestoneRegulatoryPaymentAmountPeriod" id="ixv-46865">3</ix:nonNumeric>-year period with each payment amount to be determined by certain regulatory milestones obtained during the agreement period.
The Service Agreement shall remain in effect until the expiration date of the last patent and automatically renew for 5 more years unless
terminated earlier by either party with six months&#8217; written notice. Either party may terminate the Service Agreement for cause
by providing 30 days written notice.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">Through a series of transactions over the
past 5 years, the Company and Rgene have co-developed the three drug products covered by the Service Agreement, which has resulted in
the Company owning <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c475" decimals="4" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage" scale="-2" unitRef="pure" id="ixv-46866">26.65</ix:nonFraction>% of Rgene.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">As part of the Rgene Studies, the Company
agreed to loan $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c476" decimals="-5" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:LoansPayable" scale="6" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46867">1.0</ix:nonFraction> million and made $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c476" decimals="-5" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:ConvertibleDebt" scale="6" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46868">0.5</ix:nonFraction> million to Rgene, for which Rgene has provided the Company with a <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c0" decimals="2" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:WorkingCapitalConvertibleLoanPercentage" scale="-2" unitRef="pure" id="ixv-46869">5</ix:nonFraction>% interest rate convertible
loan (the &#8220;Note&#8221;). If the Note is fully converted, the Company will own an additional <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c477" decimals="3" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage" scale="-2" unitRef="pure" id="ixv-46870">6.4</ix:nonFraction>% of Rgene. The Company is expected
to receive the outstanding loan from the related party by the first half of 2025, either by cash or conversion of shares of Rgene. The
Company may convert the Note at any time into shares of Rgene&#8217;s common stock at either (i) a fixed conversion price equal to $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c5" decimals="2" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:PreferredStockConvertibleConversionPrice" scale="0" unitRef="usdPershares" id="ixv-46871">1.00</ix:nonFraction>
per share or (ii) <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c478" decimals="2" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage" scale="-2" unitRef="pure" id="ixv-46872">20</ix:nonFraction>% discount of the stock price of the then most recent offering, whichever is lower; the conversion price is subject
to adjustment as set forth in the Note. The Note includes standard events of default, as well as a cross-default provision pursuant to
which a breach of the Service Agreement will trigger an event of default under the Note if not cured after 5 business days of written
notice regarding the breach is provided. Upon an event of default, the outstanding principal and any accrued and unpaid interest shall
be immediately due and payable. The Note was fully converted to Rgene&#8217;s common stocks in 2024. See Note 6 for details.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">The Service Agreement shall remain in effect
until the expiration date of the last patent and automatically renew for 5 more years unless terminated earlier by either party with
six months&#8217; written notice. Either party may terminate the Service Agreement for cause by providing 30 days written notice.</span></p></ix:continuation><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>


</div><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 164; Value: 1 --><div>
    </div><div style="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">F-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->57<!-- Field: /Sequence --></p></div><div>
    </div><div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div><div>
    </div><!-- Field: /Page --><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><ix:continuation continuedAt="_CollaborativeArrangementDisclosureTextBlock-c0_cont_3" id="_CollaborativeArrangementDisclosureTextBlock-c0_cont_2"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">Rgene has further agreed, effective July 1,
2022, to provide the Company with a seat on Rgene&#8217;s Board of Directors until the loan is repaid in full. The Company has nominated
Dr. Jiang, its Chief Strategy Officer and Director to occupy that seat; Dr. Jiang is also one of the Company&#8217;s director and officer.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">The Rgene Studies is a related party transaction.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b style="-keep: true"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Collaborative agreement with BioFirst
Corporation, a related party</span></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">On July 24, 2017, the Company through its
subsidiary, BriVision, entered into a collaborative agreement (the &#8220;BioFirst Collaborative Agreement&#8221;) with BioFirst Corporation
(&#8220;BioFirst&#8221;), pursuant to which BioFirst granted the Company the global licensing right for medical use of the product (the
&#8220;Product&#8221;): BFC-1401 Vitreous Substitute for Vitrectomy. BioFirst is a related party to the Company because a controlling
beneficiary shareholder of YuanGene Corporation and the Company is one of the directors and common stock shareholders of BioFirst (See
Note 10).</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">Pursuant to the BioFirst Collaborative Agreement,
the Company will co-develop and commercialize the Product with BioFirst and pay BioFirst in a total amount of $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c144" decimals="-5" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:IssuanceOfStockValue" scale="6" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46873">3.0</ix:nonFraction> million in cash or
stock of the Company before September 30, 2018. The amount of $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c479" decimals="-5" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:PaymentsForParticipationLiabilities" scale="6" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46874">3.0</ix:nonFraction> million is in connection with the compensation for BioFirst&#8217;s
past research efforts and contributions made by BioFirst before the BioFirst Collaborative Agreement was signed and it does not relate
to any future commitments in this BioFirst Collaborative Agreement. In addition, the Company is entitled to receive <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c479" decimals="2" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:PercentageOfPaymentsUnderCodevelopmentAgreement" scale="-2" unitRef="pure" id="ixv-46875">50</ix:nonFraction>% of the future
net licensing income or net sales profit, if any, and any development cost shall be equally shared by both the Company and BioFirst.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">On September 25, 2017, BioFirst delivered
all research, technical, data and development data to the Company. The Company determined to fully expense the entire amount of $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c146" decimals="-5" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:CostOfGoodsAndServicesSold" scale="6" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46876">3.0</ix:nonFraction>
million since currently the related licensing rights do not have alternative future uses. According to ASC 730-10-25-1, absent alternative
future uses the acquisition of product rights to be used in research and development activities must be charged to research and development
expenses immediately. Hence, the entire amount of $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c147" decimals="-5" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:OtherResearchAndDevelopmentExpense" scale="6" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46877">3.0</ix:nonFraction> million is fully expensed as research and development expense during the year
ended December 31, 2017.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">On June 30, 2019, BriVision entered into a
Stock Purchase Agreement (the &#8220;Purchase Agreement&#8221;) with BioFirst. Pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, the Company issued
<span style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-338">42,857 shares</span> (post-split) of the Company&#8217;s common stock to BioFirst in consideration for $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c148" decimals="-5" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationAsset1" scale="6" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46878">3.0</ix:nonFraction> million owed by the Company to BioFirst
(the &#8220;Total Payment&#8221;) in connection with BioFirst Collaborative Agreement.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">On August 5, 2019, BriVision entered into
a second Stock Purchase Agreement (&#8220;Purchase Agreement 2&#8221;) with BioFirst. Pursuant to Purchase Agreement 2, the Company issued
<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c149" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockSplits" scale="0" unitRef="shares" id="ixv-46879">41,470</ix:nonFraction> shares (post-split) of the Company&#8217;s common stock to BioFirst in consideration for $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c149" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationAsset1" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46880">2,902,911</ix:nonFraction> owed by the Company to BioFirst
in connection with a loan provided to BriVision from BioFirst.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">On November 4, 2020, the Company executed
an amendment to the BioFirst Collaborative Agreement to add ABV-2001 Intraocular Irrigation Solution and ABV-2002 Corneal Storage Solution
to the agreement. ABV-2002 is utilized during a corneal transplant procedure to replace a damaged or diseased cornea while ABV-2001 has
broader utilization during a variety of ocular procedures.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">Initially the Company will focus on ABV-2002,
a solution utilized to store a donor cornea prior to either penetrating keratoplasty (full thickness cornea transplant) or endothelial
keratoplasty (back layer cornea transplant). ABV-2002 is a solution comprised of a specific poly amino acid that protects ocular tissue
from damage caused by external osmolarity exposure during pre-surgery storage. The specific polymer in ABV-2002 can adjust osmolarity
to maintain a range of 330 to 390 mOsM thereby permitting hydration within the corneal stroma during the storage period. Stromal hydration
results in (a) maintaining acceptable corneal transparency and (b) prevents donor cornea swelling. ABV-2002 also contains an abundant
phenolic phytochemical found in plant cell walls that provides antioxidant antibacterial properties and neuroprotection.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">Early testing by BioFirst indicates that ABV-2002
may be more effective for protecting the cornea and retina during long-term storage than other storage media available today and can
be manufactured at lower cost. Further ABV-2002 product development was put on hold due to the lack of funding.</span></p></ix:continuation><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>


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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><ix:continuation continuedAt="_CollaborativeArrangementDisclosureTextBlock-c0_cont_4" id="_CollaborativeArrangementDisclosureTextBlock-c0_cont_3"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">In addition, BioFirst was incorporated on
November 7, 2006, focusing on the R&amp;D, manufacturing, and sales of innovative patented pharmaceutical products. The technology of
BioFirst comes from the global exclusive licensing from domestic R &amp; D institutions. Currently, the main research and development
product is the vitreous substitute (Vitargus&#174;) Licensed by the National Health Research Institutes. Vitargus is the world&#8217;s
first bio-degradable vitreous substitute and offers a number of advantages over current vitreous substitutes by minimizing medical complications
and reducing the need for additional surgeries.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">BioFirst has started the construction of a
GMP factory in Hsinchu Biomedical Science Park, Taiwan, with the aim at building a production base to supply the global market, and promote
the construction of bio-degradable vitreous substitute manufacturing centers in Taiwan. Completion of this factory would allow ABVC to
manufacture Vitargus with world-class technology in a GMP certified pharmaceutical factory. BioFirst is targeting to complete the construction
in 2025.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">As of March 31, 2025, the Company has not
earned any net licensing income or net sales profit earned by BioFirst under these collaborative agreements.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b style="-keep: true"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Collaborative agreement with ForSeeCon
Eye Corporation, a related party</span></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">On March 25, 2024, the Company and BioFirst
each entered into a twenty-year, global definitive licensing agreement (the &#8220;FEYE Licensing Agreement&#8221;) with ForSeeCon Eye
Corporation, a company registered in the British Virgin Islands (&#8220;FEYE&#8221;) for the products in the Company and BioFirst&#8217;s
Ophthalmology pipeline, including Vitargus (the &#8220;Vitargus Products&#8221;). The license covers Vitargus Products&#8217; clinical
trial, registration, manufacturing, supply, and distribution rights; FEYE also has the rights to sublicense or partner with a third party
to develop the Licensed Products. As per each of the respective FEYE Licensing Agreements, each of the Company and BioFirst shall receive
a total licensing fee of $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c150" decimals="-5" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:TaxesAndLicenses" scale="6" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46881">33.5</ix:nonFraction> million, composed of an upfront payment of $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c151" decimals="-6" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:PrepaymentFeesOnAdvancesNet" scale="6" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46882">30</ix:nonFraction> million, which can instead be paid with <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c152" decimals="-6" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:SharesIssued" scale="6" unitRef="shares" id="ixv-46883">5</ix:nonFraction> million shares
of FEYE stock at $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c153" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:SaleOfStockPricePerShare" scale="0" unitRef="usdPershares" id="ixv-46884">6</ix:nonFraction> per share within 30 days after the execution of the FEYE Licensing Agreement, and a $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c150" decimals="-5" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:MilestoneRegulatoryPaymentAmount" scale="6" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46885">3.5</ix:nonFraction> million cash milestone payment,
due 30 days upon completion of next round fundraising. Additionally, each of the Company and BioFirst are eligible to receive royalties
of <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c153" decimals="2" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:RoyaltiesPercentage" scale="-2" unitRef="pure" id="ixv-46886">5</ix:nonFraction>% of net sales.&#160;As of March 31, 2025, the Company received <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c480" decimals="-6" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:ReceivedShares" scale="6" unitRef="shares" id="ixv-46887">5</ix:nonFraction> million FEYE shares but did not recognize such licensing revenue
since the fair value of FEYE stock is uncertain.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">On June 18, 2024, the Company and BioFirst,
each entered into an amendment (the &#8220;Amendment&#8221;) to the Licensing Agreement with FEYE, pursuant to which the Company and
BioFirst have agreed to allow FEYE to pay the second milestone payment in the amount of $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c155" decimals="-5" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:MilestoneRegulatoryPaymentAmount" scale="6" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46888">3.5</ix:nonFraction> million per Licensing Agreement, incrementally
(such as $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c156" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:LicensingAgreement" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46889">100,000</ix:nonFraction>), at any given time, rather than in one lump sum. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company received in
cash and recognized revenue of $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c1" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:ContractWithCustomerLiabilityNoncurrent" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46890">296,000</ix:nonFraction>, pursuant to the Amendment. There was no cash receipt in the three months periods ended March
31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b style="-keep: true"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Collaborative agreement with OncoX BiopPharma,
Inc., a related party</span></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">On April 16, 2024, the Company entered into
a definitive agreement with OncoX BioPharma, Inc., a private company registered in the British Virgin Islands (&#8220;Oncox&#8221;),
pursuant to which the Company will grant Oncox an exclusive right to develop and commercialize ABVC&#8217;s single-herb botanical drug
extract from the dry fruit body of Maitake Mushroom (Grifola Frondosa) for treatment of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (the &#8220;Lung Cancer
Products&#8221;), within North America for 20 years (the &#8220;April 2024 Oncox Agreement&#8221;). In consideration thereof, Oncox shall
pay ABVC $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c157" decimals="-4" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:ConsiderationPaidForAgreement" scale="6" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46891">6.25</ix:nonFraction> million (or <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c157" decimals="-4" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockSplits" scale="6" unitRef="shares" id="ixv-46892">1.25</ix:nonFraction> million Oncox shares valued at $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c158" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:SharesIssuedPricePerShare" scale="0" unitRef="usdPershares" id="ixv-46893">5</ix:nonFraction> per share) 30 days after entering into the agreement and $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c157" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:AdditionalMilestonePaymentInCash" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46894">625,000</ix:nonFraction>,
30 days following the completion of Oncox&#8217;s next round of fundraising, of which there is no guarantee; ABVC is also entitled to
<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c157" decimals="2" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:MilestonePaymentsRoyaltyPercentage" scale="-2" unitRef="pure" id="ixv-46895">5</ix:nonFraction>% royalties based on the net sales, as defined in the April 2024 Oncox Agreement, from the first commercial sale of the Lung Cancer
Product in North America, of which there can be no guarantee. Oncox entered into another agreement with ABVC&#8217;s affiliate, Rgene
Corporation, on the same terms. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company received in cash and recognized revenue of $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c0" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:DeferredRevenueRevenueRecognized1" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46896">200,000</ix:nonFraction>
pursuant to the agreement. At the time of transferring the license, the Company also received <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c481" decimals="-4" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:NumberOfSharesReceived" scale="6" unitRef="shares" id="ixv-46897">1.25</ix:nonFraction> million OncoX shares but did not recognize
such licensing revenue since the fair value of Oncox stock is uncertain. There was no cash receipt in the three months periods ended
March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.</span></p></ix:continuation><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p><div>

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    </div><div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div><div>
    </div><!-- Field: /Page --><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><ix:continuation id="_CollaborativeArrangementDisclosureTextBlock-c0_cont_4"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">On May 8, 2024, the Company entered into a
definitive agreement with OncoX, pursuant to which the Company will grant Oncox an exclusive right to develop and commercialize ABVC&#8217;s
BLEX 404 single-herb botanical drug extract from the dry fruit body of Maitake Mushroom (Grifola Frondosa) for treatment of Pancreatic
(the Pancreatic Product), within a certain territory, specified as <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c160" decimals="2" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:PercentageOfDevelopAndCommercialize" scale="-2" unitRef="pure" id="ixv-46898">50</ix:nonFraction>% of the Worldwide Markets for 20 years (the &#8220;May 8, 2024
Oncox Agreement&#8221;). In consideration thereof, Oncox shall pay ABVC a total of $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c160" decimals="-4" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:ConsiderationPaidForAgreement" scale="6" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46899">6.25</ix:nonFraction> million (or <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c160" decimals="-4" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockSplits" scale="6" unitRef="shares" id="ixv-46900">1.25</ix:nonFraction> million Oncox shares valued
at $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c161" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:SharesIssuedPricePerShare" scale="0" unitRef="usdPershares" id="ixv-46901">5</ix:nonFraction> per share) within 30 days of entering into the May 8, 2024 Oncox Agreement, with an additional milestone payment of $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c160" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:AdditionalMilestonePaymentInCash" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46902">625,000</ix:nonFraction> in
cash after OncoX&#8217;s next round of fundraising, of which there can be no guarantee. Oncox may remit cash payments of at least $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c160" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:LicensingFees" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46903">100,000</ix:nonFraction>
towards the licensing fees and deductible from the second milestone payment; ABVC is also entitled to royalties of <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c160" decimals="2" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:MilestonePaymentsRoyaltyPercentage" scale="-2" unitRef="pure" id="ixv-46904">5</ix:nonFraction>% of net sales, as
defined in the May 8, 2024 Oncox Agreement, from the first commercial sale of the Pancreatic Product in the noted territory, which remains
uncertain. The Company will permit Oncox to pay the license fee in installments or in a lump sum and will allow Oncox to use its revenue
to fund such payments. Oncox entered into another agreement with ABVC&#8217;s affiliate, Rgene Corporation, on the same terms. At the
time of transferring the license, the Company also received <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c160" decimals="-4" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:NumberOfSharesReceived" scale="6" unitRef="shares" id="ixv-46905">1.25</ix:nonFraction> million OncoX shares but did not recognize such licensing revenue since
the fair value of Oncox stock is uncertain. There was no cash receipt in the three months periods ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">On May 14, 2024, the Company and its subsidiary,
BioLite Inc (collectively, the &#8220;licensor&#8221;), each entered into a licensing agreement with OncoX, on the same terms, pursuant
to which the licensors will grant Oncox an exclusive right to develop and commercialize ABVC&#8217;s BLEX 404 single-herb botanical drug
extract from the dry fruit body of Maitake Mushroom (Grifola Frondosa) for treatment of Tripple Negative Breast Cancer (the TNBC Product),
within a certain territory, specified as <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c162" decimals="2" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:PercentageOfDevelopAndCommercialize" scale="-2" unitRef="pure" id="ixv-46906">50</ix:nonFraction>% of the Worldwide Markets for 20 years (the &#8220;May 14, 2024 Oncox Agreements&#8221;).
In each agreement for consideration thereof, Oncox shall pay each licensor a total of $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c162" decimals="-4" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:ConsiderationPaidForAgreement" scale="6" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46907">6.25</ix:nonFraction> million (or <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c162" decimals="-4" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockSplits" scale="6" unitRef="shares" id="ixv-46908">1.25</ix:nonFraction> million Oncox shares valued
at $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c163" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:SharesIssuedPricePerShare" scale="0" unitRef="usdPershares" id="ixv-46909">5</ix:nonFraction> per share) within 30 days of entering into the May 14, 2024 Oncox Agreements, with an additional milestone payment of $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c162" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:AdditionalMilestonePaymentInCash" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46910">625,000</ix:nonFraction>
in cash after OncoX&#8217;s next round of fundraising, of which there can be no guarantee. Oncox may remit cash payments of at least
$<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c162" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:LicensingFees" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46911">100,000</ix:nonFraction> towards the licensing fees and deductible from the second milestone payment; each licensor is also entitled to royalties of
<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c162" decimals="2" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:MilestonePaymentsRoyaltyPercentage" scale="-2" unitRef="pure" id="ixv-46912">5</ix:nonFraction>% of net sales, from the first commercial sale of the TNBC Product in the noted territory, which remains uncertain. The Company will
permit Oncox to pay the license fee in installments or in a lump sum and will allow Oncox to use its revenue to fund such payments. At
the time of transferring the license, the Company and BioLite also each received <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c162" decimals="-4" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:NumberOfSharesReceived" scale="6" unitRef="shares" id="ixv-46913">1.25</ix:nonFraction> million OncoX shares but did not recognize such
licensing revenue since the fair value of Oncox stock is uncertain. There was no cash receipt in the three months periods ended March
31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">On May 23, 2024, the Company and its subsidiary,
BioLite Inc (collectively, the &#8220;licensor&#8221;), each entered into a licensing agreement with OncoX, on the same terms, pursuant
to which the licensors will grant Oncox an exclusive right to develop and commercialize ABVC&#8217;s BLEX 404 single-herb botanical drug
extract from the dry fruit body of Maitake Mushroom (Grifola Frondosa) for treatment of Myelodysplastic Syndrome (the &#8220;MS Products&#8221;),
within a certain territory, specified as <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c164" decimals="2" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:PercentageOfDevelopAndCommercialize" scale="-2" unitRef="pure" id="ixv-46914">50</ix:nonFraction>% of the Worldwide Markets for 20 years (the &#8220;May 23, 2024 Oncox Agreements&#8221;).
In consideration thereof, Oncox shall pay each licensor a total of $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c164" decimals="-4" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:ConsiderationPaidForAgreement" scale="6" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46915">6.25</ix:nonFraction> million (or <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c164" decimals="-4" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockSplits" scale="6" unitRef="shares" id="ixv-46916">1.25</ix:nonFraction> million Oncox shares valued at $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c165" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:SharesIssuedPricePerShare" scale="0" unitRef="usdPershares" id="ixv-46917">5</ix:nonFraction> per share)
30 days after entering the May 23, 2024 Oncox Agreements, with an additional milestone payment of $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c164" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:AdditionalMilestonePaymentInCash" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46918">625,000</ix:nonFraction> in cash after OncoX&#8217;s
next round of fundraising, of which there can be no guarantee. Oncox may remit cash payments of at least $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c164" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:LicensingFees" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46919">100,000</ix:nonFraction> towards the licensing
fees and deductible from the second milestone payment; each licensor is also entitled to royalties of <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c164" decimals="2" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:MilestonePaymentsRoyaltyPercentage" scale="-2" unitRef="pure" id="ixv-46920">5</ix:nonFraction>% of net sales, from the first
commercial sale of the MS Product in the noted territory, which remains uncertain. Oncox may use its revenue to fund the licensing fees.
At the time of transferring the license, the Company and BioLite also each received <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c164" decimals="-4" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:NumberOfSharesReceived" scale="6" unitRef="shares" id="ixv-46921">1.25</ix:nonFraction> million OncoX shares but did not recognize such
licensing revenue since the fair value of Oncox stock is uncertain. There was no cash receipt in the three months periods ended March
31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">Above mentioned price of OncoX&#8217;s shares
was determined through private negotiations between the parties; no third-party valuation was completed.</span></p></ix:continuation><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c0" continuedAt="_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentDisclosureTextBlock-c0_cont_1" escape="true" name="us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentDisclosureTextBlock" id="ixv-38103"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b style="-keep: true">5. PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT, AND PREPAMENT FOR ASSET ACQUISITION</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b style="-keep: true">&#160;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 23.75pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -23.75pt"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Property
and Equipment</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 23.75pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -23.75pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c0" escape="true" name="us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTextBlock" id="ixv-38112"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">The Company has offices and labs located in
Taiwan, and a GMP manufacturing facility in Fremont, CA. Property and equipment as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024 are summarized
as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 23.75pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -23.75pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c169" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46923">338,966</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">Buildings and leasehold improvements</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">Office equipment</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c5" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46930">11,513,464</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c1" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46931">3,852,827</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">Less: accumulated depreciation</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">(<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c5" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:AccumulatedDepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationPropertyPlantAndEquipment" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46932">3,344,718</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">)</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">(<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c1" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:AccumulatedDepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationPropertyPlantAndEquipment" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46933">3,341,739</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">Property and equipment, net</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c5" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46934">8,168,746</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c1" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46935">511,088</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 23.75pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -23.75pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">Depreciation expenses were $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c482" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:Depreciation" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46936">7,021</ix:nonFraction>&#160;and $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c483" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:Depreciation" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46937">1,286</ix:nonFraction> for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the land with book value amounted to approximately $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c5" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:LandAndLandImprovements" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46938">334,520</ix:nonFraction> and $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c1" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:LandAndLandImprovements" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46939">338,966</ix:nonFraction> (except for the recently acquired land in Puli, Taiwan, amounted to $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c484" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueAcquisitions" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46940">7,670,000</ix:nonFraction>), respectively, were pledged for obtaining bank loan (see Notes 9 Bank loans).</span></p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 23.75pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -23.75pt"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Prepayment
for asset acquisition</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 23.75pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -23.75pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">Prepayment for asset acquisition consists
of the properties in Chengdu, China. The Company entered into a cooperation agreement on August 14, 2023, with Zhong Hui Lian He Ji Tuan,
Ltd. (the &#8220;Zhonghui&#8221;). Pursuant thereto, the Company will acquire <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c485" decimals="2" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:SaleOfStockPercentageOfOwnershipAfterTransaction" scale="-2" unitRef="pure" id="ixv-46941">20</ix:nonFraction>% of the ownership of certain property and a parcel of
the land, with a view to jointly develop the property into a healthcare center for senior living, long-term care, and medical care in
the areas of ABVC&#8217;s special interests, such as Ophthalmology, Oncology, and Central Nervous Systems. The plan is to establish a
base for the China market and global development of these interests.</span></p></ix:nonNumeric><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p><div>

</div><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 167; Value: 1 --><div>
    </div><div style="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">F-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->60<!-- Field: /Sequence --></p></div><div>
    </div><div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div><div>
    </div><!-- Field: /Page --><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><ix:continuation id="_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentDisclosureTextBlock-c0_cont_1"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">The valuation of such property is $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c5" decimals="-6" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsPropertyPlantAndEquipment" scale="6" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46942">37</ix:nonFraction> million;
based on the Company&#8217;s <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c486" decimals="2" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage" scale="-2" unitRef="pure" id="ixv-46943">20</ix:nonFraction>% ownership, the Company would acquire the value of $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c487" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:FairValueOfAssetsAcquired" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46944">7,400,000</ix:nonFraction>. In exchange, the Company issued to Zhonghui
an aggregate of <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c486" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:CommonStockCapitalSharesReservedForFutureIssuance" scale="0" unitRef="shares" id="ixv-46945">370,000</ix:nonFraction> shares (the &#8220;Shares&#8221;) of common stock, at a per share price of $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c486" decimals="1" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:SharePrice" scale="0" unitRef="usdPershares" id="ixv-46946">20.0</ix:nonFraction>. The Shares are subject to a
lock-up period of one year following the closing date of the transaction. In addition, the parties agreed that, after one year following
the closing of the transaction, if the market value of the Shares or the value of the property increases or decreases, the parties will
negotiate in good faith to make reasonable adjustments. The Company&#8217;s ownership rights to the property and the associated land
parcel, or a suitable replacement property, are safeguarded under the terms of the cooperation agreement, which is legally binding and
enforceable.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">As discussed in Note 2, the Company incorrectly
applied ASC 845 instead of ASC 718, resulting in an adjustment of the reported value to from $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c449" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:ConstructionInProgressGross" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46947">7,400,000</ix:nonFraction> to $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c450" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:ConstructionInProgressGross" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46948">691,900</ix:nonFraction>, and reclassification
from Construction-in-Progress to Prepayment for Asset Acquisition.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">The construction-in-progress property is planned
to finish before the end of 2025.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Acquisition of land in Taiwan</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">In March 2024, AiBtl issued <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c488" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesAcquisitions" scale="0" unitRef="shares" id="ixv-46949">1,534,000</ix:nonFraction> AiBtl&#8217;s
common stocks to acquire farmland in Taiwan, which land will be used for developing health related businesses. As of the date of issuance
of these financial statements, the transfer of the land&#8217;s title is under government review, pending completion of the title transfer
registration. However, upon the closing of the transaction, both parties are aware of such Taiwan&#8217;s legal restrictions prohibiting
foreign entities directly owning farmland. In addition to newly incorporated controlling subsidiary, Yunzhiyi, to be holding the title
of the land upon government&#8217;s approval, on March 31, 2025, the Company and the landowners executed the Nominee Holding Agreement,
Land Lease Agreement, and Consulting Agreement, under the witness of and confirmed by a legal counsel in Taiwan, in which the landowners
unconditionally grant the full legal rights to the land to the Company before the completion of the title transfer. Based on the execution
of the agreement, the Company recognized $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c488" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueAcquisitions" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46950">7,670,000</ix:nonFraction> ($<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c489" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:SharesIssuedPricePerShare" scale="0" unitRef="usdPershares" id="ixv-46951">5</ix:nonFraction> per share of AiBtl&#8217;s common stock) of land on its balance sheet.</span></p></ix:continuation><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c0" continuedAt="_InvestmentTextBlock-c0_cont_1" escape="true" name="us-gaap:InvestmentTextBlock" id="ixv-38321"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 23.75pt; text-indent: -23.75pt"><b style="-keep: true">6. LONG-TERM INVESTMENTS</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 23.75pt; text-indent: -23.75pt"><b style="-keep: true">&#160;&#160;</b></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(1)</span></td> <td><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c0" continuedAt="_ScheduleOfOtherOwnershipInterestsTextBlock-c0_cont_1" escape="true" name="us-gaap:ScheduleOfOtherOwnershipInterestsTextBlock" id="ixv-38331"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The ownership percentages of each investee are listed as follows:</span></ix:nonNumeric></td></tr> </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

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<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 0%"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">*</span></td> <td style="text-align: justify"><ix:footnote id="ix_20_footnote" xml:lang="en-US"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">This company was acquired by Canal Biotech Corporation Inc. Our stock is in the process of replacement with the stock of the acquired company and the ownership percentage is subject to change.</span></ix:footnote></td></tr> </table></ix:continuation>
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    <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 9pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">ForSeeCon
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    <td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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    Corporation<sup>(a)</sup></span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c529" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" id="ix_66_fact" name="us-gaap:LongTermInvestments" scale="0" unitRef="usd">1,420,800</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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    Corporation<sup>(b)</sup></span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c530" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" id="ix_68_fact" name="us-gaap:LongTermInvestments" scale="0" unitRef="usd">559,471</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 9pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">BioLite
    Japan K.K. (BioLite JP)<sup>(c)</sup></span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-343"><span style="-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-344"><span style="-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; padding-left: 9pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">OncoX
    BioPharma, Inc.<sup>(e)</sup></span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-345"><span style="-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-346"><span style="-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; padding-left: 0.25in"><span style="-keep: true">Total</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c5" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:LongTermInvestments" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46980">2,760,062</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c1" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:LongTermInvestments" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46981">2,258,754</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  </table>


<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(a)</span></td> <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">BioFirst Corporation (the &#8220;BioFirst&#8221;):</span></td></tr> </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">The Company holds an equity interest
in BioFirst Corporation, accounting for its equity interest using the equity method to accounts for its equity investment as prescribed
in ASC 323, Investments&#8212;Equity Method and Joint Ventures (&#8220;ASC 323&#8221;). Equity method adjustments include the Company&#8217;s
proportionate share of investee&#8217;s income or loss and other adjustments required by the equity method. As of March 31, 2025 and
December 31, 2024, the Company owns <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c494" decimals="4" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:PercentageCommonStocksShares" scale="-2" unitRef="pure" id="ixv-46982">18.68</ix:nonFraction>% and <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c179" decimals="4" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:PercentageCommonStocksShares" scale="-2" unitRef="pure" id="ixv-46983">18.68</ix:nonFraction>% common stock shares of BioFirst, respectively. The Company made a prepayment for
equity investment in BioFirst to purchase additional shares to be issued by BioFirst in the aggregate amount of $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c181" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueAcquisitions" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46984">2,688,578</ix:nonFraction>, recorded
as prepayment for long-term investments as of December 31, 2022. On July 19, 2023, the Company successfully completed the registration
process for this investment. The initial prepayment was $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c181" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:PrepaymentFeesOnAdvancesNet" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46985">1,895,556</ix:nonFraction>, which is a portion of the prepayment as of December 31, 2022, and
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(b)</span></td> <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Rgene Corporation (the &#8220;Rgene&#8221;)</span></td></tr> </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">As described in Note 4, the Company
acquired <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c495" decimals="4" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:PercentageCommonStocksShares" scale="-2" unitRef="pure" id="ixv-46988">26.65</ix:nonFraction>% of Rgene&#8217;s outstanding common shares since 2018 through multiple collaborative agreements, and has been accounting
this equity investment with equity method as prescribed in ASC 323, Investments&#8212;Equity Method and Joint Ventures (&#8220;ASC 323&#8221;).
Equity method adjustments include the Company&#8217;s proportionate share of investee&#8217;s income or loss and other adjustments required
by the equity method. Further, as disclosed in Note 10 Related Party Transactions, the Company entered a convertible loan agreement with
Rgene in 2022 and has been working with Rgene to obtain approval for the Company to exercise the conversion from Department of Investment
Review in Taiwan, a government agency reviews foreign investors conducting investment in Taiwan. In May 2024, the conversion request
for the conversion was approved but the Company was not informed by Rgene until April 2025. The Company determined that the impact to
the financial statements is immaterial and assumed the conversion was incurred on January 1, 2025. After the conversion, the Company
owns <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c496" decimals="2" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:PercentageCommonStocksShares" scale="-2" unitRef="pure" id="ixv-46989">37</ix:nonFraction>% of outstanding shares of Rgene.</span></p></ix:continuation>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(4)</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Disposition of long-term
    investment</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">During the three-month periods
ended March 31, 2025and 2024, there is no disposition of long-term investment.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(5)</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Loss on investment in
    equity securities</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b style="-keep: true">&#160;</b></p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c0" escape="true" name="us-gaap:EquityMethodInvestmentsTextBlock" id="ixv-39011"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">The components of loss on investment in equity
securities for each period were as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">Three Months Ended<br/> March 31,</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">2025</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">2024</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 76%; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">Share of equity method investee losses</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">(<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c5" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:EquityMethodInvestments" scale="0" sign="-" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46990">50,877</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">)</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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  </table></ix:nonNumeric></ix:continuation><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>


</div><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 169; Value: 1 --><div>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p><div>

</div><ix:continuation id="_InvestmentTableTextBlock-c0_cont_2"><ix:continuation id="_InvestmentTextBlock-c0_cont_2"><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(c)</span></td> <td style="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">BioLite Japan K.K. (BioLite JP)</span></td></tr> </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">In October 2021, the Company, Lucidaim
Co., Ltd., a Japanese corporation (&#8220;Lucidaim,&#8221; together with the Company, the &#8220;Shareholders&#8221;), and BioLite Japan
K.K., a Japanese corporation (&#8220;BioLite JP&#8221;) entered into a Joint Venture Agreement. BioLite JP is a private limited company
incorporated on December 18, 2018. The business of the joint venture is the research and development of drugs, medical device and digital
media, investment, fund running and consulting, distribution and marketing of supplements carried on by BioLite JP and its subsidiaries
in Japan, or any other territory or businesses. At the date of the Agreement, BioLite JP has <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c497" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:CommonStockSharesAuthorized" scale="0" unitRef="shares" id="ixv-46991">10,000</ix:nonFraction> ordinary shares authorized, with
<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c498" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:CommonStockSharesIssued" scale="0" unitRef="shares" id="ixv-46992"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c498" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:CommonStockSharesOutstanding" scale="0" unitRef="shares" id="ixv-46993">3,049</ix:nonFraction></ix:nonFraction> ordinary shares issued and outstanding (the &#8220;Ordinary Shares&#8221;). Pursuant to the Agreement and the related share transfer
agreement, Lucidaim shall own <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c499" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:InvestmentOwnedBalanceShares" scale="0" unitRef="shares" id="ixv-46994">1,555</ix:nonFraction> Ordinary Shares (<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c500" decimals="2" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:PercentageCommonStocksShares" scale="-2" unitRef="pure" id="ixv-46995">51</ix:nonFraction>%) and the Company shall own <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c501" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:InvestmentOwnedBalanceShares" scale="0" unitRef="shares" id="ixv-46996">1,494</ix:nonFraction> Ordinary Shares (<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c502" decimals="2" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:PercentageCommonStocksShares" scale="-2" unitRef="pure" id="ixv-46997">49</ix:nonFraction>%). The Company paid $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c500" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquireInterestInJointVenture" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46998">150,000</ix:nonFraction>
towards the setup of the joint venture; BioLite Japan&#8217;s other shareholder also paid $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c502" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquireInterestInJointVenture" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-46999">150,000</ix:nonFraction> after the Letter of Intent was signed.
This prepayment is booked in prepayment for investment. As of December 31, 2024, the Company evaluated the investee&#8217;s business
and financial conditions and determined to fully impair such prepayment.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(d)</span></td> <td style="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">ForSeeCon Eye Corporation (FEYE)</span></td></tr> </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b style="-keep: true">&#160;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">FEYE is a private company registered
in the British Virgin Islands, focusing on the field of diagnosis and treatment of eye disorders, with its main product of Vitargus.
The Company granted FEYE certain licensed products in exchange of FEYE ownership. See Note 4 for detail of such transactions.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(e)</span></td> <td style="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">OncoX BioPharma, Inc. (OncoX)</span></td></tr> </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b style="-keep: true">&#160;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">OncoX is a private company registered
in the British Virgin Islands, focusing on oncology trials and drug development across Asia-Pacific. The Company granted OncoX certain
licensed products in exchange of OncoX&#8217;s ownership. See Note 4 for detail of such transactions.</span></p></ix:continuation></ix:continuation><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b style="-keep: true">&#160;</b></p><div>

</div><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c0" continuedAt="_DebtDisclosureTextBlock-c0_cont_1" escape="true" name="us-gaap:DebtDisclosureTextBlock" id="ixv-39119"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b style="-keep: true">7. CONVERTIBLE NOTES PAYABLE</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b style="-keep: true">&#160;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Lind Notes Payable</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">On February 23, 2023, the Company entered
into a securities purchase agreement with Lind Global Fund II, LP (&#8220;Lind&#8221;), pursuant to which the Company issued Lind a secured,
convertible note in the principal amount of $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c239" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:DebtInstrumentConvertibleIfConvertedValueInExcessOfPrincipal" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-47000">3,704,167</ix:nonFraction>, for a purchase price of $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c239" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:PaymentsForPreviousAcquisition" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-47001">3,175,000</ix:nonFraction> (the &#8220;Lind Note&#8221;), that is convertible
into shares of the Company&#8217;s common stock at an initial conversion price of $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c239" decimals="1" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:CommonStockConvertibleConversionPriceIncrease" scale="0" unitRef="usdPershares" id="ixv-47002">10.5</ix:nonFraction> per share, subject to adjustment. The Company
also issued Lind a common stock purchase warrant (the &#8220;Lind Warrant&#8221;) to purchase up to <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c239" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesIssuedForServices" scale="0" unitRef="shares" id="ixv-47003">529,167</ix:nonFraction> shares (post-split) of the
Company&#8217;s common stock at an initial exercise price of $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c533" decimals="1" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:ClassOfWarrantOrRightExercisePriceOfWarrantsOrRights1" scale="0" unitRef="usdPershares" id="ixv-47004">10.5</ix:nonFraction> per share for a period of 5 years, subject to adjustment that immediately
upon such issuance or sale, the Exercise Price in effect immediately prior to such issuance or sale shall be reduced (and in no event
increased) to an Exercise Price equal to the consideration per share paid for such Additional Shares of Common Stock. The warrants were
valued using the Black-Scholes model. The fair value of the warrants was determined to be $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c241" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:FairValueAdjustmentOfWarrants" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-47005">1,225,543</ix:nonFraction>, which was recorded to debt discount.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">Beginning with the date that is six months
from the issuance date of the Lind Note and on each one (1) month anniversary thereafter, the Company shall pay Lind an amount equal
to $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c534" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:OutstandingBalanceAmount" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-47006">308,651</ix:nonFraction>, until the outstanding principal amount of the Lind Note has been paid in full prior to or on the Maturity Date or, if earlier,
upon acceleration, conversion or redemption of the Lind Note in accordance with the terms thereof (the &#8220;Monthly Payments&#8221;).
At the Company&#8217;s discretion, the Monthly Payments shall be made in (i) cash, (ii) shares of the Company&#8217;s common stock, or
(iii) a combination of cash and Shares; if made in shares, the number of shares shall be determined by dividing (x) the principal amount
being paid in shares by (y) <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c535" decimals="2" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:PercentageOfAverageAmount" scale="-2" unitRef="pure" id="ixv-47007">90</ix:nonFraction>% of the average of the 5 lowest daily VWAPs during the <ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c0" format="ixt-sec:durday" name="abvc:TradingDays" id="ixv-47008">20</ix:nonNumeric> trading days prior to the applicable payment
date. The Lind Notes sets forth certain conditions that must be satisfied before the Company may make any Monthly Payments in shares
of common stock. If the Company makes a Monthly Payment in cash, the Company must also pay Lind a cash premium of <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c0" decimals="2" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:PercentageOfCashPermium" scale="-2" unitRef="pure" id="ixv-47009">5</ix:nonFraction>% of such Monthly
Payment.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">Upon the occurrence of any Event of Default
(as defined in the Lind Note), the Company must pay Lind an amount equal to <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c535" decimals="2" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:PercentageOfOutstandingPrincipalAmount" scale="-2" unitRef="pure" id="ixv-47010">120</ix:nonFraction>%&#160;of the then outstanding principal amount of the
Lind Note (the &#8220;Mandatory Default Amount&#8221;), in addition to any other remedies under the Note or the other Transaction Documents.
The Company and Lind entered into a letter agreement on September 12, 2023, pursuant to which the Mandatory Default Amount was reduced
to <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c244" decimals="2" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:PercentageOfOutstandingPrincipalAmount" scale="-2" unitRef="pure" id="ixv-47011">115</ix:nonFraction>% of the then outstanding principal amount of the Lind Note; pursuant to the letter agreement, Lind also agreed to waive any default
associated with the Company&#8217;s market capitalization being below $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c5" decimals="-5" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:GeneralPartnersCapitalAccount" scale="6" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-47012">12.5</ix:nonFraction> million for <ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c0" format="ixt-sec:durday" name="abvc:ConsecutiveDays" id="ixv-47013">10</ix:nonNumeric> consecutive days through February 23, 2024,
but retained its right to convert its Note. In addition, if the Company is unable to increase its market capitalization and is unable
to obtain a further waiver or amendment to the Lind Note, then the Company could experience an event of default under the Lind Note,
which could have a material adverse effect on the Company&#8217;s liquidity, financial condition, and results of operations. The Company
cannot make any assurances regarding the likelihood, certainty, or exact timing of the Company&#8217;s ability to increase its market
capitalization, as such metric is not within the immediate control of the Company and depends on a variety of factors outside the Company&#8217;s
control. &#160;</span></p></ix:nonNumeric><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>


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    </div><div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div><div>
    </div><!-- Field: /Page --><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><ix:continuation continuedAt="_DebtDisclosureTextBlock-c0_cont_2" id="_DebtDisclosureTextBlock-c0_cont_1"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">The Lind Warrant may be exercised via cashless
exercise.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">The warrant exercise price was reset to $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c245" decimals="1" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:WarrantExercisePriceIncrease" scale="0" unitRef="usdPershares" id="ixv-47014">3.5</ix:nonFraction>
in accordance to the issuance of common stock in relation to securities purchase agreement on July 2023.&#160;On May 22, 2024, the exercise
price of these warrants was reset to $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c246" decimals="2" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:WarrantExercisePriceIncrease" scale="0" unitRef="usdPershares" id="ixv-47015">0.75</ix:nonFraction> along with the immediate exercise of existing warrants and issuance of the New Warrants. As
of March 31, 2025, these Lind Warrants associated with the first Lind Note were fully exercised.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">On November 17, 2023, the Company entered
another securities purchase agreement with Lind, pursuant to which the Company issued Lind a secured, convertible note (the &#8220;2<sup>nd</sup>
Lind Note&#8221;) in the principal amount of $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c247" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:ReceivableWithImputedInterestFaceAmount" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-47016">1,200,000</ix:nonFraction>, for a purchase price of $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c248" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:PaymentsForPreviousAcquisition" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-47017">1,000,000</ix:nonFraction>, that is convertible into shares of the Company&#8217;s
common stock at a conversion price, which shall be the lesser of (i) $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c249" decimals="2" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:PreferredStockConvertibleConversionPrice" scale="0" unitRef="usdPershares" id="ixv-47018">3.50</ix:nonFraction> and (ii) <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c248" decimals="2" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:PercentageOfAverageAmount" scale="-2" unitRef="pure" id="ixv-47019">90</ix:nonFraction>% of the average of the three lowest VWAPs during
the <ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c250" format="ixt-sec:duryear" name="abvc:TradingDays" id="ixv-47020">20</ix:nonNumeric> trading days prior to conversion. The 2<sup>nd</sup> Lind Note shall be due and payable on May 19, 2025, and bears no interest.
The Company may prepay all, but not less than all, outstanding principal amount prior to maturity, and Lind shall have the right to convert
up to one third of the principal amount when the Company prepays. Upon the occurrence of any Event of Default (as defined in the 2<sup>nd</sup>
Lind Note), the Company must pay Lind an amount equal to <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c250" decimals="2" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:DebtInstrumentRedemptionPricePercentageOfPrincipalAmountRedeemed" scale="-2" unitRef="pure" id="ixv-47021">120</ix:nonFraction>% of the then outstanding principal amount of the Lind Note, in addition
to any other remedies under the Note or the other transaction documents. Lind also received a 5-year common stock purchase warrant to
purchase up to <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c248" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesIssuedForServices" scale="0" unitRef="shares" id="ixv-47022">1,000,000</ix:nonFraction> shares of the Company&#8217;s common stock at an initial exercise price of $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c248" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:DeferredCompensationArrangementWithIndividualExercisePrice" scale="0" unitRef="usdPershares" id="ixv-47023">2</ix:nonFraction> per share for a period of <ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c251" format="ixt-sec:duryear" name="abvc:PurchaseWarrantTerm" id="ixv-47024">5</ix:nonNumeric> years.
The warrants were valued using the Black-Scholes model. The fair value of the warrants was determined to be $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c252" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:FairValueAdjustmentOfWarrants" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-47025">480,795</ix:nonFraction>, which was recorded
to debt discount. An amendment was filed with the SEC on February 29, 2024 to disclose that due to Nasdaq requirements, the parties entered
into an amendment to the Note, pursuant to which the conversion price shall have a floor price of $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c253" decimals="2" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:DebtInstrumentConvertibleConversionPrice1" scale="0" unitRef="usdPershares" id="ixv-47026">1.00</ix:nonFraction>. Additionally, the amendment
requires the Company to make a cash payment to Lind if in connection with a conversion, the conversion price is deemed to be the floor
price. During the year ended December 31, 2024, Lind converted $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c254" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:DebtInstrumentConvertibleIfConvertedValueInExcessOfPrincipal" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-47027">800,000</ix:nonFraction> of 2<sup>nd</sup> Lind Note principal amounts into the Company&#8217;s
common stocks. Refer to the common stock issuance details in Note 12, Equity. On March 3 and April 1, 2025, Lind converted the remaining
$<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c536" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:DebtInstrumentConvertibleIfConvertedValueInExcessOfPrincipal" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-47028">400,000</ix:nonFraction> principal balance ($<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c537" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:DebtInstrumentConvertibleIfConvertedValueInExcessOfPrincipal" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-47029">200,000</ix:nonFraction> for each conversion) into the Company&#8217;s common stocks.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">On January 17, 2024, the Company entered another
securities purchase agreement with Lind, pursuant to which the Company issued Lind a secured, convertible note (the &#8220;3<sup>rd</sup>
Lind Note&#8221;) in the principal amount of $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c256" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:ReceivableWithImputedInterestFaceAmount" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-47030">1,000,000</ix:nonFraction>, for a purchase price of $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c256" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:PurchasePriceAmount" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-47031">833,333</ix:nonFraction>, that is convertible into shares of the Company&#8217;s
common stock at a conversion price, which shall be the lesser of (i) $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c257" decimals="2" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:CommonStockConvertibleConversionPriceIncrease" scale="0" unitRef="usdPershares" id="ixv-47032">3.50</ix:nonFraction> and (ii) <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c257" decimals="2" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:PercentageOfAverageAmount" scale="-2" unitRef="pure" id="ixv-47033">90</ix:nonFraction>% of the average of the three lowest VWAPs during
the <ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c257" format="ixt-sec:durday" name="abvc:TradingDays" id="ixv-47034">20</ix:nonNumeric> trading days prior to conversion. The 3<sup>rd</sup> Lind Note shall be due and payable on July 17, 2025 and bear no interest.
The Company may prepay all, but not less than all, outstanding principal amount prior to maturity, and Lind shall have the right to convert
up to one third of the principal amount when the Company prepays. Upon the occurrence of any Event of Default (as defined in the 3<sup>rd</sup>
Lind Note), the Company must pay Lind an amount equal to <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c257" decimals="2" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:DebtInstrumentRedemptionPricePercentageOfPrincipalAmountRedeemed" scale="-2" unitRef="pure" id="ixv-47035">120</ix:nonFraction>% of the then outstanding principal amount of the Lind Note, in addition
to any other remedies under the Note or the other transaction documents Lind also received a <ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c258" format="ixt-sec:duryear" name="abvc:PurchaseWarrantTerm" id="ixv-47036">5</ix:nonNumeric>-year, common stock purchase warrant to
purchase up to <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c256" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfSecuritiesCalledByWarrantsOrRights" scale="0" unitRef="shares" id="ixv-47037">1,000,000</ix:nonFraction> shares of the Company&#8217;s common stock at an initial exercise price of $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c258" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:WarrantExercisePriceIncrease" scale="0" unitRef="usdPershares" id="ixv-47038">2</ix:nonFraction> per share. The warrants were valued
using the Black-Scholes model. The fair value of the warrants was determined to be $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c259" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:FairValueAdjustmentOfWarrants" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-47039">394,071</ix:nonFraction>, which was recorded to debt discount. An
amendment was filed with the SEC on February 29, 2024 to disclose that due to Nasdaq requirements, the parties entered into an amendment
to the Note, pursuant to which the conversion price shall have a floor price of $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c260" decimals="2" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:DebtInstrumentConvertibleConversionPrice1" scale="0" unitRef="usdPershares" id="ixv-47040">1.00</ix:nonFraction>. Additionally, the amendment requires the Company
to make a cash payment to Lind if in connection with a conversion, the conversion price is deemed to be the floor price. No conversion
or repayment to 3<sup>rd</sup> Lind Note has occurred during the year ended December 31, 2024. On March 3 and April 1, 2025, Lind converted
$<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c536" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:DebtInstrumentConvertibleIfConvertedValueInExcessOfPrincipal" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-47041">400,000</ix:nonFraction> principal balance ($<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c537" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:DebtInstrumentConvertibleIfConvertedValueInExcessOfPrincipal" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-47042">200,000</ix:nonFraction> for each conversion) into the Company&#8217;s common stock, leaving outstanding principal of $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c255" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:DebtInstrumentOutstandingPrincipal" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-47043">600,000</ix:nonFraction>.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">In connection with above three Lind Note offerings,
the Company and its subsidiaries: BioKey, BioLite, Biolite BVI, and American BriVision, jointly and severally guaranteed all of the obligations
of the Company in connection with the offering with certain collateral, as set forth in the related transaction documents.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">On May 22, 2024, November 19, 2024, and January
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">Total interest expenses in connection with the above three Lind Notes were $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c541" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:InterestExpenseOther" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-47050">209,372</ix:nonFraction> and $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c542" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:InterestExpenseOther" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-47051">172,884</ix:nonFraction> for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.</span></p></ix:continuation><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>


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</div><ix:continuation id="_DebtDisclosureTextBlock-c0_cont_2"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Other Convertible Notes Payable</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">On November 1, 2024 and November 5, 2024,
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individuals, for total consideration of $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c266" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:ConsiderationAmount" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-47053">60,000</ix:nonFraction>. Each note has a <ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c544" format="ixt-sec:duryear" name="us-gaap:DebtInstrumentTerm" id="ixv-47054">1</ix:nonNumeric>-year term and an implied annual discount rate of <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c545" decimals="4" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:PercentageOfAnnualDiscountRate" scale="-2" unitRef="pure" id="ixv-47055">6.89</ix:nonFraction>%. These convertible
notes bear a <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c546" decimals="2" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:ShortTermDebtPercentageBearingFixedInterestRate" scale="-2" unitRef="pure" id="ixv-47056">0</ix:nonFraction>% interest rate and are convertible by the holders into the AiBtl&#8217;s common stock at $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c547" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare" scale="0" unitRef="usdPershares" id="ixv-47057">5</ix:nonFraction> per share at any time before
the maturity. AiBtl reserves the right to repurchase the note in full at any time before maturity.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">The convertible notes payable is accounted
for in accordance with ASC 470-20, Debt with Conversion and Other Options. The Company evaluated the conversion feature and determined
that it qualifies for equity classification as it meets the &#8220;fixed-for-fixed&#8221; criteria. The proceeds from the issuance were
allocated to the present value of the liability component in aggregate for $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c0" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:ProceedsFromIssuanceOfDebt" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-47058">56,132</ix:nonFraction>, and to debt discount for $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c548" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:AmortizationOfDebtDiscountPremium" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-47059">3,868</ix:nonFraction>. The debt discount
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">The debt discount is being amortized over
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
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    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c1" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:EmployeeRelatedLiabilitiesCurrent" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-47143">126,106</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">Others</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c5" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:OtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-47144">617,879</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c1" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:OtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-47145">557,866</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="-keep: true">Total</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c5" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:OtherAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilities" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-47146">3,826,819</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c1" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:OtherAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilities" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-47147">3,509,422</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  </table></ix:nonNumeric></ix:nonNumeric><div>


</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c0" escape="true" name="us-gaap:ShortTermDebtTextBlock" id="ixv-40443"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b style="-keep: true">9. SHORT-TERM LOANS</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(1)</span></td> <td><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c0" continuedAt="_ScheduleOfShortTermDebtTextBlock-c0_cont_1" escape="true" name="us-gaap:ScheduleOfShortTermDebtTextBlock" id="ixv-40453"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Short-term loans consists of the following:</span></ix:nonNumeric></td></tr> </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:continuation id="_ScheduleOfShortTermDebtTextBlock-c0_cont_1"><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">March&#160;31,</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">December&#160;31,</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">2025</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">2024</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 76%; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">Cathay United Bank</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c559" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:ShortTermBorrowings" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-47148">169,407</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c286" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:ShortTermBorrowings" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-47149">200,252</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">CTBC Bank</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c567" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:ShortTermBorrowings" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-47150">602,000</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c299" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:ShortTermBorrowings" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-47151">610,000</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: justify; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">Other individual</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c568" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:ShortTermBorrowings" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-47152">30,000</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c301" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:ShortTermBorrowings" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-47153">30,000</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: justify; padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="-keep: true">Total</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c5" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:ShortTermBorrowings" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-47154">801,407</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c1" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:ShortTermBorrowings" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-47155">840,252</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  </table></ix:continuation>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Cathay United Bank</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">On June 28, 2016, BioLite Taiwan and Cathay
United Bank entered into a one-year bank loan agreement (the &#8220;Cathay United Loan Agreement&#8221;) in a credit limit amount of
NTD <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c283" decimals="-5" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity" scale="6" unitRef="twd" id="ixv-47156">7.5</ix:nonFraction> million, equivalent to $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c283" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-47157">228,750</ix:nonFraction>. The term started June 28, 2016 with maturity date at <ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c558" format="ixt:date-monthname-day-year-en" name="us-gaap:DebtInstrumentMaturityDate" id="ixv-47158">June 28, 2017</ix:nonNumeric>. The loan balance bears interest
at a floating rate of prime rate plus <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c285" decimals="4" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:AccountsPayableInterestBearingInterestRate" scale="-2" unitRef="pure" id="ixv-47159">1.31</ix:nonFraction>%. The prime rate is based on the term deposit saving interest rate of Cathay United Bank.
The Company renews the agreement with the bank every year, and the next renewal date is September 6, 2025. As of March 31, 2025 and December
31, 2024, the effective interest rates per annum was <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c559" decimals="4" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:DebtInstrumentInterestRateEffectivePercentage" scale="-2" unitRef="pure" id="ixv-47160">2.99</ix:nonFraction>% and <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c286" decimals="4" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:DebtInstrumentInterestRateEffectivePercentage" scale="-2" unitRef="pure" id="ixv-47161">2.99</ix:nonFraction>%, respectively. The loan is collateralized by the building and improvement
of BioLite Taiwan, and is also personal guaranteed by the Company&#8217;s chairman. During the three months ended March 31, 2025, the
Company made payments of the loan in total of NTD <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c0" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:RepaymentsOfShortTermDebt" scale="0" unitRef="twd" id="ixv-47162">937,500</ix:nonFraction>, equivalent to $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c0" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:RepaymentsOfShortTermDebt" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-47163">29,250</ix:nonFraction>.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">Interest expenses were $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c560" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:InterestExpenseShortTermBorrowings" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-47164">1,470</ix:nonFraction> and $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c561" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:InterestExpenseShortTermBorrowings" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-47165">1,736</ix:nonFraction> for
the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">CTBC Bank</span>&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">On June 12, 2017 and July 19, 2017, BioLite
Taiwan and CTBC Bank entered into two short-term saving secured bank loan agreements (the &#8220;CTBC Loan Agreements&#8221;) in a credit
limit amount of NTD <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c290" decimals="-6" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity" scale="6" unitRef="twd" id="ixv-47166">10</ix:nonFraction> million, equivalent to $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c290" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-47167">327,500</ix:nonFraction>, and NTD <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c291" decimals="-6" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity" scale="6" unitRef="twd" id="ixv-47168">10</ix:nonFraction> million, equivalent to $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c291" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-47169">327,500</ix:nonFraction>, respectively. Both two loans with
the same maturity date at <ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c293" format="ixt:date-monthname-day-year-en" name="us-gaap:DebtInstrumentMaturityDate" id="ixv-47170"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c292" format="ixt:date-monthname-day-year-en" name="us-gaap:DebtInstrumentMaturityDate" id="ixv-47171">January 19, 2018</ix:nonNumeric></ix:nonNumeric>. In February 2018, BioLite Taiwan combined two loans and extended the loan contract with CTBC
for <ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c294" format="ixt-sec:durwordsen" name="us-gaap:DebtInstrumentTerm" id="ixv-47172">one year</ix:nonNumeric>. The Company renews the agreement with the bank every year, and the next renewal date is February 28, 2025.&#160;The loan
balances bear interest at a fixed rate of <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c562" decimals="3" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:PercentageOfInterestBearingDomesticDepositsToDepositsSavings" scale="-2" unitRef="pure" id="ixv-47173">2.5</ix:nonFraction>% per annum, and is secured by the money deposited in a savings account with the CTBC Bank.
This loan was also personal guaranteed by the Company&#8217;s chairman and BioFirst. During the year ended December 31, 2020, BioLite
Taiwan opened a TCD account with CTBC bank to guarantee the loan going forward.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">Interest expenses were $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c563" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:InterestExpenseShortTermBorrowings" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-47174">3,761</ix:nonFraction> and $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c564" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:InterestExpenseShortTermBorrowings" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-47175">3,964</ix:nonFraction> for
the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Other individual &#8211; Third party</span>&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">On March 21, 2024, the Company issued an unsecured
promissory note to a third party for the proceeds of $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c296" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:ProceedsFromIssuanceOfAPromissoryNote" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-47176">30,000</ix:nonFraction>. The note bears interest rate of <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c297" decimals="2" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:ShortTermDebtPercentageBearingVariableInterestRate" scale="-2" unitRef="pure" id="ixv-47177">12</ix:nonFraction>% per annum and matures on <ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c297" format="ixt:date-monthname-day-year-en" name="abvc:ShortTermDebtMaturityDate" id="ixv-47178">March 21,
2025</ix:nonNumeric>, or upon the occurrence of an event of default. The promissory note was extended for anther year and matures on March 21, 2026,
with the same terms.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">Interest expenses were $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c565" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:InterestExpenseShortTermBorrowings" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-47179">888</ix:nonFraction> and $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c566" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:InterestExpenseShortTermBorrowings" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-47180">0</ix:nonFraction> for the
three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.</span></p></ix:nonNumeric><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>


</div><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 173; Value: 1 --><div>
    </div><div style="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">F-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->66<!-- Field: /Sequence --></p></div><div>
    </div><div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div><div>
    </div><!-- Field: /Page --><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p><div>

</div><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c0" continuedAt="_RelatedPartyTransactionsDisclosureTextBlock-c0_cont_1" escape="true" name="us-gaap:RelatedPartyTransactionsDisclosureTextBlock" id="ixv-40618"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b style="-keep: true">10. RELATED PARTIES TRANSACTIONS</b>&#160;&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c0" continuedAt="_ScheduleOfRelatedPartyTransactionsTableTextBlock-c0_cont_1" escape="true" name="us-gaap:ScheduleOfRelatedPartyTransactionsTableTextBlock" id="ixv-40623"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">The related parties of the company with whom
transactions are reported in these financial statements are as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Revenues &#8211; related parties</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">There was no cash receipt for the three months
ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 from related parties on the licensing agreements or other services. Therefore, no related party revenue
was recognized during these periods. Please refer to Note 4, Collaborative Agreements for details.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Consulting fees &#8211; related parties</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">In March 2024, the Company engaged Lion Arts
Promotion Inc to provide operation, business development, human resources, and capital finance consulting services. The agreement is
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Accounts receivable - related parties</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:continuation continuedAt="_ScheduleOfRelatedPartyTransactionsTableTextBlock-c0_cont_2" id="_ScheduleOfRelatedPartyTransactionsTableTextBlock-c0_cont_1"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">Accounts receivable due from related parties
consisted of the following as of the periods indicated:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><b style="-keep: true">&#160;</b></p>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>


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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p><div>

</div><ix:continuation continuedAt="_RelatedPartyTransactionsDisclosureTextBlock-c0_cont_2" id="_RelatedPartyTransactionsDisclosureTextBlock-c0_cont_1"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Due from related parties</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">Amounts due from related parties consisted
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:continuation continuedAt="_ScheduleOfRelatedPartyTransactionsTableTextBlock-c0_cont_3" id="_ScheduleOfRelatedPartyTransactionsTableTextBlock-c0_cont_2"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">Due from related party- Current</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-keep: true">Due from related parties- Non-current, net</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 76%; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">BioFirst (Australia) (3)</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c595" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" id="ix_73_fact" name="us-gaap:OtherReceivableBeforeAllowanceForCreditLossNoncurrent" scale="0" unitRef="usd">839,983</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">BioHopeKing Corporation (4)</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">Total</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c1" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:OtherReceivableBeforeAllowanceForCreditLossNoncurrent" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-47197">1,014,193</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">Less: allowance for expected credit losses accounts</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">(<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c1" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:OtherReceivableAllowanceForCreditLossNoncurrent" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-47199">1,014,193</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; padding-left: 0.125in"><span style="-keep: true">Net</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-352"><span style="-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-353"><span style="-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  </table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(1) &#160;</span></td> <td><ix:footnote id="ix_23_footnote" xml:lang="en-US"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">On June 16, 2022, the Company entered into a one-year convertible loan agreement with Rgene, with a principal amount of $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c305" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:DebtInstrumentAnnualPrincipalPayment" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-47200">1,000,000</ix:nonFraction> and made $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c569" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:DebtInstrumentAnnualPrincipalPayment" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-47201">500,000</ix:nonFraction> to Rgene which bears interest at <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c306" decimals="2" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:AccountsPayableInterestBearingInterestRate" scale="-2" unitRef="pure" id="ixv-47202">5</ix:nonFraction>% per annum for the use of working capital that, if fully converted, would result in ABVC owning an additional <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c570" decimals="3" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:PercentageOfWorkingCapital" scale="-2" unitRef="pure" id="ixv-47203">6.4</ix:nonFraction>% of Rgene. The Company may convert the Note at any time into shares of Rgene&#8217;s common stock at either (i) a fixed conversion price equal to $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c571" decimals="2" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:DebtInstrumentConvertibleConversionPrice1" scale="0" unitRef="usdPershares" id="ixv-47204">1.00</ix:nonFraction> per share or (ii) <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c572" decimals="2" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:DebtInstrumentConvertibleThresholdPercentageOfStockPriceTrigger" scale="-2" unitRef="pure" id="ixv-47205">20</ix:nonFraction>% discount of the stock price of the then most recent offering, whichever is lower; the conversion price is subject to adjustment as set forth in the Note. The Note includes standard events of default, as well as a cross-default provision pursuant to which a breach of the Service Agreement will trigger an event of default under the convertible note if not cured after 5 business days of written notice regarding the breach is provided. The loan was converted to Rgene&#8217;s common stock in May 2024 but the Company was not informed until April 2025. Please see detail discussion in Note 7.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the outstanding loan balance were $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c6" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:DepositLiabilitiesAccruedInterest" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-47206">0</ix:nonFraction> and $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c3" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:PrincipalAmountOutstandingOnLoansSecuritized" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-47207">500,000</ix:nonFraction>; and accrued interest was $<span style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-355">0and</span> $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c3" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:DepositLiabilitiesAccruedInterest" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-47208">63,819</ix:nonFraction>, respectively. Both principal and accrued interest were converted to Rgene&#8217;s common stocks.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company has other receivables amounted to $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c6" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:OtherReceivables" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-47209">1,867</ix:nonFraction> and $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c3" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:OtherReceivables" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-47210">1,892</ix:nonFraction>, respectively, from Rgene due to daily operations.</span></p></ix:footnote></td></tr> </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

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On December 1, 2021, the Company entered into a loan agreement with BioFirst (Australia) for $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c319" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:DebtInstrumentFaceAmount" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-47232">250,000</ix:nonFraction> to increase the cost for upcoming projects. The loan will be matured on <ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c0" format="ixt:date-monthname-day-year-en" name="us-gaap:RelatedPartyTransactionDate" id="ixv-47233">November 30, 2022</ix:nonNumeric> with an interest rate of <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c0" decimals="3" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:RelatedPartyTransactionRate" scale="-2" unitRef="pure" id="ixv-47234">6.5</ix:nonFraction>% per annum. 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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p><div>

</div><ix:continuation id="_RelatedPartyTransactionsDisclosureTextBlock-c0_cont_2"><ix:continuation continuedAt="_ScheduleOfRelatedPartyTransactionsTableTextBlock-c0_cont_4" id="_ScheduleOfRelatedPartyTransactionsTableTextBlock-c0_cont_3"><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(4)</span></td> <td style="text-align: justify"><ix:footnote id="ix_26_footnote" xml:lang="en-US"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On February 24, 2015, BioLite Taiwan and BioHopeKing Corporation (the &#8220;BHK&#8221;) entered into a co-development agreement, (the &#8220;BHK Co-Development Agreement&#8221;, see Note 4). <ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c577" name="us-gaap:DebtInstrumentInterestRateTerms" id="ixv-47242">The development costs shall be shared 50/50 between BHK and the Company. Under the term of the agreement, BioLite issued relevant development cost to BHK.</ix:nonNumeric> As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, due from BHK was both NTD <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c5" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:OtherReceivableAfterAllowanceForCreditLossNoncurrent" scale="0" unitRef="twd" id="ixv-47243">3,941,299</ix:nonFraction> (approximately$<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c528" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:OtherReceivableAfterAllowanceForCreditLossNoncurrent" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-47244">118,633</ix:nonFraction> and $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c221" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:OtherReceivableAfterAllowanceForCreditLossNoncurrent" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-47245">120,210</ix:nonFraction>, respectively). The business conditions of BHK deteriorated and as a result, the Company recognized expected credit losses of NTD <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c7" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:RecognizedCreditLosses" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-47246">3,941,299</ix:nonFraction> as of December 31, 2024. No recovery was made during three months ended March 31, 2025.</span></ix:footnote></td></tr> </table></ix:continuation>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b style="-keep: true">&#160;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">The Company&#8217;s due from related parties
are subject to certain risks that our collaborative parties, including OncoX and FEYE, would face. Such risks exist in future market
conditions, macro economy, legal and regulatory, results of clinical trials and product developments, and among others. As of March 31,
2025, the Company&#8217;s comprehensive review of these due from related party balances indicates that there are no expected losses except
those being recognized above. This conclusion is based on the business relationships with our related parties and the absence of any
significant indicators of potential default.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b style="-keep: true">&#160;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Due to related parties</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b style="-keep: true">&#160;</b></p>

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the following as of the periods indicated:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">2025</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 76%; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">AiBtl Holding (1)</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c599" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" id="ix_77_fact" name="us-gaap:OtherLiabilitiesCurrent" scale="0" unitRef="usd">348,219</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c600" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" id="ix_78_fact" name="us-gaap:OtherLiabilitiesCurrent" scale="0" unitRef="usd">348,219</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">The Jiangs (2)</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c601" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" id="ix_79_fact" name="us-gaap:OtherLiabilitiesCurrent" scale="0" unitRef="usd">222,522</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c602" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" id="ix_80_fact" name="us-gaap:OtherLiabilitiesCurrent" scale="0" unitRef="usd">274,170</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td><span style="-keep: true">Shareholders (3)</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c603" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" id="ix_81_fact" name="us-gaap:OtherLiabilitiesCurrent" scale="0" unitRef="usd">140,266</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c604" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" id="ix_82_fact" name="us-gaap:OtherLiabilitiesCurrent" scale="0" unitRef="usd">142,130</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">Lion Art Promotions Inc (4)</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c605" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" id="ix_83_fact" name="us-gaap:OtherLiabilitiesCurrent" scale="0" unitRef="usd">65,738</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-354"><span style="-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">Directors (5)</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c607" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" id="ix_84_fact" name="us-gaap:OtherLiabilitiesCurrent" scale="0" unitRef="usd">12,953</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c608" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" id="ix_85_fact" name="us-gaap:OtherLiabilitiesCurrent" scale="0" unitRef="usd">8,526</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">Total</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c6" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:OtherLiabilitiesCurrent" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-47256">819,384</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c3" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:OtherLiabilitiesCurrent" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-47257">773,045</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  </table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(1)</span></td> <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:footnote id="ix_27_footnote" xml:lang="en-US">On April 11, 2024, May 10, 2024, August 15, 2024, and December 24, 2024, AiBtl received short-term loans from its founding shareholder, AiBtl Holding, for the principal amounts of $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c326" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:ShortTermBorrowings" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-47259">40,000</ix:nonFraction>, $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c327" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:ShortTermBorrowings" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-47260">60,000</ix:nonFraction>, $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c328" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:ShortTermBorrowings" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-47261">33,732</ix:nonFraction>, and $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c329" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:ShortTermBorrowings" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-47262">214,487</ix:nonFraction>, respectively, for the purpose of daily operations. These loans do not bear interest and are payable on demand.</ix:footnote> </span></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(2)</span></td> <td style="text-align: justify"><ix:footnote id="ix_28_footnote" xml:lang="en-US"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Since 2019, the Jiangs advanced funds to the Company for working capital purpose. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the outstanding balance due to the Jiangs amounted to $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c5" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:OutstandingBalanceAmount" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-47263">222,522</ix:nonFraction> and $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c1" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:OutstandingBalanceAmount" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-47264">274,170</ix:nonFraction>, respectively. These loans bear no interest and are due on demand.</span></ix:footnote></td></tr> </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -24.1pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(4)</span></td> <td style="text-align: justify"><ix:footnote id="ix_30_footnote" xml:lang="en-US"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Accrued consulting services fee for the three months ended March 31, 2025.</span></ix:footnote></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(5)</span></td> <td style="text-align: justify"><ix:footnote id="ix_31_footnote" xml:lang="en-US"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, due to Directors amounted to $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c582" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:DebtInstrumentIncreaseAccruedInterest" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-47270">12,953</ix:nonFraction> and $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c332" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:DebtInstrumentIncreaseAccruedInterest" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-47271">8,526</ix:nonFraction>, respectively, were related to the daily operating expenses since inception in 2023 paid by the Directors of AiBtl on behalf of the entity.</span></ix:footnote></td></tr> </table></ix:continuation></ix:continuation><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -24.1pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>


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    </div><div style="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">F-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->69<!-- Field: /Sequence --></p></div><div>
    </div><div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div><div>
    </div><!-- Field: /Page --><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c0" escape="true" name="us-gaap:IncomeTaxDisclosureTextBlock" id="ixv-41387"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b style="-keep: true">11. INCOME TAXES</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in"><span style="-keep: true">Income tax
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

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as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024 consist approximately of:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">March&#160;31,</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">December&#160;31,</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">2025</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">Net operating loss carryforwards</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">(<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c5" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLeaseAssets" scale="0" sign="-" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-47278">155,559</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">)</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">(<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c5" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-47282">6,584,028</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">)</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-356"><span style="-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-357"><span style="-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c0" continuedAt="_StockholdersEquityNoteDisclosureTextBlock-c0_cont_1" escape="true" name="us-gaap:StockholdersEquityNoteDisclosureTextBlock" id="ixv-41573"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b style="-keep: true">12. EQUITY</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">The Company previously reported that during
the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company entered into service agreements with Euro-Asia Investment &amp; Finance Corp Ltd. (a related
party), Ever Adventure inv. (Formosa) Consultant Co., Ltd., New Eastern Asia (a related party), and Kimho Consultants Co., Ltd. (a related
party) for the maintenance of the listing in the U.S. stock exchange market, investor relations, and business development. Pursuant to
the agreements, the Company issued <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c367" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesIssuedForServices" scale="0" unitRef="shares" id="ixv-47284">644,972</ix:nonFraction> shares of the Company&#8217;s common stock for the consulting service from July 2019 to July
2024 for the service fee of $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c367" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueIssuedForServices" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-47285">4,514,800</ix:nonFraction> in aggregate, and recorded as stock subscription receivable. For the three months ended March
31, 2024, stock subscription receivable recognized as stock-based compensation in equity was $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c609" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueShareBasedCompensation" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-47286">225,740</ix:nonFraction>.&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">After further reviewed and investigation,
above services were completely provided by December 31, 2022. Pursuant to ASC 718, the costs of services should be recognized along with
the period when services are received. Therefore, the Company reversed share-based compensation expenses of $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c610" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-47287">225,740</ix:nonFraction> for the three months
ended March 31, 2024.</span></p></ix:nonNumeric><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>


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    </div><!-- Field: /Page --><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p><div>

</div><ix:continuation continuedAt="_StockholdersEquityNoteDisclosureTextBlock-c0_cont_2" id="_StockholdersEquityNoteDisclosureTextBlock-c0_cont_1"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">On August 14, 2023, the Company entered into
a cooperation agreement with Zhonghui. Pursuant thereto, the Company expect to receive <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c377" decimals="2" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:SaleOfStockPercentageOfOwnershipAfterTransaction" scale="-2" unitRef="pure" id="ixv-47288">20</ix:nonFraction>% of the ownership of a property and the parcel
of the land owned by Zhonghui in Leshan, Sichuan, China. During the third quarter of 2023, the Company issued to Zhonghui, an aggregate
of <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c611" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:AggregateCommonStockShares" scale="0" unitRef="shares" id="ixv-47289">370,000</ix:nonFraction> shares (post-split) of the Company&#8217;s common stock, at a per share price of $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c612" decimals="2" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:SharesIssuedPricePerShare" scale="0" unitRef="usdPershares" id="ixv-47290">1.87</ix:nonFraction>, for $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c611" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:ProceedsFromIssuanceOfCommonStock" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-47291">691,900</ix:nonFraction>.&#160;The Company also
issued <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c377" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesIssuedForServices" scale="0" unitRef="shares" id="ixv-47292">29,600</ix:nonFraction> common stock to consultants for providing consulting services on the above transaction. Please refer Note 2 for the restatement
of prior period reported amounts.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">On January 27, 2024, the Company granted <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c380" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAvailableForGrant" scale="0" unitRef="shares" id="ixv-47293">1,302,726</ix:nonFraction>
restricted shares to its employees and directors under the 2016 Equity Incentive Plan as compensation for their previous services, with
an issuance date of February 2, 2024. These shares are subject to a three-year restriction period.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">On February 6, 2024, the Company entered into
a definitive agreement with Shuling Jiang (&#8220;Shuling&#8221;), pursuant to which Shuling shall transfer the ownership of certain
land she owns located at Taoyuan City, Taiwan (the &#8220;Land&#8221;) to the Company (the &#8220;Agreement&#8221;). Shuling is a director
of the Company, is married to TS Jiang, the Company&#8217;s Chief Strategic Officer and owns approximately <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c381" decimals="3" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage" scale="-2" unitRef="pure" id="ixv-47294">15.4</ix:nonFraction>% of the Company&#8217;s
issued and outstanding shares of common stock. In consideration for the Land, the Company was to pay Shuling (i) <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c382" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:AssetConsiderationCommonStock" scale="0" unitRef="shares" id="ixv-47295">703,496</ix:nonFraction> restricted shares
of the Company&#8217;s common stock (the &#8220;Shares&#8221;) at a price of $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c383" decimals="2" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare" scale="0" unitRef="usdPershares" id="ixv-47296">3.50</ix:nonFraction> per share and (ii) five-year warrants to purchase
up to <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c384" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfSecuritiesCalledByEachWarrantOrRight" scale="0" unitRef="shares" id="ixv-47297">1,000,000</ix:nonFraction> shares of the Company&#8217;s common stock, with an exercise price of $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c385" decimals="2" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:ClassOfWarrantOrRightExercisePriceOfWarrantsOrRights1" scale="0" unitRef="usdPershares" id="ixv-47298">2.00</ix:nonFraction> per share. Under the Agreement, Shuling was
to also transfer outstanding liability owed on the Land (approximately $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c386" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:OutstandingLiabilityOwnedAmount" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-47299">500,000</ix:nonFraction>) to the Company. On May 16, 2024, the Company&#8217;s
board of directors determined that it was in the best interest of the Company and its shareholders to terminate the Agreement and not
proceed with the transfer of land ownership; the Company may reconsider the transaction at a later date. The shares were returned and
booked as treasury stock, and the warrants were not issued.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">In July 2024, the Company entered into an
agreement with its landlord in California, pursuant that the Company issued <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c613" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues" scale="0" unitRef="shares" id="ixv-47300">169,992</ix:nonFraction> shares of common stock for the rent payable through
July 2024, in total of $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c614" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:PaymentsForRent" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-47301">127,494</ix:nonFraction>. The Company also issued <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c615" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues" scale="0" unitRef="shares" id="ixv-47302">43,458</ix:nonFraction> shares on August 14, 2024 for the August 2024 rent, and <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c616" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues" scale="0" unitRef="shares" id="ixv-47303">46,072</ix:nonFraction> shares
were issued on September 3, 2024 for the September 2024 rent. Further, we issued <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c617" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues" scale="0" unitRef="shares" id="ixv-47304">64,147</ix:nonFraction> shares on October 29, 2024 for October rent,
<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c618" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues" scale="0" unitRef="shares" id="ixv-47305">45,293</ix:nonFraction> shares on November 13, 2024 for November rent, and <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c619" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues" scale="0" unitRef="shares" id="ixv-47306">30,422</ix:nonFraction> shares on December 26, 2024 for half month of December rent. In 2025,
the Company issued <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c75" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues" scale="0" unitRef="shares" id="ixv-47307">28,135</ix:nonFraction> shares, <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c620" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues" scale="0" unitRef="shares" id="ixv-47308">22,031</ix:nonFraction> shares, and <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c621" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues" scale="0" unitRef="shares" id="ixv-47309">30,488</ix:nonFraction> shares for each of the half month rent from January 2025 to March 2025, respectively.
On April 9, 2025, the Company entered another agreement with the landlord to settle remaining balance of each half month of February
and March 2025 rent, and April 2025 rent, by issuing <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c622" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues" scale="0" unitRef="shares" id="ixv-47310">120,398</ix:nonFraction> of the Company&#8217;s common stock, in the value of $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c623" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues" scale="0" unitRef="shares" id="ixv-47311">66,219</ix:nonFraction>.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Noncontrolling Interests</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">On March 14, 2024, AiBtl issued <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c398" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:CommonStockSharesIssued" scale="0" unitRef="shares" id="ixv-47312">1,610,700</ix:nonFraction>
AiBtl&#8217;s common stocks to a land acquisition transaction in Taiwan, including the 1-year business consulting fee of $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c399" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:ConsultingFee" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-47313">383,500</ix:nonFraction> incurred
beginning in November 2023, and the cost of land $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c400" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:Land" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-47314">7,670,000</ix:nonFraction>. Due to certain administrative processes and restrictions, AiBtl has not
acquired ownership of the land and no asset was recognized.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">Yunzhiyi, a Taiwan corporation, was incorporated
in August 2024, with <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c624" decimals="2" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:MinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent" scale="-2" unitRef="pure" id="ixv-47315">90</ix:nonFraction>% owned by BioLite Taiwan and <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c625" decimals="2" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:MinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent" scale="-2" unitRef="pure" id="ixv-47316">10</ix:nonFraction>% owned by Shuling Jiang, the Company&#8217;s director. This entity is set up
for holding the land that AiBtl acquired in Taiwan for developing health related business in Taiwan. Due to certain administrative processes
and restrictions, the title transfer has not completed, and no asset was recognized as of the issuance of this report. However, AiBtl
entered a series of agreements with the sellers in March 2025, to obtain the complete rights and obligations of the land while in the
process of transferring the title. These agreements are effective until the title transfer is completed. AiBtl recognized such asset
on its balance sheet on March 31, 2025. Refer to Note 6 for details.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Lind Offerings and Repayments</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">On February 23, 2023, in connection with the
issuance of the Lind Note (referring to Note 7), the Company issued Lind a <ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c403" format="ixt-sec:duryear" name="abvc:PurchaseWarrantTerm" id="ixv-47317">5</ix:nonNumeric>-year term of common stock purchase warrant to purchase up
to <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c404" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfSecuritiesCalledByEachWarrantOrRight" scale="0" unitRef="shares" id="ixv-47318">529,167</ix:nonFraction> shares (post-split) of the Company&#8217;s common stock at an initial exercise price of $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c405" decimals="1" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:WarrantExercisePriceDecrease" scale="0" unitRef="usdPershares" id="ixv-47319">10.5</ix:nonFraction> per share (post-split), subject
to adjustment. The warrant exercise price was reset to $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c406" decimals="1" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:ClassOfWarrantOrRightExercisePriceOfWarrantsOrRights1" scale="0" unitRef="usdPershares" id="ixv-47320">3.5</ix:nonFraction> in accordance with the issuance of common stock in relation to securities
purchase agreement in July 2023. On May 22, 2024, the exercise price of these warrants was further reset to $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c407" decimals="2" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:WarrantExercisePriceIncrease" scale="0" unitRef="usdPershares" id="ixv-47321">0.75</ix:nonFraction> along with the immediate
exercise of existing warrants and issuance of the New Warrants.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">During the three months ended March 31, 2024,
the Company has made repayment of Lind Note with the Company&#8217;s common stock for <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c626" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues" scale="0" unitRef="shares" id="ixv-47322">751,795</ix:nonFraction> shares, totaling $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c626" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssues" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-47323">681,000</ix:nonFraction>. As of December
31, 2024, the first Lind Note was fully repaid.</span></p></ix:continuation><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><ix:continuation id="_StockholdersEquityNoteDisclosureTextBlock-c0_cont_2"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">On November 17, 2023, in connection with the
issuance of the 2<sup>nd</sup> Lind Note (referring to Note 7), Lind also received a <ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c250" format="ixt-sec:duryear" name="us-gaap:CreditDerivativeTerm1" id="ixv-47324">5</ix:nonNumeric>-year term of common stock purchase warrants to
purchase up to <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c408" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfSecuritiesCalledByWarrantsOrRights" scale="0" unitRef="shares" id="ixv-47325">1,000,000</ix:nonFraction> shares of the Company&#8217;s common stock at an initial exercise price of $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c250" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:WarrantExercisePriceIncrease" scale="0" unitRef="usdPershares" id="ixv-47326">2</ix:nonFraction> per share. The warrants were valued
using the Black-Scholes model and the fair value was determined to be $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c250" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:FairValueAdjustmentOfWarrants" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-47327">480,795</ix:nonFraction>, which was recorded as a debt discount.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">On January 17, 2024, in connection with the
issuance of the 3<sup>rd</sup> Lind Note (referring to Note 7), Lind also received <ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c257" format="ixt-sec:duryear" name="us-gaap:CreditDerivativeTerm1" id="ixv-47328">5</ix:nonNumeric>-year term of common stock purchase warrants to purchase
up to <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c409" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfSecuritiesCalledByWarrantsOrRights" scale="0" unitRef="shares" id="ixv-47329">1,000,000</ix:nonFraction> shares of the Company&#8217;s common stock at an initial exercise price of $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c409" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:ClassOfWarrantOrRightExercisePriceOfWarrantsOrRights1" scale="0" unitRef="usdPershares" id="ixv-47330">2</ix:nonFraction> per share.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">On May 22, 2024, the Company and Lind entered
into a letter agreement, pursuant to which Lind will exercise, for cash, <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c410" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:SaleOfStockNumberOfSharesIssuedInTransaction" scale="0" unitRef="shares" id="ixv-47331">1,000,000</ix:nonFraction> of its Pre-Existing Warrants (all of the warrants
issued to Lind on February 23, 2023, November 17, 2023 and January 17, 2024 are hereinafter referred to as the &#8220;Pre-Existing Warrants&#8221;),
to purchase shares of Common Stock at a reduced exercise price of $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c411" decimals="2" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:WarrantExercisePriceDecrease" scale="0" unitRef="usdPershares" id="ixv-47332">0.75</ix:nonFraction> per share. Such <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c407" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:SaleOfStockNumberOfSharesIssuedInTransaction" scale="0" unitRef="shares" id="ixv-47333">1,000,000</ix:nonFraction> Pre-Existing Warrants exercised include
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Warrants was reduced to $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c407" decimals="2" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:WarrantExercisePriceDecrease" scale="0" unitRef="usdPershares" id="ixv-47336">0.75</ix:nonFraction> per share according to this agreement. Lind also received new warrants to purchase <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c414" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfSecuritiesCalledByWarrantsOrRights" scale="0" unitRef="shares" id="ixv-47337">1,000,000</ix:nonFraction> shares of
common stock, exercisable at any time on or after the date of its issuance and until the five-year anniversary thereof, for $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c415" decimals="2" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:ClassOfWarrantOrRightExercisePriceOfWarrantsOrRights1" scale="0" unitRef="usdPershares" id="ixv-47338">1.00</ix:nonFraction> per
share (the &#8220;New Warrants&#8221;). The fair value of the New Warrants was determined to be $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c407" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:FairValueAdjustmentOfWarrants" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-47339">925,210</ix:nonFraction> using the Black-Scholes model.
The New Warrants may be exercised via cashless exercise or resale pursuant to the registration statement that was declared effective.
As of December 31, 2024, Lind has exercised <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c416" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfSecuritiesCalledByEachWarrantOrRight" scale="0" unitRef="shares" id="ixv-47340">1,000,000</ix:nonFraction> shares of Pre-Existing Warrants and received <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c417" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:SaleOfStockNumberOfSharesIssuedInTransaction" scale="0" unitRef="shares" id="ixv-47341">1,000,000</ix:nonFraction> shares of New Warrants according
to this agreement. All warrants issued to Lind may be exercised via cashless exercise.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">During the year ended December 31, 2024, the
Company issued Lind in total of <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c418" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:CommonStockSharesIssued" scale="0" unitRef="shares" id="ixv-47342">800,000</ix:nonFraction> shares of the Company&#8217;s common stock as the repayment of $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c7" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:ProceedsFromRepaymentOfLoansToPurchaseCommonStock" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-47343">800,000</ix:nonFraction> principal of 2<sup>nd</sup>
Lind Note. According to the amended agreement pursuant to Nasdaq requirements, the conversion price is subject to $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c419" decimals="2" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:DebtInstrumentConvertibleConversionPrice1" scale="0" unitRef="usdPershares" id="ixv-47344">1.00</ix:nonFraction> floor price if
the conversion price was below such floor, resulting in effective conversion price between $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c97" decimals="4" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:DebtInstrumentConvertibleConversionPrice1" scale="0" unitRef="usdPershares" id="ixv-47345">0.7907</ix:nonFraction> to $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c96" decimals="4" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:DebtInstrumentConvertibleConversionPrice1" scale="0" unitRef="usdPershares" id="ixv-47346">0.4932</ix:nonFraction>. The Company made additional
$<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c7" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:RepaymentsOfConvertibleDebt" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-47347">327,017</ix:nonFraction> cash repayments, with $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c243" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:RepaymentsOfConvertibleDebt" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-47348">127,759</ix:nonFraction> unpaid cash booked in Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities as of December 31, 2024.
On March 3, 2025 and April 1, 2025, Lind converted the remaining $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c627" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:DebtConversionConvertedInstrumentAmount1" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-47349">400,000</ix:nonFraction> ($<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c628" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:DebtConversionConvertedInstrumentAmount1" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-47350">200,000</ix:nonFraction> in each conversion) principal balance on 2<sup>nd</sup>
Lind Note into <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c629" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfSecuritiesCalledByEachWarrantOrRight" scale="0" unitRef="shares" id="ixv-47351">400,000</ix:nonFraction> shares of the Company&#8217;s common stocks. All principal balance of 2<sup>nd</sup> Lind Note was fully converted
as of April 1, 2025.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">On March 3, 2025 and April 1, 2025, Lind converted
$<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c630" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:DebtConversionConvertedInstrumentAmount1" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-47352">400,000</ix:nonFraction> ($<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c631" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:DebtConversionConvertedInstrumentAmount1" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-47353">200,000</ix:nonFraction> in each conversion) principal balance on 3<sup>rd</sup> Lind Note into <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c630" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:ConversionOfStockSharesIssued1" scale="0" unitRef="shares" id="ixv-47354">400,000</ix:nonFraction> shares of the Company&#8217;s common
stocks, leaving outstanding principal of $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c632" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:DebtConversionConvertedInstrumentAmount1" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-47355">600,000</ix:nonFraction>.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">On January 5, 2025, the Company and Lind entered
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of Common Stock, with a current exercise price of $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c634" decimals="2" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:WarrantExercisePriceIncrease" scale="0" unitRef="usdPershares" id="ixv-47357">0.75</ix:nonFraction> per share, at a reduced exercise price of $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c635" decimals="2" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:WarrantExercisePriceDecrease" scale="0" unitRef="usdPershares" id="ixv-47358">0.40</ix:nonFraction> per share.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c0" escape="true" name="us-gaap:ScheduleOfStockholdersEquityNoteWarrantsOrRightsTextBlock" id="ixv-41689"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">Warrants issued and outstanding in connection
with above Lind convertible notes as of March 31, 2025, and their activities during the three-month period ended are as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">Number of<br/> Underlying<br/> Shares</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">Weighted-<br/> Average<br/> Exercise<br/> Price<br/> Per Share</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; 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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 0in"/><td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">*</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><ix:footnote id="ix_32_footnote" xml:lang="en-US"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On January 5, 2025, the Company and Lind entered into a third letter agreement (the &#8220;December Letter Agreement&#8221;), pursuant to which Lind agreed to exercise for cash, <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c636" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfSecuritiesCalledByWarrantsOrRights" scale="0" unitRef="shares" id="ixv-47367">1,029,167</ix:nonFraction> of the Existing Warrants to purchase shares of Common Stock, with a current exercise price of $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c637" decimals="2" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:WarrantExercisePriceIncrease" scale="0" unitRef="usdPershares" id="ixv-47368">0.75</ix:nonFraction> per share, at a reduced exercise price of $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c637" decimals="2" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:WarrantExercisePriceDecrease" scale="0" unitRef="usdPershares" id="ixv-47369">0.40</ix:nonFraction> per share. The weighted average exercise price per share as of December 31, 2024 was adjusted to the reduction accordingly.</span></ix:footnote></td>
</tr></table></ix:nonNumeric></ix:continuation><div>
</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>


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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c0" escape="true" name="us-gaap:DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsShareBasedPaymentsTextBlock" id="ixv-41908"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b style="-keep: true">13. STOCK OPTIONS</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">The Company has <span style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-376"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-377">not</span></span> granted any options during
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31, 2024. Compensation costs associated with the Company&#8217;s stock options are recognized, based on the grant-date fair values of
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

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31, 2025, and their activities during the year then ended are as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c0" escape="true" name="us-gaap:EarningsPerShareTextBlock" id="ixv-42271"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b style="-keep: true">14. LOSS PER SHARE</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">Basic loss per share is computed by dividing
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:continuation id="_ScheduleOfEarningsPerShareBasicAndDilutedTableTextBlock-c0_cont_1"><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 76%; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">Net loss attributable to ABVC&#8217;s common stockholders</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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    <td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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    <td><span style="-keep: true">Loss per share</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">(<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c0" decimals="2" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:EarningsPerShareDiluted" scale="0" sign="-" unitRef="usdPershares" id="ixv-47388"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c0" decimals="2" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:EarningsPerShareBasic" scale="0" sign="-" unitRef="usdPershares" id="ixv-47389">0.06</ix:nonFraction></ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">)</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">(<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c9" decimals="2" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:EarningsPerShareDiluted" scale="0" sign="-" unitRef="usdPershares" id="ixv-47390"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c9" decimals="2" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:EarningsPerShareBasic" scale="0" sign="-" unitRef="usdPershares" id="ixv-47391">0.29</ix:nonFraction></ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">)</span></td></tr>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">Diluted loss per share takes into account
the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue Common Stock were exercised and converted into Common
Stock. Since the Company suffered net loss for both years, any diluted shares would have anti-diluted effect.</span></p></ix:nonNumeric><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>


</div><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 180; Value: 1 --><div>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p><div>

</div><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c0" continuedAt="_LesseeOperatingLeasesTextBlock-c0_cont_1" escape="true" name="us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeasesTextBlock" id="ixv-42496"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b style="-keep: true">15. LEASE</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">The Company adopted FASB Accounting Standards
Codification, Topic 842, Leases (&#8220;ASC 842&#8221;) using the modified retrospective approach, electing the practical expedient that
allows the Company not to restate its comparative periods prior to the adoption of the standard on January 1, 2019.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">The Company applied the following practical
expedients in the transition to the new standard and allowed under ASC 842:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Reassessment of expired
    or existing contracts: The Company elected not to reassess, at the application date, whether any expired or existing contracts contained
    leases, the lease classification for any expired or existing leases, and the accounting for initial direct costs for any existing
    leases.</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Use of hindsight: The
    Company elected to use hindsight in determining the lease term (that is, when considering options to extend or terminate the lease
    and to purchase the underlying asset) and in assessing impairment of right-to-use assets.</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Reassessment of existing
    or expired land easements: The Company elected not to evaluate existing or expired land easements that were not previously accounted
    for as leases under ASC 840, as allowed under the transition practical expedient. Going forward, new or modified land easements will
    be evaluated under ASU No. 2016-02.</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Separation of lease
    and non- lease components: Lease agreements that contain both lease and non-lease components are generally accounted for separately.</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
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    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Short-term lease recognition
    exemption: The Company also elected the short-term lease recognition exemption and will not recognize ROU assets or lease liabilities
    for leases with a term less than 12 months.</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">The new leasing standard requires recognition
of leases on the consolidated balance sheets as right-of-use (&#8220;ROU&#8221;) assets and lease liabilities. ROU assets represent the
Company&#8217;s right to use underlying assets for the lease terms and lease liabilities represent the Company&#8217;s obligation to
make lease payments arising from the leases. Operating lease ROU assets and operating lease liabilities are recognized based on the present
value and future minimum lease payments over the lease term at commencement date. The Company&#8217;s future minimum based payments used
to determine the Company&#8217;s lease liabilities mainly include minimum based rent payments. As most of Company&#8217;s leases do not
provide an implicit rate, the Company uses its estimated incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at commencement
date in determining the present value of lease payments.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">The Company recognized lease liabilities,
with corresponding ROU assets, based on the present value of unpaid lease payments for existing operating leases longer than twelve months.
The ROU assets were adjusted per ASC 842 transition guidance for existing lease-related balances of accrued and prepaid rent, unamortized
lease incentives provided by lessors, and restructuring liabilities. Operating lease cost is recognized as a single lease cost on a straight-line
basis over the lease term and is recorded in Selling, general and administrative expenses. Variable lease payments for common area maintenance,
property taxes and other operating expenses are recognized as expense in the period when the changes in facts and circumstances on which
the variable lease payments are based occur.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">The Company has no finance leases. The Company&#8217;s
leases primarily include various office and laboratory spaces, copy machine, and vehicles under various operating lease arrangements.
The Company&#8217;s operating leases have remaining lease terms of up to approximately five years.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c0" continuedAt="_LeaseCostTableTextBlock-c0_cont_1" escape="true" name="us-gaap:LeaseCostTableTextBlock" id="ixv-42571"><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">March&#160;31,<br/> 2025</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">December&#8239;31,<br/> 2024</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">ASSETS</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 76%; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">Operating lease right-of-use assets</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">LIABILITIES</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">Operating lease liabilities (current)</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c5" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-47394">366,475</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">Operating lease liabilities (non-current)</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c5" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-47396">166,985</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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  </table></ix:nonNumeric></ix:nonNumeric><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>


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</div><ix:continuation id="_LesseeOperatingLeasesTextBlock-c0_cont_1"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b style="-keep: true"><i>Supplemental Information</i></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:continuation id="_LeaseCostTableTextBlock-c0_cont_1"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">The following provides details of the Company&#8217;s
lease expenses:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">Three Months Ended<br/> March 31,</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">2025</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">2024</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 76%; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">Operating lease expenses</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c0" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:OperatingLeaseExpense" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-47398">117,166</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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  </table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">Other information related to leases is presented
below:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">Three Months Ended<br/> March 31,</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">2025</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">2024</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 76%; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of operating lease liabilities</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c0" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:OperatingLeasePayments" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-47400">117,166</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c9" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:OperatingLeasePayments" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-47401">98,502</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  </table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">March&#160;31,<br/> 2025</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">December&#160;31,<br/> 2024</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td><span style="-keep: true">Weighted Average Remaining Lease Term:</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; 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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c0" escape="true" name="us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityMaturityTableTextBlock" id="ixv-42916"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">The minimum future annual payments under non-cancellable
leases during the next five years and thereafter, at rates now in force, are as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">Operating<br/> leases</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 88%"><span style="-keep: true">2025 (Excluding current period)</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c5" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsRemainderOfFiscalYear" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-47406">302,071</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">2026</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c5" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueNextTwelveMonths" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-47407">104,849</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">2027</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c5" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearTwo" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-47408">46,699</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">2028</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c5" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearThree" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-47409">46,699</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">2029</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c5" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearFour" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-47410">46,699</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">Thereafter</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-380"><span style="-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">Total future minimum lease payments, undiscounted</span></td><td><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-keep: true"><ix:nonFraction contextRef="c5" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-47411">547,017</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">Less: Imputed interest</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c0" escape="true" name="us-gaap:CommitmentsAndContingenciesDisclosureTextBlock" id="ixv-43036"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b style="-keep: true">16. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES</b>&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">In the ordinary course of business, the Company
may be subject to legal proceedings regarding contractual and employment relationships and a variety of other matters. The Company records
contingent liabilities resulting from such claims, when a loss is assessed to be probable, and the amount of the loss is reasonably estimable.
In the opinion of management, there were no pending or threatened claims and litigation as of March 31, 2025 and up through the date
of the consolidated financial statements was available to the issued.</span></p></ix:nonNumeric><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c0" escape="true" name="us-gaap:SubsequentEventsTextBlock" id="ixv-43047"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b style="-keep: true">17. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS</b>&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">In April 2025, the Company conducted a private
offering of its common stock to several individual investors, issuing <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c644" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues" scale="0" unitRef="shares" id="ixv-47414">724,372</ix:nonFraction> unregistered shares at $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c645" decimals="2" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:UnregisteredPricePerShares" scale="0" unitRef="usdPershares" id="ixv-47415">0.60</ix:nonFraction> to $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c646" decimals="2" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:UnregisteredPricePerShares" scale="0" unitRef="usdPershares" id="ixv-47416">0.65</ix:nonFraction> per share, raising
a total of $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c644" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:ProceedsFromIssuanceOfPrivatePlacement" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-47417">436,125</ix:nonFraction>.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">In April 2025, the Company issued <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c647" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues" scale="0" unitRef="shares" id="ixv-47418">9,909</ix:nonFraction> unregistered
restricted shares to an individual consultant as a consideration of $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c647" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:ProceedsFromContributedCapital" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-47419">9,800</ix:nonFraction> ($<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c648" decimals="2" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:UnregisteredPricePerShares" scale="0" unitRef="usdPershares" id="ixv-47420">0.99</ix:nonFraction> per share) for the services.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">In April 2025, the Company issued <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c649" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues" scale="0" unitRef="shares" id="ixv-47421">50,000</ix:nonFraction> and
<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c650" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues" scale="0" unitRef="shares" id="ixv-47422">90,277</ix:nonFraction> shares of common stock to two advisors for their financial and business advisory services, as the consideration of $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c649" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:ProceedsFromContributedCapital" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-47423">52,500</ix:nonFraction> and
$<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c650" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:ProceedsFromContributedCapital" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-47424">94,791</ix:nonFraction> ($<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c651" decimals="2" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:UnregisteredPricePerShares" scale="0" unitRef="usdPershares" id="ixv-47425">1.05</ix:nonFraction> and $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c652" decimals="2" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:UnregisteredPricePerShares" scale="0" unitRef="usdPershares" id="ixv-47426">1.05</ix:nonFraction> per share), respectively.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">In April 2025, AiBtl issued <ix:nonFraction contextRef="c653" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues" scale="0" unitRef="shares" id="ixv-47427">1,800</ix:nonFraction> shares of
its common stock at $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c654" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="abvc:UnregisteredPricePerShares" scale="0" unitRef="usdPershares" id="ixv-47428">5</ix:nonFraction> per share, raising a total of $<ix:nonFraction contextRef="c653" decimals="0" format="ixt:num-dot-decimal" name="us-gaap:ProceedsFromContributedCapital" scale="0" unitRef="usd" id="ixv-47429">9,000</ix:nonFraction> from an individual investor.</span></p></ix:nonNumeric><div>




</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p><div>

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    </div><div style="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">F-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->75<!-- Field: /Sequence --></p></div><div>
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    </div><!-- Field: /Page --><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>PART II &#8212; INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN
PROSPECTUS</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Item 13. <i>Other Expenses of Issuance and
Distribution</i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The following table sets forth all expenses to
be paid by the Registrant, other than estimated placement agents&#8217; fees, in connection with our public offering. All amounts shown
are estimates except for the SEC registration fee and the FINRA filing fee:</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 88%; text-align: left">SEC registration fee</td><td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">3,500</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: justify">FINRA filing fee</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">6,000</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: justify">Legal fees and expenses</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">95,000</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: justify">Accounting fees and expenses</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">20,000</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: justify">Transfer agent and registrar fees</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">10,000</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: justify; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Miscellaneous fees and expenses</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">&#8212;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: justify; padding-bottom: 4pt">Total</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">134,500</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  </table><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Item 14. <i>Indemnification of Directors and
Officers</i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Neither our Articles of Incorporation nor Bylaws
prevent us from indemnifying our officers, directors and agents to the extent permitted under the Nevada Revised Statute (&#8220;NRS&#8221;).
NRS Section 78.7502 provides that a corporation shall indemnify any director, officer, employee or agent of a corporation against expenses,
including attorneys&#8217; fees, actually and reasonably incurred by him in connection with any the defense to the extent that a director,
officer, employee or agent of a corporation has been successful on the merits or otherwise in defense of any action, suit or proceeding
referred to Section 78.7502(1) or 78.7502(2), or in defense of any claim, issue or matter therein.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">NRS 78.7502(1) provides that a corporation may
indemnify any person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed action, suit or
proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative, except an action by or in the right of the corporation, by reason
of the fact that he is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the corporation
as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, against expenses,
including attorneys&#8217; fees, judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred by him in connection
with the action, suit or proceeding if he: (a) is not liable pursuant to NRS 78.138; or (b) acted in good faith and in a manner which
he reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the corporation, and, with respect to any criminal action or proceeding,
had no reasonable cause to believe his conduct was unlawful.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">NRS Section 78.7502(2) provides that a corporation
may indemnify any person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed action or suit
by or in the right of the corporation to procure a judgment in its favor by reason of the fact that he is or was a director, officer,
employee or agent of the corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent
of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise against expenses, including amounts paid in settlement and
attorneys&#8217; fees actually and reasonably incurred by him in connection with the defense or settlement of the action or suit if he:
(a) is not liable pursuant to NRS 78.138; or (b) acted in good faith and in a manner which he reasonably believed to be in or not opposed
to the best interests of the corporation. Indemnification may not be made for any claim, issue or matter as to which such a person has
been adjudged by a court of competent jurisdiction, after exhaustion of all appeals there from, to be liable to the corporation or for
amounts paid in settlement to the corporation, unless and only to the extent that the court in which the action or suit was brought or
other court of competent jurisdiction determines upon application that in view of all the circumstances of the case, the person is fairly
and reasonably entitled to indemnity for such expenses as the court deems proper.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">NRS Section 78.747 provides that except as otherwise
provided by specific statute, no director or officer of a corporation is individually liable for a debt or liability of the corporation,
unless the director or officer acts as the alter ego of the corporation. The court as a matter of law must determine the question of whether
a director or officer acts as the alter ego of a corporation.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising
under the Securities Act may be permitted to directors, officers or persons controlling us pursuant to the foregoing provisions, we have
been informed that, in the opinion of the SEC, such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is
therefore unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the registrant
of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit
or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, we will,
unless in the opinion of our counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction
the question whether such indemnification by us is against public policy as expressed hereby in the Securities Act and we will be governed
by the final adjudication of such issue.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Articles of Incorporation and Bylaws</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Our articles of incorporation, as amended, do
not include specific provisions relating to the indemnification of our directors or officers.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Our bylaws provide that the Company may indemnify
and advance litigation expenses to its directors, officers, employees and agents to the extent permitted by law, the Company&#8217;s Articles
or Bylaws, and shall indemnify and advance litigation expenses to its directors, officers, employees and agents to the extent required
by law, the Company&#8217;s Articles of Incorporation or Bylaws. The Company&#8217;s obligations of indemnification, if any, shall be
conditioned on the Company receiving prompt notice of the claim and the opportunity to settle and defend the claim. The Company may, to
the extent permitted by law, purchase and maintain insurance on behalf of an individual who is or was a director, officer, employee or
agent of the Company.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Item 15. <i>Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities</i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">During the last three years, the Company has
not issued unregistered securities to any person, except as described below. None of these transactions involved any underwriters, underwriting
discounts or commissions, except as specified below, or any public offering, and, unless otherwise indicated below, the Registrant believes
that each transaction was exempt from the registration requirements of the Securities Act by virtue of Section 4(a)(2) thereof and/or
Rule 506 of Regulation D promulgated thereunder, and/or Regulation S promulgated thereunder regarding offshore offers and sales. All
recipients had adequate access, though their relationships with the Registrant, to information about the Registrant. All following number
of shares are post-split.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">In January 2022, the Company agreed to pay
the deferred service fees related to the public offering closed on August 5, 2021 amounting to $4,296,763 by issuing 130,601 shares of
unrestricted common shares, valued at $32.9 per share on the grant date.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">In March 2022, the Company issued 7,500 shares
to BarLew Holdings, LLC, a consultant (&#8220;Barlew&#8221;). On January 1, 2022, the Company engaged Barlew for consulting and advisory
services for six months, with a monthly payment of USD15,000, as well as additional compensation of 7,500 shares of restricted common
stock.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">In March 2022, the Company issued 24,225 warrants
to a FINRA member firm.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">On May 11, 2022, the Company and certain investors
entered into certain securities purchase agreement relating to the offer and sale of 200,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.001
per share in a registered direct offering.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">On July 10, 2022, the Board approved the issuance
of 7,500 shares of common stock to Barlew Holdings, LLC pursuant to the consulting agreement by and between Barlew Holdings, LLC and
the Company dated July 1, 2022, and 25,000 shares of common stock to Inverlew Advisors, LLC, in accordance with the consulting agreement
by and between Inverlew Advisors, LLC and the Company dated July 1, 2022.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p><div>

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    </div><!-- Field: /Page --><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">On December 1, 2022, the Company issued 12,5000
and 10,000 common shares to Euro-Asia Investment &amp; Finance Corp Ltd. and Thalia Media Ltd. for consulting and advisory services.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">On January 3, 2023, the Company issued 22,341
common shares to a consultant for providing consulting services on listing to NASDAQ in 2021.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">On July 27, 2023, the Company entered into
that certain securities purchase agreement relating to the offer and sale of 300,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.001 per share
and 200,000 pre-funded warrants, at an exercise price of $0.001 per share, in a registered direct offering. Pursuant to the Purchase
Agreement, the Company agreed to sell the Shares and/or Pre-funded Warrants at a per share purchase price of $3.50, for gross proceeds
of $1,750,000, before deducting any estimated offering expenses. On August 1, 2023, the pre-funded warrants were exercised.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">On August 14, 2023, the Company entered into
a cooperation agreement with Zhonghui. Pursuant thereto, the Company acquired 20% of the ownership of a property and the parcel of the
land owned by Zhonghui in Leshan, Sichuan, China (collectively, the &#8220;Property&#8221;). During the third quarter of 2023, the Company
issued to Zhonghui, an aggregate of 370,000 shares of the Company&#8217;s common stock, at a per share price of $1.87. The Company also
issued 29,600 common stock to consultants for providing consulting services on the above transaction.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">On January 27, 2024, the company granted 1,302,726
restricted shares to its employees and directors under the 2016 Equity Incentive Plan, with an issuance date of February 2, 2024. These
shares are subject to a three-year restriction period.&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">On May 24, 2024, the Company issued 200,000
shares of common stock to a consultant for providing business and funding opportunities.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">In July 2024, the Company entered into an
agreement with its landlord in California, pursuant that the Company issued 169,992 shares of common stock for the rent payable through
July 2024, in total of $127,494. The Company also issued 43,458 shares on August 14, 2024 for the August 2024 rent, and 46,072 shares
were issued on September 3, 2024 for the September 2024 rent. Further, we issued 64,147 shares on October 29, 2024 for October rent,
45,293 shares on November 13, 2024 for November rent, and 30,422 shares on December 26, 2024 for half month of December rent. In 2025,
we issued 28,135 shares, 22,031 shares, and 30,488 shares for each of the half month rent from January 2025 to March 2025, respectively.
On April 9, 2025, the Company entered another agreement with the landlord to settle remaining balance of each half month of February
and March 2025 rent, and April 2025 rent, by issuing 120,398 of the Company&#8217;s common stock, in the value of $66,219.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">In December 2024, the Company issued 117,277
shares of its common stock to employees as compensation.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">In April 2025, the Company conducted a private
offering of its common stock to several individual non-US investors, issuing an aggregate of 724,372 unregistered shares of common stock
at $0.60 to $0.65 per share, raising a total of $436,125.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">In April 2025, the Company issued 9,909 unregistered
restricted shares to an individual consultant as a consideration of $9,800 for the services.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">In April 2025, the Company issued 50,000 and
90,277 shares of common stock to two advisors for their financial and business advisory services, as the consideration of $52,500 and
$94,791 ($1.05 and $1.05 per share), respectively.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">Between April 11, 2025 and April 30, 2025,
the Company sold an aggregate of an aggregate of 724,372 shares of its Common Stock to 15 Non-U.S. Persons. The Company received aggregate
gross proceeds of a little more than $436,000 for the Shares. Between May 9, 2025 and May 13, 2025, the Company accepted subscriptions
from an additional 7 Non-U.S. Persons on the same terms and conditions as the April Offering (the &#8220;Additional Subscriptions&#8221;).
Pursuant to the Additional Subscriptions, the Company shall issue an aggregate of 306,041 shares of the Company&#8217;s common stock,
resulting in gross proceeds of approximately $183,625.&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Item 16. <i>Exhibits and Financial Statement
Schedules </i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; vertical-align: top; width: 9%"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><b>Exhibit No.</b></span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; width: 90%; text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><b>Description</b></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <td style="vertical-align: top"><span style="font-size: 10pt">2.1 </span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000101489716000457/exhibit101.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Share
    Exchange Agreement, dated February 8, 2016 (1)</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr>
    <td style="vertical-align: top"><span style="font-size: 10pt">3.1</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000113789202000063/fex301ai.txt"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Articles
    of Incorporation of the Company (2)</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr style="background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <td style="vertical-align: top"><span style="font-size: 10pt">3.2</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390024025197/ea020231801ex3-2_abvcbio.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Bylaws
    of the Company, as amended (48)</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr>
    <td style="vertical-align: top"><span style="font-size: 10pt">3.3</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000161577416004635/s102891_4-1.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Certificate
    of Amendment to Articles of Incorporation filed on March 21, 2016 (4)</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr style="background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <td style="vertical-align: top"><span style="font-size: 10pt">3.4</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000161577416007154/s104086_ex3-4.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Certificate
    of Amendment to Articles of Incorporation filed on December 30, 2015 (5)</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr>
    <td style="vertical-align: top"><span style="font-size: 10pt">3.5</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390020008785/ea120454ex3-1_americanbri.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Certificate
    of Amendment to Articles of Incorporation filed on March 30, 2020 (6)</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr style="background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <td style="vertical-align: top"><span style="font-size: 10pt">3.6</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390021025389/f10q0321ex3-6_abvcbio.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Certificate
    of Amendment to Articles of Incorporation filed on February 17, 2021 (10)</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr>
    <td style="vertical-align: top"><span style="font-size: 10pt">4.1</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390020010040/ea121013ex4-1_american.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Form
    of Warrant (7)</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr style="background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <td style="vertical-align: top"><span style="font-size: 10pt">4.2</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390022032865/ea158525ex4-2_abvcbio.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Form
    of the Registrant&#8217;s Common Stock certificate (16)</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr>
    <td style="vertical-align: top"><span style="font-size: 10pt">5.1</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="vertical-align: top"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390024054857/ea020798701ex5-1_abvcbio.htm">Legal Opinion of Hunter Taubman Fischer &amp; Li LLC (50)</a></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <td style="vertical-align: top"><span style="font-size: 10pt">10.1</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000101489716000457/exhibit102.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Collaboration
    Agreement dated December 29, 2015 (8)</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr>
    <td style="vertical-align: top"><span style="font-size: 10pt">10.2</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000161577416005823/s103448_ex99-1.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Collaborative
    Agreement and Milestone Payment Agreement dated May 6, 2016 (9)</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr style="background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <td style="vertical-align: top"><span style="font-size: 10pt">10.3</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390017001707/f8k0217ex99i_americanbri.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Addendum
    to the Collaboration Agreement dated January 12, 2017 (11)</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr>
    <td style="vertical-align: top"><span style="font-size: 10pt">10.4</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390017007869/f8k072417ex10i_americanbri.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Collaboration
    Agreement with BioFirst dated July 24, 2017 (12)</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr style="background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <td style="vertical-align: top"><span style="font-size: 10pt">10.5</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390017005978/f8k052617ex99i_american.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Co-Development
    Agreement with Rgene dated May 26, 2017 (13)</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr>
    <td style="vertical-align: top"><span style="font-size: 10pt">10.6</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390023051347/ea180822ex10-1_abvcbiopharm.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Employment
    Agreement with Dr. Uttam Patil (42)</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr style="background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <td style="vertical-align: top"><span style="font-size: 10pt">10.7</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Reserved.</span></td></tr>
  <tr>
    <td style="vertical-align: top"><span style="font-size: 10pt">10.8</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Reserved.</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <td style="vertical-align: top"><span style="font-size: 10pt">10.9</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390019001553/f8k012119ex10-2_americanbri.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Promissory
    Note entered by American BriVision (Holding) Corporation (17)</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr>
    <td style="vertical-align: top"><span style="font-size: 10pt">10.10</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390019001553/f8k012119ex10-3_americanbri.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Form
    of Commercial Security Agreement (18)</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr style="background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <td style="vertical-align: top"><span style="font-size: 10pt">10.11</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390020009167/ea120625ex10-2_americanbri.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Form
    of Exchange Agreement entered into by and between the Company and non-US persons (19)</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr>
    <td style="vertical-align: top"><span style="font-size: 10pt">10.12</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390020009167/ea120625ex10-1_americanbri.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Form
    of Exchange Agreement entered into by and between the Company and US persons (20)</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr style="background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <td style="vertical-align: top"><span style="font-size: 10pt">10.13</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390020010040/ea121013ex10-1_american.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Form
    of Exchange Agreement entered into by and between the Company and non-US person (21)</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr>
    <td style="vertical-align: top"><span style="font-size: 10pt">10.14</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390020012685/f10k2019ex10-15_americanbriv.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Form
    of Securities Purchase Agreement entered into by and between the Company and U.S. investors (22)</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr style="background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <td style="vertical-align: top"><span style="font-size: 10pt">10.15</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390020012685/f10k2019ex10-16_americanbriv.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Form
    of Securities Purchase Agreement entered into by and between the Company and non-U.S. investors (24)</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr>
    <td style="vertical-align: top"><span style="font-size: 10pt">10.16</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390021015729/f10k2020ex10-17_americanbriv.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Amended
    and Restated American BriVision (Holding) Corporation 2016 Equity Incentive (28)</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr style="background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <td style="vertical-align: top"><span style="font-size: 10pt">10.17</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390021052090/ea148616ex10-1_abvcbiopharma.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Joint
    Venture Agreement between the Company, Lucidaim Co., Ltd. And BioLite Japan K.K.(26)</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr>
    <td style="vertical-align: top"><span style="font-size: 10pt">10.18</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390022027157/f10q0322ex10-22_abvcbio.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Amendment
    to the Collaboration Agreement dated December 29, 2015 (32)</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr style="background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <td style="vertical-align: top"><span style="font-size: 10pt">10.19</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390022025731/ea159780ex1-1_abvcbio.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Form
    of Securities Purchase Agreement entered into by and between the Company and certain investors dated May 11, 2022 (34)</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr>
    <td style="vertical-align: top"><span style="font-size: 10pt">10.20</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390022033890/ea161846ex10-1_abvcbio.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Clinical
    Development Service Agreement between the Company and Rgene dated June 10, 2022 (portions of the exhibit have been omitted because
    they (i) are not material and (ii) is the type of information that the registrant treats as private or confidential) (35)</span></a></td></tr>
  </table><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 9%"><span style="font-size: 10pt">10.21</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 90%; text-align: justify"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390022033890/ea161846ex10-2_abvcbio.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Promissory
    Note dated June 16, 2022 issued by Rgene Corporation to the Company (36)</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr>
    <td style="vertical-align: top"><span style="font-size: 10pt">10.22</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390023014358/ea174178ex10-1_abvcbio.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Securities
    Purchase Agreement (37)</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr style="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="vertical-align: top"><span style="font-size: 10pt">10.23</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390023014358/ea174178ex10-2_abvcbio.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Form
    of Note (37)</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr>
    <td style="vertical-align: top"><span style="font-size: 10pt">10.24</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390023014358/ea174178ex10-3_abvcbio.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Form
    of Warrant (37)</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr style="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="vertical-align: top"><span style="font-size: 10pt">10.25</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390023014358/ea174178ex10-4_abvcbio.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Security
    Agreement (37)</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr>
    <td style="vertical-align: top"><span style="font-size: 10pt">10.26</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390023014358/ea174178ex10-5_abvcbio.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Guarantor
    Security Agreement (37)</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr style="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="vertical-align: top"><span style="font-size: 10pt">10.27</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390023014358/ea174178ex10-6_abvcbio.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Guaranty
    (37)</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr>
    <td style="vertical-align: top"><span style="font-size: 10pt">10.28</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390023014358/ea174178ex10-7_abvcbio.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Trademark
    Security Agreement with Rgene Corporation (37)</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr style="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="vertical-align: top"><span style="font-size: 10pt">10.29</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390023014358/ea174178ex10-8_abvcbio.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Trademark
    Security Agreement with BioFirst Corporation (37)</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr>
    <td style="vertical-align: top"><span style="font-size: 10pt">10.30</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390023014358/ea174178ex10-9_abvcbio.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Patent
    Security Agreement (37)</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr style="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="vertical-align: top"><span style="font-size: 10pt">10.31</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390023014358/ea174178ex10-10_abvcbio.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Copyright
    Security Agreement (37)</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr>
    <td style="vertical-align: top"><span style="font-size: 10pt">10.32</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390023014358/ea174178ex10-11_abvcbio.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Stock
    Pledge Agreement (37)</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr style="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="vertical-align: top"><span style="font-size: 10pt">10.33</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390023014358/ea174178ex4-1_abvcbio.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Form
    of Placement Agent Warrant (37)</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr>
    <td style="vertical-align: top"><span style="font-size: 10pt">10.34</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390023088524/ea188623ex10-2_abvcbio.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Form
    of 2<sup>nd</sup> Lind Note (41)</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr style="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="vertical-align: top"><span style="font-size: 10pt">10.35</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390023088524/ea188623ex10-3_abvcbio.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Form
    of 2<sup>nd</sup> Lind Warrant (41)</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr>
    <td style="vertical-align: top"><span style="font-size: 10pt">10.36</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390023088524/ea188623ex10-1_abvcbio.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Securities
    Purchase Agreement dated November 17, 2023 (41)</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr style="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="vertical-align: top"><span style="font-size: 10pt">10.37</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390023088524/ea188623ex10-4_abvcbio.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">First
    Amendment To Security Agreement (41)</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr>
    <td style="vertical-align: top"><span style="font-size: 10pt">10.38</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390023088524/ea188623ex10-5_abvcbio.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">First
    Amendment To Guarantor Security Agreement (41)</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr style="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="vertical-align: top"><span style="font-size: 10pt">10.39</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390023088524/ea188623ex10-6_abvcbio.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">First
    Amendment to Guaranty (41)</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr>
    <td style="vertical-align: top"><span style="font-size: 10pt">10.40</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390024004172/ea191664ex10-1_abvcbio.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Securities
    Purchase Agreement dated January 17, 2024 (43)</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr style="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="vertical-align: top"><span style="font-size: 10pt">10.41</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390024012141/ea192587ex10-41_abvcbio.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Form
    of 3<sup>rd</sup> Placement Agent Warrant (45)</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr>
    <td style="vertical-align: top"><span style="font-size: 10pt">10.42</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390024004172/ea191664ex10-4_abvcbio.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Second
    Amendment To Security Agreement (43) </span></a></td></tr>
  <tr style="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="vertical-align: top"><span style="font-size: 10pt">10.43</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390024004172/ea191664ex10-5_abvcbio.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Second
    Amendment To Guarantor Security Agreement (43)</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr>
    <td style="vertical-align: top"><span style="font-size: 10pt">10.44</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390024004172/ea191664ex10-6_abvcbio.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Second
    Amendment to Guaranty (43)</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr style="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="vertical-align: top"><span style="font-size: 10pt">10.45</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390024004172/ea191664ex10-2_abvcbio.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Form
    of 3<sup>rd</sup> Lind Note (43) </span></a></td></tr>
  <tr>
    <td style="vertical-align: top"><span style="font-size: 10pt">10.46</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390024004172/ea191664ex10-3_abvcbio.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Form
    of 3<sup>rd</sup> Lind Warrant (43)</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr style="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="vertical-align: top"><span style="font-size: 10pt">10.47</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390023051347/ea180822ex10-1_abvcbiopharm.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Employment
    Agreement with Uttam Patil (44)</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr>
    <td style="vertical-align: top"><span style="font-size: 10pt">10.48</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390024018526/ea0200876ex10-2_abvcbio.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Amendment
    (46)</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr style="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="vertical-align: top"><span style="font-size: 10pt">10.49</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390024018524/ea0200878ex10-2_abvcbio.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Amendment
    (47)</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr>
    <td style="vertical-align: top"><span style="font-size: 10pt">10.50</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390024046313/ea020671501ex10-1_abvcbio.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Letter
    Agreement (49)</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr style="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="vertical-align: top"><span style="font-size: 10pt">10.51</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390024046313/ea020671501ex10-2_abvcbio.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Form
    of Warrant (49)</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr>
    <td style="vertical-align: top"><span style="font-size: 10pt">10.52</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390024025793/ea020257501ex10-1_abvcbio.htm">Definitive License Agreement between the Company and ForSeeCon Eye Corporation (61)</a></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="vertical-align: top"><span style="font-size: 10pt">10.53</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390024025793/ea020257501ex10-2_abvcbio.htm">Definitive License Agreement between Biofirst Corporation and ForSeeCon Eye Corporation (61)</a></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; ">
    <td><span style="font-size: 10pt">10.54</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration: none; font-size: 10pt"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390024018526/ea0200876ex10-2_abvcbio.htm">Amendment No. 1 to 3<sup>rd</sup> Lind Note (52)</a></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td><span style="font-size: 10pt">10.55</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration: none; font-size: 10pt"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390024041053/ea020556901ex10-1_abvcbio.htm">Definitive License Agreement between the Company and OncoX BioPharma, Inc. May 8, 2024 (54)</a></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; ">
    <td><span style="font-size: 10pt">10.56</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration: none; font-size: 10pt"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390024041053/ea020556901ex10-2_abvcbio.htm">Definitive License Agreement between Rgene and OncoX BioPharma, Inc. dated May 8, 2024 (54)</a></span></td></tr>
</table><div>

</div><p style="margin: 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="margin: 0"></p><div>

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</div><p style="margin: 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 9%"><span style="font-size: 10pt">10.57</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify; width: 90%"><span style="text-decoration: none; font-size: 10pt"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390024046313/ea020671501ex10-1_abvcbio.htm">Lind Letter Agreement dated May 22, 2024 (55)</a></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; ">
    <td><span style="font-size: 10pt">10.58</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration: none; font-size: 10pt"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390024046313/ea020671501ex10-2_abvcbio.htm">Lind Form of Warrant dated May 22, 2024 (55)</a></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td><span style="font-size: 10pt">10.59</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration: none; font-size: 10pt"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390024046419/ea020679001ex10-1_abvcbio.htm">Definitive License Agreement between the Company and OncoX BioPharma, Inc. May 23, 2024 (56)</a></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; ">
    <td><span style="font-size: 10pt">10.60</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration: none; font-size: 10pt"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390024046419/ea020679001ex10-2_abvcbio.htm">Definitive License Agreement between Biolite, Inc. and OncoX BioPharma, Inc. dated May 23, 2024 (56)</a></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td><span style="font-size: 10pt">10.61</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration: none; font-size: 10pt"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390024055288/ea020838301ex10-1_abvcbio.htm">Amendment to the Definitive License Agreement between the Company and ForSeeCon Eye Corporation (57)</a></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; ">
    <td><span style="font-size: 10pt">10.62</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration: none; font-size: 10pt"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390024055288/ea020838301ex10-2_abvcbio.htm">Amendment to the Definitive License Agreement between BioFirst Corporation and ForSeeCon Eye Corporation (57)</a></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td><span style="font-size: 10pt">10.63</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration: none; font-size: 10pt"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390024055809/ea020845301ex10-1_abvcbio.htm">Amendment to the License Agreement between the Company and AiBtl BioPharma Inc. (58)</a></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; ">
    <td><span style="font-size: 10pt">10.64</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration: none; font-size: 10pt"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390024055809/ea020845301ex10-2_abvcbio.htm">Amendment to the License Agreement between BioLite, Inc. and AiBtl BioPharma Inc. (58)</a></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td><span style="font-size: 10pt">10.65</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390025001211/ea022648701ex10-1_abvcbio.htm"><span style="text-decoration: none; font-size: 10pt">Letter Agreement dated January 5, 2025 (59)</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; ">
    <td><span style="font-size: 10pt">10.66</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390025032118/ea023254001ex10-56_abvcbio.htm"><span style="text-decoration: none; font-size: 10pt">Land Transfer Plan dated March 31, 2025 (52)</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td><span style="font-size: 10pt">10.67</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration: none; font-size: 10pt"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390025032118/ea023254001ex10-57_abvcbio.htm">Nominee Holding Agreement dated April 1, 2024 (52)</a></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; ">
    <td><span style="font-size: 10pt">10.68</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration: none; font-size: 10pt"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390025032118/ea023254001ex10-58_abvcbio.htm">Land Lease Agreement dated April 1, 2024 (52)</a></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td><span style="font-size: 10pt">10.69</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390025032118/ea023254001ex10-59_abvcbio.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Addendum to Definitive Licensing Agreement between ABVC and AiBtl
    dated March 11, 2025 <span style="text-decoration: none">(52)</span></span></a></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; ">
    <td><span style="font-size: 10pt">10.70</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390025032118/ea023254001ex10-60_abvcbio.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Addendum to Definitive Licensing Agreement between BioLite and AiBtl
    dated March 11, 2025 <span style="text-decoration: none">(52)</span></span></a></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td><span style="font-size: 10pt">10.71</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390025032118/ea023254001ex10-61_abvcbio.htm"><span style="text-decoration: none; font-size: 10pt">Yunzhiyi Land Holding Agreement dated October
    28, 2024 (52)</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; ">
    <td><span style="font-size: 10pt">10.72</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration: none; font-size: 10pt"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390025037654/ea023974001ex10-1_abvcbio.htm">Form of Purchase Agreement (60)</a></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td><span style="font-size: 10pt">10.73</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration: none; font-size: 10pt"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390025037654/ea023974001ex4-2_abvcbio.htm">Form of Voting Rights Proxy Agreement (60)</a></span></td></tr>
  <tr>
    <td style="vertical-align: top"><span style="font-size: 10pt">14.1</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000161577416008325/s104643_ex14-1.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Code
    of Ethics (23)</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr style="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="vertical-align: top"><span style="font-size: 10pt">15.1</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390024012141/ea192587ex15-1_abvcbio.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Letter
    in Lieu of Consent for Review Report (45)</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr>
    <td style="vertical-align: top"><span style="font-size: 10pt">21.1</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390024022235/ea0201142ex21-1_abvcbiophar.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">List
    of subsidiaries (38)</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr style="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="vertical-align: top"><span style="font-size: 10pt">23.1</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390024054857/ea020798701ex5-1_abvcbio.htm">Consent of Hunter Taubman Fischer &amp; Li LLC (Included in Exhibit 5.1)</a></span></td></tr>
  <tr>
    <td style="vertical-align: top"><span style="font-size: 10pt">23.2</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><a href="ea024337901ex23-2_abvcbio.htm">Consent of Simon &amp; Edward, LLP (Filed herewith)</a></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td><span style="font-size: 10pt">99.1</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390020038891/ea130363ex99-1_american.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Charter
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    <td><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390020038891/ea130363ex99-2_american.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Charter
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    <td><span style="font-size: 10pt"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173313/000121390024054857/ea020798701ex-fee_abvcbio.htm">Filing Fees Exhibit (50)</a></span></td></tr>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.35in"><span style="font-size: 10pt">(1)</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company&#8217;s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on February 16, 2016.</span></td></tr>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.35in"><span style="font-size: 10pt">(2)</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.01 to the Company&#8217;s Form SB-2 filed on June 28, 2002</span></td></tr>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p><div>

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    </div><div style="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">II-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->6<!-- Field: /Sequence --></p></div><div>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.35in"><span style="font-size: 10pt">(4)</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Company&#8217;s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on March 28, 2016.</span></td></tr>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.35in"><span style="font-size: 10pt">(5)</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.4 to the Company&#8217;s Form S-1, filed on September 13, 2016.</span></td></tr>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.35in"><span style="font-size: 10pt">(6)</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company&#8217;s Form 8-K, filed on April 7, 2020</span></td></tr>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.35in"><span style="font-size: 10pt">(7)</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 the Company&#8217;s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on April 24, 2020</span></td></tr>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.35in"><span style="font-size: 10pt">(8)</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 the Company&#8217;s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on February 16, 2016.</span></td></tr>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.35in"><span style="font-size: 10pt">(9)</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the Company&#8217;s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on June 9, 2016.</span></td></tr>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.35in"><span style="font-size: 10pt">(10)</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.6 to the Company&#8217;s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on May 10, 2021. </span></td></tr>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.35in"><span style="font-size: 10pt">(11)</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the Company&#8217;s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on February 22, 2017.</span></td></tr>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.35in"><span style="font-size: 10pt">(12)</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company&#8217;s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on July 24, 2017.</span></td></tr>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.35in"><span style="font-size: 10pt">(13)</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the Company&#8217;s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on May 30, 2017.</span></td></tr>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.35in"><span style="font-size: 10pt">(14)</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company&#8217;s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on September 20, 2017.</span></td></tr>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.35in"><span style="font-size: 10pt">(15)</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company&#8217;s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on September 20, 2017.</span></td></tr>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.35in"><span style="font-size: 10pt">(16)</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference to the Company&#8217;s Form S-1, filed on June 14, 2022.</span></td></tr>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.35in"><span style="font-size: 10pt">(17)</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company&#8217;s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on February 1, 2019.</span></td></tr>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.35in"><span style="font-size: 10pt">(18)</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company&#8217;s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on February 1, 2019.</span></td></tr>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.35in"><span style="font-size: 10pt">(19)</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company&#8217;s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on April 14, 2020.</span></td></tr>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.35in"><span style="font-size: 10pt">(20)</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company&#8217;s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed April 14, 2020.</span></td></tr>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.35in"><span style="font-size: 10pt">(21)</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company&#8217;s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed April 24, 2020.</span></td></tr>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.35in"><span style="font-size: 10pt">(22)</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.15 to the Company&#8217;s Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed May 15, 2020.</span></td></tr>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.35in"><span style="font-size: 10pt">(23)</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 14.1 to the Company&#8217;s Amendment No.1 to Form S-1, filed on November 14, 2016.</span></td></tr>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.35in"><span style="font-size: 10pt">(24)</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.16 to the Company&#8217;s Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed May 15, 2020.</span></td></tr>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.35in"><span style="font-size: 10pt">(25)</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to the Company&#8217;s Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed March 31, 2023.</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td><span style="font-size: 10pt">(26)</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company&#8217;s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on October 8, 2021. </span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td><span style="font-size: 10pt">(27)</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td><span style="font-size: 10pt">(28)</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.17 to the Company&#8217;s Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed March 16, 2021.</span></td></tr>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.35in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">(29) </span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the Company&#8217;s Form S-1, filed on November 24, 2020. </span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">(30) </span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.2 to the Company&#8217;s Form S-1, filed on November 24, 2020. </span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">(31) </span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.3 to the Company&#8217;s Form S-1, filed on November 24, 2020. </span></td></tr>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.35in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">(32) </span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.22 to the Company&#8217;s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, filed on May 16, 2022. </span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">(33)</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference to the Company&#8217;s Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed March 31, 2023.</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">(34)</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1.1 to the Company&#8217;s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed May 12, 2022. </span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">(35)</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company&#8217;s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on June 21, 2022.</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">(36)</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company&#8217;s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on June 21, 2022.</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
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</div><p style="margin: 0">&#160;</p><div>

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  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
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    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference to the Company&#8217;s Current Report
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  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">(54)</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference to the Company&#8217;s Current Report
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  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">(55)</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference to the Company&#8217;s Current Report
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  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">(56)</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference to the Company&#8217;s Current Report
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  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">(57)</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference to the Company&#8217;s Current Report
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  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">(58)</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference to the Company&#8217;s Current Report
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  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">(59)</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference to the Company&#8217;s Current Report
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  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">(60)</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference to the Company&#8217;s Current Report
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  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">(61)</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference to the Company&#8217;s Current Report
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  </table><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Item 17. <i>Undertakings</i></b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">The undersigned Registrant
hereby undertakes:</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">(1) To file, during any period
in which offers or sales are being made, a post-effective amendment to this registration statement:</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(i) To include any prospectus
required by section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act of 1933;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(ii) To reflect in the prospectus
any facts or events arising after the effective date of the registration statement (or the most recent post-effective amendment thereof)
which, individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change in the information set forth in the registration statement. Notwithstanding
the foregoing, any increase or decrease in volume of securities offered (if the total dollar value of securities offered would not exceed
that which was registered) and any deviation from the low or high end of the estimated maximum offering range may be reflected in the
form of prospectus filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) if, in the aggregate, the changes in volume and price represent no
more than a 20% change in the maximum aggregate offering price set forth in the &#8220;Calculation of Registration Fee&#8221; table in
the effective registration statement.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(iii) To include any material
information with respect to the plan of distribution not previously disclosed in the registration statement or any material change to
such information in the registration statement;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">(2) That, for the purpose
of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each such post-effective amendment shall be deemed to be a new registration
statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial
bona fide offering thereof.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">(3) To remove from registration
by means of a post-effective amendment any of the securities being registered which remain unsold at the termination of the offering.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">(4) That, for the purpose
of determining liability under the Securities Act of 1933 to any purchaser:</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(i) If the Registrant is relying
on Rule 430B (&#167;230.430B of this chapter):</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.75in">(A) Each prospectus filed
by the registrant pursuant to Rule 424(b)(3) shall be deemed to be part of the registration statement as of the date the filed prospectus
was deemed part of and included in the registration statement; and</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 63pt">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.75in">(B) Each prospectus required
to be filed pursuant to Rule 424(b)(2), (b)(5), or (b)(7) as part of a registration statement in reliance on Rule 430B relating to an
offering made pursuant to Rule 415(a)(1)(i), (vii), or (x) for the purpose of providing the information required by section 10(a) of the
Securities Act of 1933 shall be deemed to be part of and included in the registration statement as of the earlier of the date such form
of prospectus is first used after effectiveness or the date of the first contract of sale of securities in the offering described in the
prospectus. As provided in Rule 430B, for liability purposes of the issuer and any person that is at that date an Underwriter, such date
shall be deemed to be a new effective date of the registration statement relating to the securities in the registration statement to which
that prospectus relates, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.
Provided, however, that no statement made in a registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement or made
in a document incorporated or deemed incorporated by reference into the registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration
statement will, as to a purchaser with a time of contract of sale prior to such effective date, supersede or modify any statement that
was made in the registration statement or prospectus that was part of the registration statement or made in any such document immediately
prior to such effective date; or</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 63pt">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(ii) If the Registrant is
subject to Rule 430C, each prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) as part of a registration statement relating to an offering, other
than registration statements relying on Rule 430B or other than prospectuses filed in reliance on Rule 430A, shall be deemed to be part
of and included in the registration statement as of the date it is first used after effectiveness. Provided, however, that no statement
made in a registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement or made in a document incorporated or deemed
incorporated by reference into the registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement will, as to a purchaser
with a time of contract of sale prior to such first use, supersede or modify any statement that was made in the registration statement
or prospectus that was part of the registration statement or made in any such document immediately prior to such date of first use.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 63pt">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">(5) That, for the purpose
of determining liability of the Registrant under the Securities Act of 1933 to any purchaser in the initial distribution of the securities,
the undersigned Registrant undertakes that in a primary offering of securities of the undersigned registrant pursuant to this registration
statement, regardless of the underwriting method used to sell the securities to the purchaser, if the securities are offered or sold to
such purchaser by means of any of the following communications, the undersigned registrant will be a seller to the purchaser and will
be considered to offer or sell such securities to such purchaser:</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 63pt">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(i) Any preliminary prospectus
or prospectus of the undersigned Registrant relating to the offering required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 63pt">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(ii) Any free writing prospectus
relating to the offering prepared by or on behalf of the undersigned Registrant or used or referred to by the undersigned Registrant;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 63pt">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(iii) The portion of any other
free writing prospectus relating to the offering containing material information about the undersigned Registrant or its securities provided
by or on behalf of the undersigned registrant; and</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 63pt">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(iv) Any other communication
that is an offer in the offering made by the undersigned registrant to the purchaser.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 63pt">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">The undersigned Registrant
hereby undertakes to provide to the Underwriters at the closing specified in the underwriting agreement certificates in such denominations
and registered in such names as required by the Underwriters to permit prompt delivery to each purchaser.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 63pt">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">Insofar as indemnification
for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933 may be permitted to directors, officers, and controlling persons of the Registrant
pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the Registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange
Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a
claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the Registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director,
officer, or controlling person of the Registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit, or proceeding) is asserted by such director,
officer, or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the Registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel
the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification
by it is against public policy as expressed in the Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p><div>

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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>SIGNATURES</b></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities
Act of 1933, the registrant has duly caused this registration statement on Form S-1 to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto
duly authorized in the City of Taipei and City of Hong Kong, on May 23, 2025.</span></p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr>
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    <td style="width: 5%; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 35%; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities
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</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p><div>

</div><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
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    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
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    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
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    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">May 23, 2025</span></td></tr>
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    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
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    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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<ix:footnote id="ix_5_footnote" xml:lang="en-US">BioFirst Corporation (the &#8220;BioFirst&#8221;):
The Company holds an equity interest in BioFirst Corporation, accounting for its equity interest using the equity method to accounts for its equity investment as prescribed in ASC 323, Investments&#8212;Equity Method and Joint Ventures (&#8220;ASC 323&#8221;). Equity method adjustments include the Company&#8217;s proportionate share of investee&#8217;s income or loss and other adjustments required by the equity method. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company owns 18.68% and 18.68% common stock shares of BioFirst, respectively. The Company made a prepayment for equity investment in BioFirst to purchase additional shares to be issued by BioFirst in the aggregate amount of $2,688,578, recorded as prepayment for long-term investments as of December 31, 2022. On July 19, 2023, the Company successfully completed the registration process for this investment. The initial prepayment was $1,895,556, which is a portion of the prepayment as of December 31, 2022, and was converted into 994,450 shares of BioFirst stock. As of December 31, 2024, the amount of prepayment for long-term investments in Biofirst is $1,124,842.</ix:footnote><!--Text not found in footnote sections assigned to Schedule of Long-Term Investment-->
<ix:footnote id="ix_6_footnote" xml:lang="en-US">Rgene Corporation (the &#8220;Rgene&#8221;)
Both Rgene and the Company are under common control by Dr. Tsung-Shann Jiang, the CEO and chairman of the BioLite Inc. Since Dr. Tsung-Shann Jiang is able to exercise significant influence, but not control, over the Rgene, the Company determined to use the equity method to accounts for its equity investment as prescribed in ASC 323, Investments&#8212;Equity Method and Joint Ventures (&#8220;ASC 323&#8221;). Equity method adjustments include the Company&#8217;s proportionate share of investee&#8217;s income or loss and other adjustments required by the equity method. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company owns 26.65% and 26.65% common stock shares of Rgene, respectively.</ix:footnote><!--Text not found in footnote sections assigned to Schedule of Long-Term Investment-->
<ix:footnote id="ix_7_footnote" xml:lang="en-US">BioLite Japan K.K. (BioLite JP)
In October 2021, the Company, Lucidaim Co., Ltd., a Japanese corporation (&#8220;Lucidaim,&#8221; together with the Company, the &#8220;Shareholders&#8221;), and BioLite Japan K.K., a Japanese corporation (&#8220;BioLite JP&#8221;) entered into a Joint Venture Agreement. BioLite JP is a private limited company incorporated on December 18, 2018. The business of the joint venture is the research and development of drugs, medical device and digital media, investment, fund running and consulting, distribution and marketing of supplements carried on by BioLite JP and its subsidiaries in Japan, or any other territory or businesses. At the date of the Agreement, BioLite JP has 10,000 ordinary shares authorized, with 3,049 ordinary shares issued and outstanding (the &#8220;Ordinary Shares&#8221;). Pursuant to the Agreement and the related share transfer agreement, Lucidaim shall own 1,555 Ordinary Shares (51%) and the Company shall own 1,494 Ordinary Shares (49%). The Company paid $150,000 towards the setup of the joint venture; BioLite Japan&#8217;s other shareholder also paid $150,000 after the Letter of Intent was signed. This prepayment is booked in prepayment for investment. As of December 31, 2024, the Company evaluated the investee&#8217;s business and financial conditions and determined to fully impair such prepayment.</ix:footnote><!--Text not found in footnote sections assigned to Schedule of Long-Term Investment-->
<ix:footnote id="ix_8_footnote" xml:lang="en-US">ForSeeCon Eye Corporation (FEYE)
FEYE is a private company registered in the British Virgin Islands, focusing on the field of diagnosis and treatment of eye disorders, with its main product of Vitargus. The Company granted FEYE certain licensed products in exchange of FEYE ownership. See Note 4 for detail of such transactions.</ix:footnote><!--Text not found in footnote sections assigned to Schedule of Long-Term Investment-->
<ix:footnote id="ix_9_footnote" xml:lang="en-US">OncoX BioPharma, Inc. (OncoX)
OncoX is a private company registered in the British Virgin Islands, focusing on oncology trials and drug development across Asia-Pacific. The Company granted OncoX certain licensed products in exchange of OncoX&#8217;s ownership. See Note 4 for detail of such transactions.</ix:footnote><!--Text not found in footnote sections assigned to Schedule of Long-Term Investment-->
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<ix:footnote id="ix_21_footnote" xml:lang="en-US">BioFirst Corporation (the &#8220;BioFirst&#8221;):
The Company holds an equity interest in BioFirst Corporation, accounting for its equity interest using the equity method to accounts for its equity investment as prescribed in ASC 323, Investments&#8212;Equity Method and Joint Ventures (&#8220;ASC 323&#8221;). Equity method adjustments include the Company&#8217;s proportionate share of investee&#8217;s income or loss and other adjustments required by the equity method. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company owns 18.68% and 18.68% common stock shares of BioFirst, respectively. The Company made a prepayment for equity investment in BioFirst to purchase additional shares to be issued by BioFirst in the aggregate amount of $2,688,578, recorded as prepayment for long-term investments as of December 31, 2022. On July 19, 2023, the Company successfully completed the registration process for this investment. The initial prepayment was $1,895,556, which is a portion of the prepayment as of December 31, 2022, and was converted into 994,450 shares of BioFirst stock. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the amount of prepayment for long-term investments in Biofirst is both $1,124,842.</ix:footnote><!--Text not found in footnote sections assigned to Schedule of Long-Term Investment-->
<ix:footnote id="ix_22_footnote" xml:lang="en-US">Rgene Corporation (the &#8220;Rgene&#8221;)
As described in Note 4, the Company acquired 26.65% of Rgene&#8217;s outstanding common shares since 2018 through multiple collaborative agreements, and has been accounting this equity investment with equity method as prescribed in ASC 323, Investments&#8212;Equity Method and Joint Ventures (&#8220;ASC 323&#8221;). Equity method adjustments include the Company&#8217;s proportionate share of investee&#8217;s income or loss and other adjustments required by the equity method. Further, as disclosed in Note 10 Related Party Transactions, the Company entered a convertible loan agreement with Rgene in 2022 and has been working with Rgene to obtain approval for the Company to exercise the conversion from Department of Investment Review in Taiwan, a government agency reviews foreign investors conducting investment in Taiwan. In May 2024, the conversion request for the conversion was approved but the Company was not informed by Rgene until April 2025. The Company determined that the impact to the financial statements is immaterial and assumed the conversion was incurred on January 1, 2025. After the conversion, the Company owns 37% of outstanding shares of Rgene.</ix:footnote><!--Text not found in footnote sections assigned to Schedule of Long-Term Investment-->
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<TYPE>EX-23.2
<SEQUENCE>2
<FILENAME>ea024337901ex23-2_abvcbio.htm
<DESCRIPTION>CONSENT OF SIMON & EDWARD, LLP
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<P STYLE="text-align: right; margin: 0"><B>Exhibit 23.2</B></P>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><IMG SRC="ex23-2_001.jpg" ALT="">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED
PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 3.35pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5pt">ABVC BioPharma, Inc.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5pt">We hereby consent to the
inclusion in this POST-EFFECTIVE AMENDMENT NO. 1 to Form S-1 (333-280411) of ABVC BioPharma, Inc. (the &ldquo;Company&rdquo;), to be filed
on or about May 23, 2025, of our report dated April 15, 2025, with respect to our audit of the Company&rsquo;s consolidated financial
statements as of December 31, 2024, and 2023 and for the years then ended.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0in"><IMG SRC="ex23-2_002.jpg" ALT=""></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5pt">Los Angeles, California</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5pt">May 23, 2025</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

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  <xs:element name="ScheduleOfAmountDueToRelatedPartiesTableTextBlock" type="dtr:textBlockItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="abvc_ScheduleOfAmountDueToRelatedPartiesTableTextBlock"/>
  <xs:element name="ProceedsFromSubsidiarysCommonStockSubscription" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" xbrli:balance="debit" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="abvc_ProceedsFromSubsidiarysCommonStockSubscription"/>
  <xs:element name="EffectOfExchangeRateChangeOnCashAndCashEquivalentsAndRestrictedCash" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" xbrli:balance="debit" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="abvc_EffectOfExchangeRateChangeOnCashAndCashEquivalentsAndRestrictedCash"/>
  <xs:element name="PurchaseOfPropertyAndEquipmentByIssuingCommonStockToAThirdParty" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" xbrli:balance="credit" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="abvc_PurchaseOfPropertyAndEquipmentByIssuingCommonStockToAThirdParty"/>
  <xs:element name="SummaryofSignificantAccountingPoliciesScheduleofEstimatedUsefulLifeDetailsTable" type="xbrli:stringItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrldt:hypercubeItem" id="abvc_SummaryofSignificantAccountingPoliciesScheduleofEstimatedUsefulLifeDetailsTable"/>
  <xs:element name="SummaryofSignificantAccountingPoliciesScheduleofEstimatedUsefulLifeDetailsLineItems" type="xbrli:stringItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="abvc_SummaryofSignificantAccountingPoliciesScheduleofEstimatedUsefulLifeDetailsLineItems"/>
  <xs:element name="LongTermInvestmentsScheduleofExtenttheInvesteeReliesDetailsTable" type="xbrli:stringItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrldt:hypercubeItem" id="abvc_LongTermInvestmentsScheduleofExtenttheInvesteeReliesDetailsTable"/>
  <xs:element name="LongTermInvestmentsScheduleofLongTermInvestmentDetailsTable" type="xbrli:stringItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrldt:hypercubeItem" id="abvc_LongTermInvestmentsScheduleofLongTermInvestmentDetailsTable"/>
  <xs:element name="ConvertibleNotesPayableScheduleofCarryingAmountsoftheLiabilityComponentDetailsTable" type="xbrli:stringItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrldt:hypercubeItem" id="abvc_ConvertibleNotesPayableScheduleofCarryingAmountsoftheLiabilityComponentDetailsTable"/>
  <xs:element name="DebtInstrumentIssuanceEntity" type="xbrli:stringItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="abvc_DebtInstrumentIssuanceEntity"/>
  <xs:element name="DebtInstrumentCommonStockToBeConverted" type="xbrli:stringItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="abvc_DebtInstrumentCommonStockToBeConverted"/>
  <xs:element name="DebtInstrumentPrincipalAmountAtBalanceSheetDate" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" xbrli:balance="debit" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="abvc_DebtInstrumentPrincipalAmountAtBalanceSheetDate"/>
  <xs:element name="DebtInstrumentCarryingValue" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" xbrli:balance="debit" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="abvc_DebtInstrumentCarryingValue"/>
  <xs:element name="AccruedResearchAndDevelopmentExpense" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="instant" xbrli:balance="credit" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="abvc_AccruedResearchAndDevelopmentExpense"/>
  <xs:element name="AccruedDirectorAndOfficerCompensation" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="instant" xbrli:balance="credit" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="abvc_AccruedDirectorAndOfficerCompensation"/>
  <xs:element name="RelatedPartiesTransactionsScheduleofLicensingAgreementandRelatedAmendmentwithFEYEDetailsTable" type="xbrli:stringItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrldt:hypercubeItem" id="abvc_RelatedPartiesTransactionsScheduleofLicensingAgreementandRelatedAmendmentwithFEYEDetailsTable"/>
  <xs:element name="RelatedPartiesTransactionsScheduleofLicensingAgreementandRelatedAmendmentwithFEYEDetailsLineItems" type="xbrli:stringItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="abvc_RelatedPartiesTransactionsScheduleofLicensingAgreementandRelatedAmendmentwithFEYEDetailsLineItems"/>
  <xs:element name="RelatedPartiesTransactionsScheduleofAccountsReceivableDuefromRelatedPartiesDetailsTable" type="xbrli:stringItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrldt:hypercubeItem" id="abvc_RelatedPartiesTransactionsScheduleofAccountsReceivableDuefromRelatedPartiesDetailsTable"/>
  <xs:element name="RelatedPartiesTransactionsScheduleofAccountsReceivableDuefromRelatedPartiesDetailsLineItems" type="xbrli:stringItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="abvc_RelatedPartiesTransactionsScheduleofAccountsReceivableDuefromRelatedPartiesDetailsLineItems"/>
  <xs:element name="RelatedPartiesTransactionsScheduleofDuefromRelatedPartyCurrentandNoncurrentNetDetailsTable" type="xbrli:stringItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrldt:hypercubeItem" id="abvc_RelatedPartiesTransactionsScheduleofDuefromRelatedPartyCurrentandNoncurrentNetDetailsTable"/>
  <xs:element name="RelatedPartiesTransactionsScheduleofDuefromRelatedPartyCurrentandNoncurrentNetDetailsLineItems" type="xbrli:stringItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="abvc_RelatedPartiesTransactionsScheduleofDuefromRelatedPartyCurrentandNoncurrentNetDetailsLineItems"/>
  <xs:element name="RelatedPartiesTransactionsScheduleofAmountDuetoRelatedPartiesDetailsTable" type="xbrli:stringItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrldt:hypercubeItem" id="abvc_RelatedPartiesTransactionsScheduleofAmountDuetoRelatedPartiesDetailsTable"/>
  <xs:element name="RelatedPartiesTransactionsScheduleofAmountDuetoRelatedPartiesDetailsLineItems" type="xbrli:stringItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="abvc_RelatedPartiesTransactionsScheduleofAmountDuetoRelatedPartiesDetailsLineItems"/>
  <xs:element name="OperatingLeaseLiabilities" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="instant" xbrli:balance="debit" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="abvc_OperatingLeaseLiabilities"/>
  <xs:element name="DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLeaseAssets" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="instant" xbrli:balance="debit" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="abvc_DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLeaseAssets"/>
  <xs:element name="ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice" type="dtr:perShareItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="instant" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="abvc_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice"/>
  <xs:element name="ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsIssued" type="xbrli:sharesItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="abvc_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsIssued"/>
  <xs:element name="ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsIssuedWeightedAverageExercisePrice" type="dtr:perShareItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="abvc_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsIssuedWeightedAverageExercisePrice"/>
  <xs:element name="ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsIssuedWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm" type="xbrli:durationItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="abvc_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsIssuedWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm"/>
  <xs:element name="ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsIssuedIntrinsicValue" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" xbrli:balance="debit" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="abvc_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsIssuedIntrinsicValue"/>
  <xs:element name="ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsExercisedWeightedAverageExercisePrice" type="dtr:perShareItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="abvc_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsExercisedWeightedAverageExercisePrice"/>
  <xs:element name="ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsExercisedWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm" type="xbrli:durationItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="abvc_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsExercisedWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm"/>
  <xs:element name="ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsExercisedIntrinsicValue" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" xbrli:balance="debit" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="abvc_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsExercisedIntrinsicValue"/>
  <xs:element name="SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm" type="xbrli:durationItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="abvc_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm"/>
  <xs:element name="ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantedIntrinsicValue" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" xbrli:balance="debit" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="abvc_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantedIntrinsicValue"/>
  <xs:element name="SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeitedWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm" type="xbrli:durationItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="abvc_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeitedWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm"/>
  <xs:element name="ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeitedIntrinsicValue" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" xbrli:balance="debit" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="abvc_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeitedIntrinsicValue"/>
  <xs:element name="LeaseScheduleofCompanysLeaseExpensesDetailsTable" type="xbrli:stringItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrldt:hypercubeItem" id="abvc_LeaseScheduleofCompanysLeaseExpensesDetailsTable"/>
  <xs:element name="LeaseScheduleofCompanysLeaseExpensesDetailsLineItems" type="xbrli:stringItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="abvc_LeaseScheduleofCompanysLeaseExpensesDetailsLineItems"/>
  <xs:element name="BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedAccruedExpenseAndOtherCurrentLiabilities" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="instant" xbrli:balance="credit" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="abvc_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedAccruedExpenseAndOtherCurrentLiabilities"/>
  <xs:element name="CashPortionOfTheLindNoteRepayments" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="instant" xbrli:balance="credit" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="abvc_CashPortionOfTheLindNoteRepayments"/>
  <xs:element name="OrganizationandDescriptionofBusinessDetailsTable" type="xbrli:stringItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrldt:hypercubeItem" id="abvc_OrganizationandDescriptionofBusinessDetailsTable"/>
  <xs:element name="BenefitsReceivableForMilestoneAttained" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="instant" xbrli:balance="debit" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="abvc_BenefitsReceivableForMilestoneAttained"/>
  <xs:element name="PercentageOfRoyaltiesEqualing" type="dtr:percentItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="abvc_PercentageOfRoyaltiesEqualing"/>
  <xs:element name="AcquisitionForNetSales" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" xbrli:balance="debit" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="abvc_AcquisitionForNetSales"/>
  <xs:element name="LiquidityGoingConcernandRestatementDetailsTable" type="xbrli:stringItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrldt:hypercubeItem" id="abvc_LiquidityGoingConcernandRestatementDetailsTable"/>
  <xs:element name="LiquidityGoingConcernandRestatementDetailsLineItems" type="xbrli:stringItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="abvc_LiquidityGoingConcernandRestatementDetailsLineItems"/>
  <xs:element name="WorkingCapitalDeficit" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" xbrli:balance="credit" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="abvc_WorkingCapitalDeficit"/>
  <xs:element name="StockBasedExpensesAmortizationPeriod" type="xbrli:durationItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="abvc_StockBasedExpensesAmortizationPeriod"/>
  <xs:element name="SummaryofSignificantAccountingPoliciesDetailsTable" type="xbrli:stringItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrldt:hypercubeItem" id="abvc_SummaryofSignificantAccountingPoliciesDetailsTable"/>
  <xs:element name="LaborPensionFundPerMonth" type="dtr:percentItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="abvc_LaborPensionFundPerMonth"/>
  <xs:element name="DefinedBenefitPlanFundedPercentages" type="dtr:percentItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="abvc_DefinedBenefitPlanFundedPercentages"/>
  <xs:element name="CollaborativeAgreementsDetailsTable" type="xbrli:stringItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrldt:hypercubeItem" id="abvc_CollaborativeAgreementsDetailsTable"/>
  <xs:element name="NonrefundableUpfrontCashPayment" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" xbrli:balance="debit" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="abvc_NonrefundableUpfrontCashPayment"/>
  <xs:element name="PercentageOfPaymentsUnderCodevelopmentAgreement" type="dtr:percentItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="abvc_PercentageOfPaymentsUnderCodevelopmentAgreement"/>
  <xs:element name="IssuanceOfStockValue" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" xbrli:balance="credit" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="abvc_IssuanceOfStockValue"/>
  <xs:element name="MilestonePaymentsRoyaltyPercentage" type="dtr:percentItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="abvc_MilestonePaymentsRoyaltyPercentage"/>
  <xs:element name="NetSalesProfitPercentage" type="dtr:percentItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="abvc_NetSalesProfitPercentage"/>
  <xs:element name="AdditionCashPayment" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" xbrli:balance="credit" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="abvc_AdditionCashPayment"/>
  <xs:element name="EquityMethodLongTermInvestment" type="xbrli:sharesItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="instant" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="abvc_EquityMethodLongTermInvestment"/>
  <xs:element name="ServiceAgreementEligibilityAmount" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="instant" xbrli:balance="debit" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="abvc_ServiceAgreementEligibilityAmount"/>
  <xs:element name="MilestoneRegulatoryPaymentAmountPeriod" type="xbrli:durationItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="abvc_MilestoneRegulatoryPaymentAmountPeriod"/>
  <xs:element name="WorkingCapitalConvertibleLoanPercentage" type="dtr:percentItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="abvc_WorkingCapitalConvertibleLoanPercentage"/>
  <xs:element name="EquityMethodInvestmentsOwnershipPercentage" type="dtr:percentItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="instant" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="abvc_EquityMethodInvestmentsOwnershipPercentage"/>
  <xs:element name="MilestoneRegulatoryPaymentAmount" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" xbrli:balance="debit" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="abvc_MilestoneRegulatoryPaymentAmount"/>
  <xs:element name="RoyaltiesPercentage" type="dtr:percentItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="instant" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="abvc_RoyaltiesPercentage"/>
  <xs:element name="ReceivedShares" type="xbrli:sharesItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="instant" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="abvc_ReceivedShares"/>
  <xs:element name="LicensingAgreement" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" xbrli:balance="debit" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="abvc_LicensingAgreement"/>
  <xs:element name="ConsiderationPaidForAgreement" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" xbrli:balance="credit" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="abvc_ConsiderationPaidForAgreement"/>
  <xs:element name="AdditionalMilestonePaymentInCash" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" xbrli:balance="credit" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="abvc_AdditionalMilestonePaymentInCash"/>
  <xs:element name="NumberOfSharesReceived" type="xbrli:sharesItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="abvc_NumberOfSharesReceived"/>
  <xs:element name="PercentageOfDevelopAndCommercialize" type="dtr:percentItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="abvc_PercentageOfDevelopAndCommercialize"/>
  <xs:element name="LicensingFees" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" xbrli:balance="debit" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="abvc_LicensingFees"/>
  <xs:element name="PropertyandEquipmentandPrepamentforAssetAcquisitionDetailsTable" type="xbrli:stringItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrldt:hypercubeItem" id="abvc_PropertyandEquipmentandPrepamentforAssetAcquisitionDetailsTable"/>
  <xs:element name="LongTermInvestmentsDetailsTable" type="xbrli:stringItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrldt:hypercubeItem" id="abvc_LongTermInvestmentsDetailsTable"/>
  <xs:element name="PercentageCommonStocksShares" type="dtr:percentItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="abvc_PercentageCommonStocksShares"/>
  <xs:element name="ConvertibleNotesPayableDetailsTable" type="xbrli:stringItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrldt:hypercubeItem" id="abvc_ConvertibleNotesPayableDetailsTable"/>
  <xs:element name="OutstandingBalanceAmount" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="instant" xbrli:balance="credit" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="abvc_OutstandingBalanceAmount"/>
  <xs:element name="PercentageOfAverageAmount" type="dtr:percentItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="abvc_PercentageOfAverageAmount"/>
  <xs:element name="PercentageOfCashPermium" type="dtr:percentItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="abvc_PercentageOfCashPermium"/>
  <xs:element name="PercentageOfOutstandingPrincipalAmount" type="dtr:percentItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="abvc_PercentageOfOutstandingPrincipalAmount"/>
  <xs:element name="PurchaseWarrantTerm" type="xbrli:durationItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="abvc_PurchaseWarrantTerm"/>
  <xs:element name="PurchasePriceAmount" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="instant" xbrli:balance="debit" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="abvc_PurchasePriceAmount"/>
  <xs:element name="DebtInstrumentOutstandingPrincipal" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" xbrli:balance="credit" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="abvc_DebtInstrumentOutstandingPrincipal"/>
  <xs:element name="ConsiderationAmount" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="instant" xbrli:balance="credit" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="abvc_ConsiderationAmount"/>
  <xs:element name="PercentageOfAnnualDiscountRate" type="dtr:percentItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="abvc_PercentageOfAnnualDiscountRate"/>
  <xs:element name="TradingDays" type="xbrli:durationItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="abvc_TradingDays"/>
  <xs:element name="ConsecutiveDays" type="xbrli:durationItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="abvc_ConsecutiveDays"/>
  <xs:element name="ShortTermLoansDetailsTable" type="xbrli:stringItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrldt:hypercubeItem" id="abvc_ShortTermLoansDetailsTable"/>
  <xs:element name="ShortTermDebtMaturityDate" type="xbrli:dateItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="instant" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="abvc_ShortTermDebtMaturityDate"/>
  <xs:element name="RelatedPartiesTransactionsDetailsTable" type="xbrli:stringItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrldt:hypercubeItem" id="abvc_RelatedPartiesTransactionsDetailsTable"/>
  <xs:element name="WorkingCapitalPercentage" type="dtr:percentItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="abvc_WorkingCapitalPercentage"/>
  <xs:element name="LoanAgreementAmount" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" xbrli:balance="credit" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="abvc_LoanAgreementAmount"/>
  <xs:element name="RecognizedCreditLosses" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" xbrli:balance="debit" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="abvc_RecognizedCreditLosses"/>
  <xs:element name="OutstandingPrincipalAmount" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="instant" xbrli:balance="credit" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="abvc_OutstandingPrincipalAmount"/>
  <xs:element name="PercentageOfWorkingCapital" type="dtr:percentItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="instant" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="abvc_PercentageOfWorkingCapital"/>
  <xs:element name="EquityDetailsTable" type="xbrli:stringItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrldt:hypercubeItem" id="abvc_EquityDetailsTable"/>
  <xs:element name="AggregateCommonStockShares" type="xbrli:sharesItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="abvc_AggregateCommonStockShares"/>
  <xs:element name="AssetConsiderationCommonStock" type="xbrli:sharesItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="instant" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="abvc_AssetConsiderationCommonStock"/>
  <xs:element name="OutstandingLiabilityOwnedAmount" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="instant" xbrli:balance="credit" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="abvc_OutstandingLiabilityOwnedAmount"/>
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  <xs:element name="CommonStockSharesIssuedForRent" type="xbrli:sharesItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="abvc_CommonStockSharesIssuedForRent"/>
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  <xs:element name="AdvisorsOneMember" type="dtr:domainItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="abvc_AdvisorsOneMember"/>
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  <xs:element name="BHKCoDevelopmentAgreementMember" type="dtr:domainItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="abvc_BHKCoDevelopmentAgreementMember"/>
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  <xs:element name="BioFirstMember" type="dtr:domainItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="abvc_BioFirstMember"/>
  <xs:element name="BioFirstReceivesMember" type="dtr:domainItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="abvc_BioFirstReceivesMember"/>
  <xs:element name="BioFirstStockPurchaseAgreementMember" type="dtr:domainItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="abvc_BioFirstStockPurchaseAgreementMember"/>
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  <xs:element name="BioHopeKingCorporationMember" type="dtr:domainItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="abvc_BioHopeKingCorporationMember"/>
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  <xs:element name="BioLiteJapanMember" type="dtr:domainItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="abvc_BioLiteJapanMember"/>
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  <xs:element name="CTBCBankMember" type="dtr:domainItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="abvc_CTBCBankMember"/>
  <xs:element name="CTBCLoanAgreementsMember" type="dtr:domainItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="abvc_CTBCLoanAgreementsMember"/>
  <xs:element name="CashPaidMember" type="dtr:domainItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="abvc_CashPaidMember"/>
  <xs:element name="CathayUnitedBankMember" type="dtr:domainItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="abvc_CathayUnitedBankMember"/>
  <xs:element name="CathayUnitedLoanAgreementMember" type="dtr:domainItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="abvc_CathayUnitedLoanAgreementMember"/>
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  <xs:element name="ClientMember" type="dtr:domainItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="abvc_ClientMember"/>
  <xs:element name="CodevelopmentagreementMember" type="dtr:domainItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="abvc_CodevelopmentagreementMember"/>
  <xs:element name="CollaborativeAgreementWithForSeeConEyeCorporationMember" type="dtr:domainItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="abvc_CollaborativeAgreementWithForSeeConEyeCorporationMember"/>
  <xs:element name="ConsultantMember" type="dtr:domainItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="abvc_ConsultantMember"/>
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  <xs:element name="ConvertibleLoanAgreementMember" type="dtr:domainItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="abvc_ConvertibleLoanAgreementMember"/>
  <xs:element name="DecemberLetterAgreementMember" type="dtr:domainItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="abvc_DecemberLetterAgreementMember"/>
  <xs:element name="DirectorsMember" type="dtr:domainItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="abvc_DirectorsMember"/>
  <xs:element name="EuroAsiaInvestmentFinanceCorpLtdMember" type="dtr:domainItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="abvc_EuroAsiaInvestmentFinanceCorpLtdMember"/>
  <xs:element name="ExistingWarrantsMember" type="dtr:domainItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="abvc_ExistingWarrantsMember"/>
  <xs:element name="FEYEMember" type="dtr:domainItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="abvc_FEYEMember"/>
  <xs:element name="FirstLINDNoteMember" type="dtr:domainItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="abvc_FirstLINDNoteMember"/>
  <xs:element name="ForSeeConEyeCorporationMember" type="dtr:domainItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="abvc_ForSeeConEyeCorporationMember"/>
  <xs:element name="GenePharmIncMember" type="dtr:domainItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="abvc_GenePharmIncMember"/>
  <xs:element name="GenePharmInctheGenePharmMember" type="dtr:domainItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="abvc_GenePharmInctheGenePharmMember"/>
  <xs:element name="GenepharmBiotechCorporationMember" type="dtr:domainItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="abvc_GenepharmBiotechCorporationMember"/>
  <xs:element name="JaimesVargasRussmanMember" type="dtr:domainItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="abvc_JaimesVargasRussmanMember"/>
  <xs:element name="JiangsAdvancedFundsMember" type="dtr:domainItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="abvc_JiangsAdvancedFundsMember"/>
  <xs:element name="LicensingAgreementMember" type="dtr:domainItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="abvc_LicensingAgreementMember"/>
  <xs:element name="LindGlobalFundIILPLindMember" type="dtr:domainItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="abvc_LindGlobalFundIILPLindMember"/>
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  <xs:element name="LindNotesMember" type="dtr:domainItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="abvc_LindNotesMember"/>
  <xs:element name="LindNotesPayableMember" type="dtr:domainItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="abvc_LindNotesPayableMember"/>
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  <xs:element name="LindWarrantMember" type="dtr:domainItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="abvc_LindWarrantMember"/>
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  <xs:element name="RgeneStudiesMember" type="dtr:domainItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="abvc_RgeneStudiesMember"/>
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  <xs:element name="CollaborativeAgreementsAbstract" type="xbrli:stringItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="abvc_CollaborativeAgreementsAbstract"/>
  <xs:element name="LiquidityAndGoingConcernLineItems" type="xbrli:stringItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="abvc_LiquidityAndGoingConcernLineItems"/>
  <xs:element name="DocumentAndEntityInformationAbstract" type="xbrli:stringItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="abvc_DocumentAndEntityInformationAbstract"/>
</xs:schema>
</XBRL>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-101.CAL
<SEQUENCE>9
<FILENAME>abvc-20250331_cal.xml
<DESCRIPTION>XBRL CALCULATION FILE
<TEXT>
<XBRL>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="US-ASCII"?>
<!-- Generated by CompSci Transform (tm) - http://www.compsciresources.com -->
<!-- Created: Fri May 23 22:18:14 UTC 2025 -->
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-101.DEF
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<FILENAME>abvc-20250331_def.xml
<DESCRIPTION>XBRL DEFINITION FILE
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<!-- Created: Fri May 23 22:18:14 UTC 2025 -->
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</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-101.LAB
<SEQUENCE>11
<FILENAME>abvc-20250331_lab.xml
<DESCRIPTION>XBRL LABEL FILE
<TEXT>
<XBRL>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="US-ASCII"?>
<!-- Generated by CompSci Transform (tm) - http://www.compsciresources.com -->
<!-- Created: Fri May 23 22:18:14 UTC 2025 -->
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    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity" xlink:to="us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity_lbl0"/>
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    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_GrossProfit" xlink:to="us-gaap_GrossProfit_lbl0"/>
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    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_GrossProfit" xlink:to="us-gaap_GrossProfit_lbl2"/>
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    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingExpenses" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingExpenses_lbl"/>
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    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_NonoperatingIncomeExpense" xlink:to="us-gaap_NonoperatingIncomeExpense_lbl"/>
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    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest_lbl"/>
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    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest_lbl1"/>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProfitLoss_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Net loss</label>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProfitLoss_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Net loss</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ProfitLoss" xlink:to="us-gaap_ProfitLoss_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProfitLoss_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Net loss for the period</label>
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    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ProfitLoss" xlink:to="us-gaap_ProfitLoss_lbl2"/>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Net loss attributed to ABVC and subsidiaries</label>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Net cash used in operating activities</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities" xlink:to="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities_lbl"/>
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    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities" xlink:to="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities_lbl1"/>
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    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities" xlink:to="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities_lbl"/>
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    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities" xlink:to="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities_lbl"/>
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    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities" xlink:to="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities_lbl0"/>
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    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_SharesOutstanding" xlink:to="us-gaap_SharesOutstanding_lbl"/>
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    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_SharesOutstanding" xlink:to="us-gaap_SharesOutstanding_lbl0"/>
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    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_TreasuryStockCommonShares" xlink:to="us-gaap_TreasuryStockCommonShares_lbl"/>
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    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_TreasuryStockCommonShares" xlink:to="us-gaap_TreasuryStockCommonShares_lbl0"/>
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    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementOfFinancialPositionAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_StatementOfFinancialPositionAbstract_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract"/>
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    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis"/>
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    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis_lbl"/>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="srt_RangeAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Statistical Measurement [Axis]</label>
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    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_SegmentReportingInformationRevenueAbstract" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_SegmentReportingInformationRevenueAbstract"/>
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    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_SegmentReportingInformationRevenueAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_SegmentReportingInformationRevenueAbstract_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_SegmentReportingOtherSignificantReconcilingItemConsolidatedAbstract" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_SegmentReportingOtherSignificantReconcilingItemConsolidatedAbstract"/>
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    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_SegmentReportingOtherSignificantReconcilingItemConsolidatedAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_SegmentReportingOtherSignificantReconcilingItemConsolidatedAbstract_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_CollaborativeAgreementsAbstract" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_CollaborativeAgreementsAbstract"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_CollaborativeAgreementsAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Collaborative Agreements [Abstract]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_CollaborativeAgreementsAbstract" xlink:to="abvc_CollaborativeAgreementsAbstract_lbl"/>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Property and Equipment, and Prepament for Asset Acquisition [Abstract]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentAbstract_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentOtherNet" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentOtherNet"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentOtherNet_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Property and equipment, net</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentOtherNet" xlink:to="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentOtherNet_lbl"/>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LongTermInvestmentsAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Long-Term Investments [Abstract]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LongTermInvestmentsAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_LongTermInvestmentsAbstract_lbl"/>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="srt_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Investment, Name [Axis]</label>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Related Party Transaction [Axis]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionAxis_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentsAndJointVenturesAbstract" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentsAndJointVenturesAbstract"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentsAndJointVenturesAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of Components of Loss on Investment in Equity Securities [Abstract]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentsAndJointVenturesAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentsAndJointVenturesAbstract_lbl"/>
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    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentsAndJointVenturesAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentsAndJointVenturesAbstract_lbl0"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConvertibleLongtermNotesPayableCurrentAndNoncurrentAbstract" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_ConvertibleLongtermNotesPayableCurrentAndNoncurrentAbstract"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConvertibleLongtermNotesPayableCurrentAndNoncurrentAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Convertible Notes Payable [Abstract]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ConvertibleLongtermNotesPayableCurrentAndNoncurrentAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_ConvertibleLongtermNotesPayableCurrentAndNoncurrentAbstract_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentAxis" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_DebtInstrumentAxis"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Debt Instrument [Axis]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentAxis_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesAndOtherLiabilitiesAbstract" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesAndOtherLiabilitiesAbstract"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesAndOtherLiabilitiesAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities [Abstract]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesAndOtherLiabilitiesAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesAndOtherLiabilitiesAbstract_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesCurrentAbstract" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesCurrentAbstract"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesCurrentAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities [Abstract]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesCurrentAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesCurrentAbstract_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilities" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_OtherAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilities"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilities_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Total</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilities" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilities_lbl"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilities_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Total</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilities" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilities_lbl0"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShortTermBorrowingsAbstract" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_ShortTermBorrowingsAbstract"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShortTermBorrowingsAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Short-Term Loans [Abstract]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShortTermBorrowingsAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShortTermBorrowingsAbstract_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTypeAxis" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTypeAxis"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTypeAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Short-Term Debt, Type [Axis]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTypeAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTypeAxis_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsAbstract" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsAbstract"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Related Parties Transactions [Abstract]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsAbstract_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_TypeOfArrangementAxis" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_TypeOfArrangementAxis"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_TypeOfArrangementAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Collaborative Arrangement and Arrangement Other than Collaborative [Axis]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_TypeOfArrangementAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_TypeOfArrangementAxis_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherReceivableAfterAllowanceForCreditLossNoncurrent" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_OtherReceivableAfterAllowanceForCreditLossNoncurrent"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherReceivableAfterAllowanceForCreditLossNoncurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Net</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherReceivableAfterAllowanceForCreditLossNoncurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherReceivableAfterAllowanceForCreditLossNoncurrent_lbl"/>
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    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherReceivableAfterAllowanceForCreditLossNoncurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherReceivableAfterAllowanceForCreditLossNoncurrent_lbl0"/>
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    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherReceivableAfterAllowanceForCreditLossNoncurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherReceivableAfterAllowanceForCreditLossNoncurrent_lbl2"/>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Income Taxes [Abstract]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_ComponentsOfIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitContinuingOperationsAbstract" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_ComponentsOfIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitContinuingOperationsAbstract"/>
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    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ComponentsOfIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitContinuingOperationsAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_ComponentsOfIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitContinuingOperationsAbstract_lbl"/>
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    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CurrentIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" xlink:to="us-gaap_CurrentIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_lbl"/>
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    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" xlink:to="us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_lbl"/>
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    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" xlink:to="us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_lbl0"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit"/>
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    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ComponentsOfDeferredTaxAssetsAndLiabilitiesAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_ComponentsOfDeferredTaxAssetsAndLiabilitiesAbstract_lbl"/>
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    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_EquityAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_EquityAbstract_lbl"/>
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    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_EquityAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_EquityAbstract_lbl0"/>
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    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_WarrantsAndRightsNoteDisclosureAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_WarrantsAndRightsNoteDisclosureAbstract_lbl"/>
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    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsOutstandingNumber" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsOutstandingNumber_lbl"/>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodEndLabel" xlink:label="abvc_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Weighted- Average Exercise Price Per Share, Outstanding ending</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice" xlink:to="abvc_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsAggregateIntrinsicValueOutstanding" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsAggregateIntrinsicValueOutstanding"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodEndLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsAggregateIntrinsicValueOutstanding_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Aggregate Intrinsic Value, Outstanding ending (in Dollars)</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsAggregateIntrinsicValueOutstanding" xlink:to="us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsAggregateIntrinsicValueOutstanding_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsSharebasedPaymentsAbstract" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsSharebasedPaymentsAbstract"/>
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    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsSharebasedPaymentsAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsSharebasedPaymentsAbstract_lbl"/>
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    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharebasedCompensationAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharebasedCompensationAbstract_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodEndLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Number of Underlying Shares, Outstanding ending</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber_lbl"/>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodEndLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Weighted-Average Exercise Price Per Share, Outstanding Ending</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice_lbl"/>
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    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingIntrinsicValue" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingIntrinsicValue_lbl"/>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_EarningsPerShareAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Loss Per Share [Abstract]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_EarningsPerShareAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_EarningsPerShareAbstract_lbl"/>
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    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_EarningsPerShareAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_EarningsPerShareAbstract_lbl0"/>
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    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_EarningsPerShareAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_EarningsPerShareAbstract_lbl1"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_DisclosureTextBlockAbstract" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_DisclosureTextBlockAbstract"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DisclosureTextBlockAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Lease [Abstract]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DisclosureTextBlockAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_DisclosureTextBlockAbstract_lbl"/>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LeasesAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Leases [Abstract]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LeasesAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_LeasesAbstract_lbl"/>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LeasesOperatingAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of Operating Leases have Remaining Lease Terms [Abstract]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LeasesOperatingAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_LeasesOperatingAbstract_lbl"/>
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    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis"/>
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    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis_lbl"/>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Total future minimum lease payments, undiscounted</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue" xlink:to="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue_lbl"/>
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    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingenciesDisclosureAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingenciesDisclosureAbstract_lbl"/>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AssetAcquisitionAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Acquisition [Abstract]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AssetAcquisitionAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_AssetAcquisitionAbstract_lbl"/>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_SubsequentEventsAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Subsequent Events [Abstract]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_SubsequentEventsAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_SubsequentEventsAbstract_lbl"/>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Property and equipment, net</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet" xlink:to="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet_lbl"/>
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    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet" xlink:to="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet_lbl0"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightAxis" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightAxis"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Class of Warrant or Right [Axis]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightAxis_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilitiesPaymentsDueAbstract" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilitiesPaymentsDueAbstract"/>
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    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilitiesPaymentsDueAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilitiesPaymentsDueAbstract_lbl"/>
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    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityRegistrantName" xlink:to="dei_EntityRegistrantName_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" xlink:to="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_EntityFilerCategory" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityFilerCategory"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="dei_EntityFilerCategory_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Filer Category</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityFilerCategory" xlink:to="dei_EntityFilerCategory_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_EntitySmallBusiness" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntitySmallBusiness"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="dei_EntitySmallBusiness_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Small Business</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntitySmallBusiness" xlink:to="dei_EntitySmallBusiness_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Emerging Growth Company</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany" xlink:to="dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_AmendmentDescription" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_AmendmentDescription"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="dei_AmendmentDescription_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Amendment Description</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_AmendmentDescription" xlink:to="dei_AmendmentDescription_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityCentralIndexKey"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Central Index Key</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey" xlink:to="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_AmendmentFlag" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_AmendmentFlag"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="dei_AmendmentFlag_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Amendment Flag</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_AmendmentFlag" xlink:to="dei_AmendmentFlag_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_AssetsAbstract" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_AssetsAbstract"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_AssetsAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">ASSETS</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AssetsAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_AssetsAbstract_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Current Assets</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_CashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Cash and cash equivalents</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue" xlink:to="us-gaap_CashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_lbl"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Cash equivalent</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue" xlink:to="us-gaap_CashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_lbl0"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_RestrictedCashCurrent" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_RestrictedCashCurrent"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_RestrictedCashCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Restricted cash</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_RestrictedCashCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_RestrictedCashCurrent_lbl"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_RestrictedCashCurrent_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Restricted cash amounted</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_RestrictedCashCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_RestrictedCashCurrent_lbl0"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNetCurrent" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNetCurrent"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNetCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Accounts receivable, net</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNetCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNetCurrent_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccountsAndOtherReceivablesNetCurrent" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_AccountsAndOtherReceivablesNetCurrent"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccountsAndOtherReceivablesNetCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Accounts receivable - related parties, net</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccountsAndOtherReceivablesNetCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccountsAndOtherReceivablesNetCurrent_lbl"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccountsAndOtherReceivablesNetCurrent_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Total</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccountsAndOtherReceivablesNetCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccountsAndOtherReceivablesNetCurrent_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/netLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccountsAndOtherReceivablesNetCurrent_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Accounts receivable due from related parties</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccountsAndOtherReceivablesNetCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccountsAndOtherReceivablesNetCurrent_lbl1"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherReceivablesNetCurrent" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_OtherReceivablesNetCurrent"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherReceivablesNetCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Due from related parties</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherReceivablesNetCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherReceivablesNetCurrent_lbl"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherReceivablesNetCurrent_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Due from related party- Current</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherReceivablesNetCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherReceivablesNetCurrent_lbl0"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShortTermInvestments" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_ShortTermInvestments"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShortTermInvestments_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Short-term investments</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShortTermInvestments" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShortTermInvestments_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Prepaid expense and other current assets</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent_lbl"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Prepaid expense and other current asset</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent_lbl0"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Operating lease right-of-use assets</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_LongTermInvestments" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_LongTermInvestments"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_LongTermInvestments_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Long-term investments</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LongTermInvestments" xlink:to="us-gaap_LongTermInvestments_lbl"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_LongTermInvestments_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Equity Method Investments, net</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LongTermInvestments" xlink:to="us-gaap_LongTermInvestments_lbl0"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_PrepaymentForLongtermInvestmentsNoncurrent" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_PrepaymentForLongtermInvestmentsNoncurrent"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_PrepaymentForLongtermInvestmentsNoncurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Prepayment for long-term investments</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_PrepaymentForLongtermInvestmentsNoncurrent" xlink:to="abvc_PrepaymentForLongtermInvestmentsNoncurrent_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsNoncurrent" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsNoncurrent"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsNoncurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Prepayment for asset acquisition</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsNoncurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsNoncurrent_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Other non-current assets</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesAbstract" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_LiabilitiesAbstract"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">LIABILITIES AND EQUITY</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LiabilitiesAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_LiabilitiesAbstract_lbl"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesAbstract_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">LIABILITIES</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LiabilitiesAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_LiabilitiesAbstract_lbl0"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Current Liabilities</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShortTermBorrowings" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_ShortTermBorrowings"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShortTermBorrowings_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Short-term bank and other loans</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShortTermBorrowings" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShortTermBorrowings_lbl"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShortTermBorrowings_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Total</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShortTermBorrowings" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShortTermBorrowings_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/netLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShortTermBorrowings_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Short term debt</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShortTermBorrowings" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShortTermBorrowings_lbl1"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccountsPayableAndOtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_AccountsPayableAndOtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccountsPayableAndOtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Accrued expenses and other current liabilities</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccountsPayableAndOtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccountsPayableAndOtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Contract liabilities</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_TaxesPayableCurrent" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_TaxesPayableCurrent"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_TaxesPayableCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Taxes payables</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_TaxesPayableCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_TaxesPayableCurrent_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Operating lease liabilities</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent_lbl"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Operating lease liabilities (current)</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent_lbl0"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesCurrent"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Due to related parties</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesCurrent_lbl"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesCurrent_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Amount due to related parties</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesCurrent_lbl0"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConvertibleNotesPayableCurrent" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_ConvertibleNotesPayableCurrent"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConvertibleNotesPayableCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Convertible notes payable &#8211; third parties, net</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ConvertibleNotesPayableCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_ConvertibleNotesPayableCurrent_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_SecurityDepositLiability" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_SecurityDepositLiability"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_SecurityDepositLiability_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Tenant security deposit</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_SecurityDepositLiability" xlink:to="us-gaap_SecurityDepositLiability_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Operating lease liability &#8211; non-current</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent_lbl"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Operating lease liabilities (non-current)</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent_lbl0"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingencies" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingencies"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingencies_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingencies" xlink:to="us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingencies_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_PreferredStockValue" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_PreferredStockValue"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_PreferredStockValue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Preferred stock, $0.001 par value, 20,000,000 authorized, nil shares issued and outstanding</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PreferredStockValue" xlink:to="us-gaap_PreferredStockValue_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_PreferredStockParOrStatedValuePerShare" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_PreferredStockParOrStatedValuePerShare"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_PreferredStockParOrStatedValuePerShare_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Preferred stock, par value (in Dollars per share)</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PreferredStockParOrStatedValuePerShare" xlink:to="us-gaap_PreferredStockParOrStatedValuePerShare_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesAuthorized" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesAuthorized"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesAuthorized_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Preferred stock, shares authorized</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesAuthorized" xlink:to="us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesAuthorized_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesIssued" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesIssued"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesIssued_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Preferred stock, shares issued</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesIssued" xlink:to="us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesIssued_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesOutstanding" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesOutstanding"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesOutstanding_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Preferred stock, shares outstanding</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesOutstanding" xlink:to="us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesOutstanding_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockValue" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_CommonStockValue"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockValue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Common stock, value</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CommonStockValue" xlink:to="us-gaap_CommonStockValue_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Common stock, par value (in Dollars per share)</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare" xlink:to="us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare_lbl"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Common stock per share (in Dollars per share)</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare" xlink:to="us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare_lbl0"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockSharesAuthorized" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_CommonStockSharesAuthorized"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockSharesAuthorized_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Common stock, shares authorized</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CommonStockSharesAuthorized" xlink:to="us-gaap_CommonStockSharesAuthorized_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Common stock, shares issued</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued" xlink:to="us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued_lbl"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Ordinary shares issued</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued" xlink:to="us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued_lbl0"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Common stock, shares outstanding</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding" xlink:to="us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding_lbl"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Ordinary shares outstanding</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding" xlink:to="us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding_lbl0"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_StockSubscriptionReceivedInAdvance" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_StockSubscriptionReceivedInAdvance"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_StockSubscriptionReceivedInAdvance_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Stock to be issued</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_StockSubscriptionReceivedInAdvance" xlink:to="abvc_StockSubscriptionReceivedInAdvance_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapital" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapital"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapital_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Additional paid-in capital</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapital" xlink:to="us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapital_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Accumulated deficit</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit" xlink:to="us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Accumulated other comprehensive income</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_MinorityInterest" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_MinorityInterest"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_MinorityInterest_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Noncontrolling interest</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_MinorityInterest" xlink:to="us-gaap_MinorityInterest_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_InventoryNet" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_InventoryNet"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_InventoryNet_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Inventories</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_InventoryNet" xlink:to="us-gaap_InventoryNet_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_LiabilitiesAndEquityAbstract" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_LiabilitiesAndEquityAbstract"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_LiabilitiesAndEquityAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">LIABILITIES AND EQUITY</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_LiabilitiesAndEquityAbstract" xlink:to="abvc_LiabilitiesAndEquityAbstract_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_CurrentLiabilitiesAbstract0" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_CurrentLiabilitiesAbstract0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_CurrentLiabilitiesAbstract0_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Current Liabilities</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_CurrentLiabilitiesAbstract0" xlink:to="abvc_CurrentLiabilitiesAbstract0_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_Revenues" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_Revenues"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_Revenues_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Revenues</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_Revenues" xlink:to="us-gaap_Revenues_lbl"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_Revenues_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Revenue</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_Revenues" xlink:to="us-gaap_Revenues_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/netLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_Revenues_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Net sales</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_Revenues" xlink:to="us-gaap_Revenues_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_Revenues_lbl2" xml:lang="en-US">Total</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_Revenues" xlink:to="us-gaap_Revenues_lbl2"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_CostOfRevenue" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_CostOfRevenue"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_CostOfRevenue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Cost of revenues</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CostOfRevenue" xlink:to="us-gaap_CostOfRevenue_lbl"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_CostOfRevenue_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Cost of Revenue</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CostOfRevenue" xlink:to="us-gaap_CostOfRevenue_lbl0"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingExpensesAbstract" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingExpensesAbstract"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingExpensesAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Operating expenses</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingExpensesAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingExpensesAbstract_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Selling, general and administrative expenses</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense" xlink:to="us-gaap_SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Research and development expenses</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense" xlink:to="us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Stock-based compensation</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation_lbl"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Stock based compensation</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation_lbl0"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_NonoperatingIncomeExpenseAbstract" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_NonoperatingIncomeExpenseAbstract"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_NonoperatingIncomeExpenseAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Other income (expense)</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_NonoperatingIncomeExpenseAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_NonoperatingIncomeExpenseAbstract_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_InvestmentIncomeInterest" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_InvestmentIncomeInterest"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_InvestmentIncomeInterest_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Interest income</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_InvestmentIncomeInterest" xlink:to="us-gaap_InvestmentIncomeInterest_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_SubleaseIncome" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_SubleaseIncome"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_SubleaseIncome_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Operating sublease income</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_SubleaseIncome" xlink:to="us-gaap_SubleaseIncome_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossBeforeTax" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossBeforeTax"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossBeforeTax_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Gain (loss) on foreign exchange changes</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossBeforeTax" xlink:to="us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossBeforeTax_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_GainLossOnInvestments" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_GainLossOnInvestments"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_GainLossOnInvestments_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Loss on investment in equity securities</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_GainLossOnInvestments" xlink:to="us-gaap_GainLossOnInvestments_lbl"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_GainLossOnInvestments_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Loss on investment in equity securities</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_GainLossOnInvestments" xlink:to="us-gaap_GainLossOnInvestments_lbl0"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_WriteOffUnclaimedAccruedLiabilites" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_WriteOffUnclaimedAccruedLiabilites"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_WriteOffUnclaimedAccruedLiabilites_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Write off unclaimed accrued liabilities</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_WriteOffUnclaimedAccruedLiabilites" xlink:to="abvc_WriteOffUnclaimedAccruedLiabilites_lbl"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_WriteOffUnclaimedAccruedLiabilites_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Loss on investment in equity securities</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_WriteOffUnclaimedAccruedLiabilites" xlink:to="abvc_WriteOffUnclaimedAccruedLiabilites_lbl0"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherNonoperatingIncomeExpense" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_OtherNonoperatingIncomeExpense"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherNonoperatingIncomeExpense_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Other income (expenses)</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherNonoperatingIncomeExpense" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherNonoperatingIncomeExpense_lbl"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherNonoperatingIncomeExpense_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Other income, net</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherNonoperatingIncomeExpense" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherNonoperatingIncomeExpense_lbl0"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest" xlink:to="us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTax" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTax"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTax_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Foreign currency translation adjustment</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTax" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTax_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasic" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasic"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasic_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Net loss per share, Basic (in Dollars per share)</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasic" xlink:to="us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasic_lbl"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasic_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Basic net loss per common share (in Dollars per share)</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasic" xlink:to="us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasic_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/netLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasic_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Basic</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasic" xlink:to="us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasic_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasic_lbl2" xml:lang="en-US">Basic and diluted net loss per common share (in Dollars per share)</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasic" xlink:to="us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasic_lbl2"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_EarningsPerShareDiluted" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_EarningsPerShareDiluted"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_EarningsPerShareDiluted_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Net loss per share, Diluted (in Dollars per share)</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_EarningsPerShareDiluted" xlink:to="us-gaap_EarningsPerShareDiluted_lbl"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_EarningsPerShareDiluted_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Diluted net loss per common share (in Dollars per share)</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_EarningsPerShareDiluted" xlink:to="us-gaap_EarningsPerShareDiluted_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/netLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_EarningsPerShareDiluted_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Diluted</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_EarningsPerShareDiluted" xlink:to="us-gaap_EarningsPerShareDiluted_lbl1"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_UnlabeledAbstract" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_UnlabeledAbstract"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_UnlabeledAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US"></label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_UnlabeledAbstract" xlink:to="abvc_UnlabeledAbstract_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_WeightedAverageNumberOfCommonSharesOutstanding1Abstract" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_WeightedAverageNumberOfCommonSharesOutstanding1Abstract"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_WeightedAverageNumberOfCommonSharesOutstanding1Abstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Weighted average number of common shares outstanding (1):</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_WeightedAverageNumberOfCommonSharesOutstanding1Abstract" xlink:to="abvc_WeightedAverageNumberOfCommonSharesOutstanding1Abstract_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Weighted average number of common shares outstanding, Basic (in Shares)</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic" xlink:to="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic_lbl"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Weighted-average shares outstanding &#8211; Basic</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic" xlink:to="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic_lbl0"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Weighted average number of common shares outstanding, Diluted (in Shares)</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding" xlink:to="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding_lbl"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Weighted-average shares outstanding &#8211; Diluted</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding" xlink:to="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding_lbl0"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_OperatingExpensesAbstract0" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_OperatingExpensesAbstract0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_OperatingExpensesAbstract0_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Operating expenses</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_OperatingExpensesAbstract0" xlink:to="abvc_OperatingExpensesAbstract0_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_OtherIncomeExpenseAbstract" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_OtherIncomeExpenseAbstract"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_OtherIncomeExpenseAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Other income (expense)</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_OtherIncomeExpenseAbstract" xlink:to="abvc_OtherIncomeExpenseAbstract_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_NetLossPerShareAbstract" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_NetLossPerShareAbstract"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_NetLossPerShareAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Net loss per share:</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_NetLossPerShareAbstract" xlink:to="abvc_NetLossPerShareAbstract_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_WeightedAverageNumberOfCommonSharesOutstandingAbstract" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_WeightedAverageNumberOfCommonSharesOutstandingAbstract"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_WeightedAverageNumberOfCommonSharesOutstandingAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Weighted average number of common shares outstanding:</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_WeightedAverageNumberOfCommonSharesOutstandingAbstract" xlink:to="abvc_WeightedAverageNumberOfCommonSharesOutstandingAbstract_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Cash flows from operating activities</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_AdjustmentsToReconcileNetIncomeLossToCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_AdjustmentsToReconcileNetIncomeLossToCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_AdjustmentsToReconcileNetIncomeLossToCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AdjustmentsToReconcileNetIncomeLossToCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_AdjustmentsToReconcileNetIncomeLossToCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_Depreciation" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_Depreciation"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_Depreciation_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Depreciation</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_Depreciation" xlink:to="us-gaap_Depreciation_lbl"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_Depreciation_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Depreciation expense</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_Depreciation" xlink:to="us-gaap_Depreciation_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/netLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_Depreciation_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Depreciation expenses</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_Depreciation" xlink:to="us-gaap_Depreciation_lbl1"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProvisionForDoubtfulAccounts" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_ProvisionForDoubtfulAccounts"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProvisionForDoubtfulAccounts_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Provision for doubtful accounts</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ProvisionForDoubtfulAccounts" xlink:to="us-gaap_ProvisionForDoubtfulAccounts_lbl"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProvisionForDoubtfulAccounts_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Credit loss</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ProvisionForDoubtfulAccounts" xlink:to="us-gaap_ProvisionForDoubtfulAccounts_lbl0"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAssetAmortizationExpense" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAssetAmortizationExpense"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAssetAmortizationExpense_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Amortization of right-of-use asset</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAssetAmortizationExpense" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAssetAmortizationExpense_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingCapitalAbstract" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingCapitalAbstract"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingCapitalAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Changes in operating assets and liabilities:</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingCapitalAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingCapitalAbstract_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccruedLiabilitiesAndOtherOperatingLiabilities" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccruedLiabilitiesAndOtherOperatingLiabilities"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccruedLiabilitiesAndOtherOperatingLiabilities_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Accrued expenses and other current liabilities</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccruedLiabilitiesAndOtherOperatingLiabilities" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccruedLiabilitiesAndOtherOperatingLiabilities_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInContractWithCustomerLiability" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInContractWithCustomerLiability"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInContractWithCustomerLiability_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Contract liabilities</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInContractWithCustomerLiability" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInContractWithCustomerLiability_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInSecurityDeposits" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInSecurityDeposits"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInSecurityDeposits_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Other assets &#8211; tenant security deposit</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInSecurityDeposits" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInSecurityDeposits_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccruedIncomeTaxesPayable" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccruedIncomeTaxesPayable"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccruedIncomeTaxesPayable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Taxes payables</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccruedIncomeTaxesPayable" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccruedIncomeTaxesPayable_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingLeaseLiability" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingLeaseLiability"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingLeaseLiability_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Operating lease liabilities</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingLeaseLiability" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingLeaseLiability_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivitiesAbstract" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivitiesAbstract"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivitiesAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Cash flows from investing activities</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivitiesAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivitiesAbstract_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivitiesAbstract" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivitiesAbstract"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivitiesAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Cash flows from financing activities</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivitiesAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivitiesAbstract_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfCommonStock" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfCommonStock"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfCommonStock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Issuance of common stock</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfCommonStock" xlink:to="us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfCommonStock_lbl"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfCommonStock_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Aggregate value of common stock (in Dollars)</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfCommonStock" xlink:to="us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfCommonStock_lbl0"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfWarrants" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfWarrants"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfWarrants_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Proceeds from issuance of warrants</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfWarrants" xlink:to="us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfWarrants_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProceedsFromWarrantExercises" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_ProceedsFromWarrantExercises"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProceedsFromWarrantExercises_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Proceeds from exercise of warrants</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ProceedsFromWarrantExercises" xlink:to="us-gaap_ProceedsFromWarrantExercises_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProceedsFromRepaymentsOfRelatedPartyDebt" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_ProceedsFromRepaymentsOfRelatedPartyDebt"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProceedsFromRepaymentsOfRelatedPartyDebt_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Proceeds from (repayment of) related party payables</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ProceedsFromRepaymentsOfRelatedPartyDebt" xlink:to="us-gaap_ProceedsFromRepaymentsOfRelatedPartyDebt_lbl"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProceedsFromRepaymentsOfRelatedPartyDebt_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Due to related parties</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ProceedsFromRepaymentsOfRelatedPartyDebt" xlink:to="us-gaap_ProceedsFromRepaymentsOfRelatedPartyDebt_lbl0"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProceedsFromConvertibleDebt" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_ProceedsFromConvertibleDebt"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProceedsFromConvertibleDebt_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Proceeds from convertible notes payable</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ProceedsFromConvertibleDebt" xlink:to="us-gaap_ProceedsFromConvertibleDebt_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfAPromissoryNote" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfAPromissoryNote"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfAPromissoryNote_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Proceeds from issuance of a promissory note</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfAPromissoryNote" xlink:to="abvc_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfAPromissoryNote_lbl"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfAPromissoryNote_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Proceeds from promissory note</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfAPromissoryNote" xlink:to="abvc_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfAPromissoryNote_lbl0"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProceedsFromStockPlans" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_ProceedsFromStockPlans"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProceedsFromStockPlans_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Proceeds from common stock subscription</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ProceedsFromStockPlans" xlink:to="us-gaap_ProceedsFromStockPlans_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_ProceedsFromSubsidiarysShareholderContribution" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_ProceedsFromSubsidiarysShareholderContribution"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_ProceedsFromSubsidiarysShareholderContribution_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Proceeds from subsidiary&apos;s executive contribution</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_ProceedsFromSubsidiarysShareholderContribution" xlink:to="abvc_ProceedsFromSubsidiarysShareholderContribution_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents" xlink:to="us-gaap_EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsAbstract" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsAbstract"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsAbstract_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_SupplementalCashFlowInformationAbstract" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_SupplementalCashFlowInformationAbstract"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_SupplementalCashFlowInformationAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Supplemental disclosure of cash flows</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_SupplementalCashFlowInformationAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_SupplementalCashFlowInformationAbstract_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_CashPaidDuringTheYearForAbstract" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_CashPaidDuringTheYearForAbstract"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_CashPaidDuringTheYearForAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Cash paid during the year for:</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_CashPaidDuringTheYearForAbstract" xlink:to="abvc_CashPaidDuringTheYearForAbstract_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_InterestPaidNet" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_InterestPaidNet"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_InterestPaidNet_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Interest expense paid</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_InterestPaidNet" xlink:to="us-gaap_InterestPaidNet_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxesPaidNet" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeTaxesPaidNet"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxesPaidNet_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Income taxes paid</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeTaxesPaidNet" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncomeTaxesPaidNet_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashFlowNoncashInvestingAndFinancingActivitiesDisclosureAbstract" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_CashFlowNoncashInvestingAndFinancingActivitiesDisclosureAbstract"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashFlowNoncashInvestingAndFinancingActivitiesDisclosureAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Non-cash financing and investing activities</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CashFlowNoncashInvestingAndFinancingActivitiesDisclosureAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_CashFlowNoncashInvestingAndFinancingActivitiesDisclosureAbstract_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_PrepaymentOfAssetAcquisitionByIssuingCommonStockToAThirdParty" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_PrepaymentOfAssetAcquisitionByIssuingCommonStockToAThirdParty"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_PrepaymentOfAssetAcquisitionByIssuingCommonStockToAThirdParty_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Prepayment for asset acquisition by issuing common stock to a third party</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_PrepaymentOfAssetAcquisitionByIssuingCommonStockToAThirdParty" xlink:to="abvc_PrepaymentOfAssetAcquisitionByIssuingCommonStockToAThirdParty_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_IssuanceOfCommonStockForConversionOfDebt" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_IssuanceOfCommonStockForConversionOfDebt"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_IssuanceOfCommonStockForConversionOfDebt_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Issuance of common stock for conversion of debt</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_IssuanceOfCommonStockForConversionOfDebt" xlink:to="abvc_IssuanceOfCommonStockForConversionOfDebt_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_IssuanceOfSubsidiarysCommonStockForConsultingServices" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_IssuanceOfSubsidiarysCommonStockForConsultingServices"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_IssuanceOfSubsidiarysCommonStockForConsultingServices_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Issuance of subsidiary&#8217;s common stock for consulting services</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_IssuanceOfSubsidiarysCommonStockForConsultingServices" xlink:to="abvc_IssuanceOfSubsidiarysCommonStockForConsultingServices_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_CashFlowsFromOperatingActivitiesAbstract" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_CashFlowsFromOperatingActivitiesAbstract"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_CashFlowsFromOperatingActivitiesAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Cash flows from operating activities</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_CashFlowsFromOperatingActivitiesAbstract" xlink:to="abvc_CashFlowsFromOperatingActivitiesAbstract_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_AdjustmentsToReconcileNetLossToNetCashUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_AdjustmentsToReconcileNetLossToNetCashUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_AdjustmentsToReconcileNetLossToNetCashUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_AdjustmentsToReconcileNetLossToNetCashUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract" xlink:to="abvc_AdjustmentsToReconcileNetLossToNetCashUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_ChangesInOperatingAssetsAndLiabilitiesAbstract" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_ChangesInOperatingAssetsAndLiabilitiesAbstract"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_ChangesInOperatingAssetsAndLiabilitiesAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Changes in operating assets and liabilities:</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_ChangesInOperatingAssetsAndLiabilitiesAbstract" xlink:to="abvc_ChangesInOperatingAssetsAndLiabilitiesAbstract_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_CashFlowsFromInvestingActivitiesAbstract" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_CashFlowsFromInvestingActivitiesAbstract"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_CashFlowsFromInvestingActivitiesAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Cash flows from investing activities</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_CashFlowsFromInvestingActivitiesAbstract" xlink:to="abvc_CashFlowsFromInvestingActivitiesAbstract_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_CashFlowsFromFinancingActivitiesAbstract" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_CashFlowsFromFinancingActivitiesAbstract"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_CashFlowsFromFinancingActivitiesAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Cash flows from financing activities</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_CashFlowsFromFinancingActivitiesAbstract" xlink:to="abvc_CashFlowsFromFinancingActivitiesAbstract_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProceedsFromShortTermDebt" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_ProceedsFromShortTermDebt"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProceedsFromShortTermDebt_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Proceeds from short-term loans</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ProceedsFromShortTermDebt" xlink:to="us-gaap_ProceedsFromShortTermDebt_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProceedsFromRelatedPartyDebt" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_ProceedsFromRelatedPartyDebt"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProceedsFromRelatedPartyDebt_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Due to related parties, net</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ProceedsFromRelatedPartyDebt" xlink:to="us-gaap_ProceedsFromRelatedPartyDebt_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_CashAndCashEquivalentsAndRestrictedCashAbstract" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_CashAndCashEquivalentsAndRestrictedCashAbstract"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_CashAndCashEquivalentsAndRestrictedCashAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_CashAndCashEquivalentsAndRestrictedCashAbstract" xlink:to="abvc_CashAndCashEquivalentsAndRestrictedCashAbstract_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_SupplementalDisclosureOfCashFlowsAbstract" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_SupplementalDisclosureOfCashFlowsAbstract"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_SupplementalDisclosureOfCashFlowsAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Supplemental disclosure of cash flows</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_SupplementalDisclosureOfCashFlowsAbstract" xlink:to="abvc_SupplementalDisclosureOfCashFlowsAbstract_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_CashPaidDuringTheYearForAbstract0" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_CashPaidDuringTheYearForAbstract0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_CashPaidDuringTheYearForAbstract0_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Cash paid during the year for:</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_CashPaidDuringTheYearForAbstract0" xlink:to="abvc_CashPaidDuringTheYearForAbstract0_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_NonCashFinancingAndInvestingActivitiesAbstract" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_NonCashFinancingAndInvestingActivitiesAbstract"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_NonCashFinancingAndInvestingActivitiesAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Non-cash financing and investing activities</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_NonCashFinancingAndInvestingActivitiesAbstract" xlink:to="abvc_NonCashFinancingAndInvestingActivitiesAbstract_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueOfAssetsAcquired" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_FairValueOfAssetsAcquired"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueOfAssetsAcquired_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Acquiring control of the land</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_FairValueOfAssetsAcquired" xlink:to="us-gaap_FairValueOfAssetsAcquired_lbl"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueOfAssetsAcquired_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Value of acquired amount</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_FairValueOfAssetsAcquired" xlink:to="us-gaap_FairValueOfAssetsAcquired_lbl0"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtConversionConvertedInstrumentAmount1" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_DebtConversionConvertedInstrumentAmount1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtConversionConvertedInstrumentAmount1_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Conversion of convertible note due from related parties to equity investment</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DebtConversionConvertedInstrumentAmount1" xlink:to="us-gaap_DebtConversionConvertedInstrumentAmount1_lbl"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtConversionConvertedInstrumentAmount1_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Principal amount of converted debt (in Dollars)</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DebtConversionConvertedInstrumentAmount1" xlink:to="us-gaap_DebtConversionConvertedInstrumentAmount1_lbl0"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_PriorPeriodAdjustment" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_PriorPeriodAdjustment"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_PriorPeriodAdjustment_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Prior period adjustment</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_PriorPeriodAdjustment" xlink:to="abvc_PriorPeriodAdjustment_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssues" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssues"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssues_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Issuance of common shares for cash</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssues" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssues_lbl"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssues_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Value of new shares issued</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssues" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssues_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/netLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssues_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Total common stock value issued (in Dollars)</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssues" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssues_lbl1"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Issuance of common shares for cash (in Shares)</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues_lbl"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Received shares (in Shares)</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/netLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Issuance of common stock</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues_lbl2" xml:lang="en-US">Number of shares issued</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues_lbl2"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueIssuedForServices" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueIssuedForServices"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueIssuedForServices_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Issuance of common shares for consulting service</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueIssuedForServices" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueIssuedForServices_lbl"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueIssuedForServices_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Service fee (in Dollars)</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueIssuedForServices" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueIssuedForServices_lbl0"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesIssuedForServices" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesIssuedForServices"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesIssuedForServices_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Issuance of common shares for consulting service (in Shares)</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesIssuedForServices" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesIssuedForServices_lbl"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesIssuedForServices_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Common stock purchase warrant (in Shares)</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesIssuedForServices" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesIssuedForServices_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/netLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesIssuedForServices_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Issued shares for consulting service</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesIssuedForServices" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesIssuedForServices_lbl1"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueIssuanceOfCommonSharesForAcquisitionOfProperty" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueIssuanceOfCommonSharesForAcquisitionOfProperty"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueIssuanceOfCommonSharesForAcquisitionOfProperty_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Issuance of common shares for acquisition of property</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueIssuanceOfCommonSharesForAcquisitionOfProperty" xlink:to="abvc_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueIssuanceOfCommonSharesForAcquisitionOfProperty_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesIssuanceOfCommonSharesForAcquisitionOfProperty" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesIssuanceOfCommonSharesForAcquisitionOfProperty"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesIssuanceOfCommonSharesForAcquisitionOfProperty_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Issuance of common shares for acquisition of property (in Shares)</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesIssuanceOfCommonSharesForAcquisitionOfProperty" xlink:to="abvc_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesIssuanceOfCommonSharesForAcquisitionOfProperty_lbl"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesIssuanceOfCommonSharesForAcquisitionOfProperty_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Issuance of common shares (in Shares)</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesIssuanceOfCommonSharesForAcquisitionOfProperty" xlink:to="abvc_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesIssuanceOfCommonSharesForAcquisitionOfProperty_lbl0"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueConversionOfConvertibleSecurities" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueConversionOfConvertibleSecurities"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueConversionOfConvertibleSecurities_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Issuance of common shares for exercise of convertible notes</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueConversionOfConvertibleSecurities" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueConversionOfConvertibleSecurities_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesConversionOfConvertibleSecurities" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesConversionOfConvertibleSecurities"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesConversionOfConvertibleSecurities_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Issuance of common shares for exercise of convertible notes (in Shares)</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesConversionOfConvertibleSecurities" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesConversionOfConvertibleSecurities_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalWarrantIssuedWithConvertibleNotesPayable" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalWarrantIssuedWithConvertibleNotesPayable"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalWarrantIssuedWithConvertibleNotesPayable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Warrant issued with convertible notes payable</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalWarrantIssuedWithConvertibleNotesPayable" xlink:to="abvc_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalWarrantIssuedWithConvertibleNotesPayable_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalWarrantIssued" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalWarrantIssued"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalWarrantIssued_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Issuance of pre-funded warrant in connection to the 3rd Lind Note</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalWarrantIssued" xlink:to="us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalWarrantIssued_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueStockExerciseOfPrefundedWarrant" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueStockExerciseOfPrefundedWarrant"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueStockExerciseOfPrefundedWarrant_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Exercise of pre-funded warrant</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueStockExerciseOfPrefundedWarrant" xlink:to="abvc_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueStockExerciseOfPrefundedWarrant_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesExerciseOfPrefundedWarrant" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesExerciseOfPrefundedWarrant"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesExerciseOfPrefundedWarrant_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Exercise of pre-funded warrant (in Shares)</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesExerciseOfPrefundedWarrant" xlink:to="abvc_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesExerciseOfPrefundedWarrant_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueSubsidiaryExecutiveContribution" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueSubsidiaryExecutiveContribution"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueSubsidiaryExecutiveContribution_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Subsidiary executive contribution</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueSubsidiaryExecutiveContribution" xlink:to="abvc_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueSubsidiaryExecutiveContribution_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_CumulativeTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTaxPeriodIncreaseDecrease" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_CumulativeTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTaxPeriodIncreaseDecrease"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_CumulativeTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTaxPeriodIncreaseDecrease_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Cumulative transaction adjustments</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CumulativeTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTaxPeriodIncreaseDecrease" xlink:to="us-gaap_CumulativeTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTaxPeriodIncreaseDecrease_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueEmployeeStockOwnershipPlan" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueEmployeeStockOwnershipPlan"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueEmployeeStockOwnershipPlan_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Distribute as employee compensation</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueEmployeeStockOwnershipPlan" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueEmployeeStockOwnershipPlan_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesDistributeAsEmployeeCompensation" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesDistributeAsEmployeeCompensation"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesDistributeAsEmployeeCompensation_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Distribute as employee compensation (in Shares)</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesDistributeAsEmployeeCompensation" xlink:to="abvc_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesDistributeAsEmployeeCompensation_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueIssuanceOfCommonSharesForLindCN" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueIssuanceOfCommonSharesForLindCN"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueIssuanceOfCommonSharesForLindCN_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Issuance of common shares for Lind CN Repayment</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueIssuanceOfCommonSharesForLindCN" xlink:to="abvc_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueIssuanceOfCommonSharesForLindCN_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_IssuanceOfCommonShareForLindCNRepayment" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_IssuanceOfCommonShareForLindCNRepayment"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_IssuanceOfCommonShareForLindCNRepayment_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Issuance of common shares for Lind CN Repayment (in Shares)</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_IssuanceOfCommonShareForLindCNRepayment" xlink:to="abvc_IssuanceOfCommonShareForLindCNRepayment_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesIssuanceOfCommonSharesForAcquiringOfProperty" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesIssuanceOfCommonSharesForAcquiringOfProperty"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesIssuanceOfCommonSharesForAcquiringOfProperty_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Issuance of common shares for acquisition of property (in Shares)</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesIssuanceOfCommonSharesForAcquiringOfProperty" xlink:to="abvc_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesIssuanceOfCommonSharesForAcquiringOfProperty_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueShareBasedCompensation" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueShareBasedCompensation"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueShareBasedCompensation_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Stock based compensation for services</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueShareBasedCompensation" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueShareBasedCompensation_lbl"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueShareBasedCompensation_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Stock-based compensation (in Dollars)</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueShareBasedCompensation" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueShareBasedCompensation_lbl0"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesShareBasedCompensation" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesShareBasedCompensation"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesShareBasedCompensation_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Stock based compensation for services (in Shares)</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesShareBasedCompensation" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesShareBasedCompensation_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueIssuanceOfCommonSharesForExerciseOfWarrants" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueIssuanceOfCommonSharesForExerciseOfWarrants"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueIssuanceOfCommonSharesForExerciseOfWarrants_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Issuance of common shares for exercise of warrants</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueIssuanceOfCommonSharesForExerciseOfWarrants" xlink:to="abvc_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueIssuanceOfCommonSharesForExerciseOfWarrants_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesIssuanceOfCommonSharesForExerciseOfWarrants" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesIssuanceOfCommonSharesForExerciseOfWarrants"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesIssuanceOfCommonSharesForExerciseOfWarrants_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Issuance of common shares for exercise of warrants (in Shares)</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesIssuanceOfCommonSharesForExerciseOfWarrants" xlink:to="abvc_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesIssuanceOfCommonSharesForExerciseOfWarrants_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_TreasuryStockSharesRetired" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_TreasuryStockSharesRetired"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_TreasuryStockSharesRetired_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Repurchase of common stock from a prior employee (in Shares)</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_TreasuryStockSharesRetired" xlink:to="us-gaap_TreasuryStockSharesRetired_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_StockSubscriptionReceived" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_StockSubscriptionReceived"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_StockSubscriptionReceived_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Stock subscription received</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_StockSubscriptionReceived" xlink:to="abvc_StockSubscriptionReceived_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueIssuanceOfSubsidiarysCommonSharesForConsultingService" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueIssuanceOfSubsidiarysCommonSharesForConsultingService"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueIssuanceOfSubsidiarysCommonSharesForConsultingService_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Issuance of subsidiary&apos;s common shares for consulting service</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueIssuanceOfSubsidiarysCommonSharesForConsultingService" xlink:to="abvc_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueIssuanceOfSubsidiarysCommonSharesForConsultingService_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalConvertibleDebtWithConversionFeature" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalConvertibleDebtWithConversionFeature"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalConvertibleDebtWithConversionFeature_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Debt discount recognized from Issuance of subsidiary&apos;s convertible note</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalConvertibleDebtWithConversionFeature" xlink:to="us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalConvertibleDebtWithConversionFeature_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalStockIssuedIssuanceCosts" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalStockIssuedIssuanceCosts"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalStockIssuedIssuanceCosts_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Decrease in ownership of subsidiary due to share issuance</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalStockIssuedIssuanceCosts" xlink:to="us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalStockIssuedIssuanceCosts_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalOther" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalOther"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalOther_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Acquiring control of the land</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalOther" xlink:to="us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalOther_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_TreasuryStockValue" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_TreasuryStockValue"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_TreasuryStockValue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Treasury stock</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_TreasuryStockValue" xlink:to="us-gaap_TreasuryStockValue_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_InterestExpenseNonoperating" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_InterestExpenseNonoperating"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_InterestExpenseNonoperating_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Interest expense</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_InterestExpenseNonoperating" xlink:to="us-gaap_InterestExpenseNonoperating_lbl"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedTerseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_InterestExpenseNonoperating_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Interest expense</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_InterestExpenseNonoperating" xlink:to="us-gaap_InterestExpenseNonoperating_lbl0"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherNoncashIncomeExpense" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_OtherNoncashIncomeExpense"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherNoncashIncomeExpense_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Other non-cash expenses</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherNoncashIncomeExpense" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherNoncashIncomeExpense_lbl"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedTerseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherNoncashIncomeExpense_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Other non-cash income and expenses</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherNoncashIncomeExpense" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherNoncashIncomeExpense_lbl0"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsReceivable" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsReceivable"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsReceivable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Accounts receivable</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsReceivable" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsReceivable_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInPrepaidExpensesOther" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInPrepaidExpensesOther"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInPrepaidExpensesOther_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Prepaid expenses and other current assets</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInPrepaidExpensesOther" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInPrepaidExpensesOther_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInDueFromRelatedParties" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInDueFromRelatedParties"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInDueFromRelatedParties_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Due from related parties</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInDueFromRelatedParties" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInDueFromRelatedParties_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Purchase of equipment</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment" xlink:to="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireLongtermInvestments" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireLongtermInvestments"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireLongtermInvestments_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Prepayment for equity investment</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireLongtermInvestments" xlink:to="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireLongtermInvestments_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_RepaymentsOfShortTermDebt" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_RepaymentsOfShortTermDebt"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_RepaymentsOfShortTermDebt_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Repayment of short-term loans</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_RepaymentsOfShortTermDebt" xlink:to="us-gaap_RepaymentsOfShortTermDebt_lbl"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_RepaymentsOfShortTermDebt_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Payments of loan</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_RepaymentsOfShortTermDebt" xlink:to="us-gaap_RepaymentsOfShortTermDebt_lbl0"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_RepaymentsOfConvertibleDebt" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_RepaymentsOfConvertibleDebt"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_RepaymentsOfConvertibleDebt_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Repayment of convertible notes payable</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_RepaymentsOfConvertibleDebt" xlink:to="us-gaap_RepaymentsOfConvertibleDebt_lbl"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_RepaymentsOfConvertibleDebt_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Cash repayment (in Dollars)</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_RepaymentsOfConvertibleDebt" xlink:to="us-gaap_RepaymentsOfConvertibleDebt_lbl0"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_RepurchaseOfTreasuryStocks" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_RepurchaseOfTreasuryStocks"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="abvc_RepurchaseOfTreasuryStocks_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Repurchase of treasury stocks</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_RepurchaseOfTreasuryStocks" xlink:to="abvc_RepurchaseOfTreasuryStocks_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInInventories" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInInventories"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInInventories_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Inventories</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInInventories" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInInventories_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueEmployeeStockPurchasePlan" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueEmployeeStockPurchasePlan"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueEmployeeStockPurchasePlan_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Repurchase of common stock from a prior employee</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueEmployeeStockPurchasePlan" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueEmployeeStockPurchasePlan_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_RelatedPartyMember" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_RelatedPartyMember"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_RelatedPartyMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Related Party</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_RelatedPartyMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_RelatedPartyMember_lbl"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_RelatedPartyMember_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Related Party [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_RelatedPartyMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_RelatedPartyMember_lbl0"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="srt_RestatementAdjustmentMember" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2025/elts/srt-2025.xsd#srt_RestatementAdjustmentMember"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="srt_RestatementAdjustmentMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Prior Period Adjustment</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="srt_RestatementAdjustmentMember" xlink:to="srt_RestatementAdjustmentMember_lbl"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="srt_RestatementAdjustmentMember_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Adjustments [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="srt_RestatementAdjustmentMember" xlink:to="srt_RestatementAdjustmentMember_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/netLabel" xlink:label="srt_RestatementAdjustmentMember_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Revision of Prior Period, Adjustment [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="srt_RestatementAdjustmentMember" xlink:to="srt_RestatementAdjustmentMember_lbl1"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockMember" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_CommonStockMember"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Common Stock</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CommonStockMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_CommonStockMember_lbl"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockMember_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Common Stock Number of shares</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CommonStockMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_CommonStockMember_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/netLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockMember_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Common Stock Amounts</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CommonStockMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_CommonStockMember_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockMember_lbl2" xml:lang="en-US">Common Stock [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CommonStockMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_CommonStockMember_lbl2"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_SubscribedStockMember" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_SubscribedStockMember"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_SubscribedStockMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Subscribed stock</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_SubscribedStockMember" xlink:to="abvc_SubscribedStockMember_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_StockSubScriptionReceivableMember" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_StockSubScriptionReceivableMember"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_StockSubScriptionReceivableMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Stock Sub scription Receivable</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_StockSubScriptionReceivableMember" xlink:to="abvc_StockSubScriptionReceivableMember_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Additional Paid-in Capital</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_RetainedEarningsMember" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_RetainedEarningsMember"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_RetainedEarningsMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Accumulated Deficit</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_RetainedEarningsMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_RetainedEarningsMember_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Comprehensive Income</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_TreasuryStockCommonMember" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_TreasuryStockCommonMember"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_TreasuryStockCommonMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Treasury Stock</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_TreasuryStockCommonMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_TreasuryStockCommonMember_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_NoncontrollingInterestMember" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_NoncontrollingInterestMember"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_NoncontrollingInterestMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Non controlling Interest</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_NoncontrollingInterestMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_NoncontrollingInterestMember_lbl"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_NoncontrollingInterestMember_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Noncontrolling Interest</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_NoncontrollingInterestMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_NoncontrollingInterestMember_lbl0"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_BusinessDescriptionAndBasisOfPresentationTextBlock" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_BusinessDescriptionAndBasisOfPresentationTextBlock"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_BusinessDescriptionAndBasisOfPresentationTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">ORGANIZATION AND DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_BusinessDescriptionAndBasisOfPresentationTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_BusinessDescriptionAndBasisOfPresentationTextBlock_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_LiquidityGoingConcernAndRestatementTextBlock" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_LiquidityGoingConcernAndRestatementTextBlock"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_LiquidityGoingConcernAndRestatementTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">LIQUIDITY, GOING CONCERN, AND RESTATEMENT</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_LiquidityGoingConcernAndRestatementTextBlock" xlink:to="abvc_LiquidityGoingConcernAndRestatementTextBlock_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="srt_ScheduleOfCondensedFinancialStatementsTableTextBlock" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2025/elts/srt-2025.xsd#srt_ScheduleOfCondensedFinancialStatementsTableTextBlock"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="srt_ScheduleOfCondensedFinancialStatementsTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of Impact of the Restatement</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="srt_ScheduleOfCondensedFinancialStatementsTableTextBlock" xlink:to="srt_ScheduleOfCondensedFinancialStatementsTableTextBlock_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConstructionInProgressGross" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_ConstructionInProgressGross"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConstructionInProgressGross_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Property and equipment, net</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ConstructionInProgressGross" xlink:to="us-gaap_ConstructionInProgressGross_lbl"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConstructionInProgressGross_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Construction-in-Progress</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ConstructionInProgressGross" xlink:to="us-gaap_ConstructionInProgressGross_lbl0"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConvertibleNotesPayable" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_ConvertibleNotesPayable"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConvertibleNotesPayable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Convertible notes payable &#8211; third parties, net</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ConvertibleNotesPayable" xlink:to="us-gaap_ConvertibleNotesPayable_lbl"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConvertibleNotesPayable_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Principal amount</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ConvertibleNotesPayable" xlink:to="us-gaap_ConvertibleNotesPayable_lbl0"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalCommonStock" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalCommonStock"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalCommonStock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Additional paid-in capital</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalCommonStock" xlink:to="us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalCommonStock_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInDueToRelatedParties" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInDueToRelatedParties"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInDueToRelatedParties_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Due to related parties</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInDueToRelatedParties" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInDueToRelatedParties_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesContinuingOperations" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesContinuingOperations"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesContinuingOperations_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Net cash used in operating activities</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesContinuingOperations" xlink:to="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesContinuingOperations_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_ProceedsFromSubsidiarysCommonStockSubscription" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_ProceedsFromSubsidiarysCommonStockSubscription"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_ProceedsFromSubsidiarysCommonStockSubscription_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Proceeds from subsidiary&#8217;s executive contribution</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_ProceedsFromSubsidiarysCommonStockSubscription" xlink:to="abvc_ProceedsFromSubsidiarysCommonStockSubscription_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivitiesContinuingOperations" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivitiesContinuingOperations"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivitiesContinuingOperations_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Net cash provided by financing activities</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivitiesContinuingOperations" xlink:to="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivitiesContinuingOperations_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_EffectOfExchangeRateChangeOnCashAndCashEquivalentsAndRestrictedCash" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_EffectOfExchangeRateChangeOnCashAndCashEquivalentsAndRestrictedCash"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_EffectOfExchangeRateChangeOnCashAndCashEquivalentsAndRestrictedCash_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_EffectOfExchangeRateChangeOnCashAndCashEquivalentsAndRestrictedCash" xlink:to="abvc_EffectOfExchangeRateChangeOnCashAndCashEquivalentsAndRestrictedCash_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_PurchaseOfPropertyAndEquipmentByIssuingCommonStockToAThirdParty" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_PurchaseOfPropertyAndEquipmentByIssuingCommonStockToAThirdParty"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_PurchaseOfPropertyAndEquipmentByIssuingCommonStockToAThirdParty_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Purchase of Property and equipment by issuing common stock to a third party</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_PurchaseOfPropertyAndEquipmentByIssuingCommonStockToAThirdParty" xlink:to="abvc_PurchaseOfPropertyAndEquipmentByIssuingCommonStockToAThirdParty_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_SignificantAccountingPoliciesTextBlock" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_SignificantAccountingPoliciesTextBlock"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_SignificantAccountingPoliciesTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_SignificantAccountingPoliciesTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_SignificantAccountingPoliciesTextBlock_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_ScheduleOfEstimatedUsefulLivesOfPropertyAndEquipmentNetTableTextBlock" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_ScheduleOfEstimatedUsefulLivesOfPropertyAndEquipmentNetTableTextBlock"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_ScheduleOfEstimatedUsefulLivesOfPropertyAndEquipmentNetTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of Estimated Useful Life</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_ScheduleOfEstimatedUsefulLivesOfPropertyAndEquipmentNetTableTextBlock" xlink:to="abvc_ScheduleOfEstimatedUsefulLivesOfPropertyAndEquipmentNetTableTextBlock_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Estimated Life</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife" xlink:to="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfSegmentReportingInformationBySegmentTextBlock" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfSegmentReportingInformationBySegmentTextBlock"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfSegmentReportingInformationBySegmentTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of Revenue and Gross Profit Information of our Reportable Segment</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfSegmentReportingInformationBySegmentTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfSegmentReportingInformationBySegmentTextBlock_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_ReconciliationOfOtherSignificantReconcilingItemsFromSegmentsToConsolidatedTextBlock" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_ReconciliationOfOtherSignificantReconcilingItemsFromSegmentsToConsolidatedTextBlock"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ReconciliationOfOtherSignificantReconcilingItemsFromSegmentsToConsolidatedTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of Reconciliation of Total Segment Gross Profit</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ReconciliationOfOtherSignificantReconcilingItemsFromSegmentsToConsolidatedTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_ReconciliationOfOtherSignificantReconcilingItemsFromSegmentsToConsolidatedTextBlock_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_LessAbstract" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_LessAbstract"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_LessAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Less:</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_LessAbstract" xlink:to="abvc_LessAbstract_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_AddLessAbstract" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_AddLessAbstract"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_AddLessAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Add (Less):</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_AddLessAbstract" xlink:to="abvc_AddLessAbstract_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_CollaborativeArrangementDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_CollaborativeArrangementDisclosureTextBlock"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_CollaborativeArrangementDisclosureTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">COLLABORATIVE AGREEMENTS</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CollaborativeArrangementDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_CollaborativeArrangementDisclosureTextBlock_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentDisclosureTextBlock"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentDisclosureTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT, AND PREPAMENT FOR ASSET ACQUISITION</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentDisclosureTextBlock_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTextBlock" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTextBlock"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of Property and Equipment</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTextBlock_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Property and equipment, gross</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross" xlink:to="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross_lbl"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Land with book value</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross" xlink:to="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross_lbl0"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_InvestmentTextBlock" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_InvestmentTextBlock"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_InvestmentTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">LONG-TERM INVESTMENTS</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_InvestmentTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_InvestmentTextBlock_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfOtherOwnershipInterestsTextBlock" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfOtherOwnershipInterestsTextBlock"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfOtherOwnershipInterestsTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of Ownership Percentages of Each Investee</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfOtherOwnershipInterestsTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfOtherOwnershipInterestsTextBlock_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Ownership percentage</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage" xlink:to="us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage_lbl"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Percentage of note fully converted</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage" xlink:to="us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/netLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Ownership Percentage</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage" xlink:to="us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage_lbl1"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentAdditionalInformation" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentAdditionalInformation"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentAdditionalInformation_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Accounting treatments</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentAdditionalInformation" xlink:to="us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentAdditionalInformation_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_ScheduleOfExtentTheInvesteeReliesTableTextBlock" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_ScheduleOfExtentTheInvesteeReliesTableTextBlock"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_ScheduleOfExtentTheInvesteeReliesTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of Extent the Investee Relies</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_ScheduleOfExtentTheInvesteeReliesTableTextBlock" xlink:to="abvc_ScheduleOfExtentTheInvesteeReliesTableTextBlock_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionDescriptionOfTransaction" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionDescriptionOfTransaction"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionDescriptionOfTransaction_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">The extent the investee relies on the Company for its business, description</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionDescriptionOfTransaction" xlink:to="us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionDescriptionOfTransaction_lbl"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionDescriptionOfTransaction_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Relationship with the Company and its subsidiaries</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionDescriptionOfTransaction" xlink:to="us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionDescriptionOfTransaction_lbl0"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_InvestmentTableTextBlock" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_InvestmentTableTextBlock"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_InvestmentTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of Long-Term Investment</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_InvestmentTableTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_InvestmentTableTextBlock_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_NonMarketableCostMethodInvestmentsNetAbstract" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_NonMarketableCostMethodInvestmentsNetAbstract"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_NonMarketableCostMethodInvestmentsNetAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Non-marketable Cost Method Investments, net</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_NonMarketableCostMethodInvestmentsNetAbstract" xlink:to="abvc_NonMarketableCostMethodInvestmentsNetAbstract_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesNoncurrent" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesNoncurrent"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesNoncurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Non-marketable Cost Method Investments, net</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesNoncurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesNoncurrent_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_EquityMethodInvestmentsNetAbstract" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_EquityMethodInvestmentsNetAbstract"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_EquityMethodInvestmentsNetAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Equity Method Investments, net</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_EquityMethodInvestmentsNetAbstract" xlink:to="abvc_EquityMethodInvestmentsNetAbstract_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="srt_ScheduleOfCondensedBalanceSheetTableTextBlock" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2025/elts/srt-2025.xsd#srt_ScheduleOfCondensedBalanceSheetTableTextBlock"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="srt_ScheduleOfCondensedBalanceSheetTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of Balance Sheets</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="srt_ScheduleOfCondensedBalanceSheetTableTextBlock" xlink:to="srt_ScheduleOfCondensedBalanceSheetTableTextBlock_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_AssetsNoncurrent" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_AssetsNoncurrent"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_AssetsNoncurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Non-current Assets</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AssetsNoncurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_AssetsNoncurrent_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesNoncurrent" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_LiabilitiesNoncurrent"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesNoncurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Non-current Liabilities</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LiabilitiesNoncurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_LiabilitiesNoncurrent_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="srt_CondensedStatementOfComprehensiveIncomeTableTextBlock" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2025/elts/srt-2025.xsd#srt_CondensedStatementOfComprehensiveIncomeTableTextBlock"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="srt_CondensedStatementOfComprehensiveIncomeTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of Statements of Operations</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="srt_CondensedStatementOfComprehensiveIncomeTableTextBlock" xlink:to="srt_CondensedStatementOfComprehensiveIncomeTableTextBlock_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeLossFromEquityMethodInvestments" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeLossFromEquityMethodInvestments"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeLossFromEquityMethodInvestments_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Share of losses from investments accounted for using the equity method</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeLossFromEquityMethodInvestments" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncomeLossFromEquityMethodInvestments_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentsTextBlock" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentsTextBlock"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentsTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of Components of Loss on Investment in Equity Securities</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentsTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentsTextBlock_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestments" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestments"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestments_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Share of equity method investee losses</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestments" xlink:to="us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestments_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_DebtDisclosureTextBlock"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtDisclosureTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">CONVERTIBLE NOTES PAYABLE</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DebtDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_DebtDisclosureTextBlock_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConvertibleDebtTableTextBlock" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_ConvertibleDebtTableTextBlock"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConvertibleDebtTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of Carrying Amounts of the Liability Component</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ConvertibleDebtTableTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_ConvertibleDebtTableTextBlock_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_DebtInstrumentIssuanceEntity" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_DebtInstrumentIssuanceEntity"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_DebtInstrumentIssuanceEntity_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Issuance Entity</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_DebtInstrumentIssuanceEntity" xlink:to="abvc_DebtInstrumentIssuanceEntity_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentIssuanceDate1" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_DebtInstrumentIssuanceDate1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentIssuanceDate1_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Issuance Date</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentIssuanceDate1" xlink:to="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentIssuanceDate1_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentMaturityDate" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_DebtInstrumentMaturityDate"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentMaturityDate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Maturity Date</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentMaturityDate" xlink:to="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentMaturityDate_lbl"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentMaturityDate_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Maturity date</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentMaturityDate" xlink:to="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentMaturityDate_lbl0"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentIssuedPrincipal" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_DebtInstrumentIssuedPrincipal"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentIssuedPrincipal_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Principal Amount at Issuance</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentIssuedPrincipal" xlink:to="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentIssuedPrincipal_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentInterestRateStatedPercentage" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_DebtInstrumentInterestRateStatedPercentage"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentInterestRateStatedPercentage_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Stated Interest Rate</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentInterestRateStatedPercentage" xlink:to="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentInterestRateStatedPercentage_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentInterestRateEffectivePercentage" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_DebtInstrumentInterestRateEffectivePercentage"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentInterestRateEffectivePercentage_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Effective Interest Rate</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentInterestRateEffectivePercentage" xlink:to="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentInterestRateEffectivePercentage_lbl"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentInterestRateEffectivePercentage_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Effective interest rate</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentInterestRateEffectivePercentage" xlink:to="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentInterestRateEffectivePercentage_lbl0"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentConvertibleConversionPrice1" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_DebtInstrumentConvertibleConversionPrice1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentConvertibleConversionPrice1_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Conversion Price (in Dollars per share)</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentConvertibleConversionPrice1" xlink:to="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentConvertibleConversionPrice1_lbl"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentConvertibleConversionPrice1_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Conversion price per share (in Dollars per share)</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentConvertibleConversionPrice1" xlink:to="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentConvertibleConversionPrice1_lbl0"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_DebtInstrumentCommonStockToBeConverted" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_DebtInstrumentCommonStockToBeConverted"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_DebtInstrumentCommonStockToBeConverted_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Common Stock to be converted</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_DebtInstrumentCommonStockToBeConverted" xlink:to="abvc_DebtInstrumentCommonStockToBeConverted_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_DebtInstrumentPrincipalAmountAtBalanceSheetDate" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_DebtInstrumentPrincipalAmountAtBalanceSheetDate"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_DebtInstrumentPrincipalAmountAtBalanceSheetDate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Principal Amount at Balance Sheet Date</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_DebtInstrumentPrincipalAmountAtBalanceSheetDate" xlink:to="abvc_DebtInstrumentPrincipalAmountAtBalanceSheetDate_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentUnamortizedDiscount" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_DebtInstrumentUnamortizedDiscount"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentUnamortizedDiscount_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Unamortized Discount</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentUnamortizedDiscount" xlink:to="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentUnamortizedDiscount_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_DebtInstrumentCarryingValue" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_DebtInstrumentCarryingValue"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_DebtInstrumentCarryingValue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Carrying Value</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_DebtInstrumentCarryingValue" xlink:to="abvc_DebtInstrumentCarryingValue_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentFairValue" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_DebtInstrumentFairValue"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentFairValue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Fair Value</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentFairValue" xlink:to="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentFairValue_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilitiesDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_AccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilitiesDisclosureTextBlock"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilitiesDisclosureTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilitiesDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilitiesDisclosureTextBlock_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilitiesTableTextBlock" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilitiesTableTextBlock"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilitiesTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilitiesTableTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilitiesTableTextBlock_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_AccruedResearchAndDevelopmentExpense" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_AccruedResearchAndDevelopmentExpense"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_AccruedResearchAndDevelopmentExpense_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Accrued research and development expense</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_AccruedResearchAndDevelopmentExpense" xlink:to="abvc_AccruedResearchAndDevelopmentExpense_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_AccruedDirectorAndOfficerCompensation" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_AccruedDirectorAndOfficerCompensation"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_AccruedDirectorAndOfficerCompensation_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Accrued directors and officers (owners) compensation</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_AccruedDirectorAndOfficerCompensation" xlink:to="abvc_AccruedDirectorAndOfficerCompensation_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccruedRoyaltiesCurrent" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_AccruedRoyaltiesCurrent"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccruedRoyaltiesCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Accrued royalties</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccruedRoyaltiesCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccruedRoyaltiesCurrent_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_EmployeeRelatedLiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_EmployeeRelatedLiabilitiesCurrent"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_EmployeeRelatedLiabilitiesCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Accrued compensation and employee benefits</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_EmployeeRelatedLiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_EmployeeRelatedLiabilitiesCurrent_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Others</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTextBlock" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTextBlock"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">SHORT-TERM LOANS</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTextBlock_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfShortTermDebtTextBlock" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfShortTermDebtTextBlock"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfShortTermDebtTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of Short-Term Loans</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfShortTermDebtTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfShortTermDebtTextBlock_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsDisclosureTextBlock"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsDisclosureTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">RELATED PARTIES TRANSACTIONS</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsDisclosureTextBlock_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfRelatedPartyTransactionsTableTextBlock" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfRelatedPartyTransactionsTableTextBlock"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfRelatedPartyTransactionsTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of Related Parties of the Company with whom Transactions</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfRelatedPartyTransactionsTableTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfRelatedPartyTransactionsTableTextBlock_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_ScheduleOfPursuantLicensingAgreementRelatedAmendmentTableTextBLock" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_ScheduleOfPursuantLicensingAgreementRelatedAmendmentTableTextBLock"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_ScheduleOfPursuantLicensingAgreementRelatedAmendmentTableTextBLock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of Licensing Agreement and Related Amendment with FEYE</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_ScheduleOfPursuantLicensingAgreementRelatedAmendmentTableTextBLock" xlink:to="abvc_ScheduleOfPursuantLicensingAgreementRelatedAmendmentTableTextBLock_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_ScheduleOfAccountsReceivableDueFromRelatedPartiesTableTextBlock" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_ScheduleOfAccountsReceivableDueFromRelatedPartiesTableTextBlock"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_ScheduleOfAccountsReceivableDueFromRelatedPartiesTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of Accounts Receivable Due from Related Parties</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_ScheduleOfAccountsReceivableDueFromRelatedPartiesTableTextBlock" xlink:to="abvc_ScheduleOfAccountsReceivableDueFromRelatedPartiesTableTextBlock_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_ScheduleOfDueFromRelatedPartyCurrentAndNonCurrentTableTextBlock" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_ScheduleOfDueFromRelatedPartyCurrentAndNonCurrentTableTextBlock"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_ScheduleOfDueFromRelatedPartyCurrentAndNonCurrentTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of Due from Related Party - Current and Non-current, Net</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_ScheduleOfDueFromRelatedPartyCurrentAndNonCurrentTableTextBlock" xlink:to="abvc_ScheduleOfDueFromRelatedPartyCurrentAndNonCurrentTableTextBlock_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherReceivableBeforeAllowanceForCreditLossNoncurrent" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_OtherReceivableBeforeAllowanceForCreditLossNoncurrent"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherReceivableBeforeAllowanceForCreditLossNoncurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Due from related parties- Non-current, net</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherReceivableBeforeAllowanceForCreditLossNoncurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherReceivableBeforeAllowanceForCreditLossNoncurrent_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_ScheduleOfAmountDueToRelatedPartiesTableTextBlock" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_ScheduleOfAmountDueToRelatedPartiesTableTextBlock"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_ScheduleOfAmountDueToRelatedPartiesTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of Amount Due to Related Parties</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_ScheduleOfAmountDueToRelatedPartiesTableTextBlock" xlink:to="abvc_ScheduleOfAmountDueToRelatedPartiesTableTextBlock_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureTextBlock"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">INCOME TAXES</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureTextBlock_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfComponentsOfIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitTableTextBlock" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfComponentsOfIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitTableTextBlock"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfComponentsOfIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of Income Tax (Benefit) Expense</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfComponentsOfIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitTableTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfComponentsOfIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitTableTextBlock_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_CurrentFederalStateAndLocalTaxExpenseBenefitAbstract" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_CurrentFederalStateAndLocalTaxExpenseBenefitAbstract"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_CurrentFederalStateAndLocalTaxExpenseBenefitAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Current:</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CurrentFederalStateAndLocalTaxExpenseBenefitAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_CurrentFederalStateAndLocalTaxExpenseBenefitAbstract_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_CurrentFederalTaxExpenseBenefit" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_CurrentFederalTaxExpenseBenefit"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_CurrentFederalTaxExpenseBenefit_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Federal</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CurrentFederalTaxExpenseBenefit" xlink:to="us-gaap_CurrentFederalTaxExpenseBenefit_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_CurrentStateAndLocalTaxExpenseBenefit" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_CurrentStateAndLocalTaxExpenseBenefit"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_CurrentStateAndLocalTaxExpenseBenefit_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">State</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CurrentStateAndLocalTaxExpenseBenefit" xlink:to="us-gaap_CurrentStateAndLocalTaxExpenseBenefit_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_CurrentForeignTaxExpenseBenefit" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_CurrentForeignTaxExpenseBenefit"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_CurrentForeignTaxExpenseBenefit_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Foreign</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CurrentForeignTaxExpenseBenefit" xlink:to="us-gaap_CurrentForeignTaxExpenseBenefit_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredFederalStateAndLocalTaxExpenseBenefitAbstract" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredFederalStateAndLocalTaxExpenseBenefitAbstract"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredFederalStateAndLocalTaxExpenseBenefitAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Deferred:</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DeferredFederalStateAndLocalTaxExpenseBenefitAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_DeferredFederalStateAndLocalTaxExpenseBenefitAbstract_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredFederalIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredFederalIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredFederalIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Federal</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DeferredFederalIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" xlink:to="us-gaap_DeferredFederalIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredStateAndLocalIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredStateAndLocalIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredStateAndLocalIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">State</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DeferredStateAndLocalIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" xlink:to="us-gaap_DeferredStateAndLocalIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredForeignIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredForeignIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredForeignIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Foreign</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DeferredForeignIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" xlink:to="us-gaap_DeferredForeignIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfDeferredTaxAssetsAndLiabilitiesTableTextBlock" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfDeferredTaxAssetsAndLiabilitiesTableTextBlock"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfDeferredTaxAssetsAndLiabilitiesTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets (Liability)</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfDeferredTaxAssetsAndLiabilitiesTableTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfDeferredTaxAssetsAndLiabilitiesTableTextBlock_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwardsForeign" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwardsForeign"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwardsForeign_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Net operating loss carryforwards</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwardsForeign" xlink:to="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwardsForeign_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsGross" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsGross"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsGross_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Deferred tax assets, Gross</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsGross" xlink:to="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsGross_lbl"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsGross_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Deferred tax assets, gross</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsGross" xlink:to="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsGross_lbl0"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockholdersEquityNoteDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_StockholdersEquityNoteDisclosureTextBlock"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockholdersEquityNoteDisclosureTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">EQUITY</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockholdersEquityNoteDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockholdersEquityNoteDisclosureTextBlock_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfStockholdersEquityNoteWarrantsOrRightsTextBlock" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfStockholdersEquityNoteWarrantsOrRightsTextBlock"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfStockholdersEquityNoteWarrantsOrRightsTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of Warrants Issued and Outstanding</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfStockholdersEquityNoteWarrantsOrRightsTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfStockholdersEquityNoteWarrantsOrRightsTextBlock_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerms" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerms"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerms_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Weighted- Average Contractual Life Remaining in Years, Outstanding ending</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerms" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerms_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsIssued" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsIssued"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsIssued_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Number of Underlying Shares, Issued (in Shares)</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsIssued" xlink:to="abvc_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsIssued_lbl"/>
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    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsIssued" xlink:to="abvc_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsIssued_lbl0"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsIssuedWeightedAverageExercisePrice" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsIssuedWeightedAverageExercisePrice"/>
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    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsIssuedWeightedAverageExercisePrice" xlink:to="abvc_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsIssuedWeightedAverageExercisePrice_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsIssuedWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsIssuedWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsIssuedWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Weighted- Average Contractual Life Remaining in Years, Issued</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsIssuedWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm" xlink:to="abvc_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsIssuedWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsIssuedIntrinsicValue" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsIssuedIntrinsicValue"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsIssuedIntrinsicValue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Aggregate Intrinsic Value, Issued (in Dollars)</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsIssuedIntrinsicValue" xlink:to="abvc_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsIssuedIntrinsicValue_lbl"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsIssuedIntrinsicValue_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Aggregate Intrinsic Value, Issued</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsIssuedIntrinsicValue" xlink:to="abvc_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsIssuedIntrinsicValue_lbl0"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsExercisedWeightedAverageExercisePrice" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsExercisedWeightedAverageExercisePrice"/>
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    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsExercisedWeightedAverageExercisePrice" xlink:to="abvc_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsExercisedWeightedAverageExercisePrice_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsExercisedWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsExercisedWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsExercisedWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Weighted- Average Contractual Life Remaining in Years, Exercised</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsExercisedWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm" xlink:to="abvc_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsExercisedWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsExercisedIntrinsicValue" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsExercisedIntrinsicValue"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsExercisedIntrinsicValue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Aggregate Intrinsic Value, Exercised (in Dollars)</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsExercisedIntrinsicValue" xlink:to="abvc_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsExercisedIntrinsicValue_lbl"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsExercisedIntrinsicValue_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Aggregate Intrinsic Value, Exercised</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsExercisedIntrinsicValue" xlink:to="abvc_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsExercisedIntrinsicValue_lbl0"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsShareBasedPaymentsTextBlock" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsShareBasedPaymentsTextBlock"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsShareBasedPaymentsTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">STOCK OPTIONS</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsShareBasedPaymentsTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsShareBasedPaymentsTextBlock_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationStockOptionsActivityTableTextBlock" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationStockOptionsActivityTableTextBlock"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationStockOptionsActivityTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of Options Issued and Outstanding</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationStockOptionsActivityTableTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationStockOptionsActivityTableTextBlock_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Weighted-Average Contractual Life Remaining in Years, Outstanding Ending</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2" xlink:to="us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Number of Underlying Shares, Granted</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross_lbl"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Stock option grant</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross_lbl0"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Weighted-Average Exercise Price Per Share, Granted</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice_lbl"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Exercise price per share (in Dollars per share)</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice_lbl0"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Weighted-Average Contractual Life Remaining in Years, Granted</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm" xlink:to="abvc_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantedIntrinsicValue" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantedIntrinsicValue"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantedIntrinsicValue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Aggregate Intrinsic Value, Granted</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantedIntrinsicValue" xlink:to="abvc_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantedIntrinsicValue_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresInPeriod" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresInPeriod"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresInPeriod_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Number of Underlying Shares, Forfeited</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresInPeriod" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresInPeriod_lbl"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresInPeriod_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Number of Underlying Shares, Forfeited</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresInPeriod" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresInPeriod_lbl0"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Weighted-Average Exercise Price Per Share, Forfeited</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeitedWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeitedWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeitedWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Weighted-Average Contractual Life Remaining in Years, Forfeited</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeitedWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm" xlink:to="abvc_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeitedWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeitedIntrinsicValue" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeitedIntrinsicValue"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeitedIntrinsicValue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Aggregate Intrinsic Value, Forfeited</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeitedIntrinsicValue" xlink:to="abvc_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeitedIntrinsicValue_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableNumber" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableNumber"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableNumber_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Number of Underlying Shares, Exercisable</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableNumber" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableNumber_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageExercisePrice" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageExercisePrice"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageExercisePrice_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Weighted-Average Exercise Price Per Share, Exercisable</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageExercisePrice" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageExercisePrice_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm1" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm1_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Weighted-Average Contractual Life Remaining in Years, Exercisable</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm1" xlink:to="us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm1_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableIntrinsicValue1" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableIntrinsicValue1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableIntrinsicValue1_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Aggregate Intrinsic Value, Exercisable</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableIntrinsicValue1" xlink:to="us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableIntrinsicValue1_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedAndExpectedToVestOutstandingNumber" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedAndExpectedToVestOutstandingNumber"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedAndExpectedToVestOutstandingNumber_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Number of Underlying Shares, Vested and expected to vest</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedAndExpectedToVestOutstandingNumber" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedAndExpectedToVestOutstandingNumber_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedAndExpectedToVestOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedAndExpectedToVestOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedAndExpectedToVestOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Weighted-Average Exercise Price Per Share, Vested and expected to vest</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedAndExpectedToVestOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedAndExpectedToVestOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedAndExpectedToVestOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm1" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedAndExpectedToVestOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedAndExpectedToVestOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm1_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Weighted-Average Contractual Life Remaining in Years, Vested and expected to vest</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedAndExpectedToVestOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm1" xlink:to="us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedAndExpectedToVestOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm1_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedAndExpectedToVestExercisableAggregateIntrinsicValue" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedAndExpectedToVestExercisableAggregateIntrinsicValue"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedAndExpectedToVestExercisableAggregateIntrinsicValue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Aggregate Intrinsic Value, Vested and expected to vest</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedAndExpectedToVestExercisableAggregateIntrinsicValue" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedAndExpectedToVestExercisableAggregateIntrinsicValue_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_EarningsPerShareTextBlock" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_EarningsPerShareTextBlock"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_EarningsPerShareTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">LOSS PER SHARE</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_EarningsPerShareTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_EarningsPerShareTextBlock_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfEarningsPerShareBasicAndDilutedTableTextBlock" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfEarningsPerShareBasicAndDilutedTableTextBlock"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfEarningsPerShareBasicAndDilutedTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of Loss Per Share</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfEarningsPerShareBasicAndDilutedTableTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfEarningsPerShareBasicAndDilutedTableTextBlock_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAvailableToCommonStockholdersBasicAbstract" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAvailableToCommonStockholdersBasicAbstract"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAvailableToCommonStockholdersBasicAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Numerator:</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAvailableToCommonStockholdersBasicAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAvailableToCommonStockholdersBasicAbstract_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingAbstract" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingAbstract"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Denominator:</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingAbstract_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeasesTextBlock" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeasesTextBlock"/>
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    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeasesTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeasesTextBlock_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLeaseIncomeTableTextBlock" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLeaseIncomeTableTextBlock"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLeaseIncomeTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of Operating Leases have Remaining Lease Terms</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLeaseIncomeTableTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLeaseIncomeTableTextBlock_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_LeaseCostTableTextBlock" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_LeaseCostTableTextBlock"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_LeaseCostTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of Company&#8217;s Lease Expenses</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LeaseCostTableTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_LeaseCostTableTextBlock_lbl"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_LeaseCostTableTextBlock_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of Lease</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LeaseCostTableTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_LeaseCostTableTextBlock_lbl0"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseExpense" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLeaseExpense"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseExpense_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Operating lease expenses</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseExpense" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseExpense_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLeaseIncomeLeasePayments" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLeaseIncomeLeasePayments"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLeaseIncomeLeasePayments_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of operating lease liabilities</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLeaseIncomeLeasePayments" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLeaseIncomeLeasePayments_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_WeightedAverageRemainingLeaseTermAbstract" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_WeightedAverageRemainingLeaseTermAbstract"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_WeightedAverageRemainingLeaseTermAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Weighted Average Remaining Lease Term:</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_WeightedAverageRemainingLeaseTermAbstract" xlink:to="abvc_WeightedAverageRemainingLeaseTermAbstract_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageRemainingLeaseTerm1" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageRemainingLeaseTerm1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageRemainingLeaseTerm1_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Operating leases</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageRemainingLeaseTerm1" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageRemainingLeaseTerm1_lbl"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageRemainingLeaseTerm1_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Operating leases Weighted Average Remaining Lease Term</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageRemainingLeaseTerm1" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageRemainingLeaseTerm1_lbl0"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_WeightedAverageDiscountRateAbstract" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_WeightedAverageDiscountRateAbstract"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_WeightedAverageDiscountRateAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Weighted Average Discount Rate:</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_WeightedAverageDiscountRateAbstract" xlink:to="abvc_WeightedAverageDiscountRateAbstract_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageDiscountRatePercent" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageDiscountRatePercent"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageDiscountRatePercent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Operating leases</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageDiscountRatePercent" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageDiscountRatePercent_lbl"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageDiscountRatePercent_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Operating leases Weighted Average Discount Rate</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageDiscountRatePercent" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageDiscountRatePercent_lbl0"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityMaturityTableTextBlock" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityMaturityTableTextBlock"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityMaturityTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of Minimum Future Annual Payments Under Non-Cancellable Leases</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityMaturityTableTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityMaturityTableTextBlock_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueNextTwelveMonths" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueNextTwelveMonths"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueNextTwelveMonths_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">2025</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueNextTwelveMonths" xlink:to="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueNextTwelveMonths_lbl"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueNextTwelveMonths_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">2026</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueNextTwelveMonths" xlink:to="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueNextTwelveMonths_lbl0"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearTwo" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearTwo"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearTwo_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">2026</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearTwo" xlink:to="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearTwo_lbl"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearTwo_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">2027</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearTwo" xlink:to="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearTwo_lbl0"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearThree" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearThree"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearThree_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">2027</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearThree" xlink:to="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearThree_lbl"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearThree_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">2028</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearThree" xlink:to="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearThree_lbl0"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearFour" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearFour"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearFour_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">2028</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearFour" xlink:to="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearFour_lbl"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearFour_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">2029</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearFour" xlink:to="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearFour_lbl0"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearFive" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearFive"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearFive_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">2029</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearFive" xlink:to="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearFive_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueAfterYearFive" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueAfterYearFive"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueAfterYearFive_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Thereafter</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueAfterYearFive" xlink:to="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueAfterYearFive_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiability" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiability"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiability_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Present value of future minimum lease payments</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiability" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiability_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingenciesDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingenciesDisclosureTextBlock"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingenciesDisclosureTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingenciesDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingenciesDisclosureTextBlock_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_AssetAcquisitionTextBlock" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_AssetAcquisitionTextBlock"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_AssetAcquisitionTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">ACQUISITION</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AssetAcquisitionTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_AssetAcquisitionTextBlock_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfRecognizedIdentifiedAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedTableTextBlock" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfRecognizedIdentifiedAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedTableTextBlock"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfRecognizedIdentifiedAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of Acquisition was Accounted for Business Combination</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfRecognizedIdentifiedAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedTableTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfRecognizedIdentifiedAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedTableTextBlock_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCashAndEquivalents" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCashAndEquivalents"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCashAndEquivalents_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Cash and cash equivalents</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCashAndEquivalents" xlink:to="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCashAndEquivalents_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedAssets" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedAssets"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedAssets_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Total assets acquired</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedAssets" xlink:to="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedAssets_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedAccruedExpenseAndOtherCurrentLiabilities" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedAccruedExpenseAndOtherCurrentLiabilities"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedAccruedExpenseAndOtherCurrentLiabilities_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Accrued expense</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedAccruedExpenseAndOtherCurrentLiabilities" xlink:to="abvc_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedAccruedExpenseAndOtherCurrentLiabilities_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedNet" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedNet"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedNet_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Total liabilities acquired</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedNet" xlink:to="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedNet_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredGoodwillAndLiabilitiesAssumedNet" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredGoodwillAndLiabilitiesAssumedNet"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredGoodwillAndLiabilitiesAssumedNet_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Total consideration (Intangible assets)</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredGoodwillAndLiabilitiesAssumedNet" xlink:to="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredGoodwillAndLiabilitiesAssumedNet_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_SubsequentEventsTextBlock" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_SubsequentEventsTextBlock"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_SubsequentEventsTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">SUBSEQUENT EVENTS</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_SubsequentEventsTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_SubsequentEventsTextBlock_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAvailableToCommonStockholdersBasic" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAvailableToCommonStockholdersBasic"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAvailableToCommonStockholdersBasic_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Net loss</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAvailableToCommonStockholdersBasic" xlink:to="us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAvailableToCommonStockholdersBasic_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_LessAbstract0" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_LessAbstract0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_LessAbstract0_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Less:</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_LessAbstract0" xlink:to="abvc_LessAbstract0_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Stock-based compensation</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense" xlink:to="us-gaap_AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense_lbl"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Stock-compensation expense</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense" xlink:to="us-gaap_AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/netLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Non-employee stock-based compensation expense</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense" xlink:to="us-gaap_AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense_lbl2" xml:lang="en-US">Share-based compensation expenses (in Dollars)</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense" xlink:to="us-gaap_AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense_lbl2"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_AddLessAbstract0" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_AddLessAbstract0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_AddLessAbstract0_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Add (Less):</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_AddLessAbstract0" xlink:to="abvc_AddLessAbstract0_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherInvestmentsAbstract" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_OtherInvestmentsAbstract"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherInvestmentsAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Non-marketable Cost Method Investments, net</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherInvestmentsAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherInvestmentsAbstract_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccruedSalariesCurrent" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_AccruedSalariesCurrent"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccruedSalariesCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Accrued directors and officers (owners) compensation</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccruedSalariesCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccruedSalariesCurrent_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_CashPortionOfTheLindNoteRepayments" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_CashPortionOfTheLindNoteRepayments"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_CashPortionOfTheLindNoteRepayments_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Cash portion of the Lind Note repayments</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_CashPortionOfTheLindNoteRepayments" xlink:to="abvc_CashPortionOfTheLindNoteRepayments_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_OtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Others</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_AssetsAbstract0" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_AssetsAbstract0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_AssetsAbstract0_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">ASSETS</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_AssetsAbstract0" xlink:to="abvc_AssetsAbstract0_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeasePayments" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLeasePayments"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeasePayments_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of operating lease liabilities</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingLeasePayments" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeasePayments_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_WeightedAverageRemainingLeaseTermAbstract0" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_WeightedAverageRemainingLeaseTermAbstract0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_WeightedAverageRemainingLeaseTermAbstract0_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Weighted Average Remaining Lease Term:</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_WeightedAverageRemainingLeaseTermAbstract0" xlink:to="abvc_WeightedAverageRemainingLeaseTermAbstract0_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_WeightedAverageDiscountRateAbstract0" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_WeightedAverageDiscountRateAbstract0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_WeightedAverageDiscountRateAbstract0_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Weighted Average Discount Rate:</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_WeightedAverageDiscountRateAbstract0" xlink:to="abvc_WeightedAverageDiscountRateAbstract0_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsRemainderOfFiscalYear" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsRemainderOfFiscalYear"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsRemainderOfFiscalYear_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">2025 (Excluding current period)</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsRemainderOfFiscalYear" xlink:to="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsRemainderOfFiscalYear_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_InterestExpense" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_InterestExpense"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_InterestExpense_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Interest expenses</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_InterestExpense" xlink:to="us-gaap_InterestExpense_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccumulatedDepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationPropertyPlantAndEquipment" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_AccumulatedDepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationPropertyPlantAndEquipment"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccumulatedDepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationPropertyPlantAndEquipment_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Less: accumulated depreciation</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccumulatedDepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationPropertyPlantAndEquipment" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccumulatedDepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationPropertyPlantAndEquipment_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherReceivableAllowanceForCreditLossNoncurrent" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_OtherReceivableAllowanceForCreditLossNoncurrent"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherReceivableAllowanceForCreditLossNoncurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Less: allowance for expected credit losses accounts</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherReceivableAllowanceForCreditLossNoncurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherReceivableAllowanceForCreditLossNoncurrent_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsOther" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsOther"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsOther_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Loss on impairment of Assets</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsOther" xlink:to="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsOther_lbl"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedTerseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsOther_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Loss on impairment of assets</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsOther" xlink:to="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsOther_lbl0"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_OperatingLeaseLiabilities" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_OperatingLeaseLiabilities"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="abvc_OperatingLeaseLiabilities_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Operating lease liabilities</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_OperatingLeaseLiabilities" xlink:to="abvc_OperatingLeaseLiabilities_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Valuation allowance</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance" xlink:to="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsExercised" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsExercised"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsExercised_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Number of Underlying Shares, Exercised (in Shares)</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsExercised" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsExercised_lbl"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedTerseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsExercised_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Number of Underlying Shares, Exercised</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsExercised" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsExercised_lbl0"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityUndiscountedExcessAmount" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityUndiscountedExcessAmount"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityUndiscountedExcessAmount_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Less: Imputed interest</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityUndiscountedExcessAmount" xlink:to="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityUndiscountedExcessAmount_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCurrentLiabilitiesLongTermDebt" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCurrentLiabilitiesLongTermDebt"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCurrentLiabilitiesLongTermDebt_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Due to Director</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCurrentLiabilitiesLongTermDebt" xlink:to="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCurrentLiabilitiesLongTermDebt_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_RepaymentsOfRelatedPartyDebt" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_RepaymentsOfRelatedPartyDebt"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_RepaymentsOfRelatedPartyDebt_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Due to related parties</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_RepaymentsOfRelatedPartyDebt" xlink:to="us-gaap_RepaymentsOfRelatedPartyDebt_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="srt_ScenarioPreviouslyReportedMember" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2025/elts/srt-2025.xsd#srt_ScenarioPreviouslyReportedMember"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="srt_ScenarioPreviouslyReportedMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">As Reported [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="srt_ScenarioPreviouslyReportedMember" xlink:to="srt_ScenarioPreviouslyReportedMember_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_BuildingImprovementsMember" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_BuildingImprovementsMember"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_BuildingImprovementsMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Buildings and leasehold improvements [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_BuildingImprovementsMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_BuildingImprovementsMember_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_MachineryAndEquipmentMember" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_MachineryAndEquipmentMember"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_MachineryAndEquipmentMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Machinery and equipment [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_MachineryAndEquipmentMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_MachineryAndEquipmentMember_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_OfficeEquipmentMember" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_OfficeEquipmentMember"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OfficeEquipmentMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Office equipment [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OfficeEquipmentMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_OfficeEquipmentMember_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="srt_MinimumMember" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2025/elts/srt-2025.xsd#srt_MinimumMember"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="srt_MinimumMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Minimum [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="srt_MinimumMember" xlink:to="srt_MinimumMember_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="srt_MaximumMember" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2025/elts/srt-2025.xsd#srt_MaximumMember"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="srt_MaximumMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Maximum [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="srt_MaximumMember" xlink:to="srt_MaximumMember_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_LandMember" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_LandMember"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_LandMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Land [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LandMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_LandMember_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_BuildingAndBuildingImprovementsMember" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_BuildingAndBuildingImprovementsMember"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_BuildingAndBuildingImprovementsMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Buildings and leasehold improvements [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_BuildingAndBuildingImprovementsMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_BuildingAndBuildingImprovementsMember_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_BraingenesisBiotechnologyCoLtdMember" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_BraingenesisBiotechnologyCoLtdMember"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_BraingenesisBiotechnologyCoLtdMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Braingenesis Biotechnology Co., Ltd. [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_BraingenesisBiotechnologyCoLtdMember" xlink:to="abvc_BraingenesisBiotechnologyCoLtdMember_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_GenepharmBiotechCorporationMember" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_GenepharmBiotechCorporationMember"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_GenepharmBiotechCorporationMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Genepharm Biotech Corporation [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_GenepharmBiotechCorporationMember" xlink:to="abvc_GenepharmBiotechCorporationMember_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_BioHopeKingCorporationMember" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_BioHopeKingCorporationMember"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_BioHopeKingCorporationMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">BioHopeKing Corporation [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_BioHopeKingCorporationMember" xlink:to="abvc_BioHopeKingCorporationMember_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_ForSeeConEyeCorporationMember" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_ForSeeConEyeCorporationMember"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_ForSeeConEyeCorporationMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">ForSeeCon Eye Corporation [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_ForSeeConEyeCorporationMember" xlink:to="abvc_ForSeeConEyeCorporationMember_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_BioFirstCorporationMember" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_BioFirstCorporationMember"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_BioFirstCorporationMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">BioFirst Corporation [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_BioFirstCorporationMember" xlink:to="abvc_BioFirstCorporationMember_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_OncoXBioPharmaIncMember" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_OncoXBioPharmaIncMember"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_OncoXBioPharmaIncMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">OncoX BioPharma, Inc. [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_OncoXBioPharmaIncMember" xlink:to="abvc_OncoXBioPharmaIncMember_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_RgeneCorporationMember" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_RgeneCorporationMember"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_RgeneCorporationMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Rgene Corporation [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_RgeneCorporationMember" xlink:to="abvc_RgeneCorporationMember_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_BioLiteJapanKKMember" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_BioLiteJapanKKMember"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_BioLiteJapanKKMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">BioLite Japan K.K. [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_BioLiteJapanKKMember" xlink:to="abvc_BioLiteJapanKKMember_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_BioLiteJapanKKBioLiteJPMember" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_BioLiteJapanKKBioLiteJPMember"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_BioLiteJapanKKBioLiteJPMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">BioLite Japan K.K. (BioLite JP) [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_BioLiteJapanKKBioLiteJPMember" xlink:to="abvc_BioLiteJapanKKBioLiteJPMember_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_BioFirstMember" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_BioFirstMember"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_BioFirstMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">BioFirst [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_BioFirstMember" xlink:to="abvc_BioFirstMember_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_RgeneMember" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_RgeneMember"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_RgeneMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Rgene [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_RgeneMember" xlink:to="abvc_RgeneMember_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_SecondLINDNoteMember" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_SecondLINDNoteMember"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_SecondLINDNoteMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">2nd LIND Note [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_SecondLINDNoteMember" xlink:to="abvc_SecondLINDNoteMember_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_ThirdLINDNoteMember" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_ThirdLINDNoteMember"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_ThirdLINDNoteMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">3rd LIND Note	[Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_ThirdLINDNoteMember" xlink:to="abvc_ThirdLINDNoteMember_lbl"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_ThirdLINDNoteMember_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">3rd LIND Note [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_ThirdLINDNoteMember" xlink:to="abvc_ThirdLINDNoteMember_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/netLabel" xlink:label="abvc_ThirdLINDNoteMember_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">3rd Lind Note [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_ThirdLINDNoteMember" xlink:to="abvc_ThirdLINDNoteMember_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_ThirdLINDNoteMember_lbl2" xml:lang="en-US">Third LIND Note [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_ThirdLINDNoteMember" xlink:to="abvc_ThirdLINDNoteMember_lbl2"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_OtherNoteMember" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_OtherNoteMember"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_OtherNoteMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Other Note [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_OtherNoteMember" xlink:to="abvc_OtherNoteMember_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_OtherNoteOneMember" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_OtherNoteOneMember"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_OtherNoteOneMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Other Note One [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_OtherNoteOneMember" xlink:to="abvc_OtherNoteOneMember_lbl"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_OtherNoteOneMember_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Other Note [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_OtherNoteOneMember" xlink:to="abvc_OtherNoteOneMember_lbl0"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_FirstLINDNoteMember" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_FirstLINDNoteMember"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_FirstLINDNoteMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">1st LIND Note [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_FirstLINDNoteMember" xlink:to="abvc_FirstLINDNoteMember_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_SecondLINDNoteOneMember" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_SecondLINDNoteOneMember"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_SecondLINDNoteOneMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Second LIND Note One [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_SecondLINDNoteOneMember" xlink:to="abvc_SecondLINDNoteOneMember_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_CathayUnitedBankMember" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_CathayUnitedBankMember"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_CathayUnitedBankMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Cathay United Bank [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_CathayUnitedBankMember" xlink:to="abvc_CathayUnitedBankMember_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_CTBCBankMember" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_CTBCBankMember"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_CTBCBankMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">CTBC Bank [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_CTBCBankMember" xlink:to="abvc_CTBCBankMember_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_OtherIndividualMember" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_OtherIndividualMember"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_OtherIndividualMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Other Individual [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_OtherIndividualMember" xlink:to="abvc_OtherIndividualMember_lbl"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_OtherIndividualMember_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Other individual [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_OtherIndividualMember" xlink:to="abvc_OtherIndividualMember_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/netLabel" xlink:label="abvc_OtherIndividualMember_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Other Individual &#8211; Third party [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_OtherIndividualMember" xlink:to="abvc_OtherIndividualMember_lbl1"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_BioFirstCorporationtheBioFirstMember" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_BioFirstCorporationtheBioFirstMember"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_BioFirstCorporationtheBioFirstMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">BioFirst Corporation (the &#8220;BioFirst&#8221;) [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_BioFirstCorporationtheBioFirstMember" xlink:to="abvc_BioFirstCorporationtheBioFirstMember_lbl"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_BioFirstCorporationtheBioFirstMember_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">BioFirst Corporation (the &quot;BioFirst&quot;) [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_BioFirstCorporationtheBioFirstMember" xlink:to="abvc_BioFirstCorporationtheBioFirstMember_lbl0"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_BioFirstAustraliaPtyLtdtheBioFirstAustraliaMember" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_BioFirstAustraliaPtyLtdtheBioFirstAustraliaMember"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_BioFirstAustraliaPtyLtdtheBioFirstAustraliaMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">BioFirst (Australia) Pty Ltd. (the &#8220;BioFirst (Australia)&#8221;) [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_BioFirstAustraliaPtyLtdtheBioFirstAustraliaMember" xlink:to="abvc_BioFirstAustraliaPtyLtdtheBioFirstAustraliaMember_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_RgeneCorporationtheRgeneMember" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_RgeneCorporationtheRgeneMember"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_RgeneCorporationtheRgeneMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Rgene Corporation (the &#8220;Rgene&#8221;) [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_RgeneCorporationtheRgeneMember" xlink:to="abvc_RgeneCorporationtheRgeneMember_lbl"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_RgeneCorporationtheRgeneMember_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Rgene Corporation [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_RgeneCorporationtheRgeneMember" xlink:to="abvc_RgeneCorporationtheRgeneMember_lbl0"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_GenePharmInctheGenePharmMember" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_GenePharmInctheGenePharmMember"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_GenePharmInctheGenePharmMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">GenePharm Inc. (the &#8220;GenePharm&#8221;) [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_GenePharmInctheGenePharmMember" xlink:to="abvc_GenePharmInctheGenePharmMember_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_TheJiangsOneMember" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_TheJiangsOneMember"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_TheJiangsOneMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">The Jiangs [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_TheJiangsOneMember" xlink:to="abvc_TheJiangsOneMember_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_BioLiteJapanMember" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_BioLiteJapanMember"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_BioLiteJapanMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">BioLite Japan [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_BioLiteJapanMember" xlink:to="abvc_BioLiteJapanMember_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_BioHopeKingCorporationBHKMember" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_BioHopeKingCorporationBHKMember"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_BioHopeKingCorporationBHKMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">BioHopeKing Corporation (&#8220;BHK&#8221;) [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_BioHopeKingCorporationBHKMember" xlink:to="abvc_BioHopeKingCorporationBHKMember_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_AiBtlHoldingBioPharmaIncAiBtlHoldingMember" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_AiBtlHoldingBioPharmaIncAiBtlHoldingMember"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_AiBtlHoldingBioPharmaIncAiBtlHoldingMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">AiBtl (Holding) BioPharma, Inc. (&#8220;AiBtl Holding&#8221;) [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_AiBtlHoldingBioPharmaIncAiBtlHoldingMember" xlink:to="abvc_AiBtlHoldingBioPharmaIncAiBtlHoldingMember_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_JaimesVargasRussmanMember" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_JaimesVargasRussmanMember"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_JaimesVargasRussmanMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Jaimes Vargas Russman [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_JaimesVargasRussmanMember" xlink:to="abvc_JaimesVargasRussmanMember_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_LionArtsPromotionIncMember" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_LionArtsPromotionIncMember"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_LionArtsPromotionIncMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Lion Arts Promotion, Inc. [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_LionArtsPromotionIncMember" xlink:to="abvc_LionArtsPromotionIncMember_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_OncoXMember" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_OncoXMember"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_OncoXMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">OncoX [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_OncoXMember" xlink:to="abvc_OncoXMember_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_FEYEMember" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_FEYEMember"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_FEYEMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">FEYE [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_FEYEMember" xlink:to="abvc_FEYEMember_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_LicensingAgreementMember" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_LicensingAgreementMember"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_LicensingAgreementMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Licensing Agreement [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_LicensingAgreementMember" xlink:to="abvc_LicensingAgreementMember_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_GenePharmIncMember" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_GenePharmIncMember"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_GenePharmIncMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">GenePharm Inc. [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_GenePharmIncMember" xlink:to="abvc_GenePharmIncMember_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_BioFirstAustraliaMember" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_BioFirstAustraliaMember"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_BioFirstAustraliaMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">BioFirst (Australia) [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_BioFirstAustraliaMember" xlink:to="abvc_BioFirstAustraliaMember_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_AiBtlHoldingMember" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_AiBtlHoldingMember"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_AiBtlHoldingMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">AiBtl Holding [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_AiBtlHoldingMember" xlink:to="abvc_AiBtlHoldingMember_lbl"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_AiBtlHoldingMember_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">AiBtl [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_AiBtlHoldingMember" xlink:to="abvc_AiBtlHoldingMember_lbl0"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_TheJiangsMember" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_TheJiangsMember"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_TheJiangsMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">The Jiangs [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_TheJiangsMember" xlink:to="abvc_TheJiangsMember_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_ShareholdersMember" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_ShareholdersMember"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_ShareholdersMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Shareholders [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_ShareholdersMember" xlink:to="abvc_ShareholdersMember_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_DirectorsMember" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_DirectorsMember"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_DirectorsMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Directors [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_DirectorsMember" xlink:to="abvc_DirectorsMember_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_CashPaidMember" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_CashPaidMember"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_CashPaidMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Cash Paid [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_CashPaidMember" xlink:to="abvc_CashPaidMember_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_AsRestatedMember" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_AsRestatedMember"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_AsRestatedMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">As restated [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_AsRestatedMember" xlink:to="abvc_AsRestatedMember_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_LionArtPromotionIncMember" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_LionArtPromotionIncMember"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_LionArtPromotionIncMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Lion Art Promotion Inc [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_LionArtPromotionIncMember" xlink:to="abvc_LionArtPromotionIncMember_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_WarrantMember" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_WarrantMember"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_WarrantMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Warrant [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_WarrantMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_WarrantMember_lbl"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_WarrantMember_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Warrants [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_WarrantMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_WarrantMember_lbl0"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="srt_OwnershipAxis" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2025/elts/srt-2025.xsd#srt_OwnershipAxis"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="srt_OwnershipAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Ownership [Axis]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="srt_OwnershipAxis" xlink:to="srt_OwnershipAxis_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Class of Stock [Axis]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfMalpracticeInsuranceTypeAndTierIdentifierAxis" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfMalpracticeInsuranceTypeAndTierIdentifierAxis"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfMalpracticeInsuranceTypeAndTierIdentifierAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Insurance Type and Tier Identifier [Axis]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfMalpracticeInsuranceTypeAndTierIdentifierAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfMalpracticeInsuranceTypeAndTierIdentifierAxis_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="srt_MajorCustomersAxis" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2025/elts/srt-2025.xsd#srt_MajorCustomersAxis"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="srt_MajorCustomersAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Customer [Axis]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="srt_MajorCustomersAxis" xlink:to="srt_MajorCustomersAxis_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Concentration Risk Benchmark [Axis]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Concentration Risk Type [Axis]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_GranteeStatusAxis" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_GranteeStatusAxis"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_GranteeStatusAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Grantee Status [Axis]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_GranteeStatusAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_GranteeStatusAxis_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="srt_StatementGeographicalAxis" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2025/elts/srt-2025.xsd#srt_StatementGeographicalAxis"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Geographical [Axis]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="srt_StatementGeographicalAxis" xlink:to="srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="srt_StatementScenarioAxis" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2025/elts/srt-2025.xsd#srt_StatementScenarioAxis"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="srt_StatementScenarioAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Scenario [Axis]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="srt_StatementScenarioAxis" xlink:to="srt_StatementScenarioAxis_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeAxis" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeAxis"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Subsequent Event Type [Axis]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeAxis_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="srt_TitleOfIndividualAxis" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2025/elts/srt-2025.xsd#srt_TitleOfIndividualAxis"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="srt_TitleOfIndividualAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Title and Position [Axis]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="srt_TitleOfIndividualAxis" xlink:to="srt_TitleOfIndividualAxis_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_PlanNameAxis" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_PlanNameAxis"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PlanNameAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Plan Name [Axis]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PlanNameAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_PlanNameAxis_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="srt_ProductOrServiceAxis" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2025/elts/srt-2025.xsd#srt_ProductOrServiceAxis"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="srt_ProductOrServiceAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Product and Service [Axis]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="srt_ProductOrServiceAxis" xlink:to="srt_ProductOrServiceAxis_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Sale of Stock [Axis]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_MinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_MinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_MinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Subsidiary ownership percentage</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_MinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent" xlink:to="us-gaap_MinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent_lbl"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_MinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Percentage of ownership</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_MinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent" xlink:to="us-gaap_MinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/netLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_MinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Ownership percentage</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_MinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent" xlink:to="us-gaap_MinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent_lbl1"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesOther" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesOther"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesOther_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Received shares (in Shares)</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesOther" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesOther_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_BenefitsReceivableForMilestoneAttained" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_BenefitsReceivableForMilestoneAttained"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_BenefitsReceivableForMilestoneAttained_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Eligible to receive amount (in Dollars)</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_BenefitsReceivableForMilestoneAttained" xlink:to="abvc_BenefitsReceivableForMilestoneAttained_lbl"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_BenefitsReceivableForMilestoneAttained_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Eligible to receive amount</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_BenefitsReceivableForMilestoneAttained" xlink:to="abvc_BenefitsReceivableForMilestoneAttained_lbl0"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_PercentageOfRoyaltiesEqualing" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_PercentageOfRoyaltiesEqualing"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_PercentageOfRoyaltiesEqualing_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Percentage of royalties equaling</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_PercentageOfRoyaltiesEqualing" xlink:to="abvc_PercentageOfRoyaltiesEqualing_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_AcquisitionForNetSales" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_AcquisitionForNetSales"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_AcquisitionForNetSales_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Net sales (in Dollars)</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_AcquisitionForNetSales" xlink:to="abvc_AcquisitionForNetSales_lbl"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_AcquisitionForNetSales_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Net sales on acquisition</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_AcquisitionForNetSales" xlink:to="abvc_AcquisitionForNetSales_lbl0"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_SubsidiaryOfLimitedLiabilityCompanyOrLimitedPartnershipState" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_SubsidiaryOfLimitedLiabilityCompanyOrLimitedPartnershipState"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_SubsidiaryOfLimitedLiabilityCompanyOrLimitedPartnershipState_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Incorporated state</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_SubsidiaryOfLimitedLiabilityCompanyOrLimitedPartnershipState" xlink:to="us-gaap_SubsidiaryOfLimitedLiabilityCompanyOrLimitedPartnershipState_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_SubsidiaryOfLimitedLiabilityCompanyOrLimitedPartnershipOwnershipInterest" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_SubsidiaryOfLimitedLiabilityCompanyOrLimitedPartnershipOwnershipInterest"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_SubsidiaryOfLimitedLiabilityCompanyOrLimitedPartnershipOwnershipInterest_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Ownership percentage</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_SubsidiaryOfLimitedLiabilityCompanyOrLimitedPartnershipOwnershipInterest" xlink:to="us-gaap_SubsidiaryOfLimitedLiabilityCompanyOrLimitedPartnershipOwnershipInterest_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_WorkingCapitalDeficit" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_WorkingCapitalDeficit"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_WorkingCapitalDeficit_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Working capital deficit</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_WorkingCapitalDeficit" xlink:to="abvc_WorkingCapitalDeficit_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_SharesIssuedPricePerShare" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_SharesIssuedPricePerShare"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_SharesIssuedPricePerShare_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Shares issued per share (in Dollars per share)</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_SharesIssuedPricePerShare" xlink:to="us-gaap_SharesIssuedPricePerShare_lbl"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_SharesIssuedPricePerShare_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Price per share (in Dollars per share)</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_SharesIssuedPricePerShare" xlink:to="us-gaap_SharesIssuedPricePerShare_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/netLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_SharesIssuedPricePerShare_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Per share of common stock (in Dollars per share)</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_SharesIssuedPricePerShare" xlink:to="us-gaap_SharesIssuedPricePerShare_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_SharesIssuedPricePerShare_lbl2" xml:lang="en-US">Price per share</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_SharesIssuedPricePerShare" xlink:to="us-gaap_SharesIssuedPricePerShare_lbl2"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_RealEstateOwnedValuationAllowance" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_RealEstateOwnedValuationAllowance"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_RealEstateOwnedValuationAllowance_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Valuation amount</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_RealEstateOwnedValuationAllowance" xlink:to="us-gaap_RealEstateOwnedValuationAllowance_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesAcquisitions" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesAcquisitions"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesAcquisitions_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Number of shares issued for asset acquisition (in Shares)</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesAcquisitions" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesAcquisitions_lbl"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesAcquisitions_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Acquisition shares (in Shares)</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesAcquisitions" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesAcquisitions_lbl0"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAuthorized" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAuthorized"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAuthorized_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Shares of common stock issued (in Shares)</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAuthorized" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAuthorized_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpenseNetOfTax" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpenseNetOfTax"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpenseNetOfTax_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Stock-compensation expense</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpenseNetOfTax" xlink:to="us-gaap_AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpenseNetOfTax_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_InterestExpenseOther" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_InterestExpenseOther"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_InterestExpenseOther_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Interest expenses</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_InterestExpenseOther" xlink:to="us-gaap_InterestExpenseOther_lbl"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_InterestExpenseOther_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Interest expense other</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_InterestExpenseOther" xlink:to="us-gaap_InterestExpenseOther_lbl0"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockSplits" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockSplits"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockSplits_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Share issued for post split (in Shares)</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockSplits" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockSplits_lbl"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockSplits_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Shares issued (in Shares)</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockSplits" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockSplits_lbl0"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_StockBasedExpensesAmortizationPeriod" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_StockBasedExpensesAmortizationPeriod"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_StockBasedExpensesAmortizationPeriod_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Stock-based expenses amortization period</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_StockBasedExpensesAmortizationPeriod" xlink:to="abvc_StockBasedExpensesAmortizationPeriod_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockholdersEquityNoteSubscriptionsReceivable" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_StockholdersEquityNoteSubscriptionsReceivable"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockholdersEquityNoteSubscriptionsReceivable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Stock subscription receivables</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockholdersEquityNoteSubscriptionsReceivable" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockholdersEquityNoteSubscriptionsReceivable_lbl"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockholdersEquityNoteSubscriptionsReceivable_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Stock subscription receivables (in Dollars)</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockholdersEquityNoteSubscriptionsReceivable" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockholdersEquityNoteSubscriptionsReceivable_lbl0"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_InvestmentCompanyExcessExpenseReimbursable" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_InvestmentCompanyExcessExpenseReimbursable"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_InvestmentCompanyExcessExpenseReimbursable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Cash investments limit</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_InvestmentCompanyExcessExpenseReimbursable" xlink:to="us-gaap_InvestmentCompanyExcessExpenseReimbursable_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskPercentage1" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskPercentage1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Concentration of clients rate</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskPercentage1" xlink:to="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Cash and cash equivalents</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue" xlink:to="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivable" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivable"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Allowance for expected credit losses accounts</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivable" xlink:to="us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivable_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_LaborPensionFundPerMonth" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_LaborPensionFundPerMonth"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_LaborPensionFundPerMonth_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Labor pension fund per month</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_LaborPensionFundPerMonth" xlink:to="abvc_LaborPensionFundPerMonth_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_DefinedContributionPlanEmployerMatchingContributionPercent" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_DefinedContributionPlanEmployerMatchingContributionPercent"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_DefinedContributionPlanEmployerMatchingContributionPercent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Monthly contribution of employees salaries</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DefinedContributionPlanEmployerMatchingContributionPercent" xlink:to="us-gaap_DefinedContributionPlanEmployerMatchingContributionPercent_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccruedEmployeeBenefitsCurrentAndNoncurrent" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_AccruedEmployeeBenefitsCurrentAndNoncurrent"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccruedEmployeeBenefitsCurrentAndNoncurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Employee stock-based compensation expenses</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccruedEmployeeBenefitsCurrentAndNoncurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccruedEmployeeBenefitsCurrentAndNoncurrent_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_EmployeeBenefitsAndShareBasedCompensation" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_EmployeeBenefitsAndShareBasedCompensation"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_EmployeeBenefitsAndShareBasedCompensation_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Employee stock-based compensation expense</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_EmployeeBenefitsAndShareBasedCompensation" xlink:to="us-gaap_EmployeeBenefitsAndShareBasedCompensation_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanServiceCost" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanServiceCost"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanServiceCost_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Consulting services for rent</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanServiceCost" xlink:to="us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanServiceCost_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_DefinedBenefitPlanFundedPercentages" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_DefinedBenefitPlanFundedPercentages"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_DefinedBenefitPlanFundedPercentages_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Tax benefit percentage</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_DefinedBenefitPlanFundedPercentages" xlink:to="abvc_DefinedBenefitPlanFundedPercentages_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_NumberOfReportableSegments" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_NumberOfReportableSegments"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_NumberOfReportableSegments_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Reportable segment</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_NumberOfReportableSegments" xlink:to="us-gaap_NumberOfReportableSegments_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProvisionForOtherCreditLosses" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_ProvisionForOtherCreditLosses"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProvisionForOtherCreditLosses_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Provision credit loss</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ProvisionForOtherCreditLosses" xlink:to="us-gaap_ProvisionForOtherCreditLosses_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_RestrictedCash" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_RestrictedCash"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_RestrictedCash_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Restricted cash (in New Dollars)</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_RestrictedCash" xlink:to="us-gaap_RestrictedCash_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_LongTermPurchaseCommitmentMilestones" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_LongTermPurchaseCommitmentMilestones"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_LongTermPurchaseCommitmentMilestones_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Description of collaborative agreements</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LongTermPurchaseCommitmentMilestones" xlink:to="us-gaap_LongTermPurchaseCommitmentMilestones_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_NonrefundableUpfrontCashPayment" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_NonrefundableUpfrontCashPayment"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_NonrefundableUpfrontCashPayment_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Non-refundable upfront cash payment</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_NonrefundableUpfrontCashPayment" xlink:to="abvc_NonrefundableUpfrontCashPayment_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_PercentageOfPaymentsUnderCodevelopmentAgreement" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_PercentageOfPaymentsUnderCodevelopmentAgreement"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_PercentageOfPaymentsUnderCodevelopmentAgreement_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Data and development percentage</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_PercentageOfPaymentsUnderCodevelopmentAgreement" xlink:to="abvc_PercentageOfPaymentsUnderCodevelopmentAgreement_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_IssuanceOfStockValue" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_IssuanceOfStockValue"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_IssuanceOfStockValue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Total cash amount</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_IssuanceOfStockValue" xlink:to="abvc_IssuanceOfStockValue_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_CostOfGoodsAndServicesSold" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_CostOfGoodsAndServicesSold"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_CostOfGoodsAndServicesSold_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Licensing rights</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CostOfGoodsAndServicesSold" xlink:to="us-gaap_CostOfGoodsAndServicesSold_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_MilestonePaymentsRoyaltyPercentage" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_MilestonePaymentsRoyaltyPercentage"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_MilestonePaymentsRoyaltyPercentage_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Royalty percentage</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_MilestonePaymentsRoyaltyPercentage" xlink:to="abvc_MilestonePaymentsRoyaltyPercentage_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerIncludingAssessedTax" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerIncludingAssessedTax"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerIncludingAssessedTax_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Total cash</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerIncludingAssessedTax" xlink:to="us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerIncludingAssessedTax_lbl"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerIncludingAssessedTax_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Loan amount</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerIncludingAssessedTax" xlink:to="us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerIncludingAssessedTax_lbl0"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_NetSalesProfitPercentage" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_NetSalesProfitPercentage"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_NetSalesProfitPercentage_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Net sales profit, percentage</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_NetSalesProfitPercentage" xlink:to="abvc_NetSalesProfitPercentage_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_PaymentsForParticipationLiabilities" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_PaymentsForParticipationLiabilities"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_PaymentsForParticipationLiabilities_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Cash amount</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PaymentsForParticipationLiabilities" xlink:to="us-gaap_PaymentsForParticipationLiabilities_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_AdditionCashPayment" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_AdditionCashPayment"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_AdditionCashPayment_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Addition cash payment</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_AdditionCashPayment" xlink:to="abvc_AdditionCashPayment_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_Cash" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_Cash"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_Cash_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Cash received</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_Cash" xlink:to="us-gaap_Cash_lbl"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_Cash_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Cash of purchase agreements (in Dollars)</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_Cash" xlink:to="us-gaap_Cash_lbl0"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_EquityMethodLongTermInvestment" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_EquityMethodLongTermInvestment"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_EquityMethodLongTermInvestment_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Equity method long term investment (in Shares)</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_EquityMethodLongTermInvestment" xlink:to="abvc_EquityMethodLongTermInvestment_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_ServiceAgreementEligibilityAmount" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_ServiceAgreementEligibilityAmount"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_ServiceAgreementEligibilityAmount_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Service agreement eligibility amount</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_ServiceAgreementEligibilityAmount" xlink:to="abvc_ServiceAgreementEligibilityAmount_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_MilestoneRegulatoryPaymentAmountPeriod" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_MilestoneRegulatoryPaymentAmountPeriod"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_MilestoneRegulatoryPaymentAmountPeriod_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Milestone regulatory payment amount period</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_MilestoneRegulatoryPaymentAmountPeriod" xlink:to="abvc_MilestoneRegulatoryPaymentAmountPeriod_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_LoansPayable" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_LoansPayable"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_LoansPayable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Loan amount</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LoansPayable" xlink:to="us-gaap_LoansPayable_lbl"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_LoansPayable_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Loan repaid</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LoansPayable" xlink:to="us-gaap_LoansPayable_lbl0"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_WorkingCapitalConvertibleLoanPercentage" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_WorkingCapitalConvertibleLoanPercentage"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_WorkingCapitalConvertibleLoanPercentage_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Percentage of working capital convertible loan</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_WorkingCapitalConvertibleLoanPercentage" xlink:to="abvc_WorkingCapitalConvertibleLoanPercentage_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_PreferredStockConvertibleConversionPrice" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_PreferredStockConvertibleConversionPrice"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_PreferredStockConvertibleConversionPrice_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Fixed conversion price equal (in Dollars per share)</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PreferredStockConvertibleConversionPrice" xlink:to="us-gaap_PreferredStockConvertibleConversionPrice_lbl"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_PreferredStockConvertibleConversionPrice_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Conversion price (in Dollars per share)</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PreferredStockConvertibleConversionPrice" xlink:to="us-gaap_PreferredStockConvertibleConversionPrice_lbl0"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_EquityMethodInvestmentsOwnershipPercentage" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_EquityMethodInvestmentsOwnershipPercentage"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_EquityMethodInvestmentsOwnershipPercentage_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Ownership percentage</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_EquityMethodInvestmentsOwnershipPercentage" xlink:to="abvc_EquityMethodInvestmentsOwnershipPercentage_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherResearchAndDevelopmentExpense" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_OtherResearchAndDevelopmentExpense"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherResearchAndDevelopmentExpense_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Research and development expense</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherResearchAndDevelopmentExpense" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherResearchAndDevelopmentExpense_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationAsset1" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationAsset1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationAsset1_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Common stock consideration</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationAsset1" xlink:to="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationAsset1_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_TaxesAndLicenses" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_TaxesAndLicenses"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_TaxesAndLicenses_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Licensing fee</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_TaxesAndLicenses" xlink:to="us-gaap_TaxesAndLicenses_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_PrepaymentFeesOnAdvancesNet" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_PrepaymentFeesOnAdvancesNet"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_PrepaymentFeesOnAdvancesNet_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Upfront payment</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PrepaymentFeesOnAdvancesNet" xlink:to="us-gaap_PrepaymentFeesOnAdvancesNet_lbl"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_PrepaymentFeesOnAdvancesNet_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Prepayment amount</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PrepaymentFeesOnAdvancesNet" xlink:to="us-gaap_PrepaymentFeesOnAdvancesNet_lbl0"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_SharesIssued" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_SharesIssued"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_SharesIssued_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Shares paid (in Shares)</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_SharesIssued" xlink:to="us-gaap_SharesIssued_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_SaleOfStockPricePerShare" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_SaleOfStockPricePerShare"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_SaleOfStockPricePerShare_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">FEYE stock (in Dollars per share)</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_SaleOfStockPricePerShare" xlink:to="us-gaap_SaleOfStockPricePerShare_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_MilestoneRegulatoryPaymentAmount" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_MilestoneRegulatoryPaymentAmount"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_MilestoneRegulatoryPaymentAmount_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Milestone regulatory payment amount</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_MilestoneRegulatoryPaymentAmount" xlink:to="abvc_MilestoneRegulatoryPaymentAmount_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_RoyaltiesPercentage" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_RoyaltiesPercentage"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_RoyaltiesPercentage_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Percentage of royalties of net sales</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_RoyaltiesPercentage" xlink:to="abvc_RoyaltiesPercentage_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_ReceivedShares" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_ReceivedShares"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_ReceivedShares_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Shares received (in Shares)</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_ReceivedShares" xlink:to="abvc_ReceivedShares_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_LicensingAgreement" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_LicensingAgreement"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_LicensingAgreement_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Licensing agreement</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_LicensingAgreement" xlink:to="abvc_LicensingAgreement_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityNoncurrent" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityNoncurrent"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityNoncurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Recognized revenue</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityNoncurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityNoncurrent_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_ConsiderationPaidForAgreement" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_ConsiderationPaidForAgreement"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_ConsiderationPaidForAgreement_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Consideration paid</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_ConsiderationPaidForAgreement" xlink:to="abvc_ConsiderationPaidForAgreement_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_AdditionalMilestonePaymentInCash" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_AdditionalMilestonePaymentInCash"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_AdditionalMilestonePaymentInCash_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Additional milestone payment in cash</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_AdditionalMilestonePaymentInCash" xlink:to="abvc_AdditionalMilestonePaymentInCash_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredRevenueRevenueRecognized1" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredRevenueRevenueRecognized1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredRevenueRevenueRecognized1_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Recognized revenue</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DeferredRevenueRevenueRecognized1" xlink:to="us-gaap_DeferredRevenueRevenueRecognized1_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_NumberOfSharesReceived" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_NumberOfSharesReceived"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_NumberOfSharesReceived_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Number of shares received (in Shares)</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_NumberOfSharesReceived" xlink:to="abvc_NumberOfSharesReceived_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_PercentageOfDevelopAndCommercialize" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_PercentageOfDevelopAndCommercialize"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_PercentageOfDevelopAndCommercialize_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Percentage of develop and commercialize</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_PercentageOfDevelopAndCommercialize" xlink:to="abvc_PercentageOfDevelopAndCommercialize_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_LicensingFees" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_LicensingFees"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_LicensingFees_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Licensing fees</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_LicensingFees" xlink:to="abvc_LicensingFees_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConvertibleDebt" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_ConvertibleDebt"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConvertibleDebt_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Convertible loan</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ConvertibleDebt" xlink:to="us-gaap_ConvertibleDebt_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_SaleOfStockPercentageOfOwnershipAfterTransaction" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_SaleOfStockPercentageOfOwnershipAfterTransaction"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_SaleOfStockPercentageOfOwnershipAfterTransaction_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Ownership percentage</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_SaleOfStockPercentageOfOwnershipAfterTransaction" xlink:to="us-gaap_SaleOfStockPercentageOfOwnershipAfterTransaction_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsPropertyPlantAndEquipment" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsPropertyPlantAndEquipment"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsPropertyPlantAndEquipment_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Valuation of property</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsPropertyPlantAndEquipment" xlink:to="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsPropertyPlantAndEquipment_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockCapitalSharesReservedForFutureIssuance" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_CommonStockCapitalSharesReservedForFutureIssuance"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockCapitalSharesReservedForFutureIssuance_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Aggregate shares (in Shares)</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CommonStockCapitalSharesReservedForFutureIssuance" xlink:to="us-gaap_CommonStockCapitalSharesReservedForFutureIssuance_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_SharePrice" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_SharePrice"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_SharePrice_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Share price (in Dollars per share)</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_SharePrice" xlink:to="us-gaap_SharePrice_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_LandAndLandImprovements" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_LandAndLandImprovements"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_LandAndLandImprovements_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Land with book value</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LandAndLandImprovements" xlink:to="us-gaap_LandAndLandImprovements_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueAcquisitions" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueAcquisitions"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueAcquisitions_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Acquisition value</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueAcquisitions" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueAcquisitions_lbl"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueAcquisitions_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Aggregate amount</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueAcquisitions" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueAcquisitions_lbl0"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_PercentageCommonStocksShares" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_PercentageCommonStocksShares"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_PercentageCommonStocksShares_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Percentage of common stock shares</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_PercentageCommonStocksShares" xlink:to="abvc_PercentageCommonStocksShares_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConversionOfStockSharesConverted1" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_ConversionOfStockSharesConverted1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConversionOfStockSharesConverted1_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Converted shares</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ConversionOfStockSharesConverted1" xlink:to="us-gaap_ConversionOfStockSharesConverted1_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_InvestmentOwnedBalanceShares" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_InvestmentOwnedBalanceShares"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_InvestmentOwnedBalanceShares_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Owned shares</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_InvestmentOwnedBalanceShares" xlink:to="us-gaap_InvestmentOwnedBalanceShares_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireInterestInJointVenture" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireInterestInJointVenture"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireInterestInJointVenture_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Payment to joint venture</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireInterestInJointVenture" xlink:to="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireInterestInJointVenture_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentConvertibleIfConvertedValueInExcessOfPrincipal" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_DebtInstrumentConvertibleIfConvertedValueInExcessOfPrincipal"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentConvertibleIfConvertedValueInExcessOfPrincipal_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Principal amount</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentConvertibleIfConvertedValueInExcessOfPrincipal" xlink:to="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentConvertibleIfConvertedValueInExcessOfPrincipal_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_PaymentsForPreviousAcquisition" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_PaymentsForPreviousAcquisition"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_PaymentsForPreviousAcquisition_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Purchase price</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PaymentsForPreviousAcquisition" xlink:to="us-gaap_PaymentsForPreviousAcquisition_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockConvertibleConversionPriceIncrease" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_CommonStockConvertibleConversionPriceIncrease"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockConvertibleConversionPriceIncrease_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Common stock at an initial conversion price (in Dollars per share)</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CommonStockConvertibleConversionPriceIncrease" xlink:to="us-gaap_CommonStockConvertibleConversionPriceIncrease_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightExercisePriceOfWarrantsOrRights1" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightExercisePriceOfWarrantsOrRights1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightExercisePriceOfWarrantsOrRights1_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Initial exercise price (in Dollars per share)</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightExercisePriceOfWarrantsOrRights1" xlink:to="us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightExercisePriceOfWarrantsOrRights1_lbl"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightExercisePriceOfWarrantsOrRights1_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Exercise price (in Dollars per share)</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightExercisePriceOfWarrantsOrRights1" xlink:to="us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightExercisePriceOfWarrantsOrRights1_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/netLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightExercisePriceOfWarrantsOrRights1_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Warrant exercise price current</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightExercisePriceOfWarrantsOrRights1" xlink:to="us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightExercisePriceOfWarrantsOrRights1_lbl1"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueAdjustmentOfWarrants" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_FairValueAdjustmentOfWarrants"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueAdjustmentOfWarrants_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Fair value of warrants</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_FairValueAdjustmentOfWarrants" xlink:to="us-gaap_FairValueAdjustmentOfWarrants_lbl"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueAdjustmentOfWarrants_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Fair value of the warrants (in Dollars)</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_FairValueAdjustmentOfWarrants" xlink:to="us-gaap_FairValueAdjustmentOfWarrants_lbl0"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_OutstandingBalanceAmount" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_OutstandingBalanceAmount"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_OutstandingBalanceAmount_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Outstanding amount</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_OutstandingBalanceAmount" xlink:to="abvc_OutstandingBalanceAmount_lbl"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_OutstandingBalanceAmount_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Outstanding balance amount</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_OutstandingBalanceAmount" xlink:to="abvc_OutstandingBalanceAmount_lbl0"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_PercentageOfAverageAmount" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_PercentageOfAverageAmount"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_PercentageOfAverageAmount_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Percentage of average amount</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_PercentageOfAverageAmount" xlink:to="abvc_PercentageOfAverageAmount_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_PercentageOfCashPermium" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_PercentageOfCashPermium"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_PercentageOfCashPermium_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Percentage of cash premium</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_PercentageOfCashPermium" xlink:to="abvc_PercentageOfCashPermium_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_PercentageOfOutstandingPrincipalAmount" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_PercentageOfOutstandingPrincipalAmount"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_PercentageOfOutstandingPrincipalAmount_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Percentage of outstanding principal amount</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_PercentageOfOutstandingPrincipalAmount" xlink:to="abvc_PercentageOfOutstandingPrincipalAmount_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_GeneralPartnersCapitalAccount" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_GeneralPartnersCapitalAccount"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_GeneralPartnersCapitalAccount_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Market capitalization</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_GeneralPartnersCapitalAccount" xlink:to="us-gaap_GeneralPartnersCapitalAccount_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_WarrantExercisePriceIncrease" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_WarrantExercisePriceIncrease"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_WarrantExercisePriceIncrease_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Warrant exercise price (in Dollars per share)</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_WarrantExercisePriceIncrease" xlink:to="us-gaap_WarrantExercisePriceIncrease_lbl"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_WarrantExercisePriceIncrease_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Warrants exercise price per share (in Dollars per share)</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_WarrantExercisePriceIncrease" xlink:to="us-gaap_WarrantExercisePriceIncrease_lbl0"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_ReceivableWithImputedInterestFaceAmount" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_ReceivableWithImputedInterestFaceAmount"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ReceivableWithImputedInterestFaceAmount_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Convertible note in principal amount</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ReceivableWithImputedInterestFaceAmount" xlink:to="us-gaap_ReceivableWithImputedInterestFaceAmount_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentRedemptionPricePercentageOfPrincipalAmountRedeemed" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_DebtInstrumentRedemptionPricePercentageOfPrincipalAmountRedeemed"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentRedemptionPricePercentageOfPrincipalAmountRedeemed_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Percentage of principal amount</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentRedemptionPricePercentageOfPrincipalAmountRedeemed" xlink:to="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentRedemptionPricePercentageOfPrincipalAmountRedeemed_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredCompensationArrangementWithIndividualExercisePrice" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredCompensationArrangementWithIndividualExercisePrice"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredCompensationArrangementWithIndividualExercisePrice_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Exercise price (in Dollars per share)</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DeferredCompensationArrangementWithIndividualExercisePrice" xlink:to="us-gaap_DeferredCompensationArrangementWithIndividualExercisePrice_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_PurchaseWarrantTerm" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_PurchaseWarrantTerm"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_PurchaseWarrantTerm_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Purchase warrant term</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_PurchaseWarrantTerm" xlink:to="abvc_PurchaseWarrantTerm_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_PurchasePriceAmount" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_PurchasePriceAmount"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_PurchasePriceAmount_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Purchase price amount</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_PurchasePriceAmount" xlink:to="abvc_PurchasePriceAmount_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_PaymentsForRepurchaseOfWarrants" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_PaymentsForRepurchaseOfWarrants"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_PaymentsForRepurchaseOfWarrants_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Purchase warrant to purchase</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PaymentsForRepurchaseOfWarrants" xlink:to="us-gaap_PaymentsForRepurchaseOfWarrants_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_DebtInstrumentOutstandingPrincipal" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_DebtInstrumentOutstandingPrincipal"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_DebtInstrumentOutstandingPrincipal_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Outstanding principal</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_DebtInstrumentOutstandingPrincipal" xlink:to="abvc_DebtInstrumentOutstandingPrincipal_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtConversionConvertedInstrumentWarrantsOrOptionsIssued1" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_DebtConversionConvertedInstrumentWarrantsOrOptionsIssued1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtConversionConvertedInstrumentWarrantsOrOptionsIssued1_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Warrants issued (in Shares)</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DebtConversionConvertedInstrumentWarrantsOrOptionsIssued1" xlink:to="us-gaap_DebtConversionConvertedInstrumentWarrantsOrOptionsIssued1_lbl"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtConversionConvertedInstrumentWarrantsOrOptionsIssued1_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Warrants issued</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DebtConversionConvertedInstrumentWarrantsOrOptionsIssued1" xlink:to="us-gaap_DebtConversionConvertedInstrumentWarrantsOrOptionsIssued1_lbl0"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_WarrantExercisePriceDecrease" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_WarrantExercisePriceDecrease"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_WarrantExercisePriceDecrease_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Warrant exercise reduced (in Dollars per share)</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_WarrantExercisePriceDecrease" xlink:to="us-gaap_WarrantExercisePriceDecrease_lbl"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_WarrantExercisePriceDecrease_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Initial exercise price per share (in Dollars per share)</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_WarrantExercisePriceDecrease" xlink:to="us-gaap_WarrantExercisePriceDecrease_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/netLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_WarrantExercisePriceDecrease_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Warrant exercise price decrease</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_WarrantExercisePriceDecrease" xlink:to="us-gaap_WarrantExercisePriceDecrease_lbl1"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_ConsiderationAmount" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_ConsiderationAmount"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_ConsiderationAmount_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Total consideration</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_ConsiderationAmount" xlink:to="abvc_ConsiderationAmount_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentTerm" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_DebtInstrumentTerm"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentTerm_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Maturity term period</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentTerm" xlink:to="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentTerm_lbl"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentTerm_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Debt instrument term</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentTerm" xlink:to="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentTerm_lbl0"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_PercentageOfAnnualDiscountRate" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_PercentageOfAnnualDiscountRate"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_PercentageOfAnnualDiscountRate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Percentage of annual discount rate</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_PercentageOfAnnualDiscountRate" xlink:to="abvc_PercentageOfAnnualDiscountRate_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShortTermDebtPercentageBearingFixedInterestRate" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_ShortTermDebtPercentageBearingFixedInterestRate"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShortTermDebtPercentageBearingFixedInterestRate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Bearing interest rate</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShortTermDebtPercentageBearingFixedInterestRate" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShortTermDebtPercentageBearingFixedInterestRate_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfDebt" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfDebt"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfDebt_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Issuance of debt</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfDebt" xlink:to="us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfDebt_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_AmortizationOfDebtDiscountPremium" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_AmortizationOfDebtDiscountPremium"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_AmortizationOfDebtDiscountPremium_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Debit discount</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AmortizationOfDebtDiscountPremium" xlink:to="us-gaap_AmortizationOfDebtDiscountPremium_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_InterestExpenseDebt" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_InterestExpenseDebt"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_InterestExpenseDebt_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Interest expense</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_InterestExpenseDebt" xlink:to="us-gaap_InterestExpenseDebt_lbl"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_InterestExpenseDebt_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Interest expenses for loan</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_InterestExpenseDebt" xlink:to="us-gaap_InterestExpenseDebt_lbl0"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_TradingDays" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_TradingDays"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_TradingDays_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Trading days</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_TradingDays" xlink:to="abvc_TradingDays_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_ConsecutiveDays" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_ConsecutiveDays"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_ConsecutiveDays_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Consecutive days</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_ConsecutiveDays" xlink:to="abvc_ConsecutiveDays_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfSecuritiesCalledByWarrantsOrRights" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfSecuritiesCalledByWarrantsOrRights"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfSecuritiesCalledByWarrantsOrRights_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Purchase of warrant (in Shares)</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfSecuritiesCalledByWarrantsOrRights" xlink:to="us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfSecuritiesCalledByWarrantsOrRights_lbl"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfSecuritiesCalledByWarrantsOrRights_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Warrant to purchase</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfSecuritiesCalledByWarrantsOrRights" xlink:to="us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfSecuritiesCalledByWarrantsOrRights_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/netLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfSecuritiesCalledByWarrantsOrRights_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Warrants to purchase</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfSecuritiesCalledByWarrantsOrRights" xlink:to="us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfSecuritiesCalledByWarrantsOrRights_lbl1"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Credit limit amount</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity" xlink:to="us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccountsPayableInterestBearingInterestRate" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_AccountsPayableInterestBearingInterestRate"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccountsPayableInterestBearingInterestRate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Interest rate of loan</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccountsPayableInterestBearingInterestRate" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccountsPayableInterestBearingInterestRate_lbl"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccountsPayableInterestBearingInterestRate_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Loans bear interest rate</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccountsPayableInterestBearingInterestRate" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccountsPayableInterestBearingInterestRate_lbl0"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_InterestExpenseShortTermBorrowings" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_InterestExpenseShortTermBorrowings"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_InterestExpenseShortTermBorrowings_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Interest expenses</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_InterestExpenseShortTermBorrowings" xlink:to="us-gaap_InterestExpenseShortTermBorrowings_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_PercentageOfInterestBearingDomesticDepositsToDepositsSavings" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_PercentageOfInterestBearingDomesticDepositsToDepositsSavings"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_PercentageOfInterestBearingDomesticDepositsToDepositsSavings_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Money deposited in a savings account</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PercentageOfInterestBearingDomesticDepositsToDepositsSavings" xlink:to="us-gaap_PercentageOfInterestBearingDomesticDepositsToDepositsSavings_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShortTermDebtPercentageBearingVariableInterestRate" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_ShortTermDebtPercentageBearingVariableInterestRate"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShortTermDebtPercentageBearingVariableInterestRate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Percentage of bears interest rate</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShortTermDebtPercentageBearingVariableInterestRate" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShortTermDebtPercentageBearingVariableInterestRate_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_ShortTermDebtMaturityDate" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_ShortTermDebtMaturityDate"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_ShortTermDebtMaturityDate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Maturity date</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_ShortTermDebtMaturityDate" xlink:to="abvc_ShortTermDebtMaturityDate_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityRevenueRecognized" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityRevenueRecognized"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityRevenueRecognized_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Licensing agreement</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityRevenueRecognized" xlink:to="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityRevenueRecognized_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionAmountsOfTransaction" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionAmountsOfTransaction"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionAmountsOfTransaction_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Outstanding balance amount</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionAmountsOfTransaction" xlink:to="us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionAmountsOfTransaction_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentAnnualPrincipalPayment" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_DebtInstrumentAnnualPrincipalPayment"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentAnnualPrincipalPayment_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Principal amount</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentAnnualPrincipalPayment" xlink:to="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentAnnualPrincipalPayment_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_WorkingCapitalPercentage" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_WorkingCapitalPercentage"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_WorkingCapitalPercentage_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Percentage of working capital</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_WorkingCapitalPercentage" xlink:to="abvc_WorkingCapitalPercentage_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentConvertibleThresholdPercentageOfStockPriceTrigger" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_DebtInstrumentConvertibleThresholdPercentageOfStockPriceTrigger"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentConvertibleThresholdPercentageOfStockPriceTrigger_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Discount of the stock price percentage</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentConvertibleThresholdPercentageOfStockPriceTrigger" xlink:to="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentConvertibleThresholdPercentageOfStockPriceTrigger_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_PrincipalAmountOutstandingOnLoansSecuritized" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_PrincipalAmountOutstandingOnLoansSecuritized"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_PrincipalAmountOutstandingOnLoansSecuritized_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Outstanding loan balance</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PrincipalAmountOutstandingOnLoansSecuritized" xlink:to="us-gaap_PrincipalAmountOutstandingOnLoansSecuritized_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_DepositLiabilitiesAccruedInterest" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_DepositLiabilitiesAccruedInterest"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_DepositLiabilitiesAccruedInterest_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Accrued interest amount</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DepositLiabilitiesAccruedInterest" xlink:to="us-gaap_DepositLiabilitiesAccruedInterest_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherReceivables" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_OtherReceivables"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherReceivables_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Other receivables</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherReceivables" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherReceivables_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentFaceAmount" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_DebtInstrumentFaceAmount"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentFaceAmount_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Principal amount</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentFaceAmount" xlink:to="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentFaceAmount_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentIncreaseAccruedInterest" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_DebtInstrumentIncreaseAccruedInterest"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentIncreaseAccruedInterest_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Accrued interest</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentIncreaseAccruedInterest" xlink:to="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentIncreaseAccruedInterest_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_RepaymentsOfDebt" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_RepaymentsOfDebt"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_RepaymentsOfDebt_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Repayments amount</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_RepaymentsOfDebt" xlink:to="us-gaap_RepaymentsOfDebt_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionDate" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionDate"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionDate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Maturity date</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionDate" xlink:to="us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionDate_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionRate" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionRate"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionRate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Percentage of mature</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionRate" xlink:to="us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionRate_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_LoanAgreementAmount" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_LoanAgreementAmount"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_LoanAgreementAmount_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Loan agreement amount</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_LoanAgreementAmount" xlink:to="abvc_LoanAgreementAmount_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNet" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNet"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNet_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Credit losses</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNet" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNet_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentInterestRateTerms" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_DebtInstrumentInterestRateTerms"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentInterestRateTerms_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Loan agreement, description</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentInterestRateTerms" xlink:to="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentInterestRateTerms_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_RecognizedCreditLosses" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_RecognizedCreditLosses"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_RecognizedCreditLosses_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Recognized credit losses</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_RecognizedCreditLosses" xlink:to="abvc_RecognizedCreditLosses_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_OutstandingPrincipalAmount" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_OutstandingPrincipalAmount"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_OutstandingPrincipalAmount_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Principal amount</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_OutstandingPrincipalAmount" xlink:to="abvc_OutstandingPrincipalAmount_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_PercentageOfWorkingCapital" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_PercentageOfWorkingCapital"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_PercentageOfWorkingCapital_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Percentage of working capital</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_PercentageOfWorkingCapital" xlink:to="abvc_PercentageOfWorkingCapital_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_SaleOfStockNumberOfSharesIssuedInTransaction" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_SaleOfStockNumberOfSharesIssuedInTransaction"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_SaleOfStockNumberOfSharesIssuedInTransaction_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Sale of shares</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_SaleOfStockNumberOfSharesIssuedInTransaction" xlink:to="us-gaap_SaleOfStockNumberOfSharesIssuedInTransaction_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfSecuritiesCalledByEachWarrantOrRight" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfSecuritiesCalledByEachWarrantOrRight"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfSecuritiesCalledByEachWarrantOrRight_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Shares exercised</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfSecuritiesCalledByEachWarrantOrRight" xlink:to="us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfSecuritiesCalledByEachWarrantOrRight_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_AggregateCommonStockShares" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_AggregateCommonStockShares"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_AggregateCommonStockShares_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Aggregate common stock</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_AggregateCommonStockShares" xlink:to="abvc_AggregateCommonStockShares_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAvailableForGrant" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAvailableForGrant"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAvailableForGrant_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Granted restricted shares</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAvailableForGrant" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAvailableForGrant_lbl"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAvailableForGrant_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Granted options to purchase</label>
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    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_AssetConsiderationCommonStock" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_AssetConsiderationCommonStock"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_AssetConsiderationCommonStock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Asset consideration common stock</label>
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    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_OutstandingLiabilityOwnedAmount" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_OutstandingLiabilityOwnedAmount"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_OutstandingLiabilityOwnedAmount_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Outstanding liability owned (in Dollars)</label>
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    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_AverageIssuancePricePerShare" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_AverageIssuancePricePerShare"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_AverageIssuancePricePerShare_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Average issuance price per share (in Dollars per share)</label>
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    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_PaymentsForRent" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_PaymentsForRent"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_PaymentsForRent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Rent payable (in Dollars)</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PaymentsForRent" xlink:to="us-gaap_PaymentsForRent_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_CommonStockSharesIssuedForRent" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_CommonStockSharesIssuedForRent"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_CommonStockSharesIssuedForRent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Number of shares issued for rent</label>
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    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_NonControllingInterestConsiderationShare" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_NonControllingInterestConsiderationShare"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_NonControllingInterestConsiderationShare_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Non-controlling interest consideration share</label>
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    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_MinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByNoncontrollingOwners" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_MinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByNoncontrollingOwners"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_MinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByNoncontrollingOwners_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Percentage of subsidiary interest in noncontrolling interests</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_MinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByNoncontrollingOwners" xlink:to="us-gaap_MinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByNoncontrollingOwners_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_ConsultingFee" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_ConsultingFee"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_ConsultingFee_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Consulting fee (in Dollars)</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_ConsultingFee" xlink:to="abvc_ConsultingFee_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_Land" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_Land"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_Land_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Land (in Dollars)</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_Land" xlink:to="us-gaap_Land_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_StockIssueDuringPeriodCommonShares" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_StockIssueDuringPeriodCommonShares"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_StockIssueDuringPeriodCommonShares_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Stock issue during period common shares</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_StockIssueDuringPeriodCommonShares" xlink:to="abvc_StockIssueDuringPeriodCommonShares_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_CreditDerivativeTerm1" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_CreditDerivativeTerm1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_CreditDerivativeTerm1_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Warrant term</label>
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    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProceedsFromRepaymentOfLoansToPurchaseCommonStock" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_ProceedsFromRepaymentOfLoansToPurchaseCommonStock"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProceedsFromRepaymentOfLoansToPurchaseCommonStock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Repayment of principal of 2nd lind note (in Dollars)</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ProceedsFromRepaymentOfLoansToPurchaseCommonStock" xlink:to="us-gaap_ProceedsFromRepaymentOfLoansToPurchaseCommonStock_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConversionOfStockSharesIssued1" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_ConversionOfStockSharesIssued1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConversionOfStockSharesIssued1_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Number of shares issued on conversion</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ConversionOfStockSharesIssued1" xlink:to="us-gaap_ConversionOfStockSharesIssued1_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Exercised shares</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised_lbl"/>
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    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsNonvestedNumberOfShares" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsNonvestedNumberOfShares"/>
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    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_SharesReceived" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_SharesReceived"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_SharesReceived_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Shares received (in Shares)</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_SharesReceived" xlink:to="abvc_SharesReceived_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_royaltiesPercentage" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_royaltiesPercentage"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_royaltiesPercentage_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Royalty percentage</label>
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    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtConversionOriginalDebtAmount1" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_DebtConversionOriginalDebtAmount1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtConversionOriginalDebtAmount1_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Principal amount of converted debt</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DebtConversionOriginalDebtAmount1" xlink:to="us-gaap_DebtConversionOriginalDebtAmount1_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtConversionConvertedInstrumentSharesIssued1" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_DebtConversionConvertedInstrumentSharesIssued1"/>
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    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DebtConversionConvertedInstrumentSharesIssued1" xlink:to="us-gaap_DebtConversionConvertedInstrumentSharesIssued1_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_UnregisteredPricePerShares" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_UnregisteredPricePerShares"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_UnregisteredPricePerShares_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Unregistered price per shares</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_UnregisteredPricePerShares" xlink:to="abvc_UnregisteredPricePerShares_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfPrivatePlacement" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfPrivatePlacement"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfPrivatePlacement_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Capital raised by private offering</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfPrivatePlacement" xlink:to="us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfPrivatePlacement_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProceedsFromContributedCapital" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_ProceedsFromContributedCapital"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProceedsFromContributedCapital_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Capital raised</label>
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    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_BasisOfAccountingPolicyPolicyTextBlock" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_BasisOfAccountingPolicyPolicyTextBlock"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_BasisOfAccountingPolicyPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Basis of Presentation</label>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_PriorPeriodReclassificationAdjustmentDescription_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Reclassifications</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PriorPeriodReclassificationAdjustmentDescription" xlink:to="us-gaap_PriorPeriodReclassificationAdjustmentDescription_lbl"/>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_UseOfEstimates_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Use of Estimates</label>
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    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_StockReverseSplitPolicyTextBlock" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_StockReverseSplitPolicyTextBlock"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_StockReverseSplitPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Stock Reverse Split</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_StockReverseSplitPolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="abvc_StockReverseSplitPolicyTextBlock_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementPolicyPolicyTextBlock" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementPolicyPolicyTextBlock"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementPolicyPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Fair Value Measurements</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementPolicyPolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementPolicyPolicyTextBlock_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskCreditRisk" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskCreditRisk"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskCreditRisk_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Concentration of Credit Risk</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskCreditRisk" xlink:to="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskCreditRisk_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_ConcentrationOfClientsPolicyTextBlock" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_ConcentrationOfClientsPolicyTextBlock"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_ConcentrationOfClientsPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Concentration of Clients</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_ConcentrationOfClientsPolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="abvc_ConcentrationOfClientsPolicyTextBlock_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsPolicyTextBlock" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsPolicyTextBlock"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Cash and Cash Equivalents</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsPolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsPolicyTextBlock_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsPolicy" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsPolicy"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsPolicy_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Restricted Cash</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsPolicy" xlink:to="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsPolicy_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_TradeAndOtherAccountsReceivablePolicy" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_TradeAndOtherAccountsReceivablePolicy"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_TradeAndOtherAccountsReceivablePolicy_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Accounts receivable and allowance for expected credit losses accounts</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_TradeAndOtherAccountsReceivablePolicy" xlink:to="us-gaap_TradeAndOtherAccountsReceivablePolicy_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerPolicyTextBlock" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerPolicyTextBlock"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Revenue Recognition</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerPolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerPolicyTextBlock_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentPolicyTextBlock" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentPolicyTextBlock"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Property and Equipment, net</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentPolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentPolicyTextBlock_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_ImpairmentOrDisposalOfLongLivedAssetsPolicyTextBlock" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_ImpairmentOrDisposalOfLongLivedAssetsPolicyTextBlock"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ImpairmentOrDisposalOfLongLivedAssetsPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Impairment of Long-Lived Assets</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ImpairmentOrDisposalOfLongLivedAssetsPolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_ImpairmentOrDisposalOfLongLivedAssetsPolicyTextBlock_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentsPolicy" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentsPolicy"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentsPolicy_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Long-term Equity Investment</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentsPolicy" xlink:to="us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentsPolicy_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_OtherThanTemporaryImpairmentPolicyTextBlock" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_OtherThanTemporaryImpairmentPolicyTextBlock"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_OtherThanTemporaryImpairmentPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Other-Than-Temporary Impairment</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_OtherThanTemporaryImpairmentPolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="abvc_OtherThanTemporaryImpairmentPolicyTextBlock_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_ConvertibleNotesPayablePolicyTextBlock" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_ConvertibleNotesPayablePolicyTextBlock"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_ConvertibleNotesPayablePolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Convertible Notes Payable</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_ConvertibleNotesPayablePolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="abvc_ConvertibleNotesPayablePolicyTextBlock_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_DerivativesPolicyTextBlock" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_DerivativesPolicyTextBlock"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_DerivativesPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Warrants</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DerivativesPolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_DerivativesPolicyTextBlock_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpensePolicy" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpensePolicy"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpensePolicy_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Research and Development Expenses</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpensePolicy" xlink:to="us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpensePolicy_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_PostemploymentBenefitPlansPolicy" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_PostemploymentBenefitPlansPolicy"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_PostemploymentBenefitPlansPolicy_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Post-retirement and post-employment benefits</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PostemploymentBenefitPlansPolicy" xlink:to="us-gaap_PostemploymentBenefitPlansPolicy_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationOptionAndIncentivePlansPolicy" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationOptionAndIncentivePlansPolicy"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationOptionAndIncentivePlansPolicy_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Stock-based Compensation</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationOptionAndIncentivePlansPolicy" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationOptionAndIncentivePlansPolicy_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxPolicyTextBlock" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeTaxPolicyTextBlock"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Income Taxes</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeTaxPolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncomeTaxPolicyTextBlock_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_ValuationOfDeferredTaxAssetsPolicyTextBlock" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_ValuationOfDeferredTaxAssetsPolicyTextBlock"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_ValuationOfDeferredTaxAssetsPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Valuation of Deferred Tax Assets</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_ValuationOfDeferredTaxAssetsPolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="abvc_ValuationOfDeferredTaxAssetsPolicyTextBlock_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_EarningsPerSharePolicyTextBlock" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_EarningsPerSharePolicyTextBlock"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_EarningsPerSharePolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Loss Per Share of Common Stock</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_EarningsPerSharePolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_EarningsPerSharePolicyTextBlock_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingenciesPolicyTextBlock" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingenciesPolicyTextBlock"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingenciesPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Commitments and Contingencies</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingenciesPolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingenciesPolicyTextBlock_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionsAndTranslationsPolicyTextBlock" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionsAndTranslationsPolicyTextBlock"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionsAndTranslationsPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Foreign-currency Transactions</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionsAndTranslationsPolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionsAndTranslationsPolicyTextBlock_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_SegmentReportingPolicyPolicyTextBlock" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_SegmentReportingPolicyPolicyTextBlock"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_SegmentReportingPolicyPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Segment Reporting</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_SegmentReportingPolicyPolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_SegmentReportingPolicyPolicyTextBlock_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_NewAccountingPronouncementsPolicyPolicyTextBlock" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_NewAccountingPronouncementsPolicyPolicyTextBlock"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_NewAccountingPronouncementsPolicyPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Recent Accounting Pronouncements</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_NewAccountingPronouncementsPolicyPolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_NewAccountingPronouncementsPolicyPolicyTextBlock_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_BioLiteBVIIncMember" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_BioLiteBVIIncMember"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_BioLiteBVIIncMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">BioLite BVI, Inc. [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_BioLiteBVIIncMember" xlink:to="abvc_BioLiteBVIIncMember_lbl"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_BioLiteBVIIncMember_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">BioLite BVI Inc [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_BioLiteBVIIncMember" xlink:to="abvc_BioLiteBVIIncMember_lbl0"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_BioLiteTaiwanMember" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_BioLiteTaiwanMember"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_BioLiteTaiwanMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">BioLite Taiwan [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_BioLiteTaiwanMember" xlink:to="abvc_BioLiteTaiwanMember_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_ShulingJiangMember" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_ShulingJiangMember"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_ShulingJiangMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Shuling Jiang [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_ShulingJiangMember" xlink:to="abvc_ShulingJiangMember_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_ABVCMember" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_ABVCMember"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_ABVCMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">ABVC [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_ABVCMember" xlink:to="abvc_ABVCMember_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_ABVCAndBioLiteTaiwanMember" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_ABVCAndBioLiteTaiwanMember"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_ABVCAndBioLiteTaiwanMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">ABVC and BioLite Taiwan [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_ABVCAndBioLiteTaiwanMember" xlink:to="abvc_ABVCAndBioLiteTaiwanMember_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_ZhongHuiLianHeJiTuanLtdMember" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_ZhongHuiLianHeJiTuanLtdMember"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_ZhongHuiLianHeJiTuanLtdMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Zhong Hui Lian He Ji Tuan, Ltd. [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_ZhongHuiLianHeJiTuanLtdMember" xlink:to="abvc_ZhongHuiLianHeJiTuanLtdMember_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_ZhonghuiMember" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_ZhonghuiMember"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_ZhonghuiMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Zhonghui [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_ZhonghuiMember" xlink:to="abvc_ZhonghuiMember_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_AiBtlBioPharmaIncMember" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_AiBtlBioPharmaIncMember"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_AiBtlBioPharmaIncMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">AiBtl BioPharma, Inc [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_AiBtlBioPharmaIncMember" xlink:to="abvc_AiBtlBioPharmaIncMember_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_PostSplitMember" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_PostSplitMember"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_PostSplitMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Post-Split [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_PostSplitMember" xlink:to="abvc_PostSplitMember_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_TaiwanCentralDepositInsuranceCorporationMember" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_TaiwanCentralDepositInsuranceCorporationMember"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_TaiwanCentralDepositInsuranceCorporationMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Taiwan Central Deposit Insurance Corporation [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_TaiwanCentralDepositInsuranceCorporationMember" xlink:to="abvc_TaiwanCentralDepositInsuranceCorporationMember_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_USFederalDepositInsuranceCorporationMember" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_USFederalDepositInsuranceCorporationMember"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_USFederalDepositInsuranceCorporationMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">U.S. Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_USFederalDepositInsuranceCorporationMember" xlink:to="abvc_USFederalDepositInsuranceCorporationMember_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_ClientMember" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_ClientMember"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_ClientMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Client [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_ClientMember" xlink:to="abvc_ClientMember_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccountsReceivableMember" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_AccountsReceivableMember"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccountsReceivableMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Accounts Receivable [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccountsReceivableMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccountsReceivableMember_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_CustomerConcentrationRiskMember" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_CustomerConcentrationRiskMember"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Customer Concentration Risk [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CustomerConcentrationRiskMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_SalesRevenueNetMember" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_SalesRevenueNetMember"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_SalesRevenueNetMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Revenue Benchmark [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_SalesRevenueNetMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_SalesRevenueNetMember_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_TwoClientMember" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_TwoClientMember"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_TwoClientMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Two Client [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_TwoClientMember" xlink:to="abvc_TwoClientMember_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_PostretirementAndPostemploymentBenefitsMember" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_PostretirementAndPostemploymentBenefitsMember"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_PostretirementAndPostemploymentBenefitsMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Post-retirement and post-employment benefits [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_PostretirementAndPostemploymentBenefitsMember" xlink:to="abvc_PostretirementAndPostemploymentBenefitsMember_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedPaymentArrangementEmployeeMember" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedPaymentArrangementEmployeeMember"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedPaymentArrangementEmployeeMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Employee [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedPaymentArrangementEmployeeMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedPaymentArrangementEmployeeMember_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedPaymentArrangementNonemployeeMember" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedPaymentArrangementNonemployeeMember"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedPaymentArrangementNonemployeeMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Nonemployee [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedPaymentArrangementNonemployeeMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedPaymentArrangementNonemployeeMember_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_BHKCoDevelopmentAgreementMember" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_BHKCoDevelopmentAgreementMember"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_BHKCoDevelopmentAgreementMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">BHK Co-Development Agreement [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_BHKCoDevelopmentAgreementMember" xlink:to="abvc_BHKCoDevelopmentAgreementMember_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_CodevelopmentagreementMember" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_CodevelopmentagreementMember"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_CodevelopmentagreementMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Co-Dev Agreement [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_CodevelopmentagreementMember" xlink:to="abvc_CodevelopmentagreementMember_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_YuanGeneCorporationMember" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_YuanGeneCorporationMember"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_YuanGeneCorporationMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">YuanGene Corporation [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_YuanGeneCorporationMember" xlink:to="abvc_YuanGeneCorporationMember_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_ServiceAgreementsMember" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_ServiceAgreementsMember"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ServiceAgreementsMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Service Agreements [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ServiceAgreementsMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_ServiceAgreementsMember_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_RgeneStudiesMember" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_RgeneStudiesMember"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_RgeneStudiesMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Rgene Studies [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_RgeneStudiesMember" xlink:to="abvc_RgeneStudiesMember_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_CollaborativeArrangementMember" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_CollaborativeArrangementMember"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_CollaborativeArrangementMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Collaborative Agreement [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CollaborativeArrangementMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_CollaborativeArrangementMember_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_BioFirstStockPurchaseAgreementMember" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_BioFirstStockPurchaseAgreementMember"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_BioFirstStockPurchaseAgreementMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">BioFirst Stock Purchase Agreement [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_BioFirstStockPurchaseAgreementMember" xlink:to="abvc_BioFirstStockPurchaseAgreementMember_lbl"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_BioFirstStockPurchaseAgreementMember_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">BioFirst Corporation Purchase Agreement [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_BioFirstStockPurchaseAgreementMember" xlink:to="abvc_BioFirstStockPurchaseAgreementMember_lbl0"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_CollaborativeAgreementWithForSeeConEyeCorporationMember" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_CollaborativeAgreementWithForSeeConEyeCorporationMember"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_CollaborativeAgreementWithForSeeConEyeCorporationMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Collaborative agreement with ForSeeCon Eye Corporation [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_CollaborativeAgreementWithForSeeConEyeCorporationMember" xlink:to="abvc_CollaborativeAgreementWithForSeeConEyeCorporationMember_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_OncoXBiopPharmaIncMember" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_OncoXBiopPharmaIncMember"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_OncoXBiopPharmaIncMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">OncoX BiopPharma, Inc [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_OncoXBiopPharmaIncMember" xlink:to="abvc_OncoXBiopPharmaIncMember_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConstructionInProgressMember" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_ConstructionInProgressMember"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConstructionInProgressMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Construction in Progress [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ConstructionInProgressMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_ConstructionInProgressMember_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="country_TW" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/country/2025/country-2025.xsd#country_TW"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="country_TW_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">TAIWAN</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="country_TW" xlink:to="country_TW_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_LucidaimCoLtdMember" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_LucidaimCoLtdMember"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_LucidaimCoLtdMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Lucidaim Co Ltd [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_LucidaimCoLtdMember" xlink:to="abvc_LucidaimCoLtdMember_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_BioLiteJPMember" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_BioLiteJPMember"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_BioLiteJPMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">BioLite JP [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_BioLiteJPMember" xlink:to="abvc_BioLiteJPMember_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_LindGlobalFundIILPMember" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_LindGlobalFundIILPMember"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_LindGlobalFundIILPMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Lind Global Fund II, LP [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_LindGlobalFundIILPMember" xlink:to="abvc_LindGlobalFundIILPMember_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_LindWarrantMember" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_LindWarrantMember"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_LindWarrantMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Lind Warrant [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_LindWarrantMember" xlink:to="abvc_LindWarrantMember_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_WarrantDebtDiscountMember" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_WarrantDebtDiscountMember"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_WarrantDebtDiscountMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Warrant Debt Discount [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_WarrantDebtDiscountMember" xlink:to="abvc_WarrantDebtDiscountMember_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConvertibleNotesPayableMember" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_ConvertibleNotesPayableMember"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConvertibleNotesPayableMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Convertible Notes Payable [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ConvertibleNotesPayableMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_ConvertibleNotesPayableMember_lbl"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConvertibleNotesPayableMember_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Lind Note [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ConvertibleNotesPayableMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_ConvertibleNotesPayableMember_lbl0"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_SecondLindNoteMember" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_SecondLindNoteMember"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_SecondLindNoteMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">2nd Lind Note [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_SecondLindNoteMember" xlink:to="abvc_SecondLindNoteMember_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_LindNotesPayableMember" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_LindNotesPayableMember"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_LindNotesPayableMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Lind Notes Payable [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_LindNotesPayableMember" xlink:to="abvc_LindNotesPayableMember_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_OtherConvertibleNotesPayableMember" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_OtherConvertibleNotesPayableMember"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_OtherConvertibleNotesPayableMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Other Convertible Notes Payable [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_OtherConvertibleNotesPayableMember" xlink:to="abvc_OtherConvertibleNotesPayableMember_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="srt_ScenarioForecastMember" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2025/elts/srt-2025.xsd#srt_ScenarioForecastMember"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="srt_ScenarioForecastMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Forecast [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="srt_ScenarioForecastMember" xlink:to="srt_ScenarioForecastMember_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_SubsequentEventMember" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_SubsequentEventMember"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_SubsequentEventMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Subsequent Event [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_SubsequentEventMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_SubsequentEventMember_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_LindNotesMember" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_LindNotesMember"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_LindNotesMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Lind Notes [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_LindNotesMember" xlink:to="abvc_LindNotesMember_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_CathayUnitedLoanAgreementMember" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_CathayUnitedLoanAgreementMember"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_CathayUnitedLoanAgreementMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Cathay United Loan Agreement [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_CathayUnitedLoanAgreementMember" xlink:to="abvc_CathayUnitedLoanAgreementMember_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_CTBCLoanAgreementsMember" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_CTBCLoanAgreementsMember"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_CTBCLoanAgreementsMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">CTBC Loan Agreements [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_CTBCLoanAgreementsMember" xlink:to="abvc_CTBCLoanAgreementsMember_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_OtherIndividualThirdPartyMember" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_OtherIndividualThirdPartyMember"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_OtherIndividualThirdPartyMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Other Individual &#8211; Third party [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_OtherIndividualThirdPartyMember" xlink:to="abvc_OtherIndividualThirdPartyMember_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConvertibleDebtMember" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_ConvertibleDebtMember"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConvertibleDebtMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Convertible Debt [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ConvertibleDebtMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_ConvertibleDebtMember_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_ConvertibleLoanAgreementMember" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_ConvertibleLoanAgreementMember"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_ConvertibleLoanAgreementMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Convertible Loan Agreement [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_ConvertibleLoanAgreementMember" xlink:to="abvc_ConvertibleLoanAgreementMember_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_LoanAgreementMember" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_LoanAgreementMember"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_LoanAgreementMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Loan Agreement [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_LoanAgreementMember" xlink:to="abvc_LoanAgreementMember_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_BHKCoDevelopmentAggreementMember" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_BHKCoDevelopmentAggreementMember"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_BHKCoDevelopmentAggreementMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">BHK Co Development Agreement [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_BHKCoDevelopmentAggreementMember" xlink:to="abvc_BHKCoDevelopmentAggreementMember_lbl"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_BHKCoDevelopmentAggreementMember_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">BHK Co Development Aggreement [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_BHKCoDevelopmentAggreementMember" xlink:to="abvc_BHKCoDevelopmentAggreementMember_lbl0"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_BioFirstReceivesMember" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_BioFirstReceivesMember"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_BioFirstReceivesMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">BioFirst Receives [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_BioFirstReceivesMember" xlink:to="abvc_BioFirstReceivesMember_lbl"/>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_ConversionMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Conversion [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_ConversionMember" xlink:to="abvc_ConversionMember_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_JiangsAdvancedFundsMember" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_JiangsAdvancedFundsMember"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_JiangsAdvancedFundsMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Jiangs Advanced Funds [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_JiangsAdvancedFundsMember" xlink:to="abvc_JiangsAdvancedFundsMember_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_EuroAsiaInvestmentFinanceCorpLtdMember" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_EuroAsiaInvestmentFinanceCorpLtdMember"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_EuroAsiaInvestmentFinanceCorpLtdMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Euro-Asia Investment &amp; Finance Corp Ltd. [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_EuroAsiaInvestmentFinanceCorpLtdMember" xlink:to="abvc_EuroAsiaInvestmentFinanceCorpLtdMember_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_ReceivablesFromStockholderMember" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_ReceivablesFromStockholderMember"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ReceivablesFromStockholderMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Receivables from Stockholder [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ReceivablesFromStockholderMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_ReceivablesFromStockholderMember_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_ConsultantMember" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_ConsultantMember"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_ConsultantMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Consultant [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_ConsultantMember" xlink:to="abvc_ConsultantMember_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_PreFundedWarrantsMember" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_PreFundedWarrantsMember"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_PreFundedWarrantsMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Pre-Funded Warrants [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_PreFundedWarrantsMember" xlink:to="abvc_PreFundedWarrantsMember_lbl"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_PreFundedWarrantsMember_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Warrants [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_PreFundedWarrantsMember" xlink:to="abvc_PreFundedWarrantsMember_lbl0"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="srt_DirectorMember" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2025/elts/srt-2025.xsd#srt_DirectorMember"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="srt_DirectorMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Directors [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="srt_DirectorMember" xlink:to="srt_DirectorMember_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_TwoThousandSixteenEquityIncentivePlanMember" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_TwoThousandSixteenEquityIncentivePlanMember"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_TwoThousandSixteenEquityIncentivePlanMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">2016 Equity Incentive Plan [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_TwoThousandSixteenEquityIncentivePlanMember" xlink:to="abvc_TwoThousandSixteenEquityIncentivePlanMember_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_ChiefStrategicOfficerMember" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_ChiefStrategicOfficerMember"/>
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    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_ChiefStrategicOfficerMember" xlink:to="abvc_ChiefStrategicOfficerMember_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_LindGlobalFundIILPLindMember" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_LindGlobalFundIILPLindMember"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_LindGlobalFundIILPLindMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Lind Global Fund II, LP (&#8220;Lind&#8221;) [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_LindGlobalFundIILPLindMember" xlink:to="abvc_LindGlobalFundIILPLindMember_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_LindNoteMember" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_LindNoteMember"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_LindNoteMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Lind Note [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_LindNoteMember" xlink:to="abvc_LindNoteMember_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_PreExistingWarrantsMember" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_PreExistingWarrantsMember"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_PreExistingWarrantsMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Pre-Existing Warrants [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_PreExistingWarrantsMember" xlink:to="abvc_PreExistingWarrantsMember_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_NewWarrantsMember" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_NewWarrantsMember"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_NewWarrantsMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">New Warrants [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_NewWarrantsMember" xlink:to="abvc_NewWarrantsMember_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_LindMember" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_LindMember"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_LindMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Lind [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_LindMember" xlink:to="abvc_LindMember_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_LindOfferingsMember" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_LindOfferingsMember"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_LindOfferingsMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Lind Offerings [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_LindOfferingsMember" xlink:to="abvc_LindOfferingsMember_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_ThirdLetterAgreementMember" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_ThirdLetterAgreementMember"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_ThirdLetterAgreementMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Third Letter Agreement [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_ThirdLetterAgreementMember" xlink:to="abvc_ThirdLetterAgreementMember_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_ExistingWarrantsMember" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_ExistingWarrantsMember"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_ExistingWarrantsMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Existing Warrants [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_ExistingWarrantsMember" xlink:to="abvc_ExistingWarrantsMember_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_DecemberLetterAgreementMember" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_DecemberLetterAgreementMember"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_DecemberLetterAgreementMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">December Letter Agreement [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_DecemberLetterAgreementMember" xlink:to="abvc_DecemberLetterAgreementMember_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_PrivatePlacementMember" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_PrivatePlacementMember"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_PrivatePlacementMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Private Offering [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PrivatePlacementMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_PrivatePlacementMember_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_UnregisteredSharesMember" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_UnregisteredSharesMember"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_UnregisteredSharesMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Unregistered Shares [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_UnregisteredSharesMember" xlink:to="abvc_UnregisteredSharesMember_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_UnregisteredRestrictedSharesMember" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_UnregisteredRestrictedSharesMember"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_UnregisteredRestrictedSharesMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Unregistered Restricted Shares [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_UnregisteredRestrictedSharesMember" xlink:to="abvc_UnregisteredRestrictedSharesMember_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_AdvisorsOneMember" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_AdvisorsOneMember"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_AdvisorsOneMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Advisors One [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_AdvisorsOneMember" xlink:to="abvc_AdvisorsOneMember_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_AdvisorsTwoMember" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_AdvisorsTwoMember"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="abvc_AdvisorsTwoMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Advisors Two [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_AdvisorsTwoMember" xlink:to="abvc_AdvisorsTwoMember_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_RelatedPartyDomain" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_RelatedPartyDomain"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_RelatedPartyDomain_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Related and Nonrelated Parties [Domain]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_RelatedPartyDomain" xlink:to="us-gaap_RelatedPartyDomain_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_StatementTable" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_StatementTable"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_StatementTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Statement [Table]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementTable" xlink:to="us-gaap_StatementTable_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_StatementLineItems" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_StatementLineItems"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_StatementLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Statement [Line Items]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_StatementLineItems_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="srt_RestatementDomain" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2025/elts/srt-2025.xsd#srt_RestatementDomain"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="srt_RestatementDomain_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Revision of Prior Period [Domain]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="srt_RestatementDomain" xlink:to="srt_RestatementDomain_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_EquityComponentDomain" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_EquityComponentDomain"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_EquityComponentDomain_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Equity Component [Domain]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_EquityComponentDomain" xlink:to="us-gaap_EquityComponentDomain_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="srt_ScheduleOfCondensedFinancialStatementsTable" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2025/elts/srt-2025.xsd#srt_ScheduleOfCondensedFinancialStatementsTable"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="srt_ScheduleOfCondensedFinancialStatementsTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Condensed Financial Statements [Table]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="srt_ScheduleOfCondensedFinancialStatementsTable" xlink:to="srt_ScheduleOfCondensedFinancialStatementsTable_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="srt_CondensedFinancialStatementsCaptionsLineItems" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2025/elts/srt-2025.xsd#srt_CondensedFinancialStatementsCaptionsLineItems"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="srt_CondensedFinancialStatementsCaptionsLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Condensed Financial Statements, Captions [Line Items]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="srt_CondensedFinancialStatementsCaptionsLineItems" xlink:to="srt_CondensedFinancialStatementsCaptionsLineItems_lbl"/>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="srt_RangeMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Statistical Measurement [Domain]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="srt_RangeMember" xlink:to="srt_RangeMember_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTypeDomain" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTypeDomain"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTypeDomain_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Long-Lived Tangible Asset [Domain]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTypeDomain" xlink:to="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTypeDomain_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_SummaryofSignificantAccountingPoliciesScheduleofEstimatedUsefulLifeDetailsTable" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_SummaryofSignificantAccountingPoliciesScheduleofEstimatedUsefulLifeDetailsTable"/>
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    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_SummaryofSignificantAccountingPoliciesScheduleofEstimatedUsefulLifeDetailsTable" xlink:to="abvc_SummaryofSignificantAccountingPoliciesScheduleofEstimatedUsefulLifeDetailsTable_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_SummaryofSignificantAccountingPoliciesScheduleofEstimatedUsefulLifeDetailsLineItems" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_SummaryofSignificantAccountingPoliciesScheduleofEstimatedUsefulLifeDetailsLineItems"/>
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    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_SummaryofSignificantAccountingPoliciesScheduleofEstimatedUsefulLifeDetailsLineItems" xlink:to="abvc_SummaryofSignificantAccountingPoliciesScheduleofEstimatedUsefulLifeDetailsLineItems_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfPropertyPlantAndEquipmentTable" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfPropertyPlantAndEquipmentTable"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfPropertyPlantAndEquipmentTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Property, Plant and Equipment [Table]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfPropertyPlantAndEquipmentTable" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfPropertyPlantAndEquipmentTable_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of Property and Equipment [Line Items]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="srt_EquityMethodInvesteeNameDomain" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2025/elts/srt-2025.xsd#srt_EquityMethodInvesteeNameDomain"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="srt_EquityMethodInvesteeNameDomain_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Investment, Name [Domain]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="srt_EquityMethodInvesteeNameDomain" xlink:to="srt_EquityMethodInvesteeNameDomain_lbl"/>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfOtherOwnershipInterestsTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Partners&apos; Capital, Other Ownership Interest [Table]</label>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="srt_CondensedBalanceSheetStatementTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Condensed Balance Sheet Statement [Table]</label>
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    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="srt_CondensedBalanceSheetStatementsCaptionsLineItems" xlink:to="srt_CondensedBalanceSheetStatementsCaptionsLineItems_lbl"/>
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    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="srt_CondensedStatementOfComprehensiveIncomeTable" xlink:to="srt_CondensedStatementOfComprehensiveIncomeTable_lbl"/>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_ConvertibleNotesPayableScheduleofCarryingAmountsoftheLiabilityComponentDetailsTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Convertible Notes Payable - Schedule of Carrying Amounts of the Liability Component (Details) [Table]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_ConvertibleNotesPayableScheduleofCarryingAmountsoftheLiabilityComponentDetailsTable" xlink:to="abvc_ConvertibleNotesPayableScheduleofCarryingAmountsoftheLiabilityComponentDetailsTable_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentLineItems" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_DebtInstrumentLineItems"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of Carrying Amounts of the Liability Component [Line Items]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentLineItems_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTypeDomain" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTypeDomain"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTypeDomain_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Short-Term Debt, Type [Domain]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTypeDomain" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTypeDomain_lbl"/>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfShortTermDebtTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Short-Term Debt [Table]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfShortTermDebtTable" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfShortTermDebtTable_lbl"/>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShortTermDebtLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of Short-Term Bank Loan [Line Items]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShortTermDebtLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShortTermDebtLineItems_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfRelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyTable" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfRelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyTable"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfRelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Related Party Transaction [Table]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfRelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyTable" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfRelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyTable_lbl"/>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of Related Parties of the Company with whom Transactions [Line Items]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionLineItems_lbl"/>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ArrangementsAndNonarrangementTransactionsMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Collaborative Arrangement and Arrangement Other than Collaborative [Domain]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ArrangementsAndNonarrangementTransactionsMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_ArrangementsAndNonarrangementTransactionsMember_lbl"/>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_RelatedPartiesTransactionsScheduleofLicensingAgreementandRelatedAmendmentwithFEYEDetailsTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Related Parties Transactions - Schedule of Licensing Agreement and Related Amendment with FEYE (Details) [Table]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_RelatedPartiesTransactionsScheduleofLicensingAgreementandRelatedAmendmentwithFEYEDetailsTable" xlink:to="abvc_RelatedPartiesTransactionsScheduleofLicensingAgreementandRelatedAmendmentwithFEYEDetailsTable_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_RelatedPartiesTransactionsScheduleofLicensingAgreementandRelatedAmendmentwithFEYEDetailsLineItems" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_RelatedPartiesTransactionsScheduleofLicensingAgreementandRelatedAmendmentwithFEYEDetailsLineItems"/>
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    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_RelatedPartiesTransactionsScheduleofAccountsReceivableDuefromRelatedPartiesDetailsTable" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_RelatedPartiesTransactionsScheduleofAccountsReceivableDuefromRelatedPartiesDetailsTable"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_RelatedPartiesTransactionsScheduleofAccountsReceivableDuefromRelatedPartiesDetailsTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Related Parties Transactions - Schedule of Accounts Receivable Due from Related Parties (Details) [Table]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_RelatedPartiesTransactionsScheduleofAccountsReceivableDuefromRelatedPartiesDetailsTable" xlink:to="abvc_RelatedPartiesTransactionsScheduleofAccountsReceivableDuefromRelatedPartiesDetailsTable_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_RelatedPartiesTransactionsScheduleofAccountsReceivableDuefromRelatedPartiesDetailsLineItems" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_RelatedPartiesTransactionsScheduleofAccountsReceivableDuefromRelatedPartiesDetailsLineItems"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_RelatedPartiesTransactionsScheduleofAccountsReceivableDuefromRelatedPartiesDetailsLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of Accounts Receivable Due from Related Parties [Line Items]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_RelatedPartiesTransactionsScheduleofAccountsReceivableDuefromRelatedPartiesDetailsLineItems" xlink:to="abvc_RelatedPartiesTransactionsScheduleofAccountsReceivableDuefromRelatedPartiesDetailsLineItems_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_RelatedPartiesTransactionsScheduleofDuefromRelatedPartyCurrentandNoncurrentNetDetailsTable" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_RelatedPartiesTransactionsScheduleofDuefromRelatedPartyCurrentandNoncurrentNetDetailsTable"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_RelatedPartiesTransactionsScheduleofDuefromRelatedPartyCurrentandNoncurrentNetDetailsTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Related Parties Transactions - Schedule of Due from Related Party - Current and Non-current, Net (Details) [Table]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_RelatedPartiesTransactionsScheduleofDuefromRelatedPartyCurrentandNoncurrentNetDetailsTable" xlink:to="abvc_RelatedPartiesTransactionsScheduleofDuefromRelatedPartyCurrentandNoncurrentNetDetailsTable_lbl"/>
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    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_RelatedPartiesTransactionsScheduleofDuefromRelatedPartyCurrentandNoncurrentNetDetailsLineItems" xlink:to="abvc_RelatedPartiesTransactionsScheduleofDuefromRelatedPartyCurrentandNoncurrentNetDetailsLineItems_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_RelatedPartiesTransactionsScheduleofAmountDuetoRelatedPartiesDetailsTable" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_RelatedPartiesTransactionsScheduleofAmountDuetoRelatedPartiesDetailsTable"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_RelatedPartiesTransactionsScheduleofAmountDuetoRelatedPartiesDetailsTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Related Parties Transactions - Schedule of Amount Due to Related Parties (Details) [Table]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_RelatedPartiesTransactionsScheduleofAmountDuetoRelatedPartiesDetailsTable" xlink:to="abvc_RelatedPartiesTransactionsScheduleofAmountDuetoRelatedPartiesDetailsTable_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_RelatedPartiesTransactionsScheduleofAmountDuetoRelatedPartiesDetailsLineItems" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_RelatedPartiesTransactionsScheduleofAmountDuetoRelatedPartiesDetailsLineItems"/>
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    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_RelatedPartiesTransactionsScheduleofAmountDuetoRelatedPartiesDetailsLineItems" xlink:to="abvc_RelatedPartiesTransactionsScheduleofAmountDuetoRelatedPartiesDetailsLineItems_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsMajorClassNameDomain" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsMajorClassNameDomain"/>
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    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_LeaseScheduleofCompanysLeaseExpensesDetailsTable" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_LeaseScheduleofCompanysLeaseExpensesDetailsTable"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_LeaseScheduleofCompanysLeaseExpensesDetailsTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Lease - Schedule of Company&#8217;s Lease Expenses (Details) [Table]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_LeaseScheduleofCompanysLeaseExpensesDetailsTable" xlink:to="abvc_LeaseScheduleofCompanysLeaseExpensesDetailsTable_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_LeaseScheduleofCompanysLeaseExpensesDetailsLineItems" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_LeaseScheduleofCompanysLeaseExpensesDetailsLineItems"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_LeaseScheduleofCompanysLeaseExpensesDetailsLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of Company&#8217;s Lease Expenses [Line Items]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_LeaseScheduleofCompanysLeaseExpensesDetailsLineItems" xlink:to="abvc_LeaseScheduleofCompanysLeaseExpensesDetailsLineItems_lbl"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="srt_CondensedFinancialStatementsCaptionsLineItems_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of Impact of the Restatement [Line Items]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="srt_CondensedFinancialStatementsCaptionsLineItems" xlink:to="srt_CondensedFinancialStatementsCaptionsLineItems_lbl0"/>
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    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShortTermDebtLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShortTermDebtLineItems_lbl0"/>
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    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionLineItems_lbl0"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightDomain" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightDomain"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightDomain_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Class of Warrant or Right [Domain]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightDomain" xlink:to="us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightDomain_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightTable" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightTable"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Class of Warrant or Right [Table]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightTable" xlink:to="us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightTable_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightLineItems" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightLineItems"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of Warrants Issued and Outstanding [Line Items]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightLineItems_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="srt_OwnershipDomain" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2025/elts/srt-2025.xsd#srt_OwnershipDomain"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="srt_OwnershipDomain_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Ownership [Domain]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="srt_OwnershipDomain" xlink:to="srt_OwnershipDomain_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_OrganizationandDescriptionofBusinessDetailsTable" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_OrganizationandDescriptionofBusinessDetailsTable"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_OrganizationandDescriptionofBusinessDetailsTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Organization and Description of Business (Details) [Table]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_OrganizationandDescriptionofBusinessDetailsTable" xlink:to="abvc_OrganizationandDescriptionofBusinessDetailsTable_lbl"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_SubsidiaryOrEquityMethodInvesteeLineItems_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Organization and Description of Business[Line items]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_SubsidiaryOrEquityMethodInvesteeLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_SubsidiaryOrEquityMethodInvesteeLineItems_lbl0"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Class of Stock [Domain]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain" xlink:to="us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_LiquidityGoingConcernandRestatementDetailsTable" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_LiquidityGoingConcernandRestatementDetailsTable"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_LiquidityGoingConcernandRestatementDetailsTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Liquidity, Going Concern, and Restatement (Details) [Table]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_LiquidityGoingConcernandRestatementDetailsTable" xlink:to="abvc_LiquidityGoingConcernandRestatementDetailsTable_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_LiquidityGoingConcernandRestatementDetailsLineItems" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_LiquidityGoingConcernandRestatementDetailsLineItems"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_LiquidityGoingConcernandRestatementDetailsLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Liquidity, Going Concern, and Restatement [Line Items]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_LiquidityGoingConcernandRestatementDetailsLineItems" xlink:to="abvc_LiquidityGoingConcernandRestatementDetailsLineItems_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_GranteeStatusDomain" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_GranteeStatusDomain"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_GranteeStatusDomain_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Grantee Status [Domain]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_GranteeStatusDomain" xlink:to="us-gaap_GranteeStatusDomain_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_TypeAndTierIdentifierDomain" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_TypeAndTierIdentifierDomain"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_TypeAndTierIdentifierDomain_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Type and Tier Identifier [Domain]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_TypeAndTierIdentifierDomain" xlink:to="us-gaap_TypeAndTierIdentifierDomain_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskTypeDomain" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskTypeDomain"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskTypeDomain_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Concentration Risk Type [Domain]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskTypeDomain" xlink:to="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskTypeDomain_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="srt_NameOfMajorCustomerDomain" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2025/elts/srt-2025.xsd#srt_NameOfMajorCustomerDomain"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="srt_NameOfMajorCustomerDomain_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Customer [Domain]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="srt_NameOfMajorCustomerDomain" xlink:to="srt_NameOfMajorCustomerDomain_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskBenchmarkDomain" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskBenchmarkDomain"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskBenchmarkDomain_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Concentration Risk Benchmark [Domain]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskBenchmarkDomain" xlink:to="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskBenchmarkDomain_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_SummaryofSignificantAccountingPoliciesDetailsTable" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_SummaryofSignificantAccountingPoliciesDetailsTable"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_SummaryofSignificantAccountingPoliciesDetailsTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details) [Table]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_SummaryofSignificantAccountingPoliciesDetailsTable" xlink:to="abvc_SummaryofSignificantAccountingPoliciesDetailsTable_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_StatutoryAccountingPracticesLineItems" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_StatutoryAccountingPracticesLineItems"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_StatutoryAccountingPracticesLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatutoryAccountingPracticesLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_StatutoryAccountingPracticesLineItems_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_CollaborativeAgreementsDetailsTable" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_CollaborativeAgreementsDetailsTable"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_CollaborativeAgreementsDetailsTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Collaborative Agreements (Details) [Table]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_CollaborativeAgreementsDetailsTable" xlink:to="abvc_CollaborativeAgreementsDetailsTable_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_CollaborativeArrangementsAndNoncollaborativeArrangementTransactionsLineItems" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_CollaborativeArrangementsAndNoncollaborativeArrangementTransactionsLineItems"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CollaborativeArrangementsAndNoncollaborativeArrangementTransactionsLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Collaborative Agreements [Line Items]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CollaborativeArrangementsAndNoncollaborativeArrangementTransactionsLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_CollaborativeArrangementsAndNoncollaborativeArrangementTransactionsLineItems_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="srt_SegmentGeographicalDomain" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2025/elts/srt-2025.xsd#srt_SegmentGeographicalDomain"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="srt_SegmentGeographicalDomain_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Geographical [Domain]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="srt_SegmentGeographicalDomain" xlink:to="srt_SegmentGeographicalDomain_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_PropertyandEquipmentandPrepamentforAssetAcquisitionDetailsTable" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_PropertyandEquipmentandPrepamentforAssetAcquisitionDetailsTable"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_PropertyandEquipmentandPrepamentforAssetAcquisitionDetailsTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Property and Equipment, and Prepament for Asset Acquisition (Details) [Table]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_PropertyandEquipmentandPrepamentforAssetAcquisitionDetailsTable" xlink:to="abvc_PropertyandEquipmentandPrepamentforAssetAcquisitionDetailsTable_lbl"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Property and Equipment [Line Items]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems_lbl0"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_LongTermInvestmentsDetailsTable" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_LongTermInvestmentsDetailsTable"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_LongTermInvestmentsDetailsTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Long-Term Investments (Details) [Table]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_LongTermInvestmentsDetailsTable" xlink:to="abvc_LongTermInvestmentsDetailsTable_lbl"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_SubsidiaryOrEquityMethodInvesteeLineItems_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Long-Term Investments [Line Items]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_SubsidiaryOrEquityMethodInvesteeLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_SubsidiaryOrEquityMethodInvesteeLineItems_lbl1"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeDomain" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeDomain"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeDomain_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Subsequent Event Type [Domain]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeDomain" xlink:to="us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeDomain_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="srt_ScenarioUnspecifiedDomain" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2025/elts/srt-2025.xsd#srt_ScenarioUnspecifiedDomain"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="srt_ScenarioUnspecifiedDomain_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Scenario [Domain]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="srt_ScenarioUnspecifiedDomain" xlink:to="srt_ScenarioUnspecifiedDomain_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_ConvertibleNotesPayableDetailsTable" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_ConvertibleNotesPayableDetailsTable"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_ConvertibleNotesPayableDetailsTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Convertible Notes Payable (Details) [Table]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_ConvertibleNotesPayableDetailsTable" xlink:to="abvc_ConvertibleNotesPayableDetailsTable_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtConversionLineItems" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_DebtConversionLineItems"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtConversionLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Convertible Notes Payable [Line Items]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DebtConversionLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_DebtConversionLineItems_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_ShortTermLoansDetailsTable" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_ShortTermLoansDetailsTable"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_ShortTermLoansDetailsTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Short-Term Loans (Details) [Table]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_ShortTermLoansDetailsTable" xlink:to="abvc_ShortTermLoansDetailsTable_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_FederalHomeLoanBankAdvancesLineItems" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_FederalHomeLoanBankAdvancesLineItems"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_FederalHomeLoanBankAdvancesLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Bank Loans [Line Items]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_FederalHomeLoanBankAdvancesLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_FederalHomeLoanBankAdvancesLineItems_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_RelatedPartiesTransactionsDetailsTable" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_RelatedPartiesTransactionsDetailsTable"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_RelatedPartiesTransactionsDetailsTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Related Parties Transactions (Details) [Table]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_RelatedPartiesTransactionsDetailsTable" xlink:to="abvc_RelatedPartiesTransactionsDetailsTable_lbl"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionLineItems_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Related Parties Transactions [Line Items]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionLineItems_lbl1"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_PlanNameDomain" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_PlanNameDomain"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PlanNameDomain_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Plan Name [Domain]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PlanNameDomain" xlink:to="us-gaap_PlanNameDomain_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="srt_ProductsAndServicesDomain" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2025/elts/srt-2025.xsd#srt_ProductsAndServicesDomain"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="srt_ProductsAndServicesDomain_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Product and Service [Domain]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="srt_ProductsAndServicesDomain" xlink:to="srt_ProductsAndServicesDomain_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_SaleOfStockNameOfTransactionDomain" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_SaleOfStockNameOfTransactionDomain"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_SaleOfStockNameOfTransactionDomain_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Sale of Stock [Domain]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_SaleOfStockNameOfTransactionDomain" xlink:to="us-gaap_SaleOfStockNameOfTransactionDomain_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="srt_TitleOfIndividualWithRelationshipToEntityDomain" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2025/elts/srt-2025.xsd#srt_TitleOfIndividualWithRelationshipToEntityDomain"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="srt_TitleOfIndividualWithRelationshipToEntityDomain_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Title and Position [Domain]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="srt_TitleOfIndividualWithRelationshipToEntityDomain" xlink:to="srt_TitleOfIndividualWithRelationshipToEntityDomain_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_EquityDetailsTable" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_EquityDetailsTable"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_EquityDetailsTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Equity (Details) [Table]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_EquityDetailsTable" xlink:to="abvc_EquityDetailsTable_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Equity [Line Items]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_StockOptionsDetailsTable" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_StockOptionsDetailsTable"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_StockOptionsDetailsTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Stock Options (Details) [Table]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_StockOptionsDetailsTable" xlink:to="abvc_StockOptionsDetailsTable_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Stock Options [Line Items]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_SubsequentEventsDetailsTable" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_SubsequentEventsDetailsTable"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_SubsequentEventsDetailsTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Subsequent Events (Details) [Table]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_SubsequentEventsDetailsTable" xlink:to="abvc_SubsequentEventsDetailsTable_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_SubsequentEventLineItems" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_SubsequentEventLineItems"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_SubsequentEventLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Subsequent Events [Line Items]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_SubsequentEventLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_SubsequentEventLineItems_lbl"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="abvc_AccruedDirectorAndOfficerCompensation_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">The amouont of accrued director and officer compensation.</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_AccruedDirectorAndOfficerCompensation" xlink:to="abvc_AccruedDirectorAndOfficerCompensation_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="abvc_AccruedResearchAndDevelopmentExpense_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Accrued research and development expense.</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_AccruedResearchAndDevelopmentExpense" xlink:to="abvc_AccruedResearchAndDevelopmentExpense_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="abvc_AcquisitionForNetSales_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">The amount of acquisition for net sales.</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_AcquisitionForNetSales" xlink:to="abvc_AcquisitionForNetSales_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="abvc_AdditionCashPayment_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">The amount of addition cash payment.</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_AdditionCashPayment" xlink:to="abvc_AdditionCashPayment_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="abvc_AdditionalMilestonePaymentInCash_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Additional milestone payment in cash.</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_AdditionalMilestonePaymentInCash" xlink:to="abvc_AdditionalMilestonePaymentInCash_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="abvc_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalWarrantIssuedWithConvertibleNotesPayable_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Represents the amount of warrant issued with convertible notes payable.</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalWarrantIssuedWithConvertibleNotesPayable" xlink:to="abvc_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalWarrantIssuedWithConvertibleNotesPayable_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="abvc_AggregateCommonStockShares_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Aggregate common stock shares.</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_AggregateCommonStockShares" xlink:to="abvc_AggregateCommonStockShares_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="abvc_AssetConsiderationCommonStock_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Asset consideration common stock.</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_AssetConsiderationCommonStock" xlink:to="abvc_AssetConsiderationCommonStock_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="abvc_AverageIssuancePricePerShare_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Represent the average issuance price per share.</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_AverageIssuancePricePerShare" xlink:to="abvc_AverageIssuancePricePerShare_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="abvc_BenefitsReceivableForMilestoneAttained_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Amount receivable for certain milestone are met  and eligible to receive.</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_BenefitsReceivableForMilestoneAttained" xlink:to="abvc_BenefitsReceivableForMilestoneAttained_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="abvc_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedAccruedExpenseAndOtherCurrentLiabilities_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Accrued expense.</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedAccruedExpenseAndOtherCurrentLiabilities" xlink:to="abvc_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedAccruedExpenseAndOtherCurrentLiabilities_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="abvc_CashPortionOfTheLindNoteRepayments_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">The amount of cash portion of the Lind Note repayments.</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_CashPortionOfTheLindNoteRepayments" xlink:to="abvc_CashPortionOfTheLindNoteRepayments_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="abvc_CommonStockSharesIssuedForRent_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Number of shares issued for rent.</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_CommonStockSharesIssuedForRent" xlink:to="abvc_CommonStockSharesIssuedForRent_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="abvc_ConcentrationOfClientsPolicyTextBlock_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Disclosure of accounting policy for concentration of clients.</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_ConcentrationOfClientsPolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="abvc_ConcentrationOfClientsPolicyTextBlock_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="abvc_ConsecutiveDays_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Consecutive days.</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_ConsecutiveDays" xlink:to="abvc_ConsecutiveDays_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="abvc_ConsiderationAmount_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">The consideration amount.</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_ConsiderationAmount" xlink:to="abvc_ConsiderationAmount_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="abvc_ConsiderationPaidForAgreement_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Consideration paid.</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_ConsiderationPaidForAgreement" xlink:to="abvc_ConsiderationPaidForAgreement_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="abvc_ConsultingFee_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">The amount of  consulting fee .</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_ConsultingFee" xlink:to="abvc_ConsultingFee_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="abvc_ConvertibleNotesPayablePolicyTextBlock_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Disclosure of accounting policy for convertible notes payable.</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_ConvertibleNotesPayablePolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="abvc_ConvertibleNotesPayablePolicyTextBlock_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="abvc_DebtInstrumentCarryingValue_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">The amount of carrying value.</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_DebtInstrumentCarryingValue" xlink:to="abvc_DebtInstrumentCarryingValue_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="abvc_DebtInstrumentCommonStockToBeConverted_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Description of common stock to be converted.</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_DebtInstrumentCommonStockToBeConverted" xlink:to="abvc_DebtInstrumentCommonStockToBeConverted_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="abvc_DebtInstrumentIssuanceEntity_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Description of issuance entity.</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_DebtInstrumentIssuanceEntity" xlink:to="abvc_DebtInstrumentIssuanceEntity_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="abvc_DebtInstrumentOutstandingPrincipal_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Amount of outstanding principal.</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_DebtInstrumentOutstandingPrincipal" xlink:to="abvc_DebtInstrumentOutstandingPrincipal_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="abvc_DebtInstrumentPrincipalAmountAtBalanceSheetDate_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">The amount of principal amount at balance sheet date.</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_DebtInstrumentPrincipalAmountAtBalanceSheetDate" xlink:to="abvc_DebtInstrumentPrincipalAmountAtBalanceSheetDate_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="abvc_DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLeaseAssets_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Amount, before allocation of valuation allowance, of deferred tax asset attributable to operating lease assets.</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLeaseAssets" xlink:to="abvc_DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLeaseAssets_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="abvc_DefinedBenefitPlanFundedPercentages_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Percentage of plan assets to benefit obligation of defined benefit plan.</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_DefinedBenefitPlanFundedPercentages" xlink:to="abvc_DefinedBenefitPlanFundedPercentages_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="abvc_EffectOfExchangeRateChangeOnCashAndCashEquivalentsAndRestrictedCash_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash.</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_EffectOfExchangeRateChangeOnCashAndCashEquivalentsAndRestrictedCash" xlink:to="abvc_EffectOfExchangeRateChangeOnCashAndCashEquivalentsAndRestrictedCash_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="abvc_EquityMethodInvestmentsOwnershipPercentage_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Represent the percent value of equity method investments ownership percentage.</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_EquityMethodInvestmentsOwnershipPercentage" xlink:to="abvc_EquityMethodInvestmentsOwnershipPercentage_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="abvc_EquityMethodLongTermInvestment_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Equity method long term investment.</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_EquityMethodLongTermInvestment" xlink:to="abvc_EquityMethodLongTermInvestment_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="abvc_IssuanceOfCommonShareForLindCNRepayment_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Issuance of common shares for Lind CN repayment.</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_IssuanceOfCommonShareForLindCNRepayment" xlink:to="abvc_IssuanceOfCommonShareForLindCNRepayment_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="abvc_IssuanceOfCommonStockForConversionOfDebt_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Issuance of common stock for conversion of debt.</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_IssuanceOfCommonStockForConversionOfDebt" xlink:to="abvc_IssuanceOfCommonStockForConversionOfDebt_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="abvc_IssuanceOfStockValue_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">The value of Common stock newly issued. for example : newly issued shares means any common shares issued pursuant to the primary share purchases.</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_IssuanceOfStockValue" xlink:to="abvc_IssuanceOfStockValue_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="abvc_IssuanceOfSubsidiarysCommonStockForConsultingServices_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Amount of issuance of subsidiary&#8217;s common stock for consulting services.</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_IssuanceOfSubsidiarysCommonStockForConsultingServices" xlink:to="abvc_IssuanceOfSubsidiarysCommonStockForConsultingServices_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="abvc_LaborPensionFundPerMonth_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Labor pension fund per month.</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_LaborPensionFundPerMonth" xlink:to="abvc_LaborPensionFundPerMonth_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="abvc_LicensingAgreement_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">The amount of licensing Agreement.</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_LicensingAgreement" xlink:to="abvc_LicensingAgreement_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="abvc_LicensingFees_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Amount licensing fee.</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_LicensingFees" xlink:to="abvc_LicensingFees_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="abvc_LiquidityGoingConcernAndRestatementTextBlock_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Disclosure of liquidity, going concern, and restatement.</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_LiquidityGoingConcernAndRestatementTextBlock" xlink:to="abvc_LiquidityGoingConcernAndRestatementTextBlock_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="abvc_LoanAgreementAmount_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">The amount of loan agreement amount.</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_LoanAgreementAmount" xlink:to="abvc_LoanAgreementAmount_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="abvc_MilestonePaymentsRoyaltyPercentage_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Milestone payments royalty percentage.</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_MilestonePaymentsRoyaltyPercentage" xlink:to="abvc_MilestonePaymentsRoyaltyPercentage_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="abvc_MilestoneRegulatoryPaymentAmount_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Represent the amount of milestone regulatory payment.</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_MilestoneRegulatoryPaymentAmount" xlink:to="abvc_MilestoneRegulatoryPaymentAmount_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="abvc_MilestoneRegulatoryPaymentAmountPeriod_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Milestone Regulatory Payment Amount Period.</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_MilestoneRegulatoryPaymentAmountPeriod" xlink:to="abvc_MilestoneRegulatoryPaymentAmountPeriod_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="abvc_NetSalesProfitPercentage_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Percentage of net sales profit.</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_NetSalesProfitPercentage" xlink:to="abvc_NetSalesProfitPercentage_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="abvc_NonControllingInterestConsiderationShare_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Non-controlling interest consideration share.</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_NonControllingInterestConsiderationShare" xlink:to="abvc_NonControllingInterestConsiderationShare_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="abvc_NonrefundableUpfrontCashPayment_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Non-refundable upfront cash payment.</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_NonrefundableUpfrontCashPayment" xlink:to="abvc_NonrefundableUpfrontCashPayment_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="abvc_NumberOfSharesReceived_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">The number of shares received.</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_NumberOfSharesReceived" xlink:to="abvc_NumberOfSharesReceived_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="abvc_OperatingLeaseLiabilities_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Operating lease liabilities amount.</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_OperatingLeaseLiabilities" xlink:to="abvc_OperatingLeaseLiabilities_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="abvc_OtherThanTemporaryImpairmentPolicyTextBlock_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Disclosure of accounting policy for other than temporary impairment.</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_OtherThanTemporaryImpairmentPolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="abvc_OtherThanTemporaryImpairmentPolicyTextBlock_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="abvc_OutstandingBalanceAmount_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">The amount of outstanding balance amount.</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_OutstandingBalanceAmount" xlink:to="abvc_OutstandingBalanceAmount_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="abvc_OutstandingLiabilityOwnedAmount_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Outstanding liability Owned Amount.</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_OutstandingLiabilityOwnedAmount" xlink:to="abvc_OutstandingLiabilityOwnedAmount_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="abvc_OutstandingPrincipalAmount_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">The amount of outstanding principal amount.</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_OutstandingPrincipalAmount" xlink:to="abvc_OutstandingPrincipalAmount_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="abvc_PercentageCommonStocksShares_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Percentage value of common stocks shares.</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_PercentageCommonStocksShares" xlink:to="abvc_PercentageCommonStocksShares_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="abvc_PercentageOfAnnualDiscountRate_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">The percentage of annual discount rate.</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_PercentageOfAnnualDiscountRate" xlink:to="abvc_PercentageOfAnnualDiscountRate_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="abvc_PercentageOfAverageAmount_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Percentage of average amount.</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_PercentageOfAverageAmount" xlink:to="abvc_PercentageOfAverageAmount_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="abvc_PercentageOfCashPermium_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Percentage of cash premium.</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_PercentageOfCashPermium" xlink:to="abvc_PercentageOfCashPermium_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="abvc_PercentageOfDevelopAndCommercialize_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Rate of develop and commercialize.</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_PercentageOfDevelopAndCommercialize" xlink:to="abvc_PercentageOfDevelopAndCommercialize_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="abvc_PercentageOfOutstandingPrincipalAmount_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Percentage of outstanding principal amount.</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_PercentageOfOutstandingPrincipalAmount" xlink:to="abvc_PercentageOfOutstandingPrincipalAmount_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="abvc_PercentageOfPaymentsUnderCodevelopmentAgreement_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Percentage of payments under co-development agreement.</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_PercentageOfPaymentsUnderCodevelopmentAgreement" xlink:to="abvc_PercentageOfPaymentsUnderCodevelopmentAgreement_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="abvc_PercentageOfRoyaltiesEqualing_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">The percentage of royalties equaling.</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_PercentageOfRoyaltiesEqualing" xlink:to="abvc_PercentageOfRoyaltiesEqualing_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="abvc_PercentageOfWorkingCapital_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Percentage of working capital.</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_PercentageOfWorkingCapital" xlink:to="abvc_PercentageOfWorkingCapital_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="abvc_PrepaymentForLongtermInvestmentsNoncurrent_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Prepayment for long-term investments noncurrent.</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_PrepaymentForLongtermInvestmentsNoncurrent" xlink:to="abvc_PrepaymentForLongtermInvestmentsNoncurrent_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="abvc_PrepaymentOfAssetAcquisitionByIssuingCommonStockToAThirdParty_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Amount of prepayment of asset acquisition by issuing common stock to a third party.</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_PrepaymentOfAssetAcquisitionByIssuingCommonStockToAThirdParty" xlink:to="abvc_PrepaymentOfAssetAcquisitionByIssuingCommonStockToAThirdParty_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="abvc_PriorPeriodAdjustment_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Amount of prior period adjustment.</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_PriorPeriodAdjustment" xlink:to="abvc_PriorPeriodAdjustment_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="abvc_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfAPromissoryNote_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Amount of proceeds from issuance of a promissory note.</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfAPromissoryNote" xlink:to="abvc_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfAPromissoryNote_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="abvc_ProceedsFromSubsidiarysCommonStockSubscription_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Amount of proceeds from subsidiary&apos;s common stock subscription.</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_ProceedsFromSubsidiarysCommonStockSubscription" xlink:to="abvc_ProceedsFromSubsidiarysCommonStockSubscription_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="abvc_ProceedsFromSubsidiarysShareholderContribution_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Represent the amount of proceeds from subsidiary&apos;s shareholder contribution.</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_ProceedsFromSubsidiarysShareholderContribution" xlink:to="abvc_ProceedsFromSubsidiarysShareholderContribution_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="abvc_PurchaseOfPropertyAndEquipmentByIssuingCommonStockToAThirdParty_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Amount of purchase of property and equipment by issuing common stock to a third party.</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_PurchaseOfPropertyAndEquipmentByIssuingCommonStockToAThirdParty" xlink:to="abvc_PurchaseOfPropertyAndEquipmentByIssuingCommonStockToAThirdParty_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="abvc_PurchasePriceAmount_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Purchase price amount.</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_PurchasePriceAmount" xlink:to="abvc_PurchasePriceAmount_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="abvc_PurchaseWarrantTerm_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Term of the purchase warrant.</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_PurchaseWarrantTerm" xlink:to="abvc_PurchaseWarrantTerm_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="abvc_ReceivedShares_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Number of shares received.</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_ReceivedShares" xlink:to="abvc_ReceivedShares_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="abvc_RecognizedCreditLosses_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Recognized credit losses.</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_RecognizedCreditLosses" xlink:to="abvc_RecognizedCreditLosses_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="abvc_RepurchaseOfTreasuryStocks_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">The amount of repurchase of treasury stocks.</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_RepurchaseOfTreasuryStocks" xlink:to="abvc_RepurchaseOfTreasuryStocks_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="abvc_RoyaltiesPercentage_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Percentage of Royalties.</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_RoyaltiesPercentage" xlink:to="abvc_RoyaltiesPercentage_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="abvc_ScheduleOfAmountDueToRelatedPartiesTableTextBlock_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Tabular disclosure of amount due to related parties.</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_ScheduleOfAmountDueToRelatedPartiesTableTextBlock" xlink:to="abvc_ScheduleOfAmountDueToRelatedPartiesTableTextBlock_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="abvc_ScheduleOfDueFromRelatedPartyCurrentAndNonCurrentTableTextBlock_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Tabular disclosure of due from related party current and non current.</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_ScheduleOfDueFromRelatedPartyCurrentAndNonCurrentTableTextBlock" xlink:to="abvc_ScheduleOfDueFromRelatedPartyCurrentAndNonCurrentTableTextBlock_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="abvc_ScheduleOfEstimatedUsefulLivesOfPropertyAndEquipmentNetTableTextBlock_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Tabular disclosure of estimated useful life of property and equipment.</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_ScheduleOfEstimatedUsefulLivesOfPropertyAndEquipmentNetTableTextBlock" xlink:to="abvc_ScheduleOfEstimatedUsefulLivesOfPropertyAndEquipmentNetTableTextBlock_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="abvc_ScheduleOfExtentTheInvesteeReliesTableTextBlock_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Tabular disclosure of extent the investee relies.</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_ScheduleOfExtentTheInvesteeReliesTableTextBlock" xlink:to="abvc_ScheduleOfExtentTheInvesteeReliesTableTextBlock_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="abvc_ScheduleOfPursuantLicensingAgreementRelatedAmendmentTableTextBLock_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of Pursuant Licensing Agreement Related Amendment.</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_ScheduleOfPursuantLicensingAgreementRelatedAmendmentTableTextBLock" xlink:to="abvc_ScheduleOfPursuantLicensingAgreementRelatedAmendmentTableTextBLock_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="abvc_ServiceAgreementEligibilityAmount_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Service agreement eligibility amount.</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_ServiceAgreementEligibilityAmount" xlink:to="abvc_ServiceAgreementEligibilityAmount_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="abvc_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsExercisedIntrinsicValue_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Share based compensation arrangement by share based payment award non option equity instrument exercise intrinsic value.</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsExercisedIntrinsicValue" xlink:to="abvc_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsExercisedIntrinsicValue_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="abvc_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsExercisedWeightedAverageExercisePrice_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Share based compensation arrangement by share based payment award non option equity instrument exercise weighted average exercise price.</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsExercisedWeightedAverageExercisePrice" xlink:to="abvc_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsExercisedWeightedAverageExercisePrice_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="abvc_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsExercisedWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Share based compensation arrangement by share based payment award non option equity instrument   exercise weighted remaining contractual term.</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsExercisedWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm" xlink:to="abvc_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsExercisedWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="abvc_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsIssued_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award Non Option Equity Instruments Issued.</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsIssued" xlink:to="abvc_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsIssued_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="abvc_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsIssuedIntrinsicValue_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Share based compensation arrangement by share based payment award non option equity instrument  issued intrinsic value.</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsIssuedIntrinsicValue" xlink:to="abvc_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsIssuedIntrinsicValue_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="abvc_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsIssuedWeightedAverageExercisePrice_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Share based compensation arrangement by share based payment award non option equity instrument issued weighted average exercise price.</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsIssuedWeightedAverageExercisePrice" xlink:to="abvc_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsIssuedWeightedAverageExercisePrice_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="abvc_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsIssuedWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Share based compensation arrangement by share based payment award non option equity instrument  issued weighted remaining contractual term.</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsIssuedWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm" xlink:to="abvc_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsIssuedWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="abvc_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeitedIntrinsicValue_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Aggregate Intrinsic Value, Forfeited.</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeitedIntrinsicValue" xlink:to="abvc_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeitedIntrinsicValue_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="abvc_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantedIntrinsicValue_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Aggregate Intrinsic Value, Granted.</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantedIntrinsicValue" xlink:to="abvc_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantedIntrinsicValue_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="abvc_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice.</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice" xlink:to="abvc_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="abvc_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeitedWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Weighted average contractual life remaining in years, forfeited.</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeitedWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm" xlink:to="abvc_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeitedWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="abvc_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">The value of estimated use full lifes.</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm" xlink:to="abvc_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="abvc_SharesReceived_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Shares received.</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_SharesReceived" xlink:to="abvc_SharesReceived_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="abvc_ShortTermDebtMaturityDate_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Maturity date of short-term debt, in YYYY-MM-DD format.</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_ShortTermDebtMaturityDate" xlink:to="abvc_ShortTermDebtMaturityDate_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="abvc_StockBasedExpensesAmortizationPeriod_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Duration of Stock-based expenses amortization period.</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_StockBasedExpensesAmortizationPeriod" xlink:to="abvc_StockBasedExpensesAmortizationPeriod_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="abvc_StockIssueDuringPeriodCommonShares_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Stock issue during period common shares.</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_StockIssueDuringPeriodCommonShares" xlink:to="abvc_StockIssueDuringPeriodCommonShares_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="abvc_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesDistributeAsEmployeeCompensation_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Number of shares in distribute as employee compensation.</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesDistributeAsEmployeeCompensation" xlink:to="abvc_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesDistributeAsEmployeeCompensation_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="abvc_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesExerciseOfPrefundedWarrant_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">The share amount of exercise of pre-funded warrant.</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesExerciseOfPrefundedWarrant" xlink:to="abvc_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesExerciseOfPrefundedWarrant_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="abvc_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesIssuanceOfCommonSharesForAcquiringOfProperty_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Number of shares in issuance of common shares for acquiring of Property.</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesIssuanceOfCommonSharesForAcquiringOfProperty" xlink:to="abvc_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesIssuanceOfCommonSharesForAcquiringOfProperty_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="abvc_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesIssuanceOfCommonSharesForAcquisitionOfProperty_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">The number of shares issuance of common stock for acquiring of property.</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesIssuanceOfCommonSharesForAcquisitionOfProperty" xlink:to="abvc_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesIssuanceOfCommonSharesForAcquisitionOfProperty_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="abvc_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesIssuanceOfCommonSharesForExerciseOfWarrants_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Issuance of common shares for exercise of warrants.</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesIssuanceOfCommonSharesForExerciseOfWarrants" xlink:to="abvc_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesIssuanceOfCommonSharesForExerciseOfWarrants_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="abvc_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueIssuanceOfCommonSharesForAcquisitionOfProperty_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Value of stock 	issuance of common stock for acquiring of property.</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueIssuanceOfCommonSharesForAcquisitionOfProperty" xlink:to="abvc_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueIssuanceOfCommonSharesForAcquisitionOfProperty_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="abvc_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueIssuanceOfCommonSharesForExerciseOfWarrants_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Represents the amount of issuance of common shares for exercise of warrants.</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueIssuanceOfCommonSharesForExerciseOfWarrants" xlink:to="abvc_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueIssuanceOfCommonSharesForExerciseOfWarrants_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="abvc_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueIssuanceOfCommonSharesForLindCN_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Represents the amount of issuance of common shares for Lind CN.</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueIssuanceOfCommonSharesForLindCN" xlink:to="abvc_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueIssuanceOfCommonSharesForLindCN_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="abvc_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueIssuanceOfSubsidiarysCommonSharesForConsultingService_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Value of stock related to issuance of subsidiary&apos;s common shares for consulting service.</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueIssuanceOfSubsidiarysCommonSharesForConsultingService" xlink:to="abvc_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueIssuanceOfSubsidiarysCommonSharesForConsultingService_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="abvc_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueStockExerciseOfPrefundedWarrant_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">The amount of exercise of pre-funded warrant.</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueStockExerciseOfPrefundedWarrant" xlink:to="abvc_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueStockExerciseOfPrefundedWarrant_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="abvc_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueSubsidiaryExecutiveContribution_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Amount of subsidiary executive contribution.</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueSubsidiaryExecutiveContribution" xlink:to="abvc_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueSubsidiaryExecutiveContribution_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="abvc_StockSubscriptionReceived_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Value of shares of stock subscription received.</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_StockSubscriptionReceived" xlink:to="abvc_StockSubscriptionReceived_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="abvc_StockSubscriptionReceivedInAdvance_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">The amount of stock subscription received in advance.</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_StockSubscriptionReceivedInAdvance" xlink:to="abvc_StockSubscriptionReceivedInAdvance_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="abvc_TradingDays_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Trading days.</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_TradingDays" xlink:to="abvc_TradingDays_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="abvc_UnregisteredPricePerShares_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Unregistered price per shares.</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_UnregisteredPricePerShares" xlink:to="abvc_UnregisteredPricePerShares_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="abvc_ValuationOfDeferredTaxAssetsPolicyTextBlock_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Disclosure of accounting policy for valuation of deferred tax assets.</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_ValuationOfDeferredTaxAssetsPolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="abvc_ValuationOfDeferredTaxAssetsPolicyTextBlock_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="abvc_WorkingCapitalConvertibleLoanPercentage_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Percentage of working capital convertible loan.</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_WorkingCapitalConvertibleLoanPercentage" xlink:to="abvc_WorkingCapitalConvertibleLoanPercentage_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="abvc_WorkingCapitalDeficit_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Working capital deficit value.</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_WorkingCapitalDeficit" xlink:to="abvc_WorkingCapitalDeficit_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="abvc_WriteOffUnclaimedAccruedLiabilites_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Amount of write off unclaimed accrued liabilites.</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_WriteOffUnclaimedAccruedLiabilites" xlink:to="abvc_WriteOffUnclaimedAccruedLiabilites_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="abvc_royaltiesPercentage_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">royalties percentage.</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_royaltiesPercentage" xlink:to="abvc_royaltiesPercentage_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="abvc_TaiwanCentralDepositInsuranceCorporationMember_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Taiwan central deposit insurance corporation.</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_TaiwanCentralDepositInsuranceCorporationMember" xlink:to="abvc_TaiwanCentralDepositInsuranceCorporationMember_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="abvc_USFederalDepositInsuranceCorporationMember_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">US federal deposit insurance corporation.</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_USFederalDepositInsuranceCorporationMember" xlink:to="abvc_USFederalDepositInsuranceCorporationMember_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_OtherNoteOneMember_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Other Note One Member</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_OtherNoteOneMember" xlink:to="abvc_OtherNoteOneMember_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilities_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Other Accounts Payable and Accrued Liabilities</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilities" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilities_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_LicensingFees_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Licensing Fees</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_LicensingFees" xlink:to="abvc_LicensingFees_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_BHKCoDevelopmentAgreementMember_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">BHKCo Development Agreement Member</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_BHKCoDevelopmentAgreementMember" xlink:to="abvc_BHKCoDevelopmentAgreementMember_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_EarningsPerShareDiluted_lbl2" xml:lang="en-US">Earnings Per Share, Diluted</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_EarningsPerShareDiluted" xlink:to="us-gaap_EarningsPerShareDiluted_lbl2"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredCompensationArrangementWithIndividualExercisePrice_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Deferred Compensation Arrangement with Individual, Exercise Price</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DeferredCompensationArrangementWithIndividualExercisePrice" xlink:to="us-gaap_DeferredCompensationArrangementWithIndividualExercisePrice_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DerivativesPolicyTextBlock_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Derivatives, Policy [Policy Text Block]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DerivativesPolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_DerivativesPolicyTextBlock_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueSubsidiaryExecutiveContribution_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Stock Issued During Period Value Subsidiary Executive Contribution</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueSubsidiaryExecutiveContribution" xlink:to="abvc_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueSubsidiaryExecutiveContribution_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_BioFirstMember_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Bio First Member</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_BioFirstMember" xlink:to="abvc_BioFirstMember_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_ConversionMember_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Conversion Member</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_ConversionMember" xlink:to="abvc_ConversionMember_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AmortizationOfDebtDiscountPremium_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Amortization of Debt Discount (Premium)</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AmortizationOfDebtDiscountPremium" xlink:to="us-gaap_AmortizationOfDebtDiscountPremium_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueEmployeeStockPurchasePlan_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Stock Issued During Period, Value, Employee Stock Purchase Plan</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueEmployeeStockPurchasePlan" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueEmployeeStockPurchasePlan_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_WriteOffUnclaimedAccruedLiabilites_lbl2" xml:lang="en-US">Write Off Unclaimed Accrued Liabilites</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_WriteOffUnclaimedAccruedLiabilites" xlink:to="abvc_WriteOffUnclaimedAccruedLiabilites_lbl2"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_LicensingAgreement_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Licensing Agreement</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_LicensingAgreement" xlink:to="abvc_LicensingAgreement_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalStockIssuedIssuanceCosts_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Adjustments to Additional Paid in Capital, Stock Issued, Issuance Costs</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalStockIssuedIssuanceCosts" xlink:to="us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalStockIssuedIssuanceCosts_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_TheJiangsOneMember_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">The Jiangs One Member</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_TheJiangsOneMember" xlink:to="abvc_TheJiangsOneMember_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_PriorPeriodAdjustment_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Prior Period Adjustment</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_PriorPeriodAdjustment" xlink:to="abvc_PriorPeriodAdjustment_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AssetsNoncurrent_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Assets, Noncurrent</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AssetsNoncurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_AssetsNoncurrent_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_InvestmentIncomeInterest_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Investment Income, Interest</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_InvestmentIncomeInterest" xlink:to="us-gaap_InvestmentIncomeInterest_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Other Assets, Noncurrent</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfSegmentReportingInformationBySegmentTextBlock_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of Segment Reporting Information, by Segment [Table Text Block]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfSegmentReportingInformationBySegmentTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfSegmentReportingInformationBySegmentTextBlock_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CurrentForeignTaxExpenseBenefit_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Current Foreign Tax Expense (Benefit)</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CurrentForeignTaxExpenseBenefit" xlink:to="us-gaap_CurrentForeignTaxExpenseBenefit_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingExpensesAbstract_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Operating Expenses [Abstract]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingExpensesAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingExpensesAbstract_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapital_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Additional Paid in Capital</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapital" xlink:to="us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapital_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProceedsFromShortTermDebt_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Proceeds from Short-Term Debt</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ProceedsFromShortTermDebt" xlink:to="us-gaap_ProceedsFromShortTermDebt_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_WeightedAverageRemainingLeaseTermAbstract0_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Weighted Average Remaining Lease Term Abstract0</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_WeightedAverageRemainingLeaseTermAbstract0" xlink:to="abvc_WeightedAverageRemainingLeaseTermAbstract0_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_AddLessAbstract_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Add Less Abstract</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_AddLessAbstract" xlink:to="abvc_AddLessAbstract_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_SupplementalCashFlowInformationAbstract_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Supplemental Cash Flow Information [Abstract]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_SupplementalCashFlowInformationAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_SupplementalCashFlowInformationAbstract_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueShareBasedCompensation_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Shares Issued, Value, Share-Based Payment Arrangement, after Forfeiture</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueShareBasedCompensation" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueShareBasedCompensation_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedAndExpectedToVestExercisableAggregateIntrinsicValue_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Vested and Expected to Vest, Exercisable, Aggregate Intrinsic Value</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedAndExpectedToVestExercisableAggregateIntrinsicValue" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedAndExpectedToVestExercisableAggregateIntrinsicValue_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsExercisedIntrinsicValue_lbl2" xml:lang="en-US">Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award Non Option Equity Instruments Exercised Intrinsic Value</label>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProceedsFromContributedCapital_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Proceeds from Contributed Capital</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ProceedsFromContributedCapital" xlink:to="us-gaap_ProceedsFromContributedCapital_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Cash Provided by (Used in) Operating Activity, Including Discontinued Operation [Abstract]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_AverageIssuancePricePerShare_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Average Issuance Price Per Share</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_AverageIssuancePricePerShare" xlink:to="abvc_AverageIssuancePricePerShare_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfStockholdersEquityNoteWarrantsOrRightsTextBlock_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of Stockholders&apos; Equity Note, Warrants or Rights [Table Text Block]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfStockholdersEquityNoteWarrantsOrRightsTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfStockholdersEquityNoteWarrantsOrRightsTextBlock_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationOptionAndIncentivePlansPolicy_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Policy Text Block]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationOptionAndIncentivePlansPolicy" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationOptionAndIncentivePlansPolicy_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInPrepaidExpensesOther_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Increase (Decrease) in Prepaid Expenses, Other</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInPrepaidExpensesOther" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInPrepaidExpensesOther_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Common Stock, Shares, Outstanding</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding" xlink:to="us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_LiquidityGoingConcernAndRestatementTextBlock_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Liquidity Going Concern And Restatement Text Block</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_LiquidityGoingConcernAndRestatementTextBlock" xlink:to="abvc_LiquidityGoingConcernAndRestatementTextBlock_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_InvestmentTextBlock_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Investment [Text Block]</label>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_UnregisteredPricePerShares_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Unregistered Price Per Shares</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_UnregisteredPricePerShares" xlink:to="abvc_UnregisteredPricePerShares_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_SharesIssued_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Shares, Issued</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_SharesIssued" xlink:to="us-gaap_SharesIssued_lbl0"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_ScheduleOfLossPerShareAbstract" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_ScheduleOfLossPerShareAbstract"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_ScheduleOfLossPerShareAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule Of Loss Per Share Abstract</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_ScheduleOfLossPerShareAbstract" xlink:to="abvc_ScheduleOfLossPerShareAbstract_lbl"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="srt_MinimumMember_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Minimum [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="srt_MinimumMember" xlink:to="srt_MinimumMember_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_BioFirstReceivesMember_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Bio First Receives Member</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_BioFirstReceivesMember" xlink:to="abvc_BioFirstReceivesMember_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtConversionConvertedInstrumentSharesIssued1_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Debt Conversion, Converted Instrument, Shares Issued</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DebtConversionConvertedInstrumentSharesIssued1" xlink:to="us-gaap_DebtConversionConvertedInstrumentSharesIssued1_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Payments to Acquire Property, Plant, and Equipment</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment" xlink:to="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockConvertibleConversionPriceIncrease_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Common Stock, Convertible, Conversion Price, Increase</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CommonStockConvertibleConversionPriceIncrease" xlink:to="us-gaap_CommonStockConvertibleConversionPriceIncrease_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_WeightedAverageNumberOfCommonSharesOutstandingAbstract_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Weighted Average Number Of Common Shares Outstanding Abstract</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_WeightedAverageNumberOfCommonSharesOutstandingAbstract" xlink:to="abvc_WeightedAverageNumberOfCommonSharesOutstandingAbstract_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_TreasuryStockCommonMember_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Treasury Stock, Common [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_TreasuryStockCommonMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_TreasuryStockCommonMember_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShortTermDebtPercentageBearingFixedInterestRate_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Short-Term Debt, Percentage Bearing Fixed Interest Rate</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShortTermDebtPercentageBearingFixedInterestRate" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShortTermDebtPercentageBearingFixedInterestRate_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_StockSubscriptionReceivedInAdvance_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Stock Subscription Received In Advance</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_StockSubscriptionReceivedInAdvance" xlink:to="abvc_StockSubscriptionReceivedInAdvance_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_TradingDays_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Trading Days</label>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CollaborativeArrangementMember_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Collaborative Arrangement [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CollaborativeArrangementMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_CollaborativeArrangementMember_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesOutstanding_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Preferred Stock, Shares Outstanding</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesOutstanding" xlink:to="us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesOutstanding_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireInterestInJointVenture_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Payments to Acquire Interest in Joint Venture</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireInterestInJointVenture" xlink:to="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireInterestInJointVenture_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_ChiefStrategicOfficerMember_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Chief Strategic Officer Member</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_ChiefStrategicOfficerMember" xlink:to="abvc_ChiefStrategicOfficerMember_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_IssuanceOfSubsidiarysCommonStockForConsultingServices_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Issuance Of Subsidiarys Common Stock For Consulting Services</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_IssuanceOfSubsidiarysCommonStockForConsultingServices" xlink:to="abvc_IssuanceOfSubsidiarysCommonStockForConsultingServices_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_StockBasedExpensesAmortizationPeriod_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Stock Based Expenses Amortization Period</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_StockBasedExpensesAmortizationPeriod" xlink:to="abvc_StockBasedExpensesAmortizationPeriod_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesShareBasedCompensation_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Shares Issued, Shares, Share-Based Payment Arrangement, after Forfeiture</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesShareBasedCompensation" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesShareBasedCompensation_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_PrepaymentForLongtermInvestmentsNoncurrent_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Prepayment For Longterm Investments Noncurrent</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_PrepaymentForLongtermInvestmentsNoncurrent" xlink:to="abvc_PrepaymentForLongtermInvestmentsNoncurrent_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockSharesAuthorized_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Common Stock, Shares Authorized</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CommonStockSharesAuthorized" xlink:to="us-gaap_CommonStockSharesAuthorized_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxPolicyTextBlock_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Income Tax, Policy [Policy Text Block]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeTaxPolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncomeTaxPolicyTextBlock_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" xlink:to="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesAuthorized_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Preferred Stock, Shares Authorized</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesAuthorized" xlink:to="us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesAuthorized_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerIncludingAssessedTax_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Revenue from Contract with Customer, Including Assessed Tax</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerIncludingAssessedTax" xlink:to="us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerIncludingAssessedTax_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_SecurityDepositLiability_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Security Deposit Liability</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_SecurityDepositLiability" xlink:to="us-gaap_SecurityDepositLiability_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentAdditionalInformation_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Equity Method Investment, Additional Information</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentAdditionalInformation" xlink:to="us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentAdditionalInformation_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Other Accrued Liabilities, Current</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_TradeAndOtherAccountsReceivablePolicy_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Accounts Receivable [Policy Text Block]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_TradeAndOtherAccountsReceivablePolicy" xlink:to="us-gaap_TradeAndOtherAccountsReceivablePolicy_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageDiscountRatePercent_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Operating Lease, Weighted Average Discount Rate, Percent</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageDiscountRatePercent" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageDiscountRatePercent_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_ConsultantMember_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Consultant Member</label>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_PostretirementAndPostemploymentBenefitsMember_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Postretirement And Postemployment Benefits Member</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_PostretirementAndPostemploymentBenefitsMember" xlink:to="abvc_PostretirementAndPostemploymentBenefitsMember_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Additional Paid-in Capital [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember_lbl0"/>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivitiesAbstract_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Cash Provided by (Used in) Financing Activity, Including Discontinued Operation [Abstract]</label>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_ScheduleOfAmountDueToRelatedPartiesTableTextBlock_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule Of Amount Due To Related Parties Table Text Block</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_ScheduleOfAmountDueToRelatedPartiesTableTextBlock" xlink:to="abvc_ScheduleOfAmountDueToRelatedPartiesTableTextBlock_lbl1"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_UnauditedCondensedConsolidatedStatementsOfStockholdersEquityDeficitAbstract" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_UnauditedCondensedConsolidatedStatementsOfStockholdersEquityDeficitAbstract"/>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivitiesAbstract_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Cash Provided by (Used in) Investing Activity, Including Discontinued Operation [Abstract]</label>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_AmendmentDescription_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Amendment Description</label>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueIssuanceOfSubsidiarysCommonSharesForConsultingService_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Stock Issued During Period Value Issuance Of Subsidiarys Common Shares For Consulting Service</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueIssuanceOfSubsidiarysCommonSharesForConsultingService" xlink:to="abvc_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueIssuanceOfSubsidiarysCommonSharesForConsultingService_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_LaborPensionFundPerMonth_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Labor Pension Fund Per Month</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_LaborPensionFundPerMonth" xlink:to="abvc_LaborPensionFundPerMonth_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivitiesContinuingOperations_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Cash Provided by (Used in) Financing Activity, Continuing Operation</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivitiesContinuingOperations" xlink:to="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivitiesContinuingOperations_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_LessAbstract_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Less Abstract</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_LessAbstract" xlink:to="abvc_LessAbstract_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_EquityMethodInvestmentsOwnershipPercentage_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Equity Method Investments Ownership Percentage</label>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_SignificantAccountingPoliciesTextBlock_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Significant Accounting Policies [Text Block]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_SignificantAccountingPoliciesTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_SignificantAccountingPoliciesTextBlock_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_EquityMethodLongTermInvestment_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Equity Method Long Term Investment</label>
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    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_ScheduleOfRelatedPartiesOfTheCompanyWithWhomTransactionsAbstract" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_ScheduleOfRelatedPartiesOfTheCompanyWithWhomTransactionsAbstract"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_ScheduleOfRelatedPartiesOfTheCompanyWithWhomTransactionsAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule Of Related Parties Of The Company With Whom Transactions Abstract</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_ScheduleOfRelatedPartiesOfTheCompanyWithWhomTransactionsAbstract" xlink:to="abvc_ScheduleOfRelatedPartiesOfTheCompanyWithWhomTransactionsAbstract_lbl"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearThree_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Lessee, Operating Lease, Liability, to be Paid, Year Three</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearThree" xlink:to="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearThree_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Retained Earnings (Accumulated Deficit)</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit" xlink:to="us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTax_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Foreign Currency Transaction and Translation Adjustment, Net of Tax</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTax" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTax_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentRedemptionPricePercentageOfPrincipalAmountRedeemed_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Debt Instrument, Redemption Price, Percentage of Principal Amount Redeemed</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentRedemptionPricePercentageOfPrincipalAmountRedeemed" xlink:to="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentRedemptionPricePercentageOfPrincipalAmountRedeemed_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesContinuingOperations_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Cash Provided by (Used in) Operating Activity, Continuing Operation</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesContinuingOperations" xlink:to="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesContinuingOperations_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilitiesDisclosureTextBlock_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Accounts Payable and Accrued Liabilities Disclosure [Text Block]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilitiesDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilitiesDisclosureTextBlock_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfShortTermDebtTextBlock_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of Short-Term Debt [Table Text Block]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfShortTermDebtTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfShortTermDebtTextBlock_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProceedsFromRelatedPartyDebt_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Proceeds from Related Party Debt</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ProceedsFromRelatedPartyDebt" xlink:to="us-gaap_ProceedsFromRelatedPartyDebt_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">AOCI Attributable to Parent [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_ScheduleOfPursuantLicensingAgreementRelatedAmendmentTableTextBLock_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule Of Pursuant Licensing Agreement Related Amendment Table Text BLock</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_ScheduleOfPursuantLicensingAgreementRelatedAmendmentTableTextBLock" xlink:to="abvc_ScheduleOfPursuantLicensingAgreementRelatedAmendmentTableTextBLock_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CurrentFederalStateAndLocalTaxExpenseBenefitAbstract_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Current Federal, State and Local, Tax Expense (Benefit) [Abstract]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CurrentFederalStateAndLocalTaxExpenseBenefitAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_CurrentFederalStateAndLocalTaxExpenseBenefitAbstract_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_GainLossOnInvestments_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Gain (Loss) on Investments</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_GainLossOnInvestments" xlink:to="us-gaap_GainLossOnInvestments_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_AcquisitionForNetSales_lbl2" xml:lang="en-US">Acquisition For Net Sales</label>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockCapitalSharesReservedForFutureIssuance_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Common Stock, Capital Shares Reserved for Future Issuance</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CommonStockCapitalSharesReservedForFutureIssuance" xlink:to="us-gaap_CommonStockCapitalSharesReservedForFutureIssuance_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_LiabilitiesAndEquityAbstract_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Liabilities And Equity Abstract</label>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_OtherIncomeExpenseAbstract_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Other Income Expense Abstract</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_OtherIncomeExpenseAbstract" xlink:to="abvc_OtherIncomeExpenseAbstract_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_OtherNoteMember_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Other Note Member</label>
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    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_ScheduleOfBalanceSheetsAbstract" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_ScheduleOfBalanceSheetsAbstract"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_ScheduleOfBalanceSheetsAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule Of Balance Sheets Abstract</label>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AssetAcquisitionTextBlock_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Asset Acquisition [Text Block]</label>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedPaymentArrangementNonemployeeMember_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Nonemployee [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedPaymentArrangementNonemployeeMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedPaymentArrangementNonemployeeMember_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConvertibleDebtMember_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Convertible Debt [Member]</label>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_WorkingCapitalDeficit_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Working Capital Deficit</label>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_AccruedResearchAndDevelopmentExpense_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Accrued Research And Development Expense</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_AccruedResearchAndDevelopmentExpense" xlink:to="abvc_AccruedResearchAndDevelopmentExpense_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_PurchaseOfPropertyAndEquipmentByIssuingCommonStockToAThirdParty_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Purchase Of Property And Equipment By Issuing Common Stock To AThird Party</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_PurchaseOfPropertyAndEquipmentByIssuingCommonStockToAThirdParty" xlink:to="abvc_PurchaseOfPropertyAndEquipmentByIssuingCommonStockToAThirdParty_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_ValuationOfDeferredTaxAssetsPolicyTextBlock_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Valuation Of Deferred Tax Assets Policy Text Block</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_ValuationOfDeferredTaxAssetsPolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="abvc_ValuationOfDeferredTaxAssetsPolicyTextBlock_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_WarrantExercisePriceIncrease_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Warrant, Exercise Price, Increase</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_WarrantExercisePriceIncrease" xlink:to="us-gaap_WarrantExercisePriceIncrease_lbl1"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_ScheduleOfImpactOfTheRestatementAbstract" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_ScheduleOfImpactOfTheRestatementAbstract"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_ScheduleOfImpactOfTheRestatementAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule Of Impact Of The Restatement Abstract</label>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_WeightedAverageRemainingLeaseTermAbstract_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Weighted Average Remaining Lease Term Abstract</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_WeightedAverageRemainingLeaseTermAbstract" xlink:to="abvc_WeightedAverageRemainingLeaseTermAbstract_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAssetAmortizationExpense_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Operating Lease, Right-of-Use Asset, Periodic Reduction</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAssetAmortizationExpense" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAssetAmortizationExpense_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OfficeEquipmentMember_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Office Equipment [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OfficeEquipmentMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_OfficeEquipmentMember_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_Land_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Land</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_Land" xlink:to="us-gaap_Land_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LandAndLandImprovements_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Land and Land Improvements</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LandAndLandImprovements" xlink:to="us-gaap_LandAndLandImprovements_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockholdersEquity_lbl2" xml:lang="en-US">Equity, Attributable to Parent</label>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_ZhongHuiLianHeJiTuanLtdMember_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Zhong Hui Lian He Ji Tuan Ltd Member</label>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_GenepharmBiotechCorporationMember_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Genepharm Biotech Corporation Member</label>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentsPolicy_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Equity Method Investments [Policy Text Block]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentsPolicy" xlink:to="us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentsPolicy_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesIssuanceOfCommonSharesForExerciseOfWarrants_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Stock Issued During Period Shares Issuance Of Common Shares For Exercise Of Warrants</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesIssuanceOfCommonSharesForExerciseOfWarrants" xlink:to="abvc_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesIssuanceOfCommonSharesForExerciseOfWarrants_lbl1"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_ScheduleOfShortTermLoansAbstract" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_ScheduleOfShortTermLoansAbstract"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_ScheduleOfShortTermLoansAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule Of Short Term Loans Abstract</label>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfDeferredTaxAssetsAndLiabilitiesTableTextBlock_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities [Table Text Block]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfDeferredTaxAssetsAndLiabilitiesTableTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfDeferredTaxAssetsAndLiabilitiesTableTextBlock_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_AiBtlBioPharmaIncMember_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Ai Btl Bio Pharma Inc Member</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_AiBtlBioPharmaIncMember" xlink:to="abvc_AiBtlBioPharmaIncMember_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingenciesPolicyTextBlock_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Commitments and Contingencies, Policy [Policy Text Block]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingenciesPolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingenciesPolicyTextBlock_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_AdvisorsOneMember_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Advisors One Member</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_AdvisorsOneMember" xlink:to="abvc_AdvisorsOneMember_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_InvestmentCompanyExcessExpenseReimbursable_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Investment Company, Reimbursable Excess Expense</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_InvestmentCompanyExcessExpenseReimbursable" xlink:to="us-gaap_InvestmentCompanyExcessExpenseReimbursable_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_CommonStockSharesIssuedForRent_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Common Stock Shares Issued For Rent</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_CommonStockSharesIssuedForRent" xlink:to="abvc_CommonStockSharesIssuedForRent_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Deferred Tax Assets, Valuation Allowance</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance" xlink:to="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_GeneralPartnersCapitalAccount_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">General Partners&apos; Capital Account</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_GeneralPartnersCapitalAccount" xlink:to="us-gaap_GeneralPartnersCapitalAccount_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAvailableToCommonStockholdersBasic_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Net Income (Loss) Available to Common Stockholders, Basic</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAvailableToCommonStockholdersBasic" xlink:to="us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAvailableToCommonStockholdersBasic_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Share Based Compensation Arrangements By Share Based Payment Award Non Option Equity Instruments Outstanding Weighted Average Exercise Price</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice" xlink:to="abvc_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="srt_ScenarioPreviouslyReportedMember_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Previously Reported [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="srt_ScenarioPreviouslyReportedMember" xlink:to="srt_ScenarioPreviouslyReportedMember_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Deferred Income Tax Expense (Benefit)</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" xlink:to="us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredGoodwillAndLiabilitiesAssumedNet_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Business Combination, Recognized Asset Acquired to Liability Assumed, Excess (Less), and Goodwill</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredGoodwillAndLiabilitiesAssumedNet" xlink:to="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredGoodwillAndLiabilitiesAssumedNet_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_CashFlowsFromFinancingActivitiesAbstract_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Cash Flows From Financing Activities Abstract</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_CashFlowsFromFinancingActivitiesAbstract" xlink:to="abvc_CashFlowsFromFinancingActivitiesAbstract_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_LindOfferingsMember_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Lind Offerings Member</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_LindOfferingsMember" xlink:to="abvc_LindOfferingsMember_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProceedsFromWarrantExercises_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Proceeds from Warrant Exercises</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ProceedsFromWarrantExercises" xlink:to="us-gaap_ProceedsFromWarrantExercises_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_CashPortionOfTheLindNoteRepayments_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Cash Portion Of The Lind Note Repayments</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_CashPortionOfTheLindNoteRepayments" xlink:to="abvc_CashPortionOfTheLindNoteRepayments_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_MilestonePaymentsRoyaltyPercentage_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Milestone Payments Royalty Percentage</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_MilestonePaymentsRoyaltyPercentage" xlink:to="abvc_MilestonePaymentsRoyaltyPercentage_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanServiceCost_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Defined Benefit Plan, Service Cost</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanServiceCost" xlink:to="us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanServiceCost_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLeaseIncomeLeasePayments_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Operating Lease, Lease Income, Lease Payments</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLeaseIncomeLeasePayments" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLeaseIncomeLeasePayments_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_NetSalesProfitPercentage_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Net Sales Profit Percentage</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_NetSalesProfitPercentage" xlink:to="abvc_NetSalesProfitPercentage_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionRate_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Related Party Transaction, Rate</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionRate" xlink:to="us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionRate_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueStockExerciseOfPrefundedWarrant_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Stock Issued During Period Value Stock Exercise Of Prefunded Warrant</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueStockExerciseOfPrefundedWarrant" xlink:to="abvc_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueStockExerciseOfPrefundedWarrant_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShortTermBorrowings_lbl2" xml:lang="en-US">Short-Term Debt</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShortTermBorrowings" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShortTermBorrowings_lbl2"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpensePolicy_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Research and Development Expense, Policy [Policy Text Block]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpensePolicy" xlink:to="us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpensePolicy_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentType_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Document Type</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentType" xlink:to="dei_DocumentType_lbl0"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_ScheduleOfExtentTheInvesteeReliesAbstract" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_ScheduleOfExtentTheInvesteeReliesAbstract"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_ScheduleOfExtentTheInvesteeReliesAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule Of Extent The Investee Relies Abstract</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_ScheduleOfExtentTheInvesteeReliesAbstract" xlink:to="abvc_ScheduleOfExtentTheInvesteeReliesAbstract_lbl"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Cash, Cash Equivalent, Restricted Cash, and Restricted Cash Equivalent, Continuing Operation</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents" xlink:to="us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents_lbl1"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_ScheduleOfWarrantsIssuedAndOutstandingAbstract" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_ScheduleOfWarrantsIssuedAndOutstandingAbstract"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_ScheduleOfWarrantsIssuedAndOutstandingAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule Of Warrants Issued And Outstanding Abstract</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_ScheduleOfWarrantsIssuedAndOutstandingAbstract" xlink:to="abvc_ScheduleOfWarrantsIssuedAndOutstandingAbstract_lbl"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_FEYEMember_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">FEYEMember</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_FEYEMember" xlink:to="abvc_FEYEMember_lbl0"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueAbstract" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueAbstract"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Operating Leases, Future Minimum Payments Due, Fiscal Year Maturity [Abstract]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueAbstract_lbl"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalOther_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Adjustments to Additional Paid in Capital, Other</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalOther" xlink:to="us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalOther_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_CashPaidMember_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Cash Paid Member</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_CashPaidMember" xlink:to="abvc_CashPaidMember_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesExerciseOfPrefundedWarrant_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Stock Issued During Period Shares Exercise Of Prefunded Warrant</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesExerciseOfPrefundedWarrant" xlink:to="abvc_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesExerciseOfPrefundedWarrant_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConvertibleNotesPayableMember_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Convertible Notes Payable [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ConvertibleNotesPayableMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_ConvertibleNotesPayableMember_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_ScheduleOfDueFromRelatedPartyCurrentAndNonCurrentTableTextBlock_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule Of Due From Related Party Current And Non Current Table Text Block</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_ScheduleOfDueFromRelatedPartyCurrentAndNonCurrentTableTextBlock" xlink:to="abvc_ScheduleOfDueFromRelatedPartyCurrentAndNonCurrentTableTextBlock_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_ServiceAgreementEligibilityAmount_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Service Agreement Eligibility Amount</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_ServiceAgreementEligibilityAmount" xlink:to="abvc_ServiceAgreementEligibilityAmount_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsReceivable_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Increase (Decrease) in Accounts Receivable</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsReceivable" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsReceivable_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentInterestRateEffectivePercentage_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Effective Percentage</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentInterestRateEffectivePercentage" xlink:to="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentInterestRateEffectivePercentage_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_AsRestatedMember_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">As Restated Member</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_AsRestatedMember" xlink:to="abvc_AsRestatedMember_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_NumberOfSharesReceived_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Number Of Shares Received</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_NumberOfSharesReceived" xlink:to="abvc_NumberOfSharesReceived_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ImpairmentOrDisposalOfLongLivedAssetsPolicyTextBlock_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets, Policy [Policy Text Block]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ImpairmentOrDisposalOfLongLivedAssetsPolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_ImpairmentOrDisposalOfLongLivedAssetsPolicyTextBlock_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtConversionConvertedInstrumentWarrantsOrOptionsIssued1_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Debt Conversion, Converted Instrument, Warrants or Options Issued</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DebtConversionConvertedInstrumentWarrantsOrOptionsIssued1" xlink:to="us-gaap_DebtConversionConvertedInstrumentWarrantsOrOptionsIssued1_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_AdditionCashPayment_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Addition Cash Payment</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_AdditionCashPayment" xlink:to="abvc_AdditionCashPayment_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Noncash Expense</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_DebtInstrumentCarryingValue_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Debt Instrument Carrying Value</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_DebtInstrumentCarryingValue" xlink:to="abvc_DebtInstrumentCarryingValue_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesAbstract_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Liabilities [Abstract]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LiabilitiesAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_LiabilitiesAbstract_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Outstanding, Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2" xlink:to="us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantedIntrinsicValue_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award Options Granted Intrinsic Value</label>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_ThirdLetterAgreementMember_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Third Letter Agreement Member</label>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_DebtInstrumentPrincipalAmountAtBalanceSheetDate_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Debt Instrument Principal Amount At Balance Sheet Date</label>
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    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_AdjustmentsToReconcileNetLossToNetCashUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract" xlink:to="abvc_AdjustmentsToReconcileNetLossToNetCashUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesIssuanceOfCommonSharesForAcquiringOfProperty_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Stock Issued During Period Shares Issuance Of Common Shares For Acquiring Of Property</label>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockValue_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Common Stock, Value, Issued</label>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_CashFlowsFromInvestingActivitiesAbstract_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Cash Flows From Investing Activities Abstract</label>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentConvertibleConversionPrice1_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Debt Instrument, Convertible, Conversion Price</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentConvertibleConversionPrice1" xlink:to="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentConvertibleConversionPrice1_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherReceivables_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Other Receivables</label>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCashAndEquivalents_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Business Combination, Recognized Asset Acquired, Cash and Cash Equivalent</label>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsExercised_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Non-Option Equity Instruments, Exercised</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsExercised" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsExercised_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_BioFirstAustraliaPtyLtdtheBioFirstAustraliaMember_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Bio First Australia Pty Ltdthe Bio First Australia Member</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_BioFirstAustraliaPtyLtdtheBioFirstAustraliaMember" xlink:to="abvc_BioFirstAustraliaPtyLtdtheBioFirstAustraliaMember_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CostOfGoodsAndServicesSold_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Cost of Product and Service Sold</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CostOfGoodsAndServicesSold" xlink:to="us-gaap_CostOfGoodsAndServicesSold_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Share-Based Compensation Arrangements by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Grants in Period, Weighted Average Exercise Price</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockSplits_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Stock Issued During Period, Shares, Stock Splits</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockSplits" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockSplits_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_BasisOfAccountingPolicyPolicyTextBlock_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Basis of Accounting, Policy [Policy Text Block]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_BasisOfAccountingPolicyPolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_BasisOfAccountingPolicyPolicyTextBlock_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_SubsidiaryOfLimitedLiabilityCompanyOrLimitedPartnershipState_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Subsidiary of Limited Liability Company or Limited Partnership, State</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_SubsidiaryOfLimitedLiabilityCompanyOrLimitedPartnershipState" xlink:to="us-gaap_SubsidiaryOfLimitedLiabilityCompanyOrLimitedPartnershipState_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssues_lbl2" xml:lang="en-US">Stock Issued During Period, Value, New Issues</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssues" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssues_lbl2"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_AdditionalMilestonePaymentInCash_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Additional Milestone Payment In Cash</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_AdditionalMilestonePaymentInCash" xlink:to="abvc_AdditionalMilestonePaymentInCash_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ReconciliationOfOtherSignificantReconcilingItemsFromSegmentsToConsolidatedTextBlock_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Segment, Reconciliation of Other Items from Segments to Consolidated [Table Text Block]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ReconciliationOfOtherSignificantReconcilingItemsFromSegmentsToConsolidatedTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_ReconciliationOfOtherSignificantReconcilingItemsFromSegmentsToConsolidatedTextBlock_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_CashPaidDuringTheYearForAbstract_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Cash Paid During The Year For Abstract</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_CashPaidDuringTheYearForAbstract" xlink:to="abvc_CashPaidDuringTheYearForAbstract_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_NewAccountingPronouncementsPolicyPolicyTextBlock_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">New Accounting Pronouncements, Policy [Policy Text Block]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_NewAccountingPronouncementsPolicyPolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_NewAccountingPronouncementsPolicyPolicyTextBlock_lbl0"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeStatementAbstract" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeStatementAbstract"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeStatementAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Income Statement [Abstract]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeStatementAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncomeStatementAbstract_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_ScheduleOfAccountsReceivableDueFromRelatedPartiesAbstract" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_ScheduleOfAccountsReceivableDueFromRelatedPartiesAbstract"/>
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    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_ScheduleOfAccountsReceivableDueFromRelatedPartiesAbstract" xlink:to="abvc_ScheduleOfAccountsReceivableDueFromRelatedPartiesAbstract_lbl"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLeaseAssets_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Deferred Tax Assets Operating Lease Assets</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLeaseAssets" xlink:to="abvc_DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLeaseAssets_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_JaimesVargasRussmanMember_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Jaimes Vargas Russman Member</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_JaimesVargasRussmanMember" xlink:to="abvc_JaimesVargasRussmanMember_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_CathayUnitedLoanAgreementMember_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Cathay United Loan Agreement Member</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_CathayUnitedLoanAgreementMember" xlink:to="abvc_CathayUnitedLoanAgreementMember_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_LionArtsPromotionIncMember_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Lion Arts Promotion Inc Member</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_LionArtsPromotionIncMember" xlink:to="abvc_LionArtsPromotionIncMember_lbl0"/>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Research and Development Expense</label>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PostemploymentBenefitPlansPolicy_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Postemployment Benefit Plans, Policy [Policy Text Block]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PostemploymentBenefitPlansPolicy" xlink:to="us-gaap_PostemploymentBenefitPlansPolicy_lbl0"/>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_PercentageOfDevelopAndCommercialize_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Percentage Of Develop And Commercialize</label>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_BHKCoDevelopmentAggreementMember_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">BHKCo Development Aggreement Member</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_BHKCoDevelopmentAggreementMember" xlink:to="abvc_BHKCoDevelopmentAggreementMember_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesIssuedForServices_lbl2" xml:lang="en-US">Stock Issued During Period, Shares, Issued for Services</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesIssuedForServices" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesIssuedForServices_lbl2"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalCommonStock_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Additional Paid in Capital, Common Stock</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalCommonStock" xlink:to="us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalCommonStock_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_LicensingAgreementMember_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Licensing Agreement Member</label>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiability_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Operating Lease, Liability</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiability" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiability_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_TaiwanCentralDepositInsuranceCorporationMember_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Taiwan Central Deposit Insurance Corporation Member</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_TaiwanCentralDepositInsuranceCorporationMember" xlink:to="abvc_TaiwanCentralDepositInsuranceCorporationMember_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAvailableToCommonStockholdersBasicAbstract_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Net Income (Loss) Available to Common Stockholders, Basic [Abstract]</label>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_SubsidiaryOfLimitedLiabilityCompanyOrLimitedPartnershipOwnershipInterest_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Subsidiary of Limited Liability Company or Limited Partnership, Ownership Interest</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_SubsidiaryOfLimitedLiabilityCompanyOrLimitedPartnershipOwnershipInterest" xlink:to="us-gaap_SubsidiaryOfLimitedLiabilityCompanyOrLimitedPartnershipOwnershipInterest_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_MachineryAndEquipmentMember_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Machinery and Equipment [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_MachineryAndEquipmentMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_MachineryAndEquipmentMember_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpenseNetOfTax_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Expense, after Tax</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpenseNetOfTax" xlink:to="us-gaap_AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpenseNetOfTax_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Cash Provided by (Used in) Financing Activity, Including Discontinued Operation</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities" xlink:to="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_OutstandingBalanceAmount_lbl2" xml:lang="en-US">Outstanding Balance Amount</label>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_WeightedAverageNumberOfCommonSharesOutstanding1Abstract_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Weighted Average Number Of Common Shares Outstanding1 Abstract</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_WeightedAverageNumberOfCommonSharesOutstanding1Abstract" xlink:to="abvc_WeightedAverageNumberOfCommonSharesOutstanding1Abstract_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentIssuedPrincipal_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Debt Instrument, Issued, Principal</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentIssuedPrincipal" xlink:to="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentIssuedPrincipal_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_LindGlobalFundIILPLindMember_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Lind Global Fund IILPLind Member</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_LindGlobalFundIILPLindMember" xlink:to="abvc_LindGlobalFundIILPLindMember_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_RepaymentsOfRelatedPartyDebt_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Repayments of Related Party Debt</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_RepaymentsOfRelatedPartyDebt" xlink:to="us-gaap_RepaymentsOfRelatedPartyDebt_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PaymentsForRepurchaseOfWarrants_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Payments for Repurchase of Warrants</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PaymentsForRepurchaseOfWarrants" xlink:to="us-gaap_PaymentsForRepurchaseOfWarrants_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_ProceedsFromSubsidiarysShareholderContribution_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Proceeds From Subsidiarys Shareholder Contribution</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_ProceedsFromSubsidiarysShareholderContribution" xlink:to="abvc_ProceedsFromSubsidiarysShareholderContribution_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueAcquisitions_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Stock Issued During Period, Value, Acquisitions</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueAcquisitions" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueAcquisitions_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_InterestExpenseNonoperating_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Interest Expense, Nonoperating</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_InterestExpenseNonoperating" xlink:to="us-gaap_InterestExpenseNonoperating_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_EmployeeRelatedLiabilitiesCurrent_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Employee-related Liabilities, Current</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_EmployeeRelatedLiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_EmployeeRelatedLiabilitiesCurrent_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_WarrantMember_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Warrant [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_WarrantMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_WarrantMember_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_SubsequentEventMember_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Subsequent Event [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_SubsequentEventMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_SubsequentEventMember_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesDistributeAsEmployeeCompensation_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Stock Issued During Period Shares Distribute As Employee Compensation</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesDistributeAsEmployeeCompensation" xlink:to="abvc_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesDistributeAsEmployeeCompensation_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProvisionForDoubtfulAccounts_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Accounts Receivable, Credit Loss Expense (Reversal)</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ProvisionForDoubtfulAccounts" xlink:to="us-gaap_ProvisionForDoubtfulAccounts_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentConvertibleThresholdPercentageOfStockPriceTrigger_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Debt Instrument, Convertible, Threshold Percentage of Stock Price Trigger</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentConvertibleThresholdPercentageOfStockPriceTrigger" xlink:to="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentConvertibleThresholdPercentageOfStockPriceTrigger_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_IssuanceOfCommonStockForConversionOfDebt_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Issuance Of Common Stock For Conversion Of Debt</label>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_ConsultingFee_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Consulting Fee</label>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ReceivableWithImputedInterestFaceAmount_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Receivable with Imputed Interest, Face Amount</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ReceivableWithImputedInterestFaceAmount" xlink:to="us-gaap_ReceivableWithImputedInterestFaceAmount_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInSecurityDeposits_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Increase (Decrease) in Security Deposits</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInSecurityDeposits" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInSecurityDeposits_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_EmployeeBenefitsAndShareBasedCompensation_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Employee Benefits and Share-Based Compensation</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_EmployeeBenefitsAndShareBasedCompensation" xlink:to="us-gaap_EmployeeBenefitsAndShareBasedCompensation_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInInventories_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Increase (Decrease) in Inventories</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInInventories" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInInventories_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_CTBCBankMember_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">CTBCBank Member</label>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_BioHopeKingCorporationBHKMember_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Bio Hope King Corporation BHKMember</label>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableNumber_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Exercisable, Number</label>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityRegistrantName_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Registrant Name</label>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_TaxesPayableCurrent_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Taxes Payable, Current</label>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingencies_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Commitments and Contingencies</label>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PaymentsForRent_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Payments for Rent</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PaymentsForRent" xlink:to="us-gaap_PaymentsForRent_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_BraingenesisBiotechnologyCoLtdMember_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Braingenesis Biotechnology Co Ltd Member</label>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentInterestRateStatedPercentage_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentInterestRateStatedPercentage" xlink:to="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentInterestRateStatedPercentage_lbl0"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_StatementOfCashFlowsAbstract" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_StatementOfCashFlowsAbstract"/>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingAbstract_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Weighted Average Number of Shares Outstanding, Diluted [Abstract]</label>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_InterestExpense_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Interest Expense, Operating and Nonoperating</label>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_SubleaseIncome_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Sublease Income</label>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Operating Lease, Liability, Current</label>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CollaborativeArrangementDisclosureTextBlock_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Collaborative Arrangement Disclosure [Text Block]</label>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_BioFirstStockPurchaseAgreementMember_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Bio First Stock Purchase Agreement Member</label>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredFederalStateAndLocalTaxExpenseBenefitAbstract_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Deferred Federal, State and Local, Tax Expense (Benefit) [Abstract]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DeferredFederalStateAndLocalTaxExpenseBenefitAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_DeferredFederalStateAndLocalTaxExpenseBenefitAbstract_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Exercises in Period</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_ForSeeConEyeCorporationMember_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">For See Con Eye Corporation Member</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_ForSeeConEyeCorporationMember" xlink:to="abvc_ForSeeConEyeCorporationMember_lbl0"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_ScheduleOfEstimatedUsefulLifeAbstract" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_ScheduleOfEstimatedUsefulLifeAbstract"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_ScheduleOfEstimatedUsefulLifeAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule Of Estimated Useful Life Abstract</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_ScheduleOfEstimatedUsefulLifeAbstract" xlink:to="abvc_ScheduleOfEstimatedUsefulLifeAbstract_lbl"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Other Liabilities, Noncurrent</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Selling, General and Administrative Expense</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense" xlink:to="us-gaap_SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage_lbl2" xml:lang="en-US">Equity Method Investment, Ownership Percentage</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage" xlink:to="us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage_lbl2"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Liabilities, Current [Abstract]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_AiBtlHoldingBioPharmaIncAiBtlHoldingMember_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Ai Btl Holding Bio Pharma Inc Ai Btl Holding Member</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_AiBtlHoldingBioPharmaIncAiBtlHoldingMember" xlink:to="abvc_AiBtlHoldingBioPharmaIncAiBtlHoldingMember_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_RoyaltiesPercentage_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Royalties Percentage</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_RoyaltiesPercentage" xlink:to="abvc_RoyaltiesPercentage_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsOutstandingNumber_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Non-Option Equity Instruments, Outstanding, Number</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsOutstandingNumber" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsOutstandingNumber_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_CodevelopmentagreementMember_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Codevelopmentagreement Member</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_CodevelopmentagreementMember" xlink:to="abvc_CodevelopmentagreementMember_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_PercentageOfAnnualDiscountRate_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Percentage Of Annual Discount Rate</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_PercentageOfAnnualDiscountRate" xlink:to="abvc_PercentageOfAnnualDiscountRate_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_SubscribedStockMember_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Subscribed Stock Member</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_SubscribedStockMember" xlink:to="abvc_SubscribedStockMember_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredRevenueRevenueRecognized1_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Deferred Revenue, Revenue Recognized</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DeferredRevenueRevenueRecognized1" xlink:to="us-gaap_DeferredRevenueRevenueRecognized1_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageRemainingLeaseTerm1_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Operating Lease, Weighted Average Remaining Lease Term</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageRemainingLeaseTerm1" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageRemainingLeaseTerm1_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsShareBasedPaymentsTextBlock_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Text Block]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsShareBasedPaymentsTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsShareBasedPaymentsTextBlock_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PercentageOfInterestBearingDomesticDepositsToDepositsSavings_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Percentage of Interest-Bearing Domestic Deposits to Deposits, Savings</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PercentageOfInterestBearingDomesticDepositsToDepositsSavings" xlink:to="us-gaap_PercentageOfInterestBearingDomesticDepositsToDepositsSavings_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerms_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Outstanding, Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Terms</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerms" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerms_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_RgeneCorporationMember_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Rgene Corporation Member</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_RgeneCorporationMember" xlink:to="abvc_RgeneCorporationMember_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_PurchaseWarrantTerm_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Purchase Warrant Term</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_PurchaseWarrantTerm" xlink:to="abvc_PurchaseWarrantTerm_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsNonvestedNumberOfShares_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Nonvested, Number of Shares</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsNonvestedNumberOfShares" xlink:to="us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsNonvestedNumberOfShares_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_DebtInstrumentCommonStockToBeConverted_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Debt Instrument Common Stock To Be Converted</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_DebtInstrumentCommonStockToBeConverted" xlink:to="abvc_DebtInstrumentCommonStockToBeConverted_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeitedWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Sharebased Compensation Arrangement By Sharebased Payment Award Options Forfeited Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeitedWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm" xlink:to="abvc_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeitedWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_NonControllingInterestConsiderationShare_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Non Controlling Interest Consideration Share</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_NonControllingInterestConsiderationShare" xlink:to="abvc_NonControllingInterestConsiderationShare_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_MilestoneRegulatoryPaymentAmountPeriod_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Milestone Regulatory Payment Amount Period</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_MilestoneRegulatoryPaymentAmountPeriod" xlink:to="abvc_MilestoneRegulatoryPaymentAmountPeriod_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherReceivablesNetCurrent_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Other Receivables, Net, Current</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherReceivablesNetCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherReceivablesNetCurrent_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Concentration Risk, Percentage</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskPercentage1" xlink:to="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskPercentage1_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_PreFundedWarrantsMember_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Pre Funded Warrants Member</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_PreFundedWarrantsMember" xlink:to="abvc_PreFundedWarrantsMember_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Common Stock, Par or Stated Value Per Share</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare" xlink:to="us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Contract with Customer, Liability, Current</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAuthorized_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Number of Shares Authorized</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAuthorized" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAuthorized_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_LindMember_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Lind Member</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_LindMember" xlink:to="abvc_LindMember_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionAmountsOfTransaction_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Related Party Transaction, Amounts of Transaction</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionAmountsOfTransaction" xlink:to="us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionAmountsOfTransaction_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Common Stock, Shares, Issued</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued" xlink:to="us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued_lbl1"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_ScheduleOfAmountDueToRelatedPartiesAbstract" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_ScheduleOfAmountDueToRelatedPartiesAbstract"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_ScheduleOfAmountDueToRelatedPartiesAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule Of Amount Due To Related Parties Abstract</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_ScheduleOfAmountDueToRelatedPartiesAbstract" xlink:to="abvc_ScheduleOfAmountDueToRelatedPartiesAbstract_lbl"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Emerging Growth Company</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany" xlink:to="dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesCurrent_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Other Liabilities, Current</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesCurrent_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Weighted Average Number of Shares Outstanding, Diluted</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding" xlink:to="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_ZhonghuiMember_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Zhonghui Member</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_ZhonghuiMember" xlink:to="abvc_ZhonghuiMember_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_StockIssueDuringPeriodCommonShares_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Stock Issue During Period Common Shares</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_StockIssueDuringPeriodCommonShares" xlink:to="abvc_StockIssueDuringPeriodCommonShares_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesIssued_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Preferred Stock, Shares Issued</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesIssued" xlink:to="us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesIssued_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PrivatePlacementMember_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Private Placement [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PrivatePlacementMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_PrivatePlacementMember_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_CashFlowsFromOperatingActivitiesAbstract_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Cash Flows From Operating Activities Abstract</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_CashFlowsFromOperatingActivitiesAbstract" xlink:to="abvc_CashFlowsFromOperatingActivitiesAbstract_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_GrossProfit_lbl3" xml:lang="en-US">Gross Profit</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_GrossProfit" xlink:to="us-gaap_GrossProfit_lbl3"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_ScheduleOfEstimatedUsefulLivesOfPropertyAndEquipmentNetTableTextBlock_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule Of Estimated Useful Lives Of Property And Equipment Net Table Text Block</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_ScheduleOfEstimatedUsefulLivesOfPropertyAndEquipmentNetTableTextBlock" xlink:to="abvc_ScheduleOfEstimatedUsefulLivesOfPropertyAndEquipmentNetTableTextBlock_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseExpense_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Operating Lease, Expense</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseExpense" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseExpense_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_MinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByNoncontrollingOwners_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Subsidiary, Ownership Percentage, Noncontrolling Owner</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_MinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByNoncontrollingOwners" xlink:to="us-gaap_MinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByNoncontrollingOwners_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNetCurrent_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Accounts Receivable, after Allowance for Credit Loss, Current</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNetCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNetCurrent_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueOfAssetsAcquired_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Fair Value of Assets Acquired</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_FairValueOfAssetsAcquired" xlink:to="us-gaap_FairValueOfAssetsAcquired_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_BioFirstAustraliaMember_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Bio First Australia Member</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_BioFirstAustraliaMember" xlink:to="abvc_BioFirstAustraliaMember_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_NetLossPerShareAbstract_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Net Loss Per Share Abstract</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_NetLossPerShareAbstract" xlink:to="abvc_NetLossPerShareAbstract_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentOtherNet_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Property, Plant and Equipment, Other, Net</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentOtherNet" xlink:to="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentOtherNet_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShortTermInvestments_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Short-Term Investments</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShortTermInvestments" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShortTermInvestments_lbl0"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_ScheduleOfLongTermInvestmentAbstract" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_ScheduleOfLongTermInvestmentAbstract"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_ScheduleOfLongTermInvestmentAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule Of Long Term Investment Abstract</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_ScheduleOfLongTermInvestmentAbstract" xlink:to="abvc_ScheduleOfLongTermInvestmentAbstract_lbl"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInDueToRelatedParties_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Increase (Decrease) in Due to Related Parties</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInDueToRelatedParties" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInDueToRelatedParties_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestments_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Equity Method Investments</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestments" xlink:to="us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestments_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_PercentageOfCashPermium_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Percentage Of Cash Permium</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_PercentageOfCashPermium" xlink:to="abvc_PercentageOfCashPermium_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_BuildingAndBuildingImprovementsMember_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Building and Building Improvements [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_BuildingAndBuildingImprovementsMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_BuildingAndBuildingImprovementsMember_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_ShareholdersMember_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Shareholders Member</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_ShareholdersMember" xlink:to="abvc_ShareholdersMember_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_Cash_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Cash</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_Cash" xlink:to="us-gaap_Cash_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseIncludingExchangeRateEffect_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Cash, Cash Equivalent, Restricted Cash, and Restricted Cash Equivalent, Period Increase (Decrease), Including Exchange Rate Effect and Discontinued Operation</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseIncludingExchangeRateEffect" xlink:to="us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseIncludingExchangeRateEffect_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ServiceAgreementsMember_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Service Agreements [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ServiceAgreementsMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_ServiceAgreementsMember_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightExercisePriceOfWarrantsOrRights1_lbl2" xml:lang="en-US">Class of Warrant or Right, Exercise Price of Warrants or Rights</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightExercisePriceOfWarrantsOrRights1" xlink:to="us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightExercisePriceOfWarrantsOrRights1_lbl2"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_SharesOutstanding_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Shares, Outstanding</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_SharesOutstanding" xlink:to="us-gaap_SharesOutstanding_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Cash Equivalents, at Carrying Value</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue" xlink:to="us-gaap_CashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedNet_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Business Combination, Recognized Asset Acquired to Liability Assumed, Excess (Less)</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedNet" xlink:to="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedNet_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AdjustmentsToReconcileNetIncomeLossToCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Adjustment to Reconcile Net Income to Cash Provided by (Used in) Operating Activity [Abstract]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AdjustmentsToReconcileNetIncomeLossToCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_AdjustmentsToReconcileNetIncomeLossToCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsIssued_lbl2" xml:lang="en-US">Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award Non Option Equity Instruments Issued</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsIssued" xlink:to="abvc_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsIssued_lbl2"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProvisionForOtherCreditLosses_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Provision for Other Credit Losses</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ProvisionForOtherCreditLosses" xlink:to="us-gaap_ProvisionForOtherCreditLosses_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_AssetConsiderationCommonStock_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Asset Consideration Common Stock</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_AssetConsiderationCommonStock" xlink:to="abvc_AssetConsiderationCommonStock_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentsTextBlock_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Equity Method Investments [Table Text Block]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentsTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentsTextBlock_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_OtherConvertibleNotesPayableMember_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Other Convertible Notes Payable Member</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_OtherConvertibleNotesPayableMember" xlink:to="abvc_OtherConvertibleNotesPayableMember_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProceedsFromConvertibleDebt_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Proceeds from Convertible Debt</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ProceedsFromConvertibleDebt" xlink:to="us-gaap_ProceedsFromConvertibleDebt_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentConvertibleIfConvertedValueInExcessOfPrincipal_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Debt Instrument, Convertible, If-converted Value in Excess of Principal</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentConvertibleIfConvertedValueInExcessOfPrincipal" xlink:to="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentConvertibleIfConvertedValueInExcessOfPrincipal_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DepositLiabilitiesAccruedInterest_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Deposit Liabilities, Accrued Interest</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DepositLiabilitiesAccruedInterest" xlink:to="us-gaap_DepositLiabilitiesAccruedInterest_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_LoanAgreementAmount_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Loan Agreement Amount</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_LoanAgreementAmount" xlink:to="abvc_LoanAgreementAmount_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Liabilities and Equity</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity" xlink:to="us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionDescriptionOfTransaction_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Related Party Transaction, Description of Transaction</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionDescriptionOfTransaction" xlink:to="us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionDescriptionOfTransaction_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PrincipalAmountOutstandingOnLoansSecuritized_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Loan, Securitized or Asset-Backed Financing Arrangement, Principal Outstanding</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PrincipalAmountOutstandingOnLoansSecuritized" xlink:to="us-gaap_PrincipalAmountOutstandingOnLoansSecuritized_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_NonoperatingIncomeExpense_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Nonoperating Income (Expense)</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_NonoperatingIncomeExpense" xlink:to="us-gaap_NonoperatingIncomeExpense_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_StockSubscriptionReceived_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Stock Subscription Received</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_StockSubscriptionReceived" xlink:to="abvc_StockSubscriptionReceived_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CurrentFederalTaxExpenseBenefit_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Current Federal Tax Expense (Benefit)</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CurrentFederalTaxExpenseBenefit" xlink:to="us-gaap_CurrentFederalTaxExpenseBenefit_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentAnnualPrincipalPayment_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Debt Instrument, Annual Principal Payment</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentAnnualPrincipalPayment" xlink:to="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentAnnualPrincipalPayment_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_ClientMember_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Client Member</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_ClientMember" xlink:to="abvc_ClientMember_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccruedIncomeTaxesPayable_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Increase (Decrease) in Income Taxes Payable</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccruedIncomeTaxesPayable" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccruedIncomeTaxesPayable_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_BioLiteBVIIncMember_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Bio Lite BVIInc Member</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_BioLiteBVIIncMember" xlink:to="abvc_BioLiteBVIIncMember_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AssetsCurrent_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Assets, Current</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AssetsCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_AssetsCurrent_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Operating Lease, Right-of-Use Asset</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_BioHopeKingCorporationMember_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Bio Hope King Corporation Member</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_BioHopeKingCorporationMember" xlink:to="abvc_BioHopeKingCorporationMember_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_PurchasePriceAmount_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Purchase Price Amount</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_PurchasePriceAmount" xlink:to="abvc_PurchasePriceAmount_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConvertibleNotesPayableCurrent_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Convertible Notes Payable, Current</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ConvertibleNotesPayableCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_ConvertibleNotesPayableCurrent_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntitySmallBusiness_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Small Business</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntitySmallBusiness" xlink:to="dei_EntitySmallBusiness_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilitiesTableTextBlock_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of Accounts Payable and Accrued Liabilities [Table Text Block]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilitiesTableTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilitiesTableTextBlock_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_RetainedEarningsMember_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Retained Earnings [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_RetainedEarningsMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_RetainedEarningsMember_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_DirectorsMember_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Directors Member</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_DirectorsMember" xlink:to="abvc_DirectorsMember_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_ConvertibleLoanAgreementMember_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Convertible Loan Agreement Member</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_ConvertibleLoanAgreementMember" xlink:to="abvc_ConvertibleLoanAgreementMember_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresInPeriod_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Forfeitures in Period</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresInPeriod" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresInPeriod_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AssetsAbstract_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Assets [Abstract]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AssetsAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_AssetsAbstract_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Weighted Average Number of Shares Outstanding, Basic</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic" xlink:to="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LongTermPurchaseCommitmentMilestones_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Long-Term Purchase Commitment, Milestones</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LongTermPurchaseCommitmentMilestones" xlink:to="us-gaap_LongTermPurchaseCommitmentMilestones_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_OtherThanTemporaryImpairmentPolicyTextBlock_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Other Than Temporary Impairment Policy Text Block</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_OtherThanTemporaryImpairmentPolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="abvc_OtherThanTemporaryImpairmentPolicyTextBlock_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProceedsFromRepaymentsOfRelatedPartyDebt_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Proceeds from (Repayments of) Related Party Debt</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ProceedsFromRepaymentsOfRelatedPartyDebt" xlink:to="us-gaap_ProceedsFromRepaymentsOfRelatedPartyDebt_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherNonoperatingIncomeExpense_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Other Nonoperating Income (Expense)</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherNonoperatingIncomeExpense" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherNonoperatingIncomeExpense_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtConversionOriginalDebtAmount1_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Debt Conversion, Original Debt, Amount</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DebtConversionOriginalDebtAmount1" xlink:to="us-gaap_DebtConversionOriginalDebtAmount1_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsIssuedIntrinsicValue_lbl2" xml:lang="en-US">Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award Non Option Equity Instruments Issued Intrinsic Value</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsIssuedIntrinsicValue" xlink:to="abvc_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsIssuedIntrinsicValue_lbl2"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="srt_CondensedStatementOfComprehensiveIncomeTableTextBlock_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Condensed Statement of Comprehensive Income [Table Text Block]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="srt_CondensedStatementOfComprehensiveIncomeTableTextBlock" xlink:to="srt_CondensedStatementOfComprehensiveIncomeTableTextBlock_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsPropertyPlantAndEquipment_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Deferred Tax Assets, Property, Plant and Equipment</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsPropertyPlantAndEquipment" xlink:to="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsPropertyPlantAndEquipment_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsGross_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Deferred Tax Assets, Gross</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsGross" xlink:to="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsGross_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsAggregateIntrinsicValueOutstanding_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Aggregate Intrinsic Value, Outstanding</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsAggregateIntrinsicValueOutstanding" xlink:to="us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsAggregateIntrinsicValueOutstanding_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherReceivableBeforeAllowanceForCreditLossNoncurrent_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Other Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss, Noncurrent</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherReceivableBeforeAllowanceForCreditLossNoncurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherReceivableBeforeAllowanceForCreditLossNoncurrent_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementPolicyPolicyTextBlock_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Fair Value Measurement, Policy [Policy Text Block]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementPolicyPolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementPolicyPolicyTextBlock_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesAcquisitions_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Stock Issued During Period, Shares, Acquisitions</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesAcquisitions" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesAcquisitions_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PrepaymentFeesOnAdvancesNet_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Prepayment Fees on Advances, Net</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PrepaymentFeesOnAdvancesNet" xlink:to="us-gaap_PrepaymentFeesOnAdvancesNet_lbl1"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_ScheduleOfPropertyAndEquipmentAbstract" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_ScheduleOfPropertyAndEquipmentAbstract"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_ScheduleOfPropertyAndEquipmentAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule Of Property And Equipment Abstract</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_ScheduleOfPropertyAndEquipmentAbstract" xlink:to="abvc_ScheduleOfPropertyAndEquipmentAbstract_lbl"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentUnamortizedDiscount_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Debt Instrument, Unamortized Discount</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentUnamortizedDiscount" xlink:to="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentUnamortizedDiscount_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_SupplementalDisclosureOfCashFlowsAbstract_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Supplemental Disclosure Of Cash Flows Abstract</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_SupplementalDisclosureOfCashFlowsAbstract" xlink:to="abvc_SupplementalDisclosureOfCashFlowsAbstract_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_InterestExpenseShortTermBorrowings_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Interest Expense, Short-Term Borrowings</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_InterestExpenseShortTermBorrowings" xlink:to="us-gaap_InterestExpenseShortTermBorrowings_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_RelatedPartyMember_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Related Party [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_RelatedPartyMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_RelatedPartyMember_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_AiBtlHoldingMember_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Ai Btl Holding Member</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_AiBtlHoldingMember" xlink:to="abvc_AiBtlHoldingMember_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_ABVCMember_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">ABVCMember</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_ABVCMember" xlink:to="abvc_ABVCMember_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_FirstLINDNoteMember_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">First LINDNote Member</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_FirstLINDNoteMember" xlink:to="abvc_FirstLINDNoteMember_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_TreasuryStockSharesRetired_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Treasury Stock, Shares, Retired</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_TreasuryStockSharesRetired" xlink:to="us-gaap_TreasuryStockSharesRetired_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccountsPayableAndOtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Accounts Payable and Other Accrued Liabilities, Current</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccountsPayableAndOtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccountsPayableAndOtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_MilestoneRegulatoryPaymentAmount_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Milestone Regulatory Payment Amount</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_MilestoneRegulatoryPaymentAmount" xlink:to="abvc_MilestoneRegulatoryPaymentAmount_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="srt_ScenarioForecastMember_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Forecast [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="srt_ScenarioForecastMember" xlink:to="srt_ScenarioForecastMember_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShortTermDebtPercentageBearingVariableInterestRate_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Short-Term Debt, Percentage Bearing Variable Interest Rate</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShortTermDebtPercentageBearingVariableInterestRate" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShortTermDebtPercentageBearingVariableInterestRate_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityMaturityTableTextBlock_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Lessee, Operating Lease, Liability, to be Paid, Maturity [Table Text Block]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityMaturityTableTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityMaturityTableTextBlock_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConstructionInProgressMember_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Construction in Progress [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ConstructionInProgressMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_ConstructionInProgressMember_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityNoncurrent_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Contract with Customer, Liability, Noncurrent</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityNoncurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityNoncurrent_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_JiangsAdvancedFundsMember_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Jiangs Advanced Funds Member</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_JiangsAdvancedFundsMember" xlink:to="abvc_JiangsAdvancedFundsMember_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_USFederalDepositInsuranceCorporationMember_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">USFederal Deposit Insurance Corporation Member</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_USFederalDepositInsuranceCorporationMember" xlink:to="abvc_USFederalDepositInsuranceCorporationMember_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_Depreciation_lbl2" xml:lang="en-US">Depreciation</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_Depreciation" xlink:to="us-gaap_Depreciation_lbl2"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_DecemberLetterAgreementMember_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">December Letter Agreement Member</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_DecemberLetterAgreementMember" xlink:to="abvc_DecemberLetterAgreementMember_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtDisclosureTextBlock_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Debt Disclosure [Text Block]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DebtDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_DebtDisclosureTextBlock_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_NonrefundableUpfrontCashPayment_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Nonrefundable Upfront Cash Payment</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_NonrefundableUpfrontCashPayment" xlink:to="abvc_NonrefundableUpfrontCashPayment_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Cash Provided by (Used in) Investing Activity, Including Discontinued Operation</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities" xlink:to="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_AddLessAbstract0_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Add Less Abstract0</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_AddLessAbstract0" xlink:to="abvc_AddLessAbstract0_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_WeightedAverageDiscountRateAbstract_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Weighted Average Discount Rate Abstract</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_WeightedAverageDiscountRateAbstract" xlink:to="abvc_WeightedAverageDiscountRateAbstract_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_CathayUnitedBankMember_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Cathay United Bank Member</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_CathayUnitedBankMember" xlink:to="abvc_CathayUnitedBankMember_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Prepaid Expense and Other Assets, Current</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_RgeneMember_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Rgene Member</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_RgeneMember" xlink:to="abvc_RgeneMember_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionDate_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Related Party Transaction, Date</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionDate" xlink:to="us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionDate_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_BusinessDescriptionAndBasisOfPresentationTextBlock_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Business Description and Basis of Presentation [Text Block]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_BusinessDescriptionAndBasisOfPresentationTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_BusinessDescriptionAndBasisOfPresentationTextBlock_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="srt_ScheduleOfCondensedFinancialStatementsTableTextBlock_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Condensed Financial Statements [Table Text Block]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="srt_ScheduleOfCondensedFinancialStatementsTableTextBlock" xlink:to="srt_ScheduleOfCondensedFinancialStatementsTableTextBlock_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_InvestmentOwnedBalanceShares_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Investment Owned, Balance, Shares</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_InvestmentOwnedBalanceShares" xlink:to="us-gaap_InvestmentOwnedBalanceShares_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_PostSplitMember_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Post Split Member</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_PostSplitMember" xlink:to="abvc_PostSplitMember_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_InterestPaidNet_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Interest Paid, Excluding Capitalized Interest, Operating Activity</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_InterestPaidNet" xlink:to="us-gaap_InterestPaidNet_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherInvestmentsAbstract_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Other Investments [Abstract]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherInvestmentsAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherInvestmentsAbstract_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedAndExpectedToVestOutstandingNumber_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Vested and Expected to Vest, Outstanding, Number</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedAndExpectedToVestOutstandingNumber" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedAndExpectedToVestOutstandingNumber_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_RepaymentsOfDebt_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Repayments of Debt</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_RepaymentsOfDebt" xlink:to="us-gaap_RepaymentsOfDebt_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Property, Plant and Equipment, Net</label>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_PreExistingWarrantsMember_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Pre Existing Warrants Member</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_PreExistingWarrantsMember" xlink:to="abvc_PreExistingWarrantsMember_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingIntrinsicValue_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Outstanding, Intrinsic Value</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingIntrinsicValue" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingIntrinsicValue_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LongTermInvestments_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Long-Term Investments</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LongTermInvestments" xlink:to="us-gaap_LongTermInvestments_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_ABVCAndBioLiteTaiwanMember_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">ABVCAnd Bio Lite Taiwan Member</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_ABVCAndBioLiteTaiwanMember" xlink:to="abvc_ABVCAndBioLiteTaiwanMember_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_EquityMethodInvestmentsNetAbstract_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Equity Method Investments Net Abstract</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_EquityMethodInvestmentsNetAbstract" xlink:to="abvc_EquityMethodInvestmentsNetAbstract_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_TwoThousandSixteenEquityIncentivePlanMember_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Two Thousand Sixteen Equity Incentive Plan Member</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_TwoThousandSixteenEquityIncentivePlanMember" xlink:to="abvc_TwoThousandSixteenEquityIncentivePlanMember_lbl0"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_ScheduleOfOwnershipPercentagesOfEachInvesteeAbstract" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_ScheduleOfOwnershipPercentagesOfEachInvesteeAbstract"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_ScheduleOfOwnershipPercentagesOfEachInvesteeAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule Of Ownership Percentages Of Each Investee Abstract</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_ScheduleOfOwnershipPercentagesOfEachInvesteeAbstract" xlink:to="abvc_ScheduleOfOwnershipPercentagesOfEachInvesteeAbstract_lbl"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_BioLiteTaiwanMember_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Bio Lite Taiwan Member</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_BioLiteTaiwanMember" xlink:to="abvc_BioLiteTaiwanMember_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="country_TW_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">TAIWAN</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="country_TW" xlink:to="country_TW_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_LindWarrantMember_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Lind Warrant Member</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_LindWarrantMember" xlink:to="abvc_LindWarrantMember_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_BioLiteJapanKKBioLiteJPMember_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Bio Lite Japan KKBio Lite JPMember</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_BioLiteJapanKKBioLiteJPMember" xlink:to="abvc_BioLiteJapanKKBioLiteJPMember_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="srt_MaximumMember_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Maximum [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="srt_MaximumMember" xlink:to="srt_MaximumMember_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_AggregateCommonStockShares_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Aggregate Common Stock Shares</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_AggregateCommonStockShares" xlink:to="abvc_AggregateCommonStockShares_lbl1"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_ScheduleOfLicensingAgreementAndRelatedAmendmentWithFeyeAbstract" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_ScheduleOfLicensingAgreementAndRelatedAmendmentWithFeyeAbstract"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_ScheduleOfLicensingAgreementAndRelatedAmendmentWithFeyeAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule Of Licensing Agreement And Related Amendment With Feye Abstract</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_ScheduleOfLicensingAgreementAndRelatedAmendmentWithFeyeAbstract" xlink:to="abvc_ScheduleOfLicensingAgreementAndRelatedAmendmentWithFeyeAbstract_lbl"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Operating Lease, Liability, Noncurrent</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAvailableForGrant_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Number of Shares Available for Grant</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAvailableForGrant" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAvailableForGrant_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingCapitalAbstract_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Adjustment to Reconcile Net Income to Cash Provided by (Used in) Operating Activity, Increase (Decrease) in Operating Capital [Abstract]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingCapitalAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingCapitalAbstract_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_StockSubScriptionReceivableMember_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Stock Sub Scription Receivable Member</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_StockSubScriptionReceivableMember" xlink:to="abvc_StockSubScriptionReceivableMember_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccruedRoyaltiesCurrent_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Accrued Royalties, Current</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccruedRoyaltiesCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccruedRoyaltiesCurrent_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfSecuritiesCalledByWarrantsOrRights_lbl2" xml:lang="en-US">Class of Warrant or Right, Number of Securities Called by Warrants or Rights</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfSecuritiesCalledByWarrantsOrRights" xlink:to="us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfSecuritiesCalledByWarrantsOrRights_lbl2"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_RestrictedCash_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Restricted Cash</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_RestrictedCash" xlink:to="us-gaap_RestrictedCash_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_ConvertibleNotesPayablePolicyTextBlock_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Convertible Notes Payable Policy Text Block</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_ConvertibleNotesPayablePolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="abvc_ConvertibleNotesPayablePolicyTextBlock_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_LindNotesPayableMember_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Lind Notes Payable Member</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_LindNotesPayableMember" xlink:to="abvc_LindNotesPayableMember_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_BenefitsReceivableForMilestoneAttained_lbl2" xml:lang="en-US">Benefits Receivable For Milestone Attained</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_BenefitsReceivableForMilestoneAttained" xlink:to="abvc_BenefitsReceivableForMilestoneAttained_lbl2"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccountsAndOtherReceivablesNetCurrent_lbl2" xml:lang="en-US">Accounts and Other Receivables, Net, Current</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccountsAndOtherReceivablesNetCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccountsAndOtherReceivablesNetCurrent_lbl2"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_OtherIndividualThirdPartyMember_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Other Individual Third Party Member</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_OtherIndividualThirdPartyMember" xlink:to="abvc_OtherIndividualThirdPartyMember_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockholdersEquityNoteSubscriptionsReceivable_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Stockholders&apos; Equity Note, Subscriptions Receivable</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockholdersEquityNoteSubscriptionsReceivable" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockholdersEquityNoteSubscriptionsReceivable_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwardsForeign_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Deferred Tax Assets, Operating Loss Carryforwards, Foreign</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwardsForeign" xlink:to="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwardsForeign_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfRecognizedIdentifiedAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedTableTextBlock_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Business Combination, Recognized Asset Acquired and Liability Assumed [Table Text Block]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfRecognizedIdentifiedAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedTableTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfRecognizedIdentifiedAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedTableTextBlock_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityRevenueRecognized_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Contract with Customer, Liability, Revenue Recognized</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityRevenueRecognized" xlink:to="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityRevenueRecognized_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_TwoClientMember_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Two Client Member</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_TwoClientMember" xlink:to="abvc_TwoClientMember_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_DefinedBenefitPlanFundedPercentages_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Defined Benefit Plan Funded Percentages</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_DefinedBenefitPlanFundedPercentages" xlink:to="abvc_DefinedBenefitPlanFundedPercentages_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_SegmentReportingPolicyPolicyTextBlock_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Segment Reporting, Policy [Policy Text Block]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_SegmentReportingPolicyPolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_SegmentReportingPolicyPolicyTextBlock_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_PercentageOfAverageAmount_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Percentage Of Average Amount</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_PercentageOfAverageAmount" xlink:to="abvc_PercentageOfAverageAmount_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Property, Plant and Equipment, Useful Life</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife" xlink:to="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearTwo_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Lessee, Operating Lease, Liability, to be Paid, Year Two</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearTwo" xlink:to="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearTwo_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProceedsFromRepaymentOfLoansToPurchaseCommonStock_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Proceeds from Repayment of Loans to Purchase Common Stock</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ProceedsFromRepaymentOfLoansToPurchaseCommonStock" xlink:to="us-gaap_ProceedsFromRepaymentOfLoansToPurchaseCommonStock_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_NewWarrantsMember_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">New Warrants Member</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_NewWarrantsMember" xlink:to="abvc_NewWarrantsMember_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsDisclosureTextBlock_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Related Party Transactions Disclosure [Text Block]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsDisclosureTextBlock_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_SecondLINDNoteMember_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Second LINDNote Member</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_SecondLINDNoteMember" xlink:to="abvc_SecondLINDNoteMember_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_IssuanceOfCommonShareForLindCNRepayment_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Issuance Of Common Share For Lind CNRepayment</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_IssuanceOfCommonShareForLindCNRepayment" xlink:to="abvc_IssuanceOfCommonShareForLindCNRepayment_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_ConsecutiveDays_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Consecutive Days</label>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_LindNotesMember_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Lind Notes Member</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_LindNotesMember" xlink:to="abvc_LindNotesMember_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashFlowNoncashInvestingAndFinancingActivitiesDisclosureAbstract_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Cash Flow, Noncash Investing and Financing Activities Disclosure [Abstract]</label>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities_lbl2" xml:lang="en-US">Cash Provided by (Used in) Operating Activity, Including Discontinued Operation</label>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLeaseIncomeTableTextBlock_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Operating Lease, Lease Income [Table Text Block]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLeaseIncomeTableTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLeaseIncomeTableTextBlock_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_PercentageOfWorkingCapital_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Percentage Of Working Capital</label>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageExercisePrice_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Exercisable, Weighted Average Exercise Price</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageExercisePrice" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageExercisePrice_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PreferredStockConvertibleConversionPrice_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Preferred Stock, Convertible, Conversion Price</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PreferredStockConvertibleConversionPrice" xlink:to="us-gaap_PreferredStockConvertibleConversionPrice_lbl1"/>
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    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesOther" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesOther_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsExercisedWeightedAverageExercisePrice_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award Non Option Equity Instruments Exercised Weighted Average Exercise Price</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsExercisedWeightedAverageExercisePrice" xlink:to="abvc_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsExercisedWeightedAverageExercisePrice_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherReceivableAllowanceForCreditLossNoncurrent_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Other Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Noncurrent</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherReceivableAllowanceForCreditLossNoncurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherReceivableAllowanceForCreditLossNoncurrent_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_EffectOfExchangeRateChangeOnCashAndCashEquivalentsAndRestrictedCash_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Effect Of Exchange Rate Change On Cash And Cash Equivalents And Restricted Cash</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_EffectOfExchangeRateChangeOnCashAndCashEquivalentsAndRestrictedCash" xlink:to="abvc_EffectOfExchangeRateChangeOnCashAndCashEquivalentsAndRestrictedCash_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccountsPayableInterestBearingInterestRate_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Accounts Payable, Interest-Bearing, Interest Rate</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccountsPayableInterestBearingInterestRate" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccountsPayableInterestBearingInterestRate_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_RepurchaseOfTreasuryStocks_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Repurchase Of Treasury Stocks</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_RepurchaseOfTreasuryStocks" xlink:to="abvc_RepurchaseOfTreasuryStocks_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsPolicyTextBlock_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Cash and Cash Equivalents, Policy [Policy Text Block]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsPolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsPolicyTextBlock_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentPolicyTextBlock_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Property, Plant and Equipment, Policy [Policy Text Block]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentPolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentPolicyTextBlock_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfSecuritiesCalledByEachWarrantOrRight_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Class of Warrant or Right, Number of Securities Called by Each Warrant or Right</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfSecuritiesCalledByEachWarrantOrRight" xlink:to="us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfSecuritiesCalledByEachWarrantOrRight_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedAccruedExpenseAndOtherCurrentLiabilities_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Business Combination Recognized Identifiable Assets Acquired And Liabilities Assumed Accrued Expense And Other Current Liabilities</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedAccruedExpenseAndOtherCurrentLiabilities" xlink:to="abvc_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedAccruedExpenseAndOtherCurrentLiabilities_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax, Attributable to Parent</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax" xlink:to="us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LandMember_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Land [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LandMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_LandMember_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueAdjustmentOfWarrants_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Fair Value Adjustment of Warrants</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_FairValueAdjustmentOfWarrants" xlink:to="us-gaap_FairValueAdjustmentOfWarrants_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_UnlabeledAbstract_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Unlabeled Abstract</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_UnlabeledAbstract" xlink:to="abvc_UnlabeledAbstract_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_SharesReceived_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Shares Received</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_SharesReceived" xlink:to="abvc_SharesReceived_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Line of Credit Facility, Maximum Borrowing Capacity</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity" xlink:to="us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentIncreaseAccruedInterest_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Debt Instrument, Increase, Accrued Interest</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentIncreaseAccruedInterest" xlink:to="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentIncreaseAccruedInterest_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_SalesRevenueNetMember_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Revenue Benchmark [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_SalesRevenueNetMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_SalesRevenueNetMember_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_BuildingImprovementsMember_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Building Improvements [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_BuildingImprovementsMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_BuildingImprovementsMember_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LeaseCostTableTextBlock_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Lease, Cost [Table Text Block]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LeaseCostTableTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_LeaseCostTableTextBlock_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="srt_DirectorMember_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Director [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="srt_DirectorMember" xlink:to="srt_DirectorMember_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_OtherIndividualMember_lbl2" xml:lang="en-US">Other Individual Member</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_OtherIndividualMember" xlink:to="abvc_OtherIndividualMember_lbl2"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfEarningsPerShareBasicAndDilutedTableTextBlock_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of Earnings Per Share, Basic and Diluted [Table Text Block]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfEarningsPerShareBasicAndDilutedTableTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfEarningsPerShareBasicAndDilutedTableTextBlock_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentDisclosureTextBlock_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Property, Plant and Equipment Disclosure [Text Block]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentDisclosureTextBlock_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest" xlink:to="us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_ScheduleOfExtentTheInvesteeReliesTableTextBlock_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule Of Extent The Investee Relies Table Text Block</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_ScheduleOfExtentTheInvesteeReliesTableTextBlock" xlink:to="abvc_ScheduleOfExtentTheInvesteeReliesTableTextBlock_lbl1"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_ScheduleOfCarryingAmountsOfTheLiabilityComponentAbstract" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_ScheduleOfCarryingAmountsOfTheLiabilityComponentAbstract"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_ScheduleOfCarryingAmountsOfTheLiabilityComponentAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule Of Carrying Amounts Of The Liability Component Abstract</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_ScheduleOfCarryingAmountsOfTheLiabilityComponentAbstract" xlink:to="abvc_ScheduleOfCarryingAmountsOfTheLiabilityComponentAbstract_lbl"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsAbstract_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Cash, Cash Equivalent, Restricted Cash, and Restricted Cash Equivalent, Continuing Operation [Abstract]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsAbstract_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Cash and Cash Equivalent</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue" xlink:to="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInDueFromRelatedParties_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Increase (Decrease) in Due from Related Parties</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInDueFromRelatedParties" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInDueFromRelatedParties_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest_lbl3" xml:lang="en-US">Equity, Including Portion Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest_lbl3"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_TaxesAndLicenses_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Taxes and Licenses</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_TaxesAndLicenses" xlink:to="us-gaap_TaxesAndLicenses_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_ConsiderationPaidForAgreement_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Consideration Paid For Agreement</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_ConsiderationPaidForAgreement" xlink:to="abvc_ConsiderationPaidForAgreement_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_SaleOfStockNumberOfSharesIssuedInTransaction_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Sale of Stock, Number of Shares Issued in Transaction</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_SaleOfStockNumberOfSharesIssuedInTransaction" xlink:to="us-gaap_SaleOfStockNumberOfSharesIssuedInTransaction_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockholdersEquityNoteDisclosureTextBlock_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Equity [Text Block]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockholdersEquityNoteDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockholdersEquityNoteDisclosureTextBlock_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTextBlock_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Short-Term Debt [Text Block]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTextBlock_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_LoanAgreementMember_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Loan Agreement Member</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_LoanAgreementMember" xlink:to="abvc_LoanAgreementMember_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Lessee, Operating Lease, Liability, to be Paid</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue" xlink:to="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireLongtermInvestments_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Payments to Acquire Long-Term Investments</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireLongtermInvestments" xlink:to="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireLongtermInvestments_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTextBlock_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Property, Plant and Equipment [Table Text Block]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTextBlock_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest_lbl2" xml:lang="en-US">Income (Loss) from Continuing Operations before Income Taxes, Noncontrolling Interest</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest_lbl2"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueIssuanceOfCommonSharesForLindCN_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Stock Issued During Period Value Issuance Of Common Shares For Lind CN</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueIssuanceOfCommonSharesForLindCN" xlink:to="abvc_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueIssuanceOfCommonSharesForLindCN_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_BioLiteJapanMember_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Bio Lite Japan Member</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_BioLiteJapanMember" xlink:to="abvc_BioLiteJapanMember_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingExpenses_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Operating Expenses</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingExpenses" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingExpenses_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationStockOptionsActivityTableTextBlock_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Option, Activity [Table Text Block]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationStockOptionsActivityTableTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationStockOptionsActivityTableTextBlock_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConvertibleDebtTableTextBlock_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Convertible Debt [Table Text Block]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ConvertibleDebtTableTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_ConvertibleDebtTableTextBlock_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueNextTwelveMonths_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Lessee, Operating Lease, Liability, to be Paid, Year One</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueNextTwelveMonths" xlink:to="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueNextTwelveMonths_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredStateAndLocalIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Deferred State and Local Income Tax Expense (Benefit)</label>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_royaltiesPercentage_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">royalties Percentage</label>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesConversionOfConvertibleSecurities_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Stock Issued During Period, Shares, Conversion of Convertible Securities</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesConversionOfConvertibleSecurities" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesConversionOfConvertibleSecurities_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfCommonStock_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Proceeds from Issuance of Common Stock</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfCommonStock" xlink:to="us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfCommonStock_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConversionOfStockSharesIssued1_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Conversion of Stock, Shares Issued</label>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConvertibleDebt_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Convertible Debt</label>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_LindGlobalFundIILPMember_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Lind Global Fund IILPMember</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_LindGlobalFundIILPMember" xlink:to="abvc_LindGlobalFundIILPMember_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsNoncurrent_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Prepaid Expense and Other Assets, Noncurrent</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsNoncurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsNoncurrent_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfRelatedPartyTransactionsTableTextBlock_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of Related Party Transactions [Table Text Block]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfRelatedPartyTransactionsTableTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfRelatedPartyTransactionsTableTextBlock_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_MinorityInterest_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Equity, Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest</label>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityUndiscountedExcessAmount_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Lessee, Operating Lease, Liability, Undiscounted Excess Amount</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityUndiscountedExcessAmount" xlink:to="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityUndiscountedExcessAmount_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="srt_ScheduleOfCondensedBalanceSheetTableTextBlock_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Condensed Balance Sheet [Table Text Block]</label>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DefinedContributionPlanEmployerMatchingContributionPercent_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Defined Contribution Plan, Employer Matching Contribution, Percent of Employees&apos; Gross Pay</label>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationAsset1_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Business Combination, Contingent Consideration, Change in Contingent Consideration, Asset, Increase (Decrease)</label>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_NumberOfReportableSegments_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Number of Reportable Segments</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_NumberOfReportableSegments" xlink:to="us-gaap_NumberOfReportableSegments_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccruedEmployeeBenefitsCurrentAndNoncurrent_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Accrued Employee Benefits</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccruedEmployeeBenefitsCurrentAndNoncurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccruedEmployeeBenefitsCurrentAndNoncurrent_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_RepaymentsOfShortTermDebt_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Repayments of Short-Term Debt</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_RepaymentsOfShortTermDebt" xlink:to="us-gaap_RepaymentsOfShortTermDebt_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LoansPayable_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Loans Payable</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LoansPayable" xlink:to="us-gaap_LoansPayable_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_RestrictedCashCurrent_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Restricted Cash, Current</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_RestrictedCashCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_RestrictedCashCurrent_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_SecondLindNoteMember_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Second Lind Note Member</label>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_NonoperatingIncomeExpenseAbstract_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Nonoperating Income (Expense) [Abstract]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_NonoperatingIncomeExpenseAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_NonoperatingIncomeExpenseAbstract_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_AccruedDirectorAndOfficerCompensation_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Accrued Director And Officer Compensation</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_AccruedDirectorAndOfficerCompensation" xlink:to="abvc_AccruedDirectorAndOfficerCompensation_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNet_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Accounts Receivable, after Allowance for Credit Loss</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNet" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNet_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_NoncontrollingInterestMember_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Noncontrolling Interest [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_NoncontrollingInterestMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_NoncontrollingInterestMember_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeasePayments_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Operating Lease, Payments</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingLeasePayments" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeasePayments_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalWarrantIssuedWithConvertibleNotesPayable_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Adjustments To Additional Paid In Capital Warrant Issued With Convertible Notes Payable</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalWarrantIssuedWithConvertibleNotesPayable" xlink:to="abvc_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalWarrantIssuedWithConvertibleNotesPayable_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm1_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Exercisable, Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm1" xlink:to="us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm1_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_CollaborativeAgreementWithForSeeConEyeCorporationMember_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Collaborative Agreement With For See Con Eye Corporation Member</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_CollaborativeAgreementWithForSeeConEyeCorporationMember" xlink:to="abvc_CollaborativeAgreementWithForSeeConEyeCorporationMember_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueEmployeeStockOwnershipPlan_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Stock Issued During Period, Value, Employee Stock Ownership Plan</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueEmployeeStockOwnershipPlan" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueEmployeeStockOwnershipPlan_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_BioFirstCorporationtheBioFirstMember_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Bio First Corporationthe Bio First Member</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_BioFirstCorporationtheBioFirstMember" xlink:to="abvc_BioFirstCorporationtheBioFirstMember_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingLeaseLiability_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Increase (Decrease) in Operating Lease Liability</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingLeaseLiability" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingLeaseLiability_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccruedLiabilitiesAndOtherOperatingLiabilities_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Increase (Decrease) in Accrued Liabilities and Other Operating Liabilities</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccruedLiabilitiesAndOtherOperatingLiabilities" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccruedLiabilitiesAndOtherOperatingLiabilities_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_OncoXBiopPharmaIncMember_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Onco XBiop Pharma Inc Member</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_OncoXBiopPharmaIncMember" xlink:to="abvc_OncoXBiopPharmaIncMember_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_lbl2" xml:lang="en-US">Income Tax Expense (Benefit)</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_lbl2"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsNet_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Deferred Tax Assets, Net of Valuation Allowance</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsNet" xlink:to="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsNet_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_GenePharmInctheGenePharmMember_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Gene Pharm Incthe Gene Pharm Member</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_GenePharmInctheGenePharmMember" xlink:to="abvc_GenePharmInctheGenePharmMember_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_IssuanceOfStockValue_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Issuance Of Stock Value</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_IssuanceOfStockValue" xlink:to="abvc_IssuanceOfStockValue_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeasesTextBlock_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Lessee, Operating Leases [Text Block]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeasesTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeasesTextBlock_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_ConcentrationOfClientsPolicyTextBlock_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Concentration Of Clients Policy Text Block</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_ConcentrationOfClientsPolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="abvc_ConcentrationOfClientsPolicyTextBlock_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_LionArtPromotionIncMember_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Lion Art Promotion Inc Member</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_LionArtPromotionIncMember" xlink:to="abvc_LionArtPromotionIncMember_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Sharebased Compensation Arrangement By Sharebased Payment Award Options Grant Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm" xlink:to="abvc_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_BioLiteJapanKKMember_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Bio Lite Japan KKMember</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_BioLiteJapanKKMember" xlink:to="abvc_BioLiteJapanKKMember_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_YuanGeneCorporationMember_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Yuan Gene Corporation Member</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_YuanGeneCorporationMember" xlink:to="abvc_YuanGeneCorporationMember_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherNoncashIncomeExpense_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Other Noncash Income (Expense)</label>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_ProceedsFromSubsidiarysCommonStockSubscription_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Proceeds From Subsidiarys Common Stock Subscription</label>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesNoncurrent_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Liabilities, Noncurrent</label>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_Assets_lbl2" xml:lang="en-US">Assets</label>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_Liabilities_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Liabilities</label>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_TreasuryStockValue_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Treasury Stock, Value</label>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_RgeneCorporationtheRgeneMember_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Rgene Corporationthe Rgene Member</label>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsPolicy_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Cash and Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents, Policy [Policy Text Block]</label>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccountsReceivableMember_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Accounts Receivable [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccountsReceivableMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccountsReceivableMember_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherResearchAndDevelopmentExpense_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Other Research and Development Expense</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherResearchAndDevelopmentExpense" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherResearchAndDevelopmentExpense_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="srt_RestatementAdjustmentMember_lbl2" xml:lang="en-US">Revision of Prior Period, Adjustment [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="srt_RestatementAdjustmentMember" xlink:to="srt_RestatementAdjustmentMember_lbl2"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_DebtInstrumentIssuanceEntity_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Debt Instrument Issuance Entity</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_DebtInstrumentIssuanceEntity" xlink:to="abvc_DebtInstrumentIssuanceEntity_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_LindNoteMember_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Lind Note Member</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_LindNoteMember" xlink:to="abvc_LindNoteMember_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_RepaymentsOfConvertibleDebt_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Repayments of Convertible Debt</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_RepaymentsOfConvertibleDebt" xlink:to="us-gaap_RepaymentsOfConvertibleDebt_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossBeforeTax_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Gain (Loss), Foreign Currency Transaction, before Tax</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossBeforeTax" xlink:to="us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossBeforeTax_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_WorkingCapitalConvertibleLoanPercentage_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Working Capital Convertible Loan Percentage</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_WorkingCapitalConvertibleLoanPercentage" xlink:to="abvc_WorkingCapitalConvertibleLoanPercentage_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsIssuedWeightedAverageExercisePrice_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award Non Option Equity Instruments Issued Weighted Average Exercise Price</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsIssuedWeightedAverageExercisePrice" xlink:to="abvc_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsIssuedWeightedAverageExercisePrice_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalConvertibleDebtWithConversionFeature_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Adjustments to Additional Paid in Capital, Convertible Debt with Conversion Feature</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalConvertibleDebtWithConversionFeature" xlink:to="us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalConvertibleDebtWithConversionFeature_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_PercentageOfOutstandingPrincipalAmount_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Percentage Of Outstanding Principal Amount</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_PercentageOfOutstandingPrincipalAmount" xlink:to="abvc_PercentageOfOutstandingPrincipalAmount_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_ShortTermDebtMaturityDate_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Short Term Debt Maturity Date</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_ShortTermDebtMaturityDate" xlink:to="abvc_ShortTermDebtMaturityDate_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_NonCashFinancingAndInvestingActivitiesAbstract_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Non Cash Financing And Investing Activities Abstract</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_NonCashFinancingAndInvestingActivitiesAbstract" xlink:to="abvc_NonCashFinancingAndInvestingActivitiesAbstract_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConstructionInProgressGross_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Construction in Progress, Gross</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ConstructionInProgressGross" xlink:to="us-gaap_ConstructionInProgressGross_lbl1"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_ScheduleOfDueFromRelatedPartyCurrentAndNonCurrentNetAbstract" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_ScheduleOfDueFromRelatedPartyCurrentAndNonCurrentNetAbstract"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_ScheduleOfDueFromRelatedPartyCurrentAndNonCurrentNetAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule Of Due From Related Party Current And Non Current Net Abstract</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_ScheduleOfDueFromRelatedPartyCurrentAndNonCurrentNetAbstract" xlink:to="abvc_ScheduleOfDueFromRelatedPartyCurrentAndNonCurrentNetAbstract_lbl"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeitedIntrinsicValue_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award Options Forfeited Intrinsic Value</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeitedIntrinsicValue" xlink:to="abvc_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeitedIntrinsicValue_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_AdvisorsTwoMember_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Advisors Two Member</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_AdvisorsTwoMember" xlink:to="abvc_AdvisorsTwoMember_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Property, Plant and Equipment, Gross</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross" xlink:to="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_MinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent_lbl2" xml:lang="en-US">Subsidiary, Ownership Percentage, Parent</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_MinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent" xlink:to="us-gaap_MinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent_lbl2"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_WorkingCapitalPercentage_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Working Capital Percentage</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_WorkingCapitalPercentage" xlink:to="abvc_WorkingCapitalPercentage_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_AmendmentFlag_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Amendment Flag</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_AmendmentFlag" xlink:to="dei_AmendmentFlag_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_ExistingWarrantsMember_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Existing Warrants Member</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_ExistingWarrantsMember" xlink:to="abvc_ExistingWarrantsMember_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Operating Income (Loss)</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccumulatedDepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationPropertyPlantAndEquipment_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Accumulated Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization, Property, Plant, and Equipment</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccumulatedDepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationPropertyPlantAndEquipment" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccumulatedDepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationPropertyPlantAndEquipment_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivable_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Accounts Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivable" xlink:to="us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivable_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearFour_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Lessee, Operating Lease, Liability, to be Paid, Year Four</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearFour" xlink:to="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearFour_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Central Index Key</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey" xlink:to="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_CurrentLiabilitiesAbstract0_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Current Liabilities Abstract0</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_CurrentLiabilitiesAbstract0" xlink:to="abvc_CurrentLiabilitiesAbstract0_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionsAndTranslationsPolicyTextBlock_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Foreign Currency Transactions and Translations Policy [Policy Text Block]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionsAndTranslationsPolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionsAndTranslationsPolicyTextBlock_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueAfterYearFive_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Lessee, Operating Lease, Liability, to be Paid, after Year Five</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueAfterYearFive" xlink:to="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueAfterYearFive_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Outstanding, Number</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeLossFromEquityMethodInvestments_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Income (Loss) from Equity Method Investments</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeLossFromEquityMethodInvestments" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncomeLossFromEquityMethodInvestments_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_SaleOfStockPercentageOfOwnershipAfterTransaction_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Sale of Stock, Percentage of Ownership after Transaction</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_SaleOfStockPercentageOfOwnershipAfterTransaction" xlink:to="us-gaap_SaleOfStockPercentageOfOwnershipAfterTransaction_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfOtherOwnershipInterestsTextBlock_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of Other Ownership Interests [Table Text Block]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfOtherOwnershipInterestsTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfOtherOwnershipInterestsTextBlock_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentIssuanceDate1_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Debt Instrument, Issuance Date</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentIssuanceDate1" xlink:to="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentIssuanceDate1_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerPolicyTextBlock_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Revenue from Contract with Customer [Policy Text Block]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerPolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerPolicyTextBlock_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_SaleOfStockPricePerShare_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Sale of Stock, Price Per Share</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_SaleOfStockPricePerShare" xlink:to="us-gaap_SaleOfStockPricePerShare_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PriorPeriodReclassificationAdjustmentDescription_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Reclassification, Comparability Adjustment [Policy Text Block]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PriorPeriodReclassificationAdjustmentDescription" xlink:to="us-gaap_PriorPeriodReclassificationAdjustmentDescription_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_ConsiderationAmount_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Consideration Amount</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_ConsiderationAmount" xlink:to="abvc_ConsiderationAmount_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentTerm_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Debt Instrument, Term</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentTerm" xlink:to="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentTerm_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PaymentsForPreviousAcquisition_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Payments for Previous Acquisition</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PaymentsForPreviousAcquisition" xlink:to="us-gaap_PaymentsForPreviousAcquisition_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_PercentageCommonStocksShares_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Percentage Common Stocks Shares</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_PercentageCommonStocksShares" xlink:to="abvc_PercentageCommonStocksShares_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsExercisedWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award Non Option Equity Instruments Exercised Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsExercisedWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm" xlink:to="abvc_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsExercisedWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_WeightedAverageDiscountRateAbstract0_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Weighted Average Discount Rate Abstract0</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_WeightedAverageDiscountRateAbstract0" xlink:to="abvc_WeightedAverageDiscountRateAbstract0_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesNoncurrent_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Debt Securities, Noncurrent</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesNoncurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesNoncurrent_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_CTBCLoanAgreementsMember_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">CTBCLoan Agreements Member</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_CTBCLoanAgreementsMember" xlink:to="abvc_CTBCLoanAgreementsMember_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_OperatingExpensesAbstract0_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Operating Expenses Abstract0</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_OperatingExpensesAbstract0" xlink:to="abvc_OperatingExpensesAbstract0_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalWarrantIssued_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Adjustments to Additional Paid in Capital, Warrant Issued</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalWarrantIssued" xlink:to="us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalWarrantIssued_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsOther_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Deferred Tax Assets, Other</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsOther" xlink:to="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsOther_lbl1"/>
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    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueIssuanceOfCommonSharesForExerciseOfWarrants" xlink:to="abvc_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueIssuanceOfCommonSharesForExerciseOfWarrants_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_ScheduleOfAccountsReceivableDueFromRelatedPartiesTableTextBlock_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule Of Accounts Receivable Due From Related Parties Table Text Block</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_ScheduleOfAccountsReceivableDueFromRelatedPartiesTableTextBlock" xlink:to="abvc_ScheduleOfAccountsReceivableDueFromRelatedPartiesTableTextBlock_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_BioLiteJPMember_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Bio Lite JPMember</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_BioLiteJPMember" xlink:to="abvc_BioLiteJPMember_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_InterestExpenseOther_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Interest Expense, Other</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_InterestExpenseOther" xlink:to="us-gaap_InterestExpenseOther_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableIntrinsicValue1_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Exercisable, Intrinsic Value</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableIntrinsicValue1" xlink:to="us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableIntrinsicValue1_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_EuroAsiaInvestmentFinanceCorpLtdMember_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Euro Asia Investment Finance Corp Ltd Member</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_EuroAsiaInvestmentFinanceCorpLtdMember" xlink:to="abvc_EuroAsiaInvestmentFinanceCorpLtdMember_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearFive_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Lessee, Operating Lease, Liability, to be Paid, Year Five</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearFive" xlink:to="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearFive_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfComponentsOfIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitTableTextBlock_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of Components of Income Tax Expense (Benefit) [Table Text Block]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfComponentsOfIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitTableTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfComponentsOfIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitTableTextBlock_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsIssuedWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award Non Option Equity Instruments Issued Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsIssuedWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm" xlink:to="abvc_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsIssuedWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_OutstandingPrincipalAmount_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Outstanding Principal Amount</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_OutstandingPrincipalAmount" xlink:to="abvc_OutstandingPrincipalAmount_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_SecondLINDNoteOneMember_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Second LINDNote One Member</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_SecondLINDNoteOneMember" xlink:to="abvc_SecondLINDNoteOneMember_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_WarrantDebtDiscountMember_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Warrant Debt Discount Member</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_WarrantDebtDiscountMember" xlink:to="abvc_WarrantDebtDiscountMember_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_OncoXBioPharmaIncMember_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Onco XBio Pharma Inc Member</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_OncoXBioPharmaIncMember" xlink:to="abvc_OncoXBioPharmaIncMember_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_SharePrice_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Share Price</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_SharePrice" xlink:to="us-gaap_SharePrice_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_RecognizedCreditLosses_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Recognized Credit Losses</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_RecognizedCreditLosses" xlink:to="abvc_RecognizedCreditLosses_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_UnregisteredSharesMember_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Unregistered Shares Member</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_UnregisteredSharesMember" xlink:to="abvc_UnregisteredSharesMember_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInContractWithCustomerLiability_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Increase (Decrease) in Contract with Customer, Liability</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInContractWithCustomerLiability" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInContractWithCustomerLiability_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CurrentStateAndLocalTaxExpenseBenefit_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Current State and Local Tax Expense (Benefit)</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CurrentStateAndLocalTaxExpenseBenefit" xlink:to="us-gaap_CurrentStateAndLocalTaxExpenseBenefit_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_TreasuryStockCommonShares_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Treasury Stock, Common, Shares</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_TreasuryStockCommonShares" xlink:to="us-gaap_TreasuryStockCommonShares_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueConversionOfConvertibleSecurities_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Stock Issued During Period, Value, Conversion of Convertible Securities</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueConversionOfConvertibleSecurities" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueConversionOfConvertibleSecurities_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_AssetsAbstract0_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Assets Abstract0</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_AssetsAbstract0" xlink:to="abvc_AssetsAbstract0_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_UnregisteredRestrictedSharesMember_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Unregistered Restricted Shares Member</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_UnregisteredRestrictedSharesMember" xlink:to="abvc_UnregisteredRestrictedSharesMember_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_EarningsPerShareTextBlock_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Earnings Per Share [Text Block]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_EarningsPerShareTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_EarningsPerShareTextBlock_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueIssuedForServices_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Stock Issued During Period, Value, Issued for Services</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueIssuedForServices" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueIssuedForServices_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_RealEstateOwnedValuationAllowance_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Real Estate Owned, Valuation Allowance</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_RealEstateOwnedValuationAllowance" xlink:to="us-gaap_RealEstateOwnedValuationAllowance_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_PrepaymentOfAssetAcquisitionByIssuingCommonStockToAThirdParty_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Prepayment Of Asset Acquisition By Issuing Common Stock To AThird Party</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_PrepaymentOfAssetAcquisitionByIssuingCommonStockToAThirdParty" xlink:to="abvc_PrepaymentOfAssetAcquisitionByIssuingCommonStockToAThirdParty_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_EarningsPerSharePolicyTextBlock_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Earnings Per Share, Policy [Policy Text Block]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_EarningsPerSharePolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_EarningsPerSharePolicyTextBlock_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_OutstandingLiabilityOwnedAmount_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Outstanding Liability Owned Amount</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_OutstandingLiabilityOwnedAmount" xlink:to="abvc_OutstandingLiabilityOwnedAmount_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfPrivatePlacement_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Proceeds from Issuance of Private Placement</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfPrivatePlacement" xlink:to="us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfPrivatePlacement_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Share-Based Compensation Arrangements by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Forfeitures in Period, Weighted Average Exercise Price</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_ShulingJiangMember_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Shuling Jiang Member</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_ShulingJiangMember" xlink:to="abvc_ShulingJiangMember_lbl0"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_ScheduleOfStatementsOfOperationsAbstract" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_ScheduleOfStatementsOfOperationsAbstract"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_ScheduleOfStatementsOfOperationsAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule Of Statements Of Operations Abstract</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_ScheduleOfStatementsOfOperationsAbstract" xlink:to="abvc_ScheduleOfStatementsOfOperationsAbstract_lbl"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_StockReverseSplitPolicyTextBlock_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Stock Reverse Split Policy Text Block</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_StockReverseSplitPolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="abvc_StockReverseSplitPolicyTextBlock_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_OperatingLeaseLiabilities_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Operating Lease Liabilities</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_OperatingLeaseLiabilities" xlink:to="abvc_OperatingLeaseLiabilities_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_CashAndCashEquivalentsAndRestrictedCashAbstract_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Cash And Cash Equivalents And Restricted Cash Abstract</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_CashAndCashEquivalentsAndRestrictedCashAbstract" xlink:to="abvc_CashAndCashEquivalentsAndRestrictedCashAbstract_lbl0"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="abvc_ScheduleOfLeaseAbstract" xlink:href="abvc-20250331.xsd#abvc_ScheduleOfLeaseAbstract"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_ScheduleOfLeaseAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule Of Lease Abstract</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_ScheduleOfLeaseAbstract" xlink:to="abvc_ScheduleOfLeaseAbstract_lbl"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueIssuanceOfCommonSharesForAcquisitionOfProperty_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Stock Issued During Period Value Issuance Of Common Shares For Acquisition Of Property</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueIssuanceOfCommonSharesForAcquisitionOfProperty" xlink:to="abvc_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueIssuanceOfCommonSharesForAcquisitionOfProperty_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss_lbl2" xml:lang="en-US">Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Parent</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss" xlink:to="us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss_lbl2"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_InvestmentTableTextBlock_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Investment [Table Text Block]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_InvestmentTableTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_InvestmentTableTextBlock_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentFaceAmount_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Debt Instrument, Face Amount</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentFaceAmount" xlink:to="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentFaceAmount_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Assets, Current [Abstract]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_RgeneStudiesMember_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Rgene Studies Member</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_RgeneStudiesMember" xlink:to="abvc_RgeneStudiesMember_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Outstanding, Weighted Average Exercise Price</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedAssets_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Business Combination, Recognized Asset Acquired, Asset</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedAssets" xlink:to="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedAssets_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="abvc_ReceivedShares_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Received Shares</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="abvc_ReceivedShares" xlink:to="abvc_ReceivedShares_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherReceivableAfterAllowanceForCreditLossNoncurrent_lbl3" xml:lang="en-US">Other Receivable, after Allowance for Credit Loss, Noncurrent</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherReceivableAfterAllowanceForCreditLossNoncurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherReceivableAfterAllowanceForCreditLossNoncurrent_lbl3"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent_lbl1" xml:lang="en-US">Liabilities, Current</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent_lbl1"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PaymentsForParticipationLiabilities_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Payments for Participation Liabilities</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PaymentsForParticipationLiabilities" xlink:to="us-gaap_PaymentsForParticipationLiabilities_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredFederalIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Deferred Federal Income Tax Expense (Benefit)</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DeferredFederalIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" xlink:to="us-gaap_DeferredFederalIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_lbl0"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentInterestRateTerms_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Debt Instrument, Interest Rate Terms</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentInterestRateTerms" xlink:to="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentInterestRateTerms_lbl0"/>
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</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-101.PRE
<SEQUENCE>12
<FILENAME>abvc-20250331_pre.xml
<DESCRIPTION>XBRL PRESENTATION FILE
<TEXT>
<XBRL>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="US-ASCII"?>
<!-- Generated by CompSci Transform (tm) - http://www.compsciresources.com -->
<!-- Created: Fri May 23 22:18:14 UTC 2025 -->
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    <dei:AmendmentDescription contextRef="c0" id="ixv-335">This Post-Effective Amendment No. 1 (this
&#x201c;Amendment&#x201d;) to the Registration Statement on Form S-1, as amended (SEC File No. 333-280411) (the &#x201c;Original Registration
Statement&#x201d;), of ABVC BioPharma, Inc. (the &#x201c;Company&#x201d;) is being filed pursuant to the undertakings in the Original Registration
Statement to update and supplement the information contained in the Original Registration Statement, which was originally declared effective
by the Securities and Exchange Commission on July 1, 2024.For the convenience of the reader, this Amendment
sets forth the Original Registration Statement in its entirety, as amended by this Amendment. This Amendment is being filed to incorporate
certain information from the Company&#x2019;s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended March 31, 2025 and Annual Report
on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024 filed with the SEC on April 30, 2025 and April 15, 2025, and to update certain other
information in the Registration Statement.No additional securities are being registered
under this Post-Effective Amendment No. 1. All applicable registration fees were previously paid.Pursuant to Section 84001 of the FAST Act,
all documents subsequently filed by us pursuant to Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14, or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended,
after the date of this Post-Effective Amendment and prior to the termination of the offering covered hereby shall also be deemed to be
incorporated by reference into this Post-Effective Amendment and to be a part hereof from the date of filing of such documents.</dei:AmendmentDescription>
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    <us-gaap:BusinessDescriptionAndBasisOfPresentationTextBlock contextRef="c7" id="ixv-22672">&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;1. ORGANIZATION AND DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;ABVC BioPharma, Inc. (the &#x201c;Company&#x201d;),
formerly known as American BriVision (Holding) Corporation, a Nevada corporation, through the Company&#x2019;s operating entity, American
BriVision Corporation (&#x201c;BriVision&#x201d;), which was incorporated in July 2015 in the State of Delaware, engages in biotechnology
to fulfill unmet medical needs and focuses on the development of new drugs and medical devices derived from plants. BriVision develops
its pipeline by carefully tracking new medical discoveries or medical device technologies in research institutions in the Asia-Pacific
region. Pre-clinical, disease animal model and Phase I safety studies are examined closely by the Company to identify drugs that BriVision
believes demonstrate efficacy and safety. Once a drug appears to be a good candidate for development and ultimately commercialization,
BriVision licenses the drug or medical device from the original researchers and begins to introduce the drugs clinical plan to highly
respected principal investigators in the United States, Australia and Taiwan to conduct a Phase II clinical trial. At present, clinical
trials for the Company&#x2019;s drugs and medical devices are being conducted at such world-famous institutions including Stanford University,
University of California San Fransisco (UCSF) and Cedar Sinai Medical Centre (CSMC).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The Company has four wholly-owned subsidiaries,
BriVision, BioLite Holding Inc. (&#x201c;BioLite Holding&#x201d;), BioKey Inc. (&#x201c;BioKey&#x201d;), BioKey (Cayman), Inc (&#x201c;BioKey
Cayman&#x201d;), and a majority-owned subsidiary, AiBtl BioPharma Inc. (&#x201c;AiBtl&#x201d;).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;BioLite Holding was incorporated in the State
of Nevada with wholly owned subsidiary BioLite BVI, Inc. (&#x201c;BioLite BVI&#x201d;) that was incorporated in the British Virgin Islands.
BioLite BVI holds 73% ownership of BioLite Inc. (&#x201c;BioLite Taiwan&#x201d;), a Taiwanese corporation that was founded in February
2006. BioLite Taiwan has been in the business of developing new drugs since it was incorporated.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Yunzhiyi, a Taiwanese corporation, was incorporated
in August 2024, with 90% owned by BioLite Taiwan and 10% owned by Shuling Jiang, the Company&#x2019;s director. This entity is set up
for holding the land that AiBtl acquired in Taiwan for developing health related business in Taiwan.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Incorporated in California on November 20,
2000, BioKey has chosen to initially focus on developing generic drugs to ride the opportunity of the booming industry.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;BioKey Cayman was incorporated in Cayman Islands
in July 2023, which is 100% owned by ABVC. This subsidiary has no activities since inception.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline"&gt;Acquisition of AiBtl BioPharma Inc.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;On November 12, 2023, the Company and BioLite
Taiwan each entered into a multi-year, global licensing agreement with AiBtl for the Company and BioLite Taiwan&#x2019;s CNS drugs with
the indications of MDD (Major Depressive Disorder) and ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) (collectively, the &#x201c;Licensed
Products&#x201d;). The potential license will cover the Licensed Products&#x2019; clinical trial, registration, manufacturing, supply,
and distribution rights. The parties are determined to collaborate on the global development of the Licensed Products. The parties are
also working to strengthen new drug development and business collaboration, including technology, interoperability, and standards development.
As per each of the respective agreements, each of ABVC and BioLite Taiwan received 23 million shares of AiBtl stock and as a result,
the Company has a controlling interest over AiBtl. If certain milestones are met, the Company and BioLite Taiwan are each eligible to
receive $3,500,000 and royalties equaling 5% of net sales, up to $100 million. The financial statements of AiBtl are included in the
Company&#x2019;s consolidated financial statements.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The Company concluded the assets acquired
and liabilities assumed did not meet the definition of a business as a limited number of inputs were acquired but no substantive business
processes or signs of output were acquired. As such, the acquisition was accounted for as an asset purchase. The purchase consideration
was nonmonetary assets (patent) and transfer on November 12, 2023. The equity interest transferred to ABVC and BioLite Taiwan on December
15, 2023.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:BusinessDescriptionAndBasisOfPresentationTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage contextRef="c87" decimals="2" id="ixv-45637" unitRef="pure">0.73</us-gaap:EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage>
    <us-gaap:EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage contextRef="c88" decimals="2" id="ixv-45638" unitRef="pure">0.90</us-gaap:EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage>
    <us-gaap:EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage contextRef="c89" decimals="2" id="ixv-45639" unitRef="pure">0.10</us-gaap:EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage>
    <us-gaap:MinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent contextRef="c90" decimals="2" id="ixv-45640" unitRef="pure">1</us-gaap:MinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent>
    <us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesOther
      contextRef="c91"
      decimals="-6"
      id="ixv-45641"
      unitRef="shares">23000000</us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesOther>
    <abvc:BenefitsReceivableForMilestoneAttained contextRef="c1" decimals="0" id="ixv-45642" unitRef="usd">3500000</abvc:BenefitsReceivableForMilestoneAttained>
    <abvc:PercentageOfRoyaltiesEqualing contextRef="c7" decimals="2" id="ixv-45643" unitRef="pure">0.05</abvc:PercentageOfRoyaltiesEqualing>
    <abvc:AcquisitionForNetSales contextRef="c7" decimals="-6" id="ixv-45644" unitRef="usd">100000000</abvc:AcquisitionForNetSales>
    <abvc:LiquidityGoingConcernAndRestatementTextBlock contextRef="c7" id="ixv-22728">&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2. LIQUIDITY, GOING CONCERN, AND RESTATEMENT&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Liquidity and Going Concern&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The accompanying financial statements have
been prepared in conformity with the generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (the &#x201c;U.S. GAAP&#x201d;)
which contemplates continuation of the Company on a going concern basis. The going concern basis assumes that assets are realized, and
liabilities are settled in the ordinary course of business at amounts disclosed in the financial statements. The Company&#x2019;s ability
to continue as a going concern depends upon its ability to market and sell its products to generate positive operating cash flows. For
the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company reported net loss of $5,259,037. As of December 31, 2024, the Company&#x2019;s working capital
deficit was $4,377,646.&#160; In addition, the Company had net cash outflows of $1,809,145&#160;from operating activities for the year
ended December 31, 2024. These conditions give rise to substantial doubt as to whether the Company will be able to continue as a going
concern.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;To sustain its ability to support the Company&#x2019;s
operating activities, the Company may have to consider supplementing its available sources of funds through the following sources:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#x25cf;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;cash generated from
    operations;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 24px; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 24px; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#x25cf;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;other
    available sources of financing from banks and other financial institutions in the U.S. and in Taiwan; and&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#x25cf;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;financial support from the Company&#x2019;s related parties and shareholders.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Management&#x2019;s plan is to continue to
improve operations to generate positive cash flows and raise additional capital through private or public offerings, or financial support
from related parties or shareholders. If the Company is not able to generate positive operating cash flows, and raise additional capital,
there is the risk that the Company may not be able to meet its short-term obligations. All of these factors raise substantial doubt about
the ability of the Company to continue as a going concern. The consolidated financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2024
and 2023 have been prepared on a going concern basis and do not include any adjustments to reflect the possible future effects on the
recoverability and classifications of assets or the amounts and classifications of liabilities that may result from the inability of
the Company to continue as a going concern.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Restatement Background and Explanation&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 6.4pt 0pt 8pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#160;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The Company has restated its financial statements
as of and for the year ended December 31, 2023, to correct misstatements in those prior periods related to improperly applying accounting
guidance on the share-based payments, incorrectly recognizing interest expenses upon the conversion of convertible debts, and misidentifying
the existence of non-controlling interest of our subsidiary.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 6.4pt 0pt 8pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;As disclosed in Note 5, the Company entered
into a cooperation agreement on August 14, 2023 with Zhong Hui Lian He Ji Tuan, Ltd. (the &#x201c;Zhonghui&#x201d;) to acquire 20% of the
ownership of certain property and a parcel of the land. According to the agreement, the Company issued 370,000 shares of its common stock
as the consideration, and used $20 dollar per share to recognize the right as construction in progress on the balance sheet.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 6.4pt 0pt 8pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;At the time of preparing its 2024 financial
statements, the Company reviewed the entire transaction, its relevant agreements and documentation, as well as the applicable accounting
guidance. The Company applied FASB Accounting Standard Codification (&#x201c;ASC&#x201d;) 845 Nonmonetary Transactions to determine the
fair value of the asset acquired would be more evident than the fair value of the consideration in exchange, the Company&#x2019;s restricted
common stocks. The real estates acquired comes with a third-party valuation of $7,400,000 per the Company&#x2019;s stake, which the value
of the acquired assets is guaranteed by Zhonghui. Upon further review, the Company considered ASC 718 Compensation &#x2013; Stock Compensation,
should have been the appropriate guidance to apply given the Company&#x2019;s common stocks are listed in Nasdaq with more observable
fair value (Level 1). Furthermore, at the time of issuance of these financial statements, no real estate title was transferred to the
Company. As a result, the Company adjusted the carrying value of the asset and reclassified the balance to &#x201c;Prepayment for asset
acquisition&#x201d; account to reflect the value of 370,000 shares issued at $1.87, the closing price as of the contract date. The Company
also corrected the share price used to recognize stock compensation expense from $20 to $1.87 for the 29,600 shares of common stock issued
on the same day to several consultants. As a result, these adjustments reduced $6,708,100 for asset recognized and $536,648 for stock-compensation
expense incurred in 2023.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;In February 2023, the Company issued a convertible
note to LIND Global Fund II, LP (Note 7). Due to misapplication of ASC 470-20 instead of ASC 815-40, the Company overstated interest
expenses $1,179,669 for the year ended December 31, 2023. The overstatement is offsetting against additional paid-in capital due to the
convertible note being converted to the Company&#x2019;s own common stocks instead of being repaid or disposition.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;In November 2023, the Company and one of its
subsidiaries entered into a licensing agreement with AiBtl. The Company accounted for a 100% control of AiBtl as of December 31, 2023,
but later discovered that AiBtl had outstanding founder shares that were not deposited to the stock transfer agent in the timely manner.
Such shares reduced the Company&#x2019;s controlling interest from 100% to 69.70%. Accordingly, the Company adjusted the relevant accounts
in our consolidated financial statements.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;As discussed in Note 12, in July 2019 the
Company issued 644,972 shares (post-split) of the Company&#x2019;s common stock to four consultants for their services. Such stock-based
expenses were amortized over 5 years starting from the issuance date. Per the Company&#x2019;s further review, the services, along with
the agreements, were completed by December 31, 2022. Pursuant to ASC 718, the costs of services should be recognized along with the period
when services are received. Therefore, the Company reversed share-based compensation expenses of $451,480 and $902,960 for the years
ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The accumulated deficit as of December 31, 2022 was corrected with the Stock Subscription
Receivables for $1,354,440 as a result of such adjustments.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 6.4pt 0pt 8pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;



&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Impact of the Restatement&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 6.4pt 0pt 8pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#160;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The impact of the restatement on the balance
sheets, statements of operations, and statements of cash flows as of and for the year ended December 31, 2023 is presented below.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 12pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="10" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;December 31, 2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Consolidated Balance Sheets&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;As &lt;br/&gt;
Reported&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Adjustments&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;As &lt;br/&gt;
Restated&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 64%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Property and equipment, net&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;7,969,278&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(7,400,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;569,278&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Prepayment for asset acquisition&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-256"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;691,900&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;691,900&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Total Assets&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;14,492,599&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(6,708,100&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;7,784,499&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 12pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 12pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 12pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 12pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Accrued expenses and other current liabilities&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;3,696,380&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(148,028&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;3,548,352&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Convertible notes payable &#x2013; third parties, net&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;569,456&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;317,066&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;886,522&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Due to related parties&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;173,132&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;361&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;173,493&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Current Liabilities&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;5,932,490&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;169,399&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;6,101,889&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Total Liabilities&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;6,361,627&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;169,399&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;6,531,026&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 12pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 12pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 12pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 12pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Additional paid-in capital&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;82,636,966&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(8,658,586&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;73,978,380&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Total stockholders&#x2019; equity&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;8,388,050&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(6,833,940&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;1,554,110&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Noncontrolling interest&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(257,078&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(43,559&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(300,637&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Total Equity&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;8,130,972&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(6,877,499&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;1,253,473&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Total Liabilities and Equity&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;14,492,599&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(6,708,100&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;7,784,499&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;


&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="10" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Year Ended December 31, 2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Consolidated Statements of Operations&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;As &lt;br/&gt;
Reported&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Adjustments&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;As &lt;br/&gt;
Restated&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 64%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Stock based compensation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;1,635,708&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(1,449,775&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;185,933&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Interest expenses&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(2,493,340&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;1,179,669&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(1,313,671&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(394,632&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(98,162&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(492,794&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Net loss&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(10,910,288&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2,629,444&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(8,280,844&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Basic and diluted net loss per common share&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(2.43&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;0.63&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(1.80&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;


&lt;p style="margin: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="10" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Year Ended December
    31, 2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;As &lt;br/&gt;
Reported&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Adjustments&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;As &lt;br/&gt;
Restated&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 64%; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Net income (loss)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(10,910,288&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2,629,444&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(8,280,844&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Stock-based compensation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;1,635,708&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(1,449,775&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;185,933&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Other non-cash income and expenses&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2,413,746&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(1,169,501&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;1,244,245&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Accrued expenses and other current liabilities&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;786,793&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(148,031&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;638,762&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Due to related parties&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(186,860&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;186,860&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-257"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Net cash used in operating activities&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(4,235,845&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(48,997&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(4,186,848&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Due to related parties*&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-258"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(186,499&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(186,499&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Proceeds from subsidiary&#x2019;s executive contribution&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-259"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;137,500&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;137,500&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Net cash provided by financing activities&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;3,918,960&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(48,999&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;3,869,961&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-260"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;2,125-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2,123&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Purchase of Property and equipment by issuing common stock to a third party&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;7,400,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(7,400,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-261"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Prepayment for asset acquisition by issuing common stock to a third party&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-262"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;691,600&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;691,900&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Issuance of common stock for conversion of debt&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;3,306,112&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(1,519,426&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;1,786,686&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;


&lt;p style="margin: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 0in"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 10pt"&gt;*&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 10pt"&gt;Due to related parties previously reported amount was reclassified to financing activities based on current year&#x2019;s presentation.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;</abvc:LiquidityGoingConcernAndRestatementTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:NetIncomeLossAvailableToCommonStockholdersBasic contextRef="c7" decimals="0" id="ixv-45645" unitRef="usd">5259037</us-gaap:NetIncomeLossAvailableToCommonStockholdersBasic>
    <abvc:WorkingCapitalDeficit contextRef="c7" decimals="0" id="ixv-45646" unitRef="usd">4377646</abvc:WorkingCapitalDeficit>
    <us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities contextRef="c7" decimals="0" id="ixv-45647" unitRef="usd">-1809145</us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities>
    <us-gaap:MinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent contextRef="c92" decimals="2" id="ixv-45648" unitRef="pure">0.20</us-gaap:MinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent>
    <abvc:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesIssuanceOfCommonSharesForAcquisitionOfProperty
      contextRef="c93"
      decimals="0"
      id="ixv-45649"
      unitRef="shares">370000</abvc:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesIssuanceOfCommonSharesForAcquisitionOfProperty>
    <us-gaap:SharesIssuedPricePerShare
      contextRef="c94"
      decimals="0"
      id="ixv-45650"
      unitRef="usdPershares">20</us-gaap:SharesIssuedPricePerShare>
    <us-gaap:RealEstateOwnedValuationAllowance contextRef="c95" decimals="0" id="ixv-45651" unitRef="usd">7400000</us-gaap:RealEstateOwnedValuationAllowance>
    <us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesAcquisitions
      contextRef="c7"
      decimals="0"
      id="ixv-45652"
      unitRef="shares">370000</us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesAcquisitions>
    <us-gaap:SharesIssuedPricePerShare
      contextRef="c1"
      decimals="2"
      id="ixv-45653"
      unitRef="usdPershares">1.87</us-gaap:SharesIssuedPricePerShare>
    <us-gaap:SharesIssuedPricePerShare
      contextRef="c96"
      decimals="0"
      id="ixv-45654"
      unitRef="usdPershares">20</us-gaap:SharesIssuedPricePerShare>
    <us-gaap:SharesIssuedPricePerShare
      contextRef="c97"
      decimals="2"
      id="ixv-45655"
      unitRef="usdPershares">1.87</us-gaap:SharesIssuedPricePerShare>
    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAuthorized
      contextRef="c1"
      decimals="0"
      id="ixv-45656"
      unitRef="shares">29600</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAuthorized>
    <us-gaap:Assets contextRef="c98" decimals="0" id="ixv-45657" unitRef="usd">-6708100</us-gaap:Assets>
    <us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpenseNetOfTax contextRef="c28" decimals="0" id="ixv-45658" unitRef="usd">536648</us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpenseNetOfTax>
    <us-gaap:InterestExpenseOther contextRef="c28" decimals="0" id="ixv-45659" unitRef="usd">1179669</us-gaap:InterestExpenseOther>
    <us-gaap:MinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent contextRef="c99" decimals="2" id="ixv-45660" unitRef="pure">1</us-gaap:MinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent>
    <us-gaap:MinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent
      contextRef="c100"
      decimals="2"
      id="ixv-45661"
      unitRef="pure">1</us-gaap:MinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent>
    <us-gaap:MinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent
      contextRef="c101"
      decimals="4"
      id="ixv-45662"
      unitRef="pure">0.697</us-gaap:MinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent>
    <us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockSplits
      contextRef="c102"
      decimals="0"
      id="ixv-45663"
      unitRef="shares">644972</us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockSplits>
    <abvc:StockBasedExpensesAmortizationPeriod contextRef="c7" id="ixv-45664">P5Y</abvc:StockBasedExpensesAmortizationPeriod>
    <us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense contextRef="c7" decimals="0" id="ixv-45665" unitRef="usd">451480</us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense>
    <us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense contextRef="c8" decimals="0" id="ixv-45666" unitRef="usd">902960</us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense>
    <us-gaap:StockholdersEquityNoteSubscriptionsReceivable contextRef="c10" decimals="0" id="ixv-45667" unitRef="usd">1354440</us-gaap:StockholdersEquityNoteSubscriptionsReceivable>
    <srt:ScheduleOfCondensedFinancialStatementsTableTextBlock contextRef="c7" id="ixv-22834">&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The impact of the restatement on the balance
sheets, statements of operations, and statements of cash flows as of and for the year ended December 31, 2023 is presented below.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 12pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="10" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;December 31, 2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Consolidated Balance Sheets&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;As &lt;br/&gt;
Reported&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Adjustments&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;As &lt;br/&gt;
Restated&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 64%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Property and equipment, net&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;7,969,278&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(7,400,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;569,278&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Prepayment for asset acquisition&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-256"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;691,900&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;691,900&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Total Assets&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;14,492,599&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(6,708,100&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;7,784,499&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 12pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 12pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 12pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 12pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Accrued expenses and other current liabilities&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;3,696,380&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(148,028&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;3,548,352&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Convertible notes payable &#x2013; third parties, net&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;569,456&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;317,066&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;886,522&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Due to related parties&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;173,132&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;361&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;173,493&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Current Liabilities&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;5,932,490&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;169,399&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;6,101,889&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Total Liabilities&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;6,361,627&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;169,399&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;6,531,026&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 12pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 12pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 12pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 12pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Additional paid-in capital&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;82,636,966&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(8,658,586&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;73,978,380&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Total stockholders&#x2019; equity&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;8,388,050&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(6,833,940&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;1,554,110&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Noncontrolling interest&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(257,078&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(43,559&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(300,637&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Total Equity&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;8,130,972&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(6,877,499&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;1,253,473&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Total Liabilities and Equity&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;14,492,599&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(6,708,100&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;7,784,499&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;


&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="10" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Year Ended December 31, 2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Consolidated Statements of Operations&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;As &lt;br/&gt;
Reported&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Adjustments&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;As &lt;br/&gt;
Restated&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 64%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Stock based compensation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;1,635,708&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(1,449,775&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;185,933&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Interest expenses&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(2,493,340&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;1,179,669&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(1,313,671&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(394,632&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(98,162&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(492,794&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Net loss&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(10,910,288&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2,629,444&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(8,280,844&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Basic and diluted net loss per common share&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(2.43&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;0.63&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(1.80&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;


&lt;p style="margin: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="10" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Year Ended December
    31, 2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;As &lt;br/&gt;
Reported&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Adjustments&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;As &lt;br/&gt;
Restated&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 64%; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Net income (loss)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(10,910,288&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2,629,444&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(8,280,844&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Stock-based compensation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;1,635,708&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(1,449,775&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;185,933&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Other non-cash income and expenses&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2,413,746&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(1,169,501&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;1,244,245&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Accrued expenses and other current liabilities&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;786,793&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(148,031&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;638,762&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Due to related parties&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(186,860&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;186,860&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-257"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Net cash used in operating activities&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(4,235,845&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(48,997&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(4,186,848&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Due to related parties*&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-258"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(186,499&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(186,499&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Proceeds from subsidiary&#x2019;s executive contribution&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-259"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;137,500&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;137,500&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Net cash provided by financing activities&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;3,918,960&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(48,999&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;3,869,961&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-260"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;2,125-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2,123&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Purchase of Property and equipment by issuing common stock to a third party&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;7,400,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(7,400,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-261"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Prepayment for asset acquisition by issuing common stock to a third party&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-262"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;691,600&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;691,900&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Issuance of common stock for conversion of debt&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;3,306,112&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(1,519,426&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;1,786,686&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;


&lt;p style="margin: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 0in"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 10pt"&gt;*&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 10pt"&gt;Due to related parties previously reported amount was reclassified to financing activities based on current year&#x2019;s presentation.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;</srt:ScheduleOfCondensedFinancialStatementsTableTextBlock>
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    <us-gaap:Assets contextRef="c2" decimals="0" id="ixv-45675" unitRef="usd">7784499</us-gaap:Assets>
    <us-gaap:AccountsPayableAndOtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent contextRef="c103" decimals="0" id="ixv-45676" unitRef="usd">3696380</us-gaap:AccountsPayableAndOtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent>
    <us-gaap:AccountsPayableAndOtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent contextRef="c98" decimals="0" id="ixv-45677" unitRef="usd">-148028</us-gaap:AccountsPayableAndOtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent>
    <us-gaap:AccountsPayableAndOtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent contextRef="c2" decimals="0" id="ixv-45678" unitRef="usd">3548352</us-gaap:AccountsPayableAndOtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent>
    <us-gaap:ConvertibleNotesPayable contextRef="c103" decimals="0" id="ixv-45679" unitRef="usd">569456</us-gaap:ConvertibleNotesPayable>
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    <us-gaap:OtherLiabilitiesCurrent contextRef="c105" decimals="0" id="ixv-45683" unitRef="usd">361</us-gaap:OtherLiabilitiesCurrent>
    <us-gaap:OtherLiabilitiesCurrent contextRef="c4" decimals="0" id="ixv-45684" unitRef="usd">173493</us-gaap:OtherLiabilitiesCurrent>
    <us-gaap:LiabilitiesCurrent contextRef="c103" decimals="0" id="ixv-45685" unitRef="usd">5932490</us-gaap:LiabilitiesCurrent>
    <us-gaap:LiabilitiesCurrent contextRef="c98" decimals="0" id="ixv-45686" unitRef="usd">169399</us-gaap:LiabilitiesCurrent>
    <us-gaap:LiabilitiesCurrent contextRef="c2" decimals="0" id="ixv-45687" unitRef="usd">6101889</us-gaap:LiabilitiesCurrent>
    <us-gaap:Liabilities contextRef="c103" decimals="0" id="ixv-45688" unitRef="usd">6361627</us-gaap:Liabilities>
    <us-gaap:Liabilities contextRef="c98" decimals="0" id="ixv-45689" unitRef="usd">169399</us-gaap:Liabilities>
    <us-gaap:Liabilities contextRef="c2" decimals="0" id="ixv-45690" unitRef="usd">6531026</us-gaap:Liabilities>
    <us-gaap:AdditionalPaidInCapitalCommonStock contextRef="c103" decimals="0" id="ixv-45691" unitRef="usd">82636966</us-gaap:AdditionalPaidInCapitalCommonStock>
    <us-gaap:AdditionalPaidInCapitalCommonStock contextRef="c98" decimals="0" id="ixv-45692" unitRef="usd">-8658586</us-gaap:AdditionalPaidInCapitalCommonStock>
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    <us-gaap:StockholdersEquity contextRef="c98" decimals="0" id="ixv-45695" unitRef="usd">-6833940</us-gaap:StockholdersEquity>
    <us-gaap:StockholdersEquity contextRef="c2" decimals="0" id="ixv-45696" unitRef="usd">1554110</us-gaap:StockholdersEquity>
    <us-gaap:MinorityInterest contextRef="c103" decimals="0" id="ixv-45697" unitRef="usd">-257078</us-gaap:MinorityInterest>
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    <us-gaap:StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest contextRef="c103" decimals="0" id="ixv-45700" unitRef="usd">8130972</us-gaap:StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest>
    <us-gaap:StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest contextRef="c98" decimals="0" id="ixv-45701" unitRef="usd">-6877499</us-gaap:StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest>
    <us-gaap:StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest contextRef="c2" decimals="0" id="ixv-45702" unitRef="usd">1253473</us-gaap:StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest>
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    <us-gaap:LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity contextRef="c2" decimals="0" id="ixv-45705" unitRef="usd">7784499</us-gaap:LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity>
    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensation contextRef="c106" decimals="0" id="ixv-45706" unitRef="usd">1635708</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensation>
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    <us-gaap:InterestExpense contextRef="c8" decimals="0" id="ixv-45711" unitRef="usd">1313671</us-gaap:InterestExpense>
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    <us-gaap:NetIncomeLossAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest contextRef="c28" decimals="0" id="ixv-45713" unitRef="usd">-98162</us-gaap:NetIncomeLossAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest>
    <us-gaap:NetIncomeLossAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest contextRef="c8" decimals="0" id="ixv-45714" unitRef="usd">-492794</us-gaap:NetIncomeLossAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest>
    <us-gaap:ProfitLoss contextRef="c106" decimals="0" id="ixv-45715" unitRef="usd">-10910288</us-gaap:ProfitLoss>
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    <us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInDueToRelatedParties contextRef="c106" decimals="0" id="ixv-45736" unitRef="usd">-186860</us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInDueToRelatedParties>
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    <abvc:EffectOfExchangeRateChangeOnCashAndCashEquivalentsAndRestrictedCash contextRef="c28" decimals="0" id="ixv-45748" unitRef="usd">-2</abvc:EffectOfExchangeRateChangeOnCashAndCashEquivalentsAndRestrictedCash>
    <abvc:EffectOfExchangeRateChangeOnCashAndCashEquivalentsAndRestrictedCash contextRef="c8" decimals="0" id="ixv-45749" unitRef="usd">2123</abvc:EffectOfExchangeRateChangeOnCashAndCashEquivalentsAndRestrictedCash>
    <abvc:PurchaseOfPropertyAndEquipmentByIssuingCommonStockToAThirdParty contextRef="c106" decimals="0" id="ixv-45750" unitRef="usd">7400000</abvc:PurchaseOfPropertyAndEquipmentByIssuingCommonStockToAThirdParty>
    <abvc:PurchaseOfPropertyAndEquipmentByIssuingCommonStockToAThirdParty contextRef="c28" decimals="0" id="ixv-45751" unitRef="usd">-7400000</abvc:PurchaseOfPropertyAndEquipmentByIssuingCommonStockToAThirdParty>
    <abvc:PrepaymentOfAssetAcquisitionByIssuingCommonStockToAThirdParty contextRef="c28" decimals="0" id="ixv-45752" unitRef="usd">691600</abvc:PrepaymentOfAssetAcquisitionByIssuingCommonStockToAThirdParty>
    <abvc:PrepaymentOfAssetAcquisitionByIssuingCommonStockToAThirdParty contextRef="c8" decimals="0" id="ixv-45753" unitRef="usd">691900</abvc:PrepaymentOfAssetAcquisitionByIssuingCommonStockToAThirdParty>
    <abvc:IssuanceOfCommonStockForConversionOfDebt contextRef="c106" decimals="0" id="ixv-45754" unitRef="usd">3306112</abvc:IssuanceOfCommonStockForConversionOfDebt>
    <abvc:IssuanceOfCommonStockForConversionOfDebt contextRef="c28" decimals="0" id="ixv-45755" unitRef="usd">-1519426</abvc:IssuanceOfCommonStockForConversionOfDebt>
    <abvc:IssuanceOfCommonStockForConversionOfDebt contextRef="c8" decimals="0" id="ixv-45756" unitRef="usd">1786686</abvc:IssuanceOfCommonStockForConversionOfDebt>
    <us-gaap:SignificantAccountingPoliciesTextBlock contextRef="c7" id="ixv-23868">&lt;p style="margin: 0"&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;3. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline"&gt;Basis of Presentation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The accompanying consolidated financial statements
have been prepared in accordance with the U.S. GAAP and pursuant to the regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the &#x201c;SEC&#x201d;).
All significant intercompany transactions and account balances have been eliminated. The Company&#x2019;s fiscal year is the calendar
year.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline"&gt;Reclassifications of Prior Year Presentation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Certain amounts on prior year&#x2019;s consolidated
financial statements have been reclassified for consistency with the current year presentation. These reclassifications had no effect
on the reported results of operations.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline"&gt;Use of Estimates&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The preparation of financial statements in
conformity with the U.S. GAAP that requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and
liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the amount of
revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results could differ materially from those results.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline"&gt;Stock Reverse Split&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;On July 25, 2023, the Company filed a Certificate
of Amendment to its Articles of Incorporation authorizing a 1-for-10 reverse stock split of the issued and outstanding shares of its
common stock. The Company&#x2019;s stockholders previously approved the Reverse Stock Split at the Company&#x2019;s Special Shareholder
Meeting held on July 7, 2023. The Reverse Stock Split was effected to reduce the number of issued and outstanding shares and to increase
the per share trading value of the Company&#x2019;s common stock, although that outcome is not guaranteed. All shares and related financial
information in this Form 10-K reflect this 1-for-10 reverse stock split.&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline"&gt;Fair Value Measurements&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;ASC 820 &#x201c;Fair Value Measurements&#x201d;
defines fair value for certain financial and nonfinancial assets and liabilities that are recorded at fair value, establishes a framework
for measuring fair value and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. It requires that an entity measure its financial instruments
to base fair value on exit price, maximize the use of observable units and minimize the use of unobservable inputs to determine the exit
price. It establishes a hierarchy which prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value. This hierarchy increases
the consistency and comparability of fair value measurements and related disclosures by maximizing the use of observable inputs and minimizing
the use of unobservable inputs by requiring that observable inputs be used when available. Observable inputs are inputs that reflect
the assumptions market participants would use in pricing the assets or liabilities based on market data obtained from sources independent
of the Company. Unobservable inputs are inputs that reflect the Company&#x2019;s own assumptions about the assumptions market participants
would use in pricing the asset or liability developed based on the best information available in the circumstances. The hierarchy prioritizes
the inputs into three broad levels based on the reliability of the inputs as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#x25cf;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Level 1&#x2013;&#160;Inputs
    are quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the Company has the ability to access at the measurement
    date. Valuation of these instruments does not require a high degree of judgment as the valuations are based on quoted prices in active
    markets that are readily and regularly available.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#x25cf;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Level 2&#x2013;&#160;Inputs
    other than quoted prices in active markets that are either directly or indirectly observable as of the measurement date, such as
    quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable
    or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#x25cf;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Level 3&#x2013;&#160;Valuations
    based on inputs that are unobservable and not corroborated by market data. The fair value for such assets and liabilities is generally
    determined using pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies, or similar techniques that incorporate the assumptions a market
    participant would use in pricing the asset or liability.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The carrying values of certain assets and
liabilities of the Company, such as cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivable, due from related parties, prepaid
expenses and other current assets, accrued expenses and other current liabilities, and due to related parties, approximate fair value
due to their relatively short maturities. The carrying value of the Company&#x2019;s short-term bank loans, convertible notes payable,
and accrued interest approximates their fair value as the terms of the borrowing are consistent with current market rates and the duration
to maturity is short.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline"&gt;Concentration of Credit Risk&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The Company&#x2019;s financial instruments
that are exposed to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents. The Company places its cash and temporary
cash investments in high quality credit institutions, but these investments may be in excess of the limit of $91,500 (NTD 3.0 million)
covered by Taiwan Central Deposit Insurance Corporation, and the limit of $250,000 covered by the U.S. Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation&#x2019;s
insurance limits. However, the Company does not anticipate any losses on excess deposits. The Company does not enter into financial instruments
for hedging, trading or speculative purposes.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The Company performs ongoing credit evaluation
of its customers and requires no collateral. Credit losses and allowance for unbilled receivables are provided based on a review of the
collectability of accounts receivable. The Company determines the amount of allowance for doubtful accounts by examining its historical
collection experience and current trends in the credit quality of its customers as well as its internal credit policies. Actual credit
losses may differ from our estimates.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline"&gt;Concentration of Clients&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;As of December 31, 2024, management estimated
all accounts receivable balances are uncollectible and recognized $11,993 of credit loss.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;As of December 31, 2023, the most major clients,
specializes in developing and commercializing of dietary supplements and therapeutics in dietary supplement industry, accounted for 87%
of the Company&#x2019;s total account receivable.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;For the year ended December 31, 2024, the
out-licensing income from our two major licensees, accounts for 58% and 39% of the Company&#x2019;s total revenues.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;For the year ended December 31, 2023, the
major client, distributing nutritional supplements in Asia Pacific, accounted for 80% of the Company&#x2019;s total revenues.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline"&gt;Cash and Cash Equivalents&lt;/span&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The Company considers highly liquid investments
with maturities of three months or less to be cash equivalents when purchased. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company&#x2019;s
cash and cash equivalents amounted to $248,382 and $60,155, respectively. Some&#160;of the Company&#x2019;s cash deposits are held in
financial institutions located in Taiwan where there is currently regulation mandated on obligatory insurance of bank accounts. The Company
believes this financial institution is of high credit quality.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline"&gt;Restricted Cash &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Restricted cash primarily consist of cash
held in a reserve bank account in Taiwan. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company&#x2019;s restricted cash amounted $615,433 (NTD
20.2 million) and $656,625 (NTD 20.1 million), respectively.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline"&gt;Accounts receivable and allowance for expected credit losses
accounts&lt;/span&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Accounts receivable is recorded and carried
at the original invoiced amount less an allowance for any potential uncollectible amounts.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The Company make estimates of expected credit
and collectability trends for the allowance for credit losses and allowance for unbilled receivables based upon our assessment of various
factors, including historical experience, the age of the accounts receivable balances, credit quality of customers, current economic
conditions reasonable and supportable forecasts of future economic conditions, and other factors that may affect our ability to collect
from customers. The provision is recorded against accounts receivable balances, with a corresponding charge recorded in the consolidated
statements of income. Actual amounts received may differ from management&#x2019;s estimate of credit worthiness and the economic environment.
Delinquent account balances are written-off against the allowance for doubtful accounts after management has determined that the likelihood
of collection is not probable.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Allowance for expected credit losses accounts
was $616,414 and $616,505 as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline"&gt;Revenue Recognition&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The Company recognizes revenue in accordance
with ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. Pursuant to ASC 606, the Company recognizes revenue when its customer obtains control
of promised goods or services, in an amount that reflects the consideration that the Company expects to receive in exchange for those
goods or services. To determine revenue recognition for arrangements that the Company determines is within the scope of ASC 606, the
Company performs the following five steps: (i) identify the contract(s) with a customer; (ii) identify the performance obligations in
the contract; (iii) determine the transaction price; (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract;
and (v) recognize revenue when (or as) the Company satisfies a performance obligation. The Company only applies the five-step model to
contracts when it is probable that the Company will collect the consideration the Company is entitled to in exchange for the goods or
services the Company transfers to the customers. At inception of the contract, once the contract is determined to be within the scope
of ASC 606, the Company assesses the goods or services promised within each contract, determines those that are performance obligations,
and assesses whether each promised good or service is distinct. The Company then recognizes as revenue the amount of the transaction
price that is allocated to the respective performance obligation when (or as) the performance obligation is satisfied.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The following are examples of when the Company
recognizes revenue based on the types of payments the Company receives.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Collaborative Revenues &#x2014; &lt;/b&gt;The
Company recognizes collaborative revenues generated through collaborative research, development and/or commercialization agreements.
The terms of these agreements typically include payment to the Company related to one or more of the following: non-refundable upfront
license fees, development and commercial milestones, partial or complete reimbursement of research and development costs, and royalties
on net sales of licensed products. Each type of payments results in collaborative revenues except for revenues from royalties on net
sales of licensed products, which are classified as royalty revenues. To date, the Company has not received any royalty revenues. Revenue
is recognized upon satisfaction of a performance obligation by transferring control of a good or service to the collaboration partners.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;As part of the accounting for these arrangements,
the Company applies judgment to determine whether the performance obligations are distinct, and develop assumptions in determining the
stand-alone selling price for each distinct performance obligation identified in the collaboration agreements. To determine the stand-alone
selling price, the Company relies on assumptions which may include forecasted revenues, development timelines, reimbursement rates for
R&amp;amp;D personnel costs, discount rates and probabilities of technical and regulatory success.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The Company had multiple deliverables under
the collaborative agreements, including deliverables relating to grants of technology licenses, regulatory and clinical development,
and marketing activities. Estimation of the performance periods of the Company&#x2019;s deliverables requires the use of management&#x2019;s
judgment. Significant factors considered in management&#x2019;s evaluation of the estimated performance periods include, but are not limited
to, the Company&#x2019;s experience in conducting clinical development, regulatory and manufacturing activities. The Company reviews the
estimated duration of its performance periods under its collaborative agreements on an annually basis, and makes any appropriate adjustments
on a prospective basis. Future changes in estimates of the performance period under its collaborative agreements could impact the timing
of future revenue recognition.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(i) Non-refundable upfront payments&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;If a license to the Company&#x2019;s intellectual
property is determined to be distinct from the other performance obligations identified in an arrangement, the Company recognizes revenue
from the related non-refundable upfront payments based on the relative standalone selling price prescribed to the license compared to
the total selling price of the arrangement. The revenue is recognized when the license is transferred to the collaboration partners and
the collaboration partners are able to use and benefit from the license. To date, the receipt of non-refundable upfront fees was solely
for the compensation of past research efforts and contributions made by the Company before the collaborative agreements entered into
and it does not relate to any future obligations and commitments made between the Company and the collaboration partners in the collaborative
agreements.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(ii) Milestone payments&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The Company is eligible to receive milestone
payments under the collaborative agreement with collaboration partners based on achievement of specified development, regulatory and
commercial events. Management evaluated the nature of the events triggering these contingent payments, and concluded that these events
fall into two categories: (a) events which involve the performance of the Company&#x2019;s obligations under the collaborative agreement
with collaboration partners, and (b) events which do not involve the performance of the Company&#x2019;s obligations under the collaborative
agreement with collaboration partners.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The former category of milestone payments
consists of those triggered by development and regulatory activities in the territories specified in the collaborative agreements. Management
concluded that each of these payments constitute substantive milestone payments. This conclusion was based primarily on the facts that
(i) each triggering event represents a specific outcome that can be achieved only through successful performance by the Company of one
or more of its deliverables, (ii) achievement of each triggering event was subject to inherent risk and uncertainty and would result
in additional payments becoming due to the Company, (iii) each of the milestone payments is non-refundable, (iv) substantial effort is
required to complete each milestone, (v) the amount of each milestone payment is reasonable in relation to the value created in achieving
the milestone, (vi) a substantial amount of time is expected to pass between the upfront payment and the potential milestone payments,
and (vii) the milestone payments relate solely to past performance. Based on the foregoing, the Company recognizes any revenue from these
milestone payments in the period in which the underlying triggering event occurs.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(iii) Multiple Element Arrangements&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The Company evaluates multiple element arrangements
to determine (1) the deliverables included in the arrangement and (2) whether the individual deliverables represent separate units of
accounting or whether they must be accounted for as a combined unit of accounting. This evaluation involves subjective determinations
and requires management to make judgments about the individual deliverables and whether such deliverables are separate from other aspects
of the contractual relationship. Deliverables are considered separate units of accounting provided that: (i) the delivered item(s) has
value to the customer on a standalone basis and (ii) if the arrangement includes a general right of return relative to the delivered
item(s), delivery or performance of the undelivered item(s) is considered probable and substantially within its control. In assessing
whether an item under a collaboration has standalone value, the Company considers factors such as the research, manufacturing, and commercialization
capabilities of the collaboration partner and the availability of the associated expertise in the general marketplace. The Company also
considers whether its collaboration partners can use the other deliverable(s) for their intended purpose without the receipt of the remaining
element(s), whether the value of the deliverable is dependent on the undelivered item(s), and whether there are other vendors that can
provide the undelivered element(s).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The Company recognizes arrangement consideration
allocated to each unit of accounting when all of the revenue recognition criteria in ASC 606 are satisfied for that particular unit of
accounting. In the event that a deliverable does not represent a separate unit of accounting, the Company recognizes revenue from the
combined unit of accounting over the Company&#x2019;s contractual or estimated performance period for the undelivered elements, which
is typically the term of the Company&#x2019;s research and development obligations. If there is no discernible pattern of performance
or objectively measurable performance measures do not exist, then the Company recognizes revenue under the arrangement on a straight-line
basis over the period the Company is expected to complete its performance obligations. Conversely, if the pattern of performance in which
the service is provided to the customer can be determined and objectively measurable performance measures exist, then the Company recognizes
revenue under the arrangement using the proportional performance method. Revenue recognized is limited to the lesser of the cumulative
amount of payments received or the cumulative amount of revenue earned, as determined using the straight-line method or proportional
performance method, as applicable, as of the period ending date.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;At the inception of an arrangement that includes
milestone payments, the Company evaluates whether each milestone is substantive and at risk to both parties on the basis of the contingent
nature of the milestone. This evaluation includes an assessment of whether: (1) the consideration is commensurate with either the Company&#x2019;s
performance to achieve the milestone or the enhancement of the value of the delivered item(s) as a result of a specific outcome resulting
from its performance to achieve the milestone, (2) the consideration relates solely to past performance and (3) the consideration is
reasonable relative to all of the deliverables and payment terms within the arrangement. The Company evaluates factors such as the scientific,
clinical, regulatory, commercial, and other risks that must be overcome to achieve the particular milestone and the level of effort and
investment required to achieve the particular milestone in making this assessment. There is considerable judgment involved in determining
whether a milestone satisfies all of the criteria required to conclude that a milestone is substantive. Milestones that are not considered
substantive are recognized as earned if there are no remaining performance obligations or over the remaining period of performance, assuming
all other revenue recognition criteria are met.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(iv) Royalties and Profit Sharing Payments&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Under the collaborative agreement with the
collaboration partners, the Company is entitled to receive royalties on sales of products, which is at certain percentage of the net
sales. The Company recognizes revenue from these events based on the revenue recognition criteria set forth in ASC 606. Based on those
criteria, the Company considers these payments to be contingent revenues, and recognizes them as revenue in the period in which the applicable
contingency is resolved.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Revenues Derived from Research and Development
Activities Services (Also known as the Contract Development &amp;amp; Manufacturing Organization Services (&#x201c;CDMO&#x201d;))&lt;/b&gt; &#x2014;
Revenues related to research and development and regulatory activities are recognized when the related services or activities are performed,
in accordance with the contract terms. The Company typically has only one performance obligation at the inception of a contract, which
is to perform research and development services. The Company may also provide its customers with an option to request that the Company
provides additional goods or services in the future, such as active pharmaceutical ingredient, API, or IND/NDA/ANDA/510K submissions.
The Company evaluates whether these options are material rights at the inception of the contract. If the Company determines an option
is a material right, the Company will consider the option a separate performance obligation.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;If the Company is entitled to reimbursement
from its customers for specified research and development expenses, the Company accounts for the related services that it provides as
separate performance obligations if it determines that these services represent a material right. The Company also determines whether
the reimbursement of research and development expenses should be accounted for as revenues or an offset to research and development expenses
in accordance with provisions of gross or net revenue presentation. The Company recognizes the corresponding revenues or records the
corresponding offset to research and development expenses as it satisfies the related performance obligations.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The Company then determines the transaction
price by reviewing the amount of consideration the Company is eligible to earn under the contracts, including any variable consideration.
Under the outstanding contracts, consideration typically includes fixed consideration and variable consideration in the form of potential
milestone payments. At the start of an agreement, the Company&#x2019;s transaction price usually consists of the payments made to or by
the Company based on the number of full-time equivalent researchers assigned to the project and the related research and development
expenses incurred. The Company does not typically include any payments that the Company may receive in the future in its initial transaction
price because the payments are not probable. The Company would reassess the total transaction price at each reporting period to determine
if the Company should include additional payments in the transaction price.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The Company receives payments from its customers
based on billing schedules established in each contract. Upfront payments and fees may be recorded as advance from customers upon receipt
or when due, and may require deferral of revenue recognition to a future period until the Company performs its obligations under these
arrangements. Amounts are recorded as accounts receivable when the right of the Company to consideration is unconditional. The Company
does not assess whether a contract has a significant financing component if the expectation at contract inception is such that the period
between payment by the customers and the transfer of the promised goods or services to the customers will be one year or less.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline"&gt;Property and Equipment, net&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#160;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Property and equipment, net is carried at
cost net of accumulated depreciation. Repairs and maintenance are expensed as incurred. Expenditures that improve the functionality of
the related asset or extend the useful life are capitalized. When property and equipment is retired or otherwise disposed of, the related
gain or loss is included in operating income. Leasehold improvements are depreciated on the straight-line method over the shorter of
the remaining lease term or estimated useful life of the asset. Depreciation is calculated on the straight-line method generally based
on the following useful lives:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: justify; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Estimated&#160;Life&lt;br/&gt; in Years&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 91%; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Buildings and leasehold improvements&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 8%; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;5 ~ 50&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Machinery and equipment&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;5 ~ 10&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Office equipment&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;3 ~ 6&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline"&gt;Impairment of Long-Lived Assets&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The Company has adopted ASC subtopic 360-10,
Property, Plant and Equipment (&#x201c;ASC 360-10&#x201d;). ASC 360-10 requires that long-lived assets and certain identifiable intangibles
held and used by the Company be reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount
of an asset may not be recoverable. The Company evaluates its long-lived assets for impairment annually or more often if events and circumstances
warrant. Events relating to recoverability may include significant unfavorable changes in business conditions, recurring losses, or a
forecasted inability to achieve break-even operating results over an extended period. Should impairment in value be indicated, the carrying
value of intangible assets will be adjusted, based on estimates of future discounted cash flows resulting from the use and ultimate disposition
of the asset. ASC 360-10 also requires assets to be disposed of be reported at the lower of the carrying amount or the fair value less
costs to sell.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline"&gt;Long-term Equity Investment&lt;/span&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The Company acquires the equity investments
to promote business and strategic objectives. The accounting treatment for equity investments, where the Company does not have control
over the investees, is as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#x25cf;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 10pt"&gt;Marketable equity investments: The Company measures marketable equity
    securities at fair value at each reporting date, with unrealized gains and losses recognized in net income in accordance with &lt;span style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal"&gt;ASC
    321. Fair value is&lt;/span&gt; determined based on quoted market prices or other observable inputs.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#x25cf;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Non-marketable equity
    investments: When the equity method does not apply, non-marketable equity investments are accounted for at cost, adjusted for observable
    price changes in orderly transactions for identical or similar investments and for impairments, if applicable.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#x25cf;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Equity method investments:
    Investments in which the Company has the ability to exercise significant influence, but not control, over the investee, are accounted
    for using the equity method. The Company recognizes its proportionate share of the investee&#x2019;s income or loss in gains (losses)
    on equity investments on a monthly basis.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Significant judgment is required to identify
whether an impairment exists in the valuation of the Company&#x2019;s non-marketable equity investments, considering this a critical accounting
estimate. Its yearly analysis considers both qualitative and quantitative factors that may have a significant impact on the investee&#x2019;s
fair value. Qualitative analysis of its investments involves understanding the financial performance and near-term prospects of the investee,
changes in general market conditions in the investee&#x2019;s industry or geographic area, and the management and governance structure
of the investee. Quantitative assessments of the fair value of its investments are developed using the market and income approaches.
The market approach includes the use of comparable financial metrics of private and public companies and recent financing rounds. The
income approach includes the use of a discounted cash flow model, which requires significant estimates regarding the investees&#x2019;
revenue, costs, and discount rates. The Company&#x2019;s assessment of these factors in determining whether an impairment exists could
change in the future due to new developments or changes in applied assumptions.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline"&gt;Other-Than-Temporary Impairment&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The Company periodically reviews its non-marketable
equity investments and equity method investments, with recognition in profit and loss when declines in value are considered other than
temporary. the Company assesses the severity and duration of any impairment, along with qualitative and quantitative factors, such as
the investee&#x2019;s financial performance, adverse market or regulatory conditions, operational changes, or additional funding needs.
Evidence of a loss in value might include the inability to recover the carrying amount of the investment or the investee&#x2019;s failure
to sustain earnings capacity to justify its valuation. Impairments deemed other than temporary are recorded in gains (losses) on equity
investments, even if the decline exceeds the losses recognized under the equity method, where applicable.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline"&gt;Convertible Notes Payable&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The Company accounts for convertible notes
payable in accordance with ASC 470-20, Debt with Conversion and Other Options, and ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging, as applicable. Upon
issuance, the Company evaluates whether the embedded conversion feature should be bifurcated as a derivative under ASC 815 or classified
within equity under ASC 470-20. This assessment includes analyzing the terms of the conversion feature and determining if it requires
separate accounting. If the conversion feature is classified as equity, the proceeds from the issuance are allocated between the debt
and equity components. The debt component is recorded at its fair value, and the residual amount is allocated to equity. The debt component
is carried at amortized cost, with any discount amortized to interest expense over the term of the note using the effective interest
method. Upon conversion, the carrying amount of the debt is reclassified to equity, and no gain or loss is recognized. If the note is
settled in cash, any difference between the carrying amount and the settlement amount is recognized in profit and loss.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline"&gt;Warrants&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The Company accounts for warrants as either
equity-classified or liability-classified instruments based on an assessment of the warrant&#x2019;s specific terms and applicable authoritative
guidance in ASC 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity (&#x201c;ASC 480&#x201d;) and ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging (&#x201c;ASC
815&#x201d;). The assessment considers whether the warrants are freestanding financial instruments pursuant to ASC 480, meet the definition
of a liability pursuant to ASC 480, and whether the warrants meet all of the requirements for equity classification under ASC 815, including
whether the warrants are indexed to the Company&#x2019;s own common shares and whether the warrant holders could potentially require &#x201c;net
cash settlement&#x201d; in a circumstance outside of the Company&#x2019;s control, among other conditions for equity classification. This
assessment, which requires the use of professional judgment, is conducted at the time of warrant issuance and as of each subsequent quarterly
period end date while the warrants are outstanding. The Company determined that upon further review of the warrant agreement, the Public
Warrants issued pursuant to the warrant agreement qualify for equity accounting treatment.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;For issued or modified warrants that meet
all of the criteria for equity classification, the warrants are required to be recorded as a component of equity at the time of issuance.
For issued or modified warrants that do not meet all the criteria for equity classification, the warrants are required to be recorded
as liabilities at their initial fair value on the date of issuance, and each balance sheet date thereafter. Changes in the estimated
fair value of the warrants are recognized as a non-cash gain or loss on the statements of operations.&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline"&gt;Research and Development Expenses&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The Company accounts for the cost of using
licensing rights in research and development cost according to ASC 730-10-25-1. This guidance provides that absent alternative future
uses the acquisition of product rights to be used in research and development activities must be charged to research and development
expenses when incurred.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The Company accounts for R&amp;amp;D costs in
accordance with ASC 730, Research and Development (&#x201c;ASC 730&#x201d;). Research and development expenses are charged to expense as
incurred unless there is an alternative future use in other research and development projects or otherwise. Research and development
expenses are comprised of costs incurred in performing research and development activities, including personnel-related costs, facilities-related
overhead, and outside contracted services including clinical trial costs, manufacturing and process development costs for both clinical
and preclinical materials, research costs, and other consulting services. Non-refundable advance payment for goods and services that
will be used in future research and development activities are expensed when the activity has been performed or when the goods have been
received rather than when the payment is made. In instances where the Company enters into agreements with third parties to provide research
and development services, costs are expensed as services are performed.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline"&gt;Post-retirement and post-employment benefits&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#160;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The Company&#x2019;s subsidiaries in Taiwan
adopted the government mandated defined contribution plan pursuant to the Labor Pension Act (the &#x201c;Act&#x201d;) in Taiwan. Such labor
regulations require that the rate of contribution made by an employer to the Labor Pension Fund per month shall not be less than 6% of
the worker&#x2019;s monthly salaries. Pursuant to the Act, the Company makes monthly contribution equal to 6% of employees&#x2019; salaries
to the employees&#x2019; pension fund. The Company has no legal obligation for the benefits beyond the contributions made. The total amounts
for such employee benefits, which were expensed as incurred, were $11,642 (NTD 0.4 million) and $10,314&#160;(NTD 0.4 million) for the
years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Other than the above, the Company does not provide any other post-retirement or
post-employment benefits.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline"&gt;Stock-based Compensation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The Company measures expense associated with
all employee stock-based compensation awards using a fair value method and recognizes such expense in the consolidated financial statements
on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period in accordance with ASC 718 &#x201c;Compensation-Stock Compensation&#x201d;.
Total director, officer, and employee stock-based compensation expenses were $1,995,049 and $0 for the years ended December 31, 2024
and 2023, respectively.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The Company accounted for stock-based compensation
to non-employees in accordance with ASC 718 &#x201c;Compensation-Stock Compensation&#x201d; and ASC 505-50 &#x201c;Equity-Based Payments
to Non-Employees&#x201d; which requires that the cost of services received from non-employees is measured at fair value at the earlier
of the performance commitment date or the date service is completed and recognized over the period the service is provided. Total non-employee
stock-based compensation expenses were $506,583 for consulting services and $271,828 for rent for the year ended December 31, 2024, and
$185,933&#160;for consulting services for the year ended December 31, 2023.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline"&gt;Income Taxes&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 40.2pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The Company accounts for income taxes using
the asset and liability approach which allows the recognition and measurement of deferred tax assets to be based upon the likelihood
of realization of tax benefits in future years. Under the asset and liability approach, deferred taxes are provided for the net tax effects
of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used
for income tax purposes. A valuation allowance is provided for deferred tax assets if it is more likely than not these items will expire
before the Company is able to realize their benefits, or future deductibility is uncertain.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Under ASC 740, a tax position is recognized
as a benefit only if it is &#x201c;more likely than not&#x201d; that the tax position would be sustained in a tax examination, with a tax
examination being presumed to occur. The evaluation of a tax position is a two-step process. The first step is to determine whether it
is more-likely-than-not that a tax position will be sustained upon examination, including the resolution of any related appeals or litigations
based on the technical merits of that position. The second step is to measure a tax position that meets the more-likely-than-not threshold
to determine the amount of benefits recognized in the financial statements. A tax position is measured at the largest amount of benefit
that is greater than 50 percent likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement. Tax positions that previously failed to meet the more-likely-than-not
recognition threshold should be recognized in the first subsequent period in which the threshold is met. Previously recognized tax positions
that no longer meet the more-likely-than-not criteria should be de-recognized in the first subsequent financial reporting period in which
the threshold is no longer satisfied. Penalties and interest incurred related to underpayment of income tax are classified as income
tax expense in the year incurred. No significant penalty or interest relating to income taxes has been incurred for the years ended December
31, 2024 and 2023. GAAP also provides guidance on de-recognition, classification, interest and penalties, accounting in interim periods,
disclosures and transition.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline"&gt;Valuation of Deferred Tax Assets&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;A valuation allowance is recorded to reduce
the Company&#x2019;s deferred tax assets to the amount that is more likely than not to be realized. In assessing the need for the valuation
allowance, management considers, among other things, projections of future taxable income and ongoing prudent and feasible tax planning
strategies. If the Company determines that sufficient negative evidence exists, then it will consider recording a valuation allowance
against a portion or all of the deferred tax assets in that jurisdiction. If, after recording a valuation allowance, the Company&#x2019;s
projections of future taxable income and other positive evidence considered in evaluating the need for a valuation allowance prove, with
the benefit of hindsight, to be inaccurate, it could prove to be more difficult to support the realization of its deferred tax assets.
As a result, an additional valuation allowance could be required, which would have an adverse impact on its effective income tax rate
and results. Conversely, if, after recording a valuation allowance, the Company determines that sufficient positive evidence exists in
the jurisdiction in which the valuation allowance was recorded, it may reverse a portion or all of the valuation allowance in that jurisdiction.
In such situations, the adjustment made to the deferred tax asset would have a favorable impact on its effective income tax rate and
results in the period such determination was made.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline"&gt;Loss Per Share of Common Stock&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The Company calculates net loss per share
in accordance with ASC 260, &#x201c;Earnings per Share&#x201d;. Basic loss per share is computed by dividing the net loss by the weighted
average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted loss per share is computed similar to basic loss per share except
that the denominator is increased to include the number of additional common shares that would have been outstanding if the potential
common stock equivalents had been issued and if the additional common shares were dilutive. Diluted earnings per share excludes all dilutive
potential shares if their effect is anti-dilutive.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline"&gt;Commitments and Contingencies&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The Company has adopted ASC 450 &#x201c;Contingencies&#x201d;
subtopic 20, in determining its accruals and disclosures with respect to loss contingencies. Accordingly, estimated losses from loss
contingencies are accrued by a charge to income when information available before financial statements are issued or are available to
be issued indicates that it is probable that an asset had been impaired or a liability had been incurred at the date of the financial
statements and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. Legal expenses associated with the contingency are expensed as incurred.
If a loss contingency is not probable or reasonably estimable, disclosure of the loss contingency is made in the financial statements
when it is at least reasonably possible that a material loss could be incurred.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline"&gt;Foreign-currency Transactions&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;For the Company&#x2019;s subsidiaries in Taiwan,
the foreign-currency transactions are recorded in New Taiwan Dollars (&#x201c;NTD&#x201d;) at the rates of exchange in effect when the
transactions occur. Gains or losses resulting from the application of different foreign exchange rates when cash in foreign currency
is converted into NTD, or when foreign-currency receivables or payables are settled, are credited or charged to income in the year of
conversion or settlement. On the balance sheet dates, the balances of foreign-currency assets and liabilities are restated at the prevailing
exchange rates and the resulting differences are charged to current income except for those foreign currencies denominated investments
in shares of stock where such differences are accounted for as translation adjustments under the Statements of Changes in Stockholders&#x2019;
Equity.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline"&gt;Segment Reporting&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;ASC 280 &#x201c;Segment Reporting&#x201d; requires
public companies to report financial and descriptive information about their reportable operating segments. The Company identifies the
operating segments based on how the chief operating decision maker internally evaluates separate financial information, business activities
and management responsibility.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The Company currently has&#160;one&#160;reportable
segment and assets are reviewed on a consolidated basis. As such, segment data is not provided.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The following tables present revenue and gross
profit information for each of our only reportable segment:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 12pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;For The Years Ended&lt;br/&gt;
    December 31&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 12pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2023 (Restated)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 76%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Revenue&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;509,589&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;152,430&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Cost of Revenue&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;763&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;302,037&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 4pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Segment Gross Profit (Loss)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;508,826&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(149,607&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 12pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 12pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 12pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Depreciation expense&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;32,025&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;28,531&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;


&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The following table provides a reconciliation
of total segment gross profit to the Company&#x2019;s loss before provision for income tax:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 12pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;For The Years Ended&lt;br/&gt;
    December 31&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 12pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2023 (Restated)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 76%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Segment Gross Profit (Loss)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;508,826&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(149,607&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Less:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 12pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 12pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Selling, general and administrative expenses&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2,261,336&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;5,368,278&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Research and development expenses&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;179,272&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;1,062,916&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Stock-based compensation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2,773,460&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;185,933&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Add (Less):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 12pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 12pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Interest income&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;87,358&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;185,481&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Interest expense&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(825,899&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(1,313,671&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Operating sublease income&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;48,478&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;65,900&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Gain (loss) on foreign exchange changes&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(25,135&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;22,690&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Loss on investment in equity securities&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(339,171&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(221,888&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Write off unclaimed accrued liabilities&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;255,592&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-263"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Other income, net&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;134,443&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;3,384&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Loss before provision for income tax&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(5,369,576&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(8,024,838&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;


&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline"&gt;Recent Accounting Pronouncements&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;In August 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-05,
Business Combinations&#x2014;Joint Venture Formations (Subtopic 805-60) which requires certain joint ventures to apply a new basis of
accounting upon formation by recognizing and initially measuring most of their assets and liabilities at fair value. The guidance does
not apply to joint ventures that may be proportionately consolidated and those that are collaborative arrangements. ASU 2023-05 is effective
for joint venture with a formation date on or after January 1, 2025, early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating
the impact that the standard will have on its unaudited consolidated financial statements.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No.
2023-09, Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures (Topic 740). The ASU requires disaggregated information about a reporting entity&#x2019;s
effective tax rate reconciliation as well as additional information on income taxes paid. The ASU is effective on a prospective basis
for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is also permitted for annual financial statements that have not
yet been issued or made available for issuance. This ASU will likely result in the required additional disclosures being included in
our consolidated financial statements once adopted.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU No.
2024-03, Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40). The ASU requires disclosure of specified information about certain costs
and expenses. This includes purchases of inventory, employee compensation, depreciation, and intangible asset amortization.&#160; The
ASU is effective on a prospective or retrospective basis for annual reporting period beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim reporting
period beginning after December 15, 2027. Early adoption is permitted. This ASU will likely result in the required additional disclosures
being included in our consolidated financial statements once adopted.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:SignificantAccountingPoliciesTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:BasisOfAccountingPolicyPolicyTextBlock contextRef="c7" id="ixv-23873">&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline"&gt;Basis of Presentation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The accompanying consolidated financial statements
have been prepared in accordance with the U.S. GAAP and pursuant to the regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the &#x201c;SEC&#x201d;).
All significant intercompany transactions and account balances have been eliminated. The Company&#x2019;s fiscal year is the calendar
year.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:BasisOfAccountingPolicyPolicyTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:PriorPeriodReclassificationAdjustmentDescription contextRef="c7" id="ixv-23883">&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline"&gt;Reclassifications of Prior Year Presentation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Certain amounts on prior year&#x2019;s consolidated
financial statements have been reclassified for consistency with the current year presentation. These reclassifications had no effect
on the reported results of operations.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:PriorPeriodReclassificationAdjustmentDescription>
    <us-gaap:UseOfEstimates contextRef="c7" id="ixv-23893">&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline"&gt;Use of Estimates&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The preparation of financial statements in
conformity with the U.S. GAAP that requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and
liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the amount of
revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results could differ materially from those results.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:UseOfEstimates>
    <abvc:StockReverseSplitPolicyTextBlock contextRef="c7" id="ixv-23903">&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline"&gt;Stock Reverse Split&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;On July 25, 2023, the Company filed a Certificate
of Amendment to its Articles of Incorporation authorizing a 1-for-10 reverse stock split of the issued and outstanding shares of its
common stock. The Company&#x2019;s stockholders previously approved the Reverse Stock Split at the Company&#x2019;s Special Shareholder
Meeting held on July 7, 2023. The Reverse Stock Split was effected to reduce the number of issued and outstanding shares and to increase
the per share trading value of the Company&#x2019;s common stock, although that outcome is not guaranteed. All shares and related financial
information in this Form 10-K reflect this 1-for-10 reverse stock split.&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</abvc:StockReverseSplitPolicyTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementPolicyPolicyTextBlock contextRef="c7" id="ixv-23913">&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline"&gt;Fair Value Measurements&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;ASC 820 &#x201c;Fair Value Measurements&#x201d;
defines fair value for certain financial and nonfinancial assets and liabilities that are recorded at fair value, establishes a framework
for measuring fair value and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. It requires that an entity measure its financial instruments
to base fair value on exit price, maximize the use of observable units and minimize the use of unobservable inputs to determine the exit
price. It establishes a hierarchy which prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value. This hierarchy increases
the consistency and comparability of fair value measurements and related disclosures by maximizing the use of observable inputs and minimizing
the use of unobservable inputs by requiring that observable inputs be used when available. Observable inputs are inputs that reflect
the assumptions market participants would use in pricing the assets or liabilities based on market data obtained from sources independent
of the Company. Unobservable inputs are inputs that reflect the Company&#x2019;s own assumptions about the assumptions market participants
would use in pricing the asset or liability developed based on the best information available in the circumstances. The hierarchy prioritizes
the inputs into three broad levels based on the reliability of the inputs as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#x25cf;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Level 1&#x2013;&#160;Inputs
    are quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the Company has the ability to access at the measurement
    date. Valuation of these instruments does not require a high degree of judgment as the valuations are based on quoted prices in active
    markets that are readily and regularly available.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#x25cf;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Level 2&#x2013;&#160;Inputs
    other than quoted prices in active markets that are either directly or indirectly observable as of the measurement date, such as
    quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable
    or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#x25cf;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Level 3&#x2013;&#160;Valuations
    based on inputs that are unobservable and not corroborated by market data. The fair value for such assets and liabilities is generally
    determined using pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies, or similar techniques that incorporate the assumptions a market
    participant would use in pricing the asset or liability.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The carrying values of certain assets and
liabilities of the Company, such as cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivable, due from related parties, prepaid
expenses and other current assets, accrued expenses and other current liabilities, and due to related parties, approximate fair value
due to their relatively short maturities. The carrying value of the Company&#x2019;s short-term bank loans, convertible notes payable,
and accrued interest approximates their fair value as the terms of the borrowing are consistent with current market rates and the duration
to maturity is short.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementPolicyPolicyTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskCreditRisk contextRef="c7" id="ixv-23977">&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline"&gt;Concentration of Credit Risk&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The Company&#x2019;s financial instruments
that are exposed to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents. The Company places its cash and temporary
cash investments in high quality credit institutions, but these investments may be in excess of the limit of $91,500 (NTD 3.0 million)
covered by Taiwan Central Deposit Insurance Corporation, and the limit of $250,000 covered by the U.S. Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation&#x2019;s
insurance limits. However, the Company does not anticipate any losses on excess deposits. The Company does not enter into financial instruments
for hedging, trading or speculative purposes.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The Company performs ongoing credit evaluation
of its customers and requires no collateral. Credit losses and allowance for unbilled receivables are provided based on a review of the
collectability of accounts receivable. The Company determines the amount of allowance for doubtful accounts by examining its historical
collection experience and current trends in the credit quality of its customers as well as its internal credit policies. Actual credit
losses may differ from our estimates.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskCreditRisk>
    <us-gaap:InvestmentCompanyExcessExpenseReimbursable contextRef="c107" decimals="0" id="ixv-45757" unitRef="usd">91500</us-gaap:InvestmentCompanyExcessExpenseReimbursable>
    <us-gaap:InvestmentCompanyExcessExpenseReimbursable
      contextRef="c107"
      decimals="-5"
      id="ixv-45758"
      unitRef="twd">3000000</us-gaap:InvestmentCompanyExcessExpenseReimbursable>
    <us-gaap:InvestmentCompanyExcessExpenseReimbursable contextRef="c108" decimals="0" id="ixv-45759" unitRef="usd">250000</us-gaap:InvestmentCompanyExcessExpenseReimbursable>
    <abvc:ConcentrationOfClientsPolicyTextBlock contextRef="c7" id="ixv-23992">&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline"&gt;Concentration of Clients&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;As of December 31, 2024, management estimated
all accounts receivable balances are uncollectible and recognized $11,993 of credit loss.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;As of December 31, 2023, the most major clients,
specializes in developing and commercializing of dietary supplements and therapeutics in dietary supplement industry, accounted for 87%
of the Company&#x2019;s total account receivable.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;For the year ended December 31, 2024, the
out-licensing income from our two major licensees, accounts for 58% and 39% of the Company&#x2019;s total revenues.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;For the year ended December 31, 2023, the
major client, distributing nutritional supplements in Asia Pacific, accounted for 80% of the Company&#x2019;s total revenues.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</abvc:ConcentrationOfClientsPolicyTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:ProvisionForDoubtfulAccounts contextRef="c7" decimals="0" id="ixv-45760" unitRef="usd">11993</us-gaap:ProvisionForDoubtfulAccounts>
    <us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskPercentage1
      contextRef="c109"
      decimals="2"
      id="ixv-45761"
      unitRef="pure">0.87</us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskPercentage1>
    <us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskPercentage1
      contextRef="c110"
      decimals="2"
      id="ixv-45762"
      unitRef="pure">0.58</us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskPercentage1>
    <us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskPercentage1
      contextRef="c111"
      decimals="2"
      id="ixv-45763"
      unitRef="pure">0.39</us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskPercentage1>
    <us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskPercentage1
      contextRef="c112"
      decimals="2"
      id="ixv-45764"
      unitRef="pure">0.80</us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskPercentage1>
    <us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsPolicyTextBlock contextRef="c7" id="ixv-24017">&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline"&gt;Cash and Cash Equivalents&lt;/span&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The Company considers highly liquid investments
with maturities of three months or less to be cash equivalents when purchased. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company&#x2019;s
cash and cash equivalents amounted to $248,382 and $60,155, respectively. Some&#160;of the Company&#x2019;s cash deposits are held in
financial institutions located in Taiwan where there is currently regulation mandated on obligatory insurance of bank accounts. The Company
believes this financial institution is of high credit quality.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsPolicyTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue contextRef="c1" decimals="0" id="ixv-45765" unitRef="usd">248382</us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue>
    <us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue contextRef="c2" decimals="0" id="ixv-45766" unitRef="usd">60155</us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue>
    <us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsPolicy contextRef="c7" id="ixv-24043">&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline"&gt;Restricted Cash &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Restricted cash primarily consist of cash
held in a reserve bank account in Taiwan. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company&#x2019;s restricted cash amounted $615,433 (NTD
20.2 million) and $656,625 (NTD 20.1 million), respectively.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsPolicy>
    <us-gaap:RestrictedCashCurrent contextRef="c1" decimals="0" id="ixv-45767" unitRef="usd">615433</us-gaap:RestrictedCashCurrent>
    <us-gaap:RestrictedCashCurrent contextRef="c1" decimals="-5" id="ixv-45768" unitRef="twd">20200000</us-gaap:RestrictedCashCurrent>
    <us-gaap:RestrictedCashCurrent contextRef="c2" decimals="0" id="ixv-45769" unitRef="usd">656625</us-gaap:RestrictedCashCurrent>
    <us-gaap:RestrictedCashCurrent contextRef="c2" decimals="-5" id="ixv-45770" unitRef="twd">20100000</us-gaap:RestrictedCashCurrent>
    <us-gaap:TradeAndOtherAccountsReceivablePolicy contextRef="c7" id="ixv-24053">&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline"&gt;Accounts receivable and allowance for expected credit losses
accounts&lt;/span&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Accounts receivable is recorded and carried
at the original invoiced amount less an allowance for any potential uncollectible amounts.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The Company make estimates of expected credit
and collectability trends for the allowance for credit losses and allowance for unbilled receivables based upon our assessment of various
factors, including historical experience, the age of the accounts receivable balances, credit quality of customers, current economic
conditions reasonable and supportable forecasts of future economic conditions, and other factors that may affect our ability to collect
from customers. The provision is recorded against accounts receivable balances, with a corresponding charge recorded in the consolidated
statements of income. Actual amounts received may differ from management&#x2019;s estimate of credit worthiness and the economic environment.
Delinquent account balances are written-off against the allowance for doubtful accounts after management has determined that the likelihood
of collection is not probable.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Allowance for expected credit losses accounts
was $616,414 and $616,505 as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:TradeAndOtherAccountsReceivablePolicy>
    <us-gaap:AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivable contextRef="c1" decimals="0" id="ixv-45771" unitRef="usd">616414</us-gaap:AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivable>
    <us-gaap:AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivable contextRef="c2" decimals="0" id="ixv-45772" unitRef="usd">616505</us-gaap:AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivable>
    <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerPolicyTextBlock contextRef="c7" id="ixv-24073">&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline"&gt;Revenue Recognition&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The Company recognizes revenue in accordance
with ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. Pursuant to ASC 606, the Company recognizes revenue when its customer obtains control
of promised goods or services, in an amount that reflects the consideration that the Company expects to receive in exchange for those
goods or services. To determine revenue recognition for arrangements that the Company determines is within the scope of ASC 606, the
Company performs the following five steps: (i) identify the contract(s) with a customer; (ii) identify the performance obligations in
the contract; (iii) determine the transaction price; (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract;
and (v) recognize revenue when (or as) the Company satisfies a performance obligation. The Company only applies the five-step model to
contracts when it is probable that the Company will collect the consideration the Company is entitled to in exchange for the goods or
services the Company transfers to the customers. At inception of the contract, once the contract is determined to be within the scope
of ASC 606, the Company assesses the goods or services promised within each contract, determines those that are performance obligations,
and assesses whether each promised good or service is distinct. The Company then recognizes as revenue the amount of the transaction
price that is allocated to the respective performance obligation when (or as) the performance obligation is satisfied.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The following are examples of when the Company
recognizes revenue based on the types of payments the Company receives.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Collaborative Revenues &#x2014; &lt;/b&gt;The
Company recognizes collaborative revenues generated through collaborative research, development and/or commercialization agreements.
The terms of these agreements typically include payment to the Company related to one or more of the following: non-refundable upfront
license fees, development and commercial milestones, partial or complete reimbursement of research and development costs, and royalties
on net sales of licensed products. Each type of payments results in collaborative revenues except for revenues from royalties on net
sales of licensed products, which are classified as royalty revenues. To date, the Company has not received any royalty revenues. Revenue
is recognized upon satisfaction of a performance obligation by transferring control of a good or service to the collaboration partners.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;As part of the accounting for these arrangements,
the Company applies judgment to determine whether the performance obligations are distinct, and develop assumptions in determining the
stand-alone selling price for each distinct performance obligation identified in the collaboration agreements. To determine the stand-alone
selling price, the Company relies on assumptions which may include forecasted revenues, development timelines, reimbursement rates for
R&amp;amp;D personnel costs, discount rates and probabilities of technical and regulatory success.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The Company had multiple deliverables under
the collaborative agreements, including deliverables relating to grants of technology licenses, regulatory and clinical development,
and marketing activities. Estimation of the performance periods of the Company&#x2019;s deliverables requires the use of management&#x2019;s
judgment. Significant factors considered in management&#x2019;s evaluation of the estimated performance periods include, but are not limited
to, the Company&#x2019;s experience in conducting clinical development, regulatory and manufacturing activities. The Company reviews the
estimated duration of its performance periods under its collaborative agreements on an annually basis, and makes any appropriate adjustments
on a prospective basis. Future changes in estimates of the performance period under its collaborative agreements could impact the timing
of future revenue recognition.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(i) Non-refundable upfront payments&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;If a license to the Company&#x2019;s intellectual
property is determined to be distinct from the other performance obligations identified in an arrangement, the Company recognizes revenue
from the related non-refundable upfront payments based on the relative standalone selling price prescribed to the license compared to
the total selling price of the arrangement. The revenue is recognized when the license is transferred to the collaboration partners and
the collaboration partners are able to use and benefit from the license. To date, the receipt of non-refundable upfront fees was solely
for the compensation of past research efforts and contributions made by the Company before the collaborative agreements entered into
and it does not relate to any future obligations and commitments made between the Company and the collaboration partners in the collaborative
agreements.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(ii) Milestone payments&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The Company is eligible to receive milestone
payments under the collaborative agreement with collaboration partners based on achievement of specified development, regulatory and
commercial events. Management evaluated the nature of the events triggering these contingent payments, and concluded that these events
fall into two categories: (a) events which involve the performance of the Company&#x2019;s obligations under the collaborative agreement
with collaboration partners, and (b) events which do not involve the performance of the Company&#x2019;s obligations under the collaborative
agreement with collaboration partners.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The former category of milestone payments
consists of those triggered by development and regulatory activities in the territories specified in the collaborative agreements. Management
concluded that each of these payments constitute substantive milestone payments. This conclusion was based primarily on the facts that
(i) each triggering event represents a specific outcome that can be achieved only through successful performance by the Company of one
or more of its deliverables, (ii) achievement of each triggering event was subject to inherent risk and uncertainty and would result
in additional payments becoming due to the Company, (iii) each of the milestone payments is non-refundable, (iv) substantial effort is
required to complete each milestone, (v) the amount of each milestone payment is reasonable in relation to the value created in achieving
the milestone, (vi) a substantial amount of time is expected to pass between the upfront payment and the potential milestone payments,
and (vii) the milestone payments relate solely to past performance. Based on the foregoing, the Company recognizes any revenue from these
milestone payments in the period in which the underlying triggering event occurs.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(iii) Multiple Element Arrangements&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The Company evaluates multiple element arrangements
to determine (1) the deliverables included in the arrangement and (2) whether the individual deliverables represent separate units of
accounting or whether they must be accounted for as a combined unit of accounting. This evaluation involves subjective determinations
and requires management to make judgments about the individual deliverables and whether such deliverables are separate from other aspects
of the contractual relationship. Deliverables are considered separate units of accounting provided that: (i) the delivered item(s) has
value to the customer on a standalone basis and (ii) if the arrangement includes a general right of return relative to the delivered
item(s), delivery or performance of the undelivered item(s) is considered probable and substantially within its control. In assessing
whether an item under a collaboration has standalone value, the Company considers factors such as the research, manufacturing, and commercialization
capabilities of the collaboration partner and the availability of the associated expertise in the general marketplace. The Company also
considers whether its collaboration partners can use the other deliverable(s) for their intended purpose without the receipt of the remaining
element(s), whether the value of the deliverable is dependent on the undelivered item(s), and whether there are other vendors that can
provide the undelivered element(s).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The Company recognizes arrangement consideration
allocated to each unit of accounting when all of the revenue recognition criteria in ASC 606 are satisfied for that particular unit of
accounting. In the event that a deliverable does not represent a separate unit of accounting, the Company recognizes revenue from the
combined unit of accounting over the Company&#x2019;s contractual or estimated performance period for the undelivered elements, which
is typically the term of the Company&#x2019;s research and development obligations. If there is no discernible pattern of performance
or objectively measurable performance measures do not exist, then the Company recognizes revenue under the arrangement on a straight-line
basis over the period the Company is expected to complete its performance obligations. Conversely, if the pattern of performance in which
the service is provided to the customer can be determined and objectively measurable performance measures exist, then the Company recognizes
revenue under the arrangement using the proportional performance method. Revenue recognized is limited to the lesser of the cumulative
amount of payments received or the cumulative amount of revenue earned, as determined using the straight-line method or proportional
performance method, as applicable, as of the period ending date.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;At the inception of an arrangement that includes
milestone payments, the Company evaluates whether each milestone is substantive and at risk to both parties on the basis of the contingent
nature of the milestone. This evaluation includes an assessment of whether: (1) the consideration is commensurate with either the Company&#x2019;s
performance to achieve the milestone or the enhancement of the value of the delivered item(s) as a result of a specific outcome resulting
from its performance to achieve the milestone, (2) the consideration relates solely to past performance and (3) the consideration is
reasonable relative to all of the deliverables and payment terms within the arrangement. The Company evaluates factors such as the scientific,
clinical, regulatory, commercial, and other risks that must be overcome to achieve the particular milestone and the level of effort and
investment required to achieve the particular milestone in making this assessment. There is considerable judgment involved in determining
whether a milestone satisfies all of the criteria required to conclude that a milestone is substantive. Milestones that are not considered
substantive are recognized as earned if there are no remaining performance obligations or over the remaining period of performance, assuming
all other revenue recognition criteria are met.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(iv) Royalties and Profit Sharing Payments&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Under the collaborative agreement with the
collaboration partners, the Company is entitled to receive royalties on sales of products, which is at certain percentage of the net
sales. The Company recognizes revenue from these events based on the revenue recognition criteria set forth in ASC 606. Based on those
criteria, the Company considers these payments to be contingent revenues, and recognizes them as revenue in the period in which the applicable
contingency is resolved.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Revenues Derived from Research and Development
Activities Services (Also known as the Contract Development &amp;amp; Manufacturing Organization Services (&#x201c;CDMO&#x201d;))&lt;/b&gt; &#x2014;
Revenues related to research and development and regulatory activities are recognized when the related services or activities are performed,
in accordance with the contract terms. The Company typically has only one performance obligation at the inception of a contract, which
is to perform research and development services. The Company may also provide its customers with an option to request that the Company
provides additional goods or services in the future, such as active pharmaceutical ingredient, API, or IND/NDA/ANDA/510K submissions.
The Company evaluates whether these options are material rights at the inception of the contract. If the Company determines an option
is a material right, the Company will consider the option a separate performance obligation.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;If the Company is entitled to reimbursement
from its customers for specified research and development expenses, the Company accounts for the related services that it provides as
separate performance obligations if it determines that these services represent a material right. The Company also determines whether
the reimbursement of research and development expenses should be accounted for as revenues or an offset to research and development expenses
in accordance with provisions of gross or net revenue presentation. The Company recognizes the corresponding revenues or records the
corresponding offset to research and development expenses as it satisfies the related performance obligations.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The Company then determines the transaction
price by reviewing the amount of consideration the Company is eligible to earn under the contracts, including any variable consideration.
Under the outstanding contracts, consideration typically includes fixed consideration and variable consideration in the form of potential
milestone payments. At the start of an agreement, the Company&#x2019;s transaction price usually consists of the payments made to or by
the Company based on the number of full-time equivalent researchers assigned to the project and the related research and development
expenses incurred. The Company does not typically include any payments that the Company may receive in the future in its initial transaction
price because the payments are not probable. The Company would reassess the total transaction price at each reporting period to determine
if the Company should include additional payments in the transaction price.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The Company receives payments from its customers
based on billing schedules established in each contract. Upfront payments and fees may be recorded as advance from customers upon receipt
or when due, and may require deferral of revenue recognition to a future period until the Company performs its obligations under these
arrangements. Amounts are recorded as accounts receivable when the right of the Company to consideration is unconditional. The Company
does not assess whether a contract has a significant financing component if the expectation at contract inception is such that the period
between payment by the customers and the transfer of the promised goods or services to the customers will be one year or less.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerPolicyTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentPolicyTextBlock contextRef="c7" id="ixv-24226">&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline"&gt;Property and Equipment, net&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Property and equipment, net is carried at
cost net of accumulated depreciation. Repairs and maintenance are expensed as incurred. Expenditures that improve the functionality of
the related asset or extend the useful life are capitalized. When property and equipment is retired or otherwise disposed of, the related
gain or loss is included in operating income. Leasehold improvements are depreciated on the straight-line method over the shorter of
the remaining lease term or estimated useful life of the asset. Depreciation is calculated on the straight-line method generally based
on the following useful lives:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: justify; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Estimated&#160;Life&lt;br/&gt; in Years&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 91%; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Buildings and leasehold improvements&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 8%; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;5 ~ 50&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Machinery and equipment&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;5 ~ 10&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Office equipment&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;3 ~ 6&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentPolicyTextBlock>
    <abvc:ScheduleOfEstimatedUsefulLivesOfPropertyAndEquipmentNetTableTextBlock contextRef="c7" id="ixv-45773">Depreciation is calculated on the straight-line method generally based
on the following useful lives:&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: justify; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Estimated&#160;Life&lt;br/&gt; in Years&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 91%; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Buildings and leasehold improvements&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 8%; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;5 ~ 50&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Machinery and equipment&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;5 ~ 10&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Office equipment&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;3 ~ 6&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;</abvc:ScheduleOfEstimatedUsefulLivesOfPropertyAndEquipmentNetTableTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife contextRef="c118" id="ixv-45774">P5Y</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife>
    <us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife contextRef="c119" id="ixv-45775">P50Y</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife>
    <us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife contextRef="c120" id="ixv-45776">P5Y</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife>
    <us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife contextRef="c121" id="ixv-45777">P10Y</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife>
    <us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife contextRef="c122" id="ixv-45778">P3Y</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife>
    <us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife contextRef="c123" id="ixv-45779">P6Y</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife>
    <us-gaap:ImpairmentOrDisposalOfLongLivedAssetsPolicyTextBlock contextRef="c7" id="ixv-24271">&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline"&gt;Impairment of Long-Lived Assets&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The Company has adopted ASC subtopic 360-10,
Property, Plant and Equipment (&#x201c;ASC 360-10&#x201d;). ASC 360-10 requires that long-lived assets and certain identifiable intangibles
held and used by the Company be reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount
of an asset may not be recoverable. The Company evaluates its long-lived assets for impairment annually or more often if events and circumstances
warrant. Events relating to recoverability may include significant unfavorable changes in business conditions, recurring losses, or a
forecasted inability to achieve break-even operating results over an extended period. Should impairment in value be indicated, the carrying
value of intangible assets will be adjusted, based on estimates of future discounted cash flows resulting from the use and ultimate disposition
of the asset. ASC 360-10 also requires assets to be disposed of be reported at the lower of the carrying amount or the fair value less
costs to sell.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:ImpairmentOrDisposalOfLongLivedAssetsPolicyTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:EquityMethodInvestmentsPolicy contextRef="c7" id="ixv-24281">&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline"&gt;Long-term Equity Investment&lt;/span&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The Company acquires the equity investments
to promote business and strategic objectives. The accounting treatment for equity investments, where the Company does not have control
over the investees, is as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#x25cf;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 10pt"&gt;Marketable equity investments: The Company measures marketable equity
    securities at fair value at each reporting date, with unrealized gains and losses recognized in net income in accordance with &lt;span style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal"&gt;ASC
    321. Fair value is&lt;/span&gt; determined based on quoted market prices or other observable inputs.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#x25cf;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Non-marketable equity
    investments: When the equity method does not apply, non-marketable equity investments are accounted for at cost, adjusted for observable
    price changes in orderly transactions for identical or similar investments and for impairments, if applicable.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#x25cf;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Equity method investments:
    Investments in which the Company has the ability to exercise significant influence, but not control, over the investee, are accounted
    for using the equity method. The Company recognizes its proportionate share of the investee&#x2019;s income or loss in gains (losses)
    on equity investments on a monthly basis.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Significant judgment is required to identify
whether an impairment exists in the valuation of the Company&#x2019;s non-marketable equity investments, considering this a critical accounting
estimate. Its yearly analysis considers both qualitative and quantitative factors that may have a significant impact on the investee&#x2019;s
fair value. Qualitative analysis of its investments involves understanding the financial performance and near-term prospects of the investee,
changes in general market conditions in the investee&#x2019;s industry or geographic area, and the management and governance structure
of the investee. Quantitative assessments of the fair value of its investments are developed using the market and income approaches.
The market approach includes the use of comparable financial metrics of private and public companies and recent financing rounds. The
income approach includes the use of a discounted cash flow model, which requires significant estimates regarding the investees&#x2019;
revenue, costs, and discount rates. The Company&#x2019;s assessment of these factors in determining whether an impairment exists could
change in the future due to new developments or changes in applied assumptions.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:EquityMethodInvestmentsPolicy>
    <abvc:OtherThanTemporaryImpairmentPolicyTextBlock contextRef="c7" id="ixv-24333">&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline"&gt;Other-Than-Temporary Impairment&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The Company periodically reviews its non-marketable
equity investments and equity method investments, with recognition in profit and loss when declines in value are considered other than
temporary. the Company assesses the severity and duration of any impairment, along with qualitative and quantitative factors, such as
the investee&#x2019;s financial performance, adverse market or regulatory conditions, operational changes, or additional funding needs.
Evidence of a loss in value might include the inability to recover the carrying amount of the investment or the investee&#x2019;s failure
to sustain earnings capacity to justify its valuation. Impairments deemed other than temporary are recorded in gains (losses) on equity
investments, even if the decline exceeds the losses recognized under the equity method, where applicable.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</abvc:OtherThanTemporaryImpairmentPolicyTextBlock>
    <abvc:ConvertibleNotesPayablePolicyTextBlock contextRef="c7" id="ixv-24359">&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline"&gt;Convertible Notes Payable&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The Company accounts for convertible notes
payable in accordance with ASC 470-20, Debt with Conversion and Other Options, and ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging, as applicable. Upon
issuance, the Company evaluates whether the embedded conversion feature should be bifurcated as a derivative under ASC 815 or classified
within equity under ASC 470-20. This assessment includes analyzing the terms of the conversion feature and determining if it requires
separate accounting. If the conversion feature is classified as equity, the proceeds from the issuance are allocated between the debt
and equity components. The debt component is recorded at its fair value, and the residual amount is allocated to equity. The debt component
is carried at amortized cost, with any discount amortized to interest expense over the term of the note using the effective interest
method. Upon conversion, the carrying amount of the debt is reclassified to equity, and no gain or loss is recognized. If the note is
settled in cash, any difference between the carrying amount and the settlement amount is recognized in profit and loss.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</abvc:ConvertibleNotesPayablePolicyTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:DerivativesPolicyTextBlock contextRef="c7" id="ixv-24369">&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline"&gt;Warrants&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The Company accounts for warrants as either
equity-classified or liability-classified instruments based on an assessment of the warrant&#x2019;s specific terms and applicable authoritative
guidance in ASC 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity (&#x201c;ASC 480&#x201d;) and ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging (&#x201c;ASC
815&#x201d;). The assessment considers whether the warrants are freestanding financial instruments pursuant to ASC 480, meet the definition
of a liability pursuant to ASC 480, and whether the warrants meet all of the requirements for equity classification under ASC 815, including
whether the warrants are indexed to the Company&#x2019;s own common shares and whether the warrant holders could potentially require &#x201c;net
cash settlement&#x201d; in a circumstance outside of the Company&#x2019;s control, among other conditions for equity classification. This
assessment, which requires the use of professional judgment, is conducted at the time of warrant issuance and as of each subsequent quarterly
period end date while the warrants are outstanding. The Company determined that upon further review of the warrant agreement, the Public
Warrants issued pursuant to the warrant agreement qualify for equity accounting treatment.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;For issued or modified warrants that meet
all of the criteria for equity classification, the warrants are required to be recorded as a component of equity at the time of issuance.
For issued or modified warrants that do not meet all the criteria for equity classification, the warrants are required to be recorded
as liabilities at their initial fair value on the date of issuance, and each balance sheet date thereafter. Changes in the estimated
fair value of the warrants are recognized as a non-cash gain or loss on the statements of operations.&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:DerivativesPolicyTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:ResearchAndDevelopmentExpensePolicy contextRef="c7" id="ixv-24384">&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline"&gt;Research and Development Expenses&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The Company accounts for the cost of using
licensing rights in research and development cost according to ASC 730-10-25-1. This guidance provides that absent alternative future
uses the acquisition of product rights to be used in research and development activities must be charged to research and development
expenses when incurred.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The Company accounts for R&amp;amp;D costs in
accordance with ASC 730, Research and Development (&#x201c;ASC 730&#x201d;). Research and development expenses are charged to expense as
incurred unless there is an alternative future use in other research and development projects or otherwise. Research and development
expenses are comprised of costs incurred in performing research and development activities, including personnel-related costs, facilities-related
overhead, and outside contracted services including clinical trial costs, manufacturing and process development costs for both clinical
and preclinical materials, research costs, and other consulting services. Non-refundable advance payment for goods and services that
will be used in future research and development activities are expensed when the activity has been performed or when the goods have been
received rather than when the payment is made. In instances where the Company enters into agreements with third parties to provide research
and development services, costs are expensed as services are performed.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:ResearchAndDevelopmentExpensePolicy>
    <us-gaap:PostemploymentBenefitPlansPolicy contextRef="c7" id="ixv-24399">&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline"&gt;Post-retirement and post-employment benefits&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The Company&#x2019;s subsidiaries in Taiwan
adopted the government mandated defined contribution plan pursuant to the Labor Pension Act (the &#x201c;Act&#x201d;) in Taiwan. Such labor
regulations require that the rate of contribution made by an employer to the Labor Pension Fund per month shall not be less than 6% of
the worker&#x2019;s monthly salaries. Pursuant to the Act, the Company makes monthly contribution equal to 6% of employees&#x2019; salaries
to the employees&#x2019; pension fund. The Company has no legal obligation for the benefits beyond the contributions made. The total amounts
for such employee benefits, which were expensed as incurred, were $11,642 (NTD 0.4 million) and $10,314&#160;(NTD 0.4 million) for the
years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Other than the above, the Company does not provide any other post-retirement or
post-employment benefits.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:PostemploymentBenefitPlansPolicy>
    <abvc:LaborPensionFundPerMonth contextRef="c7" decimals="2" id="ixv-45780" unitRef="pure">0.06</abvc:LaborPensionFundPerMonth>
    <us-gaap:DefinedContributionPlanEmployerMatchingContributionPercent contextRef="c7" decimals="2" id="ixv-45781" unitRef="pure">0.06</us-gaap:DefinedContributionPlanEmployerMatchingContributionPercent>
    <us-gaap:AccruedEmployeeBenefitsCurrentAndNoncurrent contextRef="c113" decimals="0" id="ixv-45782" unitRef="usd">11642</us-gaap:AccruedEmployeeBenefitsCurrentAndNoncurrent>
    <us-gaap:AccruedEmployeeBenefitsCurrentAndNoncurrent contextRef="c1" decimals="-5" id="ixv-45783" unitRef="twd">400000</us-gaap:AccruedEmployeeBenefitsCurrentAndNoncurrent>
    <us-gaap:AccruedEmployeeBenefitsCurrentAndNoncurrent contextRef="c2" decimals="0" id="ixv-45784" unitRef="usd">10314</us-gaap:AccruedEmployeeBenefitsCurrentAndNoncurrent>
    <us-gaap:AccruedEmployeeBenefitsCurrentAndNoncurrent contextRef="c2" decimals="-5" id="ixv-45785" unitRef="twd">400000</us-gaap:AccruedEmployeeBenefitsCurrentAndNoncurrent>
    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationOptionAndIncentivePlansPolicy contextRef="c7" id="ixv-24410">&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline"&gt;Stock-based Compensation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The Company measures expense associated with
all employee stock-based compensation awards using a fair value method and recognizes such expense in the consolidated financial statements
on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period in accordance with ASC 718 &#x201c;Compensation-Stock Compensation&#x201d;.
Total director, officer, and employee stock-based compensation expenses were $1,995,049 and $0 for the years ended December 31, 2024
and 2023, respectively.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The Company accounted for stock-based compensation
to non-employees in accordance with ASC 718 &#x201c;Compensation-Stock Compensation&#x201d; and ASC 505-50 &#x201c;Equity-Based Payments
to Non-Employees&#x201d; which requires that the cost of services received from non-employees is measured at fair value at the earlier
of the performance commitment date or the date service is completed and recognized over the period the service is provided. Total non-employee
stock-based compensation expenses were $506,583 for consulting services and $271,828 for rent for the year ended December 31, 2024, and
$185,933&#160;for consulting services for the year ended December 31, 2023.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationOptionAndIncentivePlansPolicy>
    <us-gaap:EmployeeBenefitsAndShareBasedCompensation contextRef="c114" decimals="0" id="ixv-45786" unitRef="usd">1995049</us-gaap:EmployeeBenefitsAndShareBasedCompensation>
    <us-gaap:EmployeeBenefitsAndShareBasedCompensation contextRef="c115" decimals="0" id="ixv-45787" unitRef="usd">0</us-gaap:EmployeeBenefitsAndShareBasedCompensation>
    <us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense contextRef="c116" decimals="0" id="ixv-45788" unitRef="usd">506583</us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense>
    <us-gaap:DefinedBenefitPlanServiceCost contextRef="c116" decimals="0" id="ixv-45789" unitRef="usd">271828</us-gaap:DefinedBenefitPlanServiceCost>
    <us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense contextRef="c117" decimals="0" id="ixv-45790" unitRef="usd">185933</us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense>
    <us-gaap:IncomeTaxPolicyTextBlock contextRef="c7" id="ixv-24441">&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline"&gt;Income Taxes&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The Company accounts for income taxes using
the asset and liability approach which allows the recognition and measurement of deferred tax assets to be based upon the likelihood
of realization of tax benefits in future years. Under the asset and liability approach, deferred taxes are provided for the net tax effects
of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used
for income tax purposes. A valuation allowance is provided for deferred tax assets if it is more likely than not these items will expire
before the Company is able to realize their benefits, or future deductibility is uncertain.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Under ASC 740, a tax position is recognized
as a benefit only if it is &#x201c;more likely than not&#x201d; that the tax position would be sustained in a tax examination, with a tax
examination being presumed to occur. The evaluation of a tax position is a two-step process. The first step is to determine whether it
is more-likely-than-not that a tax position will be sustained upon examination, including the resolution of any related appeals or litigations
based on the technical merits of that position. The second step is to measure a tax position that meets the more-likely-than-not threshold
to determine the amount of benefits recognized in the financial statements. A tax position is measured at the largest amount of benefit
that is greater than 50 percent likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement. Tax positions that previously failed to meet the more-likely-than-not
recognition threshold should be recognized in the first subsequent period in which the threshold is met. Previously recognized tax positions
that no longer meet the more-likely-than-not criteria should be de-recognized in the first subsequent financial reporting period in which
the threshold is no longer satisfied. Penalties and interest incurred related to underpayment of income tax are classified as income
tax expense in the year incurred. No significant penalty or interest relating to income taxes has been incurred for the years ended December
31, 2024 and 2023. GAAP also provides guidance on de-recognition, classification, interest and penalties, accounting in interim periods,
disclosures and transition.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:IncomeTaxPolicyTextBlock>
    <abvc:DefinedBenefitPlanFundedPercentages contextRef="c7" decimals="2" id="ixv-45791" unitRef="pure">0.50</abvc:DefinedBenefitPlanFundedPercentages>
    <abvc:ValuationOfDeferredTaxAssetsPolicyTextBlock contextRef="c7" id="ixv-24456">&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline"&gt;Valuation of Deferred Tax Assets&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;A valuation allowance is recorded to reduce
the Company&#x2019;s deferred tax assets to the amount that is more likely than not to be realized. In assessing the need for the valuation
allowance, management considers, among other things, projections of future taxable income and ongoing prudent and feasible tax planning
strategies. If the Company determines that sufficient negative evidence exists, then it will consider recording a valuation allowance
against a portion or all of the deferred tax assets in that jurisdiction. If, after recording a valuation allowance, the Company&#x2019;s
projections of future taxable income and other positive evidence considered in evaluating the need for a valuation allowance prove, with
the benefit of hindsight, to be inaccurate, it could prove to be more difficult to support the realization of its deferred tax assets.
As a result, an additional valuation allowance could be required, which would have an adverse impact on its effective income tax rate
and results. Conversely, if, after recording a valuation allowance, the Company determines that sufficient positive evidence exists in
the jurisdiction in which the valuation allowance was recorded, it may reverse a portion or all of the valuation allowance in that jurisdiction.
In such situations, the adjustment made to the deferred tax asset would have a favorable impact on its effective income tax rate and
results in the period such determination was made.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</abvc:ValuationOfDeferredTaxAssetsPolicyTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:EarningsPerSharePolicyTextBlock contextRef="c7" id="ixv-24466">&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline"&gt;Loss Per Share of Common Stock&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The Company calculates net loss per share
in accordance with ASC 260, &#x201c;Earnings per Share&#x201d;. Basic loss per share is computed by dividing the net loss by the weighted
average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted loss per share is computed similar to basic loss per share except
that the denominator is increased to include the number of additional common shares that would have been outstanding if the potential
common stock equivalents had been issued and if the additional common shares were dilutive. Diluted earnings per share excludes all dilutive
potential shares if their effect is anti-dilutive.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:EarningsPerSharePolicyTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:CommitmentsAndContingenciesPolicyTextBlock contextRef="c7" id="ixv-24476">&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline"&gt;Commitments and Contingencies&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The Company has adopted ASC 450 &#x201c;Contingencies&#x201d;
subtopic 20, in determining its accruals and disclosures with respect to loss contingencies. Accordingly, estimated losses from loss
contingencies are accrued by a charge to income when information available before financial statements are issued or are available to
be issued indicates that it is probable that an asset had been impaired or a liability had been incurred at the date of the financial
statements and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. Legal expenses associated with the contingency are expensed as incurred.
If a loss contingency is not probable or reasonably estimable, disclosure of the loss contingency is made in the financial statements
when it is at least reasonably possible that a material loss could be incurred.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:CommitmentsAndContingenciesPolicyTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:ForeignCurrencyTransactionsAndTranslationsPolicyTextBlock contextRef="c7" id="ixv-24486">&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline"&gt;Foreign-currency Transactions&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;For the Company&#x2019;s subsidiaries in Taiwan,
the foreign-currency transactions are recorded in New Taiwan Dollars (&#x201c;NTD&#x201d;) at the rates of exchange in effect when the
transactions occur. Gains or losses resulting from the application of different foreign exchange rates when cash in foreign currency
is converted into NTD, or when foreign-currency receivables or payables are settled, are credited or charged to income in the year of
conversion or settlement. On the balance sheet dates, the balances of foreign-currency assets and liabilities are restated at the prevailing
exchange rates and the resulting differences are charged to current income except for those foreign currencies denominated investments
in shares of stock where such differences are accounted for as translation adjustments under the Statements of Changes in Stockholders&#x2019;
Equity.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:ForeignCurrencyTransactionsAndTranslationsPolicyTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:SegmentReportingPolicyPolicyTextBlock contextRef="c7" id="ixv-24510">&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline"&gt;Segment Reporting&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;ASC 280 &#x201c;Segment Reporting&#x201d; requires
public companies to report financial and descriptive information about their reportable operating segments. The Company identifies the
operating segments based on how the chief operating decision maker internally evaluates separate financial information, business activities
and management responsibility.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The Company currently has&#160;one&#160;reportable
segment and assets are reviewed on a consolidated basis. As such, segment data is not provided.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The following tables present revenue and gross
profit information for each of our only reportable segment:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 12pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;For The Years Ended&lt;br/&gt;
    December 31&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 12pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2023 (Restated)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 76%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Revenue&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;509,589&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;152,430&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Cost of Revenue&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;763&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;302,037&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 4pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Segment Gross Profit (Loss)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;508,826&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(149,607&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 12pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 12pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 12pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Depreciation expense&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;32,025&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;28,531&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The following table provides a reconciliation
of total segment gross profit to the Company&#x2019;s loss before provision for income tax:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 12pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;For The Years Ended&lt;br/&gt;
    December 31&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 12pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2023 (Restated)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 76%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Segment Gross Profit (Loss)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;508,826&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(149,607&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Less:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 12pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 12pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Selling, general and administrative expenses&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2,261,336&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;5,368,278&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Research and development expenses&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;179,272&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;1,062,916&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Stock-based compensation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2,773,460&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;185,933&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Add (Less):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 12pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 12pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Interest income&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;87,358&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;185,481&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Interest expense&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(825,899&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(1,313,671&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Operating sublease income&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;48,478&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;65,900&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Gain (loss) on foreign exchange changes&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(25,135&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;22,690&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Loss on investment in equity securities&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(339,171&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(221,888&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Write off unclaimed accrued liabilities&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;255,592&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-263"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Other income, net&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;134,443&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;3,384&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Loss before provision for income tax&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(5,369,576&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(8,024,838&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;</us-gaap:SegmentReportingPolicyPolicyTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:NumberOfReportableSegments contextRef="c7" decimals="0" id="ixv-45792" unitRef="pure">1</us-gaap:NumberOfReportableSegments>
    <us-gaap:ScheduleOfSegmentReportingInformationBySegmentTextBlock contextRef="c7" id="ixv-24525">&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The following tables present revenue and gross
profit information for each of our only reportable segment:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 12pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;For The Years Ended&lt;br/&gt;
    December 31&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 12pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2023 (Restated)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 76%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Revenue&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;509,589&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;152,430&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Cost of Revenue&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;763&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;302,037&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 4pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Segment Gross Profit (Loss)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;508,826&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(149,607&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 12pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 12pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 12pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Depreciation expense&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;32,025&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;28,531&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;</us-gaap:ScheduleOfSegmentReportingInformationBySegmentTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:Revenues contextRef="c7" decimals="0" id="ixv-45793" unitRef="usd">509589</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues contextRef="c8" decimals="0" id="ixv-45794" unitRef="usd">152430</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:CostOfRevenue contextRef="c7" decimals="0" id="ixv-45795" unitRef="usd">763</us-gaap:CostOfRevenue>
    <us-gaap:CostOfRevenue contextRef="c8" decimals="0" id="ixv-45796" unitRef="usd">302037</us-gaap:CostOfRevenue>
    <us-gaap:GrossProfit contextRef="c7" decimals="0" id="ixv-45797" unitRef="usd">508826</us-gaap:GrossProfit>
    <us-gaap:GrossProfit contextRef="c8" decimals="0" id="ixv-45798" unitRef="usd">-149607</us-gaap:GrossProfit>
    <us-gaap:Depreciation contextRef="c7" decimals="0" id="ixv-45799" unitRef="usd">32025</us-gaap:Depreciation>
    <us-gaap:Depreciation contextRef="c8" decimals="0" id="ixv-45800" unitRef="usd">28531</us-gaap:Depreciation>
    <us-gaap:ReconciliationOfOtherSignificantReconcilingItemsFromSegmentsToConsolidatedTextBlock contextRef="c7" id="ixv-24660">&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 12pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;For The Years Ended&lt;br/&gt;
    December 31&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 12pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2023 (Restated)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 76%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Segment Gross Profit (Loss)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;508,826&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(149,607&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Less:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 12pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 12pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Selling, general and administrative expenses&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2,261,336&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;5,368,278&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Research and development expenses&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;179,272&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;1,062,916&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Stock-based compensation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2,773,460&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;185,933&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Add (Less):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 12pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 12pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Interest income&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;87,358&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;185,481&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Interest expense&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(825,899&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(1,313,671&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Operating sublease income&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;48,478&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;65,900&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Gain (loss) on foreign exchange changes&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(25,135&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;22,690&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Loss on investment in equity securities&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(339,171&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(221,888&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Write off unclaimed accrued liabilities&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;255,592&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-263"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Other income, net&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;134,443&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;3,384&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Loss before provision for income tax&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(5,369,576&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(8,024,838&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;</us-gaap:ReconciliationOfOtherSignificantReconcilingItemsFromSegmentsToConsolidatedTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:GrossProfit contextRef="c7" decimals="0" id="ixv-45801" unitRef="usd">508826</us-gaap:GrossProfit>
    <us-gaap:GrossProfit contextRef="c8" decimals="0" id="ixv-45802" unitRef="usd">-149607</us-gaap:GrossProfit>
    <us-gaap:SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense contextRef="c7" decimals="0" id="ixv-45803" unitRef="usd">2261336</us-gaap:SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense>
    <us-gaap:SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense contextRef="c8" decimals="0" id="ixv-45804" unitRef="usd">5368278</us-gaap:SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense>
    <us-gaap:ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense contextRef="c7" decimals="0" id="ixv-45805" unitRef="usd">179272</us-gaap:ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense>
    <us-gaap:ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense contextRef="c8" decimals="0" id="ixv-45806" unitRef="usd">1062916</us-gaap:ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense>
    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensation contextRef="c7" decimals="0" id="ixv-45807" unitRef="usd">2773460</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensation>
    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensation contextRef="c8" decimals="0" id="ixv-45808" unitRef="usd">185933</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensation>
    <us-gaap:InvestmentIncomeInterest contextRef="c7" decimals="0" id="ixv-45809" unitRef="usd">87358</us-gaap:InvestmentIncomeInterest>
    <us-gaap:InvestmentIncomeInterest contextRef="c8" decimals="0" id="ixv-45810" unitRef="usd">185481</us-gaap:InvestmentIncomeInterest>
    <us-gaap:InterestExpenseNonoperating contextRef="c7" decimals="0" id="ixv-45811" unitRef="usd">825899</us-gaap:InterestExpenseNonoperating>
    <us-gaap:InterestExpenseNonoperating contextRef="c8" decimals="0" id="ixv-45812" unitRef="usd">1313671</us-gaap:InterestExpenseNonoperating>
    <us-gaap:SubleaseIncome contextRef="c7" decimals="0" id="ixv-45813" unitRef="usd">48478</us-gaap:SubleaseIncome>
    <us-gaap:SubleaseIncome contextRef="c8" decimals="0" id="ixv-45814" unitRef="usd">65900</us-gaap:SubleaseIncome>
    <us-gaap:ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossBeforeTax contextRef="c7" decimals="0" id="ixv-45815" unitRef="usd">-25135</us-gaap:ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossBeforeTax>
    <us-gaap:ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossBeforeTax contextRef="c8" decimals="0" id="ixv-45816" unitRef="usd">22690</us-gaap:ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossBeforeTax>
    <us-gaap:GainLossOnInvestments contextRef="c7" decimals="0" id="ixv-45817" unitRef="usd">-339171</us-gaap:GainLossOnInvestments>
    <us-gaap:GainLossOnInvestments contextRef="c8" decimals="0" id="ixv-45818" unitRef="usd">-221888</us-gaap:GainLossOnInvestments>
    <abvc:WriteOffUnclaimedAccruedLiabilites contextRef="c7" decimals="0" id="ixv-45819" unitRef="usd">255592</abvc:WriteOffUnclaimedAccruedLiabilites>
    <us-gaap:OtherNonoperatingIncomeExpense contextRef="c7" decimals="0" id="ixv-45820" unitRef="usd">134443</us-gaap:OtherNonoperatingIncomeExpense>
    <us-gaap:OtherNonoperatingIncomeExpense contextRef="c8" decimals="0" id="ixv-45821" unitRef="usd">3384</us-gaap:OtherNonoperatingIncomeExpense>
    <us-gaap:IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest contextRef="c7" decimals="0" id="ixv-45822" unitRef="usd">-5369576</us-gaap:IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest>
    <us-gaap:IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest contextRef="c8" decimals="0" id="ixv-45823" unitRef="usd">-8024838</us-gaap:IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest>
    <us-gaap:NewAccountingPronouncementsPolicyPolicyTextBlock contextRef="c7" id="ixv-24957">&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline"&gt;Recent Accounting Pronouncements&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;In August 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-05,
Business Combinations&#x2014;Joint Venture Formations (Subtopic 805-60) which requires certain joint ventures to apply a new basis of
accounting upon formation by recognizing and initially measuring most of their assets and liabilities at fair value. The guidance does
not apply to joint ventures that may be proportionately consolidated and those that are collaborative arrangements. ASU 2023-05 is effective
for joint venture with a formation date on or after January 1, 2025, early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating
the impact that the standard will have on its unaudited consolidated financial statements.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No.
2023-09, Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures (Topic 740). The ASU requires disaggregated information about a reporting entity&#x2019;s
effective tax rate reconciliation as well as additional information on income taxes paid. The ASU is effective on a prospective basis
for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is also permitted for annual financial statements that have not
yet been issued or made available for issuance. This ASU will likely result in the required additional disclosures being included in
our consolidated financial statements once adopted.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU No.
2024-03, Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40). The ASU requires disclosure of specified information about certain costs
and expenses. This includes purchases of inventory, employee compensation, depreciation, and intangible asset amortization.&#160; The
ASU is effective on a prospective or retrospective basis for annual reporting period beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim reporting
period beginning after December 15, 2027. Early adoption is permitted. This ASU will likely result in the required additional disclosures
being included in our consolidated financial statements once adopted.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:NewAccountingPronouncementsPolicyPolicyTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:CollaborativeArrangementDisclosureTextBlock contextRef="c7" id="ixv-24995">&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;4. COLLABORATIVE AGREEMENTS&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration:underline"&gt;Collaborative agreements with BHK, a
related party&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;(i)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;On February 24, 2015,
    BioLite Taiwan and BioHopeKing Corporation (the &#x201c;BHK&#x201d;) entered into a co-development agreement, (the &#x201c;BHK Co-Development
    Agreement&#x201d;), pursuant to which it is collaborative with BHK to develop and commercialize BLI-1401-2 (Botanical Drug) Triple
    Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) Combination Therapy (BLI-1401-2 Products) in Asian countries excluding Japan for all related intellectual
    property rights, and has developed it for medicinal use in collaboration with outside researchers. The development costs shall be
    shared 50/50 between BHK and the Company. The BHK Co-Development Agreement will remain in effect for fifteen years from the date
    of first commercial sale of the Product in in Asia excluding Japan.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;On July 27, 2016, BioLite Taiwan and BHK agreed
to amend the payment terms of the milestone payment in an aggregate amount of $10 million based on the following schedule:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#x25cf;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Upon the signing of
    the BHK Co-Development Agreement: $1 million, or 10% of total payment&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#x25cf;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Upon the first Investigational
    New Drug (IND) submission and BioLite Taiwan will deliver all data to BHK according to FDA Reviewing requirement: $1 million, or
    10% of total payment&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#x25cf;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;At the completion of
    first phase II clinical trial: $1 million, or 10% of total payment&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#x25cf;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;At the initiation of
    phase III of clinical trial research: $3 million, or 30% of total payment&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#x25cf;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Upon the New Drug Application
    (NDA) submission: $4 million, or 40% of total payment&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;In December 2015, BHK has paid a non-refundable
upfront cash payment of $1 million, or 10% of $10.0 million, upon the signing of BHK Co-Development Agreement. The Company concluded
that the deliverables are considered separate units of accounting as the delivered items have value to the customer on a standalone basis
and recognized this cash receipt as collaboration revenue when all research, technical, and development data was delivered to BHK in
2015. The receipt is for the compensation of past research efforts and contributions made by BioLite Taiwan before this collaborative
agreement was signed and it does not relate to any future commitments made by BioLite Taiwan and BHK in this collaborative agreement.
In August 2016, the Company has received the second milestone payment of &lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-264"&gt;NTD31,649,000&lt;/span&gt;, approximately equivalent to $1 million, and recognized
collaboration revenue for the year ended December 31, 2016. As of the date of this report, the Company has not completed the first phase
II clinical trial.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;In addition to the milestone payments, BioLite
Taiwan is entitled to receive royalty on 12% of BHK&#x2019;s net sales related to BLI-1401-2 Products. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023,
the Company has not earned the royalty under the BHK Co-Development Agreement.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(ii) On December 9, 2015, BioLite Taiwan entered
into another two collaborative agreements (the &#x201c;BHK Collaborative Agreements&#x201d;), pursuant to which it is collaborative with
BHK to co-develop and commercialize BLI-1005 for &#x201c;Targeting Major Depressive Disorder&#x201d; (BLI-1005 Products) and BLI-1006 for
&#x201c;Targeting Inflammatory Bowel Disease&#x201d; (BLI-1006 Products) in Asia excluding Japan for all related intellectual property
rights, and has developed it for medicinal use in collaboration with outside researchers. The development costs shall be shared 50/50
between BHK and the Company. The BHK Co-Development Agreement will remain in effect for fifteen years from the date of first commercial
sale of the Product in in Asia excluding Japan.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;In 2015, the Company recognized the cash receipt
in a total of &lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-265"&gt;NTD50 million&lt;/span&gt;, approximately equivalent to $1.6 million, as collaboration revenue when all research, technical, and development
data was delivered to BHK. The Company concluded that the deliverables are considered separate units of accounting as the delivered items
have value to the customer on a standalone basis and recognized this payment as collaboration revenue when all research, technical, data
and development data was delivered to BHK. The cash receipt is for the compensation of past research efforts and contributions made by
BioLite Taiwan before this BHK Collaborative Agreements was signed and it does not relate to any future commitments made by BioLite Taiwan
and BHK in this BHK Collaborative Agreements.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;In addition to the total of &lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-266"&gt;NTD50 million&lt;/span&gt;,
approximately equivalent to $1.6 million, BioLite Taiwan is entitled to receive 50% of the future net licensing income or net sales profit.
As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company has not earned the royalty under the BHK Collaborative Agreements.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration:underline"&gt;Co-Development agreement with Rgene
Corporation, a related party&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;On May 26, 2017, the Company through its subsidiary,
BriVision, entered into a co-development agreement (the &#x201c;Co-Dev Agreement&#x201d;) with Rgene Corporation (the &#x201c;Rgene&#x201d;),
a related party under common control by controlling beneficiary shareholder of YuanGene Corporation and the Company (See Note 12). Pursuant
to Co-Dev Agreement, the Company and Rgene agreed to co-develop and commercialize ABV-1507 HER2/neu Positive Breast Cancer Combination
Therapy, ABV-1511 Pancreatic Cancer Combination Therapy and ABV-1527 Ovary Cancer Combination Therapy. Under the terms of the Co-Dev
Agreement, Rgene is required to&#160;pay the Company $3.0 million in cash or stock of Rgene with equivalent value by August 15, 2017.
The payment is for the compensation of the Company&#x2019;s past research efforts and contributions before the Co-Dev Agreement was signed
and it does not relate to any future commitments made by the Company and Rgene in this Co-Dev Agreement. In addition to $3.0 million,
the Company is entitled to receive 50% of the future net licensing income or net sales profit earned by Rgene, if any, and any development
costs shall be equally shared by both the Company and Rgene.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;On June 1, 2017, the Company has delivered
all research, technical, data and development data to Rgene. Since both Rgene and the Company are related parties and under common control
by a controlling beneficiary shareholder of YuanGene Corporation and the Company, the Company has recorded the full amount of $3.0 million
in connection with the Co-Dev Agreement as additional paid-in capital during the year ended December 31, 2017. During the year ended
December 31, 2017, the Company has received $450,000 in cash. On December 24, 2018, the Company received the remaining balance of $2,550,000
in the form of newly issued shares of Rgene&#x2019;s Common Stock, at the price of NTD50 per share (approximately equivalent to $1.60
per share), for an aggregate number of 1,530,000 shares, which accounted for equity method long-term investment as of December 31, 2018.
On December 31, 2018, the Company determined to fully write off this investment based on the Company&#x2019;s assessment of the severity
and duration of the impairment, and qualitative and quantitative analysis of the operating performance of the investee, adverse changes
in market conditions and the regulatory or economic environment, changes in operating structure of Rgene, additional funding requirements,
and Rgene&#x2019;s ability to remain in business. All projects that have been initiated will be managed and supported by the Company and
Rgene.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The Company and Rgene signed an amendment
to the Co-Dev Agreement on November 10, 2020, pursuant to which both parties agreed to delete AB-1507 HER2/neu Positive Breast Cancer
Combination Therapy and AB 1527 Ovary Cancer Combination Therapy and add ABV-1519 EGFR Positive Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Combination
Therapy and ABV-1526 Large Intestine / Colon / Rectal Cancer Combination Therapy to the products to be co-developed and commercialized.
Other provisions of the Co-Dev Agreement remain in full force and effect.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;On June 10, 2022, the Company expanded its
co-development partnership with Rgene. On that date, BioKey, ABVC has entered into a Clinical Development Service Agreement with Rgene
to guide three Rgene drug products, RGC-1501 for the treatment of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC), RGC-1502 for the treatment of pancreatic
cancer and RGC 1503 for the treatment of colorectal cancer patients, through completion of Phase II clinical studies under the U.S. FDA
IND regulatory requirements. Under the terms of the new Services Agreement, BioKey is eligible to receive payments totaling $3.0 million
over a 3-year period with each payment amount to be determined by certain regulatory milestones obtained during the agreement period.
The Service Agreement shall remain in effect until the expiration date of the last patent and automatically renew for 5 more years unless
terminated earlier by either party with six months written notice. Either party may terminate the Service Agreement for cause by providing
30 days written notice.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Through a series of transactions over the
past 5 years, the Company and Rgene have co-developed the three drug products covered by the Service Agreement, which has resulted in
the Company owning 31.62% of Rgene.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;As part of the Rgene Studies, the Company
agreed to loan $1.0 million to Rgene, for which Rgene has provided the Company with a 5% working capital convertible loan (the &#x201c;Note&#x201d;).
If the Note is fully converted, the Company will own an additional 6.4% of Rgene. The Company is expected to receive the outstanding
loan from the related party by the first half of 2025, either by cash or conversion of shares of Rgene. The Company may convert the Note
at any time into shares of Rgene&#x2019;s common stock at either (i) a fixed conversion price equal to $1.00 per share or (ii) 20% discount
of the stock price of the then most recent offering, whichever is lower; the conversion price is subject to adjustment as set forth in
the Note. The Note includes standard events of default, as well as a cross default provision pursuant to which a breach of the Service
Agreement will trigger an event of default under the Note if not cured after 5 business days of written notice regarding the breach is
provided. Upon an event of default, the outstanding principal and any accrued and unpaid interest shall be immediately due and payable.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The Service Agreement shall remain in effect
until the expiration date of the last patent and automatically renew for 5 more years unless terminated earlier by either party with
six months written notice. Either party may terminate the Service Agreement for cause by providing 30 days written notice.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Rgene has further agreed, effective July 1,
2022, to provide the Company with a seat on Rgene&#x2019;s Board of Directors until the loan is repaid in full. The Company has nominated
Dr. Jiang, its Chief Strategy Officer and Director to occupy that seat; Dr. Jiang is also one of the Company&#x2019;s largest shareholders,
owning 12.8% of the Company.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The Rgene Studies is a related party transaction.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration:underline"&gt;Collaborative agreement with BioFirst
Corporation, a related party&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;On July 24, 2017, the Company through its
subsidiary, BriVision, entered into a collaborative agreement (the &#x201c;BioFirst Collaborative Agreement&#x201d;) with BioFirst Corporation
(&#x201c;BioFirst&#x201d;), pursuant to which BioFirst granted the Company the global licensing right for medical use of the product (the
&#x201c;Product&#x201d;): BFC-1401 Vitreous Substitute for Vitrectomy. BioFirst is a related party to the Company because a controlling
beneficiary shareholder of YuanGene Corporation and the Company is one of the directors and Common Stock shareholders of BioFirst (See
Note 10).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Pursuant to the BioFirst Collaborative Agreement,
the Company will co-develop and commercialize the Product with BioFirst and pay BioFirst in a total amount of $3.0 million in cash or
stock of the Company before September 30, 2018. The amount of $3.0 million is in connection with the compensation for BioFirst&#x2019;s
past research efforts and contributions made by BioFirst before the BioFirst Collaborative Agreement was signed and it does not relate
to any future commitments in this BioFirst Collaborative Agreement. In addition, the Company is entitled to receive 50% of the future
net licensing income or net sales profit, if any, and any development cost shall be equally shared by both the Company and BioFirst.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;On September 25, 2017, BioFirst has delivered
all research, technical, data and development data to the Company. The Company determined to fully expense the entire amount of $3.0
millionsince currently the related licensing rights do not have alternative future uses. According to ASC 730-10-25-1, absent alternative
future uses the acquisition of product rights to be used in research and development activities must be charged to research and development
expenses immediately. Hence, the entire amount of $3.0 million is fully expensed as research and development expense during the year
ended December 31, 2017.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;On June 30, 2019, BriVision entered into a
Stock Purchase Agreement (the &#x201c;Purchase Agreement&#x201d;) with BioFirst. Pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, the Company issued
&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-267"&gt;42,857 shares&lt;/span&gt; (post-split) of the Company&#x2019;s common stock to BioFirst in consideration for $3.0 million owed by the Company to BioFirst
(the &#x201c;Total Payment&#x201d;) in connection with BioFirst Collaborative Agreement.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;On August 5, 2019, BriVision entered into
a second Stock Purchase Agreement (&#x201c;Purchase Agreement 2&#x201d;) with BioFirst. Pursuant to Purchase Agreement 2, the Company issued
41,470 shares (post-split) of the Company&#x2019;s common stock to BioFirst in consideration for $2,902,911 owed by the Company to BioFirst
in connection with a loan provided to BriVision from BioFirst.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;On November 4, 2020, the Company executed
an amendment to the BioFirst Collaborative Agreement to add ABV-2001 Intraocular Irrigation Solution and ABV-2002 Corneal Storage Solution
to the agreement. ABV-2002 is utilized during a corneal transplant procedure to replace a damaged or diseased cornea while ABV-2001 has
broader utilization during a variety of ocular procedures.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Initially the Company will focus on ABV-2002,
a solution utilized to store a donor cornea prior to either penetrating keratoplasty (full thickness cornea transplant) or endothelial
keratoplasty (back layer cornea transplant). ABV-2002 is a solution comprised of a specific poly amino acid that protects ocular tissue
from damage caused by external osmolarity exposure during pre-surgery storage. The specific polymer in ABV-2002 can adjust osmolarity
to maintain a range of 330 to 390 mOsM thereby permitting hydration within the corneal stroma during the storage period. Stromal hydration
results in (a) maintaining acceptable corneal transparency and (b) prevents donor cornea swelling. ABV-2002 also contains an abundant
phenolic phytochemical found in plant cell walls that provides antioxidant antibacterial properties and neuroprotection.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Early testing by BioFirst indicates that ABV-2002
may be more effective for protecting the cornea and retina during long-term storage than other storage media available today and can
be manufactured at lower cost. Further ABV-2002 product development was put on hold due the lack of funding.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;In addition, BioFirst was incorporated on
November 7, 2006, focusing on the R&amp;amp;D, manufacturing, and sales of innovative patented pharmaceutical products. The technology of
BioFirst comes from the global exclusive licensing from domestic R &amp;amp; D institutions. Currently, the main research and development
product is the vitreous substitute (Vitargus&#xae;) Licensed by the National Health Research Institutes. Vitargus is the world&#x2019;s
first bio-degradable vitreous substitute and offers a number of advantages over current vitreous substitutes by minimizing medical complications
and reducing the need for additional surgeries.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;BioFirst has started the construction of a
GMP factory in Hsinchu Biomedical Science Park, Taiwan, with the aim at building a production base to supply the global market, and promote
the construction of bio-degradable vitreous substitute manufacturing centers in Taiwan. Completion of this factory would allow ABVC to
manufacture Vitargus with world-class technology in a GMP certified pharmaceutical factory. BioFirst is targeting to complete the construction
in 2025.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;As of December 31, 2024, the Company has not
earned any net licensing income or net sales profit earned by BioFirst under these collaborative agreements.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration:underline"&gt;Collaborative agreement with ForSeeCon
Eye Corporation, a related party&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;On March 25, 2024, the Company and BioFirst
each entered into a twenty-year, global definitive licensing agreement (the &#x201c;FEYE Licensing Agreement&#x201d;) with ForSeeCon Eye
Corporation, a company registered in the British Virgin Islands (&#x201c;FEYE&#x201d;) for the products in the Company and BioFirst&#x2019;s
Ophthalmology pipeline, including Vitargus (the &#x201c;Vitargus Products&#x201d;). The license covers the Vitargus Products&#x2019; clinical
trial, registration, manufacturing, supply, and distribution rights; FEYE also has the rights to sublicense or partner with a third party
to develop the Licensed Products. As per each of the respective FEYE Licensing Agreements, each of the Company and BioFirst shall receive
a total licensing fee of $33.5 million, composed of an upfront payment of $30 million, which can instead be paid with 5 million shares
of FEYE stock at $6 per share within 30 days after the execution of the FEYE Licensing Agreement, and a $3.5 million cash milestone payment,
due 30 days upon completion of next round fundraising. Additionally, each of the Company and BioFirst are eligible to receive royalties
of 5% of net sales.&#160;As of December 31, 2024, the Company received 5 million FEYE shares but did not recognize such licensing revenue
since the fair value of FEYE stock is uncertain.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;On June 18, 2024, the Company and BioFirst,
each entered into an amendment (the &lt;span style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal"&gt;&#x201c;Amendment&#x201d;) t&lt;/span&gt;o the Licensing
Agreement with FEYE, pursuant to which the Company and BioFirst have agreed to allow FEYE to pay the second milestone payment in the
amount of $3.5 million per Licensing Agreement, incrementally (such as $100,000), at any given time, rather than in one lump sum. During
year ended December 31, 2024, the Company received in cash and recognized revenue of $296,000, respectively, pursuant to the Amendment.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration:underline"&gt;Collaborative agreement with OncoX BiopPharma,
Inc., a related party&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;On April 16, 2024, the Company entered into
a definitive agreement with OncoX BioPharma, Inc., a private company registered in the British Virgin Islands (&#x201c;Oncox&#x201d;),
pursuant to which the Company will grant Oncox an exclusive right to develop and commercialize ABVC&#x2019;s single-herb botanical drug
extract from the dry fruit body of Maitake Mushroom (Grifola Frondosa) for treatment of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (the &#x201c;Lung Cancer
Products&#x201d;), within North America for 20 years (the &#x201c;April 2024 Oncox Agreement&#x201d;). In consideration thereof, Oncox shall
pay ABVC $6.25 million (or 1.25 million Oncox shares valued at $5 per share) 30 days after entering into the agreement and $625,000,
30 days following the completion of Oncox&#x2019;s next round of fundraising, of which there is no guarantee; ABVC is also entitled to
5% royalties based on the net sales, as defined in the April 2024 Oncox Agreement, from the first commercial sale of the Lung Cancer
Product in North America, of which there can be no guarantee. Oncox entered into another agreement with ABVC&#x2019;s affiliate, Rgene
Corporation, on the same terms. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company received in cash and recognized revenue of $200,000
pursuant to the agreement. At the time of transferring the license, the Company also received 1.25 million OncoX shares but did not recognize
such licensing revenue since the fair value of Oncox stock is uncertain.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;On May 8, 2024, the Company entered into a
definitive agreement with OncoX, pursuant to which the Company will grant Oncox an exclusive right to develop and commercialize ABVC&#x2019;s
BLEX 404 single-herb botanical drug extract from the dry fruit body of Maitake Mushroom (Grifola Frondosa) for treatment of Pancreatic
(the Pancreatic Product), within a certain territory, specified as 50% of the Worldwide Markets for 20 years (the &#x201c;May 8, 2024
Oncox Agreement&#x201d;). In consideration thereof, Oncox shall pay ABVC a total of $6.25 million (or 1.25 million Oncox shares valued
at $5 per share) within 30 days of entering into the May 8, 2024 Oncox Agreement, with an additional milestone payment of $625,000 in
cash after OncoX&#x2019;s next round of fundraising, of which there can be no guarantee. Oncox may remit cash payments of at least $100,000
towards the licensing fees and deductible from the second milestone payment; ABVC is also entitled to royalties of 5% of net sales, as
defined in the May 8, 2024 Oncox Agreement, from the first commercial sale of the Pancreatic Product in the noted territory, which remains
uncertain. The Company will permit Oncox to pay the license fee in installments or in a lump sum and will allow Oncox to use its revenue
to fund such payments. Oncox entered into another agreement with ABVC&#x2019;s affiliate, Rgene Corporation, on the same terms. At the
time of transferring the license, the Company also received 1.25 million OncoX shares but did not recognize such licensing revenue since
the fair value of Oncox stock is uncertain.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;On May 14, 2024, the Company and its subsidiary,
BioLite Inc (collectively, the &#x201c;licensor&#x201d;), each entered into a licensing agreement with OncoX, on the same terms, pursuant
to which the licensors will grant Oncox an exclusive right to develop and commercialize ABVC&#x2019;s BLEX 404 single-herb botanical drug
extract from the dry fruit body of Maitake Mushroom (Grifola Frondosa) for treatment of Tripple Negative Breast Cancer (the TNBC Product),
within a certain territory, specified as 50% of the Worldwide Markets for 20 years (the &#x201c;May 14, 2024 Oncox Agreements&#x201d;).
In each agreement for consideration thereof, Oncox shall pay each licensor a total of $6.25 million (or 1.25 million Oncox shares valued
at $5 per share) within 30 days of entering into the May 14, 2024 Oncox Agreements, with an additional milestone payment of $625,000
in cash after OncoX&#x2019;s next round of fundraising, of which there can be no guarantee. Oncox may remit cash payments of at least
$100,000 towards the licensing fees and deductible from the second milestone payment; each licensor is also entitled to royalties of
5% of net sales, from the first commercial sale of the TNBC Product in the noted territory, which remains uncertain. The Company will
permit Oncox to pay the license fee in installments or in a lump sum and will allow Oncox to use its revenue to fund such payments. At
the time of transferring the license, the Company and BioLite also each received 1.25 million OncoX shares but did not recognize such
licensing revenue since the fair value of Oncox stock is uncertain.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;On May 23, 2024, the Company and its subsidiary,
BioLite Inc (collectively, the &#x201c;licensor&#x201d;), each entered into a licensing agreement with OncoX, on the same terms, pursuant
to which the licensors will grant Oncox an exclusive right to develop and commercialize ABVC&#x2019;s BLEX 404 single-herb botanical drug
extract from the dry fruit body of Maitake Mushroom (Grifola Frondosa) for treatment of Myelodysplastic Syndrome (the &#x201c;MS Products&#x201d;),
within a certain territory, specified as 50% of the Worldwide Markets for 20 years (the &#x201c;May 23, 2024 Oncox Agreements&#x201d;).
In consideration thereof, Oncox shall pay each licensor a total of $6.25 million (or 1.25 million Oncox shares valued at $5 per share)
30 days after entering the May 23, 2024 Oncox Agreements, with an additional milestone payment of $625,000 in cash after OncoX&#x2019;s
next round of fundraising, of which there can be no guarantee. Oncox may remit cash payments of at least $100,000 towards the licensing
fees and deductible from the second milestone payment; each licensor is also entitled to royalties of 5% of net sales, from the first
commercial sale of the MS Product in the noted territory, which remains uncertain. Oncox may use its revenue to fund the licensing fees.
At the time of transferring the license, the Company and BioLite also each received 1.25 million OncoX shares but did not recognize such
licensing revenue since the fair value of Oncox stock is uncertain.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Above mentioned p&lt;span&gt;rice
of OncoX&#x2019;s shares was determined through private negotiations between the parties; no third-party valuation was completed.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:CollaborativeArrangementDisclosureTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:LongTermPurchaseCommitmentMilestones contextRef="c124" id="ixv-25016">On July 27, 2016, BioLite Taiwan and BHK agreed
to amend the payment terms of the milestone payment in an aggregate amount of $10 million based on the following schedule:

    &#160;
    &#x25cf;
    Upon the signing of
    the BHK Co-Development Agreement: $1 million, or 10% of total payment


    &#160;
    &#x25cf;
    Upon the first Investigational
    New Drug (IND) submission and BioLite Taiwan will deliver all data to BHK according to FDA Reviewing requirement: $1 million, or
    10% of total payment


    &#160;
    &#x25cf;
    At the completion of
    first phase II clinical trial: $1 million, or 10% of total payment


    &#160;
    &#x25cf;
    At the initiation of
    phase III of clinical trial research: $3 million, or 30% of total payment


    &#160;
    &#x25cf;
    Upon the New Drug Application
    (NDA) submission: $4 million, or 40% of total payment
  </us-gaap:LongTermPurchaseCommitmentMilestones>
    <abvc:NonrefundableUpfrontCashPayment
      contextRef="c125"
      decimals="-6"
      id="ixv-45824"
      unitRef="usd">1000000</abvc:NonrefundableUpfrontCashPayment>
    <abvc:PercentageOfPaymentsUnderCodevelopmentAgreement
      contextRef="c125"
      decimals="2"
      id="ixv-45825"
      unitRef="pure">0.10</abvc:PercentageOfPaymentsUnderCodevelopmentAgreement>
    <abvc:IssuanceOfStockValue
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      decimals="-6"
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      decimals="-6"
      id="ixv-45859"
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    <us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentDisclosureTextBlock contextRef="c7" id="ixv-25296">&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;5. PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT, AND PREPAMENT FOR ASSET ACQUISITION&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 23.75pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -23.75pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Property
and Equipment&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 23.75pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -23.75pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The Company has offices and labs located in
Taiwan, and a GMP manufacturing facility in Fremont, CA. Property and equipment as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 are summarized as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 23.75pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -23.75pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;December&#160;31,&lt;br/&gt;
    2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;December&#160;31,&lt;br/&gt;
    2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 76%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Land&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;338,966&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;363,416&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Buildings and leasehold improvements&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2,219,244&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2,227,431&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Machinery and equipment&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;1,131,169&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;1,138,675&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Office equipment&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;163,448&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;174,797&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;3,852,827&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;3,904,319&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Less: accumulated depreciation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(3,341,739&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(3,335,041&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify; padding-bottom: 4pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Property and equipment, net&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 4pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;511,088&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 4pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;569,278&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Depreciation expenses were $28,627&#160;and
$28,531 for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, Land with book value amounted
to approximately $338,966 and $363,416, respectively, were pledged for obtaining bank loan (see Notes 9 Bank loans).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 23.75pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -23.75pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Prepayment
for asset acquisition&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 23.75pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -23.75pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Prepayment for asset acquisition consists
of the properties in Chengdu, China. The Company entered into a cooperation agreement on August 14, 2023, with Zhong Hui Lian He Ji Tuan,
Ltd. (the &#x201c;Zhonghui&#x201d;). Pursuant thereto, the Company will acquire 20% of the ownership of certain property and a parcel of
the land, with a view to jointly develop the property into a healthcare center for senior living, long-term care, and medical care in
the areas of ABVC&#x2019;s special interests, such as Ophthalmology, Oncology, and Central Nervous Systems. The plan is to establish a
base for the China market and global development of these interests.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The valuation of such property is $37 million;
based on the Company&#x2019;s 20% ownership, the Company would acquire the value of $7,400,000. In exchange, the Company issued to Zhonghui
an aggregate of 370,000 shares (the &#x201c;Shares&#x201d;) of common stock, at a per share price of $20.0. The Shares are subject to a
lock-up period of one year following the closing date of the transaction. In addition, the parties agreed that, after one year following
the closing of the transaction, if the market value of the Shares or the value of the property increases or decreases, the parties will
negotiate in good faith to make reasonable adjustments. The Company&#x2019;s ownership rights to the property and the associated land
parcel, or a suitable replacement property, are safeguarded under the terms of the cooperation agreement, which is legally binding and
enforceable.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;As discussed in Note 2, the Company incorrectly
applied ASC 845 instead of ASC 718, resulting in an adjustment of the reported value to from $7,400,000 to $691,900, and reclassification
from Construction-in-Progress to Prepayment for Asset Acquisition.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The construction-in-progress property is planned
to finish before the end of 2025.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentDisclosureTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTextBlock contextRef="c7" id="ixv-25305">&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The Company has offices and labs located in
Taiwan, and a GMP manufacturing facility in Fremont, CA. Property and equipment as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 are summarized as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 23.75pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -23.75pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;December&#160;31,&lt;br/&gt;
    2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;December&#160;31,&lt;br/&gt;
    2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 76%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Land&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;338,966&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;363,416&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Buildings and leasehold improvements&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2,219,244&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2,227,431&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Machinery and equipment&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;1,131,169&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;1,138,675&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Office equipment&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;163,448&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;174,797&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;3,852,827&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;3,904,319&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Less: accumulated depreciation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(3,341,739&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(3,335,041&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify; padding-bottom: 4pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Property and equipment, net&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 4pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;511,088&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 4pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;569,278&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross contextRef="c169" decimals="0" id="ixv-45898" unitRef="usd">338966</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross>
    <us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross contextRef="c170" decimals="0" id="ixv-45899" unitRef="usd">363416</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross>
    <us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross contextRef="c173" decimals="0" id="ixv-45900" unitRef="usd">2219244</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross>
    <us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross contextRef="c174" decimals="0" id="ixv-45901" unitRef="usd">2227431</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross>
    <us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross contextRef="c175" decimals="0" id="ixv-45902" unitRef="usd">1131169</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross>
    <us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross contextRef="c176" decimals="0" id="ixv-45903" unitRef="usd">1138675</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross>
    <us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross contextRef="c177" decimals="0" id="ixv-45904" unitRef="usd">163448</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross>
    <us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross contextRef="c178" decimals="0" id="ixv-45905" unitRef="usd">174797</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross>
    <us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross contextRef="c1" decimals="0" id="ixv-45906" unitRef="usd">3852827</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross>
    <us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross contextRef="c2" decimals="0" id="ixv-45907" unitRef="usd">3904319</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross>
    <us-gaap:AccumulatedDepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationPropertyPlantAndEquipment contextRef="c1" decimals="0" id="ixv-45908" unitRef="usd">3341739</us-gaap:AccumulatedDepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationPropertyPlantAndEquipment>
    <us-gaap:AccumulatedDepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationPropertyPlantAndEquipment contextRef="c2" decimals="0" id="ixv-45909" unitRef="usd">3335041</us-gaap:AccumulatedDepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationPropertyPlantAndEquipment>
    <us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentOtherNet contextRef="c1" decimals="0" id="ixv-45910" unitRef="usd">511088</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentOtherNet>
    <us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentOtherNet contextRef="c2" decimals="0" id="ixv-45911" unitRef="usd">569278</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentOtherNet>
    <us-gaap:Depreciation contextRef="c167" decimals="0" id="ixv-45912" unitRef="usd">28627</us-gaap:Depreciation>
    <us-gaap:Depreciation contextRef="c168" decimals="0" id="ixv-45913" unitRef="usd">28531</us-gaap:Depreciation>
    <us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross contextRef="c169" decimals="0" id="ixv-45914" unitRef="usd">338966</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross>
    <us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross contextRef="c170" decimals="0" id="ixv-45915" unitRef="usd">363416</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross>
    <us-gaap:SaleOfStockPercentageOfOwnershipAfterTransaction
      contextRef="c167"
      decimals="2"
      id="ixv-45916"
      unitRef="pure">0.20</us-gaap:SaleOfStockPercentageOfOwnershipAfterTransaction>
    <us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsPropertyPlantAndEquipment contextRef="c1" decimals="-6" id="ixv-45917" unitRef="usd">37000000</us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsPropertyPlantAndEquipment>
    <us-gaap:EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage
      contextRef="c171"
      decimals="2"
      id="ixv-45918"
      unitRef="pure">0.20</us-gaap:EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage>
    <us-gaap:FairValueOfAssetsAcquired contextRef="c172" decimals="0" id="ixv-45919" unitRef="usd">7400000</us-gaap:FairValueOfAssetsAcquired>
    <us-gaap:CommonStockCapitalSharesReservedForFutureIssuance
      contextRef="c171"
      decimals="0"
      id="ixv-45920"
      unitRef="shares">370000</us-gaap:CommonStockCapitalSharesReservedForFutureIssuance>
    <us-gaap:SharePrice
      contextRef="c171"
      decimals="1"
      id="ixv-45921"
      unitRef="usdPershares">20</us-gaap:SharePrice>
    <us-gaap:ConstructionInProgressGross contextRef="c96" decimals="0" id="ixv-45922" unitRef="usd">7400000</us-gaap:ConstructionInProgressGross>
    <us-gaap:ConstructionInProgressGross contextRef="c97" decimals="0" id="ixv-45923" unitRef="usd">691900</us-gaap:ConstructionInProgressGross>
    <us-gaap:InvestmentTextBlock contextRef="c7" id="ixv-25505">&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 23.75pt; text-indent: -23.75pt"&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;6. LONG-TERM INVESTMENTS&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 23.75pt; text-indent: -23.75pt"&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt; &lt;td style="width: 24px"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(1)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The ownership percentages of each investee are listed as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/table&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Ownership percentage&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;December&#160;31,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;December&#160;31,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Accounting&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Name of investees&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;treatments&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt; &lt;td style="width: 64%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Braingenesis Biotechnology Co., Ltd.*&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;0.17&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;0.17&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="width: 11%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Cost Method&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Genepharm Biotech Corporation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;0.67&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;0.67&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Cost Method&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;BioHopeKing Corporation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;5.90&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;5.90&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Cost Method&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;ForSeeCon Eye Corporation (see Note 10)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;19.78&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-268"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Cost Method&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;BioFirst Corporation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;18.68&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;18.68&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Equity&#160;Method&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;OncoX BioPharma, Inc. (see Note 10)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;24.97&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-269"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Equity Method&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Rgene Corporation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;26.65&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;26.65&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Equity Method&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/table&gt;


&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 0in"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;*&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;This company was acquired by Canal Biotech Corporation Inc. Our stock is in the process of replacement with the stock of the acquired company and the ownership percentage is subject to change.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt; &lt;td style="width: 24px"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(2)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The extent the investee relies on the company for its business is summarized as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/table&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 30%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Name of investees&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: justify; width: 69%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;The extent the investee relies on the Company for its business &#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Braingenesis Biotechnology Co., Ltd.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;No specific business relationship&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top; "&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Genepharm Biotech Corporation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;No specific business relationship&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;BioHopeKing Corporation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Collaborating with the Company to develop and commercialize drugs (referring to Note 4, Collaborative Agreements)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top; "&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;BioLite Japan K.K.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The Company&#x2019;s joint venture noncontrolling subsidiary perform research and development activities and explore business opportunities in Japan &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;ForSeeCon Eye Corporation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Collaborating with the Company to develop and commercialize ophthalmic medical devices (referring to Note 4, Collaborative Agreements)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top; "&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;BioFirst Corporation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Loaned from the investee and provides research and development support service&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;OncoX BioPharma, Inc. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Collaborating with the Company to develop and commercialize single-herb botanical drug for treatment of certain diseases (referring to Note 4, Collaborative Agreements)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top; "&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Rgene Corporation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Collaborating with the Company to develop and commercialize drugs (referring to Note 4, Collaborative Agreements)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/table&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt; &lt;td style="width: 24px"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(3)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Long-term investment mainly consists of the following:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/table&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;December&#160;31,&lt;br/&gt;
    2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;December&#160;31,&lt;br/&gt;
    2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Non-marketable Cost Method Investments, net&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 76%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-left: 9pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Braingenesis Biotechnology Co., Ltd.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;6,727&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;7,213&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-left: 9pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Genepharm Biotech Corporation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;20,540&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;22,021&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-left: 9pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;ForSeeCon
    Eye Corporation&lt;sup&gt;(d) &lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-270"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-271"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; padding-left: 9pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;BioHopeKing Corporation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;762,983&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;818,018&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; padding-left: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Subtotal&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;790,250&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;847,252&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Equity Method Investments, net&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-left: 9pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;BioFirst
    Corporation&lt;sup&gt;(a)&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;1,468,504&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;1,680,488&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-left: 9pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Rgene
    Corporation&lt;sup&gt;(b)&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-272"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-273"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-left: 9pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;BioLite
    Japan K.K. (BioLite JP)&lt;sup&gt;(c)&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-274"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-275"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; padding-left: 9pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;OncoX
    BioPharma, Inc.&lt;sup&gt;(e)&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-276"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-277"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 4pt; padding-left: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Total&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 4pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2,258,754&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 4pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2,527,740&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt; &lt;td style="width: 24px"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(a)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;BioFirst Corporation (the &#x201c;BioFirst&#x201d;):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/table&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The Company holds an equity interest
in BioFirst Corporation, accounting for its equity interest using the equity method to accounts for its equity investment as prescribed
in ASC 323, Investments&#x2014;Equity Method and Joint Ventures (&#x201c;ASC 323&#x201d;). Equity method adjustments include the Company&#x2019;s
proportionate share of investee&#x2019;s income or loss and other adjustments required by the equity method. As of December 31, 2024 and
2023, the Company owns 18.68% and 18.68% common stock shares of BioFirst, respectively. The Company made a prepayment for equity investment
in BioFirst to purchase additional shares to be issued by BioFirst in the aggregate amount of $2,688,578, recorded as prepayment for
long-term investments as of December 31, 2022. On July 19, 2023, the Company successfully completed the registration process for this
investment. The initial prepayment was $1,895,556, which is a portion of the prepayment as of December 31, 2022, and was converted into
994,450 shares of BioFirst stock. As of December 31, 2024, the amount of prepayment for long-term investments in Biofirst is $1,124,842.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Summarized unaudited financial information
for the Company&#x2019;s equity method investee, BioFirst, is as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 5.4pt"&gt;&lt;i style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;i style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Balance Sheets&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;December&#160;31,&lt;br/&gt; 2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;December&#160;31,&lt;br/&gt; 2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt; &lt;td style="width: 76%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Current Assets&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;1,323,952&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;1,451,877&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Non-current Assets&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;1,083,472&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;686,206&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Current Liabilities&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;3,508,413&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2,286,058&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Non-current Liabilities&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;114,606&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;347,193&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Stockholders&#x2019; Deficit&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(1,215,595&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(495,168&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;i style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Statements of operations&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Year Ended&lt;br/&gt; December 31,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 76%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Net sales&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;357&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;734&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Gross profit&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;216&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;289&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Net loss&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(770,877&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(1,194,797&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Share of losses from investments accounted for using the equity method&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(339,171&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(221,888&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt; &lt;td style="width: 24px"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(b)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Rgene Corporation (the &#x201c;Rgene&#x201d;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/table&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Both Rgene and the Company are
under common control by Dr. Tsung-Shann Jiang, the CEO and chairman of the BioLite Inc. Since Dr. Tsung-Shann Jiang is able to exercise
significant influence, but not control, over the Rgene, the Company determined to use the equity method to accounts for its equity investment
as prescribed in ASC 323, Investments&#x2014;Equity Method and Joint Ventures (&#x201c;ASC 323&#x201d;). Equity method adjustments include
the Company&#x2019;s proportionate share of investee&#x2019;s income or loss and other adjustments required by the equity method. As of
December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company owns 26.65% and 26.65% common stock shares of Rgene, respectively.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Summarized unaudited financial information
for the Company&#x2019;s equity method investee, Rgene, is as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;i style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Balance Sheets&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;December&#160;31,&lt;br/&gt; 2024&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;December&#160;31,&lt;br/&gt; 2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF"&gt; &lt;td style="width: 72%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Current Assets&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="width: 11%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;46,491&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="width: 11%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;50,538&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Non-current Assets&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;222,988&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;250,716&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF"&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Current Liabilities&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;1,546,123&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;2,591,960&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Non-current Liabilities&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;319&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;811&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF"&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Shareholders&#x2019; Deficit&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(1,276,963&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(2,291,517&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/table&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;i style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Statements of operations&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Year
    Ended&lt;br/&gt;
    December 31,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2024&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Net sales&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-278"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-279"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Gross Profit&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-280"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-281"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 78%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Net loss&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 8%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(118,367&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 8%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(1,550,123&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Share of loss from investments accounted for using
    the equity method&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-282"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-283"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 24px"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(4)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Disposition of long-term
    investment&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;During the years ended December
31, 2024 and 2023, there is no disposition of long-term investment.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 0px"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 24px"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(5)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Loss on investment in
    equity securities&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The components of loss on investment in equity
securities for each period were as follows (not recognized since the carrying value of the investment was reduced to $0):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Year Ended&lt;br/&gt;
    December 31,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 76%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Share of equity method investee losses&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(339,171&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(221,888&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt; &lt;td style="width: 24px"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(c)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;BioLite Japan K.K. (BioLite JP)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/table&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;In October 2021, the Company, Lucidaim
Co., Ltd., a Japanese corporation (&#x201c;Lucidaim,&#x201d; together with the Company, the &#x201c;Shareholders&#x201d;), and BioLite Japan
K.K., a Japanese corporation (&#x201c;BioLite JP&#x201d;) entered into a Joint Venture Agreement. BioLite JP is a private limited company
incorporated on December 18, 2018. The business of the joint venture is the research and development of drugs, medical device and digital
media, investment, fund running and consulting, distribution and marketing of supplements carried on by BioLite JP and its subsidiaries
in Japan, or any other territory or businesses. At the date of the Agreement, BioLite JP has 10,000 ordinary shares authorized, with
3,049 ordinary shares issued and outstanding (the &#x201c;Ordinary Shares&#x201d;). Pursuant to the Agreement and the related share transfer
agreement, Lucidaim shall own 1,555 Ordinary Shares (51%) and the Company shall own 1,494 Ordinary Shares (49%). The Company paid $150,000
towards the setup of the joint venture; BioLite Japan&#x2019;s other shareholder also paid $150,000 after the Letter of Intent was signed.
This prepayment is booked in prepayment for investment. As of December 31, 2024, the Company evaluated the investee&#x2019;s business
and financial conditions and determined to fully impair such prepayment.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt; &lt;td style="width: 24px; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(d)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;ForSeeCon Eye Corporation (FEYE)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/table&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;FEYE is a private company registered
in the British Virgin Islands, focusing on the field of diagnosis and treatment of eye disorders, with its main product of Vitargus.
The Company granted FEYE certain licensed products in exchange of FEYE ownership. See Note 4 for detail of such transactions.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt; &lt;td style="width: 24px; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(e)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;OncoX BioPharma, Inc. (OncoX)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/table&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;OncoX is a private company registered
in the British Virgin Islands, focusing on oncology trials and drug development across Asia-Pacific. The Company granted OncoX certain
licensed products in exchange of OncoX&#x2019;s ownership. See Note 4 for detail of such transactions.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:InvestmentTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:ScheduleOfOtherOwnershipInterestsTextBlock contextRef="c7" id="ixv-25515">&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The ownership percentages of each investee are listed as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Ownership percentage&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;December&#160;31,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;December&#160;31,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Accounting&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Name of investees&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;treatments&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt; &lt;td style="width: 64%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Braingenesis Biotechnology Co., Ltd.*&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;0.17&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;0.17&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="width: 11%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Cost Method&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Genepharm Biotech Corporation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;0.67&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;0.67&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Cost Method&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;BioHopeKing Corporation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;5.90&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;5.90&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Cost Method&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;ForSeeCon Eye Corporation (see Note 10)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;19.78&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-268"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Cost Method&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;BioFirst Corporation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;18.68&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;18.68&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Equity&#160;Method&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;OncoX BioPharma, Inc. (see Note 10)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;24.97&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-269"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Equity Method&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Rgene Corporation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;26.65&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;26.65&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Equity Method&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/table&gt;


&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 0in"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;*&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;This company was acquired by Canal Biotech Corporation Inc. Our stock is in the process of replacement with the stock of the acquired company and the ownership percentage is subject to change.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;</us-gaap:ScheduleOfOtherOwnershipInterestsTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage
      contextRef="c189"
      decimals="4"
      id="ix_40_fact"
      unitRef="pure">0.0017</us-gaap:EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage>
    <us-gaap:EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage
      contextRef="c190"
      decimals="4"
      id="ix_41_fact"
      unitRef="pure">0.0017</us-gaap:EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage>
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    <us-gaap:EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage
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      decimals="4"
      id="ixv-45926"
      unitRef="pure">0.0067</us-gaap:EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage>
    <us-gaap:EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage
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      decimals="4"
      id="ixv-45927"
      unitRef="pure">0.0067</us-gaap:EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage>
    <us-gaap:EquityMethodInvestmentAdditionalInformation contextRef="c194" id="ixv-25618">Cost Method</us-gaap:EquityMethodInvestmentAdditionalInformation>
    <us-gaap:EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage
      contextRef="c195"
      decimals="4"
      id="ixv-45928"
      unitRef="pure">0.059</us-gaap:EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage>
    <us-gaap:EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage
      contextRef="c196"
      decimals="4"
      id="ixv-45929"
      unitRef="pure">0.059</us-gaap:EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage>
    <us-gaap:EquityMethodInvestmentAdditionalInformation contextRef="c197" id="ixv-25642">Cost Method</us-gaap:EquityMethodInvestmentAdditionalInformation>
    <us-gaap:EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage
      contextRef="c198"
      decimals="4"
      id="ixv-45930"
      unitRef="pure">0.1978</us-gaap:EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage>
    <us-gaap:EquityMethodInvestmentAdditionalInformation contextRef="c200" id="ixv-25668">Cost Method</us-gaap:EquityMethodInvestmentAdditionalInformation>
    <us-gaap:EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage
      contextRef="c185"
      decimals="4"
      id="ixv-45931"
      unitRef="pure">0.1868</us-gaap:EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage>
    <us-gaap:EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage
      contextRef="c201"
      decimals="4"
      id="ixv-45932"
      unitRef="pure">0.1868</us-gaap:EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage>
    <us-gaap:EquityMethodInvestmentAdditionalInformation contextRef="c179" id="ixv-25692">Equity&#160;Method</us-gaap:EquityMethodInvestmentAdditionalInformation>
    <us-gaap:EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage
      contextRef="c202"
      decimals="4"
      id="ixv-45933"
      unitRef="pure">0.2497</us-gaap:EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage>
    <us-gaap:EquityMethodInvestmentAdditionalInformation contextRef="c204" id="ixv-25717">Equity Method</us-gaap:EquityMethodInvestmentAdditionalInformation>
    <us-gaap:EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage
      contextRef="c140"
      decimals="4"
      id="ixv-45934"
      unitRef="pure">0.2665</us-gaap:EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage>
    <us-gaap:EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage
      contextRef="c205"
      decimals="4"
      id="ixv-45935"
      unitRef="pure">0.2665</us-gaap:EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage>
    <us-gaap:EquityMethodInvestmentAdditionalInformation contextRef="c206" id="ixv-25741">Equity Method</us-gaap:EquityMethodInvestmentAdditionalInformation>
    <abvc:ScheduleOfExtentTheInvesteeReliesTableTextBlock contextRef="c7" id="ixv-25760">&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The extent the investee relies on the company for its business is summarized as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 30%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Name of investees&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: justify; width: 69%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;The extent the investee relies on the Company for its business &#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Braingenesis Biotechnology Co., Ltd.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;No specific business relationship&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top; "&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Genepharm Biotech Corporation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;No specific business relationship&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;BioHopeKing Corporation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Collaborating with the Company to develop and commercialize drugs (referring to Note 4, Collaborative Agreements)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top; "&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;BioLite Japan K.K.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The Company&#x2019;s joint venture noncontrolling subsidiary perform research and development activities and explore business opportunities in Japan &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;ForSeeCon Eye Corporation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Collaborating with the Company to develop and commercialize ophthalmic medical devices (referring to Note 4, Collaborative Agreements)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top; "&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;BioFirst Corporation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Loaned from the investee and provides research and development support service&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;OncoX BioPharma, Inc. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Collaborating with the Company to develop and commercialize single-herb botanical drug for treatment of certain diseases (referring to Note 4, Collaborative Agreements)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top; "&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Rgene Corporation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Collaborating with the Company to develop and commercialize drugs (referring to Note 4, Collaborative Agreements)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/table&gt;</abvc:ScheduleOfExtentTheInvesteeReliesTableTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:RelatedPartyTransactionDescriptionOfTransaction contextRef="c207" id="ixv-25782">No specific business relationship</us-gaap:RelatedPartyTransactionDescriptionOfTransaction>
    <us-gaap:RelatedPartyTransactionDescriptionOfTransaction contextRef="c208" id="ixv-25790">No specific business relationship</us-gaap:RelatedPartyTransactionDescriptionOfTransaction>
    <us-gaap:RelatedPartyTransactionDescriptionOfTransaction contextRef="c209" id="ixv-25798">Collaborating with the Company to develop and commercialize drugs (referring to Note 4, Collaborative Agreements)</us-gaap:RelatedPartyTransactionDescriptionOfTransaction>
    <us-gaap:RelatedPartyTransactionDescriptionOfTransaction contextRef="c210" id="ixv-45936">The Company&#x2019;s joint venture noncontrolling subsidiary perform research and development activities and explore business opportunities in Japan</us-gaap:RelatedPartyTransactionDescriptionOfTransaction>
    <us-gaap:RelatedPartyTransactionDescriptionOfTransaction contextRef="c211" id="ixv-25813">Collaborating with the Company to develop and commercialize ophthalmic medical devices (referring to Note 4, Collaborative Agreements)</us-gaap:RelatedPartyTransactionDescriptionOfTransaction>
    <us-gaap:RelatedPartyTransactionDescriptionOfTransaction contextRef="c212" id="ixv-25821">Loaned from the investee and provides research and development support service</us-gaap:RelatedPartyTransactionDescriptionOfTransaction>
    <us-gaap:RelatedPartyTransactionDescriptionOfTransaction contextRef="c213" id="ixv-25829">Collaborating with the Company to develop and commercialize single-herb botanical drug for treatment of certain diseases (referring to Note 4, Collaborative Agreements)</us-gaap:RelatedPartyTransactionDescriptionOfTransaction>
    <us-gaap:RelatedPartyTransactionDescriptionOfTransaction contextRef="c214" id="ixv-25837">Collaborating with the Company to develop and commercialize drugs (referring to Note 4, Collaborative Agreements)</us-gaap:RelatedPartyTransactionDescriptionOfTransaction>
    <us-gaap:InvestmentTableTextBlock contextRef="c7" id="ixv-25862">&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Long-term investment mainly consists of the following:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;December&#160;31,&lt;br/&gt;
    2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;December&#160;31,&lt;br/&gt;
    2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Non-marketable Cost Method Investments, net&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 76%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-left: 9pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Braingenesis Biotechnology Co., Ltd.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;6,727&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;7,213&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-left: 9pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Genepharm Biotech Corporation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;20,540&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;22,021&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-left: 9pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;ForSeeCon
    Eye Corporation&lt;sup&gt;(d) &lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-270"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-271"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; padding-left: 9pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;BioHopeKing Corporation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;762,983&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;818,018&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; padding-left: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Subtotal&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;790,250&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;847,252&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Equity Method Investments, net&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-left: 9pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;BioFirst
    Corporation&lt;sup&gt;(a)&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;1,468,504&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;1,680,488&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-left: 9pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Rgene
    Corporation&lt;sup&gt;(b)&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-272"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-273"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-left: 9pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;BioLite
    Japan K.K. (BioLite JP)&lt;sup&gt;(c)&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-274"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-275"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; padding-left: 9pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;OncoX
    BioPharma, Inc.&lt;sup&gt;(e)&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-276"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-277"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 4pt; padding-left: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Total&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 4pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2,258,754&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 4pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2,527,740&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt; &lt;td style="width: 24px"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(a)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;BioFirst Corporation (the &#x201c;BioFirst&#x201d;):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/table&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The Company holds an equity interest
in BioFirst Corporation, accounting for its equity interest using the equity method to accounts for its equity investment as prescribed
in ASC 323, Investments&#x2014;Equity Method and Joint Ventures (&#x201c;ASC 323&#x201d;). Equity method adjustments include the Company&#x2019;s
proportionate share of investee&#x2019;s income or loss and other adjustments required by the equity method. As of December 31, 2024 and
2023, the Company owns 18.68% and 18.68% common stock shares of BioFirst, respectively. The Company made a prepayment for equity investment
in BioFirst to purchase additional shares to be issued by BioFirst in the aggregate amount of $2,688,578, recorded as prepayment for
long-term investments as of December 31, 2022. On July 19, 2023, the Company successfully completed the registration process for this
investment. The initial prepayment was $1,895,556, which is a portion of the prepayment as of December 31, 2022, and was converted into
994,450 shares of BioFirst stock. As of December 31, 2024, the amount of prepayment for long-term investments in Biofirst is $1,124,842.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt; &lt;td style="width: 24px"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(b)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Rgene Corporation (the &#x201c;Rgene&#x201d;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/table&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Both Rgene and the Company are
under common control by Dr. Tsung-Shann Jiang, the CEO and chairman of the BioLite Inc. Since Dr. Tsung-Shann Jiang is able to exercise
significant influence, but not control, over the Rgene, the Company determined to use the equity method to accounts for its equity investment
as prescribed in ASC 323, Investments&#x2014;Equity Method and Joint Ventures (&#x201c;ASC 323&#x201d;). Equity method adjustments include
the Company&#x2019;s proportionate share of investee&#x2019;s income or loss and other adjustments required by the equity method. As of
December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company owns 26.65% and 26.65% common stock shares of Rgene, respectively.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt; &lt;td style="width: 24px"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(c)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;BioLite Japan K.K. (BioLite JP)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/table&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;In October 2021, the Company, Lucidaim
Co., Ltd., a Japanese corporation (&#x201c;Lucidaim,&#x201d; together with the Company, the &#x201c;Shareholders&#x201d;), and BioLite Japan
K.K., a Japanese corporation (&#x201c;BioLite JP&#x201d;) entered into a Joint Venture Agreement. BioLite JP is a private limited company
incorporated on December 18, 2018. The business of the joint venture is the research and development of drugs, medical device and digital
media, investment, fund running and consulting, distribution and marketing of supplements carried on by BioLite JP and its subsidiaries
in Japan, or any other territory or businesses. At the date of the Agreement, BioLite JP has 10,000 ordinary shares authorized, with
3,049 ordinary shares issued and outstanding (the &#x201c;Ordinary Shares&#x201d;). Pursuant to the Agreement and the related share transfer
agreement, Lucidaim shall own 1,555 Ordinary Shares (51%) and the Company shall own 1,494 Ordinary Shares (49%). The Company paid $150,000
towards the setup of the joint venture; BioLite Japan&#x2019;s other shareholder also paid $150,000 after the Letter of Intent was signed.
This prepayment is booked in prepayment for investment. As of December 31, 2024, the Company evaluated the investee&#x2019;s business
and financial conditions and determined to fully impair such prepayment.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt; &lt;td style="width: 24px; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(d)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;ForSeeCon Eye Corporation (FEYE)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/table&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;FEYE is a private company registered
in the British Virgin Islands, focusing on the field of diagnosis and treatment of eye disorders, with its main product of Vitargus.
The Company granted FEYE certain licensed products in exchange of FEYE ownership. See Note 4 for detail of such transactions.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt; &lt;td style="width: 24px; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(e)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;OncoX BioPharma, Inc. (OncoX)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/table&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;OncoX is a private company registered
in the British Virgin Islands, focusing on oncology trials and drug development across Asia-Pacific. The Company granted OncoX certain
licensed products in exchange of OncoX&#x2019;s ownership. See Note 4 for detail of such transactions.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:InvestmentTableTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesNoncurrent contextRef="c215" decimals="0" id="ixv-45937" unitRef="usd">6727</us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesNoncurrent>
    <us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesNoncurrent contextRef="c216" decimals="0" id="ixv-45938" unitRef="usd">7213</us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesNoncurrent>
    <us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesNoncurrent contextRef="c217" decimals="0" id="ixv-45939" unitRef="usd">20540</us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesNoncurrent>
    <us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesNoncurrent contextRef="c218" decimals="0" id="ixv-45940" unitRef="usd">22021</us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesNoncurrent>
    <us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesNoncurrent contextRef="c221" decimals="0" id="ixv-45941" unitRef="usd">762983</us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesNoncurrent>
    <us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesNoncurrent contextRef="c222" decimals="0" id="ixv-45942" unitRef="usd">818018</us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesNoncurrent>
    <us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesNoncurrent contextRef="c1" decimals="0" id="ixv-45943" unitRef="usd">790250</us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesNoncurrent>
    <us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesNoncurrent contextRef="c2" decimals="0" id="ixv-45944" unitRef="usd">847252</us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesNoncurrent>
    <us-gaap:LongTermInvestments
      contextRef="c223"
      decimals="0"
      id="ix_43_fact"
      unitRef="usd">1468504</us-gaap:LongTermInvestments>
    <us-gaap:LongTermInvestments
      contextRef="c224"
      decimals="0"
      id="ix_44_fact"
      unitRef="usd">1680488</us-gaap:LongTermInvestments>
    <us-gaap:LongTermInvestments contextRef="c1" decimals="0" id="ixv-45947" unitRef="usd">2258754</us-gaap:LongTermInvestments>
    <us-gaap:LongTermInvestments contextRef="c2" decimals="0" id="ixv-45948" unitRef="usd">2527740</us-gaap:LongTermInvestments>
    <abvc:PercentageCommonStocksShares
      contextRef="c179"
      decimals="4"
      id="ixv-45949"
      unitRef="pure">0.1868</abvc:PercentageCommonStocksShares>
    <abvc:PercentageCommonStocksShares
      contextRef="c180"
      decimals="4"
      id="ixv-45950"
      unitRef="pure">0.1868</abvc:PercentageCommonStocksShares>
    <us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueAcquisitions contextRef="c181" decimals="0" id="ixv-45951" unitRef="usd">2688578</us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueAcquisitions>
    <us-gaap:PrepaymentFeesOnAdvancesNet contextRef="c181" decimals="0" id="ixv-45952" unitRef="usd">1895556</us-gaap:PrepaymentFeesOnAdvancesNet>
    <us-gaap:ConversionOfStockSharesConverted1
      contextRef="c181"
      decimals="0"
      id="ixv-45953"
      unitRef="shares">994450</us-gaap:ConversionOfStockSharesConverted1>
    <us-gaap:PrepaymentFeesOnAdvancesNet contextRef="c179" decimals="0" id="ixv-45954" unitRef="usd">1124842</us-gaap:PrepaymentFeesOnAdvancesNet>
    <srt:CondensedStatementOfComprehensiveIncomeTableTextBlock contextRef="c7" id="ixv-26137">&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Summarized unaudited financial information
for the Company&#x2019;s equity method investee, BioFirst, is as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Year Ended&lt;br/&gt; December 31,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 76%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Net sales&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;357&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;734&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Gross profit&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;216&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;289&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Net loss&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(770,877&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(1,194,797&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Share of losses from investments accounted for using the equity method&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(339,171&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(221,888&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Summarized unaudited financial information
for the Company&#x2019;s equity method investee, Rgene, is as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Year
    Ended&lt;br/&gt;
    December 31,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2024&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Net sales&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-278"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-279"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Gross Profit&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-280"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-281"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 78%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Net loss&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 8%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(118,367&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 8%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(1,550,123&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Share of loss from investments accounted for using
    the equity method&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-282"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-283"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;</srt:CondensedStatementOfComprehensiveIncomeTableTextBlock>
    <srt:ScheduleOfCondensedBalanceSheetTableTextBlock contextRef="c7" id="ixv-26138">&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Summarized unaudited financial information
for the Company&#x2019;s equity method investee, BioFirst, is as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;December&#160;31,&lt;br/&gt; 2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;December&#160;31,&lt;br/&gt; 2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt; &lt;td style="width: 76%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Current Assets&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;1,323,952&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;1,451,877&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Non-current Assets&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;1,083,472&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;686,206&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Current Liabilities&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;3,508,413&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2,286,058&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Non-current Liabilities&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;114,606&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;347,193&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Stockholders&#x2019; Deficit&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(1,215,595&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(495,168&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/table&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Summarized unaudited financial information
for the Company&#x2019;s equity method investee, Rgene, is as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;December&#160;31,&lt;br/&gt; 2024&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;December&#160;31,&lt;br/&gt; 2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF"&gt; &lt;td style="width: 72%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Current Assets&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="width: 11%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;46,491&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="width: 11%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;50,538&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Non-current Assets&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;222,988&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;250,716&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF"&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Current Liabilities&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;1,546,123&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;2,591,960&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Non-current Liabilities&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;319&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;811&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF"&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Shareholders&#x2019; Deficit&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(1,276,963&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(2,291,517&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/table&gt;</srt:ScheduleOfCondensedBalanceSheetTableTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:AssetsCurrent contextRef="c231" decimals="0" id="ixv-45955" unitRef="usd">1323952</us-gaap:AssetsCurrent>
    <us-gaap:AssetsCurrent contextRef="c232" decimals="0" id="ixv-45956" unitRef="usd">1451877</us-gaap:AssetsCurrent>
    <us-gaap:AssetsNoncurrent contextRef="c231" decimals="0" id="ixv-45957" unitRef="usd">1083472</us-gaap:AssetsNoncurrent>
    <us-gaap:AssetsNoncurrent contextRef="c232" decimals="0" id="ixv-45958" unitRef="usd">686206</us-gaap:AssetsNoncurrent>
    <us-gaap:LiabilitiesCurrent contextRef="c231" decimals="0" id="ixv-45959" unitRef="usd">3508413</us-gaap:LiabilitiesCurrent>
    <us-gaap:LiabilitiesCurrent contextRef="c232" decimals="0" id="ixv-45960" unitRef="usd">2286058</us-gaap:LiabilitiesCurrent>
    <us-gaap:LiabilitiesNoncurrent contextRef="c231" decimals="0" id="ixv-45961" unitRef="usd">114606</us-gaap:LiabilitiesNoncurrent>
    <us-gaap:LiabilitiesNoncurrent contextRef="c232" decimals="0" id="ixv-45962" unitRef="usd">347193</us-gaap:LiabilitiesNoncurrent>
    <us-gaap:StockholdersEquity contextRef="c231" decimals="0" id="ixv-45963" unitRef="usd">-1215595</us-gaap:StockholdersEquity>
    <us-gaap:StockholdersEquity contextRef="c232" decimals="0" id="ixv-45964" unitRef="usd">-495168</us-gaap:StockholdersEquity>
    <us-gaap:Revenues contextRef="c235" decimals="0" id="ixv-45965" unitRef="usd">357</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues contextRef="c236" decimals="0" id="ixv-45966" unitRef="usd">734</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:GrossProfit contextRef="c235" decimals="0" id="ixv-45967" unitRef="usd">216</us-gaap:GrossProfit>
    <us-gaap:GrossProfit contextRef="c236" decimals="0" id="ixv-45968" unitRef="usd">289</us-gaap:GrossProfit>
    <us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss contextRef="c235" decimals="0" id="ixv-45969" unitRef="usd">-770877</us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss>
    <us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss contextRef="c236" decimals="0" id="ixv-45970" unitRef="usd">-1194797</us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss>
    <us-gaap:IncomeLossFromEquityMethodInvestments contextRef="c235" decimals="0" id="ixv-45971" unitRef="usd">-339171</us-gaap:IncomeLossFromEquityMethodInvestments>
    <us-gaap:IncomeLossFromEquityMethodInvestments contextRef="c236" decimals="0" id="ixv-45972" unitRef="usd">-221888</us-gaap:IncomeLossFromEquityMethodInvestments>
    <abvc:PercentageCommonStocksShares
      contextRef="c182"
      decimals="4"
      id="ixv-45973"
      unitRef="pure">0.2665</abvc:PercentageCommonStocksShares>
    <abvc:PercentageCommonStocksShares
      contextRef="c183"
      decimals="4"
      id="ixv-45974"
      unitRef="pure">0.2665</abvc:PercentageCommonStocksShares>
    <us-gaap:AssetsCurrent contextRef="c233" decimals="0" id="ixv-45975" unitRef="usd">46491</us-gaap:AssetsCurrent>
    <us-gaap:AssetsCurrent contextRef="c234" decimals="0" id="ixv-45976" unitRef="usd">50538</us-gaap:AssetsCurrent>
    <us-gaap:AssetsNoncurrent contextRef="c233" decimals="0" id="ixv-45977" unitRef="usd">222988</us-gaap:AssetsNoncurrent>
    <us-gaap:AssetsNoncurrent contextRef="c234" decimals="0" id="ixv-45978" unitRef="usd">250716</us-gaap:AssetsNoncurrent>
    <us-gaap:LiabilitiesCurrent contextRef="c233" decimals="0" id="ixv-45979" unitRef="usd">1546123</us-gaap:LiabilitiesCurrent>
    <us-gaap:LiabilitiesCurrent contextRef="c234" decimals="0" id="ixv-45980" unitRef="usd">2591960</us-gaap:LiabilitiesCurrent>
    <us-gaap:LiabilitiesNoncurrent contextRef="c233" decimals="0" id="ixv-45981" unitRef="usd">319</us-gaap:LiabilitiesNoncurrent>
    <us-gaap:LiabilitiesNoncurrent contextRef="c234" decimals="0" id="ixv-45982" unitRef="usd">811</us-gaap:LiabilitiesNoncurrent>
    <us-gaap:StockholdersEquity contextRef="c233" decimals="0" id="ixv-45983" unitRef="usd">-1276963</us-gaap:StockholdersEquity>
    <us-gaap:StockholdersEquity contextRef="c234" decimals="0" id="ixv-45984" unitRef="usd">-2291517</us-gaap:StockholdersEquity>
    <us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss contextRef="c237" decimals="0" id="ixv-45985" unitRef="usd">-118367</us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss>
    <us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss contextRef="c238" decimals="0" id="ixv-45986" unitRef="usd">-1550123</us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss>
    <us-gaap:EquityMethodInvestmentsTextBlock contextRef="c7" id="ixv-26669">&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The components of loss on investment in equity
securities for each period were as follows (not recognized since the carrying value of the investment was reduced to $0):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Year Ended&lt;br/&gt;
    December 31,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 76%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Share of equity method investee losses&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(339,171&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(221,888&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;</us-gaap:EquityMethodInvestmentsTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:EquityMethodInvestments contextRef="c1" decimals="0" id="ixv-45987" unitRef="usd">-339171</us-gaap:EquityMethodInvestments>
    <us-gaap:EquityMethodInvestments contextRef="c2" decimals="0" id="ixv-45988" unitRef="usd">-221888</us-gaap:EquityMethodInvestments>
    <us-gaap:CommonStockSharesAuthorized
      contextRef="c184"
      decimals="0"
      id="ixv-45989"
      unitRef="shares">10000</us-gaap:CommonStockSharesAuthorized>
    <us-gaap:CommonStockSharesIssued
      contextRef="c185"
      decimals="0"
      id="ixv-45990"
      unitRef="shares">3049</us-gaap:CommonStockSharesIssued>
    <us-gaap:CommonStockSharesOutstanding
      contextRef="c185"
      decimals="0"
      id="ixv-45991"
      unitRef="shares">3049</us-gaap:CommonStockSharesOutstanding>
    <us-gaap:InvestmentOwnedBalanceShares
      contextRef="c186"
      decimals="0"
      id="ixv-45992"
      unitRef="shares">1555</us-gaap:InvestmentOwnedBalanceShares>
    <abvc:PercentageCommonStocksShares contextRef="c7" decimals="2" id="ixv-45993" unitRef="pure">0.51</abvc:PercentageCommonStocksShares>
    <us-gaap:InvestmentOwnedBalanceShares
      contextRef="c187"
      decimals="0"
      id="ixv-45994"
      unitRef="shares">1494</us-gaap:InvestmentOwnedBalanceShares>
    <abvc:PercentageCommonStocksShares
      contextRef="c188"
      decimals="2"
      id="ixv-45995"
      unitRef="pure">0.49</abvc:PercentageCommonStocksShares>
    <us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquireInterestInJointVenture contextRef="c7" decimals="0" id="ixv-45996" unitRef="usd">150000</us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquireInterestInJointVenture>
    <us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquireInterestInJointVenture contextRef="c188" decimals="0" id="ixv-45997" unitRef="usd">150000</us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquireInterestInJointVenture>
    <us-gaap:DebtDisclosureTextBlock contextRef="c7" id="ixv-26776">&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;7. CONVERTIBLE NOTES PAYABLE&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline"&gt;Lind Notes Payable&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;On February 23, 2023, the Company entered
into a securities purchase agreement with Lind Global Fund II, LP (&#x201c;Lind&#x201d;), pursuant to which the Company issued Lind a secured,
convertible note in the principal amount of $3,704,167, for a purchase price of $3,175,000 (the &#x201c;Lind Note&#x201d;), that is convertible
into shares of the Company&#x2019;s common stock at an initial conversion price of $10.5 per share, subject to adjustment. The Company
also issued Lind a common stock purchase warrant (the &#x201c;Lind Warrant&#x201d;) to purchase up to 529,167 shares (post-split) of the
Company&#x2019;s common stock at an initial exercise price of $10.5 per share for a period of 5 years, subject to adjustment that immediately
upon such issuance or sale, the Exercise Price in effect immediately prior to such issuance or sale shall be reduced (and in no event
increased) to an Exercise Price equal to the consideration per share paid for such Additional Shares of Common Stock. The warrants were
valued using the Black-Scholes model. The fair value of the warrants was determined to be $1,225,543, which was recorded to debt discount.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Beginning with the date that is six months
from the issuance date of the Lind Note and on each one (1) month anniversary thereafter, the Company shall pay Lind an amount equal
to $308,651, until the outstanding principal amount of the Lind Note has been paid in full prior to or on the Maturity Date or, if earlier,
upon acceleration, conversion or redemption of the Lind Note in accordance with the terms thereof (the &#x201c;Monthly Payments&#x201d;).
At the Company&#x2019;s discretion, the Monthly Payments shall be made in (i) cash, (ii) shares of the Company&#x2019;s common stock, or
(iii) a combination of cash and Shares; if made in shares, the number of shares shall be determined by dividing (x) the principal amount
being paid in shares by (y) 90% of the average of the 5 lowest daily VWAPs during the 20 trading days prior to the applicable payment
date. The Lind Notes sets forth certain conditions that must be satisfied before the Company may make any Monthly Payments in shares
of common stock. If the Company makes a Monthly Payment in cash, the Company must also pay Lind a cash premium of 5% of such Monthly
Payment.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Upon the occurrence of any Event of Default
(as defined in the Lind Note), the Company must pay Lind an amount equal to 120%&#160;of the then outstanding principal amount of the
Lind Note (the &#x201c;Mandatory Default Amount&#x201d;), in addition to any other remedies under the Note or the other Transaction Documents.
The Company and Lind entered into a letter agreement on September 12, 2023, pursuant to which the Mandatory Default Amount was reduced
to 115% of the then outstanding principal amount of the Lind Note; pursuant to the letter agreement, Lind also agreed to waive any default
associated with the Company&#x2019;s market capitalization being below $12.5 million for 10 consecutive days through February 23, 2024,
but retained its right to convert its Note. In addition, if the Company is unable to increase its market capitalization and is unable
to obtain a further waiver or amendment to the Lind Note, then the Company could experience an event of default under the Lind Note,
which could have a material adverse effect on the Company&#x2019;s liquidity, financial condition, and results of operations. The Company
cannot make any assurances regarding the likelihood, certainty, or exact timing of the Company&#x2019;s ability to increase its market
capitalization, as such metric is not within the immediate control of the Company and depends on a variety of factors outside the Company&#x2019;s
control. &#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The Lind Warrant may be exercised via cashless
exercise.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The warrant exercise price was reset to $3.5
in accordance to the issuance of common stock in relation to securities purchase agreement on July 2023.&#160;On May 22, 2024, the exercise
price of these warrants was reset to $0.75 along with the immediate exercise of existing warrants and issuance of the New Warrants. As
of December 31, 2024, these Lind Warrants associated with the first Lind Note were fully exercised.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;On November 17, 2023, the Company entered
another securities purchase agreement with Lind, pursuant to which the Company issued Lind a secured, convertible note (the &#x201c;2&lt;sup&gt;nd&lt;/sup&gt;
Lind Note&#x201d;) in the principal amount of $1,200,000, for a purchase price of $1,000,000, that is convertible into shares of the Company&#x2019;s
common stock at a conversion price, which shall be the lesser of (i) $3.50 and (ii) 90% of the average of the three lowest VWAPs during
the 20 trading days prior to conversion. The 2&lt;sup&gt;nd&lt;/sup&gt; Lind Note shall be due and payable on May 19, 2025 and bear no interest.
The Company may prepay all, but not less than all, outstanding principal amount prior to the maturity, and Lind shall have the right
to convert up to one third of the principal amount when the Company prepays. Upon the occurrence of any Event of Default (as defined
in the 2&lt;sup&gt;nd&lt;/sup&gt; Lind Note), the Company must pay Lind an amount equal to 120% of the then outstanding principal amount of the Lind
Note, in addition to any other remedies under the Note or the other transaction documents. Lind also received a 5-year common stock purchase
warrant to purchase up to 1,000,000 shares of the Company&#x2019;s common stock at an initial exercise price of $2 per share for a period
of 5 years. The warrants were valued using the Black-Scholes model. The fair value of the warrants was determined to be $480,795, which
was recorded to debt discount. An amendment was filed with the SEC on February 29, 2024 to disclose that due to Nasdaq requirements,
the parties entered into an amendment to the Note, pursuant to which the conversion price shall have a floor price of $1.00. Additionally,
the amendment requires the Company to make a cash payment to Lind if in connection with a conversion, the conversion price is deemed
to be the floor price. During the year ended December 31, 2024, Lind converted $800,000 of 2&lt;sup&gt;nd&lt;/sup&gt; Lind Note principal amounts
into the Company&#x2019;s common stocks. Refer to the common stock issuance details in Note 12, Equity. As of April 1, 2025, Lind has
converted the remaining $400,000 principal balance into the Company&#x2019;s common stocks.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;On January 17, 2024, the Company entered another
securities purchase agreement with Lind, pursuant to which the Company issued Lind a secured, convertible note (the &#x201c;3&lt;sup&gt;rd&lt;/sup&gt;
Lind Note&#x201d;) in the principal amount of $1,000,000, for a purchase price of $833,333, that is convertible into shares of the Company&#x2019;s
common stock at a conversion price, which shall be the lesser of (i) $3.50 and (ii) 90% of the average of the three lowest VWAPs during
the 20 trading days prior to conversion. The 3&lt;sup&gt;rd&lt;/sup&gt; Lind Note shall be due and payable on July 17, 2025 and bear no interest.
The Company may prepay all, but not less than all, outstanding principal amount prior to the maturity, and Lind shall have the right
to convert up to one third of the principal amount when the Company prepays. Upon the occurrence of any Event of Default (as defined
in the 3&lt;sup&gt;rd&lt;/sup&gt; Lind Note), the Company must pay Lind an amount equal to 120% of the then outstanding principal amount of the Lind
Note, in addition to any other remedies under the Note or the other transaction documents Lind also received a 5-year, common stock purchase
warrant to purchase up to 1,000,000 shares of the Company&#x2019;s common stock at an initial exercise price of $2 per share. The warrants
were valued using the Black-Scholes model. The fair value of the warrants was determined to be $394,071, which was recorded to debt discount.
An amendment was filed with the SEC on February 29, 2024 to disclose that due to Nasdaq requirements, the parties entered into an amendment
to the Note, pursuant to which the conversion price shall have a floor price of $1.00. Additionally, the amendment requires the Company
to make a cash payment to Lind if in connection with a conversion, the conversion price is deemed to be the floor price. No conversion
or repayment to 3&lt;sup&gt;rd&lt;/sup&gt; Lind Note has occurred during the year ended December 31, 2024. As of April 1, 2025, Lind has converted
$400,000 principal balance into the Company&#x2019;s common stock, leaving outstanding principal of $600,000.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;In connection with above three Lind Note offerings,
the Company and its subsidiaries: BioKey, BioLite, Biolite BVI, and American BriVision, jointly and severally guaranteed all of the obligations
of the Company in connection with the offering with certain collateral, as set forth in the related transaction documents.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;On May 22, 2024 and November 19, 2024, Lind
has exercised 1,000,000 and 500,000 of the existing warrants to purchase shares of Common Stock at a reduced exercise price of $0.75
and $0.42 per share, respectively. Refer to the details in Note 12, Equity.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Total interest expenses in connection with
the above three Lind Notes were $773,139 and $1,233,284 for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline"&gt;Other Convertible Notes Payable&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;On November 1, 2024 and November 5, 2024,
the Company&#x2019;s subsidiary, AiBtl, issued two convertible note payable, each with a principal amount of $30,000 to two separate individuals,
for total consideration of $60,000. Each note has a 1-year term and an implied annual discount rate of 6.89%. These convertible notes
bear 0% interest rate and are convertible by the holders into the AiBtl&#x2019;s common stock at $5 per share at any time before the maturity.
AiBtl reserves the right to repurchase the note in full at any time before the maturity.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The convertible notes payable is accounted
for in accordance with ASC 470-20, Debt with Conversion and Other Options. The Company evaluated the conversion feature and determined
that it qualifies for equity classification as it meets the &#x201c;fixed-for-fixed&#x201d; criteria. The proceeds from the issuance were
allocated to the present value of the liability component in aggregate for $56,132, and to debt discount for $3,868. The debt discount
is recorded in additional paid-in capital in the statement of change in equity.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The debt discount is being amortized over
the 1-year term using the effective interest method. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company recognized $646 in interest
expense related to the amortization of the debt discount.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The carrying amounts of the liability component
are summarized as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt;
&lt;tr style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;December 31, 2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font: bold 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;Issuance&lt;br/&gt; Entity&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;Issuance&lt;br/&gt; Date&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;Maturity&lt;br/&gt; Date&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;Principal&lt;br/&gt; Amount at&lt;br/&gt; Issuance&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;Stated&lt;br/&gt; Interest&lt;br/&gt; Rate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;Effective&lt;br/&gt; Interest&lt;br/&gt; Rate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;Conversion&lt;br/&gt; Price&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;Common&lt;br/&gt; Stock&lt;br/&gt; to&#160;be&lt;br/&gt; converted&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;Principal&lt;br/&gt; Amount at&lt;br/&gt; Balance&lt;br/&gt; Sheet Date&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;Unamortized&lt;br/&gt; Discount&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;Carrying&lt;br/&gt; Value&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;Fair&lt;br/&gt; Value&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt; &lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in; text-align: left; width: 10.5%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;2nd LIND Note&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; width: 5%; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;ABVC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top; width: 6%; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;November 17, &lt;br/&gt; 2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top; width: 6%; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;May 19,&lt;br/&gt; 2025&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 6%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;1,200,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 5%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 5%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;86.94&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 5%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;1.00&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 5%; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;ABVC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 6%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;400,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 6%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;118,048&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 6%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;281,952&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 6%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;480,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; "&gt; &lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;3rd LIND Note&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;ABVC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;January 17, &lt;br/&gt; 2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;July 17,&lt;br/&gt; 2025&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;1,000,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;87.40&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;1.00&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;ABVC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;1,000,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;388,685&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;611,315&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;1,200,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt; &lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;Other Note&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;AiBtl&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;November 1, &lt;br/&gt; 2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;November 1, &lt;br/&gt; 2025&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;30,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;6.89&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;5.00&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;AiBtl&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;30,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;1,610&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;28,390&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;30,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; "&gt; &lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;Other Note&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;AiBtl&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;November 5,&lt;br/&gt; 2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;November 5, &lt;br/&gt; 2025&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;30,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;6.89&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;5.00&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;AiBtl&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;30,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;1,611&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;28,389&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;30,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt; &lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in; padding-bottom: 4pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 4pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 4pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 4pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 4pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 4pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 4pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 4pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;2,260,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 4pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 4pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 4pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 4pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 4pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 4pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;1,460,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 4pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;509,954&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 4pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;950,046&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 4pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;1,740,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/table&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt; &lt;tr style="font-size: 8pt; vertical-align: bottom"&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 8pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;December 31, 2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;Issuance&lt;br/&gt; Entity&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 8pt; white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;Issuance&lt;br/&gt; Date&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 8pt; white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;Maturity&lt;br/&gt; Date&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;Principal&lt;br/&gt; Amount&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;Stated&lt;br/&gt; Interest&lt;br/&gt; Rate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;Effective&lt;br/&gt; Interest&lt;br/&gt; Rate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;Conversion&lt;br/&gt; Price&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;Common&lt;br/&gt; Stock&lt;br/&gt; to be&lt;br/&gt; converted&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;Principal&lt;br/&gt; Amount at&lt;br/&gt; Balance&lt;br/&gt; Sheet Date&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;Unamortized&lt;br/&gt; Discount&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;Carrying&lt;br/&gt; Value&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;Fair&lt;br/&gt; Value&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="font-size: 8pt; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt; &lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; vertical-align: top; width: 10%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;1st LIND Note&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; width: 0.5%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; width: 6%; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;ABVC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; width: 0.5%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; vertical-align: top; width: 8%; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;February 23,&lt;br/&gt; 2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; width: 0.5%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; vertical-align: top; width: 8%; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;August 23,&lt;br/&gt; 2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; width: 0.5%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; width: 0.5%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; width: 6%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;3,704,167&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; width: 0.5%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; width: 0.5%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; width: 0.5%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; width: 6%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; width: 0.5%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; width: 0.5%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; width: 0.5%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; width: 6%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;61.42&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; width: 0.5%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; width: 0.5%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; width: 0.5%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; width: 6%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;3.50&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; width: 0.5%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; width: 0.5%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; width: 6%; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;ABVC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; width: 0.5%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; width: 0.5%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; width: 6%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;811,175&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; width: 0.5%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; width: 0.5%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; width: 0.5%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; width: 6%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;290,063&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; width: 0.5%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; width: 0.5%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; width: 0.5%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; width: 6%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;521,112&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; width: 0.5%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; width: 0.5%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; width: 0.5%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; width: 6%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;973,410&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; width: 0.5%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="font-size: 8pt; vertical-align: bottom; "&gt; &lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;2nd LIND Note&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;ABVC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;November 17,&lt;br/&gt; 2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;May 19,&lt;br/&gt; 2025&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 8pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 8pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;1,200,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;86.94&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;1.00&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;ABVC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 8pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 8pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;1,200,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 8pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 8pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;834,590&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 8pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 8pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;365,410&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 8pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 8pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;1,440,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="font-size: 8pt; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt; &lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 4pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 4pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 4pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 4pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 4pt; vertical-align: top"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 4pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 4pt; vertical-align: top"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 4pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-size: 8pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-size: 8pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;4,904,167&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 4pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 4pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 4pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 4pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 4pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 4pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-size: 8pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-size: 8pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;2,011,175&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 4pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-size: 8pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-size: 8pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;1,124,653&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 4pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-size: 8pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-size: 8pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;886,522&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 4pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-size: 8pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-size: 8pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;2,413,410&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/table&gt;</us-gaap:DebtDisclosureTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentConvertibleIfConvertedValueInExcessOfPrincipal contextRef="c239" decimals="0" id="ixv-45998" unitRef="usd">3704167</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentConvertibleIfConvertedValueInExcessOfPrincipal>
    <us-gaap:PaymentsForPreviousAcquisition contextRef="c239" decimals="0" id="ixv-45999" unitRef="usd">3175000</us-gaap:PaymentsForPreviousAcquisition>
    <us-gaap:CommonStockConvertibleConversionPriceIncrease
      contextRef="c239"
      decimals="1"
      id="ixv-46000"
      unitRef="usdPershares">10.5</us-gaap:CommonStockConvertibleConversionPriceIncrease>
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      contextRef="c239"
      decimals="0"
      id="ixv-46001"
      unitRef="shares">529167</us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesIssuedForServices>
    <us-gaap:ClassOfWarrantOrRightExercisePriceOfWarrantsOrRights1
      contextRef="c240"
      decimals="1"
      id="ixv-46002"
      unitRef="usdPershares">10.5</us-gaap:ClassOfWarrantOrRightExercisePriceOfWarrantsOrRights1>
    <us-gaap:FairValueAdjustmentOfWarrants contextRef="c241" decimals="0" id="ixv-46003" unitRef="usd">1225543</us-gaap:FairValueAdjustmentOfWarrants>
    <abvc:OutstandingBalanceAmount contextRef="c242" decimals="0" id="ixv-46004" unitRef="usd">308651</abvc:OutstandingBalanceAmount>
    <abvc:PercentageOfAverageAmount
      contextRef="c243"
      decimals="2"
      id="ixv-46005"
      unitRef="pure">0.90</abvc:PercentageOfAverageAmount>
    <abvc:PercentageOfCashPermium contextRef="c7" decimals="2" id="ixv-46006" unitRef="pure">0.05</abvc:PercentageOfCashPermium>
    <abvc:PercentageOfOutstandingPrincipalAmount
      contextRef="c243"
      decimals="2"
      id="ixv-46007"
      unitRef="pure">1.20</abvc:PercentageOfOutstandingPrincipalAmount>
    <abvc:PercentageOfOutstandingPrincipalAmount
      contextRef="c244"
      decimals="2"
      id="ixv-46008"
      unitRef="pure">1.15</abvc:PercentageOfOutstandingPrincipalAmount>
    <us-gaap:GeneralPartnersCapitalAccount contextRef="c1" decimals="-5" id="ixv-46009" unitRef="usd">12500000</us-gaap:GeneralPartnersCapitalAccount>
    <us-gaap:WarrantExercisePriceIncrease
      contextRef="c245"
      decimals="1"
      id="ixv-46010"
      unitRef="usdPershares">3.5</us-gaap:WarrantExercisePriceIncrease>
    <us-gaap:WarrantExercisePriceIncrease
      contextRef="c246"
      decimals="2"
      id="ixv-46011"
      unitRef="usdPershares">0.75</us-gaap:WarrantExercisePriceIncrease>
    <us-gaap:ReceivableWithImputedInterestFaceAmount contextRef="c247" decimals="0" id="ixv-46012" unitRef="usd">1200000</us-gaap:ReceivableWithImputedInterestFaceAmount>
    <us-gaap:PaymentsForPreviousAcquisition contextRef="c248" decimals="0" id="ixv-46013" unitRef="usd">1000000</us-gaap:PaymentsForPreviousAcquisition>
    <us-gaap:PreferredStockConvertibleConversionPrice
      contextRef="c249"
      decimals="2"
      id="ixv-46014"
      unitRef="usdPershares">3.5</us-gaap:PreferredStockConvertibleConversionPrice>
    <abvc:PercentageOfAverageAmount
      contextRef="c248"
      decimals="2"
      id="ixv-46015"
      unitRef="pure">0.90</abvc:PercentageOfAverageAmount>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentRedemptionPricePercentageOfPrincipalAmountRedeemed
      contextRef="c250"
      decimals="2"
      id="ixv-46016"
      unitRef="pure">1.20</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentRedemptionPricePercentageOfPrincipalAmountRedeemed>
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      contextRef="c248"
      decimals="0"
      id="ixv-46017"
      unitRef="shares">1000000</us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesIssuedForServices>
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      contextRef="c248"
      decimals="0"
      id="ixv-46018"
      unitRef="usdPershares">2</us-gaap:DeferredCompensationArrangementWithIndividualExercisePrice>
    <abvc:PurchaseWarrantTerm contextRef="c251" id="ixv-46019">P5Y</abvc:PurchaseWarrantTerm>
    <us-gaap:FairValueAdjustmentOfWarrants contextRef="c252" decimals="0" id="ixv-46020" unitRef="usd">480795</us-gaap:FairValueAdjustmentOfWarrants>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentConvertibleConversionPrice1
      contextRef="c253"
      decimals="2"
      id="ixv-46021"
      unitRef="usdPershares">1</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentConvertibleConversionPrice1>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentConvertibleIfConvertedValueInExcessOfPrincipal contextRef="c254" decimals="0" id="ixv-46022" unitRef="usd">800000</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentConvertibleIfConvertedValueInExcessOfPrincipal>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentConvertibleIfConvertedValueInExcessOfPrincipal contextRef="c255" decimals="0" id="ixv-46023" unitRef="usd">400000</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentConvertibleIfConvertedValueInExcessOfPrincipal>
    <us-gaap:ReceivableWithImputedInterestFaceAmount contextRef="c256" decimals="0" id="ixv-46024" unitRef="usd">1000000</us-gaap:ReceivableWithImputedInterestFaceAmount>
    <abvc:PurchasePriceAmount contextRef="c256" decimals="0" id="ixv-46025" unitRef="usd">833333</abvc:PurchasePriceAmount>
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      contextRef="c257"
      decimals="2"
      id="ixv-46026"
      unitRef="usdPershares">3.5</us-gaap:CommonStockConvertibleConversionPriceIncrease>
    <abvc:PercentageOfAverageAmount
      contextRef="c257"
      decimals="2"
      id="ixv-46027"
      unitRef="pure">0.90</abvc:PercentageOfAverageAmount>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentRedemptionPricePercentageOfPrincipalAmountRedeemed
      contextRef="c257"
      decimals="2"
      id="ixv-46028"
      unitRef="pure">1.20</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentRedemptionPricePercentageOfPrincipalAmountRedeemed>
    <abvc:PurchaseWarrantTerm contextRef="c258" id="ixv-46029">P5Y</abvc:PurchaseWarrantTerm>
    <us-gaap:PaymentsForRepurchaseOfWarrants contextRef="c257" decimals="0" id="ixv-46030" unitRef="usd">1000000</us-gaap:PaymentsForRepurchaseOfWarrants>
    <us-gaap:WarrantExercisePriceIncrease
      contextRef="c258"
      decimals="0"
      id="ixv-46031"
      unitRef="usdPershares">2</us-gaap:WarrantExercisePriceIncrease>
    <us-gaap:FairValueAdjustmentOfWarrants contextRef="c259" decimals="0" id="ixv-46032" unitRef="usd">394071</us-gaap:FairValueAdjustmentOfWarrants>
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      contextRef="c260"
      decimals="2"
      id="ixv-46033"
      unitRef="usdPershares">1</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentConvertibleConversionPrice1>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentConvertibleIfConvertedValueInExcessOfPrincipal contextRef="c255" decimals="0" id="ixv-46034" unitRef="usd">400000</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentConvertibleIfConvertedValueInExcessOfPrincipal>
    <abvc:DebtInstrumentOutstandingPrincipal contextRef="c255" decimals="0" id="ixv-46035" unitRef="usd">600000</abvc:DebtInstrumentOutstandingPrincipal>
    <us-gaap:DebtConversionConvertedInstrumentWarrantsOrOptionsIssued1
      contextRef="c261"
      decimals="0"
      id="ixv-46036"
      unitRef="shares">1000000</us-gaap:DebtConversionConvertedInstrumentWarrantsOrOptionsIssued1>
    <us-gaap:DebtConversionConvertedInstrumentWarrantsOrOptionsIssued1
      contextRef="c262"
      decimals="0"
      id="ixv-46037"
      unitRef="shares">500000</us-gaap:DebtConversionConvertedInstrumentWarrantsOrOptionsIssued1>
    <us-gaap:WarrantExercisePriceDecrease
      contextRef="c263"
      decimals="2"
      id="ixv-46038"
      unitRef="usdPershares">0.75</us-gaap:WarrantExercisePriceDecrease>
    <us-gaap:WarrantExercisePriceDecrease
      contextRef="c264"
      decimals="2"
      id="ixv-46039"
      unitRef="usdPershares">0.42</us-gaap:WarrantExercisePriceDecrease>
    <us-gaap:InterestExpenseOther contextRef="c7" decimals="0" id="ixv-46040" unitRef="usd">773139</us-gaap:InterestExpenseOther>
    <us-gaap:InterestExpenseOther contextRef="c8" decimals="0" id="ixv-46041" unitRef="usd">1233284</us-gaap:InterestExpenseOther>
    <us-gaap:ConvertibleNotesPayable contextRef="c265" decimals="0" id="ixv-46042" unitRef="usd">30000</us-gaap:ConvertibleNotesPayable>
    <abvc:ConsiderationAmount contextRef="c266" decimals="0" id="ixv-46043" unitRef="usd">60000</abvc:ConsiderationAmount>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentTerm contextRef="c267" id="ixv-46044">P1Y</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentTerm>
    <abvc:PercentageOfAnnualDiscountRate contextRef="c7" decimals="4" id="ixv-46045" unitRef="pure">0.0689</abvc:PercentageOfAnnualDiscountRate>
    <us-gaap:ShortTermDebtPercentageBearingFixedInterestRate
      contextRef="c268"
      decimals="2"
      id="ixv-46046"
      unitRef="pure">0</us-gaap:ShortTermDebtPercentageBearingFixedInterestRate>
    <us-gaap:CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare
      contextRef="c269"
      decimals="0"
      id="ixv-46047"
      unitRef="usdPershares">5</us-gaap:CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare>
    <us-gaap:ProceedsFromIssuanceOfDebt contextRef="c7" decimals="0" id="ixv-46048" unitRef="usd">56132</us-gaap:ProceedsFromIssuanceOfDebt>
    <us-gaap:AmortizationOfDebtDiscountPremium contextRef="c270" decimals="0" id="ixv-46049" unitRef="usd">3868</us-gaap:AmortizationOfDebtDiscountPremium>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentTerm contextRef="c254" id="ixv-46050">P1Y</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentTerm>
    <us-gaap:InterestExpenseDebt contextRef="c7" decimals="0" id="ixv-46051" unitRef="usd">646</us-gaap:InterestExpenseDebt>
    <us-gaap:ConvertibleDebtTableTextBlock contextRef="c7" id="ixv-26881">&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The carrying amounts of the liability component
are summarized as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt;
&lt;tr style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;December 31, 2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font: bold 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;Issuance&lt;br/&gt; Entity&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;Issuance&lt;br/&gt; Date&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;Maturity&lt;br/&gt; Date&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;Principal&lt;br/&gt; Amount at&lt;br/&gt; Issuance&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;Stated&lt;br/&gt; Interest&lt;br/&gt; Rate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;Effective&lt;br/&gt; Interest&lt;br/&gt; Rate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;Conversion&lt;br/&gt; Price&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;Common&lt;br/&gt; Stock&lt;br/&gt; to&#160;be&lt;br/&gt; converted&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;Principal&lt;br/&gt; Amount at&lt;br/&gt; Balance&lt;br/&gt; Sheet Date&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;Unamortized&lt;br/&gt; Discount&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;Carrying&lt;br/&gt; Value&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;Fair&lt;br/&gt; Value&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt; &lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in; text-align: left; width: 10.5%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;2nd LIND Note&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; width: 5%; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;ABVC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top; width: 6%; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;November 17, &lt;br/&gt; 2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top; width: 6%; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;May 19,&lt;br/&gt; 2025&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 6%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;1,200,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 5%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 5%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;86.94&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 5%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;1.00&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 5%; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;ABVC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 6%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;400,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 6%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;118,048&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 6%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;281,952&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 6%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;480,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; "&gt; &lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;3rd LIND Note&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;ABVC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;January 17, &lt;br/&gt; 2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;July 17,&lt;br/&gt; 2025&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;1,000,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;87.40&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;1.00&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;ABVC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;1,000,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;388,685&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;611,315&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;1,200,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt; &lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;Other Note&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;AiBtl&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;November 1, &lt;br/&gt; 2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;November 1, &lt;br/&gt; 2025&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;30,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;6.89&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;5.00&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;AiBtl&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;30,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;1,610&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;28,390&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;30,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; "&gt; &lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;Other Note&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;AiBtl&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;November 5,&lt;br/&gt; 2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;November 5, &lt;br/&gt; 2025&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;30,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;6.89&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;5.00&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;AiBtl&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;30,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;1,611&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;28,389&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;30,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt; &lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in; padding-bottom: 4pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 4pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 4pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 4pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 4pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 4pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 4pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 4pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;2,260,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 4pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 4pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 4pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 4pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 4pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 4pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;1,460,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 4pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;509,954&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 4pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;950,046&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 4pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;1,740,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/table&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt; &lt;tr style="font-size: 8pt; vertical-align: bottom"&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 8pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;December 31, 2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;Issuance&lt;br/&gt; Entity&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 8pt; white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;Issuance&lt;br/&gt; Date&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 8pt; white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;Maturity&lt;br/&gt; Date&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;Principal&lt;br/&gt; Amount&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;Stated&lt;br/&gt; Interest&lt;br/&gt; Rate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;Effective&lt;br/&gt; Interest&lt;br/&gt; Rate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;Conversion&lt;br/&gt; Price&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;Common&lt;br/&gt; Stock&lt;br/&gt; to be&lt;br/&gt; converted&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;Principal&lt;br/&gt; Amount at&lt;br/&gt; Balance&lt;br/&gt; Sheet Date&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;Unamortized&lt;br/&gt; Discount&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;Carrying&lt;br/&gt; Value&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;Fair&lt;br/&gt; Value&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="font-size: 8pt; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt; &lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; vertical-align: top; width: 10%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;1st LIND Note&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; width: 0.5%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; width: 6%; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;ABVC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; width: 0.5%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; vertical-align: top; width: 8%; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;February 23,&lt;br/&gt; 2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; width: 0.5%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; vertical-align: top; width: 8%; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;August 23,&lt;br/&gt; 2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; width: 0.5%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; width: 0.5%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; width: 6%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;3,704,167&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; width: 0.5%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; width: 0.5%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; width: 0.5%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; width: 6%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; width: 0.5%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; width: 0.5%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; width: 0.5%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; width: 6%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;61.42&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; width: 0.5%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; width: 0.5%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; width: 0.5%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; width: 6%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;3.50&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; width: 0.5%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; width: 0.5%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; width: 6%; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;ABVC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; width: 0.5%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; width: 0.5%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; width: 6%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;811,175&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; width: 0.5%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; width: 0.5%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; width: 0.5%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; width: 6%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;290,063&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; width: 0.5%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; width: 0.5%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; width: 0.5%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; width: 6%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;521,112&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; width: 0.5%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; width: 0.5%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; width: 0.5%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; width: 6%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;973,410&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; width: 0.5%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="font-size: 8pt; vertical-align: bottom; "&gt; &lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;2nd LIND Note&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;ABVC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;November 17,&lt;br/&gt; 2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;May 19,&lt;br/&gt; 2025&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 8pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 8pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;1,200,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;86.94&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;1.00&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;ABVC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 8pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 8pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;1,200,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 8pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 8pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;834,590&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 8pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 8pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;365,410&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 8pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 8pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;1,440,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="font-size: 8pt; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt; &lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 4pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 4pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 4pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 4pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 4pt; vertical-align: top"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 4pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 4pt; vertical-align: top"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 4pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-size: 8pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-size: 8pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;4,904,167&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 4pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 4pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 4pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 4pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 4pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 4pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-size: 8pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-size: 8pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;2,011,175&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 4pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-size: 8pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-size: 8pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;1,124,653&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 4pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-size: 8pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-size: 8pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;886,522&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 4pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-size: 8pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-size: 8pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;2,413,410&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/table&gt;</us-gaap:ConvertibleDebtTableTextBlock>
    <abvc:DebtInstrumentIssuanceEntity contextRef="c271" id="ixv-26983">ABVC</abvc:DebtInstrumentIssuanceEntity>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentIssuanceDate1 contextRef="c271" id="ixv-26988">2023-11-17</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentIssuanceDate1>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentMaturityDate contextRef="c271" id="ixv-26994">2025-05-19</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentMaturityDate>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentIssuedPrincipal contextRef="c271" decimals="0" id="ixv-46052" unitRef="usd">1200000</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentIssuedPrincipal>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentInterestRateStatedPercentage
      contextRef="c272"
      decimals="2"
      id="ixv-46053"
      unitRef="pure">0</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentInterestRateStatedPercentage>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentInterestRateEffectivePercentage
      contextRef="c272"
      decimals="4"
      id="ixv-46054"
      unitRef="pure">0.8694</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentInterestRateEffectivePercentage>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentConvertibleConversionPrice1
      contextRef="c272"
      decimals="2"
      id="ixv-46055"
      unitRef="usdPershares">1</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentConvertibleConversionPrice1>
    <abvc:DebtInstrumentCommonStockToBeConverted contextRef="c271" id="ixv-27032">ABVC</abvc:DebtInstrumentCommonStockToBeConverted>
    <abvc:DebtInstrumentPrincipalAmountAtBalanceSheetDate contextRef="c271" decimals="0" id="ixv-46056" unitRef="usd">400000</abvc:DebtInstrumentPrincipalAmountAtBalanceSheetDate>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentUnamortizedDiscount contextRef="c272" decimals="0" id="ixv-46057" unitRef="usd">118048</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentUnamortizedDiscount>
    <abvc:DebtInstrumentCarryingValue contextRef="c271" decimals="0" id="ixv-46058" unitRef="usd">281952</abvc:DebtInstrumentCarryingValue>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentFairValue contextRef="c272" decimals="0" id="ixv-46059" unitRef="usd">480000</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentFairValue>
    <abvc:DebtInstrumentIssuanceEntity contextRef="c273" id="ixv-27074">ABVC</abvc:DebtInstrumentIssuanceEntity>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentIssuanceDate1 contextRef="c273" id="ixv-27079">2024-01-17</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentIssuanceDate1>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentMaturityDate contextRef="c273" id="ixv-27085">2025-07-17</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentMaturityDate>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentIssuedPrincipal contextRef="c273" decimals="0" id="ixv-46060" unitRef="usd">1000000</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentIssuedPrincipal>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentInterestRateStatedPercentage
      contextRef="c274"
      decimals="2"
      id="ixv-46061"
      unitRef="pure">0</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentInterestRateStatedPercentage>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentInterestRateEffectivePercentage
      contextRef="c274"
      decimals="4"
      id="ixv-46062"
      unitRef="pure">0.874</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentInterestRateEffectivePercentage>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentConvertibleConversionPrice1
      contextRef="c274"
      decimals="2"
      id="ixv-46063"
      unitRef="usdPershares">1</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentConvertibleConversionPrice1>
    <abvc:DebtInstrumentCommonStockToBeConverted contextRef="c273" id="ixv-27123">ABVC</abvc:DebtInstrumentCommonStockToBeConverted>
    <abvc:DebtInstrumentPrincipalAmountAtBalanceSheetDate contextRef="c273" decimals="0" id="ixv-46064" unitRef="usd">1000000</abvc:DebtInstrumentPrincipalAmountAtBalanceSheetDate>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentUnamortizedDiscount contextRef="c274" decimals="0" id="ixv-46065" unitRef="usd">388685</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentUnamortizedDiscount>
    <abvc:DebtInstrumentCarryingValue contextRef="c273" decimals="0" id="ixv-46066" unitRef="usd">611315</abvc:DebtInstrumentCarryingValue>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentFairValue contextRef="c274" decimals="0" id="ixv-46067" unitRef="usd">1200000</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentFairValue>
    <abvc:DebtInstrumentIssuanceEntity contextRef="c275" id="ixv-27165">AiBtl</abvc:DebtInstrumentIssuanceEntity>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentIssuanceDate1 contextRef="c275" id="ixv-27170">2024-11-01</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentIssuanceDate1>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentMaturityDate contextRef="c275" id="ixv-27176">2025-11-01</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentMaturityDate>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentIssuedPrincipal contextRef="c275" decimals="0" id="ixv-46068" unitRef="usd">30000</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentIssuedPrincipal>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentInterestRateStatedPercentage
      contextRef="c276"
      decimals="2"
      id="ixv-46069"
      unitRef="pure">0</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentInterestRateStatedPercentage>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentInterestRateEffectivePercentage
      contextRef="c276"
      decimals="4"
      id="ixv-46070"
      unitRef="pure">0.0689</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentInterestRateEffectivePercentage>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentConvertibleConversionPrice1
      contextRef="c276"
      decimals="2"
      id="ixv-46071"
      unitRef="usdPershares">5</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentConvertibleConversionPrice1>
    <abvc:DebtInstrumentCommonStockToBeConverted contextRef="c275" id="ixv-27214">AiBtl</abvc:DebtInstrumentCommonStockToBeConverted>
    <abvc:DebtInstrumentPrincipalAmountAtBalanceSheetDate contextRef="c275" decimals="0" id="ixv-46072" unitRef="usd">30000</abvc:DebtInstrumentPrincipalAmountAtBalanceSheetDate>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentUnamortizedDiscount contextRef="c276" decimals="0" id="ixv-46073" unitRef="usd">1610</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentUnamortizedDiscount>
    <abvc:DebtInstrumentCarryingValue contextRef="c275" decimals="0" id="ixv-46074" unitRef="usd">28390</abvc:DebtInstrumentCarryingValue>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentFairValue contextRef="c276" decimals="0" id="ixv-46075" unitRef="usd">30000</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentFairValue>
    <abvc:DebtInstrumentIssuanceEntity contextRef="c277" id="ixv-27256">AiBtl</abvc:DebtInstrumentIssuanceEntity>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentIssuanceDate1 contextRef="c277" id="ixv-27261">2024-11-05</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentIssuanceDate1>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentMaturityDate contextRef="c277" id="ixv-27267">2025-11-05</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentMaturityDate>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentIssuedPrincipal contextRef="c277" decimals="0" id="ixv-46076" unitRef="usd">30000</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentIssuedPrincipal>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentInterestRateStatedPercentage
      contextRef="c278"
      decimals="2"
      id="ixv-46077"
      unitRef="pure">0</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentInterestRateStatedPercentage>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentInterestRateEffectivePercentage
      contextRef="c278"
      decimals="4"
      id="ixv-46078"
      unitRef="pure">0.0689</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentInterestRateEffectivePercentage>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentConvertibleConversionPrice1
      contextRef="c278"
      decimals="2"
      id="ixv-46079"
      unitRef="usdPershares">5</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentConvertibleConversionPrice1>
    <abvc:DebtInstrumentCommonStockToBeConverted contextRef="c277" id="ixv-27305">AiBtl</abvc:DebtInstrumentCommonStockToBeConverted>
    <abvc:DebtInstrumentPrincipalAmountAtBalanceSheetDate contextRef="c277" decimals="0" id="ixv-46080" unitRef="usd">30000</abvc:DebtInstrumentPrincipalAmountAtBalanceSheetDate>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentUnamortizedDiscount contextRef="c278" decimals="0" id="ixv-46081" unitRef="usd">1611</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentUnamortizedDiscount>
    <abvc:DebtInstrumentCarryingValue contextRef="c277" decimals="0" id="ixv-46082" unitRef="usd">28389</abvc:DebtInstrumentCarryingValue>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentFairValue contextRef="c278" decimals="0" id="ixv-46083" unitRef="usd">30000</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentFairValue>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentIssuedPrincipal contextRef="c7" decimals="0" id="ixv-46084" unitRef="usd">2260000</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentIssuedPrincipal>
    <abvc:DebtInstrumentPrincipalAmountAtBalanceSheetDate contextRef="c7" decimals="0" id="ixv-46085" unitRef="usd">1460000</abvc:DebtInstrumentPrincipalAmountAtBalanceSheetDate>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentUnamortizedDiscount contextRef="c1" decimals="0" id="ixv-46086" unitRef="usd">509954</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentUnamortizedDiscount>
    <abvc:DebtInstrumentCarryingValue contextRef="c7" decimals="0" id="ixv-46087" unitRef="usd">950046</abvc:DebtInstrumentCarryingValue>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentFairValue contextRef="c1" decimals="0" id="ixv-46088" unitRef="usd">1740000</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentFairValue>
    <abvc:DebtInstrumentIssuanceEntity contextRef="c279" id="ixv-27519">ABVC</abvc:DebtInstrumentIssuanceEntity>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentIssuanceDate1 contextRef="c279" id="ixv-27524">2023-02-23</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentIssuanceDate1>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentMaturityDate contextRef="c279" id="ixv-27530">2024-08-23</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentMaturityDate>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentIssuedPrincipal contextRef="c279" decimals="0" id="ixv-46089" unitRef="usd">3704167</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentIssuedPrincipal>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentInterestRateStatedPercentage
      contextRef="c280"
      decimals="2"
      id="ixv-46090"
      unitRef="pure">0</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentInterestRateStatedPercentage>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentInterestRateEffectivePercentage
      contextRef="c280"
      decimals="4"
      id="ixv-46091"
      unitRef="pure">0.6142</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentInterestRateEffectivePercentage>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentConvertibleConversionPrice1
      contextRef="c280"
      decimals="2"
      id="ixv-46092"
      unitRef="usdPershares">3.5</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentConvertibleConversionPrice1>
    <abvc:DebtInstrumentCommonStockToBeConverted contextRef="c279" id="ixv-27568">ABVC</abvc:DebtInstrumentCommonStockToBeConverted>
    <abvc:DebtInstrumentPrincipalAmountAtBalanceSheetDate contextRef="c279" decimals="0" id="ixv-46093" unitRef="usd">811175</abvc:DebtInstrumentPrincipalAmountAtBalanceSheetDate>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentUnamortizedDiscount contextRef="c280" decimals="0" id="ixv-46094" unitRef="usd">290063</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentUnamortizedDiscount>
    <abvc:DebtInstrumentCarryingValue contextRef="c279" decimals="0" id="ixv-46095" unitRef="usd">521112</abvc:DebtInstrumentCarryingValue>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentFairValue contextRef="c280" decimals="0" id="ixv-46096" unitRef="usd">973410</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentFairValue>
    <abvc:DebtInstrumentIssuanceEntity contextRef="c281" id="ixv-27610">ABVC</abvc:DebtInstrumentIssuanceEntity>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentIssuanceDate1 contextRef="c281" id="ixv-27615">2023-11-17</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentIssuanceDate1>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentMaturityDate contextRef="c281" id="ixv-27621">2025-05-19</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentMaturityDate>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentIssuedPrincipal contextRef="c281" decimals="0" id="ixv-46097" unitRef="usd">1200000</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentIssuedPrincipal>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentInterestRateStatedPercentage
      contextRef="c282"
      decimals="2"
      id="ixv-46098"
      unitRef="pure">0</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentInterestRateStatedPercentage>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentInterestRateEffectivePercentage
      contextRef="c282"
      decimals="4"
      id="ixv-46099"
      unitRef="pure">0.8694</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentInterestRateEffectivePercentage>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentConvertibleConversionPrice1
      contextRef="c282"
      decimals="2"
      id="ixv-46100"
      unitRef="usdPershares">1</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentConvertibleConversionPrice1>
    <abvc:DebtInstrumentCommonStockToBeConverted contextRef="c281" id="ixv-27659">ABVC</abvc:DebtInstrumentCommonStockToBeConverted>
    <abvc:DebtInstrumentPrincipalAmountAtBalanceSheetDate contextRef="c281" decimals="0" id="ixv-46101" unitRef="usd">1200000</abvc:DebtInstrumentPrincipalAmountAtBalanceSheetDate>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentUnamortizedDiscount contextRef="c282" decimals="0" id="ixv-46102" unitRef="usd">834590</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentUnamortizedDiscount>
    <abvc:DebtInstrumentCarryingValue contextRef="c281" decimals="0" id="ixv-46103" unitRef="usd">365410</abvc:DebtInstrumentCarryingValue>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentFairValue contextRef="c282" decimals="0" id="ixv-46104" unitRef="usd">1440000</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentFairValue>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentIssuedPrincipal contextRef="c8" decimals="0" id="ixv-46105" unitRef="usd">4904167</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentIssuedPrincipal>
    <abvc:DebtInstrumentPrincipalAmountAtBalanceSheetDate contextRef="c8" decimals="0" id="ixv-46106" unitRef="usd">2011175</abvc:DebtInstrumentPrincipalAmountAtBalanceSheetDate>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentUnamortizedDiscount contextRef="c2" decimals="0" id="ixv-46107" unitRef="usd">1124653</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentUnamortizedDiscount>
    <abvc:DebtInstrumentCarryingValue contextRef="c8" decimals="0" id="ixv-46108" unitRef="usd">886522</abvc:DebtInstrumentCarryingValue>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentFairValue contextRef="c2" decimals="0" id="ixv-46109" unitRef="usd">2413410</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentFairValue>
    <us-gaap:AccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilitiesDisclosureTextBlock contextRef="c7" id="ixv-27793">&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;8. ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES&lt;/b&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Accrued expenses and other current liabilities
consisted of the following as of the periods indicated:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;December&#160;31,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;December&#160;31,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 76%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Accrued research and development expense&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;1,799,583&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;1,799,583&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Accrued directors and officers (owners) compensation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;1,025,867&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;1,018,253&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Accrued royalties&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;255,592&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;274,028&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Accrued compensation and employee benefits&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;126,106&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;29,138&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Others&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;302,274&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;427,350&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Total&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;3,509,422&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;3,548,352&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;</us-gaap:AccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilitiesDisclosureTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:ScheduleOfAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilitiesTableTextBlock contextRef="c7" id="ixv-27798">&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Accrued expenses and other current liabilities
consisted of the following as of the periods indicated:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;December&#160;31,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;December&#160;31,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 76%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Accrued research and development expense&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;1,799,583&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;1,799,583&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Accrued directors and officers (owners) compensation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;1,025,867&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;1,018,253&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Accrued royalties&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;255,592&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;274,028&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Accrued compensation and employee benefits&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;126,106&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;29,138&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Others&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;302,274&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;427,350&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Total&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;3,509,422&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;3,548,352&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;</us-gaap:ScheduleOfAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilitiesTableTextBlock>
    <abvc:AccruedResearchAndDevelopmentExpense contextRef="c1" decimals="0" id="ixv-46110" unitRef="usd">1799583</abvc:AccruedResearchAndDevelopmentExpense>
    <abvc:AccruedResearchAndDevelopmentExpense contextRef="c2" decimals="0" id="ixv-46111" unitRef="usd">1799583</abvc:AccruedResearchAndDevelopmentExpense>
    <abvc:AccruedDirectorAndOfficerCompensation contextRef="c1" decimals="0" id="ixv-46112" unitRef="usd">1025867</abvc:AccruedDirectorAndOfficerCompensation>
    <abvc:AccruedDirectorAndOfficerCompensation contextRef="c2" decimals="0" id="ixv-46113" unitRef="usd">1018253</abvc:AccruedDirectorAndOfficerCompensation>
    <us-gaap:AccruedRoyaltiesCurrent contextRef="c1" decimals="0" id="ixv-46114" unitRef="usd">255592</us-gaap:AccruedRoyaltiesCurrent>
    <us-gaap:AccruedRoyaltiesCurrent contextRef="c2" decimals="0" id="ixv-46115" unitRef="usd">274028</us-gaap:AccruedRoyaltiesCurrent>
    <us-gaap:EmployeeRelatedLiabilitiesCurrent contextRef="c1" decimals="0" id="ixv-46116" unitRef="usd">126106</us-gaap:EmployeeRelatedLiabilitiesCurrent>
    <us-gaap:EmployeeRelatedLiabilitiesCurrent contextRef="c2" decimals="0" id="ixv-46117" unitRef="usd">29138</us-gaap:EmployeeRelatedLiabilitiesCurrent>
    <us-gaap:OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent contextRef="c1" decimals="0" id="ixv-46118" unitRef="usd">302274</us-gaap:OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent>
    <us-gaap:OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent contextRef="c2" decimals="0" id="ixv-46119" unitRef="usd">427350</us-gaap:OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent>
    <us-gaap:OtherAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilities contextRef="c1" decimals="0" id="ixv-46120" unitRef="usd">3509422</us-gaap:OtherAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilities>
    <us-gaap:OtherAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilities contextRef="c2" decimals="0" id="ixv-46121" unitRef="usd">3548352</us-gaap:OtherAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilities>
    <us-gaap:ShortTermDebtTextBlock contextRef="c7" id="ixv-27952">&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;9. SHORT-TERM LOANS&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt; &lt;td style="width: 24px; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(1)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Short-term loans consists of the following:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/table&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;December&#160;31,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;December&#160;31,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 76%; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Cathay United Bank&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;200,252&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;245,250&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;CTBC Bank&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;610,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;654,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: justify; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Other individual&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;30,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-284"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: justify; padding-bottom: 4pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Total&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;840,252&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;899,250&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;


&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline"&gt;Cathay United Bank&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;On June 28, 2016, BioLite Taiwan and Cathay
United Bank entered into a one-year bank loan agreement (the &#x201c;Cathay United Loan Agreement&#x201d;) in a credit limit amount of
NTD 7.5 million, equivalent to $228,750. The term started June 28, 2016 with maturity date at June 28, 2017. The loan balance bears interest
at a floating rate of prime rate plus 1.31%. The prime rate is based on term deposit saving interest rate of Cathay United Bank. The
Company renews the agreement with the bank every year, and the next renewal date is September 6, 2025. As of December 31, 2024&#160;and
December 31, 2023, the effective interest rates per annum was 2.99%&#160;and 2.87%, respectively. The loan is collateralized by the building
and improvement of BioLite Taiwan, and is also personal guaranteed by the Company&#x2019;s chairman. During the year ended December 31,
2024, the Company made payments of the loan in total of NTD 934,366, equivalent to $29,152.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Interest expenses were $6,891 and $6,856 for
the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline"&gt;CTBC Bank&lt;/span&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;On June 12, 2017 and July 19, 2017, BioLite
Taiwan and CTBC Bank entered into two short-term saving secured bank loan agreements (the &#x201c;CTBC Loan Agreements&#x201d;) in a credit
limit amount of NTD 10 million, equivalent to $327,500, and NTD 10 million, equivalent to $327,500, respectively. Both two loans with
the same maturity date at January 19, 2018. In February 2018, BioLite Taiwan combined two loans and extended the loan contract with CTBC
for one year. The Company renews the agreement with the bank every year, and the next renewal date is February 28, 2025.&#160;The loan
balances bear interest at a fixed rate of 2.5% per annum, and is secured by the money deposited in a savings account with the CTBC Bank.
This loan was also personal guaranteed by the Company&#x2019;s chairman and BioFirst. During the year ended December 31, 2020, BioLite
Taiwan has opened a TCD account with CTBC bank to guarantee the loan going forward.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Interest expenses were $15,557 and $15,610
for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline"&gt;Other individual &#x2013; Third party&lt;/span&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;On March 21, 2024, the Company issued an unsecured
promissory note to a third party for the proceeds of $30,000. The note bears interest rate of 12% per annum and matures on March 21,
2025, or upon the occurrence of an event of default.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Interest expenses were $2,811 for the year
ended December 31, 2024.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:ShortTermDebtTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:ScheduleOfShortTermDebtTextBlock contextRef="c7" id="ixv-27962">&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Short-term loans consists of the following:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;December&#160;31,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;December&#160;31,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 76%; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Cathay United Bank&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;200,252&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;245,250&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;CTBC Bank&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;610,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;654,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: justify; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Other individual&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;30,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-284"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: justify; padding-bottom: 4pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Total&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;840,252&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;899,250&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;</us-gaap:ScheduleOfShortTermDebtTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:ShortTermBorrowings contextRef="c286" decimals="0" id="ixv-46122" unitRef="usd">200252</us-gaap:ShortTermBorrowings>
    <us-gaap:ShortTermBorrowings contextRef="c287" decimals="0" id="ixv-46123" unitRef="usd">245250</us-gaap:ShortTermBorrowings>
    <us-gaap:ShortTermBorrowings contextRef="c299" decimals="0" id="ixv-46124" unitRef="usd">610000</us-gaap:ShortTermBorrowings>
    <us-gaap:ShortTermBorrowings contextRef="c300" decimals="0" id="ixv-46125" unitRef="usd">654000</us-gaap:ShortTermBorrowings>
    <us-gaap:ShortTermBorrowings contextRef="c301" decimals="0" id="ixv-46126" unitRef="usd">30000</us-gaap:ShortTermBorrowings>
    <us-gaap:ShortTermBorrowings contextRef="c1" decimals="0" id="ixv-46127" unitRef="usd">840252</us-gaap:ShortTermBorrowings>
    <us-gaap:ShortTermBorrowings contextRef="c2" decimals="0" id="ixv-46128" unitRef="usd">899250</us-gaap:ShortTermBorrowings>
    <us-gaap:LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity
      contextRef="c283"
      decimals="-5"
      id="ixv-46129"
      unitRef="twd">7500000</us-gaap:LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity>
    <us-gaap:LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity contextRef="c283" decimals="0" id="ixv-46130" unitRef="usd">228750</us-gaap:LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentMaturityDate contextRef="c284" id="ixv-46131">2016-06-28</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentMaturityDate>
    <us-gaap:AccountsPayableInterestBearingInterestRate
      contextRef="c285"
      decimals="4"
      id="ixv-46132"
      unitRef="pure">0.0131</us-gaap:AccountsPayableInterestBearingInterestRate>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentInterestRateEffectivePercentage
      contextRef="c286"
      decimals="4"
      id="ixv-46133"
      unitRef="pure">0.0299</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentInterestRateEffectivePercentage>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentInterestRateEffectivePercentage
      contextRef="c287"
      decimals="4"
      id="ixv-46134"
      unitRef="pure">0.0287</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentInterestRateEffectivePercentage>
    <us-gaap:RepaymentsOfShortTermDebt contextRef="c7" decimals="0" id="ixv-46135" unitRef="twd">934366</us-gaap:RepaymentsOfShortTermDebt>
    <us-gaap:RepaymentsOfShortTermDebt contextRef="c7" decimals="0" id="ixv-46136" unitRef="usd">29152</us-gaap:RepaymentsOfShortTermDebt>
    <us-gaap:InterestExpenseShortTermBorrowings contextRef="c288" decimals="0" id="ixv-46137" unitRef="usd">6891</us-gaap:InterestExpenseShortTermBorrowings>
    <us-gaap:InterestExpenseShortTermBorrowings contextRef="c289" decimals="0" id="ixv-46138" unitRef="usd">6856</us-gaap:InterestExpenseShortTermBorrowings>
    <us-gaap:LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity
      contextRef="c290"
      decimals="-6"
      id="ixv-46139"
      unitRef="twd">10000000</us-gaap:LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity>
    <us-gaap:LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity contextRef="c290" decimals="0" id="ixv-46140" unitRef="usd">327500</us-gaap:LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity>
    <us-gaap:LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity
      contextRef="c291"
      decimals="-6"
      id="ixv-46141"
      unitRef="twd">10000000</us-gaap:LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity>
    <us-gaap:LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity contextRef="c291" decimals="0" id="ixv-46142" unitRef="usd">327500</us-gaap:LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentMaturityDate contextRef="c293" id="ixv-46143">2018-01-19</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentMaturityDate>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentMaturityDate contextRef="c292" id="ixv-46144">2018-01-19</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentMaturityDate>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentTerm contextRef="c294" id="ixv-46145">P1Y</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentTerm>
    <us-gaap:PercentageOfInterestBearingDomesticDepositsToDepositsSavings
      contextRef="c295"
      decimals="3"
      id="ixv-46146"
      unitRef="pure">0.025</us-gaap:PercentageOfInterestBearingDomesticDepositsToDepositsSavings>
    <us-gaap:InterestExpenseShortTermBorrowings contextRef="c7" decimals="0" id="ixv-46147" unitRef="usd">15557</us-gaap:InterestExpenseShortTermBorrowings>
    <us-gaap:InterestExpenseShortTermBorrowings contextRef="c8" decimals="0" id="ixv-46148" unitRef="usd">15610</us-gaap:InterestExpenseShortTermBorrowings>
    <abvc:ProceedsFromIssuanceOfAPromissoryNote contextRef="c296" decimals="0" id="ixv-46149" unitRef="usd">30000</abvc:ProceedsFromIssuanceOfAPromissoryNote>
    <us-gaap:ShortTermDebtPercentageBearingVariableInterestRate
      contextRef="c297"
      decimals="2"
      id="ixv-46150"
      unitRef="pure">0.12</us-gaap:ShortTermDebtPercentageBearingVariableInterestRate>
    <abvc:ShortTermDebtMaturityDate contextRef="c297" id="ixv-46151">2025-03-21</abvc:ShortTermDebtMaturityDate>
    <us-gaap:InterestExpenseShortTermBorrowings contextRef="c298" decimals="0" id="ixv-46152" unitRef="usd">2811</us-gaap:InterestExpenseShortTermBorrowings>
    <us-gaap:RelatedPartyTransactionsDisclosureTextBlock contextRef="c7" id="ixv-28128">&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;10. RELATED PARTIES TRANSACTIONS&lt;/b&gt;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The related parties of the company with whom
transactions are reported in these financial statements are as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt; &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; vertical-align: bottom; width: 30%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Name of entity or Individual&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="vertical-align: top; width: 1%; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; vertical-align: bottom; width: 69%; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Relationship with the Company and its subsidiaries&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;BioFirst Corporation (the &#x201c;BioFirst&#x201d;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Entity controlled by controlling beneficiary shareholder of YuanGene&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top; "&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;BioFirst (Australia) Pty Ltd. (the &#x201c;BioFirst (Australia)&#x201d;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;100% owned by BioFirst; Entity controlled by controlling beneficiary shareholder of YuanGene&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Rgene Corporation (the &#x201c;Rgene&#x201d;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Shareholder of the Company; Entity controlled by controlling beneficiary shareholder of YuanGene; the Chairman of Rgene is Mr. Tsung-Shann Jiang&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top; "&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;GenePharm Inc. (the &#x201c;GenePharm&#x201d;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Dr. George Lee, Board Director of Biokey, is the Chairman of GenePharm.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The Jiangs&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Mr. Tsung-Shann Jiang, the controlling beneficiary shareholder of the Company and Rgene, the Chairman and CEO of the BioLite Holding Inc. and BioLite Inc. and the President and a member of board of directors of BioFirst&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Ms. Shu-Ling Jiang, Mr. Tsung-Shann Jiang&#x2019;s wife, is the Chairman of Keypoint; and a member of board of directors of BioLite Inc.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Mr. Eugene Jiang is Mr. and Ms. Jiang&#x2019;s son. Mr. Eugene Jiang is the chairman, and majority shareholder of the Company and a member of board of directors of BioLite Inc.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Mr. Chang-Jen Jiang is Mr. Tsung-Shann Jiang&#x2019;s sibling and the director of the Company.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Ms. Mei-Ling Jiang is Ms. Shu-Ling Jiang&#x2019;s sibling.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top; "&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;BioLite Japan &#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Entity controlled by controlling beneficiary shareholder of ABVC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;BioHopeKing Corporation (&#x201c;BHK&#x201d;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Entity controlled by controlling beneficiary shareholder of ABVC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top; "&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;AiBtl (Holding) BioPharma, Inc. (&#x201c;AiBtl Holding&#x201d;) &#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Founding shareholder of AiBtl BioPharma Inc.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Jaimes Vargas Russman &#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;CEO of AiBtl BioPharma Inc.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top; "&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Lion Arts Promotion, Inc.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Entity controlled by the Jiangs.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline"&gt;Revenues &#x2013; related parties&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;During the years ended December 31, 2024,
the Company received $296,000 in cash, pursuant to the licensing agreement and related amendment with FEYE, and recognized $296,000 revenue
correspondingly. In addition, the Company received $200,000 during the year ended December 31, 2024, pursuant to the licensing agreement
with OncoX, and recognized revenue correspondingly. Please refer to Note 4, Collaborative Agreements for details.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Year Ended&lt;br/&gt;
    December 31&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 76%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;OncoX&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;200,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-285"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;FEYE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;296,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-286"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Rgene&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-287"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2,055&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Total&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;496,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2,055&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;


&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline"&gt;Consulting fees &#x2013; related parties&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;In March 2024, the Company engaged Lion International
to provide operation, business development, human resources, and capital finance consulting services. The agreement is for 12 months
expiring in February 2025, and is optional for renewal upon mutual agreement. The Company incurred $104,083 for the year ended December
31, 2024. No such consulting service was engaged in year 2023.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline"&gt;Accounts receivable - related parties&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Accounts receivable due from related parties
consisted of the following as of the periods indicated:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;December&#160;31,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;December&#160;31,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;GenePharm Inc.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-288"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-289"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 76%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Rgene&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-290"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;10,463&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; padding-left: 9pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Total&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-291"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;10,463&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;


&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;As of December 31, 2024, management considered
the outstanding accounts receivable from Rgene may not be recoverable, and recognized credit loss in full.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline"&gt;Due from related parties&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Amount due from related parties consisted
of the following as of the periods indicated:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Due from related party- Current&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;December&#160;31,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;December&#160;31,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2024&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 72%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Rgene (1)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 11%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;565,711&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 11%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;541,486&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;BioFirst (2)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;589,340&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;206,087&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Total&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 4.5pt double"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 4.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;1,155,051&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 4.5pt double"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 4.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;747,573&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Due from related parties- Non-current, net&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;December&#160;31,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;December&#160;31,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 76%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;BioFirst (Australia) (3)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;839,983&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;839,983&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;BioHopeKing Corporation (4)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;120,210&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;113,516&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Total&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;1,014,193&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;953,499&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Less: allowance for expected credit losses accounts&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(1,014,193&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(839,983&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 4pt; padding-left: 9pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Net&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-292"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;113,516&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;


&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt; &lt;td style="width: 24px"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(1) &#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;On June 16, 2022, the Company entered into a one-year convertible loan agreement with Rgene, with a principal amount of $1,000,000 to Rgene which bears interest at 5% per annum for the use of working capital that, if fully converted, would result in ABVC owning an additional 6.4% of Rgene. The Company may convert the Note at any time into shares of Rgene&#x2019;s common stock at either (i) a fixed conversion price equal to $1.00 per share or (ii) 20% discount of the stock price of the then most recent offering, whichever is lower; the conversion price is subject to adjustment as set forth in the Note. The Note includes standard events of default, as well as a cross-default provision pursuant to which a breach of the Service Agreement will trigger an event of default under the convertible note if not cured after 5 business days of written notice regarding the breach is provided.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;As of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the outstanding loan balance were both $500,000; and accrued interest was $63,819 and $38,819, respectively.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company has other receivables amounted $1,892 and $2,667, respectively, from Rgene due to daily operations.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p style="margin: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt; &lt;td style="width: 24px; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(2)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;On December&#160;31, 2023, BioLite Taiwan entered into a loan agreement with BioFirst, with a principal amount of NTD 11,072,360 (approximately $337,707), which bears interest at 12% per annum for the use of working capital. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company entered into another loan agreement with BioFirst, with a principal amount of NTD 11,406,000 (approximately $347,883), which bears interest at 12% per annum for the use of working capital. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the outstanding loan balance were NTD 17,571,076 (approximately $535,918) and NTD 6,302,360 ($206,087), respectively; accrued interest was $53,422 and $0, respectively. The Company has received NTD 4,040,000 (approximately $126,048) repayment and expects to receive other repayment within next 12 months.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt; &lt;td style="width: 24px"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(3)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;On July 1, 2020, the Company entered into a loan agreement with BioFirst (Australia) for $361,487 to properly record R&amp;amp;D cost and tax refund allocation based on co-development contract executed on July 24, 2017. The loan was originally set to be mature on September 30, 2021 with an interest rate of 6.5% per annum, but on September 7, 2021, the Company entered into a loan agreement with BioFirst (Australia) for $67,873 to meet its new project needs. On July 27, 2021, the Company repaid a loan 249,975 to BioFirst (Australia). On December 1, 2021, the Company entered into a loan agreement with BioFirst (Australia) for $250,000 to increase the cost for upcoming projects. The loan will be matured on November 30, 2022 with an interest rate of 6.5% per annum. In 2022, the Company entered into several loan agreements with BioFirst (Australia) for a total amount of $507,000 to increase the cost for upcoming projects. &#160;During the first quarter of 2023, the Company entered into several loan agreements with BioFirst (Australia) for a total amount of $88,091 to increase the cost for upcoming projects. During the second quarter of 2023, the Company entered into several loan agreements with BioFirst (Australia) for a total amount of $25,500 to increase the cost for upcoming projects. All the loans period was twelve months with an interest rate of 6.5% per annum. For accounting purpose, the due from and due to related party balances was being net off. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the outstanding loan balances and allocated research fee were both amounted to $681,185, and accrued interest balances were both amounted $158,798.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The business conditions of BioFirst (Australia) deteriorated and, as a result, the Company recognized expected credit losses of $839,983 for the year ended December 31, 2023. The Company stopped accruing interest income recognizing such losses.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/table&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt; &lt;td style="width: 24px; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(4)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;On February 24, 2015, BioLite Taiwan and BioHopeKing Corporation (the &#x201c;BHK&#x201d;) entered into a co-development agreement, (the &#x201c;BHK Co-Development Agreement&#x201d;, see Note 4). The development costs shall be shared 50/50 between BHK and the Company. Under the term of the agreement, BioLite issued relevant development cost to BHK. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, due from BHK was both NTD 3,941,299 (approximately $120,210 and $113,516, respectively). The business conditions of BHK deteriorated and as a result, the Company recognized expected credit losses of $120,210 for the year ended December 31, 2024. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/table&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The Company&#x2019;s due from related parties
are subject to certain risks that our collaborative parties, including OncoX and FEYE, would face. Such risks exist in future market
conditions, macro economy, legal and regulatory, results of clinical trials and product developments, and among others. As of December
31, 2024, the Company&#x2019;s comprehensive review of these due from related party balances indicates that there are no expected losses
except those being recognized above. This conclusion is based on the business relationships with our related parties and the absence
of any significant indicators of potential default.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline"&gt;Due to related parties&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Amount due to related parties consisted of
the following as of the periods indicated:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;December&#160;31,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;December&#160;31,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;AiBtl Holding (1)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;348,219&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-293"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 76%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The Jiangs (2)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;274,170&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;19,789&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Shareholders (3)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;142,130&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;152,382&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Directors (4)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;8,526&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;1,322&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Total&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;773,045&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;173,493&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt; &lt;td style="width: 24px; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(1)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;On April 11, 2024, May 10, 2024, August 15, 2024, and December 24, 2024, AiBtl received short-term loans from its founding shareholder, AiBtl Holding, for the principal amounts of $40,000, $60,000, $33,732, and $214,487, respectively, for the purpose of daily operations. These loans do not bear interest and are payable on demand. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(2)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Since 2019, the Jiangs advanced funds to the Company for working capital purpose. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the outstanding balance due to the Jiangs amounted to $274,170 and $19,789, respectively. These loans bear no interest and are due on demand.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt; &lt;td style="width: 24px; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(3)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Since 2018, the Company&#x2019;s shareholders have advanced funds to the Company for working capital purpose. The advances bear interest rate around 12% per annum. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the outstanding principal and accrued interest was $172,112 and $152,382, respectively. Interest expenses in connection with these loans were $21,101 and $20,094 for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/table&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -24.1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt; &lt;td style="width: 24px; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(4)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, due to Directors amounted to $8,526 and $1,322, respectively, were related to the daily operating expenses in 2024 and entity setup fee in 2023 paid by the Directors of AiBtl on behalf of the entity.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/table&gt;</us-gaap:RelatedPartyTransactionsDisclosureTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:ScheduleOfRelatedPartyTransactionsTableTextBlock contextRef="c7" id="ixv-28133">&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The related parties of the company with whom
transactions are reported in these financial statements are as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt; &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; vertical-align: bottom; width: 30%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Name of entity or Individual&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="vertical-align: top; width: 1%; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; vertical-align: bottom; width: 69%; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Relationship with the Company and its subsidiaries&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;BioFirst Corporation (the &#x201c;BioFirst&#x201d;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Entity controlled by controlling beneficiary shareholder of YuanGene&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top; "&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;BioFirst (Australia) Pty Ltd. (the &#x201c;BioFirst (Australia)&#x201d;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;100% owned by BioFirst; Entity controlled by controlling beneficiary shareholder of YuanGene&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Rgene Corporation (the &#x201c;Rgene&#x201d;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Shareholder of the Company; Entity controlled by controlling beneficiary shareholder of YuanGene; the Chairman of Rgene is Mr. Tsung-Shann Jiang&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top; "&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;GenePharm Inc. (the &#x201c;GenePharm&#x201d;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Dr. George Lee, Board Director of Biokey, is the Chairman of GenePharm.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The Jiangs&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Mr. Tsung-Shann Jiang, the controlling beneficiary shareholder of the Company and Rgene, the Chairman and CEO of the BioLite Holding Inc. and BioLite Inc. and the President and a member of board of directors of BioFirst&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Ms. Shu-Ling Jiang, Mr. Tsung-Shann Jiang&#x2019;s wife, is the Chairman of Keypoint; and a member of board of directors of BioLite Inc.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Mr. Eugene Jiang is Mr. and Ms. Jiang&#x2019;s son. Mr. Eugene Jiang is the chairman, and majority shareholder of the Company and a member of board of directors of BioLite Inc.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Mr. Chang-Jen Jiang is Mr. Tsung-Shann Jiang&#x2019;s sibling and the director of the Company.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Ms. Mei-Ling Jiang is Ms. Shu-Ling Jiang&#x2019;s sibling.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top; "&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;BioLite Japan &#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Entity controlled by controlling beneficiary shareholder of ABVC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;BioHopeKing Corporation (&#x201c;BHK&#x201d;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Entity controlled by controlling beneficiary shareholder of ABVC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top; "&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;AiBtl (Holding) BioPharma, Inc. (&#x201c;AiBtl Holding&#x201d;) &#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Founding shareholder of AiBtl BioPharma Inc.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Jaimes Vargas Russman &#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;CEO of AiBtl BioPharma Inc.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top; "&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Lion Arts Promotion, Inc.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Entity controlled by the Jiangs.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/table&gt;</us-gaap:ScheduleOfRelatedPartyTransactionsTableTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:RelatedPartyTransactionDescriptionOfTransaction contextRef="c334" id="ixv-28154">Entity controlled by controlling beneficiary shareholder of YuanGene</us-gaap:RelatedPartyTransactionDescriptionOfTransaction>
    <us-gaap:RelatedPartyTransactionDescriptionOfTransaction contextRef="c335" id="ixv-28162">100% owned by BioFirst; Entity controlled by controlling beneficiary shareholder of YuanGene</us-gaap:RelatedPartyTransactionDescriptionOfTransaction>
    <us-gaap:RelatedPartyTransactionDescriptionOfTransaction contextRef="c336" id="ixv-28170">Shareholder of the Company; Entity controlled by controlling beneficiary shareholder of YuanGene; the Chairman of Rgene is Mr. Tsung-Shann Jiang</us-gaap:RelatedPartyTransactionDescriptionOfTransaction>
    <us-gaap:RelatedPartyTransactionDescriptionOfTransaction contextRef="c337" id="ixv-28178">Dr. George Lee, Board Director of Biokey, is the Chairman of GenePharm.</us-gaap:RelatedPartyTransactionDescriptionOfTransaction>
    <us-gaap:RelatedPartyTransactionDescriptionOfTransaction contextRef="c338" id="ixv-28186">Mr. Tsung-Shann Jiang, the controlling beneficiary shareholder of the Company and Rgene, the Chairman and CEO of the BioLite Holding Inc. and BioLite Inc. and the President and a member of board of directors of BioFirst &#160; Ms. Shu-Ling Jiang, Mr. Tsung-Shann Jiang&#x2019;s wife, is the Chairman of Keypoint; and a member of board of directors of BioLite Inc. &#160; Mr. Eugene Jiang is Mr. and Ms. Jiang&#x2019;s son. Mr. Eugene Jiang is the chairman, and majority shareholder of the Company and a member of board of directors of BioLite Inc. &#160; Mr. Chang-Jen Jiang is Mr. Tsung-Shann Jiang&#x2019;s sibling and the director of the Company. &#160; Ms. Mei-Ling Jiang is Ms. Shu-Ling Jiang&#x2019;s sibling.</us-gaap:RelatedPartyTransactionDescriptionOfTransaction>
    <us-gaap:RelatedPartyTransactionDescriptionOfTransaction contextRef="c339" id="ixv-28211">Entity controlled by controlling beneficiary shareholder of ABVC</us-gaap:RelatedPartyTransactionDescriptionOfTransaction>
    <us-gaap:RelatedPartyTransactionDescriptionOfTransaction contextRef="c340" id="ixv-28219">Entity controlled by controlling beneficiary shareholder of ABVC</us-gaap:RelatedPartyTransactionDescriptionOfTransaction>
    <us-gaap:RelatedPartyTransactionDescriptionOfTransaction contextRef="c341" id="ixv-28227">Founding shareholder of AiBtl BioPharma Inc.</us-gaap:RelatedPartyTransactionDescriptionOfTransaction>
    <us-gaap:RelatedPartyTransactionDescriptionOfTransaction contextRef="c342" id="ixv-28235">CEO of AiBtl BioPharma Inc.</us-gaap:RelatedPartyTransactionDescriptionOfTransaction>
    <us-gaap:RelatedPartyTransactionDescriptionOfTransaction contextRef="c343" id="ixv-28243">Entity controlled by the Jiangs.</us-gaap:RelatedPartyTransactionDescriptionOfTransaction>
    <abvc:ScheduleOfPursuantLicensingAgreementRelatedAmendmentTableTextBLock contextRef="c7" id="ixv-28251">&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;During the years ended December 31, 2024,
the Company received $296,000 in cash, pursuant to the licensing agreement and related amendment with FEYE, and recognized $296,000 revenue
correspondingly. In addition, the Company received $200,000 during the year ended December 31, 2024, pursuant to the licensing agreement
with OncoX, and recognized revenue correspondingly. Please refer to Note 4, Collaborative Agreements for details.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Year Ended&lt;br/&gt;
    December 31&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 76%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;OncoX&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;200,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-285"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;FEYE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;296,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-286"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Rgene&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-287"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2,055&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Total&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;496,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2,055&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;</abvc:ScheduleOfPursuantLicensingAgreementRelatedAmendmentTableTextBLock>
    <abvc:LicensingAgreement contextRef="c303" decimals="0" id="ixv-46153" unitRef="usd">296000</abvc:LicensingAgreement>
    <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerIncludingAssessedTax contextRef="c303" decimals="0" id="ixv-46154" unitRef="usd">296000</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerIncludingAssessedTax>
    <us-gaap:ContractWithCustomerLiabilityRevenueRecognized contextRef="c304" decimals="0" id="ixv-46155" unitRef="usd">200000</us-gaap:ContractWithCustomerLiabilityRevenueRecognized>
    <us-gaap:Revenues contextRef="c344" decimals="0" id="ixv-46156" unitRef="usd">200000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues contextRef="c346" decimals="0" id="ixv-46157" unitRef="usd">296000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues contextRef="c349" decimals="0" id="ixv-46158" unitRef="usd">2055</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues contextRef="c350" decimals="0" id="ixv-46159" unitRef="usd">496000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues contextRef="c351" decimals="0" id="ixv-46160" unitRef="usd">2055</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:RelatedPartyTransactionAmountsOfTransaction contextRef="c7" decimals="0" id="ixv-46161" unitRef="usd">104083</us-gaap:RelatedPartyTransactionAmountsOfTransaction>
    <abvc:ScheduleOfAccountsReceivableDueFromRelatedPartiesTableTextBlock contextRef="c7" id="ixv-28375">&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Accounts receivable due from related parties
consisted of the following as of the periods indicated:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;December&#160;31,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;December&#160;31,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;GenePharm Inc.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-288"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-289"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 76%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Rgene&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-290"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;10,463&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; padding-left: 9pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Total&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-291"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;10,463&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;</abvc:ScheduleOfAccountsReceivableDueFromRelatedPartiesTableTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:AccountsAndOtherReceivablesNetCurrent contextRef="c234" decimals="0" id="ixv-46162" unitRef="usd">10463</us-gaap:AccountsAndOtherReceivablesNetCurrent>
    <us-gaap:AccountsAndOtherReceivablesNetCurrent contextRef="c4" decimals="0" id="ixv-46163" unitRef="usd">10463</us-gaap:AccountsAndOtherReceivablesNetCurrent>
    <abvc:ScheduleOfDueFromRelatedPartyCurrentAndNonCurrentTableTextBlock contextRef="c7" id="ixv-28501">&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Due from related party- Current&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;December&#160;31,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;December&#160;31,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2024&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 72%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Rgene (1)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 11%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;565,711&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 11%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;541,486&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;BioFirst (2)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;589,340&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;206,087&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Total&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 4.5pt double"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 4.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;1,155,051&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 4.5pt double"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 4.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;747,573&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Due from related parties- Non-current, net&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;December&#160;31,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;December&#160;31,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 76%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;BioFirst (Australia) (3)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;839,983&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;839,983&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;BioHopeKing Corporation (4)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;120,210&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;113,516&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Total&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;1,014,193&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;953,499&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Less: allowance for expected credit losses accounts&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(1,014,193&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(839,983&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 4pt; padding-left: 9pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Net&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-292"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;113,516&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;


&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt; &lt;td style="width: 24px"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(1) &#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;On June 16, 2022, the Company entered into a one-year convertible loan agreement with Rgene, with a principal amount of $1,000,000 to Rgene which bears interest at 5% per annum for the use of working capital that, if fully converted, would result in ABVC owning an additional 6.4% of Rgene. The Company may convert the Note at any time into shares of Rgene&#x2019;s common stock at either (i) a fixed conversion price equal to $1.00 per share or (ii) 20% discount of the stock price of the then most recent offering, whichever is lower; the conversion price is subject to adjustment as set forth in the Note. The Note includes standard events of default, as well as a cross-default provision pursuant to which a breach of the Service Agreement will trigger an event of default under the convertible note if not cured after 5 business days of written notice regarding the breach is provided.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;As of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the outstanding loan balance were both $500,000; and accrued interest was $63,819 and $38,819, respectively.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company has other receivables amounted $1,892 and $2,667, respectively, from Rgene due to daily operations.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p style="margin: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt; &lt;td style="width: 24px; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(2)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;On December&#160;31, 2023, BioLite Taiwan entered into a loan agreement with BioFirst, with a principal amount of NTD 11,072,360 (approximately $337,707), which bears interest at 12% per annum for the use of working capital. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company entered into another loan agreement with BioFirst, with a principal amount of NTD 11,406,000 (approximately $347,883), which bears interest at 12% per annum for the use of working capital. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the outstanding loan balance were NTD 17,571,076 (approximately $535,918) and NTD 6,302,360 ($206,087), respectively; accrued interest was $53,422 and $0, respectively. The Company has received NTD 4,040,000 (approximately $126,048) repayment and expects to receive other repayment within next 12 months.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt; &lt;td style="width: 24px"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(3)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;On July 1, 2020, the Company entered into a loan agreement with BioFirst (Australia) for $361,487 to properly record R&amp;amp;D cost and tax refund allocation based on co-development contract executed on July 24, 2017. The loan was originally set to be mature on September 30, 2021 with an interest rate of 6.5% per annum, but on September 7, 2021, the Company entered into a loan agreement with BioFirst (Australia) for $67,873 to meet its new project needs. On July 27, 2021, the Company repaid a loan 249,975 to BioFirst (Australia). On December 1, 2021, the Company entered into a loan agreement with BioFirst (Australia) for $250,000 to increase the cost for upcoming projects. The loan will be matured on November 30, 2022 with an interest rate of 6.5% per annum. In 2022, the Company entered into several loan agreements with BioFirst (Australia) for a total amount of $507,000 to increase the cost for upcoming projects. &#160;During the first quarter of 2023, the Company entered into several loan agreements with BioFirst (Australia) for a total amount of $88,091 to increase the cost for upcoming projects. During the second quarter of 2023, the Company entered into several loan agreements with BioFirst (Australia) for a total amount of $25,500 to increase the cost for upcoming projects. All the loans period was twelve months with an interest rate of 6.5% per annum. For accounting purpose, the due from and due to related party balances was being net off. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the outstanding loan balances and allocated research fee were both amounted to $681,185, and accrued interest balances were both amounted $158,798.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The business conditions of BioFirst (Australia) deteriorated and, as a result, the Company recognized expected credit losses of $839,983 for the year ended December 31, 2023. The Company stopped accruing interest income recognizing such losses.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/table&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt; &lt;td style="width: 24px; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(4)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;On February 24, 2015, BioLite Taiwan and BioHopeKing Corporation (the &#x201c;BHK&#x201d;) entered into a co-development agreement, (the &#x201c;BHK Co-Development Agreement&#x201d;, see Note 4). The development costs shall be shared 50/50 between BHK and the Company. Under the term of the agreement, BioLite issued relevant development cost to BHK. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, due from BHK was both NTD 3,941,299 (approximately $120,210 and $113,516, respectively). The business conditions of BHK deteriorated and as a result, the Company recognized expected credit losses of $120,210 for the year ended December 31, 2024. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/table&gt;</abvc:ScheduleOfDueFromRelatedPartyCurrentAndNonCurrentTableTextBlock>
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    <us-gaap:OtherReceivableAfterAllowanceForCreditLossNoncurrent contextRef="c324" decimals="0" id="ixv-46178" unitRef="usd">113516</us-gaap:OtherReceivableAfterAllowanceForCreditLossNoncurrent>
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    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentIncreaseAccruedInterest contextRef="c313" decimals="0" id="ixv-46199" unitRef="usd">53422</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentIncreaseAccruedInterest>
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    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentInterestRateTerms contextRef="c322" id="ixv-46219">The development costs shall be shared 50/50 between BHK and the Company. Under the term of the agreement, BioLite issued relevant development cost to BHK.</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentInterestRateTerms>
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    <abvc:ScheduleOfAmountDueToRelatedPartiesTableTextBlock contextRef="c7" id="ixv-28811">&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Amount due to related parties consisted of
the following as of the periods indicated:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;December&#160;31,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;December&#160;31,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;AiBtl Holding (1)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;348,219&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-293"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 76%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The Jiangs (2)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;274,170&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;19,789&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Shareholders (3)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;142,130&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;152,382&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Directors (4)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;8,526&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;1,322&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Total&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;773,045&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;173,493&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt; &lt;td style="width: 24px; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(1)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;On April 11, 2024, May 10, 2024, August 15, 2024, and December 24, 2024, AiBtl received short-term loans from its founding shareholder, AiBtl Holding, for the principal amounts of $40,000, $60,000, $33,732, and $214,487, respectively, for the purpose of daily operations. These loans do not bear interest and are payable on demand. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(2)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Since 2019, the Jiangs advanced funds to the Company for working capital purpose. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the outstanding balance due to the Jiangs amounted to $274,170 and $19,789, respectively. These loans bear no interest and are due on demand.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt; &lt;td style="width: 24px; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(3)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Since 2018, the Company&#x2019;s shareholders have advanced funds to the Company for working capital purpose. The advances bear interest rate around 12% per annum. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the outstanding principal and accrued interest was $172,112 and $152,382, respectively. Interest expenses in connection with these loans were $21,101 and $20,094 for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/table&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -24.1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt; &lt;td style="width: 24px; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(4)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, due to Directors amounted to $8,526 and $1,322, respectively, were related to the daily operating expenses in 2024 and entity setup fee in 2023 paid by the Directors of AiBtl on behalf of the entity.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/table&gt;</abvc:ScheduleOfAmountDueToRelatedPartiesTableTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:OtherLiabilitiesCurrent
      contextRef="c359"
      decimals="0"
      id="ix_53_fact"
      unitRef="usd">348219</us-gaap:OtherLiabilitiesCurrent>
    <us-gaap:OtherLiabilitiesCurrent
      contextRef="c361"
      decimals="0"
      id="ix_54_fact"
      unitRef="usd">274170</us-gaap:OtherLiabilitiesCurrent>
    <us-gaap:OtherLiabilitiesCurrent
      contextRef="c362"
      decimals="0"
      id="ix_55_fact"
      unitRef="usd">19789</us-gaap:OtherLiabilitiesCurrent>
    <us-gaap:OtherLiabilitiesCurrent
      contextRef="c363"
      decimals="0"
      id="ix_56_fact"
      unitRef="usd">142130</us-gaap:OtherLiabilitiesCurrent>
    <us-gaap:OtherLiabilitiesCurrent
      contextRef="c364"
      decimals="0"
      id="ix_57_fact"
      unitRef="usd">152382</us-gaap:OtherLiabilitiesCurrent>
    <us-gaap:OtherLiabilitiesCurrent
      contextRef="c365"
      decimals="0"
      id="ix_58_fact"
      unitRef="usd">8526</us-gaap:OtherLiabilitiesCurrent>
    <us-gaap:OtherLiabilitiesCurrent
      contextRef="c366"
      decimals="0"
      id="ix_59_fact"
      unitRef="usd">1322</us-gaap:OtherLiabilitiesCurrent>
    <us-gaap:OtherLiabilitiesCurrent contextRef="c356" decimals="0" id="ixv-46231" unitRef="usd">773045</us-gaap:OtherLiabilitiesCurrent>
    <us-gaap:OtherLiabilitiesCurrent contextRef="c324" decimals="0" id="ixv-46232" unitRef="usd">173493</us-gaap:OtherLiabilitiesCurrent>
    <us-gaap:ShortTermBorrowings contextRef="c326" decimals="0" id="ixv-46234" unitRef="usd">40000</us-gaap:ShortTermBorrowings>
    <us-gaap:ShortTermBorrowings contextRef="c327" decimals="0" id="ixv-46235" unitRef="usd">60000</us-gaap:ShortTermBorrowings>
    <us-gaap:ShortTermBorrowings contextRef="c328" decimals="0" id="ixv-46236" unitRef="usd">33732</us-gaap:ShortTermBorrowings>
    <us-gaap:ShortTermBorrowings contextRef="c329" decimals="0" id="ixv-46237" unitRef="usd">214487</us-gaap:ShortTermBorrowings>
    <abvc:OutstandingBalanceAmount contextRef="c1" decimals="0" id="ixv-46238" unitRef="usd">274170</abvc:OutstandingBalanceAmount>
    <abvc:OutstandingBalanceAmount contextRef="c2" decimals="0" id="ixv-46239" unitRef="usd">19789</abvc:OutstandingBalanceAmount>
    <us-gaap:AccountsPayableInterestBearingInterestRate contextRef="c97" decimals="2" id="ixv-46240" unitRef="pure">0.12</us-gaap:AccountsPayableInterestBearingInterestRate>
    <abvc:OutstandingPrincipalAmount contextRef="c1" decimals="0" id="ixv-46241" unitRef="usd">172112</abvc:OutstandingPrincipalAmount>
    <abvc:OutstandingPrincipalAmount contextRef="c2" decimals="0" id="ixv-46242" unitRef="usd">152382</abvc:OutstandingPrincipalAmount>
    <us-gaap:InterestExpenseOther contextRef="c330" decimals="0" id="ixv-46243" unitRef="usd">21101</us-gaap:InterestExpenseOther>
    <us-gaap:InterestExpenseOther contextRef="c331" decimals="0" id="ixv-46244" unitRef="usd">20094</us-gaap:InterestExpenseOther>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentIncreaseAccruedInterest contextRef="c332" decimals="0" id="ixv-46245" unitRef="usd">8526</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentIncreaseAccruedInterest>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentIncreaseAccruedInterest contextRef="c333" decimals="0" id="ixv-46246" unitRef="usd">1322</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentIncreaseAccruedInterest>
    <us-gaap:IncomeTaxDisclosureTextBlock contextRef="c7" id="ixv-28995">&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;11. INCOME TAXES&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Income tax
(benefit) expense for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 consisted of the following:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Year Ended&lt;br/&gt; December 31,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Current:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Federal&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-294"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-295"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;State&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-296"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-297"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 76%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Foreign&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(110,539&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;140,338&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 4pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Total Current&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(110,539&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;140,338&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Deferred:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Federal&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-298"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-299"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;State&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-300"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-301"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Foreign&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-302"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;115,668&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 4pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Total Deferred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-303"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;115,668&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 4pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Total provision for income tax (benefit) expense&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(110,539&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;256,006&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;


&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Deferred tax assets (liability)
as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 consist approximately of:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;December&#160;31,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;December&#160;31,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 76%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Loss on impairment of Assets&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;713,223&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;713,223&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Net operating loss carryforwards&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;5,677,413&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;5,018,343&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Operating lease liabilities&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;178,014&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;213,482&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Operating lease assets&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(178,014&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(213,482&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Deferred tax assets, Gross&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;6,390,636&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;5,731,566&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Valuation allowance&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(6,390,636&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(5,731,566&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 4pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Deferred tax assets, net&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-304"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-305"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;</us-gaap:IncomeTaxDisclosureTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:ScheduleOfComponentsOfIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitTableTextBlock contextRef="c7" id="ixv-29000">&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Income tax
(benefit) expense for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 consisted of the following:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Year Ended&lt;br/&gt; December 31,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Current:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Federal&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-294"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-295"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;State&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-296"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-297"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 76%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Foreign&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(110,539&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;140,338&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 4pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Total Current&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(110,539&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;140,338&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Deferred:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Federal&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-298"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-299"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;State&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-300"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-301"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Foreign&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-302"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;115,668&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 4pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Total Deferred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-303"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;115,668&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 4pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Total provision for income tax (benefit) expense&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(110,539&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;256,006&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;</us-gaap:ScheduleOfComponentsOfIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitTableTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:CurrentForeignTaxExpenseBenefit contextRef="c7" decimals="0" id="ixv-46247" unitRef="usd">-110539</us-gaap:CurrentForeignTaxExpenseBenefit>
    <us-gaap:CurrentForeignTaxExpenseBenefit contextRef="c8" decimals="0" id="ixv-46248" unitRef="usd">140338</us-gaap:CurrentForeignTaxExpenseBenefit>
    <us-gaap:CurrentIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit contextRef="c7" decimals="0" id="ixv-46249" unitRef="usd">-110539</us-gaap:CurrentIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit>
    <us-gaap:CurrentIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit contextRef="c8" decimals="0" id="ixv-46250" unitRef="usd">140338</us-gaap:CurrentIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit>
    <us-gaap:DeferredForeignIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit contextRef="c8" decimals="0" id="ixv-46251" unitRef="usd">115668</us-gaap:DeferredForeignIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit>
    <us-gaap:DeferredIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit contextRef="c8" decimals="0" id="ixv-46252" unitRef="usd">115668</us-gaap:DeferredIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit>
    <us-gaap:IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit contextRef="c7" decimals="0" id="ixv-46253" unitRef="usd">-110539</us-gaap:IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit>
    <us-gaap:IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit contextRef="c8" decimals="0" id="ixv-46254" unitRef="usd">256006</us-gaap:IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit>
    <us-gaap:ScheduleOfDeferredTaxAssetsAndLiabilitiesTableTextBlock contextRef="c7" id="ixv-29248">&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Deferred tax assets (liability)
as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 consist approximately of:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;December&#160;31,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;December&#160;31,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 76%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Loss on impairment of Assets&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;713,223&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;713,223&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Net operating loss carryforwards&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;5,677,413&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;5,018,343&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Operating lease liabilities&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;178,014&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;213,482&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Operating lease assets&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(178,014&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(213,482&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Deferred tax assets, Gross&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;6,390,636&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;5,731,566&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Valuation allowance&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(6,390,636&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(5,731,566&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 4pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Deferred tax assets, net&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-304"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-305"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;</us-gaap:ScheduleOfDeferredTaxAssetsAndLiabilitiesTableTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsOther contextRef="c1" decimals="0" id="ixv-46255" unitRef="usd">-713223</us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsOther>
    <us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsOther contextRef="c2" decimals="0" id="ixv-46256" unitRef="usd">-713223</us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsOther>
    <us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwardsForeign contextRef="c1" decimals="0" id="ixv-46257" unitRef="usd">5677413</us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwardsForeign>
    <us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwardsForeign contextRef="c2" decimals="0" id="ixv-46258" unitRef="usd">5018343</us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwardsForeign>
    <abvc:OperatingLeaseLiabilities contextRef="c1" decimals="0" id="ixv-46259" unitRef="usd">-178014</abvc:OperatingLeaseLiabilities>
    <abvc:OperatingLeaseLiabilities contextRef="c2" decimals="0" id="ixv-46260" unitRef="usd">-213482</abvc:OperatingLeaseLiabilities>
    <abvc:DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLeaseAssets contextRef="c1" decimals="0" id="ixv-46261" unitRef="usd">-178014</abvc:DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLeaseAssets>
    <abvc:DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLeaseAssets contextRef="c2" decimals="0" id="ixv-46262" unitRef="usd">-213482</abvc:DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLeaseAssets>
    <us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsGross contextRef="c1" decimals="0" id="ixv-46263" unitRef="usd">6390636</us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsGross>
    <us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsGross contextRef="c2" decimals="0" id="ixv-46264" unitRef="usd">5731566</us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsGross>
    <us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance contextRef="c1" decimals="0" id="ixv-46265" unitRef="usd">6390636</us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance>
    <us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance contextRef="c2" decimals="0" id="ixv-46266" unitRef="usd">5731566</us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance>
    <us-gaap:StockholdersEquityNoteDisclosureTextBlock contextRef="c7" id="ixv-29423">&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;12. EQUITY&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The Company previously reported that during
the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company entered into service agreements with Euro-Asia Investment &amp;amp; Finance Corp Ltd. (a related
party), Ever Adventure inv. (Formosa) Consultant Co., Ltd., New Eastern Asia (a related party), and Kimho Consultants Co., Ltd. (a related
party) for the maintenance of the listing in the U.S. stock exchange market, investor relations, and business development. Pursuant to
the agreements, the Company issued 644,972 shares of the Company&#x2019;s common stock for the consulting service from July 2019 to July
2024 for the service fee of $4,514,800 in aggregate, and recorded as stock subscription receivable. For the years ended December 31,
2024 (through June 30, 2024) and 2023, stock subscription receivable recognized as stock-based compensation in equity was $451,480 and
$902,960, respectively.&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;After further reviewed and investigation,
above services were completely provided by December 31, 2022. Pursuant to ASC 718, the costs of services should be recognized along with
the period when services are received. Therefore, the Company reversed share-based compensation expenses of $451,480 and $902,960 for
the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The accumulated deficit as of December 31, 2022 was corrected with the Stock
Subscription Receivables for $1,354,440 as a result of such adjustments.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;On January 3, 2023, the Company issued&#160;22,341&#160;common
stock (post-split) to a consultant for providing consulting services on listing to NASDAQ in 2021.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;On July 27, 2023, the Company entered into
that certain securities purchase agreement. relating to the offer and sale of 30,000 shares of common stock (post-split) and 20,000 pre-funded
warrants (post-split), at an exercise price of $0.001 per share, in a registered direct offering. Pursuant to the Purchase Agreement,
the Company agreed to sell the Shares and/or Pre-funded Warrants at a per share purchase price of $3.50, for gross proceeds of $1,750,000,
before deducting any estimated offering expenses. On August 1, 2023, 200,000&#160;pre-funded warrants were exercised.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;On August 14, 2023, the Company entered into
a cooperation agreement with Zhonghui. Pursuant thereto, the Company expect to receive 20% of the ownership of a property and the parcel
of the land owned by Zhonghui in Leshan, Sichuan, China. During the third quarter of 2023, the Company issued to Zhonghui, an aggregate
of 370,000 shares (post-split) of the Company&#x2019;s common stock, at a per share price of $1.87, for $691,900.&#160;The Company also
issued 29,600 common stock to consultants for providing consulting services on the above transaction. Please refer Note 2 for the restatement
of prior year reported amounts.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;On January 27, 2024, the Company granted 1,302,726
restricted shares to its employees and directors under the 2016 Equity Incentive Plan as compensation for their previous services, with
an issuance date of February 2, 2024. These shares are subject to a three-year restriction period.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;On February 6, 2024, the Company entered into
a definitive agreement with Shuling Jiang (&#x201c;Shuling&#x201d;), pursuant to which Shuling shall transfer the ownership of certain
land she owns located at Taoyuan City, Taiwan (the &#x201c;Land&#x201d;) to the Company (the &#x201c;Agreement&#x201d;). Shuling is a director
of the Company, is married to TS Jiang, the Company&#x2019;s Chief Strategic Officer and owns approximately 15.4% of the Company&#x2019;s
issued and outstanding shares of common stock. In consideration for the Land, the Company was to pay Shuling (i) 703,496 restricted shares
of the Company&#x2019;s common stock (the &#x201c;Shares&#x201d;) at a price of $3.50 per share and (ii) five-year warrants to purchase
up to 1,000,000 shares of the Company&#x2019;s common stock, with an exercise price of $2.00 per share. Under the Agreement, Shuling was
to also transfer outstanding liability owed on the Land (approximately $500,000) to the Company. On May 16, 2024, the Company&#x2019;s
board of directors determined that it was in the best interest of the Company and its shareholders to terminate the Agreement and not
proceed with the transfer of land ownership; the Company may reconsider the transaction at a later date. The shares were returned and
booked as treasury stock, and the warrants were not issued.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;On May 24, 2024, the Company issued 200,000
shares of common stock to a consultant for providing business and funding opportunities.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;In June 2024, the Company entered into a stock
purchase agreement with an investor, which the Company issued 41,387 shares of common stock at $0.75 per share to the investor for cash.
Due to certain stock transfer processes, one of the Company&#x2019;s shareholders transferred such shares to the investor on behalf of
the company in July 2024; the company plans to issue the same number of shares to the transferring shareholder soon.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;In July 2024, the Company entered into an
agreement with its landlord in California, pursuant that the Company will make the rent payments in the Company&#x2019;s common stocks.
As of December 31, 2024, the Company has issued 399,384 shares with average issuance price of $0.68 per share, for the monthly rent from
April 2024 and half month of December 2024, in total of $271,827. The Company subsequently issued 80,654 shares of its common stock for
each of the half month rent in the first quarter of 2025.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline"&gt;Noncontrolling Interests&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;AiBtl was incorporated
in January 2023 and issued &lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-309"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-310"&gt;20,000,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; shares of its common stocks to the founding shareholder AiBtl Holding with the par value $0.0001,
for $2,000 at the time of incorporation. Due to certain administrative process, the previous issuance was not correctly and timely recorded
at AiBtl&#x2019;s book which resulted in the correction of the previous reported non-controlling interest equity balance. Later in December
2023, AiBtl issued 23,000,000 shares to ABVC and 23,000,000 shares to BioLite, respectively, as a consideration for the Company&#x2019;s
out-licensing products, as disclosed in Note 4. At the close of the transaction, AiBtl became the Company&#x2019;s 60.70% owned subsidiary
included in the consolidated financial statements.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;On March 14, 2024, AiBtl issued 1,610,700
AiBtl&#x2019;s common stocks to a land acquisition transaction in Taiwan, including the 1-year business consulting fee of $383,500 incurred
beginning in November 2023, and the cost of land $7,670,000. Due to certain administrative processes and restrictions, AiBtl has not
acquired ownership of the land and no asset was recognized.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Yunzhiyi, a Taiwan corporation, was incorporated
in August 2024, with 90% owned by BioLite Taiwan and 10% owned by Shuling Jiang, the Company&#x2019;s director. This entity is set up
for holding the land that AiBtl acquired in Taiwan for developing health related business in Taiwan. Due to certain administrative processes
and restrictions, the title transfer has not completed, and no asset was recognized as of the issuance of this report. However, AiBtl
entered a series of agreements with the sellers in March 2025, to obtain the complete rights and obligations of the land while in the
process of transferring the title. These agreements are effective until the tile transfer is completed. AiBtl recognized such asset on
its balance sheet in March 2025.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline"&gt;Lind Offerings and Repayments&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;On February 23, 2023, in connection with the
issuance of the Lind Note (referring to Note 7), the Company issued Lind a 5-year term of common stock purchase warrant to purchase up
to 529,167 shares (post-split) of the Company&#x2019;s common stock at an initial exercise price of $10.5 per share (post-split), subject
to adjustment. The warrant exercise price was reset to $3.5 in accordance with the issuance of common stock in relation to securities
purchase agreement in July 2023. On May 22, 2024, the exercise price of these warrants was further reset to $0.75 along with the immediate
exercise of existing warrants and issuance of the New Warrants.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;During the years ended December 31, 2024 and
2023, the Company has made repayment of Lind Note with the Company&#x2019;s common stock for 1,705,303 shares and 3,732,167 shares, respectively,
totaling $593,714 and $1,786,686, respectively. As of December 31, 2024, the first Lind Note was fully repaid.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;On November 17, 2023, in connection with the
issuance of the 2&lt;sup&gt;nd&lt;/sup&gt; Lind Note (referring to Note 7), Lind also received a 5-year term of common stock purchase warrants to
purchase up to 1,000,000 shares of the Company&#x2019;s common stock at an initial exercise price of $2 per share. The warrants were valued
using the Black-Scholes model and the fair value was determined to be $480,795, which was recorded as a debt discount.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;On January 17, 2024, in connection with the
issuance of the 3&lt;sup&gt;rd&lt;/sup&gt; Lind Note (referring to Note 7), Lind also received 5-year term of common stock purchase warrants to purchase
up to 1,000,000 shares of the Company&#x2019;s common stock at an initial exercise price of $2 per share.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;On May 22, 2024, the Company and Lind entered
into a letter agreement, pursuant to which Lind will exercise, for cash, 1,000,000 of its Pre-Existing Warrants (all of the warrants
issued to Lind on February 23, 2023, November 17, 2023 and January 17, 2024 are hereinafter referred to as the &#x201c;Pre-Existing Warrants&#x201d;),
to purchase shares of Common Stock at a reduced exercise price of $0.75 per share. Such 1,000,000 Pre-Existing Warrants exercised include
529,167 warrants issued in February 2023 and 470,833 warrants issued in November 2023. Concurrently, the exercise price of all Pre-Existing
Warrants was reduced to $0.75 per share according to this agreement. Lind also received new warrants to purchase 1,000,000 shares of
common stock, exercisable at any time on or after the date of its issuance and until the five-year anniversary thereof, for $1.00 per
share (the &#x201c;New Warrants&#x201d;). The fair value of the New Warrants was determined to be $925,210 using the Black-Scholes model.
The New Warrants may be exercised via cashless exercise or resale pursuant to the registration statement that was declared effective.
As of December 31, 2024, Lind has exercised 1,000,000 shares of Pre-Existing Warrants and received 1,000,000 shares of New Warrants according
to this agreement. All warrants issued to Lind may be exercised via cashless exercise.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;During the year ended December 31, 2024, the
Company issued Lind in total of 800,000 shares of the Company&#x2019;s common stock as the repayment of $800,000 principal of 2&lt;sup&gt;nd&lt;/sup&gt;
Lind Note. According to the amended agreement pursuant to Nasdaq requirements, the conversion price is subject to $1.00 floor price if
the conversion price was below such floor, resulting in effective conversion price between $0.7907 to $0.4932. The Company made additional
$327,017 cash repayments, with $127,759 unpaid cash booked in Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities. As of the date of this
report, Lind has converted the remaining $400,000 principal balance on 2&lt;sup&gt;nd&lt;/sup&gt; Lind Note into 400,000 shares of the Company&#x2019;s
common stocks.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Subsequent to December 31, 2024 through the
date of this report, Lind has converted $400,000 of 3&lt;sup&gt;rd&lt;/sup&gt; Lind Note principal balance into 400,000 the Company&#x2019;s common
stock, leaving outstanding principal of $600,000.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Warrants issued and outstanding in connection
with above Lind convertible notes as of December 31, 2024, and their activities during the year ended are as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Number of&lt;br/&gt; Underlying&lt;br/&gt; Shares&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Weighted-&lt;br/&gt; Average&lt;br/&gt; Exercise&lt;br/&gt; Price&lt;br/&gt; Per Share&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Weighted-&lt;br/&gt; Average&lt;br/&gt; Contractual&lt;br/&gt; Life&lt;br/&gt; Remaining&lt;br/&gt; in Years&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Aggregate&lt;br/&gt; Intrinsic&lt;br/&gt; Value&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF"&gt; &lt;td style="width: 52%; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Outstanding as of January 1, 2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;1,529,167&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;0.40&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;3.15&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;5,542&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Issued&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;2,000,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;0.70&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;4.22&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;190,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF"&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Exercised&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(1,500,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-306"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-307"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-308"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Outstanding as of December 31, 2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 4.5pt double"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 4.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;2,029,167&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;0.70&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;*&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;4.20&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 4.5pt double"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 4.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;195,542&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

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&lt;td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;*&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;On January 5, 2025, the Company and Lind entered into a third letter agreement (the &#x201c;December Letter Agreement&#x201d;), pursuant to which Lind agreed to exercise for cash, 1,029,167 of the Existing Warrants to purchase shares of Common Stock, with a current exercise price of $0.75 per share, at a reduced exercise price of $0.40 per share. The weighted average exercise price per share as of December 31, 2024 was adjusted to the reduction accordingly.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
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    <us-gaap:ScheduleOfStockholdersEquityNoteWarrantsOrRightsTextBlock contextRef="c7" id="ixv-29555">&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Warrants issued and outstanding in connection
with above Lind convertible notes as of December 31, 2024, and their activities during the year ended are as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Number of&lt;br/&gt; Underlying&lt;br/&gt; Shares&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Weighted-&lt;br/&gt; Average&lt;br/&gt; Exercise&lt;br/&gt; Price&lt;br/&gt; Per Share&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Weighted-&lt;br/&gt; Average&lt;br/&gt; Contractual&lt;br/&gt; Life&lt;br/&gt; Remaining&lt;br/&gt; in Years&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Aggregate&lt;br/&gt; Intrinsic&lt;br/&gt; Value&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF"&gt; &lt;td style="width: 52%; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Outstanding as of January 1, 2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;1,529,167&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;0.40&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;3.15&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;5,542&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Issued&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;2,000,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;0.70&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;4.22&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;190,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF"&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Exercised&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(1,500,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-306"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-307"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-308"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Outstanding as of December 31, 2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 4.5pt double"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 4.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;2,029,167&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;0.70&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;*&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;4.20&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 4.5pt double"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 4.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;195,542&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;*&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;On January 5, 2025, the Company and Lind entered into a third letter agreement (the &#x201c;December Letter Agreement&#x201d;), pursuant to which Lind agreed to exercise for cash, 1,029,167 of the Existing Warrants to purchase shares of Common Stock, with a current exercise price of $0.75 per share, at a reduced exercise price of $0.40 per share. The weighted average exercise price per share as of December 31, 2024 was adjusted to the reduction accordingly.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;</us-gaap:ScheduleOfStockholdersEquityNoteWarrantsOrRightsTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsOutstandingNumber
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    <us-gaap:SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsAggregateIntrinsicValueOutstanding contextRef="c2" decimals="0" id="ixv-46352" unitRef="usd">5542</us-gaap:SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsAggregateIntrinsicValueOutstanding>
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    <us-gaap:DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsShareBasedPaymentsTextBlock contextRef="c7" id="ixv-29777">&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;13. STOCK OPTIONS&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The Company has not granted any options during
years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023. The Company&#x2019;s most recent option grant was in 2022 that 76,190&#160;shares (post-split)
of common stock were granted to employees and certain consultants.&#160;The weighted average grant date fair value of options granted
in 2022 was $27.9 (post-split). There are 386,021&#160;options available for grant under the 2016 Equity Incentive Plan as of December
31, 2024. Compensation costs associated with the Company&#x2019;s stock options are recognized, based on the grant-date fair values of
these options over vesting period. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, there were no unvested options.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Options issued and outstanding as of December
31, 2024, and their activities during the year then ended are as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Weighted-&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Weighted-&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Average&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Average&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Number&#160;of&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Exercise&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Contractual&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Underlying&lt;br/&gt; Shares&lt;br/&gt; (post-split)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Price&lt;br/&gt; Per&#160;Share (post-split)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Life&lt;br/&gt; &lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Remaining&lt;br/&gt; in Years&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Aggregate&lt;br/&gt; Intrinsic&lt;br/&gt; Value&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF"&gt; &lt;td style="width: 52%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Outstanding as of January 1, 2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;258,710&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;27.9&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;7.74&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-311"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Granted&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-312"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-313"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-314"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-315"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF"&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Forfeited&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-316"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-317"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-318"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-319"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Outstanding as of December 31, 2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 4.5pt double"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 4.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;258,710&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;27.9&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;7.74&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 4.5pt double"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 4.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-320"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF"&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Exercisable as of December 31, 2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 4.5pt double"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 4.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;258,710&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;27.9&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;7.74&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 4.5pt double"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 4.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-321"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Vested and expected to vest&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 4.5pt double"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 4.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;258,710&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;27.9&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;6.74&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 4.5pt double"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 4.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-322"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/table&gt;</us-gaap:DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsShareBasedPaymentsTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross
      contextRef="c425"
      decimals="0"
      id="ixv-46363"
      unitRef="shares">76190</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross>
    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice
      contextRef="c425"
      decimals="1"
      id="ixv-46364"
      unitRef="usdPershares">27.9</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice>
    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAvailableForGrant
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      unitRef="shares">386021</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAvailableForGrant>
    <us-gaap:ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationStockOptionsActivityTableTextBlock contextRef="c7" id="ixv-29786">&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Options issued and outstanding as of December
31, 2024, and their activities during the year then ended are as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Weighted-&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Weighted-&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Average&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Average&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Number&#160;of&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Exercise&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Contractual&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Underlying&lt;br/&gt; Shares&lt;br/&gt; (post-split)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Price&lt;br/&gt; Per&#160;Share (post-split)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Life&lt;br/&gt; &lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Remaining&lt;br/&gt; in Years&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Aggregate&lt;br/&gt; Intrinsic&lt;br/&gt; Value&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF"&gt; &lt;td style="width: 52%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Outstanding as of January 1, 2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;258,710&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;27.9&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;7.74&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-311"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Granted&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-312"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-313"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-314"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-315"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF"&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Forfeited&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-316"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-317"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-318"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-319"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Outstanding as of December 31, 2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 4.5pt double"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 4.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;258,710&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;27.9&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;7.74&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 4.5pt double"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 4.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-320"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF"&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Exercisable as of December 31, 2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 4.5pt double"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 4.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;258,710&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;27.9&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;7.74&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 4.5pt double"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 4.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-321"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Vested and expected to vest&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 4.5pt double"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 4.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;258,710&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;27.9&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;6.74&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 4.5pt double"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 4.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-322"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/table&gt;</us-gaap:ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationStockOptionsActivityTableTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber
      contextRef="c427"
      decimals="INF"
      id="ixv-46366"
      unitRef="shares">258710</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber>
    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice
      contextRef="c427"
      decimals="1"
      id="ixv-46367"
      unitRef="usdPershares">27.9</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice>
    <us-gaap:SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2 contextRef="c428" id="ixv-29940">P7Y8M26D</us-gaap:SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2>
    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber
      contextRef="c1"
      decimals="INF"
      id="ixv-46368"
      unitRef="shares">258710</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber>
    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice
      contextRef="c1"
      decimals="1"
      id="ixv-46369"
      unitRef="usdPershares">27.9</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice>
    <us-gaap:SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2 contextRef="c7" id="ixv-30055">P7Y8M26D</us-gaap:SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2>
    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableNumber
      contextRef="c1"
      decimals="INF"
      id="ixv-46370"
      unitRef="shares">258710</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableNumber>
    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageExercisePrice
      contextRef="c1"
      decimals="1"
      id="ixv-46371"
      unitRef="usdPershares">27.9</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageExercisePrice>
    <us-gaap:SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm1 contextRef="c7" id="ixv-30092">P7Y8M26D</us-gaap:SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm1>
    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedAndExpectedToVestOutstandingNumber
      contextRef="c1"
      decimals="INF"
      id="ixv-46372"
      unitRef="shares">258710</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedAndExpectedToVestOutstandingNumber>
    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedAndExpectedToVestOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice
      contextRef="c1"
      decimals="1"
      id="ixv-46373"
      unitRef="usdPershares">27.9</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedAndExpectedToVestOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice>
    <us-gaap:SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedAndExpectedToVestOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm1 contextRef="c7" id="ixv-30129">P6Y8M26D</us-gaap:SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedAndExpectedToVestOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm1>
    <us-gaap:EarningsPerShareTextBlock contextRef="c7" id="ixv-30146">&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;14. LOSS PER SHARE&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Basic loss per share is computed by dividing
net loss by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the year. Diluted loss per share is computed by dividing
net loss by the weighted-average number of common shares and dilutive potential common shares outstanding during the years ended December
31, 2024 and 2023.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;For
    the Year Ended&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;December&#160;31,&lt;br/&gt;
    2024&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;December&#160;31,&lt;br/&gt;
    2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Numerator:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 78%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Net loss attributable to ABVC&#x2019;s
    common stockholders&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 8%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(4,902,878&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 8%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(7,788,050&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Denominator:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Weighted-average shares outstanding &#x2013; Basic
    &amp;amp; Diluted&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 4.5pt double"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 4.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;11,673,980&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 4.5pt double"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 4.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;4,335,650&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Loss per share&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;-Basic &amp;amp; Diluted&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 4.5pt double"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 4.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(0.42&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 4.5pt double"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 4.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(1.80&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Diluted loss per share takes into account
the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue Common Stock were exercised and converted into Common
Stock. Since the Company suffered net loss for both years, any diluted shares would have anti-diluted effect.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:EarningsPerShareTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:ScheduleOfEarningsPerShareBasicAndDilutedTableTextBlock contextRef="c7" id="ixv-46374">Diluted loss per share is computed by dividing
net loss by the weighted-average number of common shares and dilutive potential common shares outstanding during the years ended December
31, 2024 and 2023.&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;For
    the Year Ended&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;December&#160;31,&lt;br/&gt;
    2024&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;December&#160;31,&lt;br/&gt;
    2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Numerator:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 78%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Net loss attributable to ABVC&#x2019;s
    common stockholders&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 8%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(4,902,878&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 8%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(7,788,050&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Denominator:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Weighted-average shares outstanding &#x2013; Basic
    &amp;amp; Diluted&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 4.5pt double"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 4.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;11,673,980&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 4.5pt double"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 4.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;4,335,650&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Loss per share&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;-Basic &amp;amp; Diluted&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 4.5pt double"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 4.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(0.42&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 4.5pt double"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 4.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(1.80&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;</us-gaap:ScheduleOfEarningsPerShareBasicAndDilutedTableTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss contextRef="c7" decimals="0" id="ixv-46375" unitRef="usd">-4902878</us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss>
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      decimals="INF"
      id="ixv-46377"
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    <us-gaap:WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic
      contextRef="c7"
      decimals="INF"
      id="ixv-46378"
      unitRef="shares">11673980</us-gaap:WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic>
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      contextRef="c8"
      decimals="INF"
      id="ixv-46379"
      unitRef="shares">4335650</us-gaap:WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding>
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      contextRef="c8"
      decimals="INF"
      id="ixv-46380"
      unitRef="shares">4335650</us-gaap:WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic>
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      decimals="2"
      id="ixv-46381"
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      id="ixv-46383"
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      contextRef="c8"
      decimals="2"
      id="ixv-46384"
      unitRef="usdPershares">-1.8</us-gaap:EarningsPerShareBasic>
    <us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeasesTextBlock contextRef="c7" id="ixv-30374">&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;15. LEASE&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The Company adopted FASB Accounting Standards
Codification, Topic 842, Leases (&#x201c;ASC 842&#x201d;) using the modified retrospective approach, electing the practical expedient that
allows the Company not to restate its comparative periods prior to the adoption of the standard on January 1, 2019.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The Company applied the following practical
expedients in the transition to the new standard and allowed under ASC 842:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 24px"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 24px"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#x25cf;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Reassessment of expired
    or existing contracts: The Company elected not to reassess, at the application date, whether any expired or existing contracts contained
    leases, the lease classification for any expired or existing leases, and the accounting for initial direct costs for any existing
    leases.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 24px"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 24px"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#x25cf;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Use of hindsight: The
    Company elected to use hindsight in determining the lease term (that is, when considering options to extend or terminate the lease
    and to purchase the underlying asset) and in assessing impairment of right-to-use assets.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 24px"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 24px"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#x25cf;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Reassessment of existing
    or expired land easements: The Company elected not to evaluate existing or expired land easements that were not previously accounted
    for as leases under ASC 840, as allowed under the transition practical expedient. Going forward, new or modified land easements will
    be evaluated under ASU No. 2016-02.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 24px"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 24px"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#x25cf;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Separation of lease
    and non- lease components: Lease agreements that contain both lease and non-lease components are generally accounted for separately.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 24px"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 24px"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#x25cf;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Short-term lease recognition
    exemption: The Company also elected the short-term lease recognition exemption and will not recognize ROU assets or lease liabilities
    for leases with a term less than 12 months.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The new leasing standard requires recognition
of leases on the consolidated balance sheets as right-of-use (&#x201c;ROU&#x201d;) assets and lease liabilities. ROU assets represent the
Company&#x2019;s right to use underlying assets for the lease terms and lease liabilities represent the Company&#x2019;s obligation to
make lease payments arising from the leases. Operating lease ROU assets and operating lease liabilities are recognized based on the present
value and future minimum lease payments over the lease term at commencement date. The Company&#x2019;s future minimum based payments used
to determine the Company&#x2019;s lease liabilities mainly include minimum based rent payments. As most of Company&#x2019;s leases do not
provide an implicit rate, the Company uses its estimated incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at commencement
date in determining the present value of lease payments.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The Company recognized lease liabilities,
with corresponding ROU assets, based on the present value of unpaid lease payments for existing operating leases longer than twelve months.
The ROU assets were adjusted per ASC 842 transition guidance for existing lease-related balances of accrued and prepaid rent, unamortized
lease incentives provided by lessors, and restructuring liabilities. Operating lease cost is recognized as a single lease cost on a straight-line
basis over the lease term and is recorded in Selling, general and administrative expenses. Variable lease payments for common area maintenance,
property taxes and other operating expenses are recognized as expense in the period when the changes in facts and circumstances on which
the variable lease payments are based occur.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The Company has no finance leases. The Company&#x2019;s
leases primarily include various office and laboratory spaces, copy machine, and vehicles under various operating lease arrangements.
The Company&#x2019;s operating leases have remaining lease terms of up to approximately five years.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;December&#160;31,&lt;br/&gt; 2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;December&#x202f;31,&lt;br/&gt; 2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;ASSETS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 76%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Operating lease right-of-use assets&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;640,387&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;809,283&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;LIABILITIES&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Operating lease liabilities (current)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;403,581&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;401,826&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Operating lease liabilities (non-current)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;236,807&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;407,457&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Supplemental Information&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The following provides details of the Company&#x2019;s
lease expenses:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Year Ended&lt;br/&gt; December 31,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 76%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Operating lease expenses&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;514,420&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;358,576&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Other information related to leases is presented
below:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Year Ended&lt;br/&gt; December 31,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 76%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of operating lease liabilities&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;484,181&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;358,576&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;December&#160;31,&lt;br/&gt; 2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;December&#160;31,&lt;br/&gt; 2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Weighted Average Remaining Lease Term:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt; &lt;td style="width: 76%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Operating leases&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;2.48 years&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;1.73 years&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Weighted Average Discount Rate:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Operating leases&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;1.19&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;1.50&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/table&gt;



&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The minimum future annual payments under non-cancellable
leases during the next five years and thereafter, at rates now in force, are as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Operating&lt;br/&gt;
    leases&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 88%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2025&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;409,587&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2026&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;104,236&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2027&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;47,320&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2028&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;47,320&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2029&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;47,320&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Thereafter&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-323"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Total future minimum lease payments, undiscounted&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;655,782&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Less: Imputed interest&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(15,395&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 4pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Present value of future minimum lease payments&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;640,387&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;</us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeasesTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLeaseIncomeTableTextBlock contextRef="c7" id="ixv-30445">&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The Company has no finance leases. The Company&#x2019;s
leases primarily include various office and laboratory spaces, copy machine, and vehicles under various operating lease arrangements.
The Company&#x2019;s operating leases have remaining lease terms of up to approximately five years.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;December&#160;31,&lt;br/&gt; 2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;December&#x202f;31,&lt;br/&gt; 2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;ASSETS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 76%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Operating lease right-of-use assets&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;640,387&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;809,283&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;LIABILITIES&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Operating lease liabilities (current)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;403,581&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;401,826&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Operating lease liabilities (non-current)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;236,807&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;407,457&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;</us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLeaseIncomeTableTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset contextRef="c1" decimals="0" id="ixv-46385" unitRef="usd">640387</us-gaap:OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset>
    <us-gaap:OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset contextRef="c2" decimals="0" id="ixv-46386" unitRef="usd">809283</us-gaap:OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset>
    <us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent contextRef="c1" decimals="0" id="ixv-46387" unitRef="usd">403581</us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent>
    <us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent contextRef="c2" decimals="0" id="ixv-46388" unitRef="usd">401826</us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent>
    <us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent contextRef="c1" decimals="0" id="ixv-46389" unitRef="usd">236807</us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent>
    <us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent contextRef="c2" decimals="0" id="ixv-46390" unitRef="usd">407457</us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent>
    <us-gaap:LeaseCostTableTextBlock contextRef="c7" id="ixv-30582">&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The following provides details of the Company&#x2019;s
lease expenses:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Year Ended&lt;br/&gt; December 31,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 76%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Operating lease expenses&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;514,420&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;358,576&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Other information related to leases is presented
below:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Year Ended&lt;br/&gt; December 31,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 76%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of operating lease liabilities&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;484,181&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;358,576&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;December&#160;31,&lt;br/&gt; 2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;December&#160;31,&lt;br/&gt; 2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Weighted Average Remaining Lease Term:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt; &lt;td style="width: 76%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Operating leases&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;2.48 years&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;1.73 years&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Weighted Average Discount Rate:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Operating leases&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;1.19&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;1.50&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/table&gt;</us-gaap:LeaseCostTableTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:OperatingLeaseExpense contextRef="c7" decimals="0" id="ixv-46391" unitRef="usd">514420</us-gaap:OperatingLeaseExpense>
    <us-gaap:OperatingLeaseExpense contextRef="c8" decimals="0" id="ixv-46392" unitRef="usd">358576</us-gaap:OperatingLeaseExpense>
    <us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLeaseIncomeLeasePayments contextRef="c429" decimals="0" id="ixv-46393" unitRef="usd">484181</us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLeaseIncomeLeasePayments>
    <us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLeaseIncomeLeasePayments contextRef="c430" decimals="0" id="ixv-46394" unitRef="usd">358576</us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLeaseIncomeLeasePayments>
    <us-gaap:OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageRemainingLeaseTerm1 contextRef="c1" id="ixv-46395">P2Y5M23D</us-gaap:OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageRemainingLeaseTerm1>
    <us-gaap:OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageRemainingLeaseTerm1 contextRef="c2" id="ixv-46396">P1Y8M23D</us-gaap:OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageRemainingLeaseTerm1>
    <us-gaap:OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageDiscountRatePercent contextRef="c1" decimals="4" id="ixv-46397" unitRef="pure">0.0119</us-gaap:OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageDiscountRatePercent>
    <us-gaap:OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageDiscountRatePercent contextRef="c2" decimals="4" id="ixv-46398" unitRef="pure">0.015</us-gaap:OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageDiscountRatePercent>
    <us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityMaturityTableTextBlock contextRef="c7" id="ixv-30796">&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The minimum future annual payments under non-cancellable
leases during the next five years and thereafter, at rates now in force, are as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Operating&lt;br/&gt;
    leases&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 88%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2025&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;409,587&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2026&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;104,236&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2027&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;47,320&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2028&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;47,320&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2029&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;47,320&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Thereafter&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-323"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Total future minimum lease payments, undiscounted&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;655,782&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Less: Imputed interest&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(15,395&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 4pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Present value of future minimum lease payments&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;640,387&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;</us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityMaturityTableTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueNextTwelveMonths contextRef="c1" decimals="0" id="ixv-46399" unitRef="usd">409587</us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueNextTwelveMonths>
    <us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearTwo contextRef="c1" decimals="0" id="ixv-46400" unitRef="usd">104236</us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearTwo>
    <us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearThree contextRef="c1" decimals="0" id="ixv-46401" unitRef="usd">47320</us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearThree>
    <us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearFour contextRef="c1" decimals="0" id="ixv-46402" unitRef="usd">47320</us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearFour>
    <us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearFive contextRef="c1" decimals="0" id="ixv-46403" unitRef="usd">47320</us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearFive>
    <us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue contextRef="c1" decimals="0" id="ixv-46404" unitRef="usd">655782</us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue>
    <us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityUndiscountedExcessAmount contextRef="c1" decimals="0" id="ixv-46405" unitRef="usd">15395</us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityUndiscountedExcessAmount>
    <us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiability contextRef="c1" decimals="0" id="ixv-46406" unitRef="usd">640387</us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiability>
    <us-gaap:CommitmentsAndContingenciesDisclosureTextBlock contextRef="c7" id="ixv-30929">&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;16. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES&lt;/b&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;In the ordinary course of business, the Company
may be subject to legal proceedings regarding contractual and employment relationships and a variety of other matters. The Company records
contingent liabilities resulting from such claims, when a loss is assessed to be probable, and the amount of the loss is reasonably estimable.
In the opinion of management, there were no pending or threatened claims and litigation as of December 31, 2024 and up through the date
of the consolidated financial statements was available to the issued.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:CommitmentsAndContingenciesDisclosureTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:AssetAcquisitionTextBlock contextRef="c7" id="ixv-30940">&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;17. ACQUISITION&lt;/b&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;On November 12, 2023, the Company and one
of its subsidiaries, BioLite, Inc. (&#x201c;BioLite Taiwan&#x201d;)&#160; each entered into a multi-year, global licensing agreement with
AiBtl BioPharma Inc. (&#x201c;AiBtl&#x201d;, or the acquired company) for the Company and BioLite Taiwan&#x2019;s CNS drugs with the indications
of MDD (Major Depressive Disorder) and ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) (collectively, the &#x201c;Licensed Products&#x201d;).
The potential license will cover the Licensed Products&#x2019; clinical trial, registration, manufacturing, supply, and distribution rights.
The parties are determined to collaborate on the global development of the Licensed Products. The parties are also working to strengthen
new drug development and business collaboration, including technology, interoperability, and standards development. As per each of the
respective agreements, each of ABVC and BioLite Taiwan received 23 million shares of AiBtl stock and as a result, the Company has a controlling
interest over AiBtl. If certain milestones are met, the Company and BioLite Taiwan are each eligible to receive $3,500,000 and royalties
equaling 5% of net sales, up to $100 million.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The Company concluded the assets acquired
and liabilities assumed did not meet the definition of a business as a limited number of inputs were acquired but no substantive business
processes or signs of output were acquired. As such, the acquisition was accounted for as an asset purchase. The purchase consideration
was nonmonetary assets (patent) and transfer on November12, 2023. The equity interest transferred to ABVC and BioLite Taiwan on December
15, 2023.&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Cash and cash equivalents&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;S&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-324"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Total assets acquired&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-325"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 88%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Accrued expense&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(243,888&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Due to Director&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(498&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Total liabilities acquired&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(243,386&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Total consideration (Intangible assets)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-326"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;</us-gaap:AssetAcquisitionTextBlock>
    <abvc:SharesReceived
      contextRef="c431"
      decimals="-6"
      id="ixv-46407"
      unitRef="shares">23000000</abvc:SharesReceived>
    <abvc:BenefitsReceivableForMilestoneAttained contextRef="c432" decimals="0" id="ixv-46408" unitRef="usd">3500000</abvc:BenefitsReceivableForMilestoneAttained>
    <abvc:royaltiesPercentage
      contextRef="c431"
      decimals="2"
      id="ixv-46409"
      unitRef="pure">0.05</abvc:royaltiesPercentage>
    <abvc:AcquisitionForNetSales
      contextRef="c431"
      decimals="-6"
      id="ixv-46410"
      unitRef="usd">100000000</abvc:AcquisitionForNetSales>
    <us-gaap:ScheduleOfRecognizedIdentifiedAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedTableTextBlock contextRef="c7" id="ixv-46411">The equity interest transferred to ABVC and BioLite Taiwan on December
15, 2023.&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Cash and cash equivalents&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;S&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-324"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Total assets acquired&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-325"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 88%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Accrued expense&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(243,888&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Due to Director&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(498&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Total liabilities acquired&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(243,386&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Total consideration (Intangible assets)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-326"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;</us-gaap:ScheduleOfRecognizedIdentifiedAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedTableTextBlock>
    <abvc:BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedAccruedExpenseAndOtherCurrentLiabilities contextRef="c433" decimals="0" id="ixv-46412" unitRef="usd">-243888</abvc:BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedAccruedExpenseAndOtherCurrentLiabilities>
    <us-gaap:BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCurrentLiabilitiesLongTermDebt contextRef="c433" decimals="0" id="ixv-46413" unitRef="usd">498</us-gaap:BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCurrentLiabilitiesLongTermDebt>
    <us-gaap:BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedNet contextRef="c433" decimals="0" id="ixv-46414" unitRef="usd">-243386</us-gaap:BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedNet>
    <us-gaap:SubsequentEventsTextBlock contextRef="c7" id="ixv-31028">&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;18. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS&lt;/b&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;On January 5, 2025, the Company and Lind entered
into a third letter agreement (the &#x201c;December Letter Agreement&#x201d;), pursuant to which Lind agreed to exercise for cash, 1,029,167
of the Existing Warrants to purchase shares of Common Stock, with a current exercise price of $0.75 per share, at a reduced exercise
price of $0.40 per share.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;During the first quarter of 2025, Lind has
converted the remaining $400,000 principal balance on 2&lt;sup&gt;nd&lt;/sup&gt; Lind Note into 400,000 shares of the Company&#x2019;s common stocks,
and converted $400,000 of 3&lt;sup&gt;rd&lt;/sup&gt; Lind Note principal balance into 400,000 the Company&#x2019;s common stock, leaving 3&lt;sup&gt;rd&lt;/sup&gt;
Lind Note with outstanding principal of $600,000.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;In April 2025, the Company conducted a private
offering of its common stock to several individual investors, issuing 502,081 unregistered shares at $0.60 per share, raising a total
of $301,250.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;In April 2025, AiBtl issued 1,800 shares of
its common stock at $5 per share, raising a total of $9,000 from an individual investor.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:SubsequentEventsTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfSecuritiesCalledByWarrantsOrRights
      contextRef="c434"
      decimals="0"
      id="ixv-46415"
      unitRef="shares">1029167</us-gaap:ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfSecuritiesCalledByWarrantsOrRights>
    <us-gaap:ClassOfWarrantOrRightExercisePriceOfWarrantsOrRights1
      contextRef="c434"
      decimals="2"
      id="ixv-46416"
      unitRef="usdPershares">0.75</us-gaap:ClassOfWarrantOrRightExercisePriceOfWarrantsOrRights1>
    <us-gaap:WarrantExercisePriceDecrease
      contextRef="c435"
      decimals="2"
      id="ixv-46417"
      unitRef="usdPershares">0.4</us-gaap:WarrantExercisePriceDecrease>
    <us-gaap:DebtConversionOriginalDebtAmount1 contextRef="c436" decimals="0" id="ixv-46418" unitRef="usd">400000</us-gaap:DebtConversionOriginalDebtAmount1>
    <us-gaap:DebtConversionConvertedInstrumentSharesIssued1
      contextRef="c436"
      decimals="0"
      id="ixv-46419"
      unitRef="shares">400000</us-gaap:DebtConversionConvertedInstrumentSharesIssued1>
    <us-gaap:DebtConversionOriginalDebtAmount1 contextRef="c437" decimals="0" id="ixv-46420" unitRef="usd">400000</us-gaap:DebtConversionOriginalDebtAmount1>
    <us-gaap:DebtConversionConvertedInstrumentSharesIssued1
      contextRef="c437"
      decimals="0"
      id="ixv-46421"
      unitRef="shares">400000</us-gaap:DebtConversionConvertedInstrumentSharesIssued1>
    <us-gaap:DebtConversionOriginalDebtAmount1 contextRef="c389" decimals="0" id="ixv-46422" unitRef="usd">600000</us-gaap:DebtConversionOriginalDebtAmount1>
    <us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues
      contextRef="c438"
      decimals="0"
      id="ixv-46423"
      unitRef="shares">502081</us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues>
    <abvc:UnregisteredPricePerShares
      contextRef="c439"
      decimals="2"
      id="ixv-46424"
      unitRef="usdPershares">0.6</abvc:UnregisteredPricePerShares>
    <us-gaap:ProceedsFromIssuanceOfPrivatePlacement contextRef="c438" decimals="0" id="ixv-46425" unitRef="usd">301250</us-gaap:ProceedsFromIssuanceOfPrivatePlacement>
    <us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues
      contextRef="c440"
      decimals="0"
      id="ixv-46426"
      unitRef="shares">1800</us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues>
    <us-gaap:SharesIssuedPricePerShare
      contextRef="c441"
      decimals="0"
      id="ixv-46427"
      unitRef="usdPershares">5</us-gaap:SharesIssuedPricePerShare>
    <us-gaap:ProceedsFromContributedCapital contextRef="c440" decimals="0" id="ixv-46428" unitRef="usd">9000</us-gaap:ProceedsFromContributedCapital>
    <us-gaap:CashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue contextRef="c5" decimals="0" id="ixv-46429" unitRef="usd">152206</us-gaap:CashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue>
    <us-gaap:CashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue contextRef="c1" decimals="0" id="ixv-46430" unitRef="usd">248382</us-gaap:CashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue>
    <us-gaap:RestrictedCashCurrent contextRef="c5" decimals="0" id="ixv-46431" unitRef="usd">607362</us-gaap:RestrictedCashCurrent>
    <us-gaap:RestrictedCashCurrent contextRef="c1" decimals="0" id="ixv-46432" unitRef="usd">615433</us-gaap:RestrictedCashCurrent>
    <us-gaap:InventoryNet contextRef="c5" decimals="0" id="ixv-46433" unitRef="usd">11460</us-gaap:InventoryNet>
    <us-gaap:OtherReceivablesNetCurrent contextRef="c6" decimals="0" id="ixv-46434" unitRef="usd">537119</us-gaap:OtherReceivablesNetCurrent>
    <us-gaap:OtherReceivablesNetCurrent contextRef="c3" decimals="0" id="ixv-46435" unitRef="usd">1155051</us-gaap:OtherReceivablesNetCurrent>
    <us-gaap:ShortTermInvestments contextRef="c5" decimals="0" id="ixv-46436" unitRef="usd">65052</us-gaap:ShortTermInvestments>
    <us-gaap:ShortTermInvestments contextRef="c1" decimals="0" id="ixv-46437" unitRef="usd">64736</us-gaap:ShortTermInvestments>
    <us-gaap:PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent contextRef="c5" decimals="0" id="ixv-46438" unitRef="usd">96362</us-gaap:PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent>
    <us-gaap:PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent contextRef="c1" decimals="0" id="ixv-46439" unitRef="usd">96213</us-gaap:PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent>
    <us-gaap:AssetsCurrent contextRef="c5" decimals="0" id="ixv-46440" unitRef="usd">1469561</us-gaap:AssetsCurrent>
    <us-gaap:AssetsCurrent contextRef="c1" decimals="0" id="ixv-46441" unitRef="usd">2179815</us-gaap:AssetsCurrent>
    <us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet contextRef="c5" decimals="0" id="ixv-46442" unitRef="usd">8168746</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet>
    <us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet contextRef="c1" decimals="0" id="ixv-46443" unitRef="usd">511088</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet>
    <us-gaap:OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset contextRef="c5" decimals="0" id="ixv-46444" unitRef="usd">533460</us-gaap:OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset>
    <us-gaap:OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset contextRef="c1" decimals="0" id="ixv-46445" unitRef="usd">640387</us-gaap:OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset>
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    <us-gaap:BusinessDescriptionAndBasisOfPresentationTextBlock contextRef="c0" id="ixv-35742">&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;1. ORGANIZATION AND DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;ABVC BioPharma, Inc. (the &#x201c;Company&#x201d;),
formerly known as American BriVision (Holding) Corporation, a Nevada corporation, through the Company&#x2019;s operating entity, American
BriVision Corporation (&#x201c;BriVision&#x201d;), which was incorporated in July 2015 in the State of Delaware, engages in biotechnology
to fulfill unmet medical needs and focuses on the development of new drugs and medical devices derived from plants. BriVision develops
its pipeline by carefully tracking new medical discoveries or medical device technologies in research institutions in the Asia-Pacific
region. Pre-clinical, disease animal model and Phase I safety studies are examined closely by the Company to identify drugs that BriVision
believes demonstrate efficacy and safety. Once a drug appears to be a good candidate for development and ultimately commercialization,
BriVision licenses the drug or medical device from the original researchers and begins to introduce the drugs clinical plan to highly
respected principal investigators in the United States, Australia and Taiwan to conduct a Phase II clinical trial. At present, clinical
trials for the Company&#x2019;s drugs and medical devices are being conducted at such world-famous institutions including Stanford University,
University of California San Fransisco (UCSF) and Cedar Sinai Medical Centre (CSMC).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The Company has four wholly-owned subsidiaries,
BriVision, BioLite Holding Inc. (&#x201c;BioLite Holding&#x201d;), BioKey Inc. (&#x201c;BioKey&#x201d;), BioKey (Cayman), Inc (&#x201c;BioKey
Cayman&#x201d;), and a majority-owned subsidiary, AiBtl BioPharma Inc. (&#x201c;AiBtl&#x201d;).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;BioLite Holding was incorporated in the State
of Nevada with wholly owned subsidiary BioLite BVI, Inc. (&#x201c;BioLite BVI&#x201d;) that was incorporated in the British Virgin Islands.
BioLite BVI holds 73% ownership of BioLite Inc. (&#x201c;BioLite Taiwan&#x201d;), a Taiwanese corporation that was founded in February
2006. BioLite Taiwan has been in the business of developing new drugs since it was incorporated.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Yunzhiyi, a Taiwanese corporation, was incorporated
in August 2024, with 90% owned by BioLite Taiwan and 10% owned by Shuling Jiang, the Company&#x2019;s director. This entity is set up
for holding the land that AiBtl is working to acquire in Puli, Taiwan for developing health related business in Taiwan.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Incorporated in California on November 20,
2000, BioKey has chosen to initially focus on developing generic drugs to ride the opportunity of the booming industry.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;BioKey Cayman was incorporated in Cayman Islands
in July 2023, which is 100% owned by ABVC. This subsidiary has no activities since inception.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;AiBtl BioPharma, Inc. was acquired by the
Company with the transaction of the collaborative licensing agreements. On November 12, 2023, the Company and BioLite Taiwan each entered
into a multi-year, global licensing agreement with AiBtl for the Company and BioLite Taiwan&#x2019;s CNS drugs with the indications of
MDD (Major Depressive Disorder) and ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) (collectively, the &#x201c;Licensed Products&#x201d;).
The potential license will cover the Licensed Products&#x2019; clinical trial, registration, manufacturing, supply, and distribution rights.
The parties are determined to collaborate on the global development of the Licensed Products. The parties are also working to strengthen
new drug development and business collaboration, including technology, interoperability, and standards development. As per each of the
respective agreements, each of ABVC and BioLite Taiwan received 23 million shares of AiBtl stock and as a result, the Company has a controlling
interest over AiBtl. If certain milestones are met, the Company and BioLite Taiwan are each eligible to receive $3,500,000 and royalties
equaling 5% of net sales, up to $100 million. The financial statements of AiBtl are included in the Company&#x2019;s consolidated financial
statements. As a result of these transactions, the Company became a controlling parent of AiBtl, with 58.85% of group ownership over
AiBtl.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:BusinessDescriptionAndBasisOfPresentationTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:SubsidiaryOfLimitedLiabilityCompanyOrLimitedPartnershipState contextRef="c442" id="ixv-46682">British Virgin Islands</us-gaap:SubsidiaryOfLimitedLiabilityCompanyOrLimitedPartnershipState>
    <us-gaap:SubsidiaryOfLimitedLiabilityCompanyOrLimitedPartnershipOwnershipInterest
      contextRef="c442"
      decimals="2"
      id="ixv-46683"
      unitRef="pure">0.73</us-gaap:SubsidiaryOfLimitedLiabilityCompanyOrLimitedPartnershipOwnershipInterest>
    <us-gaap:SubsidiaryOfLimitedLiabilityCompanyOrLimitedPartnershipOwnershipInterest
      contextRef="c443"
      decimals="2"
      id="ixv-46684"
      unitRef="pure">0.90</us-gaap:SubsidiaryOfLimitedLiabilityCompanyOrLimitedPartnershipOwnershipInterest>
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      contextRef="c444"
      decimals="2"
      id="ixv-46685"
      unitRef="pure">0.10</us-gaap:SubsidiaryOfLimitedLiabilityCompanyOrLimitedPartnershipOwnershipInterest>
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      contextRef="c445"
      decimals="2"
      id="ixv-46686"
      unitRef="pure">1</us-gaap:SubsidiaryOfLimitedLiabilityCompanyOrLimitedPartnershipOwnershipInterest>
    <us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues
      contextRef="c446"
      decimals="-6"
      id="ixv-46687"
      unitRef="shares">23000000</us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues>
    <abvc:BenefitsReceivableForMilestoneAttained contextRef="c5" decimals="0" id="ixv-46688" unitRef="usd">3500000</abvc:BenefitsReceivableForMilestoneAttained>
    <abvc:PercentageOfRoyaltiesEqualing contextRef="c0" decimals="2" id="ixv-46689" unitRef="pure">0.05</abvc:PercentageOfRoyaltiesEqualing>
    <abvc:AcquisitionForNetSales contextRef="c0" decimals="-6" id="ixv-46690" unitRef="usd">100000000</abvc:AcquisitionForNetSales>
    <us-gaap:MinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent
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      unitRef="pure">0.5885</us-gaap:MinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent>
    <abvc:LiquidityGoingConcernAndRestatementTextBlock contextRef="c0" id="ixv-35788">&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2. LIQUIDITY, GOING CONCERN, AND RESTATEMENT&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Liquidity and Going Concern&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The accompanying financial statements have
been prepared in conformity with the generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (the &#x201c;U.S. GAAP&#x201d;)
which contemplates continuation of the Company on a going concern basis. The going concern basis assumes that assets are realized, and
liabilities are settled in the ordinary course of business at amounts disclosed in the financial statements. The Company&#x2019;s ability
to continue as a going concern depends upon its ability to market and sell its products to generate positive operating cash flows. For
the three months ended March 31, 2025, the Company reported net loss of $944,190. As of March 31, 2025, the Company&#x2019;s working capital
deficit was $5,261,178.&#160; In addition, the Company had net cash outflows of $539,833&#160;from operating activities for the three
months ended March 31, 2025. These conditions give rise to substantial doubt as to whether the Company will be able to continue as a
going concern.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;To sustain its ability to support the Company&#x2019;s
operating activities, the Company may have to consider supplementing its available sources of funds through the following sources:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#x25cf;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;cash
    generated from operations;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#x25cf;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;other available sources
    of financing from banks and other financial institutions in the U.S. and in Taiwan; and&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#x25cf;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;financial support from
    the Company&#x2019;s related parties and shareholders.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Management&#x2019;s plan is to continue to
improve operations to generate positive cash flows and raise additional capital through private or public offerings, or financial support
from related parties or shareholders. If the Company is not able to generate positive operating cash flows, and raise additional capital,
there is the risk that the Company may not be able to meet its short-term obligations. All of these factors raise substantial doubt about
the ability of the Company to continue as a going concern. The interim condensed consolidated financial statements as of March 31, 2025,
and for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 have been prepared on a going concern basis and do not include any adjustments
to reflect the possible future effects on the recoverability and classifications of assets or the amounts and classifications of liabilities
that may result from the inability of the Company to continue as a going concern.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Restatement Background and Explanation&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 8pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#160;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The Company has restated its financial statements
as of and for the year ended December 31, 2023, to correct misstatements in those prior periods related to improperly applying accounting
guidance on the share-based payments, incorrectly recognizing interest expenses upon the conversion of convertible debts, and misidentifying
the existence of non-controlling interest of our subsidiary. These restatements also resulted in the restatements of the relevant accounts
as of and for the three months ended March 31, 2024.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 8pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;As disclosed in Note 5, the Company entered
into a cooperation agreement on August 14, 2023 with Zhong Hui Lian He Ji Tuan, Ltd. (the &#x201c;Zhonghui&#x201d;) to acquire 20% of the
ownership of certain property and a parcel of the land. According to the agreement, the Company issued 370,000 shares of its common stock
as the consideration, and used $20 dollar per share to recognize the right as construction in progress on the balance sheet.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 8pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;At the time of preparing its 2024 financial
statements, the Company reviewed the entire transaction, its relevant agreements and documentation, as well as the applicable accounting
guidance. The Company applied FASB Accounting Standard Codification (&#x201c;ASC&#x201d;) 845 Nonmonetary Transactions to determine the
fair value of the asset acquired would be more evident than the fair value of the consideration in exchange, the Company&#x2019;s restricted
common stocks. The real estates acquired comes with a third-party valuation of $7,400,000 per the Company&#x2019;s stake, which the value
of the acquired assets is guaranteed by Zhonghui. Upon further review, the Company considered ASC 718 Compensation &#x2013; Stock Compensation,
should have been the appropriate guidance to apply given the Company&#x2019;s common stocks are listed in Nasdaq with more observable
fair value (Level 1). Furthermore, at the time of issuance of these financial statements, no real estate title was transferred to the
Company. As a result, the Company adjusted the carrying value of the asset and reclassified the balance to &#x201c;Prepayment for asset
acquisition&#x201d; account to reflect the value of 370,000 shares issued at $1.87, the closing price as of the contract date. The Company
also corrected the share price used to recognize stock compensation expense from $20 to $1.87 for the 29,600 shares of common stock issued
on the same day to several consultants. As a result, these adjustments reduced $6,708,100 for asset recognized and $536,648 for stock-compensation
expense incurred in 2023.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;In February 2023, the Company issued a convertible
note to LIND Global Fund II, LP (Note 7). Due to misapplication of ASC 470-20 instead of ASC 815-40, the Company overstated interest
expenses $1,179,669 for the year ended December 31, 2023. The overstatement is offsetting against additional paid-in capital due to the
convertible note being converted to the Company&#x2019;s own common stocks instead of being repaid or disposition.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;In November 2023, the Company and one of its
subsidiaries entered into a licensing agreement with AiBtl. The Company accounted for a 100% control of AiBtl as of December 31, 2023,
but later discovered that AiBtl had outstanding founder shares that were not deposited to the stock transfer agent in the timely manner.
Such shares reduced the Company&#x2019;s controlling interest from 100% to 69.70% as of December 31, 2023. Accordingly, the Company adjusted
the relevant accounts in our consolidated financial statements.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;As discussed in Note 12, in July 2019 the
Company issued 644,972 shares (post-split) of the Company&#x2019;s common stock to four consultants for their services. Such stock-based
expenses were amortized over 5 years starting from the issuance date. Per the Company&#x2019;s further review, the services, along with
the agreements, were completed by December 31, 2022. Pursuant to ASC 718, the costs of services should be recognized along with the period
when services are received. Therefore, the Company reversed share-based compensation expenses of $451,480 and $902,960 for the years
ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The accumulated deficit as of December 31, 2022 was corrected with the Stock Subscription
Receivables for $1,354,440 as a result of such adjustments.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Please read the impacts of the 2023 restatement
in our audited 2024 consolidated financial statements filed in our Form 10-K with the SEC on April 15, 2025.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 8pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Impact of the Restatement to the March
31, 2024 interim financial statements&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 8pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#160;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The impact of the restatement on the balance
sheets, statements of operations, and statements of cash flows as of and for the three months ended March 31, 2024 is presented below.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="10" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;March 31, 2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Unaudited
                                            Condensed&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;Consolidated Balance Sheets&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;As Reported&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Adjustments&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;As Restated&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 64%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Prepaid expense and other current asset&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;159,602&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;223,707&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;383,309&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Property and equipment, net&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;7,949,150&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(7,400,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;549,150&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Prepayment for asset acquisition&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-327"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;691,900&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;691,900&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Total Assets&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;14,460,402&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(6,484,392&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;7,976,010&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Accrued expenses and other current liabilities&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;4,050,845&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(605,178&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;3,445,667&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Convertible notes payable &#x2013; third parties, net&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;842,567&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;29,769&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;872,336&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Due to related parties&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;301,972&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;89,502&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;391,474&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Current Liabilities&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;6,633,614&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(455,908&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;6,177,706&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Total Liabilities&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;6,973,447&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(455,908&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;6,517,539&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Additional paid-in capital&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;86,029,237&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(9,025,036&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;77,004,201&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Total stockholders&#x2019; equity&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;7,792,076&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(6,092,525&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;1,699,551&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Noncontrolling interest&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(305,121&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;64,040&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(241,081&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Total Equity&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;7,486,955&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(6,028,485&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;1,458,470&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Total Liabilities and Equity&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;14,460,402&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(6,484,393&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;7,976,009&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="10" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Three Months Ended March 31,
    2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Unaudited
                                            Condensed&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;Consolidated Statements of Operations&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;As Reported&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Adjustments&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;As Restated&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 64%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Selling, general and administrative expenses&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;831,257&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(92,771&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;738,486&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Stock based compensation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2,544,995&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(513,364&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2,031,631&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Interest expenses&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(684,683&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;503,007&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(181,676&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(48,043&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(45,425&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(93,468&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Net loss&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(3,981,019&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;1,053,352&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(2,927,667&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Basic and diluted net loss per common share&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(0.40&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;0.11&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(0.29&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="10" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Three Months Ended March 31,
    2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Unaudited Condensed&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
                                                                    &lt;p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Consolidated Statements
                                            of Cash Flows&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;As Reported&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Adjustments&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;As Restated&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 64%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Net loss&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(3,981,019&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;1,053,355&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(2,927,664&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Stock-based compensation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2,544,995&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(513,364&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2,031,631&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Other non-cash income and expenses&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;672,016&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(495,736&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;176,280&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Accrued expenses and other current liabilities&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;354,465&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(398,070&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(43,605&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Due to related parties&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;128,840&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(128,840&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-328"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Net cash used in operating activities&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(602,001&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(353,815&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(955,816&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Due to related parties*&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-329"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(217,981&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(217,981&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Net cash provided by financing activities&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;805,006&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;119,141&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;924,147&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(260,783&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;234,674&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(26,109&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Issuance of common stock for conversion of debt&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;681,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;213,426&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;467,574&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;


&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 0in"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;*&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Due to related parties previously reported amount was reclassified to financing activities based on current year&#x2019;s presentation.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;</abvc:LiquidityGoingConcernAndRestatementTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:NetIncomeLossAvailableToCommonStockholdersBasic contextRef="c0" decimals="0" id="ixv-46692" unitRef="usd">944190</us-gaap:NetIncomeLossAvailableToCommonStockholdersBasic>
    <abvc:WorkingCapitalDeficit contextRef="c0" decimals="0" id="ixv-46693" unitRef="usd">5261178</abvc:WorkingCapitalDeficit>
    <us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities contextRef="c0" decimals="0" id="ixv-46694" unitRef="usd">-539833</us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities>
    <us-gaap:MinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent contextRef="c92" decimals="2" id="ixv-46695" unitRef="pure">0.20</us-gaap:MinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent>
    <abvc:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesIssuanceOfCommonSharesForAcquisitionOfProperty
      contextRef="c93"
      decimals="0"
      id="ixv-46696"
      unitRef="shares">370000</abvc:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesIssuanceOfCommonSharesForAcquisitionOfProperty>
    <us-gaap:SharesIssuedPricePerShare
      contextRef="c94"
      decimals="0"
      id="ixv-46697"
      unitRef="usdPershares">20</us-gaap:SharesIssuedPricePerShare>
    <us-gaap:RealEstateOwnedValuationAllowance contextRef="c448" decimals="0" id="ixv-46698" unitRef="usd">7400000</us-gaap:RealEstateOwnedValuationAllowance>
    <us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesAcquisitions
      contextRef="c0"
      decimals="0"
      id="ixv-46699"
      unitRef="shares">370000</us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesAcquisitions>
    <us-gaap:SharesIssuedPricePerShare
      contextRef="c5"
      decimals="2"
      id="ixv-46700"
      unitRef="usdPershares">1.87</us-gaap:SharesIssuedPricePerShare>
    <us-gaap:SharesIssuedPricePerShare
      contextRef="c449"
      decimals="0"
      id="ixv-46701"
      unitRef="usdPershares">20</us-gaap:SharesIssuedPricePerShare>
    <us-gaap:SharesIssuedPricePerShare
      contextRef="c450"
      decimals="2"
      id="ixv-46702"
      unitRef="usdPershares">1.87</us-gaap:SharesIssuedPricePerShare>
    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAuthorized
      contextRef="c5"
      decimals="0"
      id="ixv-46703"
      unitRef="shares">29600</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAuthorized>
    <us-gaap:Assets contextRef="c98" decimals="0" id="ixv-46704" unitRef="usd">-6708100</us-gaap:Assets>
    <us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpenseNetOfTax contextRef="c28" decimals="0" id="ixv-46705" unitRef="usd">536648</us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpenseNetOfTax>
    <us-gaap:InterestExpenseOther contextRef="c28" decimals="0" id="ixv-46706" unitRef="usd">1179669</us-gaap:InterestExpenseOther>
    <us-gaap:MinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent contextRef="c99" decimals="2" id="ixv-46707" unitRef="pure">1</us-gaap:MinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent>
    <us-gaap:MinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent
      contextRef="c451"
      decimals="2"
      id="ixv-46708"
      unitRef="pure">1</us-gaap:MinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent>
    <us-gaap:MinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent
      contextRef="c452"
      decimals="4"
      id="ixv-46709"
      unitRef="pure">0.697</us-gaap:MinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent>
    <us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockSplits
      contextRef="c102"
      decimals="0"
      id="ixv-46710"
      unitRef="shares">644972</us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockSplits>
    <abvc:StockBasedExpensesAmortizationPeriod contextRef="c0" id="ixv-46711">P5Y</abvc:StockBasedExpensesAmortizationPeriod>
    <us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense contextRef="c7" decimals="0" id="ixv-46712" unitRef="usd">451480</us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense>
    <us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense contextRef="c8" decimals="0" id="ixv-46713" unitRef="usd">902960</us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense>
    <us-gaap:StockholdersEquityNoteSubscriptionsReceivable contextRef="c10" decimals="0" id="ixv-46714" unitRef="usd">1354440</us-gaap:StockholdersEquityNoteSubscriptionsReceivable>
    <srt:ScheduleOfCondensedFinancialStatementsTableTextBlock contextRef="c0" id="ixv-35896">&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The impact of the restatement on the balance
sheets, statements of operations, and statements of cash flows as of and for the three months ended March 31, 2024 is presented below.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="10" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;March 31, 2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Unaudited
                                            Condensed&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;Consolidated Balance Sheets&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;As Reported&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Adjustments&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;As Restated&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 64%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Prepaid expense and other current asset&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;159,602&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;223,707&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;383,309&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Property and equipment, net&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;7,949,150&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(7,400,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;549,150&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Prepayment for asset acquisition&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-327"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;691,900&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;691,900&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Total Assets&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;14,460,402&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(6,484,392&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;7,976,010&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Accrued expenses and other current liabilities&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;4,050,845&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(605,178&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;3,445,667&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Convertible notes payable &#x2013; third parties, net&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;842,567&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;29,769&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;872,336&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Due to related parties&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;301,972&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;89,502&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;391,474&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Current Liabilities&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;6,633,614&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(455,908&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;6,177,706&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Total Liabilities&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;6,973,447&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(455,908&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;6,517,539&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Additional paid-in capital&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;86,029,237&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(9,025,036&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;77,004,201&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Total stockholders&#x2019; equity&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;7,792,076&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(6,092,525&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;1,699,551&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Noncontrolling interest&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(305,121&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;64,040&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(241,081&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Total Equity&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;7,486,955&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(6,028,485&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;1,458,470&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Total Liabilities and Equity&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;14,460,402&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(6,484,393&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;7,976,009&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="10" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Three Months Ended March 31,
    2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Unaudited
                                            Condensed&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;Consolidated Statements of Operations&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;As Reported&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Adjustments&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;As Restated&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 64%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Selling, general and administrative expenses&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;831,257&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(92,771&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;738,486&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Stock based compensation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2,544,995&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(513,364&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2,031,631&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Interest expenses&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(684,683&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;503,007&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(181,676&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(48,043&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(45,425&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(93,468&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Net loss&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(3,981,019&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;1,053,352&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(2,927,667&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Basic and diluted net loss per common share&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(0.40&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;0.11&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(0.29&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="10" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Three Months Ended March 31,
    2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Unaudited Condensed&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
                                                                    &lt;p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Consolidated Statements
                                            of Cash Flows&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;As Reported&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Adjustments&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;As Restated&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 64%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Net loss&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(3,981,019&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;1,053,355&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(2,927,664&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Stock-based compensation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2,544,995&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(513,364&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2,031,631&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Other non-cash income and expenses&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;672,016&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(495,736&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;176,280&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Accrued expenses and other current liabilities&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;354,465&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(398,070&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(43,605&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Due to related parties&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;128,840&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(128,840&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-328"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Net cash used in operating activities&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(602,001&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(353,815&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(955,816&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Due to related parties*&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-329"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(217,981&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(217,981&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Net cash provided by financing activities&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;805,006&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;119,141&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;924,147&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(260,783&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;234,674&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(26,109&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
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  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
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    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;213,426&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;467,574&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;


&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

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&lt;td style="width: 0in"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;*&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Due to related parties previously reported amount was reclassified to financing activities based on current year&#x2019;s presentation.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
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    <us-gaap:SignificantAccountingPoliciesTextBlock contextRef="c0" id="ixv-36949">&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;3. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline"&gt;Basis of Presentation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration: none"&gt;The accompanying
unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the generally accepted accounting
principles in the United States of America (the &#x201c;U.S. GAAP&#x201d;). All significant intercompany transactions and account balances
have been eliminated. These financial statements do not include all the information and footnotes required by the U.S. GAAP for complete
financial statements. Certain information and note disclosures normally included in the annual financial statements prepared in accordance
with the U.S. GAAP have been condensed or omitted consistent with Article 8 of Regulation S-X. In the opinion of the Company&#x2019;s
management, the unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the same basis as the audited financial
statements and include all adjustments, in a normal recurring nature, as necessary for the fair statement of the Company&#x2019;s financial
position as of March 31, 2025, and results of operations and cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024. The unaudited
interim condensed consolidated balance sheet as of March 31, 2025 has been derived from the audited financial statements at December
31, 2024, and interim results of operations are not necessarily indicative of the results expected for the full fiscal year or for any
future period. These financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements as of and
for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, and related notes included in the Company&#x2019;s audited consolidated financial statements.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration: none"&gt;This basis
of accounting involves the application of accrual accounting and consequently, revenues and gains are recognized when earned, and expenses
and losses are recognized when incurred. The Company&#x2019;s unaudited financial statements are expressed in U.S. dollars.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration:underline"&gt;Reclassifications&lt;/span&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration: none"&gt;Certain
amounts on the prior year&#x2019;s condensed consolidated balance sheets, condensed consolidated statements of operations and condensed
cash flows were reclassified to conform to the current-year presentation, with no effect on ending stockholders&#x2019; equity.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline"&gt;Use of Estimates&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The preparation of financial statements in
conformity with the U.S. GAAP that requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and
liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the amount of
revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results could differ materially from those results.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline"&gt;Fair Value Measurements&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;ASC 820 &#x201c;Fair Value Measurements&#x201d;
defines fair value for certain financial and nonfinancial assets and liabilities that are recorded at fair value, establishes a framework
for measuring fair value and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. It requires that an entity measure its financial instruments
to base fair value on exit price, maximize the use of observable units and minimize the use of unobservable inputs to determine the exit
price. It establishes a hierarchy which prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value. This hierarchy increases
the consistency and comparability of fair value measurements and related disclosures by maximizing the use of observable inputs and minimizing
the use of unobservable inputs by requiring that observable inputs be used when available. Observable inputs are inputs that reflect
the assumptions market participants would use in pricing the assets or liabilities based on market data obtained from sources independent
of the Company. Unobservable inputs are inputs that reflect the Company&#x2019;s own assumptions about the assumptions market participants
would use in pricing the asset or liability developed based on the best information available in the circumstances. The hierarchy prioritizes
the inputs into three broad levels based on the reliability of the inputs as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#x25cf;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Level 1&#x2013;&#160;Inputs
    are quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the Company has the ability to access at the measurement
    date. Valuation of these instruments does not require a high degree of judgment as the valuations are based on quoted prices in active
    markets that are readily and regularly available.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#x25cf;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Level 2&#x2013;&#160;Inputs
    other than quoted prices in active markets that are either directly or indirectly observable as of the measurement date, such as
    quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable
    or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#x25cf;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Level 3&#x2013;&#160;Valuations
    based on inputs that are unobservable and not corroborated by market data. The fair value for such assets and liabilities is generally
    determined using pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies, or similar techniques that incorporate the assumptions a market
    participant would use in pricing the asset or liability.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The carrying values of certain assets and
liabilities of the Company, such as cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivable, due from related parties, prepaid
expenses and other current assets, accrued expenses and other current liabilities, and due to related parties, approximate fair value
due to their relatively short maturities. The carrying value of the Company&#x2019;s short-term bank loans, convertible notes payable,
and accrued interest approximates their fair value as the terms of the borrowing are consistent with current market rates and the duration
to maturity is short.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline"&gt;Concentration of Credit Risk&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The Company&#x2019;s financial instruments
that are exposed to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents. The Company places its cash and temporary
cash investments in high quality credit institutions, but these investments may be in excess of the limit of $91,500 (NTD 3.0 million)
covered by Taiwan Central Deposit Insurance Corporation, and the limit of $250,000 covered by the U.S. Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation&#x2019;s
insurance limits. However, the Company does not anticipate any losses on excess deposits. The Company does not enter into financial instruments
for hedging, trading or speculative purposes.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The Company performs ongoing credit evaluation
of its customers and requires no collateral. Credit losses and allowance for unbilled receivables are provided based on a review of the
collectability of accounts receivable. The Company determines the amount of allowance for doubtful accounts by examining its historical
collection experience and current trends in the credit quality of its customers as well as its internal credit policies. Actual credit
losses may differ from our estimates.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline"&gt;Concentration of Clients&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024,
management estimated all accounts receivable balances are uncollectible. Provision credit loss balances were $11,993 and $11,993 as of
March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;For the three months ended March 31, 2024,
the Company&#x2019;s revenue was generated from one customer.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline"&gt;Cash and Cash Equivalents&lt;/span&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The Company considers highly liquid investments
with maturities of three months or less to be cash equivalents when purchased. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company&#x2019;s
cash and cash equivalents amounted to $152,206 and $248,382, respectively. Some&#160;of the Company&#x2019;s cash deposits are held in
financial institutions located in Taiwan where there is currently regulation mandated on obligatory insurance of bank accounts. The Company
believes this financial institution is of high credit quality.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline"&gt;Restricted Cash &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Restricted cash primarily consist of cash
held in a reserve bank account in Taiwan. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company&#x2019;s restricted cash amounted $607,362
(NTD 20.2 million) and $615,433 (NTD 20.2 million), respectively.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline"&gt;Accounts receivable and allowance for expected credit losses
accounts&lt;/span&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Accounts receivable are recorded and carried
at the original invoiced amount less an allowance for any potential uncollectible amounts.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The Company makes estimates of expected credit
and collectability trends for the allowance for credit losses and allowance for unbilled receivables based upon our assessment of various
factors, including historical experience, the age of the accounts receivable balances, credit quality of customers, current economic
conditions reasonable and supportable forecasts of future economic conditions, and other factors that may affect our ability to collect
from customers. The provision is recorded against accounts receivable balances, with a corresponding charge recorded in the consolidated
statements of income. Actual amounts received may differ from management&#x2019;s estimate of credit worthiness and the economic environment.
Delinquent account balances are written-off against the allowance for doubtful accounts after management has determined that the likelihood
of collection is not probable.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Allowance for expected credit losses accounts
were $616,397 and $616,414 as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline"&gt;Revenue Recognition&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The Company recognizes revenue in accordance
with ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. Pursuant to ASC 606, the Company recognizes revenue when its customer obtains control
of promised goods or services, in an amount that reflects the consideration that the Company expects to receive in exchange for those
goods or services. To determine revenue recognition for arrangements that the Company determines is within the scope of ASC 606, the
Company performs the following five steps: (i) identify the contract(s) with a customer; (ii) identify the performance obligations in
the contract; (iii) determine the transaction price; (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract;
and (v) recognize revenue when (or as) the Company satisfies a performance obligation. The Company only applies the five-step model to
contracts when it is probable that the Company will collect the consideration the Company is entitled to in exchange for the goods or
services the Company transfers to the customers. At inception of the contract, once the contract is determined to be within the scope
of ASC 606, the Company assesses the goods or services promised within each contract, determines those that are performance obligations,
and assesses whether each promised good or service is distinct. The Company then recognizes as revenue the amount of the transaction
price that is allocated to the respective performance obligation when (or as) the performance obligation is satisfied.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The following are examples of when the Company
recognizes revenue based on the types of payments the Company receives.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Collaborative Revenues &#x2014; &lt;/b&gt;The
Company recognizes collaborative revenues generated through collaborative research, development and/or commercialization agreements.
The terms of these agreements typically include payment to the Company related to one or more of the following: non-refundable upfront
license fees, development and commercial milestones, partial or complete reimbursement of research and development costs, and royalties
on net sales of licensed products. Each type of payments results in collaborative revenues except for revenues from royalties on net
sales of licensed products, which are classified as royalty revenues. To date, the Company has not received any royalty revenues. Revenue
is recognized upon satisfaction of a performance obligation by transferring control of a good or service to the collaboration partners.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;As part of the accounting for these arrangements,
the Company applies judgment to determine whether the performance obligations are distinct, and develop assumptions in determining the
stand-alone selling price for each distinct performance obligation identified in the collaboration agreements. To determine the stand-alone
selling price, the Company relies on assumptions which may include forecasted revenues, development timelines, reimbursement rates for
R&amp;amp;D personnel costs, discount rates and probabilities of technical and regulatory success.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The Company had multiple deliverables under
the collaborative agreements, including deliverables relating to grants of technology licenses, regulatory and clinical development,
and marketing activities. Estimation of the performance periods of the Company&#x2019;s deliverables requires the use of management&#x2019;s
judgment. Significant factors considered in management&#x2019;s evaluation of the estimated performance periods include, but are not limited
to, the Company&#x2019;s experience in conducting clinical development, regulatory and manufacturing activities. The Company reviews the
estimated duration of its performance periods under its collaborative agreements on an annually basis, and makes any appropriate adjustments
on a prospective basis. Future changes in estimates of the performance period under its collaborative agreements could impact the timing
of future revenue recognition.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(i) Non-refundable upfront payments&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;If a license to the Company&#x2019;s intellectual
property is determined to be distinct from the other performance obligations identified in an arrangement, the Company recognizes revenue
from the related non-refundable upfront payments based on the relative standalone selling price prescribed to the license compared to
the total selling price of the arrangement. The revenue is recognized when the license is transferred to the collaboration partners and
the collaboration partners are able to use and benefit from the license. To date, the receipt of non-refundable upfront fees was solely
for the compensation of past research efforts and contributions made by the Company before the collaborative agreements entered into
and it does not relate to any future obligations and commitments made between the Company and the collaboration partners in the collaborative
agreements.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(ii) Milestone payments&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The Company is eligible to receive milestone
payments under the collaborative agreement with collaboration partners based on achievement of specified development, regulatory and
commercial events. Management evaluated the nature of the events triggering these contingent payments, and concluded that these events
fall into two categories: (a) events which involve the performance of the Company&#x2019;s obligations under the collaborative agreement
with collaboration partners, and (b) events which do not involve the performance of the Company&#x2019;s obligations under the collaborative
agreement with collaboration partners.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The former category of milestone payments
consists of those triggered by development and regulatory activities in the territories specified in the collaborative agreements. Management
concluded that each of these payments constitute substantive milestone payments. This conclusion was based primarily on the facts that
(i) each triggering event represents a specific outcome that can be achieved only through successful performance by the Company of one
or more of its deliverables, (ii) achievement of each triggering event was subject to inherent risk and uncertainty and would result
in additional payments becoming due to the Company, (iii) each of the milestone payments is non-refundable, (iv) substantial effort is
required to complete each milestone, (v) the amount of each milestone payment is reasonable in relation to the value created in achieving
the milestone, (vi) a substantial amount of time is expected to pass between the upfront payment and the potential milestone payments,
and (vii) the milestone payments relate solely to past performance. Based on the foregoing, the Company recognizes any revenue from these
milestone payments in the period in which the underlying triggering event occurs.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(iii) Multiple Element Arrangements&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The Company evaluates multiple element arrangements
to determine (1) the deliverables included in the arrangement and (2) whether the individual deliverables represent separate units of
accounting or whether they must be accounted for as a combined unit of accounting. This evaluation involves subjective determinations
and requires management to make judgments about the individual deliverables and whether such deliverables are separate from other aspects
of the contractual relationship. Deliverables are considered separate units of accounting provided that: (i) the delivered item(s) has
value to the customer on a standalone basis and (ii) if the arrangement includes a general right of return relative to the delivered
item(s), delivery or performance of the undelivered item(s) is considered probable and substantially within its control. In assessing
whether an item under a collaboration has standalone value, the Company considers factors such as the research, manufacturing, and commercialization
capabilities of the collaboration partner and the availability of the associated expertise in the general marketplace. The Company also
considers whether its collaboration partners can use the other deliverable(s) for their intended purpose without the receipt of the remaining
element(s), whether the value of the deliverable is dependent on the undelivered item(s), and whether there are other vendors that can
provide the undelivered element(s).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The Company recognizes arrangement consideration
allocated to each unit of accounting when all of the revenue recognition criteria in ASC 606 are satisfied for that particular unit of
accounting. In the event that a deliverable does not represent a separate unit of accounting, the Company recognizes revenue from the
combined unit of accounting over the Company&#x2019;s contractual or estimated performance period for the undelivered elements, which
is typically the term of the Company&#x2019;s research and development obligations. If there is no discernible pattern of performance
or objectively measurable performance measures do not exist, then the Company recognizes revenue under the arrangement on a straight-line
basis over the period the Company is expected to complete its performance obligations. Conversely, if the pattern of performance in which
the service is provided to the customer can be determined and objectively measurable performance measures exist, then the Company recognizes
revenue under the arrangement using the proportional performance method. Revenue recognized is limited to the lesser of the cumulative
amount of payments received or the cumulative amount of revenue earned, as determined using the straight-line method or proportional
performance method, as applicable, as of the period ending date.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;At the inception of an arrangement that includes
milestone payments, the Company evaluates whether each milestone is substantive and at risk to both parties on the basis of the contingent
nature of the milestone. This evaluation includes an assessment of whether: (1) the consideration is commensurate with either the Company&#x2019;s
performance to achieve the milestone or the enhancement of the value of the delivered item(s) as a result of a specific outcome resulting
from its performance to achieve the milestone, (2) the consideration relates solely to past performance and (3) the consideration is
reasonable relative to all of the deliverables and payment terms within the arrangement. The Company evaluates factors such as the scientific,
clinical, regulatory, commercial, and other risks that must be overcome to achieve the particular milestone and the level of effort and
investment required to achieve the particular milestone in making this assessment. There is considerable judgment involved in determining
whether a milestone satisfies all of the criteria required to conclude that a milestone is substantive. Milestones that are not considered
substantive are recognized as earned if there are no remaining performance obligations or over the remaining period of performance, assuming
all other revenue recognition criteria are met.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(iv) Royalties and Profit Sharing Payments&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Under the collaborative agreement with the
collaboration partners, the Company is entitled to receive royalties on sales of products, which is at certain percentage of the net
sales. The Company recognizes revenue from these events based on the revenue recognition criteria set forth in ASC 606. Based on those
criteria, the Company considers these payments to be contingent revenues, and recognizes them as revenue in the period in which the applicable
contingency is resolved.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Revenues Derived from Research and Development
Activities Services (Also known as the Contract Development &amp;amp; Manufacturing Organization Services (&#x201c;CDMO&#x201d;))&lt;/b&gt; &#x2014;
Revenues related to research and development and regulatory activities are recognized when the related services or activities are performed,
in accordance with the contract terms. The Company typically has only one performance obligation at the inception of a contract, which
is to perform research and development services. The Company may also provide its customers with an option to request that the Company
provides additional goods or services in the future, such as active pharmaceutical ingredient, API, or IND/NDA/ANDA/510K submissions.
The Company evaluates whether these options are material rights at the inception of the contract. If the Company determines an option
is a material right, the Company will consider the option a separate performance obligation.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;If the Company is entitled to reimbursement
from its customers for specified research and development expenses, the Company accounts for the related services that it provides as
separate performance obligations if it determines that these services represent a material right. The Company also determines whether
the reimbursement of research and development expenses should be accounted for as revenues or an offset to research and development expenses
in accordance with provisions of gross or net revenue presentation. The Company recognizes the corresponding revenues or records the
corresponding offset to research and development expenses as it satisfies the related performance obligations.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The Company then determines the transaction
price by reviewing the amount of consideration the Company is eligible to earn under the contracts, including any variable consideration.
Under the outstanding contracts, consideration typically includes fixed consideration and variable consideration in the form of potential
milestone payments. At the start of an agreement, the Company&#x2019;s transaction price usually consists of the payments made to or by
the Company based on the number of full-time equivalent researchers assigned to the project and the related research and development
expenses incurred. The Company does not typically include any payments that the Company may receive in the future in its initial transaction
price because the payments are not probable. The Company would reassess the total transaction price at each reporting period to determine
if the Company should include additional payments in the transaction price.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The Company receives payments from its customers
based on billing schedules established in each contract. Upfront payments and fees may be recorded as advances from customers upon receipt
or when due, and may require deferral of revenue recognition for a future period until the Company performs its obligations under these
arrangements. Amounts are recorded as accounts receivable when the right of the Company to consideration is unconditional. The Company
does not assess whether a contract has a significant financing component if the expectation at contract inception is such that the period
between payment by the customers and the transfer of the promised goods or services to the customers will be one year or less.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline"&gt;Stock-based Compensation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The Company measures expense associated with all
employee stock-based compensation awards using a fair value method and recognizes such expense in the consolidated financial statements
on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period in accordance with ASC 718 &#x201c;Compensation-Stock Compensation&#x201d;.
Total director, officer, and employee stock-based compensation expenses were $0 and $1,935,755 for the three months ended March 31, 2025
and 2024, respectively.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The Company accounted for stock-based compensation
to non-employees in accordance with ASC 718 &#x201c;Compensation-Stock Compensation&#x201d; and ASC 505-50 &#x201c;Equity-Based Payments
to Non-Employees&#x201d; which requires that the cost of services received from non-employees is measured at fair value at the earlier
of the performance commitment date or the date service is completed and recognized over the period the service is provided. Total non-employee
stock-based compensation expenses were $48,773 for rent for the three months ended March 31, 2025, and $95,876&#160;for consulting services
for the three months ended March 31, 2024.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline"&gt;Commitments and Contingencies&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The Company has adopted ASC 450 &#x201c;Contingencies&#x201d;
subtopic 20, in determining its accruals and disclosures with respect to loss contingencies. Accordingly, estimated losses from loss
contingencies are accrued by a charge to income when information available before financial statements are issued or are available to
be issued indicates that it is probable that an asset has been impaired or a liability has been incurred at the date of the financial
statements and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. Legal expenses associated with the contingency are expensed as incurred.
If a loss contingency is not probable or reasonably estimable, disclosure of the loss contingency is made in financial statements when
it is at least reasonably possible that a material loss could be incurred.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline"&gt;Foreign-currency Transactions&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;For the Company&#x2019;s subsidiaries in Taiwan,
the foreign-currency transactions are recorded in New Taiwan Dollars (&#x201c;NTD&#x201d;) at the rates of exchange in effect when the
transactions occur. Gains or losses resulting from the application of different foreign exchange rates when cash in foreign currency
is converted into NTD, or when foreign-currency receivables or payables are settled, are credited or charged to income in the year of
conversion or settlement. On balance sheet dates, the balances of foreign-currency assets and liabilities are restated at the prevailing
exchange rates and the resulting differences are charged to current income except for those foreign currencies denominated investments
in shares of stock where such differences are accounted for as translation adjustments under the Statements of Changes in Stockholders&#x2019;
Equity.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline"&gt;Segment Reporting&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;ASC 280 &#x201c;Segment Reporting&#x201d; requires
public companies to report financial and descriptive information about their reportable operating segments. The Company identifies the
operating segments based on how the chief operating decision maker internally evaluates separate financial information, business activities
and management responsibility.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The Company currently has&#160;one&#160;reportable
segment, and assets are reviewed on a consolidated basis. As such, segmental data is not provided.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The following tables present revenue and gross
profit information for each of our only reportable segment:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;For The Three-Month&lt;br/&gt; Periods
    Ended&lt;br/&gt; March 31&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2025&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2024&lt;br/&gt; (Restated)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 76%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Revenue&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-330"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;1,205&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Cost of Revenue&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-331"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;277&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Segment Gross Profit (Loss)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-332"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;928&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Depreciation expense&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;7,021&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;1,286&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;


&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The following table provides a reconciliation
of total segment gross profit to the Company&#x2019;s loss before provision for income tax:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;For The Three-Month&lt;br/&gt;
    Periods Ended&lt;br/&gt; March 31&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2025&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2024&lt;br/&gt;
    (Restated)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 76%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Segment Gross Profit (Loss)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-333"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;928&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Less:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Selling, general and administrative expenses&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;615,371&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;738,486&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Research and development expenses&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;28,861&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;69,066&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Stock-based compensation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;48,773&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2,031,631&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Add (Less):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Interest income&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;19,071&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;4,049&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Interest expense&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(222,967&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(181,676&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Operating sublease income&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;12,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;8,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Gain (loss) on foreign exchange changes&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(9,912&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;60,730&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Loss on investment in equity securities&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(50,877&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-334"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Other income, net&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;1,500&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;19,485&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Loss before provision for income tax&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(944,190&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(2,927,667&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline"&gt;Recent Accounting Pronouncements&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No.
2023-09, Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures (Topic 740). The ASU requires disaggregated information about a reporting entity&#x2019;s
effective tax rate reconciliation as well as additional information on income taxes paid. The ASU is effective on a prospective basis
for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is also permitted for annual financial statements that have not
yet been issued or made available for issuance. This ASU will likely result in the required additional disclosures being included in
our consolidated financial statements once adopted.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27.75pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU No.
2024-03, Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40). The ASU requires disclosure of specified information about certain costs
and expenses. This includes purchases of inventory, employee compensation, depreciation, and intangible asset amortization.&#160; The
ASU is effective on a prospective or retrospective basis for annual reporting period beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim reporting
period beginning after December 15, 2027. Early adoption is permitted. This ASU will likely result in the required additional disclosures
being included in our consolidated financial statements once adopted.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:SignificantAccountingPoliciesTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:BasisOfAccountingPolicyPolicyTextBlock contextRef="c0" id="ixv-36954">&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline"&gt;Basis of Presentation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration: none"&gt;The accompanying
unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the generally accepted accounting
principles in the United States of America (the &#x201c;U.S. GAAP&#x201d;). All significant intercompany transactions and account balances
have been eliminated. These financial statements do not include all the information and footnotes required by the U.S. GAAP for complete
financial statements. Certain information and note disclosures normally included in the annual financial statements prepared in accordance
with the U.S. GAAP have been condensed or omitted consistent with Article 8 of Regulation S-X. In the opinion of the Company&#x2019;s
management, the unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the same basis as the audited financial
statements and include all adjustments, in a normal recurring nature, as necessary for the fair statement of the Company&#x2019;s financial
position as of March 31, 2025, and results of operations and cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024. The unaudited
interim condensed consolidated balance sheet as of March 31, 2025 has been derived from the audited financial statements at December
31, 2024, and interim results of operations are not necessarily indicative of the results expected for the full fiscal year or for any
future period. These financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements as of and
for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, and related notes included in the Company&#x2019;s audited consolidated financial statements.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration: none"&gt;This basis
of accounting involves the application of accrual accounting and consequently, revenues and gains are recognized when earned, and expenses
and losses are recognized when incurred. The Company&#x2019;s unaudited financial statements are expressed in U.S. dollars.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:BasisOfAccountingPolicyPolicyTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:PriorPeriodReclassificationAdjustmentDescription contextRef="c0" id="ixv-36969">&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration:underline"&gt;Reclassifications&lt;/span&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration: none"&gt;Certain
amounts on the prior year&#x2019;s condensed consolidated balance sheets, condensed consolidated statements of operations and condensed
cash flows were reclassified to conform to the current-year presentation, with no effect on ending stockholders&#x2019; equity.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:PriorPeriodReclassificationAdjustmentDescription>
    <us-gaap:UseOfEstimates contextRef="c0" id="ixv-36980">&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline"&gt;Use of Estimates&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The preparation of financial statements in
conformity with the U.S. GAAP that requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and
liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the amount of
revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results could differ materially from those results.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:UseOfEstimates>
    <us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementPolicyPolicyTextBlock contextRef="c0" id="ixv-36990">&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline"&gt;Fair Value Measurements&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;ASC 820 &#x201c;Fair Value Measurements&#x201d;
defines fair value for certain financial and nonfinancial assets and liabilities that are recorded at fair value, establishes a framework
for measuring fair value and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. It requires that an entity measure its financial instruments
to base fair value on exit price, maximize the use of observable units and minimize the use of unobservable inputs to determine the exit
price. It establishes a hierarchy which prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value. This hierarchy increases
the consistency and comparability of fair value measurements and related disclosures by maximizing the use of observable inputs and minimizing
the use of unobservable inputs by requiring that observable inputs be used when available. Observable inputs are inputs that reflect
the assumptions market participants would use in pricing the assets or liabilities based on market data obtained from sources independent
of the Company. Unobservable inputs are inputs that reflect the Company&#x2019;s own assumptions about the assumptions market participants
would use in pricing the asset or liability developed based on the best information available in the circumstances. The hierarchy prioritizes
the inputs into three broad levels based on the reliability of the inputs as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#x25cf;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Level 1&#x2013;&#160;Inputs
    are quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the Company has the ability to access at the measurement
    date. Valuation of these instruments does not require a high degree of judgment as the valuations are based on quoted prices in active
    markets that are readily and regularly available.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#x25cf;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Level 2&#x2013;&#160;Inputs
    other than quoted prices in active markets that are either directly or indirectly observable as of the measurement date, such as
    quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable
    or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#x25cf;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Level 3&#x2013;&#160;Valuations
    based on inputs that are unobservable and not corroborated by market data. The fair value for such assets and liabilities is generally
    determined using pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies, or similar techniques that incorporate the assumptions a market
    participant would use in pricing the asset or liability.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The carrying values of certain assets and
liabilities of the Company, such as cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivable, due from related parties, prepaid
expenses and other current assets, accrued expenses and other current liabilities, and due to related parties, approximate fair value
due to their relatively short maturities. The carrying value of the Company&#x2019;s short-term bank loans, convertible notes payable,
and accrued interest approximates their fair value as the terms of the borrowing are consistent with current market rates and the duration
to maturity is short.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementPolicyPolicyTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskCreditRisk contextRef="c0" id="ixv-37052">&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline"&gt;Concentration of Credit Risk&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The Company&#x2019;s financial instruments
that are exposed to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents. The Company places its cash and temporary
cash investments in high quality credit institutions, but these investments may be in excess of the limit of $91,500 (NTD 3.0 million)
covered by Taiwan Central Deposit Insurance Corporation, and the limit of $250,000 covered by the U.S. Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation&#x2019;s
insurance limits. However, the Company does not anticipate any losses on excess deposits. The Company does not enter into financial instruments
for hedging, trading or speculative purposes.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The Company performs ongoing credit evaluation
of its customers and requires no collateral. Credit losses and allowance for unbilled receivables are provided based on a review of the
collectability of accounts receivable. The Company determines the amount of allowance for doubtful accounts by examining its historical
collection experience and current trends in the credit quality of its customers as well as its internal credit policies. Actual credit
losses may differ from our estimates.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskCreditRisk>
    <us-gaap:InvestmentCompanyExcessExpenseReimbursable contextRef="c462" decimals="0" id="ixv-46805" unitRef="usd">91500</us-gaap:InvestmentCompanyExcessExpenseReimbursable>
    <us-gaap:InvestmentCompanyExcessExpenseReimbursable
      contextRef="c462"
      decimals="-5"
      id="ixv-46806"
      unitRef="twd">3000000</us-gaap:InvestmentCompanyExcessExpenseReimbursable>
    <us-gaap:InvestmentCompanyExcessExpenseReimbursable contextRef="c463" decimals="0" id="ixv-46807" unitRef="usd">250000</us-gaap:InvestmentCompanyExcessExpenseReimbursable>
    <abvc:ConcentrationOfClientsPolicyTextBlock contextRef="c0" id="ixv-37067">&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline"&gt;Concentration of Clients&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024,
management estimated all accounts receivable balances are uncollectible. Provision credit loss balances were $11,993 and $11,993 as of
March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;For the three months ended March 31, 2024,
the Company&#x2019;s revenue was generated from one customer.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</abvc:ConcentrationOfClientsPolicyTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:ProvisionForOtherCreditLosses contextRef="c0" decimals="0" id="ixv-46808" unitRef="usd">11993</us-gaap:ProvisionForOtherCreditLosses>
    <us-gaap:ProvisionForOtherCreditLosses contextRef="c7" decimals="0" id="ixv-46809" unitRef="usd">11993</us-gaap:ProvisionForOtherCreditLosses>
    <us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsPolicyTextBlock contextRef="c0" id="ixv-37082">&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline"&gt;Cash and Cash Equivalents&lt;/span&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The Company considers highly liquid investments
with maturities of three months or less to be cash equivalents when purchased. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company&#x2019;s
cash and cash equivalents amounted to $152,206 and $248,382, respectively. Some&#160;of the Company&#x2019;s cash deposits are held in
financial institutions located in Taiwan where there is currently regulation mandated on obligatory insurance of bank accounts. The Company
believes this financial institution is of high credit quality.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsPolicyTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue contextRef="c5" decimals="0" id="ixv-46810" unitRef="usd">152206</us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue>
    <us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue contextRef="c1" decimals="0" id="ixv-46811" unitRef="usd">248382</us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue>
    <us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsPolicy contextRef="c0" id="ixv-37092">&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline"&gt;Restricted Cash &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Restricted cash primarily consist of cash
held in a reserve bank account in Taiwan. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company&#x2019;s restricted cash amounted $607,362
(NTD 20.2 million) and $615,433 (NTD 20.2 million), respectively.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsPolicy>
    <us-gaap:RestrictedCashCurrent contextRef="c5" decimals="0" id="ixv-46812" unitRef="usd">607362</us-gaap:RestrictedCashCurrent>
    <us-gaap:RestrictedCash contextRef="c5" decimals="-5" id="ixv-46813" unitRef="twd">20200000</us-gaap:RestrictedCash>
    <us-gaap:RestrictedCash contextRef="c1" decimals="-5" id="ixv-46814" unitRef="twd">20200000</us-gaap:RestrictedCash>
    <us-gaap:RestrictedCashCurrent contextRef="c1" decimals="0" id="ixv-46815" unitRef="usd">615433</us-gaap:RestrictedCashCurrent>
    <us-gaap:TradeAndOtherAccountsReceivablePolicy contextRef="c0" id="ixv-37102">&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline"&gt;Accounts receivable and allowance for expected credit losses
accounts&lt;/span&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Accounts receivable are recorded and carried
at the original invoiced amount less an allowance for any potential uncollectible amounts.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The Company makes estimates of expected credit
and collectability trends for the allowance for credit losses and allowance for unbilled receivables based upon our assessment of various
factors, including historical experience, the age of the accounts receivable balances, credit quality of customers, current economic
conditions reasonable and supportable forecasts of future economic conditions, and other factors that may affect our ability to collect
from customers. The provision is recorded against accounts receivable balances, with a corresponding charge recorded in the consolidated
statements of income. Actual amounts received may differ from management&#x2019;s estimate of credit worthiness and the economic environment.
Delinquent account balances are written-off against the allowance for doubtful accounts after management has determined that the likelihood
of collection is not probable.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Allowance for expected credit losses accounts
were $616,397 and $616,414 as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:TradeAndOtherAccountsReceivablePolicy>
    <us-gaap:AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivable contextRef="c5" decimals="0" id="ixv-46816" unitRef="usd">616397</us-gaap:AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivable>
    <us-gaap:AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivable contextRef="c1" decimals="0" id="ixv-46817" unitRef="usd">616414</us-gaap:AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivable>
    <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerPolicyTextBlock contextRef="c0" id="ixv-37122">&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline"&gt;Revenue Recognition&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The Company recognizes revenue in accordance
with ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. Pursuant to ASC 606, the Company recognizes revenue when its customer obtains control
of promised goods or services, in an amount that reflects the consideration that the Company expects to receive in exchange for those
goods or services. To determine revenue recognition for arrangements that the Company determines is within the scope of ASC 606, the
Company performs the following five steps: (i) identify the contract(s) with a customer; (ii) identify the performance obligations in
the contract; (iii) determine the transaction price; (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract;
and (v) recognize revenue when (or as) the Company satisfies a performance obligation. The Company only applies the five-step model to
contracts when it is probable that the Company will collect the consideration the Company is entitled to in exchange for the goods or
services the Company transfers to the customers. At inception of the contract, once the contract is determined to be within the scope
of ASC 606, the Company assesses the goods or services promised within each contract, determines those that are performance obligations,
and assesses whether each promised good or service is distinct. The Company then recognizes as revenue the amount of the transaction
price that is allocated to the respective performance obligation when (or as) the performance obligation is satisfied.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The following are examples of when the Company
recognizes revenue based on the types of payments the Company receives.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Collaborative Revenues &#x2014; &lt;/b&gt;The
Company recognizes collaborative revenues generated through collaborative research, development and/or commercialization agreements.
The terms of these agreements typically include payment to the Company related to one or more of the following: non-refundable upfront
license fees, development and commercial milestones, partial or complete reimbursement of research and development costs, and royalties
on net sales of licensed products. Each type of payments results in collaborative revenues except for revenues from royalties on net
sales of licensed products, which are classified as royalty revenues. To date, the Company has not received any royalty revenues. Revenue
is recognized upon satisfaction of a performance obligation by transferring control of a good or service to the collaboration partners.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;As part of the accounting for these arrangements,
the Company applies judgment to determine whether the performance obligations are distinct, and develop assumptions in determining the
stand-alone selling price for each distinct performance obligation identified in the collaboration agreements. To determine the stand-alone
selling price, the Company relies on assumptions which may include forecasted revenues, development timelines, reimbursement rates for
R&amp;amp;D personnel costs, discount rates and probabilities of technical and regulatory success.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The Company had multiple deliverables under
the collaborative agreements, including deliverables relating to grants of technology licenses, regulatory and clinical development,
and marketing activities. Estimation of the performance periods of the Company&#x2019;s deliverables requires the use of management&#x2019;s
judgment. Significant factors considered in management&#x2019;s evaluation of the estimated performance periods include, but are not limited
to, the Company&#x2019;s experience in conducting clinical development, regulatory and manufacturing activities. The Company reviews the
estimated duration of its performance periods under its collaborative agreements on an annually basis, and makes any appropriate adjustments
on a prospective basis. Future changes in estimates of the performance period under its collaborative agreements could impact the timing
of future revenue recognition.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(i) Non-refundable upfront payments&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;If a license to the Company&#x2019;s intellectual
property is determined to be distinct from the other performance obligations identified in an arrangement, the Company recognizes revenue
from the related non-refundable upfront payments based on the relative standalone selling price prescribed to the license compared to
the total selling price of the arrangement. The revenue is recognized when the license is transferred to the collaboration partners and
the collaboration partners are able to use and benefit from the license. To date, the receipt of non-refundable upfront fees was solely
for the compensation of past research efforts and contributions made by the Company before the collaborative agreements entered into
and it does not relate to any future obligations and commitments made between the Company and the collaboration partners in the collaborative
agreements.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(ii) Milestone payments&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The Company is eligible to receive milestone
payments under the collaborative agreement with collaboration partners based on achievement of specified development, regulatory and
commercial events. Management evaluated the nature of the events triggering these contingent payments, and concluded that these events
fall into two categories: (a) events which involve the performance of the Company&#x2019;s obligations under the collaborative agreement
with collaboration partners, and (b) events which do not involve the performance of the Company&#x2019;s obligations under the collaborative
agreement with collaboration partners.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The former category of milestone payments
consists of those triggered by development and regulatory activities in the territories specified in the collaborative agreements. Management
concluded that each of these payments constitute substantive milestone payments. This conclusion was based primarily on the facts that
(i) each triggering event represents a specific outcome that can be achieved only through successful performance by the Company of one
or more of its deliverables, (ii) achievement of each triggering event was subject to inherent risk and uncertainty and would result
in additional payments becoming due to the Company, (iii) each of the milestone payments is non-refundable, (iv) substantial effort is
required to complete each milestone, (v) the amount of each milestone payment is reasonable in relation to the value created in achieving
the milestone, (vi) a substantial amount of time is expected to pass between the upfront payment and the potential milestone payments,
and (vii) the milestone payments relate solely to past performance. Based on the foregoing, the Company recognizes any revenue from these
milestone payments in the period in which the underlying triggering event occurs.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(iii) Multiple Element Arrangements&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The Company evaluates multiple element arrangements
to determine (1) the deliverables included in the arrangement and (2) whether the individual deliverables represent separate units of
accounting or whether they must be accounted for as a combined unit of accounting. This evaluation involves subjective determinations
and requires management to make judgments about the individual deliverables and whether such deliverables are separate from other aspects
of the contractual relationship. Deliverables are considered separate units of accounting provided that: (i) the delivered item(s) has
value to the customer on a standalone basis and (ii) if the arrangement includes a general right of return relative to the delivered
item(s), delivery or performance of the undelivered item(s) is considered probable and substantially within its control. In assessing
whether an item under a collaboration has standalone value, the Company considers factors such as the research, manufacturing, and commercialization
capabilities of the collaboration partner and the availability of the associated expertise in the general marketplace. The Company also
considers whether its collaboration partners can use the other deliverable(s) for their intended purpose without the receipt of the remaining
element(s), whether the value of the deliverable is dependent on the undelivered item(s), and whether there are other vendors that can
provide the undelivered element(s).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The Company recognizes arrangement consideration
allocated to each unit of accounting when all of the revenue recognition criteria in ASC 606 are satisfied for that particular unit of
accounting. In the event that a deliverable does not represent a separate unit of accounting, the Company recognizes revenue from the
combined unit of accounting over the Company&#x2019;s contractual or estimated performance period for the undelivered elements, which
is typically the term of the Company&#x2019;s research and development obligations. If there is no discernible pattern of performance
or objectively measurable performance measures do not exist, then the Company recognizes revenue under the arrangement on a straight-line
basis over the period the Company is expected to complete its performance obligations. Conversely, if the pattern of performance in which
the service is provided to the customer can be determined and objectively measurable performance measures exist, then the Company recognizes
revenue under the arrangement using the proportional performance method. Revenue recognized is limited to the lesser of the cumulative
amount of payments received or the cumulative amount of revenue earned, as determined using the straight-line method or proportional
performance method, as applicable, as of the period ending date.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;At the inception of an arrangement that includes
milestone payments, the Company evaluates whether each milestone is substantive and at risk to both parties on the basis of the contingent
nature of the milestone. This evaluation includes an assessment of whether: (1) the consideration is commensurate with either the Company&#x2019;s
performance to achieve the milestone or the enhancement of the value of the delivered item(s) as a result of a specific outcome resulting
from its performance to achieve the milestone, (2) the consideration relates solely to past performance and (3) the consideration is
reasonable relative to all of the deliverables and payment terms within the arrangement. The Company evaluates factors such as the scientific,
clinical, regulatory, commercial, and other risks that must be overcome to achieve the particular milestone and the level of effort and
investment required to achieve the particular milestone in making this assessment. There is considerable judgment involved in determining
whether a milestone satisfies all of the criteria required to conclude that a milestone is substantive. Milestones that are not considered
substantive are recognized as earned if there are no remaining performance obligations or over the remaining period of performance, assuming
all other revenue recognition criteria are met.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(iv) Royalties and Profit Sharing Payments&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Under the collaborative agreement with the
collaboration partners, the Company is entitled to receive royalties on sales of products, which is at certain percentage of the net
sales. The Company recognizes revenue from these events based on the revenue recognition criteria set forth in ASC 606. Based on those
criteria, the Company considers these payments to be contingent revenues, and recognizes them as revenue in the period in which the applicable
contingency is resolved.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Revenues Derived from Research and Development
Activities Services (Also known as the Contract Development &amp;amp; Manufacturing Organization Services (&#x201c;CDMO&#x201d;))&lt;/b&gt; &#x2014;
Revenues related to research and development and regulatory activities are recognized when the related services or activities are performed,
in accordance with the contract terms. The Company typically has only one performance obligation at the inception of a contract, which
is to perform research and development services. The Company may also provide its customers with an option to request that the Company
provides additional goods or services in the future, such as active pharmaceutical ingredient, API, or IND/NDA/ANDA/510K submissions.
The Company evaluates whether these options are material rights at the inception of the contract. If the Company determines an option
is a material right, the Company will consider the option a separate performance obligation.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;If the Company is entitled to reimbursement
from its customers for specified research and development expenses, the Company accounts for the related services that it provides as
separate performance obligations if it determines that these services represent a material right. The Company also determines whether
the reimbursement of research and development expenses should be accounted for as revenues or an offset to research and development expenses
in accordance with provisions of gross or net revenue presentation. The Company recognizes the corresponding revenues or records the
corresponding offset to research and development expenses as it satisfies the related performance obligations.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The Company then determines the transaction
price by reviewing the amount of consideration the Company is eligible to earn under the contracts, including any variable consideration.
Under the outstanding contracts, consideration typically includes fixed consideration and variable consideration in the form of potential
milestone payments. At the start of an agreement, the Company&#x2019;s transaction price usually consists of the payments made to or by
the Company based on the number of full-time equivalent researchers assigned to the project and the related research and development
expenses incurred. The Company does not typically include any payments that the Company may receive in the future in its initial transaction
price because the payments are not probable. The Company would reassess the total transaction price at each reporting period to determine
if the Company should include additional payments in the transaction price.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The Company receives payments from its customers
based on billing schedules established in each contract. Upfront payments and fees may be recorded as advances from customers upon receipt
or when due, and may require deferral of revenue recognition for a future period until the Company performs its obligations under these
arrangements. Amounts are recorded as accounts receivable when the right of the Company to consideration is unconditional. The Company
does not assess whether a contract has a significant financing component if the expectation at contract inception is such that the period
between payment by the customers and the transfer of the promised goods or services to the customers will be one year or less.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerPolicyTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationOptionAndIncentivePlansPolicy contextRef="c0" id="ixv-37271">&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline"&gt;Stock-based Compensation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The Company measures expense associated with all
employee stock-based compensation awards using a fair value method and recognizes such expense in the consolidated financial statements
on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period in accordance with ASC 718 &#x201c;Compensation-Stock Compensation&#x201d;.
Total director, officer, and employee stock-based compensation expenses were $0 and $1,935,755 for the three months ended March 31, 2025
and 2024, respectively.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The Company accounted for stock-based compensation
to non-employees in accordance with ASC 718 &#x201c;Compensation-Stock Compensation&#x201d; and ASC 505-50 &#x201c;Equity-Based Payments
to Non-Employees&#x201d; which requires that the cost of services received from non-employees is measured at fair value at the earlier
of the performance commitment date or the date service is completed and recognized over the period the service is provided. Total non-employee
stock-based compensation expenses were $48,773 for rent for the three months ended March 31, 2025, and $95,876&#160;for consulting services
for the three months ended March 31, 2024.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationOptionAndIncentivePlansPolicy>
    <us-gaap:AccruedEmployeeBenefitsCurrentAndNoncurrent contextRef="c5" decimals="0" id="ixv-46818" unitRef="usd">0</us-gaap:AccruedEmployeeBenefitsCurrentAndNoncurrent>
    <us-gaap:AccruedEmployeeBenefitsCurrentAndNoncurrent contextRef="c1" decimals="0" id="ixv-46819" unitRef="usd">1935755</us-gaap:AccruedEmployeeBenefitsCurrentAndNoncurrent>
    <us-gaap:EmployeeBenefitsAndShareBasedCompensation contextRef="c464" decimals="0" id="ixv-46820" unitRef="usd">48773</us-gaap:EmployeeBenefitsAndShareBasedCompensation>
    <us-gaap:DefinedBenefitPlanServiceCost contextRef="c465" decimals="0" id="ixv-46821" unitRef="usd">95876</us-gaap:DefinedBenefitPlanServiceCost>
    <us-gaap:CommitmentsAndContingenciesPolicyTextBlock contextRef="c0" id="ixv-37286">&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline"&gt;Commitments and Contingencies&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The Company has adopted ASC 450 &#x201c;Contingencies&#x201d;
subtopic 20, in determining its accruals and disclosures with respect to loss contingencies. Accordingly, estimated losses from loss
contingencies are accrued by a charge to income when information available before financial statements are issued or are available to
be issued indicates that it is probable that an asset has been impaired or a liability has been incurred at the date of the financial
statements and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. Legal expenses associated with the contingency are expensed as incurred.
If a loss contingency is not probable or reasonably estimable, disclosure of the loss contingency is made in financial statements when
it is at least reasonably possible that a material loss could be incurred.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:CommitmentsAndContingenciesPolicyTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:ForeignCurrencyTransactionsAndTranslationsPolicyTextBlock contextRef="c0" id="ixv-37296">&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline"&gt;Foreign-currency Transactions&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;For the Company&#x2019;s subsidiaries in Taiwan,
the foreign-currency transactions are recorded in New Taiwan Dollars (&#x201c;NTD&#x201d;) at the rates of exchange in effect when the
transactions occur. Gains or losses resulting from the application of different foreign exchange rates when cash in foreign currency
is converted into NTD, or when foreign-currency receivables or payables are settled, are credited or charged to income in the year of
conversion or settlement. On balance sheet dates, the balances of foreign-currency assets and liabilities are restated at the prevailing
exchange rates and the resulting differences are charged to current income except for those foreign currencies denominated investments
in shares of stock where such differences are accounted for as translation adjustments under the Statements of Changes in Stockholders&#x2019;
Equity.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:ForeignCurrencyTransactionsAndTranslationsPolicyTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:SegmentReportingPolicyPolicyTextBlock contextRef="c0" id="ixv-37307">&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline"&gt;Segment Reporting&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;ASC 280 &#x201c;Segment Reporting&#x201d; requires
public companies to report financial and descriptive information about their reportable operating segments. The Company identifies the
operating segments based on how the chief operating decision maker internally evaluates separate financial information, business activities
and management responsibility.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The Company currently has&#160;one&#160;reportable
segment, and assets are reviewed on a consolidated basis. As such, segmental data is not provided.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The following tables present revenue and gross
profit information for each of our only reportable segment:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;For The Three-Month&lt;br/&gt; Periods
    Ended&lt;br/&gt; March 31&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2025&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2024&lt;br/&gt; (Restated)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 76%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Revenue&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-330"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;1,205&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Cost of Revenue&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-331"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;277&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Segment Gross Profit (Loss)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-332"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;928&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Depreciation expense&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;7,021&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;1,286&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The following table provides a reconciliation
of total segment gross profit to the Company&#x2019;s loss before provision for income tax:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;For The Three-Month&lt;br/&gt;
    Periods Ended&lt;br/&gt; March 31&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2025&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2024&lt;br/&gt;
    (Restated)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 76%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Segment Gross Profit (Loss)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-333"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;928&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Less:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Selling, general and administrative expenses&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;615,371&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;738,486&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Research and development expenses&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;28,861&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;69,066&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Stock-based compensation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;48,773&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2,031,631&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Add (Less):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Interest income&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;19,071&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;4,049&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Interest expense&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(222,967&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(181,676&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Operating sublease income&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;12,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;8,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Gain (loss) on foreign exchange changes&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(9,912&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;60,730&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Loss on investment in equity securities&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(50,877&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-334"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Other income, net&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;1,500&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;19,485&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Loss before provision for income tax&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(944,190&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(2,927,667&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;</us-gaap:SegmentReportingPolicyPolicyTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:NumberOfReportableSegments contextRef="c0" decimals="0" id="ixv-46822" unitRef="pure">1</us-gaap:NumberOfReportableSegments>
    <us-gaap:ScheduleOfSegmentReportingInformationBySegmentTextBlock contextRef="c0" id="ixv-37338">&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The following tables present revenue and gross
profit information for each of our only reportable segment:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;For The Three-Month&lt;br/&gt; Periods
    Ended&lt;br/&gt; March 31&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2025&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2024&lt;br/&gt; (Restated)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 76%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Revenue&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-330"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;1,205&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Cost of Revenue&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-331"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;277&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Segment Gross Profit (Loss)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-332"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;928&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Depreciation expense&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;7,021&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;1,286&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;</us-gaap:ScheduleOfSegmentReportingInformationBySegmentTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:Revenues contextRef="c9" decimals="0" id="ixv-46823" unitRef="usd">1205</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:CostOfRevenue contextRef="c9" decimals="0" id="ixv-46824" unitRef="usd">277</us-gaap:CostOfRevenue>
    <us-gaap:GrossProfit contextRef="c9" decimals="0" id="ixv-46825" unitRef="usd">928</us-gaap:GrossProfit>
    <us-gaap:Depreciation contextRef="c0" decimals="0" id="ixv-46826" unitRef="usd">7021</us-gaap:Depreciation>
    <us-gaap:Depreciation contextRef="c9" decimals="0" id="ixv-46827" unitRef="usd">1286</us-gaap:Depreciation>
    <us-gaap:ReconciliationOfOtherSignificantReconcilingItemsFromSegmentsToConsolidatedTextBlock contextRef="c0" id="ixv-37478">&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;For The Three-Month&lt;br/&gt;
    Periods Ended&lt;br/&gt; March 31&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2025&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2024&lt;br/&gt;
    (Restated)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 76%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Segment Gross Profit (Loss)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-333"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;928&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Less:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Selling, general and administrative expenses&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;615,371&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;738,486&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Research and development expenses&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;28,861&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;69,066&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Stock-based compensation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;48,773&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2,031,631&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Add (Less):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Interest income&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;19,071&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;4,049&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Interest expense&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(222,967&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(181,676&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Operating sublease income&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;12,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;8,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Gain (loss) on foreign exchange changes&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(9,912&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;60,730&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Loss on investment in equity securities&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(50,877&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-334"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Other income, net&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;1,500&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;19,485&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Loss before provision for income tax&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(944,190&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(2,927,667&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;</us-gaap:ReconciliationOfOtherSignificantReconcilingItemsFromSegmentsToConsolidatedTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:GrossProfit contextRef="c467" decimals="0" id="ixv-46828" unitRef="usd">928</us-gaap:GrossProfit>
    <us-gaap:SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense contextRef="c466" decimals="0" id="ixv-46829" unitRef="usd">615371</us-gaap:SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense>
    <us-gaap:SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense contextRef="c467" decimals="0" id="ixv-46830" unitRef="usd">738486</us-gaap:SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense>
    <us-gaap:ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense contextRef="c466" decimals="0" id="ixv-46831" unitRef="usd">28861</us-gaap:ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense>
    <us-gaap:ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense contextRef="c467" decimals="0" id="ixv-46832" unitRef="usd">69066</us-gaap:ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense>
    <us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense contextRef="c466" decimals="0" id="ixv-46833" unitRef="usd">48773</us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense>
    <us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense contextRef="c467" decimals="0" id="ixv-46834" unitRef="usd">2031631</us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense>
    <us-gaap:InvestmentIncomeInterest contextRef="c466" decimals="0" id="ixv-46835" unitRef="usd">19071</us-gaap:InvestmentIncomeInterest>
    <us-gaap:InvestmentIncomeInterest contextRef="c467" decimals="0" id="ixv-46836" unitRef="usd">4049</us-gaap:InvestmentIncomeInterest>
    <us-gaap:InterestExpenseNonoperating contextRef="c466" decimals="0" id="ixv-46837" unitRef="usd">222967</us-gaap:InterestExpenseNonoperating>
    <us-gaap:InterestExpenseNonoperating contextRef="c467" decimals="0" id="ixv-46838" unitRef="usd">181676</us-gaap:InterestExpenseNonoperating>
    <us-gaap:SubleaseIncome contextRef="c466" decimals="0" id="ixv-46839" unitRef="usd">12000</us-gaap:SubleaseIncome>
    <us-gaap:SubleaseIncome contextRef="c467" decimals="0" id="ixv-46840" unitRef="usd">8000</us-gaap:SubleaseIncome>
    <us-gaap:ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossBeforeTax contextRef="c466" decimals="0" id="ixv-46841" unitRef="usd">-9912</us-gaap:ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossBeforeTax>
    <us-gaap:ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossBeforeTax contextRef="c467" decimals="0" id="ixv-46842" unitRef="usd">60730</us-gaap:ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossBeforeTax>
    <abvc:WriteOffUnclaimedAccruedLiabilites contextRef="c466" decimals="0" id="ixv-46843" unitRef="usd">-50877</abvc:WriteOffUnclaimedAccruedLiabilites>
    <us-gaap:OtherNonoperatingIncomeExpense contextRef="c466" decimals="0" id="ixv-46844" unitRef="usd">1500</us-gaap:OtherNonoperatingIncomeExpense>
    <us-gaap:OtherNonoperatingIncomeExpense contextRef="c467" decimals="0" id="ixv-46845" unitRef="usd">19485</us-gaap:OtherNonoperatingIncomeExpense>
    <us-gaap:IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest contextRef="c466" decimals="0" id="ixv-46846" unitRef="usd">-944190</us-gaap:IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest>
    <us-gaap:IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest contextRef="c467" decimals="0" id="ixv-46847" unitRef="usd">-2927667</us-gaap:IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest>
    <us-gaap:NewAccountingPronouncementsPolicyPolicyTextBlock contextRef="c0" id="ixv-37778">&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline"&gt;Recent Accounting Pronouncements&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No.
2023-09, Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures (Topic 740). The ASU requires disaggregated information about a reporting entity&#x2019;s
effective tax rate reconciliation as well as additional information on income taxes paid. The ASU is effective on a prospective basis
for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is also permitted for annual financial statements that have not
yet been issued or made available for issuance. This ASU will likely result in the required additional disclosures being included in
our consolidated financial statements once adopted.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU No.
2024-03, Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40). The ASU requires disclosure of specified information about certain costs
and expenses. This includes purchases of inventory, employee compensation, depreciation, and intangible asset amortization.&#160; The
ASU is effective on a prospective or retrospective basis for annual reporting period beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim reporting
period beginning after December 15, 2027. Early adoption is permitted. This ASU will likely result in the required additional disclosures
being included in our consolidated financial statements once adopted.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:NewAccountingPronouncementsPolicyPolicyTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:CollaborativeArrangementDisclosureTextBlock contextRef="c0" id="ixv-37808">&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;4. COLLABORATIVE AGREEMENTS&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration:underline"&gt;Collaborative agreements with BHK, a
related party&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;(i)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;On February 24, 2015,
    BioLite Taiwan and BioHopeKing Corporation (the &#x201c;BHK&#x201d;) entered into a co-development agreement, (the &#x201c;BHK Co-Development
    Agreement&#x201d;), pursuant to which it is collaborative with BHK to develop and commercialize BLI-1401-2 (Botanical Drug) Triple
    Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) Combination Therapy (BLI-1401-2 Products) in Asian countries excluding Japan for all related intellectual
    property rights, and has developed it for medicinal use in collaboration with outside researchers. The development costs shall be
    shared 50/50 between BHK and the Company. The BHK Co-Development Agreement will remain in effect for fifteen years from the date
    of first commercial sale of the Product in in Asia excluding Japan.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;On July 27, 2016, BioLite Taiwan and BHK agreed
to amend the payment terms of the milestone payment in an aggregate amount of $10 million based on the following schedule:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#x25cf;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Upon the signing of
    the BHK Co-Development Agreement: $1 million, or 10% of total payment&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#x25cf;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Upon the first Investigational
    New Drug (IND) submission and BioLite Taiwan will deliver all data to BHK according to FDA Reviewing requirement: $1 million, or
    10% of total payment&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#x25cf;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;At the completion of
    first phase II clinical trial: $1 million, or 10% of total payment&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#x25cf;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;At the initiation of
    phase III of clinical trial research: $3 million, or 30% of total payment&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#x25cf;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Upon the New Drug Application
    (NDA) submission: $4 million, or 40% of total payment&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;In December 2015, BHK has paid a non-refundable
upfront cash payment of $1 million, or 10% of $10.0 million, upon the signing of BHK Co-Development Agreement. The Company concluded
that the deliverables are considered separate units of accounting as the delivered items have value to the customer on a standalone basis
and recognized this cash receipt as collaboration revenue when all research, technical, and development data was delivered to BHK in
2015. The receipt is for the compensation of past research efforts and contributions made by BioLite Taiwan before this collaborative
agreement was signed and it does not relate to any future commitments made by BioLite Taiwan and BHK in this collaborative agreement.
In August 2016, the Company received the second milestone payment of &lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-335"&gt;NTD31,649,000&lt;/span&gt;, approximately equivalent to $1 million, and recognized
collaboration revenue for the year ended December 31, 2016. As of the date of this report, the Company has not completed the first phase
II clinical trial.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;In addition to the milestone payments, BioLite
Taiwan is entitled to receive royalty on 12% of BHK&#x2019;s net sales related to BLI-1401-2 Products. As of March 31, 2025, the Company
has not earned the royalty under the BHK Co-Development Agreement.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(ii) On December 9, 2015, BioLite Taiwan entered
into another two collaborative agreements (the &#x201c;BHK Collaborative Agreements&#x201d;), pursuant to which it is collaborative with
BHK to co-develop and commercialize BLI-1005 for &#x201c;Targeting Major Depressive Disorder&#x201d; (BLI-1005 Products) and BLI-1006 for
&#x201c;Targeting Inflammatory Bowel Disease&#x201d; (BLI-1006 Products) in Asia excluding Japan for all related intellectual property
rights, and has developed it for medicinal use in collaboration with outside researchers. The development costs shall be shared 50/50
between BHK and the Company. The BHK Co-Development Agreement will remain in effect for fifteen years from the date of first commercial
sale of the Product in in Asia excluding Japan.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;In 2015, the Company recognized the cash receipt
in a total of &lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-336"&gt;NTD50 million&lt;/span&gt;, approximately equivalent to $1.6 million, as collaboration revenue when all research, technical, and development
data was delivered to BHK. The Company concluded that the deliverables are considered separate units of accounting as the delivered items
have value to the customer on a standalone basis and recognized this payment as collaboration revenue when all research, technical, data
and development data was delivered to BHK. The cash receipt is for the compensation of past research efforts and contributions made by
BioLite Taiwan before this BHK Collaborative Agreements was signed and it does not relate to any future commitments made by BioLite Taiwan
and BHK in this BHK Collaborative Agreements.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;In addition to the total of &lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-337"&gt;NTD50 million&lt;/span&gt;,
approximately equivalent to $1.6 million, BioLite Taiwan is entitled to receive 50% of the future net licensing income or net sales profit.
As of March 31, 2025, the Company has not earned the royalty under the BHK Collaborative Agreements.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration:underline"&gt;Co-Development agreement with Rgene
Corporation, a related party&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;On May 26, 2017, the Company through its subsidiary, BriVision, entered into a co-development agreement (the &#x201c;Co-Dev Agreement&#x201d;) with Rgene Corporation (the &#x201c;Rgene&#x201d;), a related party controlled by the controlling beneficiary shareholder of YuanGene Corporation (See Note 10). Pursuant to Co-Dev Agreement, the Company and Rgene agreed to co-develop and commercialize ABV-1507 HER2/neu Positive Breast Cancer Combination Therapy, ABV-1511 Pancreatic Cancer Combination Therapy and ABV-1527 Ovary Cancer Combination Therapy. Under the terms of the Co-Dev Agreement, Rgene is required to&#160;pay the Company $3.0 million in cash or stock of Rgene with equivalent value by August 15, 2017. The payment is for the compensation of the Company&#x2019;s past research efforts and contributions before the Co-Dev Agreement was signed and it does not relate to any future commitments made by the Company and Rgene in this Co-Dev Agreement. In addition to $3.0 million, the Company is entitled to receive 50% of the future net licensing income or net sales profit earned by Rgene, if any, and any development costs shall be equally shared by both the Company and Rgene.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;On June 1, 2017, the Company has delivered
all research, technical, data and development data to Rgene. Since both Rgene and the Company are related parties and under control by
a controlling beneficiary shareholder of YuanGene Corporation and a director and officer of the Company, the Company has recorded the
full amount of $3.0 million in connection with the Co-Dev Agreement as additional paid-in capital during the year ended December 31,
2017. During the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company received $450,000 in cash. On December 24, 2018, the Company received the
remaining balance of $2,550,000 in the form of newly issued shares of Rgene&#x2019;s Common Stock, at the price of &lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-339"&gt;NTD50&lt;/span&gt; per share (approximately
equivalent to $1.60 per share), for an aggregate number of 1,530,000 shares, which accounted for equity method long-term investment as
of December 31, 2018. On December 31, 2018, the Company determined to fully write off this investment based on the Company&#x2019;s assessment
of the severity and duration of the impairment, and qualitative and quantitative analysis of the operating performance of the investee,
adverse changes in market conditions and the regulatory or economic environment, changes in operating structure of Rgene, additional
funding requirements, and Rgene&#x2019;s ability to remain in business. All projects that have been initiated will be managed and supported
by the Company and Rgene.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The Company and Rgene signed an amendment
to the Co-Dev Agreement on November 10, 2020, pursuant to which both parties agreed to delete AB-1507 HER2/neu Positive Breast Cancer
Combination Therapy and ABV-1527 Ovary Cancer Combination Therapy and add ABV-1519 EGFR Positive Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Combination
Therapy and ABV-1526 Large Intestine / Colon / Rectal Cancer Combination Therapy to the products to be co-developed and commercialized.
Other provisions of the Co-Dev Agreement remain in full force and effect.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;On June 10, 2022, the Company expanded its
co-development partnership with Rgene. On that date, BioKey, ABVC has entered into a Clinical Development Service Agreement with Rgene
to guide three Rgene drug products, RGC-1501 for the treatment of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC), RGC-1502 for the treatment of pancreatic
cancer and RGC 1503 for the treatment of colorectal cancer patients, through completion of Phase II clinical studies under the U.S. FDA
IND regulatory requirements. Under the terms of the new Services Agreement, BioKey is eligible to receive payments totaling $3.0 million
over a 3-year period with each payment amount to be determined by certain regulatory milestones obtained during the agreement period.
The Service Agreement shall remain in effect until the expiration date of the last patent and automatically renew for 5 more years unless
terminated earlier by either party with six months&#x2019; written notice. Either party may terminate the Service Agreement for cause
by providing 30 days written notice.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Through a series of transactions over the
past 5 years, the Company and Rgene have co-developed the three drug products covered by the Service Agreement, which has resulted in
the Company owning 26.65% of Rgene.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;As part of the Rgene Studies, the Company
agreed to loan $1.0 million and made $0.5 million to Rgene, for which Rgene has provided the Company with a 5% interest rate convertible
loan (the &#x201c;Note&#x201d;). If the Note is fully converted, the Company will own an additional 6.4% of Rgene. The Company is expected
to receive the outstanding loan from the related party by the first half of 2025, either by cash or conversion of shares of Rgene. The
Company may convert the Note at any time into shares of Rgene&#x2019;s common stock at either (i) a fixed conversion price equal to $1.00
per share or (ii) 20% discount of the stock price of the then most recent offering, whichever is lower; the conversion price is subject
to adjustment as set forth in the Note. The Note includes standard events of default, as well as a cross-default provision pursuant to
which a breach of the Service Agreement will trigger an event of default under the Note if not cured after 5 business days of written
notice regarding the breach is provided. Upon an event of default, the outstanding principal and any accrued and unpaid interest shall
be immediately due and payable. The Note was fully converted to Rgene&#x2019;s common stocks in 2024. See Note 6 for details.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The Service Agreement shall remain in effect
until the expiration date of the last patent and automatically renew for 5 more years unless terminated earlier by either party with
six months&#x2019; written notice. Either party may terminate the Service Agreement for cause by providing 30 days written notice.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Rgene has further agreed, effective July 1,
2022, to provide the Company with a seat on Rgene&#x2019;s Board of Directors until the loan is repaid in full. The Company has nominated
Dr. Jiang, its Chief Strategy Officer and Director to occupy that seat; Dr. Jiang is also one of the Company&#x2019;s director and officer.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The Rgene Studies is a related party transaction.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration:underline"&gt;Collaborative agreement with BioFirst
Corporation, a related party&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;On July 24, 2017, the Company through its
subsidiary, BriVision, entered into a collaborative agreement (the &#x201c;BioFirst Collaborative Agreement&#x201d;) with BioFirst Corporation
(&#x201c;BioFirst&#x201d;), pursuant to which BioFirst granted the Company the global licensing right for medical use of the product (the
&#x201c;Product&#x201d;): BFC-1401 Vitreous Substitute for Vitrectomy. BioFirst is a related party to the Company because a controlling
beneficiary shareholder of YuanGene Corporation and the Company is one of the directors and common stock shareholders of BioFirst (See
Note 10).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Pursuant to the BioFirst Collaborative Agreement,
the Company will co-develop and commercialize the Product with BioFirst and pay BioFirst in a total amount of $3.0 million in cash or
stock of the Company before September 30, 2018. The amount of $3.0 million is in connection with the compensation for BioFirst&#x2019;s
past research efforts and contributions made by BioFirst before the BioFirst Collaborative Agreement was signed and it does not relate
to any future commitments in this BioFirst Collaborative Agreement. In addition, the Company is entitled to receive 50% of the future
net licensing income or net sales profit, if any, and any development cost shall be equally shared by both the Company and BioFirst.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;On September 25, 2017, BioFirst delivered
all research, technical, data and development data to the Company. The Company determined to fully expense the entire amount of $3.0
million since currently the related licensing rights do not have alternative future uses. According to ASC 730-10-25-1, absent alternative
future uses the acquisition of product rights to be used in research and development activities must be charged to research and development
expenses immediately. Hence, the entire amount of $3.0 million is fully expensed as research and development expense during the year
ended December 31, 2017.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;On June 30, 2019, BriVision entered into a
Stock Purchase Agreement (the &#x201c;Purchase Agreement&#x201d;) with BioFirst. Pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, the Company issued
&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-338"&gt;42,857 shares&lt;/span&gt; (post-split) of the Company&#x2019;s common stock to BioFirst in consideration for $3.0 million owed by the Company to BioFirst
(the &#x201c;Total Payment&#x201d;) in connection with BioFirst Collaborative Agreement.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;On August 5, 2019, BriVision entered into
a second Stock Purchase Agreement (&#x201c;Purchase Agreement 2&#x201d;) with BioFirst. Pursuant to Purchase Agreement 2, the Company issued
41,470 shares (post-split) of the Company&#x2019;s common stock to BioFirst in consideration for $2,902,911 owed by the Company to BioFirst
in connection with a loan provided to BriVision from BioFirst.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;On November 4, 2020, the Company executed
an amendment to the BioFirst Collaborative Agreement to add ABV-2001 Intraocular Irrigation Solution and ABV-2002 Corneal Storage Solution
to the agreement. ABV-2002 is utilized during a corneal transplant procedure to replace a damaged or diseased cornea while ABV-2001 has
broader utilization during a variety of ocular procedures.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Initially the Company will focus on ABV-2002,
a solution utilized to store a donor cornea prior to either penetrating keratoplasty (full thickness cornea transplant) or endothelial
keratoplasty (back layer cornea transplant). ABV-2002 is a solution comprised of a specific poly amino acid that protects ocular tissue
from damage caused by external osmolarity exposure during pre-surgery storage. The specific polymer in ABV-2002 can adjust osmolarity
to maintain a range of 330 to 390 mOsM thereby permitting hydration within the corneal stroma during the storage period. Stromal hydration
results in (a) maintaining acceptable corneal transparency and (b) prevents donor cornea swelling. ABV-2002 also contains an abundant
phenolic phytochemical found in plant cell walls that provides antioxidant antibacterial properties and neuroprotection.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Early testing by BioFirst indicates that ABV-2002
may be more effective for protecting the cornea and retina during long-term storage than other storage media available today and can
be manufactured at lower cost. Further ABV-2002 product development was put on hold due to the lack of funding.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;In addition, BioFirst was incorporated on
November 7, 2006, focusing on the R&amp;amp;D, manufacturing, and sales of innovative patented pharmaceutical products. The technology of
BioFirst comes from the global exclusive licensing from domestic R &amp;amp; D institutions. Currently, the main research and development
product is the vitreous substitute (Vitargus&#xae;) Licensed by the National Health Research Institutes. Vitargus is the world&#x2019;s
first bio-degradable vitreous substitute and offers a number of advantages over current vitreous substitutes by minimizing medical complications
and reducing the need for additional surgeries.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;BioFirst has started the construction of a
GMP factory in Hsinchu Biomedical Science Park, Taiwan, with the aim at building a production base to supply the global market, and promote
the construction of bio-degradable vitreous substitute manufacturing centers in Taiwan. Completion of this factory would allow ABVC to
manufacture Vitargus with world-class technology in a GMP certified pharmaceutical factory. BioFirst is targeting to complete the construction
in 2025.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;As of March 31, 2025, the Company has not
earned any net licensing income or net sales profit earned by BioFirst under these collaborative agreements.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration:underline"&gt;Collaborative agreement with ForSeeCon
Eye Corporation, a related party&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;On March 25, 2024, the Company and BioFirst
each entered into a twenty-year, global definitive licensing agreement (the &#x201c;FEYE Licensing Agreement&#x201d;) with ForSeeCon Eye
Corporation, a company registered in the British Virgin Islands (&#x201c;FEYE&#x201d;) for the products in the Company and BioFirst&#x2019;s
Ophthalmology pipeline, including Vitargus (the &#x201c;Vitargus Products&#x201d;). The license covers Vitargus Products&#x2019; clinical
trial, registration, manufacturing, supply, and distribution rights; FEYE also has the rights to sublicense or partner with a third party
to develop the Licensed Products. As per each of the respective FEYE Licensing Agreements, each of the Company and BioFirst shall receive
a total licensing fee of $33.5 million, composed of an upfront payment of $30 million, which can instead be paid with 5 million shares
of FEYE stock at $6 per share within 30 days after the execution of the FEYE Licensing Agreement, and a $3.5 million cash milestone payment,
due 30 days upon completion of next round fundraising. Additionally, each of the Company and BioFirst are eligible to receive royalties
of 5% of net sales.&#160;As of March 31, 2025, the Company received 5 million FEYE shares but did not recognize such licensing revenue
since the fair value of FEYE stock is uncertain.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;On June 18, 2024, the Company and BioFirst,
each entered into an amendment (the &#x201c;Amendment&#x201d;) to the Licensing Agreement with FEYE, pursuant to which the Company and
BioFirst have agreed to allow FEYE to pay the second milestone payment in the amount of $3.5 million per Licensing Agreement, incrementally
(such as $100,000), at any given time, rather than in one lump sum. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company received in
cash and recognized revenue of $296,000, pursuant to the Amendment. There was no cash receipt in the three months periods ended March
31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration:underline"&gt;Collaborative agreement with OncoX BiopPharma,
Inc., a related party&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;On April 16, 2024, the Company entered into
a definitive agreement with OncoX BioPharma, Inc., a private company registered in the British Virgin Islands (&#x201c;Oncox&#x201d;),
pursuant to which the Company will grant Oncox an exclusive right to develop and commercialize ABVC&#x2019;s single-herb botanical drug
extract from the dry fruit body of Maitake Mushroom (Grifola Frondosa) for treatment of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (the &#x201c;Lung Cancer
Products&#x201d;), within North America for 20 years (the &#x201c;April 2024 Oncox Agreement&#x201d;). In consideration thereof, Oncox shall
pay ABVC $6.25 million (or 1.25 million Oncox shares valued at $5 per share) 30 days after entering into the agreement and $625,000,
30 days following the completion of Oncox&#x2019;s next round of fundraising, of which there is no guarantee; ABVC is also entitled to
5% royalties based on the net sales, as defined in the April 2024 Oncox Agreement, from the first commercial sale of the Lung Cancer
Product in North America, of which there can be no guarantee. Oncox entered into another agreement with ABVC&#x2019;s affiliate, Rgene
Corporation, on the same terms. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company received in cash and recognized revenue of $200,000
pursuant to the agreement. At the time of transferring the license, the Company also received 1.25 million OncoX shares but did not recognize
such licensing revenue since the fair value of Oncox stock is uncertain. There was no cash receipt in the three months periods ended
March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;On May 8, 2024, the Company entered into a
definitive agreement with OncoX, pursuant to which the Company will grant Oncox an exclusive right to develop and commercialize ABVC&#x2019;s
BLEX 404 single-herb botanical drug extract from the dry fruit body of Maitake Mushroom (Grifola Frondosa) for treatment of Pancreatic
(the Pancreatic Product), within a certain territory, specified as 50% of the Worldwide Markets for 20 years (the &#x201c;May 8, 2024
Oncox Agreement&#x201d;). In consideration thereof, Oncox shall pay ABVC a total of $6.25 million (or 1.25 million Oncox shares valued
at $5 per share) within 30 days of entering into the May 8, 2024 Oncox Agreement, with an additional milestone payment of $625,000 in
cash after OncoX&#x2019;s next round of fundraising, of which there can be no guarantee. Oncox may remit cash payments of at least $100,000
towards the licensing fees and deductible from the second milestone payment; ABVC is also entitled to royalties of 5% of net sales, as
defined in the May 8, 2024 Oncox Agreement, from the first commercial sale of the Pancreatic Product in the noted territory, which remains
uncertain. The Company will permit Oncox to pay the license fee in installments or in a lump sum and will allow Oncox to use its revenue
to fund such payments. Oncox entered into another agreement with ABVC&#x2019;s affiliate, Rgene Corporation, on the same terms. At the
time of transferring the license, the Company also received 1.25 million OncoX shares but did not recognize such licensing revenue since
the fair value of Oncox stock is uncertain. There was no cash receipt in the three months periods ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;On May 14, 2024, the Company and its subsidiary,
BioLite Inc (collectively, the &#x201c;licensor&#x201d;), each entered into a licensing agreement with OncoX, on the same terms, pursuant
to which the licensors will grant Oncox an exclusive right to develop and commercialize ABVC&#x2019;s BLEX 404 single-herb botanical drug
extract from the dry fruit body of Maitake Mushroom (Grifola Frondosa) for treatment of Tripple Negative Breast Cancer (the TNBC Product),
within a certain territory, specified as 50% of the Worldwide Markets for 20 years (the &#x201c;May 14, 2024 Oncox Agreements&#x201d;).
In each agreement for consideration thereof, Oncox shall pay each licensor a total of $6.25 million (or 1.25 million Oncox shares valued
at $5 per share) within 30 days of entering into the May 14, 2024 Oncox Agreements, with an additional milestone payment of $625,000
in cash after OncoX&#x2019;s next round of fundraising, of which there can be no guarantee. Oncox may remit cash payments of at least
$100,000 towards the licensing fees and deductible from the second milestone payment; each licensor is also entitled to royalties of
5% of net sales, from the first commercial sale of the TNBC Product in the noted territory, which remains uncertain. The Company will
permit Oncox to pay the license fee in installments or in a lump sum and will allow Oncox to use its revenue to fund such payments. At
the time of transferring the license, the Company and BioLite also each received 1.25 million OncoX shares but did not recognize such
licensing revenue since the fair value of Oncox stock is uncertain. There was no cash receipt in the three months periods ended March
31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;On May 23, 2024, the Company and its subsidiary,
BioLite Inc (collectively, the &#x201c;licensor&#x201d;), each entered into a licensing agreement with OncoX, on the same terms, pursuant
to which the licensors will grant Oncox an exclusive right to develop and commercialize ABVC&#x2019;s BLEX 404 single-herb botanical drug
extract from the dry fruit body of Maitake Mushroom (Grifola Frondosa) for treatment of Myelodysplastic Syndrome (the &#x201c;MS Products&#x201d;),
within a certain territory, specified as 50% of the Worldwide Markets for 20 years (the &#x201c;May 23, 2024 Oncox Agreements&#x201d;).
In consideration thereof, Oncox shall pay each licensor a total of $6.25 million (or 1.25 million Oncox shares valued at $5 per share)
30 days after entering the May 23, 2024 Oncox Agreements, with an additional milestone payment of $625,000 in cash after OncoX&#x2019;s
next round of fundraising, of which there can be no guarantee. Oncox may remit cash payments of at least $100,000 towards the licensing
fees and deductible from the second milestone payment; each licensor is also entitled to royalties of 5% of net sales, from the first
commercial sale of the MS Product in the noted territory, which remains uncertain. Oncox may use its revenue to fund the licensing fees.
At the time of transferring the license, the Company and BioLite also each received 1.25 million OncoX shares but did not recognize such
licensing revenue since the fair value of Oncox stock is uncertain. There was no cash receipt in the three months periods ended March
31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Above mentioned price of OncoX&#x2019;s shares
was determined through private negotiations between the parties; no third-party valuation was completed.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:CollaborativeArrangementDisclosureTextBlock>
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to amend the payment terms of the milestone payment in an aggregate amount of $10 million based on the following schedule:

    &#160;
    &#x25cf;
    Upon the signing of
    the BHK Co-Development Agreement: $1 million, or 10% of total payment


    &#160;
    &#x25cf;
    Upon the first Investigational
    New Drug (IND) submission and BioLite Taiwan will deliver all data to BHK according to FDA Reviewing requirement: $1 million, or
    10% of total payment


    &#160;
    &#x25cf;
    At the completion of
    first phase II clinical trial: $1 million, or 10% of total payment


    &#160;
    &#x25cf;
    At the initiation of
    phase III of clinical trial research: $3 million, or 30% of total payment


    &#160;
    &#x25cf;
    Upon the New Drug Application
    (NDA) submission: $4 million, or 40% of total payment
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      id="ixv-46901"
      unitRef="usdPershares">5</us-gaap:SharesIssuedPricePerShare>
    <abvc:AdditionalMilestonePaymentInCash contextRef="c160" decimals="0" id="ixv-46902" unitRef="usd">625000</abvc:AdditionalMilestonePaymentInCash>
    <abvc:LicensingFees contextRef="c160" decimals="0" id="ixv-46903" unitRef="usd">100000</abvc:LicensingFees>
    <abvc:MilestonePaymentsRoyaltyPercentage
      contextRef="c160"
      decimals="2"
      id="ixv-46904"
      unitRef="pure">0.05</abvc:MilestonePaymentsRoyaltyPercentage>
    <abvc:NumberOfSharesReceived
      contextRef="c160"
      decimals="-4"
      id="ixv-46905"
      unitRef="shares">1250000</abvc:NumberOfSharesReceived>
    <abvc:PercentageOfDevelopAndCommercialize
      contextRef="c162"
      decimals="2"
      id="ixv-46906"
      unitRef="pure">0.50</abvc:PercentageOfDevelopAndCommercialize>
    <abvc:ConsiderationPaidForAgreement
      contextRef="c162"
      decimals="-4"
      id="ixv-46907"
      unitRef="usd">6250000</abvc:ConsiderationPaidForAgreement>
    <us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockSplits
      contextRef="c162"
      decimals="-4"
      id="ixv-46908"
      unitRef="shares">1250000</us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockSplits>
    <us-gaap:SharesIssuedPricePerShare
      contextRef="c163"
      decimals="0"
      id="ixv-46909"
      unitRef="usdPershares">5</us-gaap:SharesIssuedPricePerShare>
    <abvc:AdditionalMilestonePaymentInCash contextRef="c162" decimals="0" id="ixv-46910" unitRef="usd">625000</abvc:AdditionalMilestonePaymentInCash>
    <abvc:LicensingFees contextRef="c162" decimals="0" id="ixv-46911" unitRef="usd">100000</abvc:LicensingFees>
    <abvc:MilestonePaymentsRoyaltyPercentage
      contextRef="c162"
      decimals="2"
      id="ixv-46912"
      unitRef="pure">0.05</abvc:MilestonePaymentsRoyaltyPercentage>
    <abvc:NumberOfSharesReceived
      contextRef="c162"
      decimals="-4"
      id="ixv-46913"
      unitRef="shares">1250000</abvc:NumberOfSharesReceived>
    <abvc:PercentageOfDevelopAndCommercialize
      contextRef="c164"
      decimals="2"
      id="ixv-46914"
      unitRef="pure">0.50</abvc:PercentageOfDevelopAndCommercialize>
    <abvc:ConsiderationPaidForAgreement
      contextRef="c164"
      decimals="-4"
      id="ixv-46915"
      unitRef="usd">6250000</abvc:ConsiderationPaidForAgreement>
    <us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockSplits
      contextRef="c164"
      decimals="-4"
      id="ixv-46916"
      unitRef="shares">1250000</us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockSplits>
    <us-gaap:SharesIssuedPricePerShare
      contextRef="c165"
      decimals="0"
      id="ixv-46917"
      unitRef="usdPershares">5</us-gaap:SharesIssuedPricePerShare>
    <abvc:AdditionalMilestonePaymentInCash contextRef="c164" decimals="0" id="ixv-46918" unitRef="usd">625000</abvc:AdditionalMilestonePaymentInCash>
    <abvc:LicensingFees contextRef="c164" decimals="0" id="ixv-46919" unitRef="usd">100000</abvc:LicensingFees>
    <abvc:MilestonePaymentsRoyaltyPercentage
      contextRef="c164"
      decimals="2"
      id="ixv-46920"
      unitRef="pure">0.05</abvc:MilestonePaymentsRoyaltyPercentage>
    <abvc:NumberOfSharesReceived
      contextRef="c164"
      decimals="-4"
      id="ixv-46921"
      unitRef="shares">1250000</abvc:NumberOfSharesReceived>
    <us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentDisclosureTextBlock contextRef="c0" id="ixv-38103">&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;5. PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT, AND PREPAMENT FOR ASSET ACQUISITION&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 23.75pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -23.75pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline"&gt;Property
and Equipment&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 23.75pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -23.75pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The Company has offices and labs located in
Taiwan, and a GMP manufacturing facility in Fremont, CA. Property and equipment as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024 are summarized
as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 23.75pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -23.75pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;March&#160;31,&lt;br/&gt; 2025&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;December&#160;31,&lt;br/&gt; 2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 76%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Land&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;8,004,520&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;338,966&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Buildings and leasehold improvements&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2,217,756&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2,219,244&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Machinery and equipment&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;1,129,804&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;1,131,169&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Office equipment&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;161,384&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;163,448&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;11,513,464&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;3,852,827&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Less: accumulated depreciation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(3,344,718&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(3,341,739&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Property and equipment, net&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;8,168,746&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;511,088&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 23.75pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -23.75pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Depreciation expenses were $7,021&#160;and $1,286 for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the land with book value amounted to approximately $334,520 and $338,966 (except for the recently acquired land in Puli, Taiwan, amounted to $7,670,000), respectively, were pledged for obtaining bank loan (see Notes 9 Bank loans).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 23.75pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -23.75pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline"&gt;Prepayment
for asset acquisition&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 23.75pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -23.75pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Prepayment for asset acquisition consists
of the properties in Chengdu, China. The Company entered into a cooperation agreement on August 14, 2023, with Zhong Hui Lian He Ji Tuan,
Ltd. (the &#x201c;Zhonghui&#x201d;). Pursuant thereto, the Company will acquire 20% of the ownership of certain property and a parcel of
the land, with a view to jointly develop the property into a healthcare center for senior living, long-term care, and medical care in
the areas of ABVC&#x2019;s special interests, such as Ophthalmology, Oncology, and Central Nervous Systems. The plan is to establish a
base for the China market and global development of these interests.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The valuation of such property is $37 million;
based on the Company&#x2019;s 20% ownership, the Company would acquire the value of $7,400,000. In exchange, the Company issued to Zhonghui
an aggregate of 370,000 shares (the &#x201c;Shares&#x201d;) of common stock, at a per share price of $20.0. The Shares are subject to a
lock-up period of one year following the closing date of the transaction. In addition, the parties agreed that, after one year following
the closing of the transaction, if the market value of the Shares or the value of the property increases or decreases, the parties will
negotiate in good faith to make reasonable adjustments. The Company&#x2019;s ownership rights to the property and the associated land
parcel, or a suitable replacement property, are safeguarded under the terms of the cooperation agreement, which is legally binding and
enforceable.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;As discussed in Note 2, the Company incorrectly
applied ASC 845 instead of ASC 718, resulting in an adjustment of the reported value to from $7,400,000 to $691,900, and reclassification
from Construction-in-Progress to Prepayment for Asset Acquisition.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The construction-in-progress property is planned
to finish before the end of 2025.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline"&gt;Acquisition of land in Taiwan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;In March 2024, AiBtl issued 1,534,000 AiBtl&#x2019;s
common stocks to acquire farmland in Taiwan, which land will be used for developing health related businesses. As of the date of issuance
of these financial statements, the transfer of the land&#x2019;s title is under government review, pending completion of the title transfer
registration. However, upon the closing of the transaction, both parties are aware of such Taiwan&#x2019;s legal restrictions prohibiting
foreign entities directly owning farmland. In addition to newly incorporated controlling subsidiary, Yunzhiyi, to be holding the title
of the land upon government&#x2019;s approval, on March 31, 2025, the Company and the landowners executed the Nominee Holding Agreement,
Land Lease Agreement, and Consulting Agreement, under the witness of and confirmed by a legal counsel in Taiwan, in which the landowners
unconditionally grant the full legal rights to the land to the Company before the completion of the title transfer. Based on the execution
of the agreement, the Company recognized $7,670,000 ($5 per share of AiBtl&#x2019;s common stock) of land on its balance sheet.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentDisclosureTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTextBlock contextRef="c0" id="ixv-38112">&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The Company has offices and labs located in
Taiwan, and a GMP manufacturing facility in Fremont, CA. Property and equipment as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024 are summarized
as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 23.75pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -23.75pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;March&#160;31,&lt;br/&gt; 2025&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;December&#160;31,&lt;br/&gt; 2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 76%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Land&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;8,004,520&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;338,966&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Buildings and leasehold improvements&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2,217,756&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2,219,244&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Machinery and equipment&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;1,129,804&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;1,131,169&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Office equipment&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;161,384&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;163,448&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;11,513,464&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;3,852,827&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Less: accumulated depreciation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(3,344,718&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(3,341,739&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Property and equipment, net&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;8,168,746&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;511,088&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross contextRef="c490" decimals="0" id="ixv-46922" unitRef="usd">8004520</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross>
    <us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross contextRef="c169" decimals="0" id="ixv-46923" unitRef="usd">338966</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross>
    <us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross contextRef="c491" decimals="0" id="ixv-46924" unitRef="usd">2217756</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross>
    <us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross contextRef="c173" decimals="0" id="ixv-46925" unitRef="usd">2219244</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross>
    <us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross contextRef="c492" decimals="0" id="ixv-46926" unitRef="usd">1129804</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross>
    <us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross contextRef="c175" decimals="0" id="ixv-46927" unitRef="usd">1131169</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross>
    <us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross contextRef="c493" decimals="0" id="ixv-46928" unitRef="usd">161384</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross>
    <us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross contextRef="c177" decimals="0" id="ixv-46929" unitRef="usd">163448</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross>
    <us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross contextRef="c5" decimals="0" id="ixv-46930" unitRef="usd">11513464</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross>
    <us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross contextRef="c1" decimals="0" id="ixv-46931" unitRef="usd">3852827</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross>
    <us-gaap:AccumulatedDepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationPropertyPlantAndEquipment contextRef="c5" decimals="0" id="ixv-46932" unitRef="usd">3344718</us-gaap:AccumulatedDepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationPropertyPlantAndEquipment>
    <us-gaap:AccumulatedDepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationPropertyPlantAndEquipment contextRef="c1" decimals="0" id="ixv-46933" unitRef="usd">3341739</us-gaap:AccumulatedDepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationPropertyPlantAndEquipment>
    <us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet contextRef="c5" decimals="0" id="ixv-46934" unitRef="usd">8168746</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet>
    <us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet contextRef="c1" decimals="0" id="ixv-46935" unitRef="usd">511088</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet>
    <us-gaap:Depreciation contextRef="c482" decimals="0" id="ixv-46936" unitRef="usd">7021</us-gaap:Depreciation>
    <us-gaap:Depreciation contextRef="c483" decimals="0" id="ixv-46937" unitRef="usd">1286</us-gaap:Depreciation>
    <us-gaap:LandAndLandImprovements contextRef="c5" decimals="0" id="ixv-46938" unitRef="usd">334520</us-gaap:LandAndLandImprovements>
    <us-gaap:LandAndLandImprovements contextRef="c1" decimals="0" id="ixv-46939" unitRef="usd">338966</us-gaap:LandAndLandImprovements>
    <us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueAcquisitions contextRef="c484" decimals="0" id="ixv-46940" unitRef="usd">7670000</us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueAcquisitions>
    <us-gaap:SaleOfStockPercentageOfOwnershipAfterTransaction
      contextRef="c485"
      decimals="2"
      id="ixv-46941"
      unitRef="pure">0.20</us-gaap:SaleOfStockPercentageOfOwnershipAfterTransaction>
    <us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsPropertyPlantAndEquipment contextRef="c5" decimals="-6" id="ixv-46942" unitRef="usd">37000000</us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsPropertyPlantAndEquipment>
    <us-gaap:EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage
      contextRef="c486"
      decimals="2"
      id="ixv-46943"
      unitRef="pure">0.20</us-gaap:EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage>
    <us-gaap:FairValueOfAssetsAcquired contextRef="c487" decimals="0" id="ixv-46944" unitRef="usd">7400000</us-gaap:FairValueOfAssetsAcquired>
    <us-gaap:CommonStockCapitalSharesReservedForFutureIssuance
      contextRef="c486"
      decimals="0"
      id="ixv-46945"
      unitRef="shares">370000</us-gaap:CommonStockCapitalSharesReservedForFutureIssuance>
    <us-gaap:SharePrice
      contextRef="c486"
      decimals="1"
      id="ixv-46946"
      unitRef="usdPershares">20</us-gaap:SharePrice>
    <us-gaap:ConstructionInProgressGross contextRef="c449" decimals="0" id="ixv-46947" unitRef="usd">7400000</us-gaap:ConstructionInProgressGross>
    <us-gaap:ConstructionInProgressGross contextRef="c450" decimals="0" id="ixv-46948" unitRef="usd">691900</us-gaap:ConstructionInProgressGross>
    <us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesAcquisitions
      contextRef="c488"
      decimals="0"
      id="ixv-46949"
      unitRef="shares">1534000</us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesAcquisitions>
    <us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueAcquisitions contextRef="c488" decimals="0" id="ixv-46950" unitRef="usd">7670000</us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueAcquisitions>
    <us-gaap:SharesIssuedPricePerShare
      contextRef="c489"
      decimals="0"
      id="ixv-46951"
      unitRef="usdPershares">5</us-gaap:SharesIssuedPricePerShare>
    <us-gaap:InvestmentTextBlock contextRef="c0" id="ixv-38321">&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 23.75pt; text-indent: -23.75pt"&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;6. LONG-TERM INVESTMENTS&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 23.75pt; text-indent: -23.75pt"&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt; &lt;td style="width: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(1)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The ownership percentages of each investee are listed as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/table&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Ownership percentage&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;March&#160;31,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;December&#160;31,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Accounting&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Name of investees&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2025&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2024&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;treatments&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt; &lt;td style="width: 55%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Braingenesis Biotechnology Co., Ltd.*&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;0.17&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;0.17&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="width: 20%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Cost Method&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Genepharm Biotech Corporation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;0.67&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;0.67&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Cost Method&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;BioHopeKing Corporation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;5.90&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;5.90&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Cost Method&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;ForSeeCon Eye Corporation (see Note 10)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;19.78&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;19.78&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Cost Method&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;BioFirst Corporation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;18.68&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;18.68&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Equity&#160;Method&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;OncoX BioPharma, Inc. (see Note 10)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;24.97&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;24.97&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Equity Method&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Rgene Corporation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;37.00&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;26.65&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Equity Method&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;BioLite Japan K.K.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;49.00&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;49.00&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Equity Method&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/table&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt; &lt;td style="width: 0%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="width: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;*&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;This company was acquired by Canal Biotech Corporation Inc. Our stock is in the process of replacement with the stock of the acquired company and the ownership percentage is subject to change.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/table&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt; &lt;td style="width: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(2)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The extent the investee relies on the company for its business is summarized as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/table&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; width: 30%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Name of investees&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; width: 69%; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;The extent the investee relies on the Company for its business &#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Braingenesis Biotechnology Co., Ltd.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;No specific business relationship&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top; "&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Genepharm Biotech Corporation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;No specific business relationship&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;BioHopeKing Corporation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Collaborating with the Company to develop and commercialize drugs (referring to Note 4, Collaborative Agreements)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top; "&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;BioLite Japan K.K.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The Company&#x2019;s joint venture noncontrolling subsidiary perform research and development activities and explore business opportunities in Japan &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;ForSeeCon Eye Corporation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Collaborating with the Company to develop and commercialize ophthalmic medical devices (referring to Note 4, Collaborative Agreements)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top; "&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;BioFirst Corporation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Loaned from the investee and provides research and development support service&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;OncoX BioPharma, Inc. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Collaborating with the Company to develop and commercialize single-herb botanical drug for treatment of certain diseases (referring to Note 4, Collaborative Agreements)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top; "&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Rgene Corporation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Collaborating with the Company to develop and commercialize drugs (referring to Note 4, Collaborative Agreements)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/table&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt; &lt;td style="width: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(3)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Long-term investment mainly consists of the following:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/table&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 12pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;March&#160;31,&lt;br/&gt; 2025&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;December&#160;31,&lt;br/&gt; 2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Non-marketable Cost Method Investments, net&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 12pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 12pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 12pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 12pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 76%; text-align: left; padding-left: 9pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Braingenesis Biotechnology Co., Ltd.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;6,640&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;6,727&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 9pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Genepharm Biotech Corporation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;20,271&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;20,540&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 9pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;ForSeeCon
    Eye Corporation&lt;sup&gt;(d)&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-340"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-341"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; padding-left: 9pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;BioHopeKing Corporation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;752,880&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;762,983&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Subtotal&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;779,791&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;790,250&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Equity Method Investments, net&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 12pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 12pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 9pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;BioFirst
    Corporation&lt;sup&gt;(a)&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;1,420,800&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;1,468,504&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 9pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Rgene
    Corporation&lt;sup&gt;(b)&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;559,471&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-342"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 9pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;BioLite
    Japan K.K. (BioLite JP)&lt;sup&gt;(c)&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-343"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-344"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; padding-left: 9pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;OncoX
    BioPharma, Inc.&lt;sup&gt;(e)&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-345"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-346"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; padding-left: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Total&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2,760,062&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2,258,754&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;


&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt; &lt;td style="width: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(a)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;BioFirst Corporation (the &#x201c;BioFirst&#x201d;):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/table&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The Company holds an equity interest
in BioFirst Corporation, accounting for its equity interest using the equity method to accounts for its equity investment as prescribed
in ASC 323, Investments&#x2014;Equity Method and Joint Ventures (&#x201c;ASC 323&#x201d;). Equity method adjustments include the Company&#x2019;s
proportionate share of investee&#x2019;s income or loss and other adjustments required by the equity method. As of March 31, 2025 and
December 31, 2024, the Company owns 18.68% and 18.68% common stock shares of BioFirst, respectively. The Company made a prepayment for
equity investment in BioFirst to purchase additional shares to be issued by BioFirst in the aggregate amount of $2,688,578, recorded
as prepayment for long-term investments as of December 31, 2022. On July 19, 2023, the Company successfully completed the registration
process for this investment. The initial prepayment was $1,895,556, which is a portion of the prepayment as of December 31, 2022, and
was converted into 994,450 shares of BioFirst stock. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the amount of prepayment for long-term
investments in Biofirst is both $1,124,842.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt; &lt;td style="width: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(b)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Rgene Corporation (the &#x201c;Rgene&#x201d;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/table&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;As described in Note 4, the Company
acquired 26.65% of Rgene&#x2019;s outstanding common shares since 2018 through multiple collaborative agreements, and has been accounting
this equity investment with equity method as prescribed in ASC 323, Investments&#x2014;Equity Method and Joint Ventures (&#x201c;ASC 323&#x201d;).
Equity method adjustments include the Company&#x2019;s proportionate share of investee&#x2019;s income or loss and other adjustments required
by the equity method. Further, as disclosed in Note 10 Related Party Transactions, the Company entered a convertible loan agreement with
Rgene in 2022 and has been working with Rgene to obtain approval for the Company to exercise the conversion from Department of Investment
Review in Taiwan, a government agency reviews foreign investors conducting investment in Taiwan. In May 2024, the conversion request
for the conversion was approved but the Company was not informed by Rgene until April 2025. The Company determined that the impact to
the financial statements is immaterial and assumed the conversion was incurred on January 1, 2025. After the conversion, the Company
owns 37% of outstanding shares of Rgene.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(4)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Disposition of long-term
    investment&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;During the three-month periods
ended March 31, 2025and 2024, there is no disposition of long-term investment.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(5)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Loss on investment in
    equity securities&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The components of loss on investment in equity
securities for each period were as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Three Months Ended&lt;br/&gt; March 31,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2025&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 76%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Share of equity method investee losses&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(50,877&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-347"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt; &lt;td style="width: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(c)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;BioLite Japan K.K. (BioLite JP)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/table&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;In October 2021, the Company, Lucidaim
Co., Ltd., a Japanese corporation (&#x201c;Lucidaim,&#x201d; together with the Company, the &#x201c;Shareholders&#x201d;), and BioLite Japan
K.K., a Japanese corporation (&#x201c;BioLite JP&#x201d;) entered into a Joint Venture Agreement. BioLite JP is a private limited company
incorporated on December 18, 2018. The business of the joint venture is the research and development of drugs, medical device and digital
media, investment, fund running and consulting, distribution and marketing of supplements carried on by BioLite JP and its subsidiaries
in Japan, or any other territory or businesses. At the date of the Agreement, BioLite JP has 10,000 ordinary shares authorized, with
3,049 ordinary shares issued and outstanding (the &#x201c;Ordinary Shares&#x201d;). Pursuant to the Agreement and the related share transfer
agreement, Lucidaim shall own 1,555 Ordinary Shares (51%) and the Company shall own 1,494 Ordinary Shares (49%). The Company paid $150,000
towards the setup of the joint venture; BioLite Japan&#x2019;s other shareholder also paid $150,000 after the Letter of Intent was signed.
This prepayment is booked in prepayment for investment. As of December 31, 2024, the Company evaluated the investee&#x2019;s business
and financial conditions and determined to fully impair such prepayment.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt; &lt;td style="width: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(d)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;ForSeeCon Eye Corporation (FEYE)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/table&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;FEYE is a private company registered
in the British Virgin Islands, focusing on the field of diagnosis and treatment of eye disorders, with its main product of Vitargus.
The Company granted FEYE certain licensed products in exchange of FEYE ownership. See Note 4 for detail of such transactions.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt; &lt;td style="width: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(e)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;OncoX BioPharma, Inc. (OncoX)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/table&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;OncoX is a private company registered
in the British Virgin Islands, focusing on oncology trials and drug development across Asia-Pacific. The Company granted OncoX certain
licensed products in exchange of OncoX&#x2019;s ownership. See Note 4 for detail of such transactions.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:InvestmentTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:ScheduleOfOtherOwnershipInterestsTextBlock contextRef="c0" id="ixv-38331">&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The ownership percentages of each investee are listed as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Ownership percentage&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;March&#160;31,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;December&#160;31,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Accounting&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Name of investees&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2025&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2024&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;treatments&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt; &lt;td style="width: 55%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Braingenesis Biotechnology Co., Ltd.*&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;0.17&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;0.17&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="width: 20%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Cost Method&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Genepharm Biotech Corporation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;0.67&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;0.67&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Cost Method&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;BioHopeKing Corporation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;5.90&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;5.90&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Cost Method&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;ForSeeCon Eye Corporation (see Note 10)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;19.78&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;19.78&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Cost Method&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;BioFirst Corporation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;18.68&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;18.68&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Equity&#160;Method&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;OncoX BioPharma, Inc. (see Note 10)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;24.97&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;24.97&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Equity Method&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Rgene Corporation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;37.00&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;26.65&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Equity Method&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;BioLite Japan K.K.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;49.00&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;49.00&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Equity Method&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/table&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt; &lt;td style="width: 0%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="width: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;*&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;This company was acquired by Canal Biotech Corporation Inc. Our stock is in the process of replacement with the stock of the acquired company and the ownership percentage is subject to change.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/table&gt;</us-gaap:ScheduleOfOtherOwnershipInterestsTextBlock>
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    <us-gaap:EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage
      contextRef="c476"
      decimals="4"
      id="ixv-46964"
      unitRef="pure">0.37</us-gaap:EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage>
    <us-gaap:EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage
      contextRef="c140"
      decimals="4"
      id="ixv-46965"
      unitRef="pure">0.2665</us-gaap:EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage>
    <us-gaap:EquityMethodInvestmentAdditionalInformation contextRef="c514" id="ixv-38562">Equity Method</us-gaap:EquityMethodInvestmentAdditionalInformation>
    <us-gaap:EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage
      contextRef="c515"
      decimals="4"
      id="ixv-46966"
      unitRef="pure">0.49</us-gaap:EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage>
    <us-gaap:EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage
      contextRef="c184"
      decimals="4"
      id="ixv-46967"
      unitRef="pure">0.49</us-gaap:EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage>
    <us-gaap:EquityMethodInvestmentAdditionalInformation contextRef="c516" id="ixv-38586">Equity Method</us-gaap:EquityMethodInvestmentAdditionalInformation>
    <abvc:ScheduleOfExtentTheInvesteeReliesTableTextBlock contextRef="c0" id="ixv-38606">&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The extent the investee relies on the company for its business is summarized as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; width: 30%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Name of investees&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; width: 69%; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;The extent the investee relies on the Company for its business &#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Braingenesis Biotechnology Co., Ltd.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;No specific business relationship&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top; "&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Genepharm Biotech Corporation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;No specific business relationship&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;BioHopeKing Corporation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Collaborating with the Company to develop and commercialize drugs (referring to Note 4, Collaborative Agreements)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top; "&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;BioLite Japan K.K.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The Company&#x2019;s joint venture noncontrolling subsidiary perform research and development activities and explore business opportunities in Japan &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;ForSeeCon Eye Corporation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Collaborating with the Company to develop and commercialize ophthalmic medical devices (referring to Note 4, Collaborative Agreements)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top; "&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;BioFirst Corporation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Loaned from the investee and provides research and development support service&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;OncoX BioPharma, Inc. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Collaborating with the Company to develop and commercialize single-herb botanical drug for treatment of certain diseases (referring to Note 4, Collaborative Agreements)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top; "&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Rgene Corporation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Collaborating with the Company to develop and commercialize drugs (referring to Note 4, Collaborative Agreements)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/table&gt;</abvc:ScheduleOfExtentTheInvesteeReliesTableTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:RelatedPartyTransactionDescriptionOfTransaction contextRef="c517" id="ixv-38627">No specific business relationship</us-gaap:RelatedPartyTransactionDescriptionOfTransaction>
    <us-gaap:RelatedPartyTransactionDescriptionOfTransaction contextRef="c518" id="ixv-38635">No specific business relationship</us-gaap:RelatedPartyTransactionDescriptionOfTransaction>
    <us-gaap:RelatedPartyTransactionDescriptionOfTransaction contextRef="c519" id="ixv-38643">Collaborating with the Company to develop and commercialize drugs (referring to Note 4, Collaborative Agreements)</us-gaap:RelatedPartyTransactionDescriptionOfTransaction>
    <us-gaap:RelatedPartyTransactionDescriptionOfTransaction contextRef="c520" id="ixv-46968">The Company&#x2019;s joint venture noncontrolling subsidiary perform research and development activities and explore business opportunities in Japan</us-gaap:RelatedPartyTransactionDescriptionOfTransaction>
    <us-gaap:RelatedPartyTransactionDescriptionOfTransaction contextRef="c521" id="ixv-38658">Collaborating with the Company to develop and commercialize ophthalmic medical devices (referring to Note 4, Collaborative Agreements)</us-gaap:RelatedPartyTransactionDescriptionOfTransaction>
    <us-gaap:RelatedPartyTransactionDescriptionOfTransaction contextRef="c522" id="ixv-38666">Loaned from the investee and provides research and development support service</us-gaap:RelatedPartyTransactionDescriptionOfTransaction>
    <us-gaap:RelatedPartyTransactionDescriptionOfTransaction contextRef="c523" id="ixv-38674">Collaborating with the Company to develop and commercialize single-herb botanical drug for treatment of certain diseases (referring to Note 4, Collaborative Agreements)</us-gaap:RelatedPartyTransactionDescriptionOfTransaction>
    <us-gaap:RelatedPartyTransactionDescriptionOfTransaction contextRef="c524" id="ixv-38682">Collaborating with the Company to develop and commercialize drugs (referring to Note 4, Collaborative Agreements)</us-gaap:RelatedPartyTransactionDescriptionOfTransaction>
    <us-gaap:InvestmentTableTextBlock contextRef="c0" id="ixv-38705">&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Long-term investment mainly consists of the following:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 12pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;March&#160;31,&lt;br/&gt; 2025&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;December&#160;31,&lt;br/&gt; 2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Non-marketable Cost Method Investments, net&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 12pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 12pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 12pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 12pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 76%; text-align: left; padding-left: 9pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Braingenesis Biotechnology Co., Ltd.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;6,640&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;6,727&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 9pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Genepharm Biotech Corporation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;20,271&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;20,540&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 9pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;ForSeeCon
    Eye Corporation&lt;sup&gt;(d)&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-340"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-341"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; padding-left: 9pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;BioHopeKing Corporation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;752,880&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;762,983&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Subtotal&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;779,791&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;790,250&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Equity Method Investments, net&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 12pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 12pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 9pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;BioFirst
    Corporation&lt;sup&gt;(a)&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;1,420,800&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;1,468,504&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 9pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Rgene
    Corporation&lt;sup&gt;(b)&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;559,471&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-342"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 9pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;BioLite
    Japan K.K. (BioLite JP)&lt;sup&gt;(c)&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-343"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-344"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; padding-left: 9pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;OncoX
    BioPharma, Inc.&lt;sup&gt;(e)&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-345"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-346"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; padding-left: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Total&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2,760,062&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2,258,754&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;


&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt; &lt;td style="width: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(a)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;BioFirst Corporation (the &#x201c;BioFirst&#x201d;):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/table&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The Company holds an equity interest
in BioFirst Corporation, accounting for its equity interest using the equity method to accounts for its equity investment as prescribed
in ASC 323, Investments&#x2014;Equity Method and Joint Ventures (&#x201c;ASC 323&#x201d;). Equity method adjustments include the Company&#x2019;s
proportionate share of investee&#x2019;s income or loss and other adjustments required by the equity method. As of March 31, 2025 and
December 31, 2024, the Company owns 18.68% and 18.68% common stock shares of BioFirst, respectively. The Company made a prepayment for
equity investment in BioFirst to purchase additional shares to be issued by BioFirst in the aggregate amount of $2,688,578, recorded
as prepayment for long-term investments as of December 31, 2022. On July 19, 2023, the Company successfully completed the registration
process for this investment. The initial prepayment was $1,895,556, which is a portion of the prepayment as of December 31, 2022, and
was converted into 994,450 shares of BioFirst stock. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the amount of prepayment for long-term
investments in Biofirst is both $1,124,842.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt; &lt;td style="width: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(b)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Rgene Corporation (the &#x201c;Rgene&#x201d;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/table&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;As described in Note 4, the Company
acquired 26.65% of Rgene&#x2019;s outstanding common shares since 2018 through multiple collaborative agreements, and has been accounting
this equity investment with equity method as prescribed in ASC 323, Investments&#x2014;Equity Method and Joint Ventures (&#x201c;ASC 323&#x201d;).
Equity method adjustments include the Company&#x2019;s proportionate share of investee&#x2019;s income or loss and other adjustments required
by the equity method. Further, as disclosed in Note 10 Related Party Transactions, the Company entered a convertible loan agreement with
Rgene in 2022 and has been working with Rgene to obtain approval for the Company to exercise the conversion from Department of Investment
Review in Taiwan, a government agency reviews foreign investors conducting investment in Taiwan. In May 2024, the conversion request
for the conversion was approved but the Company was not informed by Rgene until April 2025. The Company determined that the impact to
the financial statements is immaterial and assumed the conversion was incurred on January 1, 2025. After the conversion, the Company
owns 37% of outstanding shares of Rgene.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt; &lt;td style="width: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(c)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;BioLite Japan K.K. (BioLite JP)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/table&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;In October 2021, the Company, Lucidaim
Co., Ltd., a Japanese corporation (&#x201c;Lucidaim,&#x201d; together with the Company, the &#x201c;Shareholders&#x201d;), and BioLite Japan
K.K., a Japanese corporation (&#x201c;BioLite JP&#x201d;) entered into a Joint Venture Agreement. BioLite JP is a private limited company
incorporated on December 18, 2018. The business of the joint venture is the research and development of drugs, medical device and digital
media, investment, fund running and consulting, distribution and marketing of supplements carried on by BioLite JP and its subsidiaries
in Japan, or any other territory or businesses. At the date of the Agreement, BioLite JP has 10,000 ordinary shares authorized, with
3,049 ordinary shares issued and outstanding (the &#x201c;Ordinary Shares&#x201d;). Pursuant to the Agreement and the related share transfer
agreement, Lucidaim shall own 1,555 Ordinary Shares (51%) and the Company shall own 1,494 Ordinary Shares (49%). The Company paid $150,000
towards the setup of the joint venture; BioLite Japan&#x2019;s other shareholder also paid $150,000 after the Letter of Intent was signed.
This prepayment is booked in prepayment for investment. As of December 31, 2024, the Company evaluated the investee&#x2019;s business
and financial conditions and determined to fully impair such prepayment.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt; &lt;td style="width: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(d)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;ForSeeCon Eye Corporation (FEYE)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/table&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;FEYE is a private company registered
in the British Virgin Islands, focusing on the field of diagnosis and treatment of eye disorders, with its main product of Vitargus.
The Company granted FEYE certain licensed products in exchange of FEYE ownership. See Note 4 for detail of such transactions.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt; &lt;td style="width: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(e)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;OncoX BioPharma, Inc. (OncoX)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/table&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;OncoX is a private company registered
in the British Virgin Islands, focusing on oncology trials and drug development across Asia-Pacific. The Company granted OncoX certain
licensed products in exchange of OncoX&#x2019;s ownership. See Note 4 for detail of such transactions.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:InvestmentTableTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesNoncurrent contextRef="c525" decimals="0" id="ixv-46969" unitRef="usd">6640</us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesNoncurrent>
    <us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesNoncurrent contextRef="c215" decimals="0" id="ixv-46970" unitRef="usd">6727</us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesNoncurrent>
    <us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesNoncurrent contextRef="c526" decimals="0" id="ixv-46971" unitRef="usd">20271</us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesNoncurrent>
    <us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesNoncurrent contextRef="c217" decimals="0" id="ixv-46972" unitRef="usd">20540</us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesNoncurrent>
    <us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesNoncurrent contextRef="c528" decimals="0" id="ixv-46973" unitRef="usd">752880</us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesNoncurrent>
    <us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesNoncurrent contextRef="c221" decimals="0" id="ixv-46974" unitRef="usd">762983</us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesNoncurrent>
    <us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesNoncurrent contextRef="c5" decimals="0" id="ixv-46975" unitRef="usd">779791</us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesNoncurrent>
    <us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesNoncurrent contextRef="c1" decimals="0" id="ixv-46976" unitRef="usd">790250</us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesNoncurrent>
    <us-gaap:LongTermInvestments
      contextRef="c529"
      decimals="0"
      id="ix_66_fact"
      unitRef="usd">1420800</us-gaap:LongTermInvestments>
    <us-gaap:LongTermInvestments
      contextRef="c223"
      decimals="0"
      id="ix_67_fact"
      unitRef="usd">1468504</us-gaap:LongTermInvestments>
    <us-gaap:LongTermInvestments
      contextRef="c530"
      decimals="0"
      id="ix_68_fact"
      unitRef="usd">559471</us-gaap:LongTermInvestments>
    <us-gaap:LongTermInvestments contextRef="c5" decimals="0" id="ixv-46980" unitRef="usd">2760062</us-gaap:LongTermInvestments>
    <us-gaap:LongTermInvestments contextRef="c1" decimals="0" id="ixv-46981" unitRef="usd">2258754</us-gaap:LongTermInvestments>
    <abvc:PercentageCommonStocksShares
      contextRef="c494"
      decimals="4"
      id="ixv-46982"
      unitRef="pure">0.1868</abvc:PercentageCommonStocksShares>
    <abvc:PercentageCommonStocksShares
      contextRef="c179"
      decimals="4"
      id="ixv-46983"
      unitRef="pure">0.1868</abvc:PercentageCommonStocksShares>
    <us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueAcquisitions contextRef="c181" decimals="0" id="ixv-46984" unitRef="usd">2688578</us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueAcquisitions>
    <us-gaap:PrepaymentFeesOnAdvancesNet contextRef="c181" decimals="0" id="ixv-46985" unitRef="usd">1895556</us-gaap:PrepaymentFeesOnAdvancesNet>
    <us-gaap:ConversionOfStockSharesConverted1
      contextRef="c0"
      decimals="0"
      id="ixv-46986"
      unitRef="shares">994450</us-gaap:ConversionOfStockSharesConverted1>
    <us-gaap:PrepaymentFeesOnAdvancesNet contextRef="c179" decimals="0" id="ixv-46987" unitRef="usd">1124842</us-gaap:PrepaymentFeesOnAdvancesNet>
    <abvc:PercentageCommonStocksShares
      contextRef="c495"
      decimals="4"
      id="ixv-46988"
      unitRef="pure">0.2665</abvc:PercentageCommonStocksShares>
    <abvc:PercentageCommonStocksShares
      contextRef="c496"
      decimals="2"
      id="ixv-46989"
      unitRef="pure">0.37</abvc:PercentageCommonStocksShares>
    <us-gaap:EquityMethodInvestmentsTextBlock contextRef="c0" id="ixv-39011">&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The components of loss on investment in equity
securities for each period were as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Three Months Ended&lt;br/&gt; March 31,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2025&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 76%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Share of equity method investee losses&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(50,877&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-347"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;</us-gaap:EquityMethodInvestmentsTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:EquityMethodInvestments contextRef="c5" decimals="0" id="ixv-46990" unitRef="usd">-50877</us-gaap:EquityMethodInvestments>
    <us-gaap:CommonStockSharesAuthorized
      contextRef="c497"
      decimals="0"
      id="ixv-46991"
      unitRef="shares">10000</us-gaap:CommonStockSharesAuthorized>
    <us-gaap:CommonStockSharesIssued
      contextRef="c498"
      decimals="0"
      id="ixv-46992"
      unitRef="shares">3049</us-gaap:CommonStockSharesIssued>
    <us-gaap:CommonStockSharesOutstanding
      contextRef="c498"
      decimals="0"
      id="ixv-46993"
      unitRef="shares">3049</us-gaap:CommonStockSharesOutstanding>
    <us-gaap:InvestmentOwnedBalanceShares
      contextRef="c499"
      decimals="0"
      id="ixv-46994"
      unitRef="shares">1555</us-gaap:InvestmentOwnedBalanceShares>
    <abvc:PercentageCommonStocksShares
      contextRef="c500"
      decimals="2"
      id="ixv-46995"
      unitRef="pure">0.51</abvc:PercentageCommonStocksShares>
    <us-gaap:InvestmentOwnedBalanceShares
      contextRef="c501"
      decimals="0"
      id="ixv-46996"
      unitRef="shares">1494</us-gaap:InvestmentOwnedBalanceShares>
    <abvc:PercentageCommonStocksShares
      contextRef="c502"
      decimals="2"
      id="ixv-46997"
      unitRef="pure">0.49</abvc:PercentageCommonStocksShares>
    <us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquireInterestInJointVenture contextRef="c500" decimals="0" id="ixv-46998" unitRef="usd">150000</us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquireInterestInJointVenture>
    <us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquireInterestInJointVenture contextRef="c502" decimals="0" id="ixv-46999" unitRef="usd">150000</us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquireInterestInJointVenture>
    <us-gaap:DebtDisclosureTextBlock contextRef="c0" id="ixv-39119">&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;7. CONVERTIBLE NOTES PAYABLE&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline"&gt;Lind Notes Payable&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;On February 23, 2023, the Company entered
into a securities purchase agreement with Lind Global Fund II, LP (&#x201c;Lind&#x201d;), pursuant to which the Company issued Lind a secured,
convertible note in the principal amount of $3,704,167, for a purchase price of $3,175,000 (the &#x201c;Lind Note&#x201d;), that is convertible
into shares of the Company&#x2019;s common stock at an initial conversion price of $10.5 per share, subject to adjustment. The Company
also issued Lind a common stock purchase warrant (the &#x201c;Lind Warrant&#x201d;) to purchase up to 529,167 shares (post-split) of the
Company&#x2019;s common stock at an initial exercise price of $10.5 per share for a period of 5 years, subject to adjustment that immediately
upon such issuance or sale, the Exercise Price in effect immediately prior to such issuance or sale shall be reduced (and in no event
increased) to an Exercise Price equal to the consideration per share paid for such Additional Shares of Common Stock. The warrants were
valued using the Black-Scholes model. The fair value of the warrants was determined to be $1,225,543, which was recorded to debt discount.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Beginning with the date that is six months
from the issuance date of the Lind Note and on each one (1) month anniversary thereafter, the Company shall pay Lind an amount equal
to $308,651, until the outstanding principal amount of the Lind Note has been paid in full prior to or on the Maturity Date or, if earlier,
upon acceleration, conversion or redemption of the Lind Note in accordance with the terms thereof (the &#x201c;Monthly Payments&#x201d;).
At the Company&#x2019;s discretion, the Monthly Payments shall be made in (i) cash, (ii) shares of the Company&#x2019;s common stock, or
(iii) a combination of cash and Shares; if made in shares, the number of shares shall be determined by dividing (x) the principal amount
being paid in shares by (y) 90% of the average of the 5 lowest daily VWAPs during the 20 trading days prior to the applicable payment
date. The Lind Notes sets forth certain conditions that must be satisfied before the Company may make any Monthly Payments in shares
of common stock. If the Company makes a Monthly Payment in cash, the Company must also pay Lind a cash premium of 5% of such Monthly
Payment.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Upon the occurrence of any Event of Default
(as defined in the Lind Note), the Company must pay Lind an amount equal to 120%&#160;of the then outstanding principal amount of the
Lind Note (the &#x201c;Mandatory Default Amount&#x201d;), in addition to any other remedies under the Note or the other Transaction Documents.
The Company and Lind entered into a letter agreement on September 12, 2023, pursuant to which the Mandatory Default Amount was reduced
to 115% of the then outstanding principal amount of the Lind Note; pursuant to the letter agreement, Lind also agreed to waive any default
associated with the Company&#x2019;s market capitalization being below $12.5 million for 10 consecutive days through February 23, 2024,
but retained its right to convert its Note. In addition, if the Company is unable to increase its market capitalization and is unable
to obtain a further waiver or amendment to the Lind Note, then the Company could experience an event of default under the Lind Note,
which could have a material adverse effect on the Company&#x2019;s liquidity, financial condition, and results of operations. The Company
cannot make any assurances regarding the likelihood, certainty, or exact timing of the Company&#x2019;s ability to increase its market
capitalization, as such metric is not within the immediate control of the Company and depends on a variety of factors outside the Company&#x2019;s
control. &#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The Lind Warrant may be exercised via cashless
exercise.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The warrant exercise price was reset to $3.5
in accordance to the issuance of common stock in relation to securities purchase agreement on July 2023.&#160;On May 22, 2024, the exercise
price of these warrants was reset to $0.75 along with the immediate exercise of existing warrants and issuance of the New Warrants. As
of March 31, 2025, these Lind Warrants associated with the first Lind Note were fully exercised.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;On November 17, 2023, the Company entered
another securities purchase agreement with Lind, pursuant to which the Company issued Lind a secured, convertible note (the &#x201c;2&lt;sup&gt;nd&lt;/sup&gt;
Lind Note&#x201d;) in the principal amount of $1,200,000, for a purchase price of $1,000,000, that is convertible into shares of the Company&#x2019;s
common stock at a conversion price, which shall be the lesser of (i) $3.50 and (ii) 90% of the average of the three lowest VWAPs during
the 20 trading days prior to conversion. The 2&lt;sup&gt;nd&lt;/sup&gt; Lind Note shall be due and payable on May 19, 2025, and bears no interest.
The Company may prepay all, but not less than all, outstanding principal amount prior to maturity, and Lind shall have the right to convert
up to one third of the principal amount when the Company prepays. Upon the occurrence of any Event of Default (as defined in the 2&lt;sup&gt;nd&lt;/sup&gt;
Lind Note), the Company must pay Lind an amount equal to 120% of the then outstanding principal amount of the Lind Note, in addition
to any other remedies under the Note or the other transaction documents. Lind also received a 5-year common stock purchase warrant to
purchase up to 1,000,000 shares of the Company&#x2019;s common stock at an initial exercise price of $2 per share for a period of 5 years.
The warrants were valued using the Black-Scholes model. The fair value of the warrants was determined to be $480,795, which was recorded
to debt discount. An amendment was filed with the SEC on February 29, 2024 to disclose that due to Nasdaq requirements, the parties entered
into an amendment to the Note, pursuant to which the conversion price shall have a floor price of $1.00. Additionally, the amendment
requires the Company to make a cash payment to Lind if in connection with a conversion, the conversion price is deemed to be the floor
price. During the year ended December 31, 2024, Lind converted $800,000 of 2&lt;sup&gt;nd&lt;/sup&gt; Lind Note principal amounts into the Company&#x2019;s
common stocks. Refer to the common stock issuance details in Note 12, Equity. On March 3 and April 1, 2025, Lind converted the remaining
$400,000 principal balance ($200,000 for each conversion) into the Company&#x2019;s common stocks.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;On January 17, 2024, the Company entered another
securities purchase agreement with Lind, pursuant to which the Company issued Lind a secured, convertible note (the &#x201c;3&lt;sup&gt;rd&lt;/sup&gt;
Lind Note&#x201d;) in the principal amount of $1,000,000, for a purchase price of $833,333, that is convertible into shares of the Company&#x2019;s
common stock at a conversion price, which shall be the lesser of (i) $3.50 and (ii) 90% of the average of the three lowest VWAPs during
the 20 trading days prior to conversion. The 3&lt;sup&gt;rd&lt;/sup&gt; Lind Note shall be due and payable on July 17, 2025 and bear no interest.
The Company may prepay all, but not less than all, outstanding principal amount prior to maturity, and Lind shall have the right to convert
up to one third of the principal amount when the Company prepays. Upon the occurrence of any Event of Default (as defined in the 3&lt;sup&gt;rd&lt;/sup&gt;
Lind Note), the Company must pay Lind an amount equal to 120% of the then outstanding principal amount of the Lind Note, in addition
to any other remedies under the Note or the other transaction documents Lind also received a 5-year, common stock purchase warrant to
purchase up to 1,000,000 shares of the Company&#x2019;s common stock at an initial exercise price of $2 per share. The warrants were valued
using the Black-Scholes model. The fair value of the warrants was determined to be $394,071, which was recorded to debt discount. An
amendment was filed with the SEC on February 29, 2024 to disclose that due to Nasdaq requirements, the parties entered into an amendment
to the Note, pursuant to which the conversion price shall have a floor price of $1.00. Additionally, the amendment requires the Company
to make a cash payment to Lind if in connection with a conversion, the conversion price is deemed to be the floor price. No conversion
or repayment to 3&lt;sup&gt;rd&lt;/sup&gt; Lind Note has occurred during the year ended December 31, 2024. On March 3 and April 1, 2025, Lind converted
$400,000 principal balance ($200,000 for each conversion) into the Company&#x2019;s common stock, leaving outstanding principal of $600,000.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;In connection with above three Lind Note offerings,
the Company and its subsidiaries: BioKey, BioLite, Biolite BVI, and American BriVision, jointly and severally guaranteed all of the obligations
of the Company in connection with the offering with certain collateral, as set forth in the related transaction documents.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;On May 22, 2024, November 19, 2024, and January
9, 2025, Lind exercised 1,000,000, 500,000, 1,029,167 of the existing warrants to purchase shares of Common Stock at a reduced exercise
price of $0.75, $0.42, and $0.40 per share, respectively. Refer to the details in Note 12, Equity.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Total interest expenses in connection with the above three Lind Notes were $209,372 and $172,884 for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline"&gt;Other Convertible Notes Payable&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;On November 1, 2024 and November 5, 2024,
the Company&#x2019;s subsidiary, AiBtl, issued two convertible notes payable, each with a principal amount of $30,000 to two separate
individuals, for total consideration of $60,000. Each note has a 1-year term and an implied annual discount rate of 6.89%. These convertible
notes bear a 0% interest rate and are convertible by the holders into the AiBtl&#x2019;s common stock at $5 per share at any time before
the maturity. AiBtl reserves the right to repurchase the note in full at any time before maturity.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The convertible notes payable is accounted
for in accordance with ASC 470-20, Debt with Conversion and Other Options. The Company evaluated the conversion feature and determined
that it qualifies for equity classification as it meets the &#x201c;fixed-for-fixed&#x201d; criteria. The proceeds from the issuance were
allocated to the present value of the liability component in aggregate for $56,132, and to debt discount for $3,868. The debt discount
is recorded in additional paid-in capital in the statement of change in equity.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The debt discount is being amortized over
the 1-year term using the effective interest method. During the three months ended March 31, 2025, the Company recognized $984 in interest
expense related to the amortization of the debt discount.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The carrying amounts of the liability component
are summarized as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in; white-space: nowrap; text-align: left; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;March 31, &lt;br/&gt; 2025&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;Issuance&lt;br/&gt; Entity&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;Issuance&lt;br/&gt; Date&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;Maturity&lt;br/&gt; Date&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;Principal&lt;br/&gt; Amount at&lt;br/&gt; Issuance&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;Stated&lt;br/&gt; Interest&lt;br/&gt; Rate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;Effective&lt;br/&gt; Interest&lt;br/&gt; Rate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;Conversion&lt;br/&gt; Price&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;Common&lt;br/&gt; Stock&lt;br/&gt; to&#160;be&lt;br/&gt; converted&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;Principal&lt;br/&gt; Amount at&lt;br/&gt; Balance&lt;br/&gt; Sheet Date&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;Unamortized&lt;br/&gt; Discount&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;Carrying&lt;br/&gt; Value&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;Fair&lt;br/&gt; Value&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt; &lt;td style="vertical-align: top; text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in; text-align: left; width: 10%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;2nd LIND Note&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center; width: 1%; vertical-align: top"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="vertical-align: top; width: 4%; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;ABVC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center; width: 1%; vertical-align: top"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top; width: 7%; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;November 17, 2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center; width: 1%; vertical-align: top"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top; width: 7%; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;May 19, 2025&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 5%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;1,200,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 5%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 5%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;86.94&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 5%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;1.00&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="vertical-align: top; width: 4%; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;ABVC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 5%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;200,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 5%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;26,110&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 5%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;173,890&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 5%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;240,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt; &lt;td style="vertical-align: top; text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;3rd LIND Note&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;ABVC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;January 17, 2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center; vertical-align: top"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;July 17, 2025&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;1,000,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;87.40&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;1.00&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;ABVC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;800,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;196,114&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;603,886&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;960,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt; &lt;td style="vertical-align: top; text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;Other Note&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;AiBtl&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;November 1, 2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center; vertical-align: top"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;November 1, 2025&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;30,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;6.89&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;5.00&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;AiBtl&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;30,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;1,119&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;28,881&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;30,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt; &lt;td style="vertical-align: top; text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;Other Note&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; vertical-align: top"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;AiBtl&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; vertical-align: top"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;November 5, 2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; vertical-align: top"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;November 5, 2025&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;30,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;6.89&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;5.00&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;AiBtl&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;30,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;1,118&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;28,882&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;30,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt; &lt;td style="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;2,260,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;1,060,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;224,460&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;835,539&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;1,260,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in; text-align: left; white-space: nowrap; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;December 31, &lt;br/&gt; 2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center; white-space: nowrap; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;Issuance&lt;br/&gt; Entity&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center; white-space: nowrap; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;Issuance&lt;br/&gt; Date&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center; white-space: nowrap; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;Maturity&lt;br/&gt; Date&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center; white-space: nowrap; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;Principal&lt;br/&gt; Amount at&lt;br/&gt; Issuance&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center; white-space: nowrap; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center; white-space: nowrap; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;Stated&lt;br/&gt; Interest&lt;br/&gt; Rate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center; white-space: nowrap; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center; white-space: nowrap; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;Effective&lt;br/&gt; Interest&lt;br/&gt; Rate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center; white-space: nowrap; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center; white-space: nowrap; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;Conversion&lt;br/&gt; Price&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center; white-space: nowrap; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center; white-space: nowrap; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;Common&lt;br/&gt; Stock&lt;br/&gt; to&#160;be&lt;br/&gt; converted&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center; white-space: nowrap; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;Principal&lt;br/&gt; Amount at&lt;br/&gt; Balance&lt;br/&gt; Sheet Date&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center; white-space: nowrap; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center; white-space: nowrap; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;Unamortized&lt;br/&gt; Discount&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center; white-space: nowrap; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center; white-space: nowrap; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;Carrying&lt;br/&gt; Value&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center; white-space: nowrap; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center; white-space: nowrap; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;Fair&lt;br/&gt; Value&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center; white-space: nowrap; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt; &lt;td style="vertical-align: top; text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in; text-align: left; width: 10%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;2nd LIND Note&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center; width: 1%; vertical-align: top"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="vertical-align: top; width: 4%; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;ABVC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center; width: 1%; vertical-align: top"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top; width: 7%; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;November 17, 2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center; width: 1%; vertical-align: top"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top; width: 7%; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;May 19, 2025&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 5%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;1,200,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 5%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 5%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;86.94&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 5%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;1.00&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="vertical-align: top; width: 4%; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;ABVC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 5%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;400,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 5%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;118,048&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 5%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;281,952&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 5%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;480,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt; &lt;td style="vertical-align: top; text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;3rd LIND Note&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;ABVC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;January 17, 2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center; vertical-align: top"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;July 17, 2025&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;1,000,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;87.40&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;1.00&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;ABVC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;1,000,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;388,685&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;611,315&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;1,200,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt; &lt;td style="vertical-align: top; text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;Other Note&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;AiBtl&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;November 1, 2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center; vertical-align: top"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;November 1, 2025&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;30,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;6.89&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;5.00&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;AiBtl&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;30,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;1,610&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;28,390&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;30,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt; &lt;td style="vertical-align: top; text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;Other Note&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; vertical-align: top"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;AiBtl&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; vertical-align: top"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;November 5, 2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; vertical-align: top"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;November 5, 2025&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;30,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;6.89&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;5.00&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;AiBtl&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;30,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;1,611&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;28,389&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;30,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt; &lt;td style="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;2,260,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;1,460,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;509,954&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;950,046&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;1,740,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/table&gt;</us-gaap:DebtDisclosureTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentConvertibleIfConvertedValueInExcessOfPrincipal contextRef="c239" decimals="0" id="ixv-47000" unitRef="usd">3704167</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentConvertibleIfConvertedValueInExcessOfPrincipal>
    <us-gaap:PaymentsForPreviousAcquisition contextRef="c239" decimals="0" id="ixv-47001" unitRef="usd">3175000</us-gaap:PaymentsForPreviousAcquisition>
    <us-gaap:CommonStockConvertibleConversionPriceIncrease
      contextRef="c239"
      decimals="1"
      id="ixv-47002"
      unitRef="usdPershares">10.5</us-gaap:CommonStockConvertibleConversionPriceIncrease>
    <us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesIssuedForServices
      contextRef="c239"
      decimals="0"
      id="ixv-47003"
      unitRef="shares">529167</us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesIssuedForServices>
    <us-gaap:ClassOfWarrantOrRightExercisePriceOfWarrantsOrRights1
      contextRef="c533"
      decimals="1"
      id="ixv-47004"
      unitRef="usdPershares">10.5</us-gaap:ClassOfWarrantOrRightExercisePriceOfWarrantsOrRights1>
    <us-gaap:FairValueAdjustmentOfWarrants contextRef="c241" decimals="0" id="ixv-47005" unitRef="usd">1225543</us-gaap:FairValueAdjustmentOfWarrants>
    <abvc:OutstandingBalanceAmount contextRef="c534" decimals="0" id="ixv-47006" unitRef="usd">308651</abvc:OutstandingBalanceAmount>
    <abvc:PercentageOfAverageAmount
      contextRef="c535"
      decimals="2"
      id="ixv-47007"
      unitRef="pure">0.90</abvc:PercentageOfAverageAmount>
    <abvc:TradingDays contextRef="c0" id="ixv-47008">P20D</abvc:TradingDays>
    <abvc:PercentageOfCashPermium contextRef="c0" decimals="2" id="ixv-47009" unitRef="pure">0.05</abvc:PercentageOfCashPermium>
    <abvc:PercentageOfOutstandingPrincipalAmount
      contextRef="c535"
      decimals="2"
      id="ixv-47010"
      unitRef="pure">1.20</abvc:PercentageOfOutstandingPrincipalAmount>
    <abvc:PercentageOfOutstandingPrincipalAmount
      contextRef="c244"
      decimals="2"
      id="ixv-47011"
      unitRef="pure">1.15</abvc:PercentageOfOutstandingPrincipalAmount>
    <us-gaap:GeneralPartnersCapitalAccount contextRef="c5" decimals="-5" id="ixv-47012" unitRef="usd">12500000</us-gaap:GeneralPartnersCapitalAccount>
    <abvc:ConsecutiveDays contextRef="c0" id="ixv-47013">P10D</abvc:ConsecutiveDays>
    <us-gaap:WarrantExercisePriceIncrease
      contextRef="c245"
      decimals="1"
      id="ixv-47014"
      unitRef="usdPershares">3.5</us-gaap:WarrantExercisePriceIncrease>
    <us-gaap:WarrantExercisePriceIncrease
      contextRef="c246"
      decimals="2"
      id="ixv-47015"
      unitRef="usdPershares">0.75</us-gaap:WarrantExercisePriceIncrease>
    <us-gaap:ReceivableWithImputedInterestFaceAmount contextRef="c247" decimals="0" id="ixv-47016" unitRef="usd">1200000</us-gaap:ReceivableWithImputedInterestFaceAmount>
    <us-gaap:PaymentsForPreviousAcquisition contextRef="c248" decimals="0" id="ixv-47017" unitRef="usd">1000000</us-gaap:PaymentsForPreviousAcquisition>
    <us-gaap:PreferredStockConvertibleConversionPrice
      contextRef="c249"
      decimals="2"
      id="ixv-47018"
      unitRef="usdPershares">3.5</us-gaap:PreferredStockConvertibleConversionPrice>
    <abvc:PercentageOfAverageAmount
      contextRef="c248"
      decimals="2"
      id="ixv-47019"
      unitRef="pure">0.90</abvc:PercentageOfAverageAmount>
    <abvc:TradingDays contextRef="c250" id="ixv-47020">P20Y</abvc:TradingDays>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentRedemptionPricePercentageOfPrincipalAmountRedeemed
      contextRef="c250"
      decimals="2"
      id="ixv-47021"
      unitRef="pure">1.20</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentRedemptionPricePercentageOfPrincipalAmountRedeemed>
    <us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesIssuedForServices
      contextRef="c248"
      decimals="0"
      id="ixv-47022"
      unitRef="shares">1000000</us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesIssuedForServices>
    <us-gaap:DeferredCompensationArrangementWithIndividualExercisePrice
      contextRef="c248"
      decimals="0"
      id="ixv-47023"
      unitRef="usdPershares">2</us-gaap:DeferredCompensationArrangementWithIndividualExercisePrice>
    <abvc:PurchaseWarrantTerm contextRef="c251" id="ixv-47024">P5Y</abvc:PurchaseWarrantTerm>
    <us-gaap:FairValueAdjustmentOfWarrants contextRef="c252" decimals="0" id="ixv-47025" unitRef="usd">480795</us-gaap:FairValueAdjustmentOfWarrants>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentConvertibleConversionPrice1
      contextRef="c253"
      decimals="2"
      id="ixv-47026"
      unitRef="usdPershares">1</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentConvertibleConversionPrice1>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentConvertibleIfConvertedValueInExcessOfPrincipal contextRef="c254" decimals="0" id="ixv-47027" unitRef="usd">800000</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentConvertibleIfConvertedValueInExcessOfPrincipal>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentConvertibleIfConvertedValueInExcessOfPrincipal contextRef="c536" decimals="0" id="ixv-47028" unitRef="usd">400000</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentConvertibleIfConvertedValueInExcessOfPrincipal>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentConvertibleIfConvertedValueInExcessOfPrincipal contextRef="c537" decimals="0" id="ixv-47029" unitRef="usd">200000</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentConvertibleIfConvertedValueInExcessOfPrincipal>
    <us-gaap:ReceivableWithImputedInterestFaceAmount contextRef="c256" decimals="0" id="ixv-47030" unitRef="usd">1000000</us-gaap:ReceivableWithImputedInterestFaceAmount>
    <abvc:PurchasePriceAmount contextRef="c256" decimals="0" id="ixv-47031" unitRef="usd">833333</abvc:PurchasePriceAmount>
    <us-gaap:CommonStockConvertibleConversionPriceIncrease
      contextRef="c257"
      decimals="2"
      id="ixv-47032"
      unitRef="usdPershares">3.5</us-gaap:CommonStockConvertibleConversionPriceIncrease>
    <abvc:PercentageOfAverageAmount
      contextRef="c257"
      decimals="2"
      id="ixv-47033"
      unitRef="pure">0.90</abvc:PercentageOfAverageAmount>
    <abvc:TradingDays contextRef="c257" id="ixv-47034">P20D</abvc:TradingDays>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentRedemptionPricePercentageOfPrincipalAmountRedeemed
      contextRef="c257"
      decimals="2"
      id="ixv-47035"
      unitRef="pure">1.20</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentRedemptionPricePercentageOfPrincipalAmountRedeemed>
    <abvc:PurchaseWarrantTerm contextRef="c258" id="ixv-47036">P5Y</abvc:PurchaseWarrantTerm>
    <us-gaap:ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfSecuritiesCalledByWarrantsOrRights
      contextRef="c256"
      decimals="0"
      id="ixv-47037"
      unitRef="shares">1000000</us-gaap:ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfSecuritiesCalledByWarrantsOrRights>
    <us-gaap:WarrantExercisePriceIncrease
      contextRef="c258"
      decimals="0"
      id="ixv-47038"
      unitRef="usdPershares">2</us-gaap:WarrantExercisePriceIncrease>
    <us-gaap:FairValueAdjustmentOfWarrants contextRef="c259" decimals="0" id="ixv-47039" unitRef="usd">394071</us-gaap:FairValueAdjustmentOfWarrants>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentConvertibleConversionPrice1
      contextRef="c260"
      decimals="2"
      id="ixv-47040"
      unitRef="usdPershares">1</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentConvertibleConversionPrice1>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentConvertibleIfConvertedValueInExcessOfPrincipal contextRef="c536" decimals="0" id="ixv-47041" unitRef="usd">400000</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentConvertibleIfConvertedValueInExcessOfPrincipal>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentConvertibleIfConvertedValueInExcessOfPrincipal contextRef="c537" decimals="0" id="ixv-47042" unitRef="usd">200000</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentConvertibleIfConvertedValueInExcessOfPrincipal>
    <abvc:DebtInstrumentOutstandingPrincipal contextRef="c255" decimals="0" id="ixv-47043" unitRef="usd">600000</abvc:DebtInstrumentOutstandingPrincipal>
    <us-gaap:DebtConversionConvertedInstrumentWarrantsOrOptionsIssued1
      contextRef="c261"
      decimals="0"
      id="ixv-47044"
      unitRef="shares">1000000</us-gaap:DebtConversionConvertedInstrumentWarrantsOrOptionsIssued1>
    <us-gaap:DebtConversionConvertedInstrumentWarrantsOrOptionsIssued1
      contextRef="c262"
      decimals="0"
      id="ixv-47045"
      unitRef="shares">500000</us-gaap:DebtConversionConvertedInstrumentWarrantsOrOptionsIssued1>
    <us-gaap:DebtConversionConvertedInstrumentWarrantsOrOptionsIssued1
      contextRef="c538"
      decimals="0"
      id="ixv-47046"
      unitRef="shares">1029167</us-gaap:DebtConversionConvertedInstrumentWarrantsOrOptionsIssued1>
    <us-gaap:WarrantExercisePriceDecrease
      contextRef="c246"
      decimals="2"
      id="ixv-47047"
      unitRef="usdPershares">0.75</us-gaap:WarrantExercisePriceDecrease>
    <us-gaap:WarrantExercisePriceDecrease
      contextRef="c539"
      decimals="2"
      id="ixv-47048"
      unitRef="usdPershares">0.42</us-gaap:WarrantExercisePriceDecrease>
    <us-gaap:WarrantExercisePriceDecrease
      contextRef="c540"
      decimals="2"
      id="ixv-47049"
      unitRef="usdPershares">0.4</us-gaap:WarrantExercisePriceDecrease>
    <us-gaap:InterestExpenseOther contextRef="c541" decimals="0" id="ixv-47050" unitRef="usd">209372</us-gaap:InterestExpenseOther>
    <us-gaap:InterestExpenseOther contextRef="c542" decimals="0" id="ixv-47051" unitRef="usd">172884</us-gaap:InterestExpenseOther>
    <us-gaap:ConvertibleNotesPayable contextRef="c543" decimals="0" id="ixv-47052" unitRef="usd">30000</us-gaap:ConvertibleNotesPayable>
    <abvc:ConsiderationAmount contextRef="c266" decimals="0" id="ixv-47053" unitRef="usd">60000</abvc:ConsiderationAmount>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentTerm contextRef="c544" id="ixv-47054">P1Y</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentTerm>
    <abvc:PercentageOfAnnualDiscountRate
      contextRef="c545"
      decimals="4"
      id="ixv-47055"
      unitRef="pure">0.0689</abvc:PercentageOfAnnualDiscountRate>
    <us-gaap:ShortTermDebtPercentageBearingFixedInterestRate
      contextRef="c546"
      decimals="2"
      id="ixv-47056"
      unitRef="pure">0</us-gaap:ShortTermDebtPercentageBearingFixedInterestRate>
    <us-gaap:CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare
      contextRef="c547"
      decimals="0"
      id="ixv-47057"
      unitRef="usdPershares">5</us-gaap:CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare>
    <us-gaap:ProceedsFromIssuanceOfDebt contextRef="c0" decimals="0" id="ixv-47058" unitRef="usd">56132</us-gaap:ProceedsFromIssuanceOfDebt>
    <us-gaap:AmortizationOfDebtDiscountPremium contextRef="c548" decimals="0" id="ixv-47059" unitRef="usd">3868</us-gaap:AmortizationOfDebtDiscountPremium>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentTerm contextRef="c549" id="ixv-47060">P1Y</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentTerm>
    <us-gaap:InterestExpenseDebt contextRef="c548" decimals="0" id="ixv-47061" unitRef="usd">984</us-gaap:InterestExpenseDebt>
    <us-gaap:ConvertibleDebtTableTextBlock contextRef="c0" id="ixv-39222">&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The carrying amounts of the liability component
are summarized as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in; white-space: nowrap; text-align: left; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;March 31, &lt;br/&gt; 2025&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;Issuance&lt;br/&gt; Entity&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;Issuance&lt;br/&gt; Date&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;Maturity&lt;br/&gt; Date&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;Principal&lt;br/&gt; Amount at&lt;br/&gt; Issuance&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;Stated&lt;br/&gt; Interest&lt;br/&gt; Rate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;Effective&lt;br/&gt; Interest&lt;br/&gt; Rate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;Conversion&lt;br/&gt; Price&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;Common&lt;br/&gt; Stock&lt;br/&gt; to&#160;be&lt;br/&gt; converted&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;Principal&lt;br/&gt; Amount at&lt;br/&gt; Balance&lt;br/&gt; Sheet Date&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;Unamortized&lt;br/&gt; Discount&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;Carrying&lt;br/&gt; Value&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;Fair&lt;br/&gt; Value&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt; &lt;td style="vertical-align: top; text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in; text-align: left; width: 10%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;2nd LIND Note&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center; width: 1%; vertical-align: top"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="vertical-align: top; width: 4%; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;ABVC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center; width: 1%; vertical-align: top"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top; width: 7%; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;November 17, 2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center; width: 1%; vertical-align: top"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top; width: 7%; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;May 19, 2025&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 5%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;1,200,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 5%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 5%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;86.94&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 5%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;1.00&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="vertical-align: top; width: 4%; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;ABVC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 5%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;200,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 5%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;26,110&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 5%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;173,890&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 5%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;240,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt; &lt;td style="vertical-align: top; text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;3rd LIND Note&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;ABVC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;January 17, 2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center; vertical-align: top"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;July 17, 2025&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;1,000,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;87.40&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;1.00&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;ABVC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;800,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;196,114&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;603,886&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;960,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt; &lt;td style="vertical-align: top; text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;Other Note&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;AiBtl&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;November 1, 2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center; vertical-align: top"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;November 1, 2025&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;30,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;6.89&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;5.00&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;AiBtl&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;30,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;1,119&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;28,881&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;30,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt; &lt;td style="vertical-align: top; text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;Other Note&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; vertical-align: top"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;AiBtl&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; vertical-align: top"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;November 5, 2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; vertical-align: top"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;November 5, 2025&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;30,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;6.89&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;5.00&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;AiBtl&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;30,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;1,118&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;28,882&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;30,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt; &lt;td style="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;2,260,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;1,060,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;224,460&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;835,539&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;1,260,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in; text-align: left; white-space: nowrap; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;December 31, &lt;br/&gt; 2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center; white-space: nowrap; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;Issuance&lt;br/&gt; Entity&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center; white-space: nowrap; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;Issuance&lt;br/&gt; Date&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center; white-space: nowrap; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;Maturity&lt;br/&gt; Date&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center; white-space: nowrap; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;Principal&lt;br/&gt; Amount at&lt;br/&gt; Issuance&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center; white-space: nowrap; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center; white-space: nowrap; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;Stated&lt;br/&gt; Interest&lt;br/&gt; Rate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center; white-space: nowrap; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center; white-space: nowrap; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;Effective&lt;br/&gt; Interest&lt;br/&gt; Rate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center; white-space: nowrap; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center; white-space: nowrap; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;Conversion&lt;br/&gt; Price&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center; white-space: nowrap; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center; white-space: nowrap; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;Common&lt;br/&gt; Stock&lt;br/&gt; to&#160;be&lt;br/&gt; converted&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center; white-space: nowrap; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;Principal&lt;br/&gt; Amount at&lt;br/&gt; Balance&lt;br/&gt; Sheet Date&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center; white-space: nowrap; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center; white-space: nowrap; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;Unamortized&lt;br/&gt; Discount&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center; white-space: nowrap; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center; white-space: nowrap; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;Carrying&lt;br/&gt; Value&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center; white-space: nowrap; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center; white-space: nowrap; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;Fair&lt;br/&gt; Value&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center; white-space: nowrap; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt; &lt;td style="vertical-align: top; text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in; text-align: left; width: 10%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;2nd LIND Note&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center; width: 1%; vertical-align: top"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="vertical-align: top; width: 4%; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;ABVC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center; width: 1%; vertical-align: top"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top; width: 7%; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;November 17, 2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center; width: 1%; vertical-align: top"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top; width: 7%; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;May 19, 2025&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 5%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;1,200,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 5%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 5%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;86.94&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 5%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;1.00&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="vertical-align: top; width: 4%; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;ABVC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 5%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;400,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 5%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;118,048&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 5%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;281,952&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 5%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;480,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt; &lt;td style="vertical-align: top; text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;3rd LIND Note&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;ABVC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;January 17, 2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center; vertical-align: top"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;July 17, 2025&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;1,000,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;87.40&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;1.00&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;ABVC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;1,000,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;388,685&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;611,315&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;1,200,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt; &lt;td style="vertical-align: top; text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;Other Note&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;AiBtl&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;November 1, 2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center; vertical-align: top"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;November 1, 2025&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;30,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;6.89&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;5.00&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;AiBtl&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;30,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;1,610&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;28,390&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;30,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt; &lt;td style="vertical-align: top; text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;Other Note&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; vertical-align: top"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;AiBtl&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; vertical-align: top"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;November 5, 2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; vertical-align: top"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;November 5, 2025&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;30,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;6.89&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;5.00&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;AiBtl&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;30,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;1,611&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;28,389&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;30,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt; &lt;td style="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;2,260,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;1,460,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;509,954&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;950,046&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;1,740,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/table&gt;</us-gaap:ConvertibleDebtTableTextBlock>
    <abvc:DebtInstrumentIssuanceEntity contextRef="c550" id="ixv-39321">ABVC</abvc:DebtInstrumentIssuanceEntity>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentIssuanceDate1 contextRef="c550" id="ixv-39326">2023-11-17</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentIssuanceDate1>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentMaturityDate contextRef="c550" id="ixv-39331">2025-05-19</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentMaturityDate>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentIssuedPrincipal contextRef="c550" decimals="0" id="ixv-47062" unitRef="usd">1200000</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentIssuedPrincipal>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentInterestRateStatedPercentage
      contextRef="c551"
      decimals="2"
      id="ixv-47063"
      unitRef="pure">0</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentInterestRateStatedPercentage>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentInterestRateEffectivePercentage
      contextRef="c551"
      decimals="4"
      id="ixv-47064"
      unitRef="pure">0.8694</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentInterestRateEffectivePercentage>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentConvertibleConversionPrice1
      contextRef="c551"
      decimals="INF"
      id="ixv-47065"
      unitRef="usdPershares">1</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentConvertibleConversionPrice1>
    <abvc:DebtInstrumentCommonStockToBeConverted contextRef="c550" id="ixv-39368">ABVC</abvc:DebtInstrumentCommonStockToBeConverted>
    <abvc:DebtInstrumentPrincipalAmountAtBalanceSheetDate contextRef="c550" decimals="0" id="ixv-47066" unitRef="usd">200000</abvc:DebtInstrumentPrincipalAmountAtBalanceSheetDate>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentUnamortizedDiscount contextRef="c551" decimals="0" id="ixv-47067" unitRef="usd">26110</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentUnamortizedDiscount>
    <abvc:DebtInstrumentCarryingValue contextRef="c550" decimals="0" id="ixv-47068" unitRef="usd">173890</abvc:DebtInstrumentCarryingValue>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentFairValue contextRef="c551" decimals="0" id="ixv-47069" unitRef="usd">240000</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentFairValue>
    <abvc:DebtInstrumentIssuanceEntity contextRef="c552" id="ixv-39408">ABVC</abvc:DebtInstrumentIssuanceEntity>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentIssuanceDate1 contextRef="c552" id="ixv-39413">2024-01-17</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentIssuanceDate1>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentMaturityDate contextRef="c552" id="ixv-39418">2025-07-17</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentMaturityDate>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentIssuedPrincipal contextRef="c552" decimals="0" id="ixv-47070" unitRef="usd">1000000</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentIssuedPrincipal>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentInterestRateStatedPercentage
      contextRef="c553"
      decimals="2"
      id="ixv-47071"
      unitRef="pure">0</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentInterestRateStatedPercentage>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentInterestRateEffectivePercentage
      contextRef="c553"
      decimals="4"
      id="ixv-47072"
      unitRef="pure">0.874</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentInterestRateEffectivePercentage>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentConvertibleConversionPrice1
      contextRef="c553"
      decimals="INF"
      id="ixv-47073"
      unitRef="usdPershares">1</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentConvertibleConversionPrice1>
    <abvc:DebtInstrumentCommonStockToBeConverted contextRef="c552" id="ixv-39455">ABVC</abvc:DebtInstrumentCommonStockToBeConverted>
    <abvc:DebtInstrumentPrincipalAmountAtBalanceSheetDate contextRef="c552" decimals="0" id="ixv-47074" unitRef="usd">800000</abvc:DebtInstrumentPrincipalAmountAtBalanceSheetDate>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentUnamortizedDiscount contextRef="c553" decimals="0" id="ixv-47075" unitRef="usd">196114</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentUnamortizedDiscount>
    <abvc:DebtInstrumentCarryingValue contextRef="c552" decimals="0" id="ixv-47076" unitRef="usd">603886</abvc:DebtInstrumentCarryingValue>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentFairValue contextRef="c553" decimals="0" id="ixv-47077" unitRef="usd">960000</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentFairValue>
    <abvc:DebtInstrumentIssuanceEntity contextRef="c554" id="ixv-39495">AiBtl</abvc:DebtInstrumentIssuanceEntity>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentIssuanceDate1 contextRef="c554" id="ixv-39500">2024-11-01</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentIssuanceDate1>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentMaturityDate contextRef="c554" id="ixv-39505">2025-11-01</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentMaturityDate>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentIssuedPrincipal contextRef="c554" decimals="0" id="ixv-47078" unitRef="usd">30000</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentIssuedPrincipal>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentInterestRateStatedPercentage
      contextRef="c555"
      decimals="2"
      id="ixv-47079"
      unitRef="pure">0</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentInterestRateStatedPercentage>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentInterestRateEffectivePercentage
      contextRef="c555"
      decimals="4"
      id="ixv-47080"
      unitRef="pure">0.0689</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentInterestRateEffectivePercentage>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentConvertibleConversionPrice1
      contextRef="c555"
      decimals="INF"
      id="ixv-47081"
      unitRef="usdPershares">5</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentConvertibleConversionPrice1>
    <abvc:DebtInstrumentCommonStockToBeConverted contextRef="c554" id="ixv-39542">AiBtl</abvc:DebtInstrumentCommonStockToBeConverted>
    <abvc:DebtInstrumentPrincipalAmountAtBalanceSheetDate contextRef="c554" decimals="0" id="ixv-47082" unitRef="usd">30000</abvc:DebtInstrumentPrincipalAmountAtBalanceSheetDate>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentUnamortizedDiscount contextRef="c555" decimals="0" id="ixv-47083" unitRef="usd">1119</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentUnamortizedDiscount>
    <abvc:DebtInstrumentCarryingValue contextRef="c554" decimals="0" id="ixv-47084" unitRef="usd">28881</abvc:DebtInstrumentCarryingValue>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentFairValue contextRef="c555" decimals="0" id="ixv-47085" unitRef="usd">30000</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentFairValue>
    <abvc:DebtInstrumentIssuanceEntity contextRef="c556" id="ixv-39582">AiBtl</abvc:DebtInstrumentIssuanceEntity>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentIssuanceDate1 contextRef="c556" id="ixv-39587">2024-11-05</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentIssuanceDate1>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentMaturityDate contextRef="c556" id="ixv-39592">2025-11-05</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentMaturityDate>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentIssuedPrincipal contextRef="c556" decimals="0" id="ixv-47086" unitRef="usd">30000</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentIssuedPrincipal>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentInterestRateStatedPercentage
      contextRef="c557"
      decimals="2"
      id="ixv-47087"
      unitRef="pure">0</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentInterestRateStatedPercentage>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentInterestRateEffectivePercentage
      contextRef="c557"
      decimals="4"
      id="ixv-47088"
      unitRef="pure">0.0689</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentInterestRateEffectivePercentage>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentConvertibleConversionPrice1
      contextRef="c557"
      decimals="INF"
      id="ixv-47089"
      unitRef="usdPershares">5</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentConvertibleConversionPrice1>
    <abvc:DebtInstrumentCommonStockToBeConverted contextRef="c556" id="ixv-39629">AiBtl</abvc:DebtInstrumentCommonStockToBeConverted>
    <abvc:DebtInstrumentPrincipalAmountAtBalanceSheetDate contextRef="c556" decimals="0" id="ixv-47090" unitRef="usd">30000</abvc:DebtInstrumentPrincipalAmountAtBalanceSheetDate>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentUnamortizedDiscount contextRef="c557" decimals="0" id="ixv-47091" unitRef="usd">1118</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentUnamortizedDiscount>
    <abvc:DebtInstrumentCarryingValue contextRef="c556" decimals="0" id="ixv-47092" unitRef="usd">28882</abvc:DebtInstrumentCarryingValue>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentFairValue contextRef="c557" decimals="0" id="ixv-47093" unitRef="usd">30000</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentFairValue>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentIssuedPrincipal contextRef="c0" decimals="0" id="ixv-47094" unitRef="usd">2260000</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentIssuedPrincipal>
    <abvc:DebtInstrumentPrincipalAmountAtBalanceSheetDate contextRef="c0" decimals="0" id="ixv-47095" unitRef="usd">1060000</abvc:DebtInstrumentPrincipalAmountAtBalanceSheetDate>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentUnamortizedDiscount contextRef="c5" decimals="0" id="ixv-47096" unitRef="usd">224460</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentUnamortizedDiscount>
    <abvc:DebtInstrumentCarryingValue contextRef="c0" decimals="0" id="ixv-47097" unitRef="usd">835539</abvc:DebtInstrumentCarryingValue>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentFairValue contextRef="c5" decimals="0" id="ixv-47098" unitRef="usd">1260000</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentFairValue>
    <abvc:DebtInstrumentIssuanceEntity contextRef="c271" id="ixv-39842">ABVC</abvc:DebtInstrumentIssuanceEntity>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentIssuanceDate1 contextRef="c271" id="ixv-39847">2023-11-17</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentIssuanceDate1>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentMaturityDate contextRef="c271" id="ixv-39852">2025-05-19</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentMaturityDate>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentIssuedPrincipal contextRef="c271" decimals="0" id="ixv-47099" unitRef="usd">1200000</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentIssuedPrincipal>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentInterestRateStatedPercentage
      contextRef="c272"
      decimals="2"
      id="ixv-47100"
      unitRef="pure">0</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentInterestRateStatedPercentage>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentInterestRateEffectivePercentage
      contextRef="c272"
      decimals="4"
      id="ixv-47101"
      unitRef="pure">0.8694</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentInterestRateEffectivePercentage>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentConvertibleConversionPrice1
      contextRef="c272"
      decimals="INF"
      id="ixv-47102"
      unitRef="usdPershares">1</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentConvertibleConversionPrice1>
    <abvc:DebtInstrumentCommonStockToBeConverted contextRef="c271" id="ixv-39889">ABVC</abvc:DebtInstrumentCommonStockToBeConverted>
    <abvc:DebtInstrumentPrincipalAmountAtBalanceSheetDate contextRef="c271" decimals="0" id="ixv-47103" unitRef="usd">400000</abvc:DebtInstrumentPrincipalAmountAtBalanceSheetDate>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentUnamortizedDiscount contextRef="c272" decimals="0" id="ixv-47104" unitRef="usd">118048</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentUnamortizedDiscount>
    <abvc:DebtInstrumentCarryingValue contextRef="c271" decimals="0" id="ixv-47105" unitRef="usd">281952</abvc:DebtInstrumentCarryingValue>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentFairValue contextRef="c272" decimals="0" id="ixv-47106" unitRef="usd">480000</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentFairValue>
    <abvc:DebtInstrumentIssuanceEntity contextRef="c273" id="ixv-39929">ABVC</abvc:DebtInstrumentIssuanceEntity>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentIssuanceDate1 contextRef="c273" id="ixv-39934">2024-01-17</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentIssuanceDate1>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentMaturityDate contextRef="c273" id="ixv-39939">2025-07-17</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentMaturityDate>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentIssuedPrincipal contextRef="c273" decimals="0" id="ixv-47107" unitRef="usd">1000000</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentIssuedPrincipal>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentInterestRateStatedPercentage
      contextRef="c274"
      decimals="2"
      id="ixv-47108"
      unitRef="pure">0</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentInterestRateStatedPercentage>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentInterestRateEffectivePercentage
      contextRef="c274"
      decimals="4"
      id="ixv-47109"
      unitRef="pure">0.874</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentInterestRateEffectivePercentage>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentConvertibleConversionPrice1
      contextRef="c274"
      decimals="INF"
      id="ixv-47110"
      unitRef="usdPershares">1</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentConvertibleConversionPrice1>
    <abvc:DebtInstrumentCommonStockToBeConverted contextRef="c273" id="ixv-39976">ABVC</abvc:DebtInstrumentCommonStockToBeConverted>
    <abvc:DebtInstrumentPrincipalAmountAtBalanceSheetDate contextRef="c273" decimals="0" id="ixv-47111" unitRef="usd">1000000</abvc:DebtInstrumentPrincipalAmountAtBalanceSheetDate>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentUnamortizedDiscount contextRef="c274" decimals="0" id="ixv-47112" unitRef="usd">388685</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentUnamortizedDiscount>
    <abvc:DebtInstrumentCarryingValue contextRef="c273" decimals="0" id="ixv-47113" unitRef="usd">611315</abvc:DebtInstrumentCarryingValue>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentFairValue contextRef="c274" decimals="0" id="ixv-47114" unitRef="usd">1200000</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentFairValue>
    <abvc:DebtInstrumentIssuanceEntity contextRef="c275" id="ixv-40016">AiBtl</abvc:DebtInstrumentIssuanceEntity>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentIssuanceDate1 contextRef="c275" id="ixv-40021">2024-11-01</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentIssuanceDate1>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentMaturityDate contextRef="c275" id="ixv-40026">2025-11-01</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentMaturityDate>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentIssuedPrincipal contextRef="c275" decimals="0" id="ixv-47115" unitRef="usd">30000</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentIssuedPrincipal>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentInterestRateStatedPercentage
      contextRef="c276"
      decimals="2"
      id="ixv-47116"
      unitRef="pure">0</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentInterestRateStatedPercentage>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentInterestRateEffectivePercentage
      contextRef="c276"
      decimals="4"
      id="ixv-47117"
      unitRef="pure">0.0689</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentInterestRateEffectivePercentage>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentConvertibleConversionPrice1
      contextRef="c276"
      decimals="INF"
      id="ixv-47118"
      unitRef="usdPershares">5</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentConvertibleConversionPrice1>
    <abvc:DebtInstrumentCommonStockToBeConverted contextRef="c275" id="ixv-40063">AiBtl</abvc:DebtInstrumentCommonStockToBeConverted>
    <abvc:DebtInstrumentPrincipalAmountAtBalanceSheetDate contextRef="c275" decimals="0" id="ixv-47119" unitRef="usd">30000</abvc:DebtInstrumentPrincipalAmountAtBalanceSheetDate>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentUnamortizedDiscount contextRef="c276" decimals="0" id="ixv-47120" unitRef="usd">1610</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentUnamortizedDiscount>
    <abvc:DebtInstrumentCarryingValue contextRef="c275" decimals="0" id="ixv-47121" unitRef="usd">28390</abvc:DebtInstrumentCarryingValue>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentFairValue contextRef="c276" decimals="0" id="ixv-47122" unitRef="usd">30000</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentFairValue>
    <abvc:DebtInstrumentIssuanceEntity contextRef="c277" id="ixv-40103">AiBtl</abvc:DebtInstrumentIssuanceEntity>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentIssuanceDate1 contextRef="c277" id="ixv-40108">2024-11-05</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentIssuanceDate1>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentMaturityDate contextRef="c277" id="ixv-40113">2025-11-05</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentMaturityDate>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentIssuedPrincipal contextRef="c277" decimals="0" id="ixv-47123" unitRef="usd">30000</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentIssuedPrincipal>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentInterestRateStatedPercentage
      contextRef="c278"
      decimals="2"
      id="ixv-47124"
      unitRef="pure">0</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentInterestRateStatedPercentage>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentInterestRateEffectivePercentage
      contextRef="c278"
      decimals="4"
      id="ixv-47125"
      unitRef="pure">0.0689</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentInterestRateEffectivePercentage>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentConvertibleConversionPrice1
      contextRef="c278"
      decimals="INF"
      id="ixv-47126"
      unitRef="usdPershares">5</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentConvertibleConversionPrice1>
    <abvc:DebtInstrumentCommonStockToBeConverted contextRef="c277" id="ixv-40150">AiBtl</abvc:DebtInstrumentCommonStockToBeConverted>
    <abvc:DebtInstrumentPrincipalAmountAtBalanceSheetDate contextRef="c277" decimals="0" id="ixv-47127" unitRef="usd">30000</abvc:DebtInstrumentPrincipalAmountAtBalanceSheetDate>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentUnamortizedDiscount contextRef="c278" decimals="0" id="ixv-47128" unitRef="usd">1611</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentUnamortizedDiscount>
    <abvc:DebtInstrumentCarryingValue contextRef="c277" decimals="0" id="ixv-47129" unitRef="usd">28389</abvc:DebtInstrumentCarryingValue>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentFairValue contextRef="c278" decimals="0" id="ixv-47130" unitRef="usd">30000</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentFairValue>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentIssuedPrincipal contextRef="c7" decimals="0" id="ixv-47131" unitRef="usd">2260000</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentIssuedPrincipal>
    <abvc:DebtInstrumentPrincipalAmountAtBalanceSheetDate contextRef="c7" decimals="0" id="ixv-47132" unitRef="usd">1460000</abvc:DebtInstrumentPrincipalAmountAtBalanceSheetDate>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentUnamortizedDiscount contextRef="c1" decimals="0" id="ixv-47133" unitRef="usd">509954</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentUnamortizedDiscount>
    <abvc:DebtInstrumentCarryingValue contextRef="c7" decimals="0" id="ixv-47134" unitRef="usd">950046</abvc:DebtInstrumentCarryingValue>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentFairValue contextRef="c1" decimals="0" id="ixv-47135" unitRef="usd">1740000</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentFairValue>
    <us-gaap:AccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilitiesDisclosureTextBlock contextRef="c0" id="ixv-40284">&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;8. ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES&lt;/b&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Accrued expenses and other current liabilities
consisted of the following as of the periods indicated:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;March&#160;31,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;December&#160;31,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2025&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 76%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Accrued research and development expense&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;1,799,583&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;1,799,583&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Accrued directors and officers (owners) compensation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;991,821&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;1,025,867&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Cash portion of the Lind Note repayments&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;227,284&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;127,759&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Accrued compensation and employee benefits&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;140,252&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;126,106&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Others&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;617,879&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;557,866&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Total&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;3,826,819&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;3,509,422&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;</us-gaap:AccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilitiesDisclosureTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:ScheduleOfAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilitiesTableTextBlock contextRef="c0" id="ixv-40289">&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Accrued expenses and other current liabilities
consisted of the following as of the periods indicated:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;March&#160;31,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;December&#160;31,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2025&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 76%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Accrued research and development expense&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;1,799,583&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;1,799,583&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Accrued directors and officers (owners) compensation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;991,821&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;1,025,867&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Cash portion of the Lind Note repayments&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;227,284&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;127,759&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Accrued compensation and employee benefits&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;140,252&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;126,106&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Others&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;617,879&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;557,866&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Total&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;3,826,819&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;3,509,422&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;</us-gaap:ScheduleOfAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilitiesTableTextBlock>
    <abvc:AccruedResearchAndDevelopmentExpense contextRef="c5" decimals="0" id="ixv-47136" unitRef="usd">1799583</abvc:AccruedResearchAndDevelopmentExpense>
    <abvc:AccruedResearchAndDevelopmentExpense contextRef="c1" decimals="0" id="ixv-47137" unitRef="usd">1799583</abvc:AccruedResearchAndDevelopmentExpense>
    <us-gaap:AccruedSalariesCurrent contextRef="c5" decimals="0" id="ixv-47138" unitRef="usd">991821</us-gaap:AccruedSalariesCurrent>
    <us-gaap:AccruedSalariesCurrent contextRef="c1" decimals="0" id="ixv-47139" unitRef="usd">1025867</us-gaap:AccruedSalariesCurrent>
    <abvc:CashPortionOfTheLindNoteRepayments contextRef="c5" decimals="0" id="ixv-47140" unitRef="usd">227284</abvc:CashPortionOfTheLindNoteRepayments>
    <abvc:CashPortionOfTheLindNoteRepayments contextRef="c1" decimals="0" id="ixv-47141" unitRef="usd">127759</abvc:CashPortionOfTheLindNoteRepayments>
    <us-gaap:EmployeeRelatedLiabilitiesCurrent contextRef="c5" decimals="0" id="ixv-47142" unitRef="usd">140252</us-gaap:EmployeeRelatedLiabilitiesCurrent>
    <us-gaap:EmployeeRelatedLiabilitiesCurrent contextRef="c1" decimals="0" id="ixv-47143" unitRef="usd">126106</us-gaap:EmployeeRelatedLiabilitiesCurrent>
    <us-gaap:OtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent contextRef="c5" decimals="0" id="ixv-47144" unitRef="usd">617879</us-gaap:OtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent>
    <us-gaap:OtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent contextRef="c1" decimals="0" id="ixv-47145" unitRef="usd">557866</us-gaap:OtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent>
    <us-gaap:OtherAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilities contextRef="c5" decimals="0" id="ixv-47146" unitRef="usd">3826819</us-gaap:OtherAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilities>
    <us-gaap:OtherAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilities contextRef="c1" decimals="0" id="ixv-47147" unitRef="usd">3509422</us-gaap:OtherAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilities>
    <us-gaap:ShortTermDebtTextBlock contextRef="c0" id="ixv-40443">&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;9. SHORT-TERM LOANS&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt; &lt;td style="width: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(1)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Short-term loans consists of the following:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/table&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;March&#160;31,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;December&#160;31,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2025&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 76%; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Cathay United Bank&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;169,407&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;200,252&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;CTBC Bank&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;602,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;610,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: justify; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Other individual&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;30,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;30,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: justify; padding-bottom: 4pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Total&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;801,407&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;840,252&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline"&gt;Cathay United Bank&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;On June 28, 2016, BioLite Taiwan and Cathay
United Bank entered into a one-year bank loan agreement (the &#x201c;Cathay United Loan Agreement&#x201d;) in a credit limit amount of
NTD 7.5 million, equivalent to $228,750. The term started June 28, 2016 with maturity date at June 28, 2017. The loan balance bears interest
at a floating rate of prime rate plus 1.31%. The prime rate is based on the term deposit saving interest rate of Cathay United Bank.
The Company renews the agreement with the bank every year, and the next renewal date is September 6, 2025. As of March 31, 2025 and December
31, 2024, the effective interest rates per annum was 2.99% and 2.99%, respectively. The loan is collateralized by the building and improvement
of BioLite Taiwan, and is also personal guaranteed by the Company&#x2019;s chairman. During the three months ended March 31, 2025, the
Company made payments of the loan in total of NTD 937,500, equivalent to $29,250.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Interest expenses were $1,470 and $1,736 for
the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline"&gt;CTBC Bank&lt;/span&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;On June 12, 2017 and July 19, 2017, BioLite
Taiwan and CTBC Bank entered into two short-term saving secured bank loan agreements (the &#x201c;CTBC Loan Agreements&#x201d;) in a credit
limit amount of NTD 10 million, equivalent to $327,500, and NTD 10 million, equivalent to $327,500, respectively. Both two loans with
the same maturity date at January 19, 2018. In February 2018, BioLite Taiwan combined two loans and extended the loan contract with CTBC
for one year. The Company renews the agreement with the bank every year, and the next renewal date is February 28, 2025.&#160;The loan
balances bear interest at a fixed rate of 2.5% per annum, and is secured by the money deposited in a savings account with the CTBC Bank.
This loan was also personal guaranteed by the Company&#x2019;s chairman and BioFirst. During the year ended December 31, 2020, BioLite
Taiwan opened a TCD account with CTBC bank to guarantee the loan going forward.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Interest expenses were $3,761 and $3,964 for
the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline"&gt;Other individual &#x2013; Third party&lt;/span&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;On March 21, 2024, the Company issued an unsecured
promissory note to a third party for the proceeds of $30,000. The note bears interest rate of 12% per annum and matures on March 21,
2025, or upon the occurrence of an event of default. The promissory note was extended for anther year and matures on March 21, 2026,
with the same terms.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Interest expenses were $888 and $0 for the
three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:ShortTermDebtTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:ScheduleOfShortTermDebtTextBlock contextRef="c0" id="ixv-40453">&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Short-term loans consists of the following:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;March&#160;31,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;December&#160;31,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2025&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 76%; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Cathay United Bank&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;169,407&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;200,252&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;CTBC Bank&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;602,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;610,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: justify; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Other individual&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;30,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;30,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: justify; padding-bottom: 4pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Total&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;801,407&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;840,252&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;</us-gaap:ScheduleOfShortTermDebtTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:ShortTermBorrowings contextRef="c559" decimals="0" id="ixv-47148" unitRef="usd">169407</us-gaap:ShortTermBorrowings>
    <us-gaap:ShortTermBorrowings contextRef="c286" decimals="0" id="ixv-47149" unitRef="usd">200252</us-gaap:ShortTermBorrowings>
    <us-gaap:ShortTermBorrowings contextRef="c567" decimals="0" id="ixv-47150" unitRef="usd">602000</us-gaap:ShortTermBorrowings>
    <us-gaap:ShortTermBorrowings contextRef="c299" decimals="0" id="ixv-47151" unitRef="usd">610000</us-gaap:ShortTermBorrowings>
    <us-gaap:ShortTermBorrowings contextRef="c568" decimals="0" id="ixv-47152" unitRef="usd">30000</us-gaap:ShortTermBorrowings>
    <us-gaap:ShortTermBorrowings contextRef="c301" decimals="0" id="ixv-47153" unitRef="usd">30000</us-gaap:ShortTermBorrowings>
    <us-gaap:ShortTermBorrowings contextRef="c5" decimals="0" id="ixv-47154" unitRef="usd">801407</us-gaap:ShortTermBorrowings>
    <us-gaap:ShortTermBorrowings contextRef="c1" decimals="0" id="ixv-47155" unitRef="usd">840252</us-gaap:ShortTermBorrowings>
    <us-gaap:LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity
      contextRef="c283"
      decimals="-5"
      id="ixv-47156"
      unitRef="twd">7500000</us-gaap:LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity>
    <us-gaap:LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity contextRef="c283" decimals="0" id="ixv-47157" unitRef="usd">228750</us-gaap:LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentMaturityDate contextRef="c558" id="ixv-47158">2017-06-28</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentMaturityDate>
    <us-gaap:AccountsPayableInterestBearingInterestRate
      contextRef="c285"
      decimals="4"
      id="ixv-47159"
      unitRef="pure">0.0131</us-gaap:AccountsPayableInterestBearingInterestRate>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentInterestRateEffectivePercentage
      contextRef="c559"
      decimals="4"
      id="ixv-47160"
      unitRef="pure">0.0299</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentInterestRateEffectivePercentage>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentInterestRateEffectivePercentage
      contextRef="c286"
      decimals="4"
      id="ixv-47161"
      unitRef="pure">0.0299</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentInterestRateEffectivePercentage>
    <us-gaap:RepaymentsOfShortTermDebt contextRef="c0" decimals="0" id="ixv-47162" unitRef="twd">937500</us-gaap:RepaymentsOfShortTermDebt>
    <us-gaap:RepaymentsOfShortTermDebt contextRef="c0" decimals="0" id="ixv-47163" unitRef="usd">29250</us-gaap:RepaymentsOfShortTermDebt>
    <us-gaap:InterestExpenseShortTermBorrowings contextRef="c560" decimals="0" id="ixv-47164" unitRef="usd">1470</us-gaap:InterestExpenseShortTermBorrowings>
    <us-gaap:InterestExpenseShortTermBorrowings contextRef="c561" decimals="0" id="ixv-47165" unitRef="usd">1736</us-gaap:InterestExpenseShortTermBorrowings>
    <us-gaap:LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity
      contextRef="c290"
      decimals="-6"
      id="ixv-47166"
      unitRef="twd">10000000</us-gaap:LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity>
    <us-gaap:LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity contextRef="c290" decimals="0" id="ixv-47167" unitRef="usd">327500</us-gaap:LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity>
    <us-gaap:LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity
      contextRef="c291"
      decimals="-6"
      id="ixv-47168"
      unitRef="twd">10000000</us-gaap:LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity>
    <us-gaap:LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity contextRef="c291" decimals="0" id="ixv-47169" unitRef="usd">327500</us-gaap:LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentMaturityDate contextRef="c293" id="ixv-47170">2018-01-19</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentMaturityDate>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentMaturityDate contextRef="c292" id="ixv-47171">2018-01-19</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentMaturityDate>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentTerm contextRef="c294" id="ixv-47172">P1Y</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentTerm>
    <us-gaap:PercentageOfInterestBearingDomesticDepositsToDepositsSavings
      contextRef="c562"
      decimals="3"
      id="ixv-47173"
      unitRef="pure">0.025</us-gaap:PercentageOfInterestBearingDomesticDepositsToDepositsSavings>
    <us-gaap:InterestExpenseShortTermBorrowings contextRef="c563" decimals="0" id="ixv-47174" unitRef="usd">3761</us-gaap:InterestExpenseShortTermBorrowings>
    <us-gaap:InterestExpenseShortTermBorrowings contextRef="c564" decimals="0" id="ixv-47175" unitRef="usd">3964</us-gaap:InterestExpenseShortTermBorrowings>
    <abvc:ProceedsFromIssuanceOfAPromissoryNote contextRef="c296" decimals="0" id="ixv-47176" unitRef="usd">30000</abvc:ProceedsFromIssuanceOfAPromissoryNote>
    <us-gaap:ShortTermDebtPercentageBearingVariableInterestRate
      contextRef="c297"
      decimals="2"
      id="ixv-47177"
      unitRef="pure">0.12</us-gaap:ShortTermDebtPercentageBearingVariableInterestRate>
    <abvc:ShortTermDebtMaturityDate contextRef="c297" id="ixv-47178">2025-03-21</abvc:ShortTermDebtMaturityDate>
    <us-gaap:InterestExpenseShortTermBorrowings contextRef="c565" decimals="0" id="ixv-47179" unitRef="usd">888</us-gaap:InterestExpenseShortTermBorrowings>
    <us-gaap:InterestExpenseShortTermBorrowings contextRef="c566" decimals="0" id="ixv-47180" unitRef="usd">0</us-gaap:InterestExpenseShortTermBorrowings>
    <us-gaap:RelatedPartyTransactionsDisclosureTextBlock contextRef="c0" id="ixv-40618">&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;10. RELATED PARTIES TRANSACTIONS&lt;/b&gt;&#160;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The related parties of the company with whom
transactions are reported in these financial statements are as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt; &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in; vertical-align: bottom; width: 30%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Name of entity or Individual&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="vertical-align: top; width: 1%; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; vertical-align: bottom; width: 69%; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Relationship with the Company and its subsidiaries&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt; &lt;td style="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;BioFirst Corporation (the &#x201c;BioFirst&#x201d;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Entity controlled by controlling beneficiary shareholder of YuanGene&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top; "&gt; &lt;td style="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;BioFirst (Australia) Pty Ltd. (the &#x201c;BioFirst (Australia)&#x201d;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;100% owned by BioFirst; Entity controlled by controlling beneficiary shareholder of YuanGene&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt; &lt;td style="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Rgene Corporation (the &#x201c;Rgene&#x201d;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Shareholder of the Company; Entity controlled by controlling beneficiary shareholder of YuanGene; the Chairman of Rgene is Mr. Tsung-Shann Jiang&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top; "&gt; &lt;td style="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;GenePharm Inc. (the &#x201c;GenePharm&#x201d;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Dr. George Lee, Board Director of Biokey, is the Chairman of GenePharm.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt; &lt;td style="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The Jiangs&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Mr. Tsung-Shann Jiang, the controlling beneficiary shareholder of the Company and Rgene, the Chairman and CEO of the BioLite Holding Inc. and BioLite Inc. and the President and a member of board of directors of BioFirst&lt;br/&gt; &lt;br/&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Ms. Shu-Ling Jiang, Mr. Tsung-Shann Jiang&#x2019;s wife, is the Chairman of Keypoint; and a member of board of directors of BioLite Inc.&lt;br/&gt; &lt;br/&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Mr. Eugene Jiang is Mr. and Ms. Jiang&#x2019;s son. Mr. Eugene Jiang is the chairman, and majority shareholder of the Company and a member of board of directors of BioLite Inc.&lt;br/&gt; &lt;br/&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Mr. Chang-Jen Jiang is Mr. Tsung-Shann Jiang&#x2019;s sibling and the director of the Company.&lt;br/&gt; &lt;br/&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Ms. Mei-Ling Jiang is Ms. Shu-Ling Jiang&#x2019;s sibling.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top; "&gt; &lt;td style="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;BioLite Japan &#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Entity controlled by controlling beneficiary shareholder of ABVC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt; &lt;td style="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;BioHopeKing Corporation (&#x201c;BHK&#x201d;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Entity controlled by controlling beneficiary shareholder of ABVC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top; "&gt; &lt;td style="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;AiBtl (Holding) BioPharma, Inc. (&#x201c;AiBtl Holding&#x201d;) &#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Founding shareholder of AiBtl BioPharma Inc.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt; &lt;td style="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Jaimes Vargas Russman &#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;CEO of AiBtl BioPharma Inc.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top; "&gt; &lt;td style="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Lion Arts Promotion, Inc.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Entity controlled by the Jiangs.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/table&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline"&gt;Revenues &#x2013; related parties&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;There was no cash receipt for the three months
ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 from related parties on the licensing agreements or other services. Therefore, no related party revenue
was recognized during these periods. Please refer to Note 4, Collaborative Agreements for details.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline"&gt;Consulting fees &#x2013; related parties&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;In March 2024, the Company engaged Lion Arts
Promotion Inc to provide operation, business development, human resources, and capital finance consulting services. The agreement is
for 12 months expiring in February 2025, and is optional for renewal upon mutual agreement. The Company incurred $68,141 and $14,628
for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline"&gt;Accounts receivable - related parties&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Accounts receivable due from related parties
consisted of the following as of the periods indicated:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;March&#160;31,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;December&#160;31,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 76%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Rgene&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-348"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-349"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; padding-left: 0.125in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Total&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-350"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-351"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;As of December 31, 2024, management considered
the outstanding accounts receivable from Rgene may not be recoverable, and recognized credit loss in full.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline"&gt;Due from related parties&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Amounts due from related parties consisted
of the following as of the periods indicated:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Due from related party- Current&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;March&#160;31,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;December&#160;31,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2025&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 76%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Rgene (1)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;1,867&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;565,711&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;BioFirst (2)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;535,252&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;589,340&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Total&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;537,119&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;1,155,051&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Due from related parties- Non-current, net&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;March&#160;31,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;December&#160;31,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2025&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 76%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;BioFirst (Australia) (3)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;839,983&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;839,983&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;BioHopeKing Corporation (4)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;118,633&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;120,210&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Total&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;958,616&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;1,014,193&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Less: allowance for expected credit losses accounts&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(958,616&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(1,014,193&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; padding-left: 0.125in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Net&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-352"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-353"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt; &lt;td style="width: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(1) &#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;On June 16, 2022, the Company entered into a one-year convertible loan agreement with Rgene, with a principal amount of $1,000,000 and made $500,000 to Rgene which bears interest at 5% per annum for the use of working capital that, if fully converted, would result in ABVC owning an additional 6.4% of Rgene. The Company may convert the Note at any time into shares of Rgene&#x2019;s common stock at either (i) a fixed conversion price equal to $1.00 per share or (ii) 20% discount of the stock price of the then most recent offering, whichever is lower; the conversion price is subject to adjustment as set forth in the Note. The Note includes standard events of default, as well as a cross-default provision pursuant to which a breach of the Service Agreement will trigger an event of default under the convertible note if not cured after 5 business days of written notice regarding the breach is provided. The loan was converted to Rgene&#x2019;s common stock in May 2024 but the Company was not informed until April 2025. Please see detail discussion in Note 7.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the outstanding loan balance were $0 and $500,000; and accrued interest was $&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-355"&gt;0and&lt;/span&gt; $63,819, respectively. Both principal and accrued interest were converted to Rgene&#x2019;s common stocks.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company has other receivables amounted to $1,867 and $1,892, respectively, from Rgene due to daily operations.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/table&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt; &lt;td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(2)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;On December&#160;31, 2023, BioLite Taiwan entered into a loan agreement with BioFirst, with a principal amount of NTD 11,072,360 (approximately $337,707), which bears interest at 12% per annum for the use of working capital. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company entered into another loan agreement with BioFirst, with a principal amount of NTD 11,406,000 (approximately $347,883), which bears interest at 12% per annum for the use of working capital. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the outstanding loan balance were NTD 15,458,360 (approximately $465,297) and NTD 17,571,076 (approximately $535,918), respectively; accrued interests were$68,971 and $53,422, respectively. The Company has received NTD 2,080,000 (approximately $64,896) and $0 repayment during the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/table&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt; &lt;td style="width: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(3)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;On July 1, 2020, the Company entered into a loan agreement with BioFirst (Australia) for $361,487 to properly record R&amp;amp;D cost and tax refund allocation based on co-development contract executed on July 24, 2017. The loan was originally set to be mature on September 30, 2021 with an interest rate of 6.5% per annum, but on September 7, 2021, the Company entered into a loan agreement with BioFirst (Australia) for $67,873 to meet its new project needs. On July 27, 2021, the Company repaid a loan 249,975 to BioFirst (Australia). On December 1, 2021, the Company entered into a loan agreement with BioFirst (Australia) for $250,000 to increase the cost for upcoming projects. The loan will be matured on November 30, 2022 with an interest rate of 6.5% per annum. In 2022, the Company entered into several loan agreements with BioFirst (Australia) for a total amount of $507,000 to increase the cost for upcoming projects. &#160;During the first quarter of 2023, the Company entered into several loan agreements with BioFirst (Australia) for a total amount of $88,091 to increase the cost for upcoming projects. During the second quarter of 2023, the Company entered into several loan agreements with BioFirst (Australia) for a total amount of $25,500 to increase the cost for upcoming projects. All the loans period was twelve months with an interest rate of 6.5% per annum. For accounting purpose, the due from and due to related party balances was being net off. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the outstanding loan balances and allocated research fee were both amounted to $681,185, and accrued interest balances were both amounted $158,798.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The business conditions of BioFirst (Australia) deteriorated and, as a result, the Company recognized expected credit losses of $839,983 for the year ended December 31, 2023. The Company stopped accruing interest income recognizing such losses.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/table&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt; &lt;td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(4)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;On February 24, 2015, BioLite Taiwan and BioHopeKing Corporation (the &#x201c;BHK&#x201d;) entered into a co-development agreement, (the &#x201c;BHK Co-Development Agreement&#x201d;, see Note 4). The development costs shall be shared 50/50 between BHK and the Company. Under the term of the agreement, BioLite issued relevant development cost to BHK. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, due from BHK was both NTD 3,941,299 (approximately$118,633 and $120,210, respectively). The business conditions of BHK deteriorated and as a result, the Company recognized expected credit losses of NTD 3,941,299 as of December 31, 2024. No recovery was made during three months ended March 31, 2025.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/table&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The Company&#x2019;s due from related parties
are subject to certain risks that our collaborative parties, including OncoX and FEYE, would face. Such risks exist in future market
conditions, macro economy, legal and regulatory, results of clinical trials and product developments, and among others. As of March 31,
2025, the Company&#x2019;s comprehensive review of these due from related party balances indicates that there are no expected losses except
those being recognized above. This conclusion is based on the business relationships with our related parties and the absence of any
significant indicators of potential default.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline"&gt;Due to related parties&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Amount due to related parties consisted of
the following as of the periods indicated:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;March&#160;31,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;December&#160;31,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2025&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 76%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;AiBtl Holding (1)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;348,219&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;348,219&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The Jiangs (2)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;222,522&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;274,170&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Shareholders (3)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;140,266&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;142,130&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Lion Art Promotions Inc (4)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;65,738&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-354"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Directors (5)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;12,953&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;8,526&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Total&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;819,384&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;773,045&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt; &lt;td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(1)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;On April 11, 2024, May 10, 2024, August 15, 2024, and December 24, 2024, AiBtl received short-term loans from its founding shareholder, AiBtl Holding, for the principal amounts of $40,000, $60,000, $33,732, and $214,487, respectively, for the purpose of daily operations. These loans do not bear interest and are payable on demand. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(2)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Since 2019, the Jiangs advanced funds to the Company for working capital purpose. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the outstanding balance due to the Jiangs amounted to $222,522 and $274,170, respectively. These loans bear no interest and are due on demand.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/table&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt; &lt;td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(3)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Since 2018, the Company&#x2019;s shareholders have advanced funds to the Company for working capital purpose. The advances bear interest rate around 12% per annum. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the outstanding principal and accrued interest was $140,266 and $142,130, respectively. Interest expenses in connection with these loans were $4,963 and $5,938 for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/table&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -24.1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt; &lt;td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(4)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Accrued consulting services fee for the three months ended March 31, 2025.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(5)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, due to Directors amounted to $12,953 and $8,526, respectively, were related to the daily operating expenses since inception in 2023 paid by the Directors of AiBtl on behalf of the entity.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/table&gt;</us-gaap:RelatedPartyTransactionsDisclosureTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:ScheduleOfRelatedPartyTransactionsTableTextBlock contextRef="c0" id="ixv-40623">&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The related parties of the company with whom
transactions are reported in these financial statements are as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt; &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in; vertical-align: bottom; width: 30%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Name of entity or Individual&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="vertical-align: top; width: 1%; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; vertical-align: bottom; width: 69%; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Relationship with the Company and its subsidiaries&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt; &lt;td style="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;BioFirst Corporation (the &#x201c;BioFirst&#x201d;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Entity controlled by controlling beneficiary shareholder of YuanGene&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top; "&gt; &lt;td style="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;BioFirst (Australia) Pty Ltd. (the &#x201c;BioFirst (Australia)&#x201d;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;100% owned by BioFirst; Entity controlled by controlling beneficiary shareholder of YuanGene&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt; &lt;td style="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Rgene Corporation (the &#x201c;Rgene&#x201d;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Shareholder of the Company; Entity controlled by controlling beneficiary shareholder of YuanGene; the Chairman of Rgene is Mr. Tsung-Shann Jiang&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top; "&gt; &lt;td style="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;GenePharm Inc. (the &#x201c;GenePharm&#x201d;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Dr. George Lee, Board Director of Biokey, is the Chairman of GenePharm.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt; &lt;td style="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The Jiangs&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Mr. Tsung-Shann Jiang, the controlling beneficiary shareholder of the Company and Rgene, the Chairman and CEO of the BioLite Holding Inc. and BioLite Inc. and the President and a member of board of directors of BioFirst&lt;br/&gt; &lt;br/&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Ms. Shu-Ling Jiang, Mr. Tsung-Shann Jiang&#x2019;s wife, is the Chairman of Keypoint; and a member of board of directors of BioLite Inc.&lt;br/&gt; &lt;br/&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Mr. Eugene Jiang is Mr. and Ms. Jiang&#x2019;s son. Mr. Eugene Jiang is the chairman, and majority shareholder of the Company and a member of board of directors of BioLite Inc.&lt;br/&gt; &lt;br/&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Mr. Chang-Jen Jiang is Mr. Tsung-Shann Jiang&#x2019;s sibling and the director of the Company.&lt;br/&gt; &lt;br/&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Ms. Mei-Ling Jiang is Ms. Shu-Ling Jiang&#x2019;s sibling.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top; "&gt; &lt;td style="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;BioLite Japan &#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Entity controlled by controlling beneficiary shareholder of ABVC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt; &lt;td style="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;BioHopeKing Corporation (&#x201c;BHK&#x201d;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Entity controlled by controlling beneficiary shareholder of ABVC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top; "&gt; &lt;td style="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;AiBtl (Holding) BioPharma, Inc. (&#x201c;AiBtl Holding&#x201d;) &#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Founding shareholder of AiBtl BioPharma Inc.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt; &lt;td style="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Jaimes Vargas Russman &#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;CEO of AiBtl BioPharma Inc.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top; "&gt; &lt;td style="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Lion Arts Promotion, Inc.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Entity controlled by the Jiangs.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/table&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Accounts receivable due from related parties
consisted of the following as of the periods indicated:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;March&#160;31,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;December&#160;31,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 76%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Rgene&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-348"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-349"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; padding-left: 0.125in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Total&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-350"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-351"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Due from related party- Current&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;March&#160;31,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;December&#160;31,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2025&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 76%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Rgene (1)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;1,867&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;565,711&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;BioFirst (2)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;535,252&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;589,340&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Total&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;537,119&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;1,155,051&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Due from related parties- Non-current, net&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;March&#160;31,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;December&#160;31,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2025&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 76%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;BioFirst (Australia) (3)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;839,983&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;839,983&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;BioHopeKing Corporation (4)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;118,633&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;120,210&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Total&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;958,616&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;1,014,193&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Less: allowance for expected credit losses accounts&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(958,616&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(1,014,193&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; padding-left: 0.125in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Net&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-352"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-353"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt; &lt;td style="width: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(1) &#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;On June 16, 2022, the Company entered into a one-year convertible loan agreement with Rgene, with a principal amount of $1,000,000 and made $500,000 to Rgene which bears interest at 5% per annum for the use of working capital that, if fully converted, would result in ABVC owning an additional 6.4% of Rgene. The Company may convert the Note at any time into shares of Rgene&#x2019;s common stock at either (i) a fixed conversion price equal to $1.00 per share or (ii) 20% discount of the stock price of the then most recent offering, whichever is lower; the conversion price is subject to adjustment as set forth in the Note. The Note includes standard events of default, as well as a cross-default provision pursuant to which a breach of the Service Agreement will trigger an event of default under the convertible note if not cured after 5 business days of written notice regarding the breach is provided. The loan was converted to Rgene&#x2019;s common stock in May 2024 but the Company was not informed until April 2025. Please see detail discussion in Note 7.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the outstanding loan balance were $0 and $500,000; and accrued interest was $&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-355"&gt;0and&lt;/span&gt; $63,819, respectively. Both principal and accrued interest were converted to Rgene&#x2019;s common stocks.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company has other receivables amounted to $1,867 and $1,892, respectively, from Rgene due to daily operations.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/table&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt; &lt;td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(2)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;On December&#160;31, 2023, BioLite Taiwan entered into a loan agreement with BioFirst, with a principal amount of NTD 11,072,360 (approximately $337,707), which bears interest at 12% per annum for the use of working capital. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company entered into another loan agreement with BioFirst, with a principal amount of NTD 11,406,000 (approximately $347,883), which bears interest at 12% per annum for the use of working capital. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the outstanding loan balance were NTD 15,458,360 (approximately $465,297) and NTD 17,571,076 (approximately $535,918), respectively; accrued interests were$68,971 and $53,422, respectively. The Company has received NTD 2,080,000 (approximately $64,896) and $0 repayment during the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/table&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt; &lt;td style="width: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(3)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;On July 1, 2020, the Company entered into a loan agreement with BioFirst (Australia) for $361,487 to properly record R&amp;amp;D cost and tax refund allocation based on co-development contract executed on July 24, 2017. The loan was originally set to be mature on September 30, 2021 with an interest rate of 6.5% per annum, but on September 7, 2021, the Company entered into a loan agreement with BioFirst (Australia) for $67,873 to meet its new project needs. On July 27, 2021, the Company repaid a loan 249,975 to BioFirst (Australia). On December 1, 2021, the Company entered into a loan agreement with BioFirst (Australia) for $250,000 to increase the cost for upcoming projects. The loan will be matured on November 30, 2022 with an interest rate of 6.5% per annum. In 2022, the Company entered into several loan agreements with BioFirst (Australia) for a total amount of $507,000 to increase the cost for upcoming projects. &#160;During the first quarter of 2023, the Company entered into several loan agreements with BioFirst (Australia) for a total amount of $88,091 to increase the cost for upcoming projects. During the second quarter of 2023, the Company entered into several loan agreements with BioFirst (Australia) for a total amount of $25,500 to increase the cost for upcoming projects. All the loans period was twelve months with an interest rate of 6.5% per annum. For accounting purpose, the due from and due to related party balances was being net off. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the outstanding loan balances and allocated research fee were both amounted to $681,185, and accrued interest balances were both amounted $158,798.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The business conditions of BioFirst (Australia) deteriorated and, as a result, the Company recognized expected credit losses of $839,983 for the year ended December 31, 2023. The Company stopped accruing interest income recognizing such losses.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/table&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt; &lt;td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(4)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;On February 24, 2015, BioLite Taiwan and BioHopeKing Corporation (the &#x201c;BHK&#x201d;) entered into a co-development agreement, (the &#x201c;BHK Co-Development Agreement&#x201d;, see Note 4). The development costs shall be shared 50/50 between BHK and the Company. Under the term of the agreement, BioLite issued relevant development cost to BHK. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, due from BHK was both NTD 3,941,299 (approximately$118,633 and $120,210, respectively). The business conditions of BHK deteriorated and as a result, the Company recognized expected credit losses of NTD 3,941,299 as of December 31, 2024. No recovery was made during three months ended March 31, 2025.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/table&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Amount due to related parties consisted of
the following as of the periods indicated:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;March&#160;31,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;December&#160;31,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2025&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 76%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;AiBtl Holding (1)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;348,219&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;348,219&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The Jiangs (2)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;222,522&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;274,170&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Shareholders (3)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;140,266&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;142,130&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Lion Art Promotions Inc (4)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;65,738&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-354"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Directors (5)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;12,953&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;8,526&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Total&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;819,384&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;773,045&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt; &lt;td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(1)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;On April 11, 2024, May 10, 2024, August 15, 2024, and December 24, 2024, AiBtl received short-term loans from its founding shareholder, AiBtl Holding, for the principal amounts of $40,000, $60,000, $33,732, and $214,487, respectively, for the purpose of daily operations. These loans do not bear interest and are payable on demand. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(2)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Since 2019, the Jiangs advanced funds to the Company for working capital purpose. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the outstanding balance due to the Jiangs amounted to $222,522 and $274,170, respectively. These loans bear no interest and are due on demand.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/table&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt; &lt;td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(3)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Since 2018, the Company&#x2019;s shareholders have advanced funds to the Company for working capital purpose. The advances bear interest rate around 12% per annum. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the outstanding principal and accrued interest was $140,266 and $142,130, respectively. Interest expenses in connection with these loans were $4,963 and $5,938 for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/table&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -24.1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt; &lt;td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(4)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Accrued consulting services fee for the three months ended March 31, 2025.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(5)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, due to Directors amounted to $12,953 and $8,526, respectively, were related to the daily operating expenses since inception in 2023 paid by the Directors of AiBtl on behalf of the entity.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/table&gt;</us-gaap:ScheduleOfRelatedPartyTransactionsTableTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:RelatedPartyTransactionDescriptionOfTransaction contextRef="c583" id="ixv-40644">Entity controlled by controlling beneficiary shareholder of YuanGene</us-gaap:RelatedPartyTransactionDescriptionOfTransaction>
    <us-gaap:RelatedPartyTransactionDescriptionOfTransaction contextRef="c584" id="ixv-40652">100% owned by BioFirst; Entity controlled by controlling beneficiary shareholder of YuanGene</us-gaap:RelatedPartyTransactionDescriptionOfTransaction>
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    <us-gaap:IncomeTaxDisclosureTextBlock contextRef="c0" id="ixv-41387">&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;11. INCOME TAXES&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

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&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Income tax
(benefit) expense for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 were &lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-358"&gt;$0&lt;/span&gt; and &lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-359"&gt;$0&lt;/span&gt;, respectively.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Deferred tax assets (liability)
as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024 consist approximately of:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

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    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;713,223&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;713,223&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Net operating loss carryforwards&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;5,870,805&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;5,677,413&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Operating lease liabilities&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;155,559&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;178,014&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Operating lease assets&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(155,559&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(178,014&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Deferred tax assets, gross&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;6,584,028&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;6,390,636&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Valuation allowance&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(6,584,028&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(6,390,636&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Deferred tax assets, net&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-356"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-357"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;</us-gaap:IncomeTaxDisclosureTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:ScheduleOfDeferredTaxAssetsAndLiabilitiesTableTextBlock contextRef="c0" id="ixv-41398">&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Deferred tax assets (liability)
as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024 consist approximately of:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;March&#160;31,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;December&#160;31,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2025&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 76%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Loss on impairment of assets&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;713,223&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;713,223&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Net operating loss carryforwards&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;5,870,805&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;5,677,413&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Operating lease liabilities&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;155,559&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;178,014&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Operating lease assets&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(155,559&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(178,014&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Deferred tax assets, gross&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;6,584,028&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;6,390,636&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Valuation allowance&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(6,584,028&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(6,390,636&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Deferred tax assets, net&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-356"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-357"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
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    <us-gaap:StockholdersEquityNoteDisclosureTextBlock contextRef="c0" id="ixv-41573">&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;12. EQUITY&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The Company previously reported that during
the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company entered into service agreements with Euro-Asia Investment &amp;amp; Finance Corp Ltd. (a related
party), Ever Adventure inv. (Formosa) Consultant Co., Ltd., New Eastern Asia (a related party), and Kimho Consultants Co., Ltd. (a related
party) for the maintenance of the listing in the U.S. stock exchange market, investor relations, and business development. Pursuant to
the agreements, the Company issued 644,972 shares of the Company&#x2019;s common stock for the consulting service from July 2019 to July
2024 for the service fee of $4,514,800 in aggregate, and recorded as stock subscription receivable. For the three months ended March
31, 2024, stock subscription receivable recognized as stock-based compensation in equity was $225,740.&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;After further reviewed and investigation,
above services were completely provided by December 31, 2022. Pursuant to ASC 718, the costs of services should be recognized along with
the period when services are received. Therefore, the Company reversed share-based compensation expenses of $225,740 for the three months
ended March 31, 2024.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;On August 14, 2023, the Company entered into
a cooperation agreement with Zhonghui. Pursuant thereto, the Company expect to receive 20% of the ownership of a property and the parcel
of the land owned by Zhonghui in Leshan, Sichuan, China. During the third quarter of 2023, the Company issued to Zhonghui, an aggregate
of 370,000 shares (post-split) of the Company&#x2019;s common stock, at a per share price of $1.87, for $691,900.&#160;The Company also
issued 29,600 common stock to consultants for providing consulting services on the above transaction. Please refer Note 2 for the restatement
of prior period reported amounts.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;On January 27, 2024, the Company granted 1,302,726
restricted shares to its employees and directors under the 2016 Equity Incentive Plan as compensation for their previous services, with
an issuance date of February 2, 2024. These shares are subject to a three-year restriction period.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;On February 6, 2024, the Company entered into
a definitive agreement with Shuling Jiang (&#x201c;Shuling&#x201d;), pursuant to which Shuling shall transfer the ownership of certain
land she owns located at Taoyuan City, Taiwan (the &#x201c;Land&#x201d;) to the Company (the &#x201c;Agreement&#x201d;). Shuling is a director
of the Company, is married to TS Jiang, the Company&#x2019;s Chief Strategic Officer and owns approximately 15.4% of the Company&#x2019;s
issued and outstanding shares of common stock. In consideration for the Land, the Company was to pay Shuling (i) 703,496 restricted shares
of the Company&#x2019;s common stock (the &#x201c;Shares&#x201d;) at a price of $3.50 per share and (ii) five-year warrants to purchase
up to 1,000,000 shares of the Company&#x2019;s common stock, with an exercise price of $2.00 per share. Under the Agreement, Shuling was
to also transfer outstanding liability owed on the Land (approximately $500,000) to the Company. On May 16, 2024, the Company&#x2019;s
board of directors determined that it was in the best interest of the Company and its shareholders to terminate the Agreement and not
proceed with the transfer of land ownership; the Company may reconsider the transaction at a later date. The shares were returned and
booked as treasury stock, and the warrants were not issued.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;In July 2024, the Company entered into an
agreement with its landlord in California, pursuant that the Company issued 169,992 shares of common stock for the rent payable through
July 2024, in total of $127,494. The Company also issued 43,458 shares on August 14, 2024 for the August 2024 rent, and 46,072 shares
were issued on September 3, 2024 for the September 2024 rent. Further, we issued 64,147 shares on October 29, 2024 for October rent,
45,293 shares on November 13, 2024 for November rent, and 30,422 shares on December 26, 2024 for half month of December rent. In 2025,
the Company issued 28,135 shares, 22,031 shares, and 30,488 shares for each of the half month rent from January 2025 to March 2025, respectively.
On April 9, 2025, the Company entered another agreement with the landlord to settle remaining balance of each half month of February
and March 2025 rent, and April 2025 rent, by issuing 120,398 of the Company&#x2019;s common stock, in the value of $66,219.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline"&gt;Noncontrolling Interests&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;On March 14, 2024, AiBtl issued 1,610,700
AiBtl&#x2019;s common stocks to a land acquisition transaction in Taiwan, including the 1-year business consulting fee of $383,500 incurred
beginning in November 2023, and the cost of land $7,670,000. Due to certain administrative processes and restrictions, AiBtl has not
acquired ownership of the land and no asset was recognized.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Yunzhiyi, a Taiwan corporation, was incorporated
in August 2024, with 90% owned by BioLite Taiwan and 10% owned by Shuling Jiang, the Company&#x2019;s director. This entity is set up
for holding the land that AiBtl acquired in Taiwan for developing health related business in Taiwan. Due to certain administrative processes
and restrictions, the title transfer has not completed, and no asset was recognized as of the issuance of this report. However, AiBtl
entered a series of agreements with the sellers in March 2025, to obtain the complete rights and obligations of the land while in the
process of transferring the title. These agreements are effective until the title transfer is completed. AiBtl recognized such asset
on its balance sheet on March 31, 2025. Refer to Note 6 for details.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline"&gt;Lind Offerings and Repayments&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;On February 23, 2023, in connection with the
issuance of the Lind Note (referring to Note 7), the Company issued Lind a 5-year term of common stock purchase warrant to purchase up
to 529,167 shares (post-split) of the Company&#x2019;s common stock at an initial exercise price of $10.5 per share (post-split), subject
to adjustment. The warrant exercise price was reset to $3.5 in accordance with the issuance of common stock in relation to securities
purchase agreement in July 2023. On May 22, 2024, the exercise price of these warrants was further reset to $0.75 along with the immediate
exercise of existing warrants and issuance of the New Warrants.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;During the three months ended March 31, 2024,
the Company has made repayment of Lind Note with the Company&#x2019;s common stock for 751,795 shares, totaling $681,000. As of December
31, 2024, the first Lind Note was fully repaid.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;On November 17, 2023, in connection with the
issuance of the 2&lt;sup&gt;nd&lt;/sup&gt; Lind Note (referring to Note 7), Lind also received a 5-year term of common stock purchase warrants to
purchase up to 1,000,000 shares of the Company&#x2019;s common stock at an initial exercise price of $2 per share. The warrants were valued
using the Black-Scholes model and the fair value was determined to be $480,795, which was recorded as a debt discount.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;On January 17, 2024, in connection with the
issuance of the 3&lt;sup&gt;rd&lt;/sup&gt; Lind Note (referring to Note 7), Lind also received 5-year term of common stock purchase warrants to purchase
up to 1,000,000 shares of the Company&#x2019;s common stock at an initial exercise price of $2 per share.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;On May 22, 2024, the Company and Lind entered
into a letter agreement, pursuant to which Lind will exercise, for cash, 1,000,000 of its Pre-Existing Warrants (all of the warrants
issued to Lind on February 23, 2023, November 17, 2023 and January 17, 2024 are hereinafter referred to as the &#x201c;Pre-Existing Warrants&#x201d;),
to purchase shares of Common Stock at a reduced exercise price of $0.75 per share. Such 1,000,000 Pre-Existing Warrants exercised include
529,167 warrants issued in February 2023 and 470,833 warrants issued in November 2023. Concurrently, the exercise price of all Pre-Existing
Warrants was reduced to $0.75 per share according to this agreement. Lind also received new warrants to purchase 1,000,000 shares of
common stock, exercisable at any time on or after the date of its issuance and until the five-year anniversary thereof, for $1.00 per
share (the &#x201c;New Warrants&#x201d;). The fair value of the New Warrants was determined to be $925,210 using the Black-Scholes model.
The New Warrants may be exercised via cashless exercise or resale pursuant to the registration statement that was declared effective.
As of December 31, 2024, Lind has exercised 1,000,000 shares of Pre-Existing Warrants and received 1,000,000 shares of New Warrants according
to this agreement. All warrants issued to Lind may be exercised via cashless exercise.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;During the year ended December 31, 2024, the
Company issued Lind in total of 800,000 shares of the Company&#x2019;s common stock as the repayment of $800,000 principal of 2&lt;sup&gt;nd&lt;/sup&gt;
Lind Note. According to the amended agreement pursuant to Nasdaq requirements, the conversion price is subject to $1.00 floor price if
the conversion price was below such floor, resulting in effective conversion price between $0.7907 to $0.4932. The Company made additional
$327,017 cash repayments, with $127,759 unpaid cash booked in Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities as of December 31, 2024.
On March 3, 2025 and April 1, 2025, Lind converted the remaining $400,000 ($200,000 in each conversion) principal balance on 2&lt;sup&gt;nd&lt;/sup&gt;
Lind Note into 400,000 shares of the Company&#x2019;s common stocks. All principal balance of 2&lt;sup&gt;nd&lt;/sup&gt; Lind Note was fully converted
as of April 1, 2025.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;On March 3, 2025 and April 1, 2025, Lind converted
$400,000 ($200,000 in each conversion) principal balance on 3&lt;sup&gt;rd&lt;/sup&gt; Lind Note into 400,000 shares of the Company&#x2019;s common
stocks, leaving outstanding principal of $600,000.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;On January 5, 2025, the Company and Lind entered
into a third letter agreement, pursuant to which Lind agreed to exercise for cash, 1,029,167 of the Existing Warrants to purchase shares
of Common Stock, with a current exercise price of $0.75 per share, at a reduced exercise price of $0.40 per share.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Warrants issued and outstanding in connection
with above Lind convertible notes as of March 31, 2025, and their activities during the three-month period ended are as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Number of&lt;br/&gt; Underlying&lt;br/&gt; Shares&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Weighted-&lt;br/&gt; Average&lt;br/&gt; Exercise&lt;br/&gt; Price&lt;br/&gt; Per Share&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Weighted-&lt;br/&gt; Average&lt;br/&gt; Contractual&lt;br/&gt; Life&lt;br/&gt; Remaining&lt;br/&gt; in Years&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Aggregate&lt;br/&gt; Intrinsic&lt;br/&gt; Value&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt; &lt;td style="width: 52%; text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Outstanding as of January 1, 2025&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2,029,167&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; 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&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;195,542&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt; &lt;td style="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Issued&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-360"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-361"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-362"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-363"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt; &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Exercised&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(1,029,167&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;0.40&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-364"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-365"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt; &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Outstanding as of March 31, 2025&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;1,000,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;0.40&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;4.14&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;60,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/table&gt;


&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 0in"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;*&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;On January 5, 2025, the Company and Lind entered into a third letter agreement (the &#x201c;December Letter Agreement&#x201d;), pursuant to which Lind agreed to exercise for cash, 1,029,167 of the Existing Warrants to purchase shares of Common Stock, with a current exercise price of $0.75 per share, at a reduced exercise price of $0.40 per share. The weighted average exercise price per share as of December 31, 2024 was adjusted to the reduction accordingly.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
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      unitRef="usdPershares">2</us-gaap:WarrantExercisePriceIncrease>
    <us-gaap:FairValueAdjustmentOfWarrants contextRef="c250" decimals="0" id="ixv-47327" unitRef="usd">480795</us-gaap:FairValueAdjustmentOfWarrants>
    <us-gaap:CreditDerivativeTerm1 contextRef="c257" id="ixv-47328">P5Y</us-gaap:CreditDerivativeTerm1>
    <us-gaap:ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfSecuritiesCalledByWarrantsOrRights
      contextRef="c409"
      decimals="0"
      id="ixv-47329"
      unitRef="shares">1000000</us-gaap:ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfSecuritiesCalledByWarrantsOrRights>
    <us-gaap:ClassOfWarrantOrRightExercisePriceOfWarrantsOrRights1
      contextRef="c409"
      decimals="0"
      id="ixv-47330"
      unitRef="usdPershares">2</us-gaap:ClassOfWarrantOrRightExercisePriceOfWarrantsOrRights1>
    <us-gaap:SaleOfStockNumberOfSharesIssuedInTransaction
      contextRef="c410"
      decimals="0"
      id="ixv-47331"
      unitRef="shares">1000000</us-gaap:SaleOfStockNumberOfSharesIssuedInTransaction>
    <us-gaap:WarrantExercisePriceDecrease
      contextRef="c411"
      decimals="2"
      id="ixv-47332"
      unitRef="usdPershares">0.75</us-gaap:WarrantExercisePriceDecrease>
    <us-gaap:SaleOfStockNumberOfSharesIssuedInTransaction
      contextRef="c407"
      decimals="0"
      id="ixv-47333"
      unitRef="shares">1000000</us-gaap:SaleOfStockNumberOfSharesIssuedInTransaction>
    <us-gaap:DebtConversionConvertedInstrumentWarrantsOrOptionsIssued1
      contextRef="c412"
      decimals="0"
      id="ixv-47334"
      unitRef="shares">529167</us-gaap:DebtConversionConvertedInstrumentWarrantsOrOptionsIssued1>
    <us-gaap:DebtConversionConvertedInstrumentWarrantsOrOptionsIssued1
      contextRef="c413"
      decimals="0"
      id="ixv-47335"
      unitRef="shares">470833</us-gaap:DebtConversionConvertedInstrumentWarrantsOrOptionsIssued1>
    <us-gaap:WarrantExercisePriceDecrease
      contextRef="c407"
      decimals="2"
      id="ixv-47336"
      unitRef="usdPershares">0.75</us-gaap:WarrantExercisePriceDecrease>
    <us-gaap:ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfSecuritiesCalledByWarrantsOrRights
      contextRef="c414"
      decimals="0"
      id="ixv-47337"
      unitRef="shares">1000000</us-gaap:ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfSecuritiesCalledByWarrantsOrRights>
    <us-gaap:ClassOfWarrantOrRightExercisePriceOfWarrantsOrRights1
      contextRef="c415"
      decimals="2"
      id="ixv-47338"
      unitRef="usdPershares">1</us-gaap:ClassOfWarrantOrRightExercisePriceOfWarrantsOrRights1>
    <us-gaap:FairValueAdjustmentOfWarrants contextRef="c407" decimals="0" id="ixv-47339" unitRef="usd">925210</us-gaap:FairValueAdjustmentOfWarrants>
    <us-gaap:ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfSecuritiesCalledByEachWarrantOrRight
      contextRef="c416"
      decimals="0"
      id="ixv-47340"
      unitRef="shares">1000000</us-gaap:ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfSecuritiesCalledByEachWarrantOrRight>
    <us-gaap:SaleOfStockNumberOfSharesIssuedInTransaction
      contextRef="c417"
      decimals="0"
      id="ixv-47341"
      unitRef="shares">1000000</us-gaap:SaleOfStockNumberOfSharesIssuedInTransaction>
    <us-gaap:CommonStockSharesIssued
      contextRef="c418"
      decimals="0"
      id="ixv-47342"
      unitRef="shares">800000</us-gaap:CommonStockSharesIssued>
    <us-gaap:ProceedsFromRepaymentOfLoansToPurchaseCommonStock contextRef="c7" decimals="0" id="ixv-47343" unitRef="usd">800000</us-gaap:ProceedsFromRepaymentOfLoansToPurchaseCommonStock>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentConvertibleConversionPrice1
      contextRef="c419"
      decimals="2"
      id="ixv-47344"
      unitRef="usdPershares">1</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentConvertibleConversionPrice1>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentConvertibleConversionPrice1
      contextRef="c97"
      decimals="4"
      id="ixv-47345"
      unitRef="usdPershares">0.7907</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentConvertibleConversionPrice1>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentConvertibleConversionPrice1
      contextRef="c96"
      decimals="4"
      id="ixv-47346"
      unitRef="usdPershares">0.4932</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentConvertibleConversionPrice1>
    <us-gaap:RepaymentsOfConvertibleDebt contextRef="c7" decimals="0" id="ixv-47347" unitRef="usd">327017</us-gaap:RepaymentsOfConvertibleDebt>
    <us-gaap:RepaymentsOfConvertibleDebt contextRef="c243" decimals="0" id="ixv-47348" unitRef="usd">127759</us-gaap:RepaymentsOfConvertibleDebt>
    <us-gaap:DebtConversionConvertedInstrumentAmount1 contextRef="c627" decimals="0" id="ixv-47349" unitRef="usd">400000</us-gaap:DebtConversionConvertedInstrumentAmount1>
    <us-gaap:DebtConversionConvertedInstrumentAmount1 contextRef="c628" decimals="0" id="ixv-47350" unitRef="usd">200000</us-gaap:DebtConversionConvertedInstrumentAmount1>
    <us-gaap:ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfSecuritiesCalledByEachWarrantOrRight
      contextRef="c629"
      decimals="0"
      id="ixv-47351"
      unitRef="shares">400000</us-gaap:ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfSecuritiesCalledByEachWarrantOrRight>
    <us-gaap:DebtConversionConvertedInstrumentAmount1 contextRef="c630" decimals="0" id="ixv-47352" unitRef="usd">400000</us-gaap:DebtConversionConvertedInstrumentAmount1>
    <us-gaap:DebtConversionConvertedInstrumentAmount1 contextRef="c631" decimals="0" id="ixv-47353" unitRef="usd">200000</us-gaap:DebtConversionConvertedInstrumentAmount1>
    <us-gaap:ConversionOfStockSharesIssued1
      contextRef="c630"
      decimals="0"
      id="ixv-47354"
      unitRef="shares">400000</us-gaap:ConversionOfStockSharesIssued1>
    <us-gaap:DebtConversionConvertedInstrumentAmount1 contextRef="c632" decimals="0" id="ixv-47355" unitRef="usd">600000</us-gaap:DebtConversionConvertedInstrumentAmount1>
    <us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised
      contextRef="c633"
      decimals="0"
      id="ixv-47356"
      unitRef="shares">1029167</us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised>
    <us-gaap:WarrantExercisePriceIncrease
      contextRef="c634"
      decimals="2"
      id="ixv-47357"
      unitRef="usdPershares">0.75</us-gaap:WarrantExercisePriceIncrease>
    <us-gaap:WarrantExercisePriceDecrease
      contextRef="c635"
      decimals="2"
      id="ixv-47358"
      unitRef="usdPershares">0.4</us-gaap:WarrantExercisePriceDecrease>
    <us-gaap:ScheduleOfStockholdersEquityNoteWarrantsOrRightsTextBlock contextRef="c0" id="ixv-41689">&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Warrants issued and outstanding in connection
with above Lind convertible notes as of March 31, 2025, and their activities during the three-month period ended are as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Number of&lt;br/&gt; Underlying&lt;br/&gt; Shares&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Weighted-&lt;br/&gt; Average&lt;br/&gt; Exercise&lt;br/&gt; Price&lt;br/&gt; Per Share&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Weighted-&lt;br/&gt; Average&lt;br/&gt; Contractual&lt;br/&gt; Life&lt;br/&gt; Remaining&lt;br/&gt; in Years&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Aggregate&lt;br/&gt; Intrinsic&lt;br/&gt; Value&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt; &lt;td style="width: 52%; text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Outstanding as of January 1, 2025&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2,029,167&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;0.70&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;*&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;4.20&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;195,542&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt; &lt;td style="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Issued&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-360"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-361"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-362"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-363"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt; &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Exercised&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(1,029,167&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;0.40&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-364"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-365"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt; &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Outstanding as of March 31, 2025&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;1,000,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;0.40&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;4.14&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;60,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/table&gt;


&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 0in"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;*&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;On January 5, 2025, the Company and Lind entered into a third letter agreement (the &#x201c;December Letter Agreement&#x201d;), pursuant to which Lind agreed to exercise for cash, 1,029,167 of the Existing Warrants to purchase shares of Common Stock, with a current exercise price of $0.75 per share, at a reduced exercise price of $0.40 per share. The weighted average exercise price per share as of December 31, 2024 was adjusted to the reduction accordingly.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;</us-gaap:ScheduleOfStockholdersEquityNoteWarrantsOrRightsTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsOutstandingNumber
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    <us-gaap:DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsShareBasedPaymentsTextBlock contextRef="c0" id="ixv-41908">&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;13. STOCK OPTIONS&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The Company has &lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-376"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-377"&gt;not&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; granted any options during
three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024. The Company&#x2019;s most recent option grant was in 2022 that 76,190&#160;shares (post-split)
of common stock were granted to employees and certain consultants.&#160;The weighted average grant date fair value of options granted
in 2022 was $27.9 (post-split). There are 386,021&#160;options available for grant under the 2016 Equity Incentive Plan as of December
31, 2024. Compensation costs associated with the Company&#x2019;s stock options are recognized, based on the grant-date fair values of
these options over vesting period. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, there were &lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-378"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-379"&gt;no&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; unvested options.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Options issued and outstanding as of March
31, 2025, and their activities during the year then ended are as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Weighted-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Weighted-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Average&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Average&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Number&#160;of&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Exercise&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Contractual&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Underlying&lt;br/&gt; Shares&lt;br/&gt; (post-split)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Price&lt;br/&gt; Per&#160;Share&lt;br/&gt; (post-split)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Life&lt;br/&gt; Remaining&lt;br/&gt; in Years&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Aggregate&lt;br/&gt; Intrinsic&lt;br/&gt; Value&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt; &lt;td style="width: 52%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Outstanding as of January 1, 2025&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;258,710&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;27.9&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;6.74&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-366"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Granted&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-367"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-368"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-369"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt; &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Forfeited&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-370"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-371"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-372"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt; &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Outstanding as of March 31, 2025&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;258,710&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;27.9&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;6.50&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-373"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt; &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Exercisable as of March 31, 2025&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;258,710&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;27.9&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;6.50&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-374"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Vested and expected to vest&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;258,710&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;27.9&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;6.50&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-375"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/table&gt;</us-gaap:DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsShareBasedPaymentsTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross
      contextRef="c425"
      decimals="0"
      id="ixv-47370"
      unitRef="shares">76190</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross>
    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice
      contextRef="c425"
      decimals="1"
      id="ixv-47371"
      unitRef="usdPershares">27.9</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice>
    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAvailableForGrant
      contextRef="c426"
      decimals="0"
      id="ixv-47372"
      unitRef="shares">386021</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAvailableForGrant>
    <us-gaap:ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationStockOptionsActivityTableTextBlock contextRef="c0" id="ixv-41921">&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Options issued and outstanding as of March
31, 2025, and their activities during the year then ended are as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Weighted-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Weighted-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Average&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Average&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Number&#160;of&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Exercise&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Contractual&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Underlying&lt;br/&gt; Shares&lt;br/&gt; (post-split)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Price&lt;br/&gt; Per&#160;Share&lt;br/&gt; (post-split)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Life&lt;br/&gt; Remaining&lt;br/&gt; in Years&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Aggregate&lt;br/&gt; Intrinsic&lt;br/&gt; Value&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt; &lt;td style="width: 52%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Outstanding as of January 1, 2025&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;258,710&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;27.9&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;6.74&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-366"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Granted&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-367"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-368"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-369"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt; &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Forfeited&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-370"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-371"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-372"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt; &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Outstanding as of March 31, 2025&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;258,710&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;27.9&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;6.50&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-373"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt; &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Exercisable as of March 31, 2025&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;258,710&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;27.9&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;6.50&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-374"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Vested and expected to vest&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;258,710&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;27.9&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;6.50&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-375"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; 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      id="ixv-47378"
      unitRef="usdPershares">27.9</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageExercisePrice>
    <us-gaap:SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm1 contextRef="c0" id="ixv-42217">P6Y6M</us-gaap:SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm1>
    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedAndExpectedToVestOutstandingNumber
      contextRef="c5"
      decimals="INF"
      id="ixv-47379"
      unitRef="shares">258710</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedAndExpectedToVestOutstandingNumber>
    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedAndExpectedToVestOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice
      contextRef="c5"
      decimals="1"
      id="ixv-47380"
      unitRef="usdPershares">27.9</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedAndExpectedToVestOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice>
    <us-gaap:SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedAndExpectedToVestOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm1 contextRef="c0" id="ixv-42254">P6Y6M</us-gaap:SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedAndExpectedToVestOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm1>
    <us-gaap:EarningsPerShareTextBlock contextRef="c0" id="ixv-42271">&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;14. LOSS PER SHARE&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Basic loss per share is computed by dividing
net loss by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the year. Diluted loss per share is computed by dividing
net loss by the weighted-average number of common shares and dilutive potential common shares outstanding during the three months ended
March 31, 2025 and 2024.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Three Months &#160;Ended&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;March&#160;31,&lt;br/&gt; 2025&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;March&#160;31,&lt;br/&gt; 2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Numerator:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 76%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Net loss attributable to ABVC&#x2019;s common stockholders&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(842,075&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(2,834,199&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Denominator:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Weighted-average shares outstanding &#x2013; Basic &amp;amp; Diluted&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;14,968,232&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;9,736,150&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Loss per share&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;-Basic &amp;amp; Diluted&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(0.06&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(0.29&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Diluted loss per share takes into account
the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue Common Stock were exercised and converted into Common
Stock. Since the Company suffered net loss for both years, any diluted shares would have anti-diluted effect.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:EarningsPerShareTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:ScheduleOfEarningsPerShareBasicAndDilutedTableTextBlock contextRef="c0" id="ixv-47381">Diluted loss per share is computed by dividing
net loss by the weighted-average number of common shares and dilutive potential common shares outstanding during the three months ended
March 31, 2025 and 2024.&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Three Months &#160;Ended&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;March&#160;31,&lt;br/&gt; 2025&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;March&#160;31,&lt;br/&gt; 2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Numerator:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 76%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Net loss attributable to ABVC&#x2019;s common stockholders&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(842,075&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(2,834,199&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Denominator:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Weighted-average shares outstanding &#x2013; Basic &amp;amp; Diluted&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;14,968,232&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;9,736,150&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Loss per share&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;-Basic &amp;amp; Diluted&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(0.06&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(0.29&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;</us-gaap:ScheduleOfEarningsPerShareBasicAndDilutedTableTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss contextRef="c0" decimals="0" id="ixv-47382" unitRef="usd">-842075</us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss>
    <us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss contextRef="c9" decimals="0" id="ixv-47383" unitRef="usd">-2834199</us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss>
    <us-gaap:WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding
      contextRef="c0"
      decimals="INF"
      id="ixv-47384"
      unitRef="shares">14968232</us-gaap:WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding>
    <us-gaap:WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic
      contextRef="c0"
      decimals="INF"
      id="ixv-47385"
      unitRef="shares">14968232</us-gaap:WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic>
    <us-gaap:WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding
      contextRef="c9"
      decimals="INF"
      id="ixv-47386"
      unitRef="shares">9736150</us-gaap:WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding>
    <us-gaap:WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic
      contextRef="c9"
      decimals="INF"
      id="ixv-47387"
      unitRef="shares">9736150</us-gaap:WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic>
    <us-gaap:EarningsPerShareDiluted
      contextRef="c0"
      decimals="2"
      id="ixv-47388"
      unitRef="usdPershares">-0.06</us-gaap:EarningsPerShareDiluted>
    <us-gaap:EarningsPerShareBasic
      contextRef="c0"
      decimals="2"
      id="ixv-47389"
      unitRef="usdPershares">-0.06</us-gaap:EarningsPerShareBasic>
    <us-gaap:EarningsPerShareDiluted
      contextRef="c9"
      decimals="2"
      id="ixv-47390"
      unitRef="usdPershares">-0.29</us-gaap:EarningsPerShareDiluted>
    <us-gaap:EarningsPerShareBasic
      contextRef="c9"
      decimals="2"
      id="ixv-47391"
      unitRef="usdPershares">-0.29</us-gaap:EarningsPerShareBasic>
    <us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeasesTextBlock contextRef="c0" id="ixv-42496">&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;15. LEASE&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The Company adopted FASB Accounting Standards
Codification, Topic 842, Leases (&#x201c;ASC 842&#x201d;) using the modified retrospective approach, electing the practical expedient that
allows the Company not to restate its comparative periods prior to the adoption of the standard on January 1, 2019.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The Company applied the following practical
expedients in the transition to the new standard and allowed under ASC 842:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#x25cf;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Reassessment of expired
    or existing contracts: The Company elected not to reassess, at the application date, whether any expired or existing contracts contained
    leases, the lease classification for any expired or existing leases, and the accounting for initial direct costs for any existing
    leases.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#x25cf;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Use of hindsight: The
    Company elected to use hindsight in determining the lease term (that is, when considering options to extend or terminate the lease
    and to purchase the underlying asset) and in assessing impairment of right-to-use assets.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#x25cf;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Reassessment of existing
    or expired land easements: The Company elected not to evaluate existing or expired land easements that were not previously accounted
    for as leases under ASC 840, as allowed under the transition practical expedient. Going forward, new or modified land easements will
    be evaluated under ASU No. 2016-02.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#x25cf;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Separation of lease
    and non- lease components: Lease agreements that contain both lease and non-lease components are generally accounted for separately.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#x25cf;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Short-term lease recognition
    exemption: The Company also elected the short-term lease recognition exemption and will not recognize ROU assets or lease liabilities
    for leases with a term less than 12 months.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The new leasing standard requires recognition
of leases on the consolidated balance sheets as right-of-use (&#x201c;ROU&#x201d;) assets and lease liabilities. ROU assets represent the
Company&#x2019;s right to use underlying assets for the lease terms and lease liabilities represent the Company&#x2019;s obligation to
make lease payments arising from the leases. Operating lease ROU assets and operating lease liabilities are recognized based on the present
value and future minimum lease payments over the lease term at commencement date. The Company&#x2019;s future minimum based payments used
to determine the Company&#x2019;s lease liabilities mainly include minimum based rent payments. As most of Company&#x2019;s leases do not
provide an implicit rate, the Company uses its estimated incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at commencement
date in determining the present value of lease payments.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The Company recognized lease liabilities,
with corresponding ROU assets, based on the present value of unpaid lease payments for existing operating leases longer than twelve months.
The ROU assets were adjusted per ASC 842 transition guidance for existing lease-related balances of accrued and prepaid rent, unamortized
lease incentives provided by lessors, and restructuring liabilities. Operating lease cost is recognized as a single lease cost on a straight-line
basis over the lease term and is recorded in Selling, general and administrative expenses. Variable lease payments for common area maintenance,
property taxes and other operating expenses are recognized as expense in the period when the changes in facts and circumstances on which
the variable lease payments are based occur.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The Company has no finance leases. The Company&#x2019;s
leases primarily include various office and laboratory spaces, copy machine, and vehicles under various operating lease arrangements.
The Company&#x2019;s operating leases have remaining lease terms of up to approximately five years.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;March&#160;31,&lt;br/&gt; 2025&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;December&#x202f;31,&lt;br/&gt; 2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;ASSETS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 76%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Operating lease right-of-use assets&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;533,460&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;640,387&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;LIABILITIES&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Operating lease liabilities (current)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;366,475&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;403,581&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Operating lease liabilities (non-current)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;166,985&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;236,807&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Supplemental Information&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The following provides details of the Company&#x2019;s
lease expenses:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Three Months Ended&lt;br/&gt; March 31,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2025&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 76%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Operating lease expenses&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;117,166&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;98,502&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Other information related to leases is presented
below:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Three Months Ended&lt;br/&gt; March 31,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2025&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 76%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of operating lease liabilities&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;117,166&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;98,502&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;March&#160;31,&lt;br/&gt; 2025&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;December&#160;31,&lt;br/&gt; 2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Weighted Average Remaining Lease Term:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt; &lt;td style="width: 76%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Operating leases&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;2.43 years&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;2.48 years&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Weighted Average Discount Rate:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Operating leases&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;1.32&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;1.19&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The minimum future annual payments under non-cancellable
leases during the next five years and thereafter, at rates now in force, are as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Operating&lt;br/&gt; leases&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 88%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2025 (Excluding current period)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;302,071&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2026&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;104,849&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2027&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;46,699&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2028&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;46,699&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2029&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;46,699&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Thereafter&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-380"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Total future minimum lease payments, undiscounted&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;547,017&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Less: Imputed interest&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;(13,557&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Present value of future minimum lease payments&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;533,460&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;</us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeasesTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:LeaseCostTableTextBlock contextRef="c0" id="ixv-42571">&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;March&#160;31,&lt;br/&gt; 2025&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;December&#x202f;31,&lt;br/&gt; 2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;ASSETS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 76%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Operating lease right-of-use assets&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;533,460&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;640,387&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;LIABILITIES&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Operating lease liabilities (current)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;366,475&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;403,581&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Operating lease liabilities (non-current)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;166,985&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;236,807&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The following provides details of the Company&#x2019;s
lease expenses:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Three Months Ended&lt;br/&gt; March 31,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2025&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 76%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Operating lease expenses&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;117,166&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;98,502&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Other information related to leases is presented
below:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Three Months Ended&lt;br/&gt; March 31,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2025&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 76%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of operating lease liabilities&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;117,166&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;98,502&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;March&#160;31,&lt;br/&gt; 2025&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;December&#160;31,&lt;br/&gt; 2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Weighted Average Remaining Lease Term:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan="2" style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt; &lt;td style="width: 76%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Operating leases&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;2.43 years&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;2.48 years&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Weighted Average Discount Rate:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Operating leases&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;1.32&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;1.19&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/table&gt;</us-gaap:LeaseCostTableTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset contextRef="c5" decimals="0" id="ixv-47392" unitRef="usd">533460</us-gaap:OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset>
    <us-gaap:OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset contextRef="c1" decimals="0" id="ixv-47393" unitRef="usd">640387</us-gaap:OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset>
    <us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent contextRef="c5" decimals="0" id="ixv-47394" unitRef="usd">366475</us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent>
    <us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent contextRef="c1" decimals="0" id="ixv-47395" unitRef="usd">403581</us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent>
    <us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent contextRef="c5" decimals="0" id="ixv-47396" unitRef="usd">166985</us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent>
    <us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent contextRef="c1" decimals="0" id="ixv-47397" unitRef="usd">236807</us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent>
    <us-gaap:OperatingLeaseExpense contextRef="c0" decimals="0" id="ixv-47398" unitRef="usd">117166</us-gaap:OperatingLeaseExpense>
    <us-gaap:OperatingLeaseExpense contextRef="c9" decimals="0" id="ixv-47399" unitRef="usd">98502</us-gaap:OperatingLeaseExpense>
    <us-gaap:OperatingLeasePayments contextRef="c0" decimals="0" id="ixv-47400" unitRef="usd">117166</us-gaap:OperatingLeasePayments>
    <us-gaap:OperatingLeasePayments contextRef="c9" decimals="0" id="ixv-47401" unitRef="usd">98502</us-gaap:OperatingLeasePayments>
    <us-gaap:OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageRemainingLeaseTerm1 contextRef="c5" id="ixv-47402">P2Y5M4D</us-gaap:OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageRemainingLeaseTerm1>
    <us-gaap:OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageRemainingLeaseTerm1 contextRef="c1" id="ixv-47403">P2Y5M23D</us-gaap:OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageRemainingLeaseTerm1>
    <us-gaap:OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageDiscountRatePercent contextRef="c5" decimals="4" id="ixv-47404" unitRef="pure">0.0132</us-gaap:OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageDiscountRatePercent>
    <us-gaap:OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageDiscountRatePercent contextRef="c1" decimals="4" id="ixv-47405" unitRef="pure">0.0119</us-gaap:OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageDiscountRatePercent>
    <us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityMaturityTableTextBlock contextRef="c0" id="ixv-42916">&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;The minimum future annual payments under non-cancellable
leases during the next five years and thereafter, at rates now in force, are as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;Operating&lt;br/&gt; leases&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 88%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2025 (Excluding current period)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;302,071&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2026&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;104,849&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2027&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;46,699&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;2028&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
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&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"&gt;In the ordinary course of business, the Company
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contingent liabilities resulting from such claims, when a loss is assessed to be probable, and the amount of the loss is reasonably estimable.
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        <link:footnote id="ix_5_footnote" xlink:label="ix_5_footnote" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/footnote" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">BioFirst Corporation (the &#x201c;BioFirst&#x201d;):
The Company holds an equity interest in BioFirst Corporation, accounting for its equity interest using the equity method to accounts for its equity investment as prescribed in ASC 323, Investments&#x2014;Equity Method and Joint Ventures (&#x201c;ASC 323&#x201d;). Equity method adjustments include the Company&#x2019;s proportionate share of investee&#x2019;s income or loss and other adjustments required by the equity method. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company owns 18.68% and 18.68% common stock shares of BioFirst, respectively. The Company made a prepayment for equity investment in BioFirst to purchase additional shares to be issued by BioFirst in the aggregate amount of $2,688,578, recorded as prepayment for long-term investments as of December 31, 2022. On July 19, 2023, the Company successfully completed the registration process for this investment. The initial prepayment was $1,895,556, which is a portion of the prepayment as of December 31, 2022, and was converted into 994,450 shares of BioFirst stock. As of December 31, 2024, the amount of prepayment for long-term investments in Biofirst is $1,124,842.</link:footnote>
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        <link:footnote id="ix_6_footnote" xlink:label="ix_6_footnote" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/footnote" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Rgene Corporation (the &#x201c;Rgene&#x201d;)
Both Rgene and the Company are under common control by Dr. Tsung-Shann Jiang, the CEO and chairman of the BioLite Inc. Since Dr. Tsung-Shann Jiang is able to exercise significant influence, but not control, over the Rgene, the Company determined to use the equity method to accounts for its equity investment as prescribed in ASC 323, Investments&#x2014;Equity Method and Joint Ventures (&#x201c;ASC 323&#x201d;). Equity method adjustments include the Company&#x2019;s proportionate share of investee&#x2019;s income or loss and other adjustments required by the equity method. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company owns 26.65% and 26.65% common stock shares of Rgene, respectively.</link:footnote>
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        <link:loc
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        <link:footnote id="ix_7_footnote" xlink:label="ix_7_footnote" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/footnote" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">BioLite Japan K.K. (BioLite JP)
In October 2021, the Company, Lucidaim Co., Ltd., a Japanese corporation (&#x201c;Lucidaim,&#x201d; together with the Company, the &#x201c;Shareholders&#x201d;), and BioLite Japan K.K., a Japanese corporation (&#x201c;BioLite JP&#x201d;) entered into a Joint Venture Agreement. BioLite JP is a private limited company incorporated on December 18, 2018. The business of the joint venture is the research and development of drugs, medical device and digital media, investment, fund running and consulting, distribution and marketing of supplements carried on by BioLite JP and its subsidiaries in Japan, or any other territory or businesses. At the date of the Agreement, BioLite JP has 10,000 ordinary shares authorized, with 3,049 ordinary shares issued and outstanding (the &#x201c;Ordinary Shares&#x201d;). Pursuant to the Agreement and the related share transfer agreement, Lucidaim shall own 1,555 Ordinary Shares (51%) and the Company shall own 1,494 Ordinary Shares (49%). The Company paid $150,000 towards the setup of the joint venture; BioLite Japan&#x2019;s other shareholder also paid $150,000 after the Letter of Intent was signed. This prepayment is booked in prepayment for investment. As of December 31, 2024, the Company evaluated the investee&#x2019;s business and financial conditions and determined to fully impair such prepayment.</link:footnote>
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        <link:footnote id="ix_8_footnote" xlink:label="ix_8_footnote" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/footnote" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">ForSeeCon Eye Corporation (FEYE)
FEYE is a private company registered in the British Virgin Islands, focusing on the field of diagnosis and treatment of eye disorders, with its main product of Vitargus. The Company granted FEYE certain licensed products in exchange of FEYE ownership. See Note 4 for detail of such transactions.</link:footnote>
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        <link:footnote id="ix_9_footnote" xlink:label="ix_9_footnote" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/footnote" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">OncoX BioPharma, Inc. (OncoX)
OncoX is a private company registered in the British Virgin Islands, focusing on oncology trials and drug development across Asia-Pacific. The Company granted OncoX certain licensed products in exchange of OncoX&#x2019;s ownership. See Note 4 for detail of such transactions.</link:footnote>
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          xlink:label="ix_52_fact"
          xlink:type="locator"/>
        <link:footnote id="ix_13_footnote" xlink:label="ix_13_footnote" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/footnote" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">On February 24, 2015, BioLite Taiwan and BioHopeKing Corporation (the &#x201c;BHK&#x201d;) entered into a co-development agreement, (the &#x201c;BHK Co-Development Agreement&#x201d;, see Note 4). The development costs shall be shared 50/50 between BHK and the Company. Under the term of the agreement, BioLite issued relevant development cost to BHK. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, due from BHK was both NTD 3,941,299 (approximately $120,210 and $113,516, respectively). The business conditions of BHK deteriorated and as a result, the Company recognized expected credit losses of $120,210 for the year ended December 31, 2024.</link:footnote>
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          xlink:from="ix_51_fact"
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          xlink:type="arc"/>
        <link:footnoteArc
          xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/fact-footnote"
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        <link:loc
          xlink:href="#hidden-fact-293"
          xlink:label="hidden-fact-293"
          xlink:type="locator"/>
        <link:loc
          xlink:href="#ix_53_fact"
          xlink:label="ix_53_fact"
          xlink:type="locator"/>
        <link:footnote id="ix_14_footnote" xlink:label="ix_14_footnote" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/footnote" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">On April 11, 2024, May 10, 2024, August 15, 2024, and December 24, 2024, AiBtl received short-term loans from its founding shareholder, AiBtl Holding, for the principal amounts of $40,000, $60,000, $33,732, and $214,487, respectively, for the purpose of daily operations. These loans do not bear interest and are payable on demand.</link:footnote>
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        <link:loc
          xlink:href="#ix_54_fact"
          xlink:label="ix_54_fact"
          xlink:type="locator"/>
        <link:loc
          xlink:href="#ix_55_fact"
          xlink:label="ix_55_fact"
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        <link:footnote id="ix_15_footnote" xlink:label="ix_15_footnote" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/footnote" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US"><xhtml:span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Since 2019, the Jiangs advanced funds to the Company for working capital purpose. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the outstanding balance due to the Jiangs amounted to $274,170 and $19,789, respectively. These loans bear no interest and are due on demand.</xhtml:span></link:footnote>
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        <link:loc
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          xlink:label="ix_56_fact"
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        <link:loc
          xlink:href="#ix_57_fact"
          xlink:label="ix_57_fact"
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        <link:footnote id="ix_16_footnote" xlink:label="ix_16_footnote" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/footnote" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US"><xhtml:span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Since 2018, the Company&#x2019;s shareholders have advanced funds to the Company for working capital purpose. The advances bear interest rate around 12% per annum. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the outstanding principal and accrued interest was $172,112 and $152,382, respectively. Interest expenses in connection with these loans were $21,101 and $20,094 for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.</xhtml:span></link:footnote>
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        <link:loc
          xlink:href="#ix_59_fact"
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        <link:footnote id="ix_17_footnote" xlink:label="ix_17_footnote" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/footnote" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US"><xhtml:span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, due to Directors amounted to $8,526 and $1,322, respectively, were related to the daily operating expenses in 2024 and entity setup fee in 2023 paid by the Directors of AiBtl on behalf of the entity.</xhtml:span></link:footnote>
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        <link:footnote id="ix_18_footnote" xlink:label="ix_18_footnote" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/footnote" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US"><xhtml:span style="-keep: true">On January 5, 2025, the Company and Lind entered into a third letter agreement (the &#x201c;December Letter Agreement&#x201d;), pursuant to which Lind agreed to exercise for cash, 1,029,167 of the Existing Warrants to purchase shares of Common Stock, with a current exercise price of $0.75 per share, at a reduced exercise price of $0.40 per share. The weighted average exercise price per share as of December 31, 2024 was adjusted to the reduction accordingly.</xhtml:span></link:footnote>
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          xlink:href="#ix_62_fact"
          xlink:label="ix_62_fact"
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        <link:loc
          xlink:href="#hidden-fact-329"
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        <link:loc
          xlink:href="#ix_61_fact"
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        <link:footnote id="ix_19_footnote" xlink:label="ix_19_footnote" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/footnote" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US"><xhtml:span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Due to related parties previously reported amount was reclassified to financing activities based on current year&#x2019;s presentation.</xhtml:span></link:footnote>
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        <link:loc
          xlink:href="#ix_64_fact"
          xlink:label="ix_64_fact"
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        <link:loc
          xlink:href="#ix_63_fact"
          xlink:label="ix_63_fact"
          xlink:type="locator"/>
        <link:loc
          xlink:href="#ix_65_fact"
          xlink:label="ix_65_fact"
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        <link:footnote id="ix_20_footnote" xlink:label="ix_20_footnote" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/footnote" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US"><xhtml:span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">This company was acquired by Canal Biotech Corporation Inc. Our stock is in the process of replacement with the stock of the acquired company and the ownership percentage is subject to change.</xhtml:span></link:footnote>
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        <link:loc
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          xlink:label="ix_67_fact"
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        <link:loc
          xlink:href="#ix_66_fact"
          xlink:label="ix_66_fact"
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        <link:footnote id="ix_21_footnote" xlink:label="ix_21_footnote" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/footnote" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">BioFirst Corporation (the &#x201c;BioFirst&#x201d;):
The Company holds an equity interest in BioFirst Corporation, accounting for its equity interest using the equity method to accounts for its equity investment as prescribed in ASC 323, Investments&#x2014;Equity Method and Joint Ventures (&#x201c;ASC 323&#x201d;). Equity method adjustments include the Company&#x2019;s proportionate share of investee&#x2019;s income or loss and other adjustments required by the equity method. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company owns 18.68% and 18.68% common stock shares of BioFirst, respectively. The Company made a prepayment for equity investment in BioFirst to purchase additional shares to be issued by BioFirst in the aggregate amount of $2,688,578, recorded as prepayment for long-term investments as of December 31, 2022. On July 19, 2023, the Company successfully completed the registration process for this investment. The initial prepayment was $1,895,556, which is a portion of the prepayment as of December 31, 2022, and was converted into 994,450 shares of BioFirst stock. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the amount of prepayment for long-term investments in Biofirst is both $1,124,842.</link:footnote>
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        <link:loc
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        <link:loc
          xlink:href="#hidden-fact-342"
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        <link:footnote id="ix_22_footnote" xlink:label="ix_22_footnote" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/footnote" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Rgene Corporation (the &#x201c;Rgene&#x201d;)
As described in Note 4, the Company acquired 26.65% of Rgene&#x2019;s outstanding common shares since 2018 through multiple collaborative agreements, and has been accounting this equity investment with equity method as prescribed in ASC 323, Investments&#x2014;Equity Method and Joint Ventures (&#x201c;ASC 323&#x201d;). Equity method adjustments include the Company&#x2019;s proportionate share of investee&#x2019;s income or loss and other adjustments required by the equity method. Further, as disclosed in Note 10 Related Party Transactions, the Company entered a convertible loan agreement with Rgene in 2022 and has been working with Rgene to obtain approval for the Company to exercise the conversion from Department of Investment Review in Taiwan, a government agency reviews foreign investors conducting investment in Taiwan. In May 2024, the conversion request for the conversion was approved but the Company was not informed by Rgene until April 2025. The Company determined that the impact to the financial statements is immaterial and assumed the conversion was incurred on January 1, 2025. After the conversion, the Company owns 37% of outstanding shares of Rgene.</link:footnote>
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        <link:loc
          xlink:href="#ix_70_fact"
          xlink:label="ix_70_fact"
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        <link:loc
          xlink:href="#ix_69_fact"
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        <link:footnote id="ix_23_footnote" xlink:label="ix_23_footnote" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/footnote" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US"><xhtml:p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><xhtml:span style="-keep: true">On June 16, 2022, the Company entered into a one-year convertible loan agreement with Rgene, with a principal amount of $1,000,000 and made $500,000 to Rgene which bears interest at 5% per annum for the use of working capital that, if fully converted, would result in ABVC owning an additional 6.4% of Rgene. The Company may convert the Note at any time into shares of Rgene&#x2019;s common stock at either (i) a fixed conversion price equal to $1.00 per share or (ii) 20% discount of the stock price of the then most recent offering, whichever is lower; the conversion price is subject to adjustment as set forth in the Note. The Note includes standard events of default, as well as a cross-default provision pursuant to which a breach of the Service Agreement will trigger an event of default under the convertible note if not cured after 5 business days of written notice regarding the breach is provided. The loan was converted to Rgene&#x2019;s common stock in May 2024 but the Company was not informed until April 2025. Please see detail discussion in Note 7.</xhtml:span></xhtml:p><xhtml:p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><xhtml:span style="-keep: true">&#160;</xhtml:span></xhtml:p><xhtml:p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><xhtml:span style="-keep: true">As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the outstanding loan balance were $0 and $500,000; and accrued interest was $<xhtml:span style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-355">0and</xhtml:span> $63,819, respectively. Both principal and accrued interest were converted to Rgene&#x2019;s common stocks.</xhtml:span></xhtml:p><xhtml:p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><xhtml:span style="-keep: true">&#160;</xhtml:span></xhtml:p><xhtml:p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><xhtml:span style="-keep: true">As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company has other receivables amounted to $1,867 and $1,892, respectively, from Rgene due to daily operations.</xhtml:span></xhtml:p></link:footnote>
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          xlink:label="ix_72_fact"
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        <link:loc
          xlink:href="#ix_71_fact"
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        <link:footnote id="ix_24_footnote" xlink:label="ix_24_footnote" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/footnote" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">On December&#160;31, 2023, BioLite Taiwan entered into a loan agreement with BioFirst, with a principal amount of NTD 11,072,360 (approximately $337,707), which bears interest at 12% per annum for the use of working capital. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company entered into another loan agreement with BioFirst, with a principal amount of NTD 11,406,000 (approximately $347,883), which bears interest at 12% per annum for the use of working capital. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the outstanding loan balance were NTD 15,458,360 (approximately $465,297) and NTD 17,571,076 (approximately $535,918), respectively; accrued interests were$68,971 and $53,422, respectively. The Company has received NTD 2,080,000 (approximately $64,896) and $0 repayment during the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.</link:footnote>
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          xlink:label="ix_74_fact"
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        <link:loc
          xlink:href="#ix_73_fact"
          xlink:label="ix_73_fact"
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        <link:footnote id="ix_25_footnote" xlink:label="ix_25_footnote" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/footnote" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US"><xhtml:p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><xhtml:span style="-keep: true">On July 1, 2020, the Company entered into a loan agreement with BioFirst (Australia) for $361,487 to properly record R&amp;D cost and tax refund allocation based on co-development contract executed on July 24, 2017. The loan was originally set to be mature on September 30, 2021 with an interest rate of 6.5% per annum, but on September 7, 2021, the Company entered into a loan agreement with BioFirst (Australia) for $67,873 to meet its new project needs. On July 27, 2021, the Company repaid a loan 249,975 to BioFirst (Australia). On December 1, 2021, the Company entered into a loan agreement with BioFirst (Australia) for $250,000 to increase the cost for upcoming projects. The loan will be matured on November 30, 2022 with an interest rate of 6.5% per annum. In 2022, the Company entered into several loan agreements with BioFirst (Australia) for a total amount of $507,000 to increase the cost for upcoming projects. &#160;During the first quarter of 2023, the Company entered into several loan agreements with BioFirst (Australia) for a total amount of $88,091 to increase the cost for upcoming projects. During the second quarter of 2023, the Company entered into several loan agreements with BioFirst (Australia) for a total amount of $25,500 to increase the cost for upcoming projects. All the loans period was twelve months with an interest rate of 6.5% per annum. For accounting purpose, the due from and due to related party balances was being net off. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the outstanding loan balances and allocated research fee were both amounted to $681,185, and accrued interest balances were both amounted $158,798.</xhtml:span></xhtml:p><xhtml:p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><xhtml:span style="-keep: true">&#160;</xhtml:span></xhtml:p><xhtml:p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><xhtml:span style="-keep: true">The business conditions of BioFirst (Australia) deteriorated and, as a result, the Company recognized expected credit losses of $839,983 for the year ended December 31, 2023. The Company stopped accruing interest income recognizing such losses.</xhtml:span></xhtml:p></link:footnote>
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        <link:loc
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        <link:footnote id="ix_26_footnote" xlink:label="ix_26_footnote" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/footnote" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US"><xhtml:span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On February 24, 2015, BioLite Taiwan and BioHopeKing Corporation (the &#x201c;BHK&#x201d;) entered into a co-development agreement, (the &#x201c;BHK Co-Development Agreement&#x201d;, see Note 4). The development costs shall be shared 50/50 between BHK and the Company. Under the term of the agreement, BioLite issued relevant development cost to BHK. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, due from BHK was both NTD 3,941,299 (approximately$118,633 and $120,210, respectively). The business conditions of BHK deteriorated and as a result, the Company recognized expected credit losses of NTD 3,941,299 as of December 31, 2024. No recovery was made during three months ended March 31, 2025.</xhtml:span></link:footnote>
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        <link:footnote id="ix_27_footnote" xlink:label="ix_27_footnote" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/footnote" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">On April 11, 2024, May 10, 2024, August 15, 2024, and December 24, 2024, AiBtl received short-term loans from its founding shareholder, AiBtl Holding, for the principal amounts of $40,000, $60,000, $33,732, and $214,487, respectively, for the purpose of daily operations. These loans do not bear interest and are payable on demand.</link:footnote>
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        <link:loc
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        <link:footnote id="ix_28_footnote" xlink:label="ix_28_footnote" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/footnote" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US"><xhtml:span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Since 2019, the Jiangs advanced funds to the Company for working capital purpose. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the outstanding balance due to the Jiangs amounted to $222,522 and $274,170, respectively. These loans bear no interest and are due on demand.</xhtml:span></link:footnote>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Document And Entity Information<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">3 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Mar. 31, 2025</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentInformationLineItems', window );"><strong>Document Information Line Items</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey', window );">Entity Central Index Key</a></td>
<td class="text">0001173313<span></span>
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</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentType', window );">Document Type</a></td>
<td class="text">POS AM<span></span>
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<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName', window );">Entity Registrant Name</a></td>
<td class="text">ABVC BIOPHARMA, INC.<span></span>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode', window );">Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code</a></td>
<td class="text">NV<span></span>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityFilerCategory', window );">Entity Filer Category</a></td>
<td class="text">Non-accelerated Filer<span></span>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntitySmallBusiness', window );">Entity Small Business</a></td>
<td class="text">true<span></span>
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<td class="text">false<span></span>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_AmendmentDescription', window );">Amendment Description</a></td>
<td class="text">This Post-Effective Amendment No. 1 (this
&#8220;Amendment&#8221;) to the Registration Statement on Form S-1, as amended (SEC File No. 333-280411) (the &#8220;Original Registration
Statement&#8221;), of ABVC BioPharma, Inc. (the &#8220;Company&#8221;) is being filed pursuant to the undertakings in the Original Registration
Statement to update and supplement the information contained in the Original Registration Statement, which was originally declared effective
by the Securities and Exchange Commission on July 1, 2024.For the convenience of the reader, this Amendment
sets forth the Original Registration Statement in its entirety, as amended by this Amendment. This Amendment is being filed to incorporate
certain information from the Company&#8217;s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended March 31, 2025 and Annual Report
on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024 filed with the SEC on April 30, 2025 and April 15, 2025, and to update certain other
information in the Registration Statement.No additional securities are being registered
under this Post-Effective Amendment No. 1. All applicable registration fees were previously paid.Pursuant to Section 84001 of the FAST Act,
all documents subsequently filed by us pursuant to Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14, or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended,
after the date of this Post-Effective Amendment and prior to the termination of the offering covered hereby shall also be deemed to be
incorporated by reference into this Post-Effective Amendment and to be a part hereof from the date of filing of such documents.<span></span>
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<td class="text">true<span></span>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Description of changes contained within amended document.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the XBRL content amends previously-filed or accepted submission.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The type of document being provided (such as 10-K, 10-Q, 485BPOS, etc). The document type is limited to the same value as the supporting SEC submission type, or the word 'Other'.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>A unique 10-digit SEC-issued value to identify entities that have filed disclosures with the SEC. It is commonly abbreviated as CIK.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate if registrant meets the emerging growth company criteria.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate whether the registrant is one of the following: Large Accelerated Filer, Accelerated Filer, Non-accelerated Filer. Definitions of these categories are stated in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. This information should be based on the registrant's current or most recent filing containing the related disclosure.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Two-character EDGAR code representing the state or country of incorporation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The exact name of the entity filing the report as specified in its charter, which is required by forms filed with the SEC.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
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</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntitySmallBusiness">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicates that the company is a Smaller Reporting Company (SRC).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntitySmallBusiness</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>125
<FILENAME>R2.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
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<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th">
<div>Mar. 31, 2025 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">
<div>Dec. 31, 2024 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">
<div>Dec. 31, 2023 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract', window );"><strong>Current Assets</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue', window );">Cash and cash equivalents</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 152,206<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 248,382<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">$ 60,155<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RestrictedCashCurrent', window );">Restricted cash</a></td>
<td class="nump">607,362<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">615,433<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">656,625<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InventoryNet', window );">Inventories</a></td>
<td class="nump">11,460<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNetCurrent', window );">Accounts receivable, net</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">1,530<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShortTermInvestments', window );">Short-term investments</a></td>
<td class="nump">65,052<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">64,736<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">79,312<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent', window );">Prepaid expense and other current assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">96,362<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">96,213<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">101,051<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AssetsCurrent', window );">Total Current Assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,469,561<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,179,815<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">1,656,709<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet', window );">Property and equipment, net</a></td>
<td class="nump">8,168,746<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">511,088<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">569,278<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset', window );">Operating lease right-of-use assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">533,460<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">640,387<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">809,283<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LongTermInvestments', window );">Long-term investments</a></td>
<td class="nump">2,760,062<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,258,754<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">2,527,740<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_PrepaymentForLongtermInvestmentsNoncurrent', window );">Prepayment for long-term investments</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,124,842<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,124,842<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">1,274,842<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsNoncurrent', window );">Prepayment for asset acquisition</a></td>
<td class="nump">691,900<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">691,900<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">691,900<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent', window );">Other non-current assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">127,128<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">133,121<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">141,231<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Assets', window );">Total Assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">14,875,699<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">7,539,907<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">7,784,499<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract', window );"><strong>Current Liabilities</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShortTermBorrowings', window );">Short-term bank and other loans</a></td>
<td class="nump">801,407<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">840,252<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">899,250<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccountsPayableAndOtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent', window );">Accrued expenses and other current liabilities</a></td>
<td class="nump">3,826,819<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,509,422<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">3,548,352<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent', window );">Contract liabilities</a></td>
<td class="nump">81,115<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">81,115<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">79,500<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TaxesPayableCurrent', window );">Taxes payables</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">112,946<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent', window );">Operating lease liabilities</a></td>
<td class="nump">366,475<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">403,581<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">401,826<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent', window );">Total Current Liabilities</a></td>
<td class="nump">6,730,739<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">6,557,461<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">6,101,889<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SecurityDepositLiability', window );">Tenant security deposit</a></td>
<td class="nump">21,680<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">21,680<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">21,680<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent', window );">Operating lease liability &#8211; non-current</a></td>
<td class="nump">166,985<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">236,807<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">407,457<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Liabilities', window );">Total Liabilities</a></td>
<td class="nump">6,919,404<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">6,815,948<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">6,531,026<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingencies', window );">COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EquityAbstract', window );"><strong>Equity</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PreferredStockValue', window );">Preferred stock, $0.001 par value, 20,000,000 authorized, nil shares issued and outstanding</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockValue', window );">Common stock, value</a></td>
<td class="nump">15,378<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">13,868<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="nump">7,940<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_StockSubscriptionReceivedInAdvance', window );">Stock to be issued</a></td>
<td class="nump">31,040<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">31,040<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapital', window );">Additional paid-in capital</a></td>
<td class="nump">83,615,369<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">78,595,065<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">73,978,380<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit', window );">Accumulated deficit</a></td>
<td class="num">(69,791,882)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(68,949,807)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="num">(64,046,929)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax', window );">Accumulated other comprehensive income</a></td>
<td class="nump">444,172<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">445,665<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">516,387<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TreasuryStockValue', window );">Treasury stock</a></td>
<td class="num">(8,909,691)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(8,909,691)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="num">(8,901,668)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquity', window );">Total Stockholders&#8217; equity</a></td>
<td class="nump">5,404,386<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,226,140<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">1,554,110<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_MinorityInterest', window );">Noncontrolling interest</a></td>
<td class="nump">2,551,909<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(502,181)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="num">(300,637)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest', window );">Total Equity</a></td>
<td class="nump">7,956,295<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">723,959<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">1,253,473<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity', window );">Total Liabilities and Equity</a></td>
<td class="nump">14,875,699<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">7,539,907<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">7,784,499<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=us-gaap_RelatedPartyMember', window );">Related Party</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract', window );"><strong>Current Assets</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccountsAndOtherReceivablesNetCurrent', window );">Accounts receivable - related parties, net</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">10,463<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherReceivablesNetCurrent', window );">Due from related parties</a></td>
<td class="nump">537,119<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,155,051<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">747,573<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherReceivableAfterAllowanceForCreditLossNoncurrent', window );">Due from related parties - non-current, net</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">113,516<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract', window );"><strong>Current Liabilities</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesCurrent', window );">Due to related parties</a></td>
<td class="nump">819,384<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">773,045<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">173,493<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ConvertibleNotesPayableCurrent', window );">Convertible notes payable &#8211; third parties, net</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 835,539<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 950,046<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">$ 886,522<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="6"></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="6"><table class="outerFootnotes" width="100%"><tr class="outerFootnote">
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 12pt;" valign="top">[1]</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;" valign="top"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Prior period results have been adjusted to reflect the 1-for-10 reverse stock split effected on July 25, 2023.</span></td>
</tr></table></td></tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_abvc_PrepaymentForLongtermInvestmentsNoncurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Prepayment for long-term investments noncurrent.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">abvc_PrepaymentForLongtermInvestmentsNoncurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>abvc_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_abvc_StockSubscriptionReceivedInAdvance">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The amount of stock subscription received in advance.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">abvc_StockSubscriptionReceivedInAdvance</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>abvc_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AccountsAndOtherReceivablesNetCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, after allowance, receivable from customers, clients, or other third-parties, and receivables classified as other due within one year or the normal operating cycle, if longer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AccountsAndOtherReceivablesNetCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AccountsPayableAndOtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of liabilities incurred to vendors for goods and services received, and accrued liabilities classified as other, payable within one year or the normal operating cycle, if longer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AccountsPayableAndOtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNetCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, after allowance for credit loss, of right to consideration from customer for product sold and service rendered in normal course of business, classified as current.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 310<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481990/310-10-45-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNetCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, after tax, of accumulated increase (decrease) in equity from transaction and other event and circumstance from nonowner source.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 14A<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482790/220-10-45-14A<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 11<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482790/220-10-45-11<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 815<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480870/815-30-50-2<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 65<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (g)(2)(ii)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480016/944-40-65-2<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 65<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (h)(2)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480016/944-40-65-2<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(30)(a)(4))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(23)(a)(3))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478777/944-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 8: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 14<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482790/220-10-45-14<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapital">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of excess of issue price over par or stated value of stock and from other transaction involving stock or stockholder. Includes, but is not limited to, additional paid-in capital (APIC) for common and preferred stock.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481372/852-10-55-10<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-04(18))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479170/946-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(30)(a)(1))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapital</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_Assets">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of asset recognized for present right to economic benefit.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 235<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-05(b)(1))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477314/942-235-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 235<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478671/942-235-S50-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480738/235-10-S50-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_Assets</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AssetsCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of asset recognized for present right to economic benefit, classified as current.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480738/235-10-S50-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(g)(1)(i))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 825<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (f)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482907/825-10-50-28<br><br>Reference 4: 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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AssetsCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of short-term, highly liquid investments that are both readily convertible to known amounts of cash and so near their maturity that they present insignificant risk of changes in value because of changes in interest rates. Excludes cash and cash equivalents within disposal group and discontinued operation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(2))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478777/944-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(1))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingencies">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Represents the caption on the face of the balance sheet to indicate that the entity has entered into (1) purchase or supply arrangements that will require expending a portion of its resources to meet the terms thereof, and (2) is exposed to potential losses or, less frequently, gains, arising from (a) possible claims against a company's resources due to future performance under contract terms, and (b) possible losses or likely gains from uncertainties that will ultimately be resolved when one or more future events that are deemed likely to occur do occur or fail to occur.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-03(17))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478546/942-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(25))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(19))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478777/944-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-04(15))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479170/946-210-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingencies</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CommonStockValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Aggregate par or stated value of issued nonredeemable common stock (or common stock redeemable solely at the option of the issuer). This item includes treasury stock repurchased by the entity. Note: elements for number of nonredeemable common shares, par value and other disclosure concepts are in another section within stockholders' equity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 480<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S45<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479887/480-10-S45-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 480<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (01)(iii)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480244/480-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481372/852-10-55-10<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(22))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478777/944-210-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CommonStockValue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of obligation to transfer good or service to customer for which consideration has been received or is receivable, classified as current.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 11<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-11<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479837/606-10-45-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-8<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479837/606-10-45-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ConvertibleNotesPayableCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Carrying value as of the balance sheet date of the portion of long-term debt due within one year or the operating cycle if longer identified as Convertible Notes Payable. Convertible Notes Payable is a written promise to pay a note which can be exchanged for a specified amount of another, related security, at the option of the issuer and the holder.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(20))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ConvertibleNotesPayableCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EquityAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EquityAbstract</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_InventoryNet">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount after valuation and LIFO reserves of inventory expected to be sold, or consumed within one year or operating cycle, if longer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481372/852-10-55-10<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483467/210-10-45-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(6))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_InventoryNet</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_Liabilities">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of liability recognized for present obligation requiring transfer or otherwise providing economic benefit to others.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of liabilities and equity items, including the portion of equity attributable to noncontrolling interests, if any.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Total obligations incurred as part of normal operations that are expected to be paid during the following twelve months or within one business cycle, if longer.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
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</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LongTermInvestments">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The total amount of investments that are intended to be held for an extended period of time (longer than one operating cycle).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(12))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LongTermInvestments</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_MinorityInterest">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of equity (deficit) attributable to noncontrolling interest. Excludes temporary equity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480738/235-10-S50-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(g)(1)(i))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 825<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (f)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482907/825-10-50-28<br><br>Reference 4: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(31))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(g)(1)(ii))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 323<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481687/323-10-50-3<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(24))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478777/944-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-04(19))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479170/946-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(4)(i))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480097/470-10-S99-1A<br><br>Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(4)(iv))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480097/470-10-S99-1A<br><br>Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(5))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480097/470-10-S99-1A<br><br>Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(4)(i))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480097/470-10-S99-1B<br><br>Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(4)(iv))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480097/470-10-S99-1B<br><br>Reference 14: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(5))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480097/470-10-S99-1B<br><br>Reference 15: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-03(22))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478546/942-210-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_MinorityInterest</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Present value of lessee's discounted obligation for lease payments from operating lease, classified as current.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479041/842-20-45-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Present value of lessee's discounted obligation for lease payments from operating lease, classified as noncurrent.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479041/842-20-45-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of lessee's right to use underlying asset under operating lease.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479041/842-20-45-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of noncurrent assets classified as other.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(17))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of liabilities classified as other, due within one year or the normal operating cycle, if longer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(20))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481372/852-10-55-10<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherReceivableAfterAllowanceForCreditLossNoncurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, after allowance for credit loss, of receivable classified as other and noncurrent.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(17))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherReceivableAfterAllowanceForCreditLossNoncurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherReceivablesNetCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, after allowance, of receivables classified as other, due within one year or the operating cycle, if longer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherReceivablesNetCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PreferredStockValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Aggregate par or stated value of issued nonredeemable preferred stock (or preferred stock redeemable solely at the option of the issuer). This item includes treasury stock repurchased by the entity. Note: elements for number of nonredeemable preferred shares, par value and other disclosure concepts are in another section within stockholders' equity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 480<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S45<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479887/480-10-S45-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 480<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (01)(ii)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480244/480-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(28))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481372/852-10-55-10<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(21))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478777/944-210-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PreferredStockValue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of asset related to consideration paid in advance for costs that provide economic benefits in future periods, and amount of other assets that are expected to be realized or consumed within one year or the normal operating cycle, if longer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(9))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsNoncurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of asset related to consideration paid in advance for costs that provide economic benefits in future periods, and amount of other assets that are expected to be realized or consumed after one year or the normal operating cycle, if longer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-03(10))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478546/942-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(18))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsNoncurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount after accumulated depreciation, depletion and amortization of physical assets used in the normal conduct of business to produce goods and services and not intended for resale. Examples include, but are not limited to, land, buildings, machinery and equipment, office equipment, and furniture and fixtures.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 360<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482099/360-10-50-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 7A<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478964/842-20-50-7A<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481372/852-10-55-10<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(8))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478777/944-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 360<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478451/942-360-50-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RestrictedCashCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash restricted as to withdrawal or usage, classified as current. Cash includes, but is not limited to, currency on hand, demand deposits with banks or financial institutions, and other accounts with general characteristics of demand deposits.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(1))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482913/230-10-50-8<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RestrictedCashCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of accumulated undistributed earnings (deficit).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(30)(a)(3))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481372/852-10-55-10<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 65<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (g)(2)(i)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480016/944-40-65-2<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 65<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (h)(2)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480016/944-40-65-2<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 11<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480990/946-20-50-11<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(23)(a)(4))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478777/944-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-04(17))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479170/946-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 8: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480008/505-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_SecurityDepositLiability">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>This element represents money paid in advance to protect the provider of a product or service, such as a lessor, against damage or nonpayment by the buyer or tenant (lessee) during the term of the agreement. Such damages may include physical damage to the property, theft of property, and other contractual breaches. Security deposits held may be interest or noninterest bearing.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SecurityDepositLiability</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShortTermBorrowings">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Reflects the total carrying amount as of the balance sheet date of debt having initial terms less than one year or the normal operating cycle, if longer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(19)(a))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-03(13))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478546/942-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481372/852-10-55-10<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(16)(a)(1))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478777/944-210-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShortTermBorrowings</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShortTermInvestments">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of investments including trading securities, available-for-sale securities, held-to-maturity securities, and short-term investments classified as other and current.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-03(4))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478546/942-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-03(5))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478546/942-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(8))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShortTermInvestments</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquity">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of equity (deficit) attributable to parent. Excludes temporary equity and equity attributable to noncontrolling interest.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480738/235-10-S50-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(g)(1)(i))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 825<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (f)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482907/825-10-50-28<br><br>Reference 4: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 5: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(30))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 6: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(31))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481372/852-10-55-10<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 830<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 12<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479168/946-830-55-12<br><br>Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-04(19))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479170/946-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-05(4))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479170/946-210-S99-2<br><br>Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-09(4)(b))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479134/946-220-S99-3<br><br>Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-09(6))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479134/946-220-S99-3<br><br>Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-09(7))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479134/946-220-S99-3<br><br>Reference 14: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(g)(1)(ii))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 15: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 323<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481687/323-10-50-3<br><br>Reference 16: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 310<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 4.E)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480418/310-10-S99-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockholdersEquity</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of equity (deficit) attributable to parent and noncontrolling interest. Excludes temporary equity.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Carrying value as of the balance sheet date of obligations incurred and payable for statutory income, sales, use, payroll, excise, real, property and other taxes. Used to reflect the current portion of the liabilities (due within one year or within the normal operating cycle if longer).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(20))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(19))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_TaxesPayableCurrent</td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The amount allocated to treasury stock. Treasury stock is common and preferred shares of an entity that were issued, repurchased by the entity, and are held in its treasury.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(30))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481520/505-30-50-4<br><br>Reference 4: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481549/505-30-45-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_TreasuryStockValue</td>
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<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=us-gaap_RelatedPartyMember</td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parentheticals) - $ / shares<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Mar. 31, 2025</div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementOfFinancialPositionAbstract', window );"><strong>Liquidity, Going Concern, and Restatement [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PreferredStockParOrStatedValuePerShare', window );">Preferred stock, par value (in Dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.001<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.001<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.001<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
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<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesAuthorized', window );">Preferred stock, shares authorized</a></td>
<td class="nump">20,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">20,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">20,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
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<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesIssued', window );">Preferred stock, shares issued</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesOutstanding', window );">Preferred stock, shares outstanding</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare', window );">Common stock, par value (in Dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.001<span></span>
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<td class="nump">$ 0.001<span></span>
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<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.001<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesAuthorized', window );">Common stock, shares authorized</a></td>
<td class="nump">100,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">100,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="nump">100,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
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<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued', window );">Common stock, shares issued</a></td>
<td class="nump">15,378,305<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">13,868,484<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="nump">7,940,298<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
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<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding', window );">Common stock, shares outstanding</a></td>
<td class="nump">15,378,305<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">13,868,484<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="nump">7,940,298<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="6"></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="6"><table class="outerFootnotes" width="100%"><tr class="outerFootnote">
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 12pt;" valign="top">[1]</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;" valign="top"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Prior period results have been adjusted to reflect the 1-for-10 reverse stock split effected on July 25, 2023.</span></td>
</tr></table></td></tr>
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<div style="display: none;">
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Face amount or stated value per share of common stock.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesAuthorized">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The maximum number of common shares permitted to be issued by an entity's charter and bylaws.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-04(16)(a))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479170/946-210-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CommonStockSharesAuthorized</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued">
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Total number of common shares of an entity that have been sold or granted to shareholders (includes common shares that were issued, repurchased and remain in the treasury). These shares represent capital invested by the firm's shareholders and owners, and may be all or only a portion of the number of shares authorized. Shares issued include shares outstanding and shares held in the treasury.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of shares of common stock outstanding. Common stock represent the ownership interest in a corporation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 505<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-05(4))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479170/946-210-S99-2<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-09(4)(b))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479134/946-220-S99-3<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-04(16)(a))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479170/946-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-09(7))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479134/946-220-S99-3<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PreferredStockParOrStatedValuePerShare">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Face amount or stated value per share of preferred stock nonredeemable or redeemable solely at the option of the issuer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(28))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 13<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-13<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PreferredStockParOrStatedValuePerShare</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesAuthorized">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The maximum number of nonredeemable preferred shares (or preferred stock redeemable solely at the option of the issuer) permitted to be issued by an entity's charter and bylaws.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(28))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-04(16)(a))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479170/946-210-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesAuthorized</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesIssued">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of shares issued for nonredeemable preferred shares and preferred shares redeemable solely at option of issuer. Includes, but is not limited to, preferred shares issued, repurchased, and held as treasury shares. Excludes preferred shares classified as debt.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(28))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 13<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-13<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesIssued</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesOutstanding">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Aggregate share number for all nonredeemable preferred stock (or preferred stock redeemable solely at the option of the issuer) held by stockholders. Does not include preferred shares that have been repurchased.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(28))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-05(4))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479170/946-210-S99-2<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-09(4)(b))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479134/946-220-S99-3<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-04(16)(a))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479170/946-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-09(7))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479134/946-220-S99-3<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesOutstanding</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementOfFinancialPositionAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementOfFinancialPositionAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss - USD ($)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">3 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="4">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Mar. 31, 2025</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Mar. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeStatementAbstract', window );"><strong>Income Statement [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Revenues', window );">Revenues</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,205<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 509,589<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">$ 152,430<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CostOfRevenue', window );">Cost of revenues</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">277<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">763<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">302,037<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_GrossProfit', window );">Gross (loss) profit</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">928<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">508,826<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="num">(149,607)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingExpensesAbstract', window );"><strong>Operating expenses</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense', window );">Selling, general and administrative expenses</a></td>
<td class="nump">615,371<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">738,486<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,261,336<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">5,368,278<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense', window );">Research and development expenses</a></td>
<td class="nump">28,861<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">69,066<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">179,272<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">1,062,916<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation', window );">Stock-based compensation</a></td>
<td class="nump">48,773<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,031,631<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,773,460<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">185,933<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingExpenses', window );">Total operating expenses</a></td>
<td class="nump">693,005<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,839,183<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">5,214,068<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">6,617,127<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss', window );">Loss from operations</a></td>
<td class="num">(693,005)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(2,838,255)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(4,705,242)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="num">(6,766,734)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NonoperatingIncomeExpenseAbstract', window );"><strong>Other income (expense)</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InvestmentIncomeInterest', window );">Interest income</a></td>
<td class="nump">19,071<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">4,049<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">87,358<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">185,481<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InterestExpenseNonoperating', window );">Interest expense</a></td>
<td class="num">(222,967)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(181,676)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(825,899)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="num">(1,313,671)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SubleaseIncome', window );">Operating sublease income</a></td>
<td class="nump">12,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">8,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">48,478<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">65,900<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossBeforeTax', window );">Gain (loss) on foreign exchange changes</a></td>
<td class="num">(9,912)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">60,730<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(25,135)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">22,690<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_GainLossOnInvestments', window );">Loss on investment in equity securities</a></td>
<td class="num">(50,877)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(339,171)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="num">(221,888)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_WriteOffUnclaimedAccruedLiabilites', window );">Write off unclaimed accrued liabilities</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">255,592<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherNonoperatingIncomeExpense', window );">Other income (expenses)</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,500<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">19,485<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">134,443<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">3,384<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NonoperatingIncomeExpense', window );">Total other income (expenses)</a></td>
<td class="num">(251,185)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(89,412)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(664,334)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="num">(1,258,104)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest', window );">Loss before provision income tax</a></td>
<td class="num">(944,190)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(2,927,667)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(5,369,576)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="num">(8,024,838)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit', window );">Provision for income tax expense</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(110,539)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">256,006<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProfitLoss', window );">Net loss</a></td>
<td class="num">(944,190)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(2,927,667)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(5,259,037)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="num">(8,280,844)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest', window );">Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests</a></td>
<td class="num">(102,115)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(93,468)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(356,159)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="num">(492,794)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss', window );">Net loss attributed to ABVC and subsidiaries</a></td>
<td class="num">(842,075)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(2,834,199)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(4,902,878)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="num">(7,788,050)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTax', window );">Foreign currency translation adjustment</a></td>
<td class="num">(1,493)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(48,236)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(70,722)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="num">(741)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax', window );">Comprehensive loss</a></td>
<td class="num">$ (843,568)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (2,882,435)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (4,973,600)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="num">$ (7,788,791)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareAbstract', window );"><strong>Net loss per share:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasic', window );">Net loss per share, Basic (in Dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="num">$ (0.06)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (0.29)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (0.42)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="num">$ (1.8)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareDiluted', window );">Net loss per share, Diluted (in Dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="num">$ (0.06)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (0.29)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (0.42)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="num">$ (1.8)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_WeightedAverageNumberOfCommonSharesOutstanding1Abstract', window );"><strong>Weighted average number of common shares outstanding (1):</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic', window );">Weighted average number of common shares outstanding, Basic (in Shares)</a></td>
<td class="nump">14,968,232<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">9,736,150<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">11,673,980<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="nump">4,335,650<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding', window );">Weighted average number of common shares outstanding, Diluted (in Shares)</a></td>
<td class="nump">14,968,232<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">9,736,150<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">11,673,980<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="nump">4,335,650<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="7"></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="7"><table class="outerFootnotes" width="100%"><tr class="outerFootnote">
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 12pt;" valign="top">[1]</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;" valign="top"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Prior period results have been adjusted to reflect the 1-for-10 reverse stock split effected on July 25, 2023.</span></td>
</tr></table></td></tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_abvc_WeightedAverageNumberOfCommonSharesOutstanding1Abstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">abvc_WeightedAverageNumberOfCommonSharesOutstanding1Abstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>abvc_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_abvc_WriteOffUnclaimedAccruedLiabilites">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of write off unclaimed accrued liabilites.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">abvc_WriteOffUnclaimedAccruedLiabilites</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>abvc_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount after tax of increase (decrease) in equity from transactions and other events and circumstances from net income and other comprehensive income, attributable to parent entity. Excludes changes in equity resulting from investments by owners and distributions to owners.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(24))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483621/220-10-S99-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-04(26))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478524/942-220-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-04(22))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477250/944-220-S99-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482790/220-10-45-1A<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482790/220-10-45-1B<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-04(20))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477250/944-220-S99-1<br><br>Reference 7: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 5<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482790/220-10-45-5<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CostOfRevenue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The aggregate cost of goods produced and sold and services rendered during the reporting period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480738/235-10-S50-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(g)(1)(i))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 825<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (f)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482907/825-10-50-28<br><br>Reference 4: 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-Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481687/323-10-50-3<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(4)(i))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480097/470-10-S99-1A<br><br>Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(4)(ii))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480097/470-10-S99-1A<br><br>Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(4)(iii)(A))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI 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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CostOfRevenue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EarningsPerShareAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasic">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The amount of net income (loss) for the period per each share of common stock or unit outstanding during the reporting period.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasic</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareDiluted">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The amount of net income (loss) for the period available to each share of common stock or common unit outstanding during the reporting period and to each share or unit that would have been outstanding assuming the issuance of common shares or units for all dilutive potential common shares or units outstanding during the reporting period.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EarningsPerShareDiluted</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossBeforeTax">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, before tax, of realized and unrealized gain (loss) from foreign currency transaction.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossBeforeTax</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_GainLossOnInvestments">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investment.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_GainLossOnInvestments</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_GrossProfit">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Aggregate revenue less cost of goods and services sold or operating expenses directly attributable to the revenue generation activity.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_GrossProfit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of income (loss) from continuing operations, including income (loss) from equity method investments, before deduction of income tax expense (benefit), and income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147476153/220-40-55-4<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 21<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147476153/220-40-55-21<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 14<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147476153/220-40-55-14<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 235<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478671/942-235-S50-1<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 235<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-05(b)(2))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477314/942-235-S99-1<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 22<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-22<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 48<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482785/280-10-55-48<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 32<br> -Subparagraph (f)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-32<br><br>Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 30<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-30<br><br>Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 270<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (i)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482964/270-10-50-1<br><br>Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 32<br> -Subparagraph (ee)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-32<br><br>Reference 12: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/otherTransitionRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 32<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-32<br><br>Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-04(11))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477250/944-220-S99-1<br><br>Reference 14: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 31<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-31<br><br>Reference 15: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(10))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483621/220-10-S99-2<br><br>Reference 16: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-04(15))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478524/942-220-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeStatementAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeStatementAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of current income tax expense (benefit) and deferred income tax expense (benefit) pertaining to continuing operations.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147476153/220-40-55-4<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 21<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147476153/220-40-55-21<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 14<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147476153/220-40-55-14<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480738/235-10-S50-1<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 270<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (i)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482964/270-10-50-1<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 32<br> -Subparagraph (ee)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-32<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 12<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-12<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 231<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482663/740-10-55-231<br><br>Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 9<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483443/250-10-50-9<br><br>Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 6.I.7)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479360/740-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483443/250-10-50-8<br><br>Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-10<br><br>Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 22<br> -Subparagraph (h)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-22<br><br>Reference 14: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-04(9))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477250/944-220-S99-1<br><br>Reference 15: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Topic 740<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482659/740-20-45-2<br><br>Reference 16: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(h))<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 235<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_InterestExpenseNonoperating">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of interest expense classified as nonoperating.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147476153/220-40-55-4<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 14<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147476153/220-40-55-14<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 22<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-22<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483621/220-10-S99-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_InterestExpenseNonoperating</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_InvestmentIncomeInterest">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount before accretion (amortization) of purchase discount (premium) of interest income on nonoperating securities.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 22<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-22<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 48<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482785/280-10-55-48<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(7)(b))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483621/220-10-S99-2<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 270<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (i)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482964/270-10-50-1<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 32<br> -Subparagraph (ee)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-32<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_InvestmentIncomeInterest</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The portion of profit or loss for the period, net of income taxes, which is attributable to the parent.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 830<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479168/946-830-55-10<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147476153/220-40-55-4<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 21<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147476153/220-40-55-21<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Name Accounting Standards 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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss</td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of Net Income (Loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest</td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The aggregate amount of income or expense from ancillary business-related activities (that is to say, excluding major activities considered part of the normal operations of the business).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(7))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483621/220-10-S99-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Generally recurring costs associated with normal operations except for the portion of these expenses which can be clearly related to production and included in cost of sales or services. Includes selling, general and administrative expense.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147476153/220-40-55-4<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingExpenses</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OperatingExpensesAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingExpensesAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The net result for the period of deducting operating expenses from operating revenues.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147476153/220-40-55-4<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 14<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147476153/220-40-55-14<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 22<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-22<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 32<br> -Subparagraph (f)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-32<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 30<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-30<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 270<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (i)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482964/270-10-50-1<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 32<br> -Subparagraph (ee)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-32<br><br>Reference 8: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/otherTransitionRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 32<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-32<br><br>Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 31<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-31<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTax">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount after tax and reclassification adjustments of gain (loss) on foreign currency translation adjustments, foreign currency transactions designated and effective as economic hedges of a net investment in a foreign entity and intra-entity foreign currency transactions that are of a long-term-investment nature.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 10A<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 220<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482790/220-10-45-10A<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-04(19))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477250/944-220-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTax</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherNonoperatingIncomeExpense">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of income (expense) related to nonoperating activities, classified as other.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 815<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4A<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480434/815-10-50-4A<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(9))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483621/220-10-S99-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherNonoperatingIncomeExpense</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ProfitLoss">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The consolidated profit or loss for the period, net of income taxes, including the portion attributable to the noncontrolling interest.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ProfitLoss</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of expense for research and development. Includes, but is not limited to, cost for computer software product to be sold, leased, or otherwise marketed and writeoff of research and development assets acquired in transaction other than business combination or joint venture formation or both. Excludes write-down of intangible asset acquired in business combination or from joint venture formation or both, used in research and development activity.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_Revenues">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of revenue recognized from goods sold, services rendered, insurance premiums, or other activities that constitute an earning process. Includes, but is not limited to, investment and interest income before deduction of interest expense when recognized as a component of revenue, and sales and trading gain (loss).</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_Revenues</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The aggregate total costs related to selling a firm's product and services, as well as all other general and administrative expenses. Direct selling expenses (for example, credit, warranty, and advertising) are expenses that can be directly linked to the sale of specific products. Indirect selling expenses are expenses that cannot be directly linked to the sale of specific products, for example telephone expenses, Internet, and postal charges. General and administrative expenses include salaries of non-sales personnel, rent, utilities, communication, etc.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 18<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147476153/220-40-55-18<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 11<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147476153/220-40-55-11<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147476153/220-40-55-4<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 14<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147476153/220-40-55-14<br><br>Reference 5: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(4))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483621/220-10-S99-2<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147476148/220-40-50-6<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of noncash expense for share-based payment arrangement.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 230<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-28<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_SubleaseIncome">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of sublease income excluding finance and operating lease expense.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 53<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479589/842-20-55-53<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Subparagraph (e)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478964/842-20-50-4<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SubleaseIncome</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The average number of shares or units issued and outstanding that are used in calculating diluted EPS or earnings per unit (EPU), determined based on the timing of issuance of shares or units in the period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482662/260-10-50-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 16<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482689/260-10-45-16<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of [basic] shares or units, after adjustment for contingently issuable shares or units and other shares or units not deemed outstanding, determined by relating the portion of time within a reporting period that common shares or units have been outstanding to the total time in that period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482662/260-10-50-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482689/260-10-45-10<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">3 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="3">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th">
<div>Mar. 31, 2025 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Mar. 31, 2024 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2024 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">
<div>Dec. 31, 2023 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract', window );"><strong>Cash flows from operating activities</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProfitLoss', window );">Net loss</a></td>
<td class="num">$ (944,190)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (2,927,667)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (5,259,037)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (8,280,844)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AdjustmentsToReconcileNetIncomeLossToCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract', window );"><strong>Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Depreciation', window );">Depreciation</a></td>
<td class="nump">7,021<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,286<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">32,025<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">28,531<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation', window );">Stock-based compensation</a></td>
<td class="nump">48,773<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,031,631<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,773,460<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">185,933<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProvisionForDoubtfulAccounts', window );">Provision for doubtful accounts</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">11,993<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,455,101<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherNoncashIncomeExpense', window );">Other non-cash expenses</a></td>
<td class="nump">210,040<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">176,283<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">532,769<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,244,245<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_GainLossOnInvestments', window );">Loss on investment in equity securities</a></td>
<td class="nump">50,877<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">339,171<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">221,888<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAssetAmortizationExpense', window );">Amortization of right-of-use asset</a></td>
<td class="nump">106,927<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">101,260<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">168,896<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">351,859<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit', window );">Deferred tax expense</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">115,668<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingCapitalAbstract', window );"><strong>Changes in operating assets and liabilities:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsReceivable', window );">Accounts receivable</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">228,557<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInInventories', window );">Inventories</a></td>
<td class="num">(11,460)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInPrepaidExpensesOther', window );">Prepaid expenses and other current assets</a></td>
<td class="num">(149)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(53,380)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">12,948<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">101,926<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInDueFromRelatedParties', window );">Due from related parties</a></td>
<td class="nump">54,113<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(140,364)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(293,962)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(321,776)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccruedLiabilitiesAndOtherOperatingLiabilities', window );">Accrued expenses and other current liabilities</a></td>
<td class="nump">40,113<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(43,605)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">152,819<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">638,762<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInContractWithCustomerLiability', window );">Contract liabilities</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,615<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">68,515<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInSecurityDeposits', window );">Other assets &#8211; tenant security deposit</a></td>
<td class="nump">5,029<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">13,700<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccruedIncomeTaxesPayable', window );">Taxes payables</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(112,946)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">112,946<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingLeaseLiability', window );">Operating lease liabilities</a></td>
<td class="num">(106,927)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(101,260)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(168,896)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(351,859)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities', window );">Net cash used in operating activities</a></td>
<td class="num">(539,833)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(955,816)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(1,809,145)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(4,186,848)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivitiesAbstract', window );"><strong>Cash flows from investing activities</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment', window );">Purchase of equipment</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(21,201)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireLongtermInvestments', window );">Prepayment for equity investment</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(338,985)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities', window );">Net cash used in investing activities</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(360,186)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivitiesAbstract', window );"><strong>Cash flows from financing activities</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfCommonStock', window );">Issuance of common stock</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,050,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromShortTermDebt', window );">Proceeds from short-term loans</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">30,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RepaymentsOfShortTermDebt', window );">Repayment of short-term loans</a></td>
<td class="num">(29,250)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(29,152)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(1,000,000)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfWarrants', window );">Proceeds from issuance of warrants</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">394,071<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">394,071<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,406,338<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromWarrantExercises', window );">Proceeds from exercise of warrants</a></td>
<td class="nump">411,667<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">947,500<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromRepaymentsOfRelatedPartyDebt', window );">Proceeds from (repayment of) related party payables</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">599,552<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(186,499)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromConvertibleDebt', window );">Proceeds from convertible notes payable</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">282,095<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">342,095<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,462,622<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromRelatedPartyDebt', window );">Due to related parties, net</a></td>
<td class="nump">46,339<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">217,981<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RepaymentsOfConvertibleDebt', window );">Repayment of convertible notes payable</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(327,017)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_RepurchaseOfTreasuryStocks', window );">Repurchase of treasury stocks</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(7,320)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfAPromissoryNote', window );">Proceeds from issuance of a promissory note</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">30,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromStockPlans', window );">Proceeds from common stock subscription</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">31,040<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_ProceedsFromSubsidiarysShareholderContribution', window );">Proceeds from subsidiary's executive contribution</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">137,500<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities', window );">Net cash provided by financing activities</a></td>
<td class="nump">428,756<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">924,147<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,980,769<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,869,961<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents', window );">Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash</a></td>
<td class="nump">6,830<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(26,109)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(24,589)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,125<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseIncludingExchangeRateEffect', window );">Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash</a></td>
<td class="num">(104,247)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(57,778)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">147,035<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(674,948)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsAbstract', window );"><strong>Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents', window );">Beginning</a></td>
<td class="nump">863,815<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">716,780<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">716,780<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,391,728<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents', window );">Ending</a></td>
<td class="nump">759,568<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">659,002<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">863,815<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">716,780<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SupplementalCashFlowInformationAbstract', window );"><strong>Supplemental disclosure of cash flows</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InterestPaidNet', window );">Interest expense paid</a></td>
<td class="nump">5,231<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">5,701<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">22,539<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">33,180<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxesPaidNet', window );">Income taxes paid</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">25,863<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">27,392<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashFlowNoncashInvestingAndFinancingActivitiesDisclosureAbstract', window );"><strong>Non-cash financing and investing activities</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_PrepaymentOfAssetAcquisitionByIssuingCommonStockToAThirdParty', window );">Prepayment for asset acquisition by issuing common stock to a third party</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">691,900<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueOfAssetsAcquired', window );">Acquiring control of the land</a></td>
<td class="nump">7,670,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_IssuanceOfCommonStockForConversionOfDebt', window );">Issuance of common stock for conversion of debt</a></td>
<td class="nump">47,579<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">467,574<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">593,714<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,786,686<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtConversionConvertedInstrumentAmount1', window );">Conversion of convertible note due from related parties to equity investment</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 563,819<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_IssuanceOfSubsidiarysCommonStockForConsultingServices', window );">Issuance of subsidiary&#8217;s common stock for consulting services</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 383,500<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="6"></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="6"><table class="outerFootnotes" width="100%"><tr class="outerFootnote">
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 12pt;" valign="top">[1]</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;" valign="top"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 10pt">Due to related parties previously reported amount was reclassified to financing activities based on current year&#8217;s presentation.</span></td>
</tr></table></td></tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_abvc_IssuanceOfCommonStockForConversionOfDebt">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Issuance of common stock for conversion of debt.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">abvc_IssuanceOfCommonStockForConversionOfDebt</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>abvc_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_abvc_IssuanceOfSubsidiarysCommonStockForConsultingServices">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of issuance of subsidiary&#8217;s common stock for consulting services.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">abvc_IssuanceOfSubsidiarysCommonStockForConsultingServices</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>abvc_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_abvc_PrepaymentOfAssetAcquisitionByIssuingCommonStockToAThirdParty">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of prepayment of asset acquisition by issuing common stock to a third party.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">abvc_PrepaymentOfAssetAcquisitionByIssuingCommonStockToAThirdParty</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>abvc_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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</tr>
<tr>
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<tr>
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</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_abvc_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfAPromissoryNote">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of proceeds from issuance of a promissory note.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">abvc_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfAPromissoryNote</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>abvc_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_abvc_ProceedsFromSubsidiarysShareholderContribution">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Represent the amount of proceeds from subsidiary's shareholder contribution.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">abvc_ProceedsFromSubsidiarysShareholderContribution</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>abvc_</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_abvc_RepurchaseOfTreasuryStocks">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The amount of repurchase of treasury stocks.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">abvc_RepurchaseOfTreasuryStocks</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>abvc_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AdjustmentsToReconcileNetIncomeLossToCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AdjustmentsToReconcileNetIncomeLossToCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash and cash equivalent, and cash and cash equivalent restricted to withdrawal or usage; attributable to continuing operation. Cash includes, but is not limited to, currency on hand, demand deposit with financial institution, and account with general characteristic of demand deposit. Cash equivalent includes, but is not limited to, short-term, highly liquid investment that is both readily convertible to known amount of cash and so near maturity that it presents insignificant risk of change in value because of change in interest rate.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482913/230-10-50-8<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 24<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-24<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-4<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseIncludingExchangeRateEffect">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalent, and cash and cash equivalent restricted to withdrawal or usage; including effect from exchange rate change and including, but not limited to, discontinued operation. Cash includes, but is not limited to, currency on hand, demand deposit with financial institution, and account with general characteristic of demand deposit. Cash equivalent includes, but is not limited to, short-term, highly liquid investment that is both readily convertible to known amount of cash and so near maturity that it presents insignificant risk of change in value because of change in interest rate.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 24<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-24<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -SubTopic 230<br> -Topic 830<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477401/830-230-45-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseIncludingExchangeRateEffect</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CashFlowNoncashInvestingAndFinancingActivitiesDisclosureAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CashFlowNoncashInvestingAndFinancingActivitiesDisclosureAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DebtConversionConvertedInstrumentAmount1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The value of the financial instrument(s) that the original debt is being converted into in a noncash (or part noncash) transaction. "Part noncash" refers to that portion of the transaction not resulting in cash receipts or cash payments in the period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482913/230-10-50-3<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 5<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482913/230-10-50-5<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DebtConversionConvertedInstrumentAmount1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of deferred income tax expense (benefit) pertaining to income (loss) from continuing operations.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 230<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-28<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480738/235-10-S50-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(h)(1)(Note 1))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 9<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 740<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-9<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_Depreciation">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The amount of expense recognized in the current period that reflects the allocation of the cost of tangible assets over the assets' useful lives. Includes production and non-production related depreciation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 230<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-28<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 18<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147476153/220-40-55-18<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 11<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147476153/220-40-55-11<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 24<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147476153/220-40-55-24<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 12<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147476148/220-40-50-12<br><br>Reference 6: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 360<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482099/360-10-50-1<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147476148/220-40-50-6<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_Depreciation</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of increase (decrease) from effect of exchange rate change on cash and cash equivalent, and cash and cash equivalent restricted to withdrawal or usage; held in foreign currency; attributable to continuing operation. Cash includes, but is not limited to, currency on hand, demand deposit with financial institution, and account with general characteristic of demand deposit. Cash equivalent includes, but is not limited to, short-term, highly liquid investment that is both readily convertible to known amount of cash and so near maturity that it presents insignificant risk of change in value because of change in interest rate.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 830<br> -SubTopic 230<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477401/830-230-45-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_FairValueOfAssetsAcquired">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The fair value of assets acquired in noncash investing or financing activities.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482913/230-10-50-4<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482913/230-10-50-3<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 5<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482913/230-10-50-5<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_FairValueOfAssetsAcquired</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_GainLossOnInvestments">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investment.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(9)(a))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483621/220-10-S99-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(7)(c))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483621/220-10-S99-2<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/recommendedDisclosureRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-28<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_GainLossOnInvestments</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxesPaidNet">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, after refund, of cash paid to foreign, federal, state, and local jurisdictions as income tax.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2A<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482913/230-10-50-2A<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 23<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-23<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 22<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-22<br><br>Reference 4: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482913/230-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeTaxesPaidNet</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsReceivable">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The increase (decrease) during the reporting period in amount due within one year (or one business cycle) from customers for the credit sale of goods and services.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 230<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-28<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsReceivable</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccruedIncomeTaxesPayable">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The increase (decrease) during the period in the amount due for taxes based on the reporting entity's earnings or attributable to the entity's income earning process (business presence) within a given jurisdiction.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 230<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-28<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccruedIncomeTaxesPayable</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccruedLiabilitiesAndOtherOperatingLiabilities">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of increase (decrease) in accrued expenses, and obligations classified as other.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-28<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccruedLiabilitiesAndOtherOperatingLiabilities</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInContractWithCustomerLiability">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of increase (decrease) in obligation to transfer good or service to customer for which consideration has been received or is receivable.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-28<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 912<br> -SubTopic 310<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 11<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478345/912-310-45-11<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInContractWithCustomerLiability</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInDueFromRelatedParties">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The increase (decrease) during the reporting period in receivables to be collected from other entities that could exert significant influence over the reporting entity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 230<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-28<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInDueFromRelatedParties</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInInventories">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The increase (decrease) during the reporting period in the aggregate value of all inventory held by the reporting entity, associated with underlying transactions that are classified as operating activities.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 230<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-28<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInInventories</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingCapitalAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingCapitalAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingLeaseLiability">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of increase (decrease) in obligation for operating lease.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-28<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Subparagraph (g)(1)<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Topic 842<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478964/842-20-50-4<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingLeaseLiability</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInPrepaidExpensesOther">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of increase (decrease) of consideration paid in advance for other costs that provide economic benefits in future periods.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 230<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-28<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInPrepaidExpensesOther</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInSecurityDeposits">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The increase (decrease) during the reporting period in security deposits.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 230<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-28<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInSecurityDeposits</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_InterestPaidNet">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash paid for interest, excluding capitalized interest, classified as operating activity. Includes, but is not limited to, payment to settle zero-coupon bond for accreted interest of debt discount and debt instrument with insignificant coupon interest rate in relation to effective interest rate of borrowing attributable to accreted interest of debt discount.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 17<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-17<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 25<br> -Subparagraph (e)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-25<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482913/230-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_InterestPaidNet</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash inflow (outflow) from financing activity, including, but not limited to, discontinued operation. Financing activity includes, but is not limited to, obtaining resource from owner and providing return on, and return of, their investment; borrowing money and repaying amount borrowed, or settling obligation; and obtaining and paying for other resource obtained from creditor on long-term credit.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 24<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-24<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivitiesAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivitiesAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash inflow (outflow) from investing activity, including, but not limited to, discontinued operation. Investing activity includes, but is not limited to, making and collecting loan, acquiring and disposing of debt and equity instruments, property, plant, and equipment, and other productive assets.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 24<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-24<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivitiesAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivitiesAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash inflow (outflow) from operating activity, including, but not limited to, discontinued operation. Operating activity includes, but is not limited to, transaction, adjustment, and change in value not defined as investing or financing activity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-28<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 24<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-24<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 25<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-25<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAssetAmortizationExpense">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of periodic reduction over lease term of carrying amount of right-of-use asset from operating lease.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-28<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAssetAmortizationExpense</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherNoncashIncomeExpense">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of income (expense) included in net income that results in no cash inflow (outflow), classified as other.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-28<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherNoncashIncomeExpense</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireLongtermInvestments">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The cash outflow for securities or other assets acquired, which qualify for treatment as an investing activity and are to be liquidated, if necessary, beyond the current operating cycle. Includes cash flows from securities classified as trading securities that were acquired for reasons other than sale in the long-term.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 13<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-13<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireLongtermInvestments</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The cash outflow associated with the acquisition of long-lived, physical assets that are used in the normal conduct of business to produce goods and services and not intended for resale; includes cash outflows to pay for construction of self-constructed assets.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 13<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-13<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromConvertibleDebt">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The cash inflow from the issuance of a long-term debt instrument which can be exchanged for a specified amount of another security, typically the entity's common stock, at the option of the issuer or the holder.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 14<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-14<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ProceedsFromConvertibleDebt</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfCommonStock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The cash inflow from the additional capital contribution to the entity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 14<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 230<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-14<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfCommonStock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfWarrants">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The cash inflow from issuance of rights to purchase common shares at predetermined price (usually issued together with corporate debt).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 14<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 230<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-14<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfWarrants</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromRelatedPartyDebt">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The cash inflow from a long-term borrowing made from related parties where one party can exercise control or significant influence over another party; including affiliates, owners or officers and their immediate families, pension trusts, and so forth. Alternate caption: Proceeds from Advances from Affiliates.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 14<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-14<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ProceedsFromRelatedPartyDebt</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromRepaymentsOfRelatedPartyDebt">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash inflow (outflow) from long-term debt by a related party. Related parties, include, but are not limited to, affiliates, owners or officers and their immediate families, and pension trusts.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ProceedsFromRepaymentsOfRelatedPartyDebt</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromShortTermDebt">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The cash inflow from a borrowing having initial term of repayment within one year or the normal operating cycle, if longer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 14<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-14<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ProceedsFromShortTermDebt</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromStockPlans">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The cash inflow associated with the amount received from the stock plan during the period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 14<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 230<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-14<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ProceedsFromStockPlans</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromWarrantExercises">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The cash inflow associated with the amount received from holders exercising their stock warrants.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 14<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-14<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ProceedsFromWarrantExercises</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ProfitLoss">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The consolidated profit or loss for the period, net of income taxes, including the portion attributable to the noncontrolling interest.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ProfitLoss</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ProvisionForDoubtfulAccounts">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of expense (reversal of expense) for expected credit loss on accounts receivable.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 326<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 13<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479319/326-20-50-13<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 22<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147476148/220-40-50-22<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(5))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483621/220-10-S99-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ProvisionForDoubtfulAccounts</td>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The cash outflow from the repayment of a long-term debt instrument which can be exchanged for a specified amount of another security, typically the entity's common stock, at the option of the issuer or the holder.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 15<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-15<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RepaymentsOfConvertibleDebt</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The cash outflow for a borrowing having initial term of repayment within one year or the normal operating cycle, if longer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 15<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-15<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of noncash expense for share-based payment arrangement.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 230<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-28<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
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<th class="th">
<div>Common Stock Amounts </div>
<div>Prior Period Adjustment</div>
</th>
<th class="th" colspan="2"><div>Common Stock Amounts</div></th>
<th class="th">
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<div>Prior Period Adjustment</div>
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<th class="th">
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<div>Prior Period Adjustment</div>
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<th class="th">
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<div>Prior Period Adjustment</div>
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<th class="th"><div>Additional Paid-in Capital</div></th>
<th class="th">
<div>Accumulated Deficit </div>
<div>Prior Period Adjustment</div>
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<th class="th"><div>Accumulated Deficit</div></th>
<th class="th">
<div>Comprehensive Income </div>
<div>Prior Period Adjustment</div>
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<th class="th">
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<div>Prior Period Adjustment</div>
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<th class="th">
<div>Noncontrolling Interest </div>
<div>Prior Period Adjustment</div>
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<th class="th"><div>Prior Period Adjustment</div></th>
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<tr class="rc">
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<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="nump">$ 3,286<span></span>
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<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text"> <span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="num">$ (1,354,440)<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 67,937,050<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (54,904,439)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 517,128<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (9,100,000)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 137,554<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 3,236,139<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rc">
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<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,286,190<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rc">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TreasuryStockCommonShares', window );">Balance (in Shares) at Dec. 31, 2022</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(27,535)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_PriorPeriodAdjustment', window );">Prior period adjustment</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,354,440<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (1,354,440)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssues', window );">Issuance of common shares for cash</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 300<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,049,700<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,050,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues', window );">Issuance of common shares for cash (in Shares)</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">300,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueIssuedForServices', window );">Issuance of common shares for consulting service</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 52<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">196,048<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">196,100<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesIssuedForServices', window );">Issuance of common shares for consulting service (in Shares)</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">51,941<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueIssuanceOfCommonSharesForAcquisitionOfProperty', window );">Issuance of common shares for acquisition of property</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 370<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">691,530<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">691,900<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesIssuanceOfCommonSharesForAcquisitionOfProperty', window );">Issuance of common shares for acquisition of property (in Shares)</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">370,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueConversionOfConvertibleSecurities', window );">Issuance of common shares for exercise of convertible notes</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 3,732<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,782,954<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,786,686<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesConversionOfConvertibleSecurities', window );">Issuance of common shares for exercise of convertible notes (in Shares)</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,732,167<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalWarrantIssuedWithConvertibleNotesPayable', window );">Warrant issued with convertible notes payable</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,729,029<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,729,029<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalWarrantIssued', window );">Issuance of pre-funded warrant in connection to the 3rd Lind Note</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">700,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">700,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueStockExerciseOfPrefundedWarrant', window );">Exercise of pre-funded warrant</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 200<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(200)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesExerciseOfPrefundedWarrant', window );">Exercise of pre-funded warrant (in Shares)</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">200,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueSubsidiaryExecutiveContribution', window );">Subsidiary executive contribution</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">82,897<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">54,603<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">137,500<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProfitLoss', window );">Net loss for the period</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(7,788,050)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(492,794)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,629,444<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(8,280,844)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CumulativeTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTaxPeriodIncreaseDecrease', window );">Cumulative transaction adjustments</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(741)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(741)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueEmployeeStockOwnershipPlan', window );">Distribute as employee compensation</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(190,628)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 198,332<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">7,704<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesDistributeAsEmployeeCompensation', window );">Distribute as employee compensation (in Shares)</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">982<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rc">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest', window );">Balance at Dec. 31, 2023</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 7,940<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">73,978,380<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(64,046,929)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">516,387<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (8,901,668)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(300,637)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(6,877,499)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,253,473<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rc">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharesOutstanding', window );">Balance (in Shares) at Dec. 31, 2023</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">7,940,298<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rc">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TreasuryStockCommonShares', window );">Balance (in Shares) at Dec. 31, 2023</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(26,553)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueIssuanceOfCommonSharesForLindCN', window );">Issuance of common shares for Lind CN Repayment</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 752<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">466,822<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">467,574<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_IssuanceOfCommonShareForLindCNRepayment', window );">Issuance of common shares for Lind CN Repayment (in Shares)</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">751,795<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueShareBasedCompensation', window );">Stock based compensation for services</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,303<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,934,452<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,935,755<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesShareBasedCompensation', window );">Stock based compensation for services (in Shares)</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,302,726<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueIssuanceOfSubsidiarysCommonSharesForConsultingService', window );">Issuance of subsidiary's common shares for consulting service</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">225,690<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">157,810<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">383,500<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalStockIssuedIssuanceCosts', window );">Decrease in ownership of subsidiary due to share issuance</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">4,786<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(4,786)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueIssuanceOfCommonSharesForAcquisitionOfProperty', window );">Issuance of common shares for acquisition of property</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 703<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (703)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesIssuanceOfCommonSharesForAcquisitionOfProperty', window );">Issuance of common shares for acquisition of property (in Shares)</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">703,496<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesIssuanceOfCommonSharesForAcquiringOfProperty', window );">Issuance of common shares for acquisition of property (in Shares)</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(703,496)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalWarrantIssued', window );">Issuance of pre-funded warrant in connection to the 3rd Lind Note</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">394,071<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">394,071<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProfitLoss', window );">Net loss for the period</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(2,834,199)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(93,468)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(2,927,667)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CumulativeTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTaxPeriodIncreaseDecrease', window );">Cumulative transaction adjustments</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(48,236)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(48,236)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rc">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest', window );">Balance at Mar. 31, 2024</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 10,698<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">77,004,201<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(66,881,128)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">468,151<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (8,902,371)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(241,081)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(6,028,485)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,458,470<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rc">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharesOutstanding', window );">Balance (in Shares) at Mar. 31, 2024</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">10,698,315<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rc">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TreasuryStockCommonShares', window );">Balance (in Shares) at Mar. 31, 2024</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(730,049)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rc">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest', window );">Balance at Dec. 31, 2023</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 7,940<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">73,978,380<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(64,046,929)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">516,387<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (8,901,668)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(300,637)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (6,877,499)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,253,473<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rc">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharesOutstanding', window );">Balance (in Shares) at Dec. 31, 2023</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">7,940,298<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rc">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TreasuryStockCommonShares', window );">Balance (in Shares) at Dec. 31, 2023</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(26,553)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueIssuanceOfCommonSharesForLindCN', window );">Issuance of common shares for Lind CN Repayment</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,706<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">592,008<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">593,714<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_IssuanceOfCommonShareForLindCNRepayment', window );">Issuance of common shares for Lind CN Repayment (in Shares)</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,705,303<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueShareBasedCompensation', window );">Stock based compensation for services</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 2,019<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,451,854<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,453,873<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesShareBasedCompensation', window );">Stock based compensation for services (in Shares)</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,019,387<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueIssuanceOfCommonSharesForExerciseOfWarrants', window );">Issuance of common shares for exercise of warrants</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,500<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">946,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">947,500<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesIssuanceOfCommonSharesForExerciseOfWarrants', window );">Issuance of common shares for exercise of warrants (in Shares)</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,500,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueEmployeeStockPurchasePlan', window );">Repurchase of common stock from a prior employee</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (7,320)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(7,320)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TreasuryStockSharesRetired', window );">Repurchase of common stock from a prior employee (in Shares)</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(592)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_StockSubscriptionReceived', window );">Stock subscription received</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">31,040<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">31,040<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueIssuanceOfSubsidiarysCommonSharesForConsultingService', window );">Issuance of subsidiary's common shares for consulting service</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">225,690<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">157,810<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">383,500<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalConvertibleDebtWithConversionFeature', window );">Debt discount recognized from Issuance of subsidiary's convertible note</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,276<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,591<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 3,867<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalStockIssuedIssuanceCosts', window );">Decrease in ownership of subsidiary due to share issuance</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">4,786<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(4,786)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues', window );">Issuance of common shares for cash (in Shares)</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">399,384<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueIssuanceOfCommonSharesForAcquisitionOfProperty', window );">Issuance of common shares for acquisition of property</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 703<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (703)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesIssuanceOfCommonSharesForAcquisitionOfProperty', window );">Issuance of common shares for acquisition of property (in Shares)</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">703,496<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesIssuanceOfCommonSharesForAcquiringOfProperty', window );">Issuance of common shares for acquisition of property (in Shares)</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(703,496)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalWarrantIssued', window );">Issuance of pre-funded warrant in connection to the 3rd Lind Note</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">394,071<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">394,071<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProfitLoss', window );">Net loss for the period</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(4,902,878)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(356,159)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(5,259,037)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CumulativeTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTaxPeriodIncreaseDecrease', window );">Cumulative transaction adjustments</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(70,722)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(70,722)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rc">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest', window );">Balance at Dec. 31, 2024</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 13,868<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">31,040<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">78,595,065<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(68,949,807)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">445,665<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (8,909,691)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(502,181)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">723,959<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rc">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharesOutstanding', window );">Balance (in Shares) at Dec. 31, 2024</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">13,868,484<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rc">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TreasuryStockCommonShares', window );">Balance (in Shares) at Dec. 31, 2024</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(730,641)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueIssuanceOfCommonSharesForLindCN', window );">Issuance of common shares for Lind CN Repayment</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 400<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">47,179<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">47,579<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_IssuanceOfCommonShareForLindCNRepayment', window );">Issuance of common shares for Lind CN Repayment (in Shares)</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">400,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueShareBasedCompensation', window );">Stock based compensation for services</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 81<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">48,692<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">48,773<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesShareBasedCompensation', window );">Stock based compensation for services (in Shares)</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">80,654<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueIssuanceOfCommonSharesForExerciseOfWarrants', window );">Issuance of common shares for exercise of warrants</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,029<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">410,638<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">411,667<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesIssuanceOfCommonSharesForExerciseOfWarrants', window );">Issuance of common shares for exercise of warrants (in Shares)</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,029,167<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues', window );">Issuance of common shares for cash (in Shares)</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">28,135<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalOther', window );">Acquiring control of the land</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">4,513,795<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,156,205<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">7,670,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProfitLoss', window );">Net loss for the period</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(842,075)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(102,115)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(944,190)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CumulativeTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTaxPeriodIncreaseDecrease', window );">Cumulative transaction adjustments</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(1,493)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(1,493)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rc">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest', window );">Balance at Mar. 31, 2025</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 15,378<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 31,040<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 83,615,369<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (69,791,882)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 444,172<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (8,909,691)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 2,551,909<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 7,956,295<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rc">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharesOutstanding', window );">Balance (in Shares) at Mar. 31, 2025</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">15,378,305<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rc">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TreasuryStockCommonShares', window );">Balance (in Shares) at Mar. 31, 2025</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(730,641)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="20"></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="20"><table class="outerFootnotes" width="100%"><tr class="outerFootnote">
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 12pt;" valign="top">[1]</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;" valign="top"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Prior period results have been adjusted to reflect the 1-for-10 reverse stock split effected on July 25, 2023.</span></td>
</tr></table></td></tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_abvc_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalWarrantIssuedWithConvertibleNotesPayable">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Represents the amount of warrant issued with convertible notes payable.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">abvc_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalWarrantIssuedWithConvertibleNotesPayable</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>abvc_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_abvc_IssuanceOfCommonShareForLindCNRepayment">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Issuance of common shares for Lind CN repayment.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">abvc_IssuanceOfCommonShareForLindCNRepayment</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>abvc_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_abvc_PriorPeriodAdjustment">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of prior period adjustment.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">abvc_PriorPeriodAdjustment</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>abvc_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_abvc_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesDistributeAsEmployeeCompensation">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of shares in distribute as employee compensation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">abvc_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesDistributeAsEmployeeCompensation</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>abvc_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_abvc_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesExerciseOfPrefundedWarrant">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The share amount of exercise of pre-funded warrant.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">abvc_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesExerciseOfPrefundedWarrant</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>abvc_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_abvc_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesIssuanceOfCommonSharesForAcquiringOfProperty">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of shares in issuance of common shares for acquiring of Property.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">abvc_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesIssuanceOfCommonSharesForAcquiringOfProperty</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>abvc_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_abvc_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesIssuanceOfCommonSharesForAcquisitionOfProperty">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The number of shares issuance of common stock for acquiring of property.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">abvc_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesIssuanceOfCommonSharesForAcquisitionOfProperty</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>abvc_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_abvc_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesIssuanceOfCommonSharesForExerciseOfWarrants">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Issuance of common shares for exercise of warrants.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">abvc_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesIssuanceOfCommonSharesForExerciseOfWarrants</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>abvc_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_abvc_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueIssuanceOfCommonSharesForAcquisitionOfProperty">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Value of stock 	issuance of common stock for acquiring of property.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">abvc_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueIssuanceOfCommonSharesForAcquisitionOfProperty</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>abvc_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_abvc_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueIssuanceOfCommonSharesForExerciseOfWarrants">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Represents the amount of issuance of common shares for exercise of warrants.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">abvc_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueIssuanceOfCommonSharesForExerciseOfWarrants</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>abvc_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_abvc_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueIssuanceOfCommonSharesForLindCN">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Represents the amount of issuance of common shares for Lind CN.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">abvc_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueIssuanceOfCommonSharesForLindCN</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>abvc_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_abvc_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueIssuanceOfSubsidiarysCommonSharesForConsultingService">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Value of stock related to issuance of subsidiary's common shares for consulting service.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">abvc_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueIssuanceOfSubsidiarysCommonSharesForConsultingService</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>abvc_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_abvc_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueStockExerciseOfPrefundedWarrant">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The amount of exercise of pre-funded warrant.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">abvc_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueStockExerciseOfPrefundedWarrant</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>abvc_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_abvc_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueSubsidiaryExecutiveContribution">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of subsidiary executive contribution.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">abvc_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueSubsidiaryExecutiveContribution</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>abvc_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_abvc_StockSubscriptionReceived">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Value of shares of stock subscription received.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">abvc_StockSubscriptionReceived</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>abvc_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalConvertibleDebtWithConversionFeature">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of increase (decrease) in additional paid in capital (APIC) resulting from recognition of deferred taxes for convertible debt with a beneficial conversion feature.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 505<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 51<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482663/740-10-55-51<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480008/505-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalConvertibleDebtWithConversionFeature</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalOther">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of other increase (decrease) in additional paid in capital (APIC).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalOther</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalStockIssuedIssuanceCosts">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of decrease in additional paid in capital (APIC) resulting from direct costs associated with issuing stock. Includes, but is not limited to, legal and accounting fees and direct costs associated with stock issues under a shelf registration.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 505<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480008/505-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalStockIssuedIssuanceCosts</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalWarrantIssued">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of increase in additional paid in capital (APIC) resulting from the issuance of warrants. Includes allocation of proceeds of debt securities issued with detachable stock purchase warrants.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 505<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480008/505-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 25<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481284/470-20-25-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalWarrantIssued</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CumulativeTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTaxPeriodIncreaseDecrease">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The increase (decrease) in cumulative translation adjustment before transfers included in determining net income.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 830<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 20<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481694/830-30-45-20<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CumulativeTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTaxPeriodIncreaseDecrease</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ProfitLoss">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The consolidated profit or loss for the period, net of income taxes, including the portion attributable to the noncontrolling interest.</p></div>
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-Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481203/810-10-50-1A<br><br>Reference 43: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 810<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481203/810-10-50-1A<br><br>Reference 44: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 65<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Subparagraph (f)(4)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481538/470-20-65-4<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ProfitLoss</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_SharesOutstanding">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of shares issued which are neither cancelled nor held in the treasury.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SharesOutstanding</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesConversionOfConvertibleSecurities">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of shares issued during the period as a result of the conversion of convertible securities.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 505<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(30))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1E<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-1E<br><br>Reference 5: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480008/505-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 6: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-3<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesConversionOfConvertibleSecurities</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesIssuedForServices">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of shares issued in lieu of cash for services contributed to the entity. Number of shares includes, but is not limited to, shares issued for services contributed by vendors and founders.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesIssuedForServices</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of new stock issued during the period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 505<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(28))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 505<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478448/946-505-50-2<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-09(4)(b))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479134/946-220-S99-3<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-03(i)(1))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479886/946-10-S99-3<br><br>Reference 7: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480008/505-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesShareBasedCompensation">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number, after forfeiture, of shares or units issued under share-based payment arrangement. Excludes shares or units issued under employee stock ownership plan (ESOP).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 505<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(28))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480008/505-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesShareBasedCompensation</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueConversionOfConvertibleSecurities">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The gross value of stock issued during the period upon the conversion of convertible securities.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 505<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(30))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(31))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 5: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480008/505-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueConversionOfConvertibleSecurities</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueEmployeeStockOwnershipPlan">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Aggregate value of stock issued during the period as a result of employee stock ownership plan (ESOP).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 505<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480520/718-40-45-2<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(28))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 5: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480008/505-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueEmployeeStockOwnershipPlan</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueEmployeeStockPurchasePlan">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Aggregate change in value for stock issued during the period as a result of employee stock purchase plan.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 505<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(28))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480008/505-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueEmployeeStockPurchasePlan</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueIssuedForServices">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Value of stock issued in lieu of cash for services contributed to the entity. Value of the stock issued includes, but is not limited to, services contributed by vendors and founders.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueIssuedForServices</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssues">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Equity impact of the value of new stock issued during the period. Includes shares issued in an initial public offering or a secondary public offering.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 505<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(28))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 830<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 11<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479168/946-830-55-11<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 205<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478009/946-205-45-4<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 505<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478448/946-505-50-2<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-09(4)(b))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479134/946-220-S99-3<br><br>Reference 8: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480008/505-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssues</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueShareBasedCompensation">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Value, after forfeiture, of shares issued under share-based payment arrangement. Excludes employee stock ownership plan (ESOP).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(28))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480008/505-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (d)(1)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueShareBasedCompensation</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of equity (deficit) attributable to parent and noncontrolling interest. Excludes temporary equity.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_TreasuryStockCommonShares">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of previously issued common shares repurchased by the issuing entity and held in treasury.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481549/505-30-45-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_TreasuryStockCommonShares</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Organization and Description of Business<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">3 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Mar. 31, 2025</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OrganizationConsolidationAndPresentationOfFinancialStatementsAbstract', window );"><strong>Organization and Description of Business [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_BusinessDescriptionAndBasisOfPresentationTextBlock', window );">ORGANIZATION AND DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">1. ORGANIZATION AND DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">ABVC BioPharma, Inc. (the &#8220;Company&#8221;),
formerly known as American BriVision (Holding) Corporation, a Nevada corporation, through the Company&#8217;s operating entity, American
BriVision Corporation (&#8220;BriVision&#8221;), which was incorporated in July 2015 in the State of Delaware, engages in biotechnology
to fulfill unmet medical needs and focuses on the development of new drugs and medical devices derived from plants. BriVision develops
its pipeline by carefully tracking new medical discoveries or medical device technologies in research institutions in the Asia-Pacific
region. Pre-clinical, disease animal model and Phase I safety studies are examined closely by the Company to identify drugs that BriVision
believes demonstrate efficacy and safety. Once a drug appears to be a good candidate for development and ultimately commercialization,
BriVision licenses the drug or medical device from the original researchers and begins to introduce the drugs clinical plan to highly
respected principal investigators in the United States, Australia and Taiwan to conduct a Phase II clinical trial. At present, clinical
trials for the Company&#8217;s drugs and medical devices are being conducted at such world-famous institutions including Stanford University,
University of California San Fransisco (UCSF) and Cedar Sinai Medical Centre (CSMC).</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The Company has four wholly-owned subsidiaries,
BriVision, BioLite Holding Inc. (&#8220;BioLite Holding&#8221;), BioKey Inc. (&#8220;BioKey&#8221;), BioKey (Cayman), Inc (&#8220;BioKey
Cayman&#8221;), and a majority-owned subsidiary, AiBtl BioPharma Inc. (&#8220;AiBtl&#8221;).</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">BioLite Holding was incorporated in the State
of Nevada with wholly owned subsidiary BioLite BVI, Inc. (&#8220;BioLite BVI&#8221;) that was incorporated in the British Virgin Islands.
BioLite BVI holds 73% ownership of BioLite Inc. (&#8220;BioLite Taiwan&#8221;), a Taiwanese corporation that was founded in February
2006. BioLite Taiwan has been in the business of developing new drugs since it was incorporated.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Yunzhiyi, a Taiwanese corporation, was incorporated
in August 2024, with 90% owned by BioLite Taiwan and 10% owned by Shuling Jiang, the Company&#8217;s director. This entity is set up
for holding the land that AiBtl is working to acquire in Puli, Taiwan for developing health related business in Taiwan.</span></p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Incorporated in California on November 20,
2000, BioKey has chosen to initially focus on developing generic drugs to ride the opportunity of the booming industry.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">BioKey Cayman was incorporated in Cayman Islands
in July 2023, which is 100% owned by ABVC. This subsidiary has no activities since inception.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">AiBtl BioPharma, Inc. was acquired by the
Company with the transaction of the collaborative licensing agreements. On November 12, 2023, the Company and BioLite Taiwan each entered
into a multi-year, global licensing agreement with AiBtl for the Company and BioLite Taiwan&#8217;s CNS drugs with the indications of
MDD (Major Depressive Disorder) and ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) (collectively, the &#8220;Licensed Products&#8221;).
The potential license will cover the Licensed Products&#8217; clinical trial, registration, manufacturing, supply, and distribution rights.
The parties are determined to collaborate on the global development of the Licensed Products. The parties are also working to strengthen
new drug development and business collaboration, including technology, interoperability, and standards development. As per each of the
respective agreements, each of ABVC and BioLite Taiwan received 23 million shares of AiBtl stock and as a result, the Company has a controlling
interest over AiBtl. If certain milestones are met, the Company and BioLite Taiwan are each eligible to receive $3,500,000 and royalties
equaling 5% of net sales, up to $100 million. The financial statements of AiBtl are included in the Company&#8217;s consolidated financial
statements. As a result of these transactions, the Company became a controlling parent of AiBtl, with 58.85% of group ownership over
AiBtl.</span></p><span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">1. ORGANIZATION AND DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">ABVC BioPharma, Inc. (the &#8220;Company&#8221;),
formerly known as American BriVision (Holding) Corporation, a Nevada corporation, through the Company&#8217;s operating entity, American
BriVision Corporation (&#8220;BriVision&#8221;), which was incorporated in July 2015 in the State of Delaware, engages in biotechnology
to fulfill unmet medical needs and focuses on the development of new drugs and medical devices derived from plants. BriVision develops
its pipeline by carefully tracking new medical discoveries or medical device technologies in research institutions in the Asia-Pacific
region. Pre-clinical, disease animal model and Phase I safety studies are examined closely by the Company to identify drugs that BriVision
believes demonstrate efficacy and safety. Once a drug appears to be a good candidate for development and ultimately commercialization,
BriVision licenses the drug or medical device from the original researchers and begins to introduce the drugs clinical plan to highly
respected principal investigators in the United States, Australia and Taiwan to conduct a Phase II clinical trial. At present, clinical
trials for the Company&#8217;s drugs and medical devices are being conducted at such world-famous institutions including Stanford University,
University of California San Fransisco (UCSF) and Cedar Sinai Medical Centre (CSMC).</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The Company has four wholly-owned subsidiaries,
BriVision, BioLite Holding Inc. (&#8220;BioLite Holding&#8221;), BioKey Inc. (&#8220;BioKey&#8221;), BioKey (Cayman), Inc (&#8220;BioKey
Cayman&#8221;), and a majority-owned subsidiary, AiBtl BioPharma Inc. (&#8220;AiBtl&#8221;).</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">BioLite Holding was incorporated in the State
of Nevada with wholly owned subsidiary BioLite BVI, Inc. (&#8220;BioLite BVI&#8221;) that was incorporated in the British Virgin Islands.
BioLite BVI holds 73% ownership of BioLite Inc. (&#8220;BioLite Taiwan&#8221;), a Taiwanese corporation that was founded in February
2006. BioLite Taiwan has been in the business of developing new drugs since it was incorporated.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Yunzhiyi, a Taiwanese corporation, was incorporated
in August 2024, with 90% owned by BioLite Taiwan and 10% owned by Shuling Jiang, the Company&#8217;s director. This entity is set up
for holding the land that AiBtl acquired in Taiwan for developing health related business in Taiwan.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Incorporated in California on November 20,
2000, BioKey has chosen to initially focus on developing generic drugs to ride the opportunity of the booming industry.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">BioKey Cayman was incorporated in Cayman Islands
in July 2023, which is 100% owned by ABVC. This subsidiary has no activities since inception.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline">Acquisition of AiBtl BioPharma Inc.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">On November 12, 2023, the Company and BioLite
Taiwan each entered into a multi-year, global licensing agreement with AiBtl for the Company and BioLite Taiwan&#8217;s CNS drugs with
the indications of MDD (Major Depressive Disorder) and ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) (collectively, the &#8220;Licensed
Products&#8221;). The potential license will cover the Licensed Products&#8217; clinical trial, registration, manufacturing, supply,
and distribution rights. The parties are determined to collaborate on the global development of the Licensed Products. The parties are
also working to strengthen new drug development and business collaboration, including technology, interoperability, and standards development.
As per each of the respective agreements, each of ABVC and BioLite Taiwan received 23 million shares of AiBtl stock and as a result,
the Company has a controlling interest over AiBtl. If certain milestones are met, the Company and BioLite Taiwan are each eligible to
receive $3,500,000 and royalties equaling 5% of net sales, up to $100 million. The financial statements of AiBtl are included in the
Company&#8217;s consolidated financial statements.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The Company concluded the assets acquired
and liabilities assumed did not meet the definition of a business as a limited number of inputs were acquired but no substantive business
processes or signs of output were acquired. As such, the acquisition was accounted for as an asset purchase. The purchase consideration
was nonmonetary assets (patent) and transfer on November 12, 2023. The equity interest transferred to ABVC and BioLite Taiwan on December
15, 2023.</span></p><span></span>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for the business description and basis of presentation concepts. Business description describes the nature and type of organization including but not limited to organizational structure as may be applicable to holding companies, parent and subsidiary relationships, business divisions, business units, business segments, affiliates and information about significant ownership of the reporting entity. Basis of presentation describes the underlying basis used to prepare the financial statements (for example, US Generally Accepted Accounting Principles, Other Comprehensive Basis of Accounting, IFRS).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483426/235-10-50-4<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 205<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/205/tableOfContent<br></p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Liquidity, Going Concern, and Restatement<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">3 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
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<th class="th"><div>Mar. 31, 2025</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementOfFinancialPositionAbstract', window );"><strong>Liquidity, Going Concern, and Restatement [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">2. LIQUIDITY, GOING CONCERN, AND RESTATEMENT</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"><i>Liquidity and Going Concern</i></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The accompanying financial statements have
been prepared in conformity with the generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (the &#8220;U.S. GAAP&#8221;)
which contemplates continuation of the Company on a going concern basis. The going concern basis assumes that assets are realized, and
liabilities are settled in the ordinary course of business at amounts disclosed in the financial statements. The Company&#8217;s ability
to continue as a going concern depends upon its ability to market and sell its products to generate positive operating cash flows. For
the three months ended March 31, 2025, the Company reported net loss of $944,190. As of March 31, 2025, the Company&#8217;s working capital
deficit was $5,261,178.&#160; In addition, the Company had net cash outflows of $539,833&#160;from operating activities for the three
months ended March 31, 2025. These conditions give rise to substantial doubt as to whether the Company will be able to continue as a
going concern.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">To sustain its ability to support the Company&#8217;s
operating activities, the Company may have to consider supplementing its available sources of funds through the following sources:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">cash
    generated from operations;</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">other available sources
    of financing from banks and other financial institutions in the U.S. and in Taiwan; and</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">financial support from
    the Company&#8217;s related parties and shareholders.</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Management&#8217;s plan is to continue to
improve operations to generate positive cash flows and raise additional capital through private or public offerings, or financial support
from related parties or shareholders. If the Company is not able to generate positive operating cash flows, and raise additional capital,
there is the risk that the Company may not be able to meet its short-term obligations. All of these factors raise substantial doubt about
the ability of the Company to continue as a going concern. The interim condensed consolidated financial statements as of March 31, 2025,
and for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 have been prepared on a going concern basis and do not include any adjustments
to reflect the possible future effects on the recoverability and classifications of assets or the amounts and classifications of liabilities
that may result from the inability of the Company to continue as a going concern.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"><i>Restatement Background and Explanation</i></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 8pt; text-align: justify"><b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"><i>&#160;</i></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The Company has restated its financial statements
as of and for the year ended December 31, 2023, to correct misstatements in those prior periods related to improperly applying accounting
guidance on the share-based payments, incorrectly recognizing interest expenses upon the conversion of convertible debts, and misidentifying
the existence of non-controlling interest of our subsidiary. These restatements also resulted in the restatements of the relevant accounts
as of and for the three months ended March 31, 2024.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 8pt; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">As disclosed in Note 5, the Company entered
into a cooperation agreement on August 14, 2023 with Zhong Hui Lian He Ji Tuan, Ltd. (the &#8220;Zhonghui&#8221;) to acquire 20% of the
ownership of certain property and a parcel of the land. According to the agreement, the Company issued 370,000 shares of its common stock
as the consideration, and used $20 dollar per share to recognize the right as construction in progress on the balance sheet.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 8pt; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">At the time of preparing its 2024 financial
statements, the Company reviewed the entire transaction, its relevant agreements and documentation, as well as the applicable accounting
guidance. The Company applied FASB Accounting Standard Codification (&#8220;ASC&#8221;) 845 Nonmonetary Transactions to determine the
fair value of the asset acquired would be more evident than the fair value of the consideration in exchange, the Company&#8217;s restricted
common stocks. The real estates acquired comes with a third-party valuation of $7,400,000 per the Company&#8217;s stake, which the value
of the acquired assets is guaranteed by Zhonghui. Upon further review, the Company considered ASC 718 Compensation &#8211; Stock Compensation,
should have been the appropriate guidance to apply given the Company&#8217;s common stocks are listed in Nasdaq with more observable
fair value (Level 1). Furthermore, at the time of issuance of these financial statements, no real estate title was transferred to the
Company. As a result, the Company adjusted the carrying value of the asset and reclassified the balance to &#8220;Prepayment for asset
acquisition&#8221; account to reflect the value of 370,000 shares issued at $1.87, the closing price as of the contract date. The Company
also corrected the share price used to recognize stock compensation expense from $20 to $1.87 for the 29,600 shares of common stock issued
on the same day to several consultants. As a result, these adjustments reduced $6,708,100 for asset recognized and $536,648 for stock-compensation
expense incurred in 2023.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">In February 2023, the Company issued a convertible
note to LIND Global Fund II, LP (Note 7). Due to misapplication of ASC 470-20 instead of ASC 815-40, the Company overstated interest
expenses $1,179,669 for the year ended December 31, 2023. The overstatement is offsetting against additional paid-in capital due to the
convertible note being converted to the Company&#8217;s own common stocks instead of being repaid or disposition.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">In November 2023, the Company and one of its
subsidiaries entered into a licensing agreement with AiBtl. The Company accounted for a 100% control of AiBtl as of December 31, 2023,
but later discovered that AiBtl had outstanding founder shares that were not deposited to the stock transfer agent in the timely manner.
Such shares reduced the Company&#8217;s controlling interest from 100% to 69.70% as of December 31, 2023. Accordingly, the Company adjusted
the relevant accounts in our consolidated financial statements.</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">As discussed in Note 12, in July 2019 the
Company issued 644,972 shares (post-split) of the Company&#8217;s common stock to four consultants for their services. Such stock-based
expenses were amortized over 5 years starting from the issuance date. Per the Company&#8217;s further review, the services, along with
the agreements, were completed by December 31, 2022. Pursuant to ASC 718, the costs of services should be recognized along with the period
when services are received. Therefore, the Company reversed share-based compensation expenses of $451,480 and $902,960 for the years
ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The accumulated deficit as of December 31, 2022 was corrected with the Stock Subscription
Receivables for $1,354,440 as a result of such adjustments.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Please read the impacts of the 2023 restatement
in our audited 2024 consolidated financial statements filed in our Form 10-K with the SEC on April 15, 2025.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 8pt; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"><i>Impact of the Restatement to the March
31, 2024 interim financial statements</i></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 8pt; text-align: justify"><b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"><i>&#160;</i></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The impact of the restatement on the balance
sheets, statements of operations, and statements of cash flows as of and for the three months ended March 31, 2024 is presented below.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</b></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="10" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">March 31, 2024</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Unaudited
                                            Condensed</b></p>Consolidated Balance Sheets</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">As Reported</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Adjustments</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">As Restated</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 64%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Prepaid expense and other current asset</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">383,309</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Property and equipment, net</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(7,400,000</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">549,150</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Prepayment for asset acquisition</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-327"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">691,900</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">691,900</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Total Assets</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(6,484,392</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
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    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">89,502</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">391,474</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Current Liabilities</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">6,633,614</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(455,908</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">6,177,706</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Total Liabilities</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">6,973,447</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(455,908</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">6,517,539</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Additional paid-in capital</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">86,029,237</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(9,025,036</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">77,004,201</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Total stockholders&#8217; equity</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">7,792,076</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(6,092,525</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">1,699,551</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Noncontrolling interest</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(305,121</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">64,040</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(241,081</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Total Equity</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">7,486,955</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(6,028,485</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">1,458,470</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Total Liabilities and Equity</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">14,460,402</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(6,484,393</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">7,976,009</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  </table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="10" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Three Months Ended March 31,
    2024</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Unaudited
                                            Condensed</b></p>Consolidated Statements of Operations</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">As Reported</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Adjustments</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">As Restated</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 64%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Selling, general and administrative expenses</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">831,257</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(92,771</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">738,486</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Stock based compensation</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">2,544,995</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(513,364</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">2,031,631</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Interest expenses</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(684,683</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">503,007</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(181,676</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(48,043</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(45,425</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(93,468</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Net loss</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(3,981,019</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">1,053,352</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(2,927,667</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Basic and diluted net loss per common share</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(0.40</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">0.11</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(0.29</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td></tr>
  </table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="10" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Three Months Ended March 31,
    2024</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold"><p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Unaudited Condensed</span></p>
                                                                    <p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Consolidated Statements
                                            of Cash Flows</span></p></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">As Reported</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Adjustments</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">As Restated</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 64%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Net loss</span></td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(3,981,019</span></td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">1,053,355</span></td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(2,927,664</span></td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Stock-based compensation</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">2,544,995</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(513,364</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">2,031,631</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Other non-cash income and expenses</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">672,016</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(495,736</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">176,280</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Accrued expenses and other current liabilities</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">354,465</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(398,070</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(43,605</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Due to related parties</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">128,840</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(128,840</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-328"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Net cash used in operating activities</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(602,001</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(353,815</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(955,816</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Due to related parties*</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-329"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(217,981</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(217,981</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Net cash provided by financing activities</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">805,006</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">119,141</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">924,147</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(260,783</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">234,674</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(26,109</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Issuance of common stock for conversion of debt</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">681,000</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">213,426</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">467,574</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  </table>


<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 0in"></td><td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">*</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Due to related parties previously reported amount was reclassified to financing activities based on current year&#8217;s presentation.</span></td>
</tr></table><span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">2. LIQUIDITY, GOING CONCERN, AND RESTATEMENT</b></p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"><i>Liquidity and Going Concern</i></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The accompanying financial statements have
been prepared in conformity with the generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (the &#8220;U.S. GAAP&#8221;)
which contemplates continuation of the Company on a going concern basis. The going concern basis assumes that assets are realized, and
liabilities are settled in the ordinary course of business at amounts disclosed in the financial statements. The Company&#8217;s ability
to continue as a going concern depends upon its ability to market and sell its products to generate positive operating cash flows. For
the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company reported net loss of $5,259,037. As of December 31, 2024, the Company&#8217;s working capital
deficit was $4,377,646.&#160; In addition, the Company had net cash outflows of $1,809,145&#160;from operating activities for the year
ended December 31, 2024. These conditions give rise to substantial doubt as to whether the Company will be able to continue as a going
concern.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">To sustain its ability to support the Company&#8217;s
operating activities, the Company may have to consider supplementing its available sources of funds through the following sources:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">cash generated from
    operations;</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 24px; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 24px; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">other
    available sources of financing from banks and other financial institutions in the U.S. and in Taiwan; and</span></td></tr>
  </table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">financial support from the Company&#8217;s related parties and shareholders.</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Management&#8217;s plan is to continue to
improve operations to generate positive cash flows and raise additional capital through private or public offerings, or financial support
from related parties or shareholders. If the Company is not able to generate positive operating cash flows, and raise additional capital,
there is the risk that the Company may not be able to meet its short-term obligations. All of these factors raise substantial doubt about
the ability of the Company to continue as a going concern. The consolidated financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2024
and 2023 have been prepared on a going concern basis and do not include any adjustments to reflect the possible future effects on the
recoverability and classifications of assets or the amounts and classifications of liabilities that may result from the inability of
the Company to continue as a going concern.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"><i>Restatement Background and Explanation</i></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 6.4pt 0pt 8pt; text-align: justify"><b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"><i>&#160;</i></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The Company has restated its financial statements
as of and for the year ended December 31, 2023, to correct misstatements in those prior periods related to improperly applying accounting
guidance on the share-based payments, incorrectly recognizing interest expenses upon the conversion of convertible debts, and misidentifying
the existence of non-controlling interest of our subsidiary.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 6.4pt 0pt 8pt; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">As disclosed in Note 5, the Company entered
into a cooperation agreement on August 14, 2023 with Zhong Hui Lian He Ji Tuan, Ltd. (the &#8220;Zhonghui&#8221;) to acquire 20% of the
ownership of certain property and a parcel of the land. According to the agreement, the Company issued 370,000 shares of its common stock
as the consideration, and used $20 dollar per share to recognize the right as construction in progress on the balance sheet.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 6.4pt 0pt 8pt; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">At the time of preparing its 2024 financial
statements, the Company reviewed the entire transaction, its relevant agreements and documentation, as well as the applicable accounting
guidance. The Company applied FASB Accounting Standard Codification (&#8220;ASC&#8221;) 845 Nonmonetary Transactions to determine the
fair value of the asset acquired would be more evident than the fair value of the consideration in exchange, the Company&#8217;s restricted
common stocks. The real estates acquired comes with a third-party valuation of $7,400,000 per the Company&#8217;s stake, which the value
of the acquired assets is guaranteed by Zhonghui. Upon further review, the Company considered ASC 718 Compensation &#8211; Stock Compensation,
should have been the appropriate guidance to apply given the Company&#8217;s common stocks are listed in Nasdaq with more observable
fair value (Level 1). Furthermore, at the time of issuance of these financial statements, no real estate title was transferred to the
Company. As a result, the Company adjusted the carrying value of the asset and reclassified the balance to &#8220;Prepayment for asset
acquisition&#8221; account to reflect the value of 370,000 shares issued at $1.87, the closing price as of the contract date. The Company
also corrected the share price used to recognize stock compensation expense from $20 to $1.87 for the 29,600 shares of common stock issued
on the same day to several consultants. As a result, these adjustments reduced $6,708,100 for asset recognized and $536,648 for stock-compensation
expense incurred in 2023.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">In February 2023, the Company issued a convertible
note to LIND Global Fund II, LP (Note 7). Due to misapplication of ASC 470-20 instead of ASC 815-40, the Company overstated interest
expenses $1,179,669 for the year ended December 31, 2023. The overstatement is offsetting against additional paid-in capital due to the
convertible note being converted to the Company&#8217;s own common stocks instead of being repaid or disposition.</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">In November 2023, the Company and one of its
subsidiaries entered into a licensing agreement with AiBtl. The Company accounted for a 100% control of AiBtl as of December 31, 2023,
but later discovered that AiBtl had outstanding founder shares that were not deposited to the stock transfer agent in the timely manner.
Such shares reduced the Company&#8217;s controlling interest from 100% to 69.70%. Accordingly, the Company adjusted the relevant accounts
in our consolidated financial statements.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">As discussed in Note 12, in July 2019 the
Company issued 644,972 shares (post-split) of the Company&#8217;s common stock to four consultants for their services. Such stock-based
expenses were amortized over 5 years starting from the issuance date. Per the Company&#8217;s further review, the services, along with
the agreements, were completed by December 31, 2022. Pursuant to ASC 718, the costs of services should be recognized along with the period
when services are received. Therefore, the Company reversed share-based compensation expenses of $451,480 and $902,960 for the years
ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The accumulated deficit as of December 31, 2022 was corrected with the Stock Subscription
Receivables for $1,354,440 as a result of such adjustments.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 6.4pt 0pt 8pt; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>



<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"><i>Impact of the Restatement</i></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 6.4pt 0pt 8pt; text-align: justify"><b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"><i>&#160;</i></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The impact of the restatement on the balance
sheets, statements of operations, and statements of cash flows as of and for the year ended December 31, 2023 is presented below.</span></p>


<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-size: 12pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="10" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">December 31, 2023</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Consolidated Balance Sheets</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">As <br/>
Reported</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Adjustments</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">As <br/>
Restated</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
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    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">691,900</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="font-size: 12pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 12pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 12pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 12pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Accrued expenses and other current liabilities</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">3,696,380</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(148,028</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">3,548,352</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Convertible notes payable &#8211; third parties, net</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">317,066</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Due to related parties</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">361</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">173,493</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Current Liabilities</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">5,932,490</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">169,399</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Total Liabilities</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">6,361,627</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">169,399</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="font-size: 12pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 12pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 12pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 12pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Additional paid-in capital</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">82,636,966</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(8,658,586</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">73,978,380</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Total stockholders&#8217; equity</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">8,388,050</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(6,833,940</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">1,554,110</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Noncontrolling interest</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(257,078</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(43,559</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(300,637</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Total Equity</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">8,130,972</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(6,877,499</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">1,253,473</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Total Liabilities and Equity</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">14,492,599</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(6,708,100</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">7,784,499</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  </table>


<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="10" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Year Ended December 31, 2023</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Consolidated Statements of Operations</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">As <br/>
Reported</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Adjustments</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">As <br/>
Restated</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 64%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Stock based compensation</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">1,635,708</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(1,449,775</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">185,933</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Interest expenses</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(2,493,340</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">1,179,669</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(1,313,671</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(394,632</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(98,162</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(492,794</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Net loss</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(10,910,288</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">2,629,444</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(8,280,844</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Basic and diluted net loss per common share</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(2.43</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">0.63</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(1.80</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td></tr>
  </table>


<p style="margin: 0"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="10" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Year Ended December
    31, 2023</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">As <br/>
Reported</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Adjustments</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">As <br/>
Restated</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 64%; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Net income (loss)</span></td><td style="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(10,910,288</span></td><td style="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td><td style="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">2,629,444</span></td><td style="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(8,280,844</span></td><td style="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Stock-based compensation</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">1,635,708</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(1,449,775</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">185,933</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Other non-cash income and expenses</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">2,413,746</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(1,169,501</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
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    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(148,031</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">638,762</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Due to related parties</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(186,860</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">186,860</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-257"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Net cash used in operating activities</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(4,235,845</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(48,997</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(4,186,848</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-258"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(186,499</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(186,499</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Proceeds from subsidiary&#8217;s executive contribution</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-259"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">137,500</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">137,500</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Net cash provided by financing activities</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">3,918,960</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(48,999</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">3,869,961</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-260"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2,125-</span></div></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(2</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">2,123</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Purchase of Property and equipment by issuing common stock to a third party</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">7,400,000</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(7,400,000</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-261"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Prepayment for asset acquisition by issuing common stock to a third party</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-262"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">691,600</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">691,900</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Issuance of common stock for conversion of debt</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">3,306,112</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(1,519,426</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">1,786,686</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  </table>


<p style="margin: 0"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of liquidity, going concern, and restatement.</p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Summary of Significant Accounting Policies<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">3 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Mar. 31, 2025</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th>
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<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SignificantAccountingPoliciesTextBlock', window );">SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">3. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline">Basis of Presentation</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration: none">The accompanying
unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the generally accepted accounting
principles in the United States of America (the &#8220;U.S. GAAP&#8221;). All significant intercompany transactions and account balances
have been eliminated. These financial statements do not include all the information and footnotes required by the U.S. GAAP for complete
financial statements. Certain information and note disclosures normally included in the annual financial statements prepared in accordance
with the U.S. GAAP have been condensed or omitted consistent with Article 8 of Regulation S-X. In the opinion of the Company&#8217;s
management, the unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the same basis as the audited financial
statements and include all adjustments, in a normal recurring nature, as necessary for the fair statement of the Company&#8217;s financial
position as of March 31, 2025, and results of operations and cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024. The unaudited
interim condensed consolidated balance sheet as of March 31, 2025 has been derived from the audited financial statements at December
31, 2024, and interim results of operations are not necessarily indicative of the results expected for the full fiscal year or for any
future period. These financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements as of and
for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, and related notes included in the Company&#8217;s audited consolidated financial statements.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration: none">This basis
of accounting involves the application of accrual accounting and consequently, revenues and gains are recognized when earned, and expenses
and losses are recognized when incurred. The Company&#8217;s unaudited financial statements are expressed in U.S. dollars.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Reclassifications</span>:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration: none">Certain
amounts on the prior year&#8217;s condensed consolidated balance sheets, condensed consolidated statements of operations and condensed
cash flows were reclassified to conform to the current-year presentation, with no effect on ending stockholders&#8217; equity.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline">Use of Estimates</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The preparation of financial statements in
conformity with the U.S. GAAP that requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and
liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the amount of
revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results could differ materially from those results.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline">Fair Value Measurements</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">ASC 820 &#8220;Fair Value Measurements&#8221;
defines fair value for certain financial and nonfinancial assets and liabilities that are recorded at fair value, establishes a framework
for measuring fair value and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. It requires that an entity measure its financial instruments
to base fair value on exit price, maximize the use of observable units and minimize the use of unobservable inputs to determine the exit
price. It establishes a hierarchy which prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value. This hierarchy increases
the consistency and comparability of fair value measurements and related disclosures by maximizing the use of observable inputs and minimizing
the use of unobservable inputs by requiring that observable inputs be used when available. Observable inputs are inputs that reflect
the assumptions market participants would use in pricing the assets or liabilities based on market data obtained from sources independent
of the Company. Unobservable inputs are inputs that reflect the Company&#8217;s own assumptions about the assumptions market participants
would use in pricing the asset or liability developed based on the best information available in the circumstances. The hierarchy prioritizes
the inputs into three broad levels based on the reliability of the inputs as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Level 1&#8211;&#160;Inputs
    are quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the Company has the ability to access at the measurement
    date. Valuation of these instruments does not require a high degree of judgment as the valuations are based on quoted prices in active
    markets that are readily and regularly available.</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Level 2&#8211;&#160;Inputs
    other than quoted prices in active markets that are either directly or indirectly observable as of the measurement date, such as
    quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable
    or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Level 3&#8211;&#160;Valuations
    based on inputs that are unobservable and not corroborated by market data. The fair value for such assets and liabilities is generally
    determined using pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies, or similar techniques that incorporate the assumptions a market
    participant would use in pricing the asset or liability.</span></td></tr>
  </table><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The carrying values of certain assets and
liabilities of the Company, such as cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivable, due from related parties, prepaid
expenses and other current assets, accrued expenses and other current liabilities, and due to related parties, approximate fair value
due to their relatively short maturities. The carrying value of the Company&#8217;s short-term bank loans, convertible notes payable,
and accrued interest approximates their fair value as the terms of the borrowing are consistent with current market rates and the duration
to maturity is short.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline">Concentration of Credit Risk</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The Company&#8217;s financial instruments
that are exposed to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents. The Company places its cash and temporary
cash investments in high quality credit institutions, but these investments may be in excess of the limit of $91,500 (NTD 3.0 million)
covered by Taiwan Central Deposit Insurance Corporation, and the limit of $250,000 covered by the U.S. Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation&#8217;s
insurance limits. However, the Company does not anticipate any losses on excess deposits. The Company does not enter into financial instruments
for hedging, trading or speculative purposes.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The Company performs ongoing credit evaluation
of its customers and requires no collateral. Credit losses and allowance for unbilled receivables are provided based on a review of the
collectability of accounts receivable. The Company determines the amount of allowance for doubtful accounts by examining its historical
collection experience and current trends in the credit quality of its customers as well as its internal credit policies. Actual credit
losses may differ from our estimates.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline">Concentration of Clients</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024,
management estimated all accounts receivable balances are uncollectible. Provision credit loss balances were $11,993 and $11,993 as of
March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">For the three months ended March 31, 2024,
the Company&#8217;s revenue was generated from one customer.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline">Cash and Cash Equivalents</span>&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The Company considers highly liquid investments
with maturities of three months or less to be cash equivalents when purchased. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company&#8217;s
cash and cash equivalents amounted to $152,206 and $248,382, respectively. Some&#160;of the Company&#8217;s cash deposits are held in
financial institutions located in Taiwan where there is currently regulation mandated on obligatory insurance of bank accounts. The Company
believes this financial institution is of high credit quality.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline">Restricted Cash </span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Restricted cash primarily consist of cash
held in a reserve bank account in Taiwan. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company&#8217;s restricted cash amounted $607,362
(NTD 20.2 million) and $615,433 (NTD 20.2 million), respectively.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline">Accounts receivable and allowance for expected credit losses
accounts</span>&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Accounts receivable are recorded and carried
at the original invoiced amount less an allowance for any potential uncollectible amounts.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The Company makes estimates of expected credit
and collectability trends for the allowance for credit losses and allowance for unbilled receivables based upon our assessment of various
factors, including historical experience, the age of the accounts receivable balances, credit quality of customers, current economic
conditions reasonable and supportable forecasts of future economic conditions, and other factors that may affect our ability to collect
from customers. The provision is recorded against accounts receivable balances, with a corresponding charge recorded in the consolidated
statements of income. Actual amounts received may differ from management&#8217;s estimate of credit worthiness and the economic environment.
Delinquent account balances are written-off against the allowance for doubtful accounts after management has determined that the likelihood
of collection is not probable.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Allowance for expected credit losses accounts
were $616,397 and $616,414 as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline">Revenue Recognition</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The Company recognizes revenue in accordance
with ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. Pursuant to ASC 606, the Company recognizes revenue when its customer obtains control
of promised goods or services, in an amount that reflects the consideration that the Company expects to receive in exchange for those
goods or services. To determine revenue recognition for arrangements that the Company determines is within the scope of ASC 606, the
Company performs the following five steps: (i) identify the contract(s) with a customer; (ii) identify the performance obligations in
the contract; (iii) determine the transaction price; (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract;
and (v) recognize revenue when (or as) the Company satisfies a performance obligation. The Company only applies the five-step model to
contracts when it is probable that the Company will collect the consideration the Company is entitled to in exchange for the goods or
services the Company transfers to the customers. At inception of the contract, once the contract is determined to be within the scope
of ASC 606, the Company assesses the goods or services promised within each contract, determines those that are performance obligations,
and assesses whether each promised good or service is distinct. The Company then recognizes as revenue the amount of the transaction
price that is allocated to the respective performance obligation when (or as) the performance obligation is satisfied.</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The following are examples of when the Company
recognizes revenue based on the types of payments the Company receives.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"><b>Collaborative Revenues &#8212; </b>The
Company recognizes collaborative revenues generated through collaborative research, development and/or commercialization agreements.
The terms of these agreements typically include payment to the Company related to one or more of the following: non-refundable upfront
license fees, development and commercial milestones, partial or complete reimbursement of research and development costs, and royalties
on net sales of licensed products. Each type of payments results in collaborative revenues except for revenues from royalties on net
sales of licensed products, which are classified as royalty revenues. To date, the Company has not received any royalty revenues. Revenue
is recognized upon satisfaction of a performance obligation by transferring control of a good or service to the collaboration partners.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">As part of the accounting for these arrangements,
the Company applies judgment to determine whether the performance obligations are distinct, and develop assumptions in determining the
stand-alone selling price for each distinct performance obligation identified in the collaboration agreements. To determine the stand-alone
selling price, the Company relies on assumptions which may include forecasted revenues, development timelines, reimbursement rates for
R&amp;D personnel costs, discount rates and probabilities of technical and regulatory success.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The Company had multiple deliverables under
the collaborative agreements, including deliverables relating to grants of technology licenses, regulatory and clinical development,
and marketing activities. Estimation of the performance periods of the Company&#8217;s deliverables requires the use of management&#8217;s
judgment. Significant factors considered in management&#8217;s evaluation of the estimated performance periods include, but are not limited
to, the Company&#8217;s experience in conducting clinical development, regulatory and manufacturing activities. The Company reviews the
estimated duration of its performance periods under its collaborative agreements on an annually basis, and makes any appropriate adjustments
on a prospective basis. Future changes in estimates of the performance period under its collaborative agreements could impact the timing
of future revenue recognition.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(i) Non-refundable upfront payments</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">If a license to the Company&#8217;s intellectual
property is determined to be distinct from the other performance obligations identified in an arrangement, the Company recognizes revenue
from the related non-refundable upfront payments based on the relative standalone selling price prescribed to the license compared to
the total selling price of the arrangement. The revenue is recognized when the license is transferred to the collaboration partners and
the collaboration partners are able to use and benefit from the license. To date, the receipt of non-refundable upfront fees was solely
for the compensation of past research efforts and contributions made by the Company before the collaborative agreements entered into
and it does not relate to any future obligations and commitments made between the Company and the collaboration partners in the collaborative
agreements.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(ii) Milestone payments</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The Company is eligible to receive milestone
payments under the collaborative agreement with collaboration partners based on achievement of specified development, regulatory and
commercial events. Management evaluated the nature of the events triggering these contingent payments, and concluded that these events
fall into two categories: (a) events which involve the performance of the Company&#8217;s obligations under the collaborative agreement
with collaboration partners, and (b) events which do not involve the performance of the Company&#8217;s obligations under the collaborative
agreement with collaboration partners.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The former category of milestone payments
consists of those triggered by development and regulatory activities in the territories specified in the collaborative agreements. Management
concluded that each of these payments constitute substantive milestone payments. This conclusion was based primarily on the facts that
(i) each triggering event represents a specific outcome that can be achieved only through successful performance by the Company of one
or more of its deliverables, (ii) achievement of each triggering event was subject to inherent risk and uncertainty and would result
in additional payments becoming due to the Company, (iii) each of the milestone payments is non-refundable, (iv) substantial effort is
required to complete each milestone, (v) the amount of each milestone payment is reasonable in relation to the value created in achieving
the milestone, (vi) a substantial amount of time is expected to pass between the upfront payment and the potential milestone payments,
and (vii) the milestone payments relate solely to past performance. Based on the foregoing, the Company recognizes any revenue from these
milestone payments in the period in which the underlying triggering event occurs.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(iii) Multiple Element Arrangements</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The Company evaluates multiple element arrangements
to determine (1) the deliverables included in the arrangement and (2) whether the individual deliverables represent separate units of
accounting or whether they must be accounted for as a combined unit of accounting. This evaluation involves subjective determinations
and requires management to make judgments about the individual deliverables and whether such deliverables are separate from other aspects
of the contractual relationship. Deliverables are considered separate units of accounting provided that: (i) the delivered item(s) has
value to the customer on a standalone basis and (ii) if the arrangement includes a general right of return relative to the delivered
item(s), delivery or performance of the undelivered item(s) is considered probable and substantially within its control. In assessing
whether an item under a collaboration has standalone value, the Company considers factors such as the research, manufacturing, and commercialization
capabilities of the collaboration partner and the availability of the associated expertise in the general marketplace. The Company also
considers whether its collaboration partners can use the other deliverable(s) for their intended purpose without the receipt of the remaining
element(s), whether the value of the deliverable is dependent on the undelivered item(s), and whether there are other vendors that can
provide the undelivered element(s).</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The Company recognizes arrangement consideration
allocated to each unit of accounting when all of the revenue recognition criteria in ASC 606 are satisfied for that particular unit of
accounting. In the event that a deliverable does not represent a separate unit of accounting, the Company recognizes revenue from the
combined unit of accounting over the Company&#8217;s contractual or estimated performance period for the undelivered elements, which
is typically the term of the Company&#8217;s research and development obligations. If there is no discernible pattern of performance
or objectively measurable performance measures do not exist, then the Company recognizes revenue under the arrangement on a straight-line
basis over the period the Company is expected to complete its performance obligations. Conversely, if the pattern of performance in which
the service is provided to the customer can be determined and objectively measurable performance measures exist, then the Company recognizes
revenue under the arrangement using the proportional performance method. Revenue recognized is limited to the lesser of the cumulative
amount of payments received or the cumulative amount of revenue earned, as determined using the straight-line method or proportional
performance method, as applicable, as of the period ending date.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">At the inception of an arrangement that includes
milestone payments, the Company evaluates whether each milestone is substantive and at risk to both parties on the basis of the contingent
nature of the milestone. This evaluation includes an assessment of whether: (1) the consideration is commensurate with either the Company&#8217;s
performance to achieve the milestone or the enhancement of the value of the delivered item(s) as a result of a specific outcome resulting
from its performance to achieve the milestone, (2) the consideration relates solely to past performance and (3) the consideration is
reasonable relative to all of the deliverables and payment terms within the arrangement. The Company evaluates factors such as the scientific,
clinical, regulatory, commercial, and other risks that must be overcome to achieve the particular milestone and the level of effort and
investment required to achieve the particular milestone in making this assessment. There is considerable judgment involved in determining
whether a milestone satisfies all of the criteria required to conclude that a milestone is substantive. Milestones that are not considered
substantive are recognized as earned if there are no remaining performance obligations or over the remaining period of performance, assuming
all other revenue recognition criteria are met.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(iv) Royalties and Profit Sharing Payments</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Under the collaborative agreement with the
collaboration partners, the Company is entitled to receive royalties on sales of products, which is at certain percentage of the net
sales. The Company recognizes revenue from these events based on the revenue recognition criteria set forth in ASC 606. Based on those
criteria, the Company considers these payments to be contingent revenues, and recognizes them as revenue in the period in which the applicable
contingency is resolved.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"><b>Revenues Derived from Research and Development
Activities Services (Also known as the Contract Development &amp; Manufacturing Organization Services (&#8220;CDMO&#8221;))</b> &#8212;
Revenues related to research and development and regulatory activities are recognized when the related services or activities are performed,
in accordance with the contract terms. The Company typically has only one performance obligation at the inception of a contract, which
is to perform research and development services. The Company may also provide its customers with an option to request that the Company
provides additional goods or services in the future, such as active pharmaceutical ingredient, API, or IND/NDA/ANDA/510K submissions.
The Company evaluates whether these options are material rights at the inception of the contract. If the Company determines an option
is a material right, the Company will consider the option a separate performance obligation.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">If the Company is entitled to reimbursement
from its customers for specified research and development expenses, the Company accounts for the related services that it provides as
separate performance obligations if it determines that these services represent a material right. The Company also determines whether
the reimbursement of research and development expenses should be accounted for as revenues or an offset to research and development expenses
in accordance with provisions of gross or net revenue presentation. The Company recognizes the corresponding revenues or records the
corresponding offset to research and development expenses as it satisfies the related performance obligations.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The Company then determines the transaction
price by reviewing the amount of consideration the Company is eligible to earn under the contracts, including any variable consideration.
Under the outstanding contracts, consideration typically includes fixed consideration and variable consideration in the form of potential
milestone payments. At the start of an agreement, the Company&#8217;s transaction price usually consists of the payments made to or by
the Company based on the number of full-time equivalent researchers assigned to the project and the related research and development
expenses incurred. The Company does not typically include any payments that the Company may receive in the future in its initial transaction
price because the payments are not probable. The Company would reassess the total transaction price at each reporting period to determine
if the Company should include additional payments in the transaction price.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The Company receives payments from its customers
based on billing schedules established in each contract. Upfront payments and fees may be recorded as advances from customers upon receipt
or when due, and may require deferral of revenue recognition for a future period until the Company performs its obligations under these
arrangements. Amounts are recorded as accounts receivable when the right of the Company to consideration is unconditional. The Company
does not assess whether a contract has a significant financing component if the expectation at contract inception is such that the period
between payment by the customers and the transfer of the promised goods or services to the customers will be one year or less.</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline">Stock-based Compensation</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The Company measures expense associated with all
employee stock-based compensation awards using a fair value method and recognizes such expense in the consolidated financial statements
on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period in accordance with ASC 718 &#8220;Compensation-Stock Compensation&#8221;.
Total director, officer, and employee stock-based compensation expenses were $0 and $1,935,755 for the three months ended March 31, 2025
and 2024, respectively.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The Company accounted for stock-based compensation
to non-employees in accordance with ASC 718 &#8220;Compensation-Stock Compensation&#8221; and ASC 505-50 &#8220;Equity-Based Payments
to Non-Employees&#8221; which requires that the cost of services received from non-employees is measured at fair value at the earlier
of the performance commitment date or the date service is completed and recognized over the period the service is provided. Total non-employee
stock-based compensation expenses were $48,773 for rent for the three months ended March 31, 2025, and $95,876&#160;for consulting services
for the three months ended March 31, 2024.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline">Commitments and Contingencies</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The Company has adopted ASC 450 &#8220;Contingencies&#8221;
subtopic 20, in determining its accruals and disclosures with respect to loss contingencies. Accordingly, estimated losses from loss
contingencies are accrued by a charge to income when information available before financial statements are issued or are available to
be issued indicates that it is probable that an asset has been impaired or a liability has been incurred at the date of the financial
statements and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. Legal expenses associated with the contingency are expensed as incurred.
If a loss contingency is not probable or reasonably estimable, disclosure of the loss contingency is made in financial statements when
it is at least reasonably possible that a material loss could be incurred.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline">Foreign-currency Transactions</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">For the Company&#8217;s subsidiaries in Taiwan,
the foreign-currency transactions are recorded in New Taiwan Dollars (&#8220;NTD&#8221;) at the rates of exchange in effect when the
transactions occur. Gains or losses resulting from the application of different foreign exchange rates when cash in foreign currency
is converted into NTD, or when foreign-currency receivables or payables are settled, are credited or charged to income in the year of
conversion or settlement. On balance sheet dates, the balances of foreign-currency assets and liabilities are restated at the prevailing
exchange rates and the resulting differences are charged to current income except for those foreign currencies denominated investments
in shares of stock where such differences are accounted for as translation adjustments under the Statements of Changes in Stockholders&#8217;
Equity.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p>




<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline">Segment Reporting</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">ASC 280 &#8220;Segment Reporting&#8221; requires
public companies to report financial and descriptive information about their reportable operating segments. The Company identifies the
operating segments based on how the chief operating decision maker internally evaluates separate financial information, business activities
and management responsibility.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The Company currently has&#160;one&#160;reportable
segment, and assets are reviewed on a consolidated basis. As such, segmental data is not provided.</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The following tables present revenue and gross
profit information for each of our only reportable segment:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">For The Three-Month<br/> Periods
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-330"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">1,205</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">277</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-332"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">928</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The following table provides a reconciliation
of total segment gross profit to the Company&#8217;s loss before provision for income tax:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-333"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
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    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">615,371</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">738,486</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Research and development expenses</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">28,861</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">69,066</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Stock-based compensation</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">48,773</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">2,031,631</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Add (Less):</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Interest income</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">19,071</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">4,049</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Interest expense</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(222,967</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(181,676</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Operating sublease income</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">12,000</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">8,000</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Gain (loss) on foreign exchange changes</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(9,912</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">60,730</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Loss on investment in equity securities</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(50,877</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-334"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Other income, net</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">1,500</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">19,485</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Loss before provision for income tax</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(944,190</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(2,927,667</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td></tr>
  </table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline">Recent Accounting Pronouncements</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No.
2023-09, Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures (Topic 740). The ASU requires disaggregated information about a reporting entity&#8217;s
effective tax rate reconciliation as well as additional information on income taxes paid. The ASU is effective on a prospective basis
for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is also permitted for annual financial statements that have not
yet been issued or made available for issuance. This ASU will likely result in the required additional disclosures being included in
our consolidated financial statements once adopted.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27.75pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU No.
2024-03, Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40). The ASU requires disclosure of specified information about certain costs
and expenses. This includes purchases of inventory, employee compensation, depreciation, and intangible asset amortization.&#160; The
ASU is effective on a prospective or retrospective basis for annual reporting period beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim reporting
period beginning after December 15, 2027. Early adoption is permitted. This ASU will likely result in the required additional disclosures
being included in our consolidated financial statements once adopted.</span></p><span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"><p style="margin: 0"><b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">3. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline">Basis of Presentation</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The accompanying consolidated financial statements
have been prepared in accordance with the U.S. GAAP and pursuant to the regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the &#8220;SEC&#8221;).
All significant intercompany transactions and account balances have been eliminated. The Company&#8217;s fiscal year is the calendar
year.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline">Reclassifications of Prior Year Presentation</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Certain amounts on prior year&#8217;s consolidated
financial statements have been reclassified for consistency with the current year presentation. These reclassifications had no effect
on the reported results of operations.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline">Use of Estimates</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The preparation of financial statements in
conformity with the U.S. GAAP that requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and
liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the amount of
revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results could differ materially from those results.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline">Stock Reverse Split</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">On July 25, 2023, the Company filed a Certificate
of Amendment to its Articles of Incorporation authorizing a 1-for-10 reverse stock split of the issued and outstanding shares of its
common stock. The Company&#8217;s stockholders previously approved the Reverse Stock Split at the Company&#8217;s Special Shareholder
Meeting held on July 7, 2023. The Reverse Stock Split was effected to reduce the number of issued and outstanding shares and to increase
the per share trading value of the Company&#8217;s common stock, although that outcome is not guaranteed. All shares and related financial
information in this Form 10-K reflect this 1-for-10 reverse stock split.&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline">Fair Value Measurements</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">ASC 820 &#8220;Fair Value Measurements&#8221;
defines fair value for certain financial and nonfinancial assets and liabilities that are recorded at fair value, establishes a framework
for measuring fair value and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. It requires that an entity measure its financial instruments
to base fair value on exit price, maximize the use of observable units and minimize the use of unobservable inputs to determine the exit
price. It establishes a hierarchy which prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value. This hierarchy increases
the consistency and comparability of fair value measurements and related disclosures by maximizing the use of observable inputs and minimizing
the use of unobservable inputs by requiring that observable inputs be used when available. Observable inputs are inputs that reflect
the assumptions market participants would use in pricing the assets or liabilities based on market data obtained from sources independent
of the Company. Unobservable inputs are inputs that reflect the Company&#8217;s own assumptions about the assumptions market participants
would use in pricing the asset or liability developed based on the best information available in the circumstances. The hierarchy prioritizes
the inputs into three broad levels based on the reliability of the inputs as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Level 1&#8211;&#160;Inputs
    are quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the Company has the ability to access at the measurement
    date. Valuation of these instruments does not require a high degree of judgment as the valuations are based on quoted prices in active
    markets that are readily and regularly available.</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Level 2&#8211;&#160;Inputs
    other than quoted prices in active markets that are either directly or indirectly observable as of the measurement date, such as
    quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable
    or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Level 3&#8211;&#160;Valuations
    based on inputs that are unobservable and not corroborated by market data. The fair value for such assets and liabilities is generally
    determined using pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies, or similar techniques that incorporate the assumptions a market
    participant would use in pricing the asset or liability.</span></td></tr>
  </table><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The carrying values of certain assets and
liabilities of the Company, such as cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivable, due from related parties, prepaid
expenses and other current assets, accrued expenses and other current liabilities, and due to related parties, approximate fair value
due to their relatively short maturities. The carrying value of the Company&#8217;s short-term bank loans, convertible notes payable,
and accrued interest approximates their fair value as the terms of the borrowing are consistent with current market rates and the duration
to maturity is short.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline">Concentration of Credit Risk</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The Company&#8217;s financial instruments
that are exposed to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents. The Company places its cash and temporary
cash investments in high quality credit institutions, but these investments may be in excess of the limit of $91,500 (NTD 3.0 million)
covered by Taiwan Central Deposit Insurance Corporation, and the limit of $250,000 covered by the U.S. Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation&#8217;s
insurance limits. However, the Company does not anticipate any losses on excess deposits. The Company does not enter into financial instruments
for hedging, trading or speculative purposes.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The Company performs ongoing credit evaluation
of its customers and requires no collateral. Credit losses and allowance for unbilled receivables are provided based on a review of the
collectability of accounts receivable. The Company determines the amount of allowance for doubtful accounts by examining its historical
collection experience and current trends in the credit quality of its customers as well as its internal credit policies. Actual credit
losses may differ from our estimates.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline">Concentration of Clients</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">As of December 31, 2024, management estimated
all accounts receivable balances are uncollectible and recognized $11,993 of credit loss.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">As of December 31, 2023, the most major clients,
specializes in developing and commercializing of dietary supplements and therapeutics in dietary supplement industry, accounted for 87%
of the Company&#8217;s total account receivable.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">For the year ended December 31, 2024, the
out-licensing income from our two major licensees, accounts for 58% and 39% of the Company&#8217;s total revenues.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">For the year ended December 31, 2023, the
major client, distributing nutritional supplements in Asia Pacific, accounted for 80% of the Company&#8217;s total revenues.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline">Cash and Cash Equivalents</span>&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The Company considers highly liquid investments
with maturities of three months or less to be cash equivalents when purchased. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company&#8217;s
cash and cash equivalents amounted to $248,382 and $60,155, respectively. Some&#160;of the Company&#8217;s cash deposits are held in
financial institutions located in Taiwan where there is currently regulation mandated on obligatory insurance of bank accounts. The Company
believes this financial institution is of high credit quality.</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline">Restricted Cash </span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Restricted cash primarily consist of cash
held in a reserve bank account in Taiwan. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company&#8217;s restricted cash amounted $615,433 (NTD
20.2 million) and $656,625 (NTD 20.1 million), respectively.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline">Accounts receivable and allowance for expected credit losses
accounts</span>&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Accounts receivable is recorded and carried
at the original invoiced amount less an allowance for any potential uncollectible amounts.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The Company make estimates of expected credit
and collectability trends for the allowance for credit losses and allowance for unbilled receivables based upon our assessment of various
factors, including historical experience, the age of the accounts receivable balances, credit quality of customers, current economic
conditions reasonable and supportable forecasts of future economic conditions, and other factors that may affect our ability to collect
from customers. The provision is recorded against accounts receivable balances, with a corresponding charge recorded in the consolidated
statements of income. Actual amounts received may differ from management&#8217;s estimate of credit worthiness and the economic environment.
Delinquent account balances are written-off against the allowance for doubtful accounts after management has determined that the likelihood
of collection is not probable.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Allowance for expected credit losses accounts
was $616,414 and $616,505 as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline">Revenue Recognition</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The Company recognizes revenue in accordance
with ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. Pursuant to ASC 606, the Company recognizes revenue when its customer obtains control
of promised goods or services, in an amount that reflects the consideration that the Company expects to receive in exchange for those
goods or services. To determine revenue recognition for arrangements that the Company determines is within the scope of ASC 606, the
Company performs the following five steps: (i) identify the contract(s) with a customer; (ii) identify the performance obligations in
the contract; (iii) determine the transaction price; (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract;
and (v) recognize revenue when (or as) the Company satisfies a performance obligation. The Company only applies the five-step model to
contracts when it is probable that the Company will collect the consideration the Company is entitled to in exchange for the goods or
services the Company transfers to the customers. At inception of the contract, once the contract is determined to be within the scope
of ASC 606, the Company assesses the goods or services promised within each contract, determines those that are performance obligations,
and assesses whether each promised good or service is distinct. The Company then recognizes as revenue the amount of the transaction
price that is allocated to the respective performance obligation when (or as) the performance obligation is satisfied.</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The following are examples of when the Company
recognizes revenue based on the types of payments the Company receives.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"><b>Collaborative Revenues &#8212; </b>The
Company recognizes collaborative revenues generated through collaborative research, development and/or commercialization agreements.
The terms of these agreements typically include payment to the Company related to one or more of the following: non-refundable upfront
license fees, development and commercial milestones, partial or complete reimbursement of research and development costs, and royalties
on net sales of licensed products. Each type of payments results in collaborative revenues except for revenues from royalties on net
sales of licensed products, which are classified as royalty revenues. To date, the Company has not received any royalty revenues. Revenue
is recognized upon satisfaction of a performance obligation by transferring control of a good or service to the collaboration partners.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">As part of the accounting for these arrangements,
the Company applies judgment to determine whether the performance obligations are distinct, and develop assumptions in determining the
stand-alone selling price for each distinct performance obligation identified in the collaboration agreements. To determine the stand-alone
selling price, the Company relies on assumptions which may include forecasted revenues, development timelines, reimbursement rates for
R&amp;D personnel costs, discount rates and probabilities of technical and regulatory success.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The Company had multiple deliverables under
the collaborative agreements, including deliverables relating to grants of technology licenses, regulatory and clinical development,
and marketing activities. Estimation of the performance periods of the Company&#8217;s deliverables requires the use of management&#8217;s
judgment. Significant factors considered in management&#8217;s evaluation of the estimated performance periods include, but are not limited
to, the Company&#8217;s experience in conducting clinical development, regulatory and manufacturing activities. The Company reviews the
estimated duration of its performance periods under its collaborative agreements on an annually basis, and makes any appropriate adjustments
on a prospective basis. Future changes in estimates of the performance period under its collaborative agreements could impact the timing
of future revenue recognition.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(i) Non-refundable upfront payments</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">If a license to the Company&#8217;s intellectual
property is determined to be distinct from the other performance obligations identified in an arrangement, the Company recognizes revenue
from the related non-refundable upfront payments based on the relative standalone selling price prescribed to the license compared to
the total selling price of the arrangement. The revenue is recognized when the license is transferred to the collaboration partners and
the collaboration partners are able to use and benefit from the license. To date, the receipt of non-refundable upfront fees was solely
for the compensation of past research efforts and contributions made by the Company before the collaborative agreements entered into
and it does not relate to any future obligations and commitments made between the Company and the collaboration partners in the collaborative
agreements.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(ii) Milestone payments</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The Company is eligible to receive milestone
payments under the collaborative agreement with collaboration partners based on achievement of specified development, regulatory and
commercial events. Management evaluated the nature of the events triggering these contingent payments, and concluded that these events
fall into two categories: (a) events which involve the performance of the Company&#8217;s obligations under the collaborative agreement
with collaboration partners, and (b) events which do not involve the performance of the Company&#8217;s obligations under the collaborative
agreement with collaboration partners.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The former category of milestone payments
consists of those triggered by development and regulatory activities in the territories specified in the collaborative agreements. Management
concluded that each of these payments constitute substantive milestone payments. This conclusion was based primarily on the facts that
(i) each triggering event represents a specific outcome that can be achieved only through successful performance by the Company of one
or more of its deliverables, (ii) achievement of each triggering event was subject to inherent risk and uncertainty and would result
in additional payments becoming due to the Company, (iii) each of the milestone payments is non-refundable, (iv) substantial effort is
required to complete each milestone, (v) the amount of each milestone payment is reasonable in relation to the value created in achieving
the milestone, (vi) a substantial amount of time is expected to pass between the upfront payment and the potential milestone payments,
and (vii) the milestone payments relate solely to past performance. Based on the foregoing, the Company recognizes any revenue from these
milestone payments in the period in which the underlying triggering event occurs.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(iii) Multiple Element Arrangements</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The Company evaluates multiple element arrangements
to determine (1) the deliverables included in the arrangement and (2) whether the individual deliverables represent separate units of
accounting or whether they must be accounted for as a combined unit of accounting. This evaluation involves subjective determinations
and requires management to make judgments about the individual deliverables and whether such deliverables are separate from other aspects
of the contractual relationship. Deliverables are considered separate units of accounting provided that: (i) the delivered item(s) has
value to the customer on a standalone basis and (ii) if the arrangement includes a general right of return relative to the delivered
item(s), delivery or performance of the undelivered item(s) is considered probable and substantially within its control. In assessing
whether an item under a collaboration has standalone value, the Company considers factors such as the research, manufacturing, and commercialization
capabilities of the collaboration partner and the availability of the associated expertise in the general marketplace. The Company also
considers whether its collaboration partners can use the other deliverable(s) for their intended purpose without the receipt of the remaining
element(s), whether the value of the deliverable is dependent on the undelivered item(s), and whether there are other vendors that can
provide the undelivered element(s).</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The Company recognizes arrangement consideration
allocated to each unit of accounting when all of the revenue recognition criteria in ASC 606 are satisfied for that particular unit of
accounting. In the event that a deliverable does not represent a separate unit of accounting, the Company recognizes revenue from the
combined unit of accounting over the Company&#8217;s contractual or estimated performance period for the undelivered elements, which
is typically the term of the Company&#8217;s research and development obligations. If there is no discernible pattern of performance
or objectively measurable performance measures do not exist, then the Company recognizes revenue under the arrangement on a straight-line
basis over the period the Company is expected to complete its performance obligations. Conversely, if the pattern of performance in which
the service is provided to the customer can be determined and objectively measurable performance measures exist, then the Company recognizes
revenue under the arrangement using the proportional performance method. Revenue recognized is limited to the lesser of the cumulative
amount of payments received or the cumulative amount of revenue earned, as determined using the straight-line method or proportional
performance method, as applicable, as of the period ending date.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">At the inception of an arrangement that includes
milestone payments, the Company evaluates whether each milestone is substantive and at risk to both parties on the basis of the contingent
nature of the milestone. This evaluation includes an assessment of whether: (1) the consideration is commensurate with either the Company&#8217;s
performance to achieve the milestone or the enhancement of the value of the delivered item(s) as a result of a specific outcome resulting
from its performance to achieve the milestone, (2) the consideration relates solely to past performance and (3) the consideration is
reasonable relative to all of the deliverables and payment terms within the arrangement. The Company evaluates factors such as the scientific,
clinical, regulatory, commercial, and other risks that must be overcome to achieve the particular milestone and the level of effort and
investment required to achieve the particular milestone in making this assessment. There is considerable judgment involved in determining
whether a milestone satisfies all of the criteria required to conclude that a milestone is substantive. Milestones that are not considered
substantive are recognized as earned if there are no remaining performance obligations or over the remaining period of performance, assuming
all other revenue recognition criteria are met.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(iv) Royalties and Profit Sharing Payments</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Under the collaborative agreement with the
collaboration partners, the Company is entitled to receive royalties on sales of products, which is at certain percentage of the net
sales. The Company recognizes revenue from these events based on the revenue recognition criteria set forth in ASC 606. Based on those
criteria, the Company considers these payments to be contingent revenues, and recognizes them as revenue in the period in which the applicable
contingency is resolved.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"><b>Revenues Derived from Research and Development
Activities Services (Also known as the Contract Development &amp; Manufacturing Organization Services (&#8220;CDMO&#8221;))</b> &#8212;
Revenues related to research and development and regulatory activities are recognized when the related services or activities are performed,
in accordance with the contract terms. The Company typically has only one performance obligation at the inception of a contract, which
is to perform research and development services. The Company may also provide its customers with an option to request that the Company
provides additional goods or services in the future, such as active pharmaceutical ingredient, API, or IND/NDA/ANDA/510K submissions.
The Company evaluates whether these options are material rights at the inception of the contract. If the Company determines an option
is a material right, the Company will consider the option a separate performance obligation.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">If the Company is entitled to reimbursement
from its customers for specified research and development expenses, the Company accounts for the related services that it provides as
separate performance obligations if it determines that these services represent a material right. The Company also determines whether
the reimbursement of research and development expenses should be accounted for as revenues or an offset to research and development expenses
in accordance with provisions of gross or net revenue presentation. The Company recognizes the corresponding revenues or records the
corresponding offset to research and development expenses as it satisfies the related performance obligations.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The Company then determines the transaction
price by reviewing the amount of consideration the Company is eligible to earn under the contracts, including any variable consideration.
Under the outstanding contracts, consideration typically includes fixed consideration and variable consideration in the form of potential
milestone payments. At the start of an agreement, the Company&#8217;s transaction price usually consists of the payments made to or by
the Company based on the number of full-time equivalent researchers assigned to the project and the related research and development
expenses incurred. The Company does not typically include any payments that the Company may receive in the future in its initial transaction
price because the payments are not probable. The Company would reassess the total transaction price at each reporting period to determine
if the Company should include additional payments in the transaction price.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The Company receives payments from its customers
based on billing schedules established in each contract. Upfront payments and fees may be recorded as advance from customers upon receipt
or when due, and may require deferral of revenue recognition to a future period until the Company performs its obligations under these
arrangements. Amounts are recorded as accounts receivable when the right of the Company to consideration is unconditional. The Company
does not assess whether a contract has a significant financing component if the expectation at contract inception is such that the period
between payment by the customers and the transfer of the promised goods or services to the customers will be one year or less.</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline">Property and Equipment, net</span></p>

<p style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"><i>&#160;</i></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Property and equipment, net is carried at
cost net of accumulated depreciation. Repairs and maintenance are expensed as incurred. Expenditures that improve the functionality of
the related asset or extend the useful life are capitalized. When property and equipment is retired or otherwise disposed of, the related
gain or loss is included in operating income. Leasehold improvements are depreciated on the straight-line method over the shorter of
the remaining lease term or estimated useful life of the asset. Depreciation is calculated on the straight-line method generally based
on the following useful lives:</span></p>

<p style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: justify; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Estimated&#160;Life<br/> in Years</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 91%; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Buildings and leasehold improvements</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 8%; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">5 ~ 50</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Machinery and equipment</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">5 ~ 10</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Office equipment</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">3 ~ 6</span></td></tr>
  </table>

<p style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline">Impairment of Long-Lived Assets</span></p>

<p style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The Company has adopted ASC subtopic 360-10,
Property, Plant and Equipment (&#8220;ASC 360-10&#8221;). ASC 360-10 requires that long-lived assets and certain identifiable intangibles
held and used by the Company be reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount
of an asset may not be recoverable. The Company evaluates its long-lived assets for impairment annually or more often if events and circumstances
warrant. Events relating to recoverability may include significant unfavorable changes in business conditions, recurring losses, or a
forecasted inability to achieve break-even operating results over an extended period. Should impairment in value be indicated, the carrying
value of intangible assets will be adjusted, based on estimates of future discounted cash flows resulting from the use and ultimate disposition
of the asset. ASC 360-10 also requires assets to be disposed of be reported at the lower of the carrying amount or the fair value less
costs to sell.</span></p>

<p style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline">Long-term Equity Investment</span>&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The Company acquires the equity investments
to promote business and strategic objectives. The accounting treatment for equity investments, where the Company does not have control
over the investees, is as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 10pt">Marketable equity investments: The Company measures marketable equity
    securities at fair value at each reporting date, with unrealized gains and losses recognized in net income in accordance with <span style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal">ASC
    321. Fair value is</span> determined based on quoted market prices or other observable inputs.</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Non-marketable equity
    investments: When the equity method does not apply, non-marketable equity investments are accounted for at cost, adjusted for observable
    price changes in orderly transactions for identical or similar investments and for impairments, if applicable.</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Equity method investments:
    Investments in which the Company has the ability to exercise significant influence, but not control, over the investee, are accounted
    for using the equity method. The Company recognizes its proportionate share of the investee&#8217;s income or loss in gains (losses)
    on equity investments on a monthly basis.</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Significant judgment is required to identify
whether an impairment exists in the valuation of the Company&#8217;s non-marketable equity investments, considering this a critical accounting
estimate. Its yearly analysis considers both qualitative and quantitative factors that may have a significant impact on the investee&#8217;s
fair value. Qualitative analysis of its investments involves understanding the financial performance and near-term prospects of the investee,
changes in general market conditions in the investee&#8217;s industry or geographic area, and the management and governance structure
of the investee. Quantitative assessments of the fair value of its investments are developed using the market and income approaches.
The market approach includes the use of comparable financial metrics of private and public companies and recent financing rounds. The
income approach includes the use of a discounted cash flow model, which requires significant estimates regarding the investees&#8217;
revenue, costs, and discount rates. The Company&#8217;s assessment of these factors in determining whether an impairment exists could
change in the future due to new developments or changes in applied assumptions.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline">Other-Than-Temporary Impairment</span></p>

<p style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The Company periodically reviews its non-marketable
equity investments and equity method investments, with recognition in profit and loss when declines in value are considered other than
temporary. the Company assesses the severity and duration of any impairment, along with qualitative and quantitative factors, such as
the investee&#8217;s financial performance, adverse market or regulatory conditions, operational changes, or additional funding needs.
Evidence of a loss in value might include the inability to recover the carrying amount of the investment or the investee&#8217;s failure
to sustain earnings capacity to justify its valuation. Impairments deemed other than temporary are recorded in gains (losses) on equity
investments, even if the decline exceeds the losses recognized under the equity method, where applicable.</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline">Convertible Notes Payable</span></p>

<p style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The Company accounts for convertible notes
payable in accordance with ASC 470-20, Debt with Conversion and Other Options, and ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging, as applicable. Upon
issuance, the Company evaluates whether the embedded conversion feature should be bifurcated as a derivative under ASC 815 or classified
within equity under ASC 470-20. This assessment includes analyzing the terms of the conversion feature and determining if it requires
separate accounting. If the conversion feature is classified as equity, the proceeds from the issuance are allocated between the debt
and equity components. The debt component is recorded at its fair value, and the residual amount is allocated to equity. The debt component
is carried at amortized cost, with any discount amortized to interest expense over the term of the note using the effective interest
method. Upon conversion, the carrying amount of the debt is reclassified to equity, and no gain or loss is recognized. If the note is
settled in cash, any difference between the carrying amount and the settlement amount is recognized in profit and loss.</span></p>

<p style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline">Warrants</span></p>

<p style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The Company accounts for warrants as either
equity-classified or liability-classified instruments based on an assessment of the warrant&#8217;s specific terms and applicable authoritative
guidance in ASC 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity (&#8220;ASC 480&#8221;) and ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging (&#8220;ASC
815&#8221;). The assessment considers whether the warrants are freestanding financial instruments pursuant to ASC 480, meet the definition
of a liability pursuant to ASC 480, and whether the warrants meet all of the requirements for equity classification under ASC 815, including
whether the warrants are indexed to the Company&#8217;s own common shares and whether the warrant holders could potentially require &#8220;net
cash settlement&#8221; in a circumstance outside of the Company&#8217;s control, among other conditions for equity classification. This
assessment, which requires the use of professional judgment, is conducted at the time of warrant issuance and as of each subsequent quarterly
period end date while the warrants are outstanding. The Company determined that upon further review of the warrant agreement, the Public
Warrants issued pursuant to the warrant agreement qualify for equity accounting treatment.</span></p>

<p style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">For issued or modified warrants that meet
all of the criteria for equity classification, the warrants are required to be recorded as a component of equity at the time of issuance.
For issued or modified warrants that do not meet all the criteria for equity classification, the warrants are required to be recorded
as liabilities at their initial fair value on the date of issuance, and each balance sheet date thereafter. Changes in the estimated
fair value of the warrants are recognized as a non-cash gain or loss on the statements of operations.&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline">Research and Development Expenses</span></p>

<p style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The Company accounts for the cost of using
licensing rights in research and development cost according to ASC 730-10-25-1. This guidance provides that absent alternative future
uses the acquisition of product rights to be used in research and development activities must be charged to research and development
expenses when incurred.</span></p>

<p style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The Company accounts for R&amp;D costs in
accordance with ASC 730, Research and Development (&#8220;ASC 730&#8221;). Research and development expenses are charged to expense as
incurred unless there is an alternative future use in other research and development projects or otherwise. Research and development
expenses are comprised of costs incurred in performing research and development activities, including personnel-related costs, facilities-related
overhead, and outside contracted services including clinical trial costs, manufacturing and process development costs for both clinical
and preclinical materials, research costs, and other consulting services. Non-refundable advance payment for goods and services that
will be used in future research and development activities are expensed when the activity has been performed or when the goods have been
received rather than when the payment is made. In instances where the Company enters into agreements with third parties to provide research
and development services, costs are expensed as services are performed.</span></p>

<p style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline">Post-retirement and post-employment benefits</span></p>

<p style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"><i>&#160;</i></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The Company&#8217;s subsidiaries in Taiwan
adopted the government mandated defined contribution plan pursuant to the Labor Pension Act (the &#8220;Act&#8221;) in Taiwan. Such labor
regulations require that the rate of contribution made by an employer to the Labor Pension Fund per month shall not be less than 6% of
the worker&#8217;s monthly salaries. Pursuant to the Act, the Company makes monthly contribution equal to 6% of employees&#8217; salaries
to the employees&#8217; pension fund. The Company has no legal obligation for the benefits beyond the contributions made. The total amounts
for such employee benefits, which were expensed as incurred, were $11,642 (NTD 0.4 million) and $10,314&#160;(NTD 0.4 million) for the
years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Other than the above, the Company does not provide any other post-retirement or
post-employment benefits.</span></p>

<p style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline">Stock-based Compensation</span></p>

<p style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The Company measures expense associated with
all employee stock-based compensation awards using a fair value method and recognizes such expense in the consolidated financial statements
on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period in accordance with ASC 718 &#8220;Compensation-Stock Compensation&#8221;.
Total director, officer, and employee stock-based compensation expenses were $1,995,049 and $0 for the years ended December 31, 2024
and 2023, respectively.</span></p>

<p style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The Company accounted for stock-based compensation
to non-employees in accordance with ASC 718 &#8220;Compensation-Stock Compensation&#8221; and ASC 505-50 &#8220;Equity-Based Payments
to Non-Employees&#8221; which requires that the cost of services received from non-employees is measured at fair value at the earlier
of the performance commitment date or the date service is completed and recognized over the period the service is provided. Total non-employee
stock-based compensation expenses were $506,583 for consulting services and $271,828 for rent for the year ended December 31, 2024, and
$185,933&#160;for consulting services for the year ended December 31, 2023.</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline">Income Taxes</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 40.2pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The Company accounts for income taxes using
the asset and liability approach which allows the recognition and measurement of deferred tax assets to be based upon the likelihood
of realization of tax benefits in future years. Under the asset and liability approach, deferred taxes are provided for the net tax effects
of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used
for income tax purposes. A valuation allowance is provided for deferred tax assets if it is more likely than not these items will expire
before the Company is able to realize their benefits, or future deductibility is uncertain.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Under ASC 740, a tax position is recognized
as a benefit only if it is &#8220;more likely than not&#8221; that the tax position would be sustained in a tax examination, with a tax
examination being presumed to occur. The evaluation of a tax position is a two-step process. The first step is to determine whether it
is more-likely-than-not that a tax position will be sustained upon examination, including the resolution of any related appeals or litigations
based on the technical merits of that position. The second step is to measure a tax position that meets the more-likely-than-not threshold
to determine the amount of benefits recognized in the financial statements. A tax position is measured at the largest amount of benefit
that is greater than 50 percent likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement. Tax positions that previously failed to meet the more-likely-than-not
recognition threshold should be recognized in the first subsequent period in which the threshold is met. Previously recognized tax positions
that no longer meet the more-likely-than-not criteria should be de-recognized in the first subsequent financial reporting period in which
the threshold is no longer satisfied. Penalties and interest incurred related to underpayment of income tax are classified as income
tax expense in the year incurred. No significant penalty or interest relating to income taxes has been incurred for the years ended December
31, 2024 and 2023. GAAP also provides guidance on de-recognition, classification, interest and penalties, accounting in interim periods,
disclosures and transition.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline">Valuation of Deferred Tax Assets</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">A valuation allowance is recorded to reduce
the Company&#8217;s deferred tax assets to the amount that is more likely than not to be realized. In assessing the need for the valuation
allowance, management considers, among other things, projections of future taxable income and ongoing prudent and feasible tax planning
strategies. If the Company determines that sufficient negative evidence exists, then it will consider recording a valuation allowance
against a portion or all of the deferred tax assets in that jurisdiction. If, after recording a valuation allowance, the Company&#8217;s
projections of future taxable income and other positive evidence considered in evaluating the need for a valuation allowance prove, with
the benefit of hindsight, to be inaccurate, it could prove to be more difficult to support the realization of its deferred tax assets.
As a result, an additional valuation allowance could be required, which would have an adverse impact on its effective income tax rate
and results. Conversely, if, after recording a valuation allowance, the Company determines that sufficient positive evidence exists in
the jurisdiction in which the valuation allowance was recorded, it may reverse a portion or all of the valuation allowance in that jurisdiction.
In such situations, the adjustment made to the deferred tax asset would have a favorable impact on its effective income tax rate and
results in the period such determination was made.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline">Loss Per Share of Common Stock</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The Company calculates net loss per share
in accordance with ASC 260, &#8220;Earnings per Share&#8221;. Basic loss per share is computed by dividing the net loss by the weighted
average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted loss per share is computed similar to basic loss per share except
that the denominator is increased to include the number of additional common shares that would have been outstanding if the potential
common stock equivalents had been issued and if the additional common shares were dilutive. Diluted earnings per share excludes all dilutive
potential shares if their effect is anti-dilutive.</span></p>


<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline">Commitments and Contingencies</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The Company has adopted ASC 450 &#8220;Contingencies&#8221;
subtopic 20, in determining its accruals and disclosures with respect to loss contingencies. Accordingly, estimated losses from loss
contingencies are accrued by a charge to income when information available before financial statements are issued or are available to
be issued indicates that it is probable that an asset had been impaired or a liability had been incurred at the date of the financial
statements and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. Legal expenses associated with the contingency are expensed as incurred.
If a loss contingency is not probable or reasonably estimable, disclosure of the loss contingency is made in the financial statements
when it is at least reasonably possible that a material loss could be incurred.</span></p>


<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline">Foreign-currency Transactions</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">For the Company&#8217;s subsidiaries in Taiwan,
the foreign-currency transactions are recorded in New Taiwan Dollars (&#8220;NTD&#8221;) at the rates of exchange in effect when the
transactions occur. Gains or losses resulting from the application of different foreign exchange rates when cash in foreign currency
is converted into NTD, or when foreign-currency receivables or payables are settled, are credited or charged to income in the year of
conversion or settlement. On the balance sheet dates, the balances of foreign-currency assets and liabilities are restated at the prevailing
exchange rates and the resulting differences are charged to current income except for those foreign currencies denominated investments
in shares of stock where such differences are accounted for as translation adjustments under the Statements of Changes in Stockholders&#8217;
Equity.</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline">Segment Reporting</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">ASC 280 &#8220;Segment Reporting&#8221; requires
public companies to report financial and descriptive information about their reportable operating segments. The Company identifies the
operating segments based on how the chief operating decision maker internally evaluates separate financial information, business activities
and management responsibility.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The Company currently has&#160;one&#160;reportable
segment and assets are reviewed on a consolidated basis. As such, segment data is not provided.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The following tables present revenue and gross
profit information for each of our only reportable segment:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-size: 12pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">For The Years Ended<br/>
    December 31</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-size: 12pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">2024</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">2023 (Restated)</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 76%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Revenue</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">509,589</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">152,430</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Cost of Revenue</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">763</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">302,037</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Segment Gross Profit (Loss)</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">508,826</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(149,607</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="font-size: 12pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 12pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 12pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Depreciation expense</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">32,025</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">28,531</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  </table>


<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The following table provides a reconciliation
of total segment gross profit to the Company&#8217;s loss before provision for income tax:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-size: 12pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">For The Years Ended<br/>
    December 31</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-size: 12pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">2024</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">2023 (Restated)</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 76%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Segment Gross Profit (Loss)</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">508,826</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(149,607</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Less:</span></td><td style="font-size: 12pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 12pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Selling, general and administrative expenses</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">2,261,336</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">5,368,278</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Research and development expenses</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">179,272</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">1,062,916</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Stock-based compensation</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">2,773,460</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">185,933</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Add (Less):</span></td><td style="font-size: 12pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 12pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Interest income</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">87,358</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">185,481</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Interest expense</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(825,899</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(1,313,671</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Operating sublease income</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">48,478</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">65,900</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Gain (loss) on foreign exchange changes</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(25,135</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">22,690</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Loss on investment in equity securities</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(339,171</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(221,888</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Write off unclaimed accrued liabilities</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">255,592</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-263"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Other income, net</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">134,443</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">3,384</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Loss before provision for income tax</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(5,369,576</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(8,024,838</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td></tr>
  </table>


<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline">Recent Accounting Pronouncements</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">In August 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-05,
Business Combinations&#8212;Joint Venture Formations (Subtopic 805-60) which requires certain joint ventures to apply a new basis of
accounting upon formation by recognizing and initially measuring most of their assets and liabilities at fair value. The guidance does
not apply to joint ventures that may be proportionately consolidated and those that are collaborative arrangements. ASU 2023-05 is effective
for joint venture with a formation date on or after January 1, 2025, early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating
the impact that the standard will have on its unaudited consolidated financial statements.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No.
2023-09, Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures (Topic 740). The ASU requires disaggregated information about a reporting entity&#8217;s
effective tax rate reconciliation as well as additional information on income taxes paid. The ASU is effective on a prospective basis
for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is also permitted for annual financial statements that have not
yet been issued or made available for issuance. This ASU will likely result in the required additional disclosures being included in
our consolidated financial statements once adopted.</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU No.
2024-03, Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40). The ASU requires disclosure of specified information about certain costs
and expenses. This includes purchases of inventory, employee compensation, depreciation, and intangible asset amortization.&#160; The
ASU is effective on a prospective or retrospective basis for annual reporting period beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim reporting
period beginning after December 15, 2027. Early adoption is permitted. This ASU will likely result in the required additional disclosures
being included in our consolidated financial statements once adopted.</span></p><span></span>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Collaborative Agreements<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">3 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Mar. 31, 2025</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_CollaborativeAgreementsAbstract', window );"><strong>Collaborative Agreements [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CollaborativeArrangementDisclosureTextBlock', window );">COLLABORATIVE AGREEMENTS</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">4. COLLABORATIVE AGREEMENTS</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Collaborative agreements with BHK, a
related party</span></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>(i)</b></span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On February 24, 2015,
    BioLite Taiwan and BioHopeKing Corporation (the &#8220;BHK&#8221;) entered into a co-development agreement, (the &#8220;BHK Co-Development
    Agreement&#8221;), pursuant to which it is collaborative with BHK to develop and commercialize BLI-1401-2 (Botanical Drug) Triple
    Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) Combination Therapy (BLI-1401-2 Products) in Asian countries excluding Japan for all related intellectual
    property rights, and has developed it for medicinal use in collaboration with outside researchers. The development costs shall be
    shared 50/50 between BHK and the Company. The BHK Co-Development Agreement will remain in effect for fifteen years from the date
    of first commercial sale of the Product in in Asia excluding Japan.</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">On July 27, 2016, BioLite Taiwan and BHK agreed
to amend the payment terms of the milestone payment in an aggregate amount of $10 million based on the following schedule:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Upon the signing of
    the BHK Co-Development Agreement: $1 million, or 10% of total payment</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Upon the first Investigational
    New Drug (IND) submission and BioLite Taiwan will deliver all data to BHK according to FDA Reviewing requirement: $1 million, or
    10% of total payment</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">At the completion of
    first phase II clinical trial: $1 million, or 10% of total payment</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">At the initiation of
    phase III of clinical trial research: $3 million, or 30% of total payment</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Upon the New Drug Application
    (NDA) submission: $4 million, or 40% of total payment</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">In December 2015, BHK has paid a non-refundable
upfront cash payment of $1 million, or 10% of $10.0 million, upon the signing of BHK Co-Development Agreement. The Company concluded
that the deliverables are considered separate units of accounting as the delivered items have value to the customer on a standalone basis
and recognized this cash receipt as collaboration revenue when all research, technical, and development data was delivered to BHK in
2015. The receipt is for the compensation of past research efforts and contributions made by BioLite Taiwan before this collaborative
agreement was signed and it does not relate to any future commitments made by BioLite Taiwan and BHK in this collaborative agreement.
In August 2016, the Company received the second milestone payment of <span style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-335">NTD31,649,000</span>, approximately equivalent to $1 million, and recognized
collaboration revenue for the year ended December 31, 2016. As of the date of this report, the Company has not completed the first phase
II clinical trial.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">In addition to the milestone payments, BioLite
Taiwan is entitled to receive royalty on 12% of BHK&#8217;s net sales related to BLI-1401-2 Products. As of March 31, 2025, the Company
has not earned the royalty under the BHK Co-Development Agreement.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(ii) On December 9, 2015, BioLite Taiwan entered
into another two collaborative agreements (the &#8220;BHK Collaborative Agreements&#8221;), pursuant to which it is collaborative with
BHK to co-develop and commercialize BLI-1005 for &#8220;Targeting Major Depressive Disorder&#8221; (BLI-1005 Products) and BLI-1006 for
&#8220;Targeting Inflammatory Bowel Disease&#8221; (BLI-1006 Products) in Asia excluding Japan for all related intellectual property
rights, and has developed it for medicinal use in collaboration with outside researchers. The development costs shall be shared 50/50
between BHK and the Company. The BHK Co-Development Agreement will remain in effect for fifteen years from the date of first commercial
sale of the Product in in Asia excluding Japan.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">In 2015, the Company recognized the cash receipt
in a total of <span style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-336">NTD50 million</span>, approximately equivalent to $1.6 million, as collaboration revenue when all research, technical, and development
data was delivered to BHK. The Company concluded that the deliverables are considered separate units of accounting as the delivered items
have value to the customer on a standalone basis and recognized this payment as collaboration revenue when all research, technical, data
and development data was delivered to BHK. The cash receipt is for the compensation of past research efforts and contributions made by
BioLite Taiwan before this BHK Collaborative Agreements was signed and it does not relate to any future commitments made by BioLite Taiwan
and BHK in this BHK Collaborative Agreements.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">In addition to the total of <span style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-337">NTD50 million</span>,
approximately equivalent to $1.6 million, BioLite Taiwan is entitled to receive 50% of the future net licensing income or net sales profit.
As of March 31, 2025, the Company has not earned the royalty under the BHK Collaborative Agreements.</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Co-Development agreement with Rgene
Corporation, a related party</span></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">On May 26, 2017, the Company through its subsidiary, BriVision, entered into a co-development agreement (the &#8220;Co-Dev Agreement&#8221;) with Rgene Corporation (the &#8220;Rgene&#8221;), a related party controlled by the controlling beneficiary shareholder of YuanGene Corporation (See Note 10). Pursuant to Co-Dev Agreement, the Company and Rgene agreed to co-develop and commercialize ABV-1507 HER2/neu Positive Breast Cancer Combination Therapy, ABV-1511 Pancreatic Cancer Combination Therapy and ABV-1527 Ovary Cancer Combination Therapy. Under the terms of the Co-Dev Agreement, Rgene is required to&#160;pay the Company $3.0 million in cash or stock of Rgene with equivalent value by August 15, 2017. The payment is for the compensation of the Company&#8217;s past research efforts and contributions before the Co-Dev Agreement was signed and it does not relate to any future commitments made by the Company and Rgene in this Co-Dev Agreement. In addition to $3.0 million, the Company is entitled to receive 50% of the future net licensing income or net sales profit earned by Rgene, if any, and any development costs shall be equally shared by both the Company and Rgene.</span></p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">On June 1, 2017, the Company has delivered
all research, technical, data and development data to Rgene. Since both Rgene and the Company are related parties and under control by
a controlling beneficiary shareholder of YuanGene Corporation and a director and officer of the Company, the Company has recorded the
full amount of $3.0 million in connection with the Co-Dev Agreement as additional paid-in capital during the year ended December 31,
2017. During the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company received $450,000 in cash. On December 24, 2018, the Company received the
remaining balance of $2,550,000 in the form of newly issued shares of Rgene&#8217;s Common Stock, at the price of <span style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-339">NTD50</span> per share (approximately
equivalent to $1.60 per share), for an aggregate number of 1,530,000 shares, which accounted for equity method long-term investment as
of December 31, 2018. On December 31, 2018, the Company determined to fully write off this investment based on the Company&#8217;s assessment
of the severity and duration of the impairment, and qualitative and quantitative analysis of the operating performance of the investee,
adverse changes in market conditions and the regulatory or economic environment, changes in operating structure of Rgene, additional
funding requirements, and Rgene&#8217;s ability to remain in business. All projects that have been initiated will be managed and supported
by the Company and Rgene.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The Company and Rgene signed an amendment
to the Co-Dev Agreement on November 10, 2020, pursuant to which both parties agreed to delete AB-1507 HER2/neu Positive Breast Cancer
Combination Therapy and ABV-1527 Ovary Cancer Combination Therapy and add ABV-1519 EGFR Positive Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Combination
Therapy and ABV-1526 Large Intestine / Colon / Rectal Cancer Combination Therapy to the products to be co-developed and commercialized.
Other provisions of the Co-Dev Agreement remain in full force and effect.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">On June 10, 2022, the Company expanded its
co-development partnership with Rgene. On that date, BioKey, ABVC has entered into a Clinical Development Service Agreement with Rgene
to guide three Rgene drug products, RGC-1501 for the treatment of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC), RGC-1502 for the treatment of pancreatic
cancer and RGC 1503 for the treatment of colorectal cancer patients, through completion of Phase II clinical studies under the U.S. FDA
IND regulatory requirements. Under the terms of the new Services Agreement, BioKey is eligible to receive payments totaling $3.0 million
over a 3-year period with each payment amount to be determined by certain regulatory milestones obtained during the agreement period.
The Service Agreement shall remain in effect until the expiration date of the last patent and automatically renew for 5 more years unless
terminated earlier by either party with six months&#8217; written notice. Either party may terminate the Service Agreement for cause
by providing 30 days written notice.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Through a series of transactions over the
past 5 years, the Company and Rgene have co-developed the three drug products covered by the Service Agreement, which has resulted in
the Company owning 26.65% of Rgene.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">As part of the Rgene Studies, the Company
agreed to loan $1.0 million and made $0.5 million to Rgene, for which Rgene has provided the Company with a 5% interest rate convertible
loan (the &#8220;Note&#8221;). If the Note is fully converted, the Company will own an additional 6.4% of Rgene. The Company is expected
to receive the outstanding loan from the related party by the first half of 2025, either by cash or conversion of shares of Rgene. The
Company may convert the Note at any time into shares of Rgene&#8217;s common stock at either (i) a fixed conversion price equal to $1.00
per share or (ii) 20% discount of the stock price of the then most recent offering, whichever is lower; the conversion price is subject
to adjustment as set forth in the Note. The Note includes standard events of default, as well as a cross-default provision pursuant to
which a breach of the Service Agreement will trigger an event of default under the Note if not cured after 5 business days of written
notice regarding the breach is provided. Upon an event of default, the outstanding principal and any accrued and unpaid interest shall
be immediately due and payable. The Note was fully converted to Rgene&#8217;s common stocks in 2024. See Note 6 for details.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The Service Agreement shall remain in effect
until the expiration date of the last patent and automatically renew for 5 more years unless terminated earlier by either party with
six months&#8217; written notice. Either party may terminate the Service Agreement for cause by providing 30 days written notice.</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Rgene has further agreed, effective July 1,
2022, to provide the Company with a seat on Rgene&#8217;s Board of Directors until the loan is repaid in full. The Company has nominated
Dr. Jiang, its Chief Strategy Officer and Director to occupy that seat; Dr. Jiang is also one of the Company&#8217;s director and officer.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The Rgene Studies is a related party transaction.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Collaborative agreement with BioFirst
Corporation, a related party</span></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">On July 24, 2017, the Company through its
subsidiary, BriVision, entered into a collaborative agreement (the &#8220;BioFirst Collaborative Agreement&#8221;) with BioFirst Corporation
(&#8220;BioFirst&#8221;), pursuant to which BioFirst granted the Company the global licensing right for medical use of the product (the
&#8220;Product&#8221;): BFC-1401 Vitreous Substitute for Vitrectomy. BioFirst is a related party to the Company because a controlling
beneficiary shareholder of YuanGene Corporation and the Company is one of the directors and common stock shareholders of BioFirst (See
Note 10).</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Pursuant to the BioFirst Collaborative Agreement,
the Company will co-develop and commercialize the Product with BioFirst and pay BioFirst in a total amount of $3.0 million in cash or
stock of the Company before September 30, 2018. The amount of $3.0 million is in connection with the compensation for BioFirst&#8217;s
past research efforts and contributions made by BioFirst before the BioFirst Collaborative Agreement was signed and it does not relate
to any future commitments in this BioFirst Collaborative Agreement. In addition, the Company is entitled to receive 50% of the future
net licensing income or net sales profit, if any, and any development cost shall be equally shared by both the Company and BioFirst.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">On September 25, 2017, BioFirst delivered
all research, technical, data and development data to the Company. The Company determined to fully expense the entire amount of $3.0
million since currently the related licensing rights do not have alternative future uses. According to ASC 730-10-25-1, absent alternative
future uses the acquisition of product rights to be used in research and development activities must be charged to research and development
expenses immediately. Hence, the entire amount of $3.0 million is fully expensed as research and development expense during the year
ended December 31, 2017.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">On June 30, 2019, BriVision entered into a
Stock Purchase Agreement (the &#8220;Purchase Agreement&#8221;) with BioFirst. Pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, the Company issued
<span style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-338">42,857 shares</span> (post-split) of the Company&#8217;s common stock to BioFirst in consideration for $3.0 million owed by the Company to BioFirst
(the &#8220;Total Payment&#8221;) in connection with BioFirst Collaborative Agreement.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">On August 5, 2019, BriVision entered into
a second Stock Purchase Agreement (&#8220;Purchase Agreement 2&#8221;) with BioFirst. Pursuant to Purchase Agreement 2, the Company issued
41,470 shares (post-split) of the Company&#8217;s common stock to BioFirst in consideration for $2,902,911 owed by the Company to BioFirst
in connection with a loan provided to BriVision from BioFirst.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">On November 4, 2020, the Company executed
an amendment to the BioFirst Collaborative Agreement to add ABV-2001 Intraocular Irrigation Solution and ABV-2002 Corneal Storage Solution
to the agreement. ABV-2002 is utilized during a corneal transplant procedure to replace a damaged or diseased cornea while ABV-2001 has
broader utilization during a variety of ocular procedures.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Initially the Company will focus on ABV-2002,
a solution utilized to store a donor cornea prior to either penetrating keratoplasty (full thickness cornea transplant) or endothelial
keratoplasty (back layer cornea transplant). ABV-2002 is a solution comprised of a specific poly amino acid that protects ocular tissue
from damage caused by external osmolarity exposure during pre-surgery storage. The specific polymer in ABV-2002 can adjust osmolarity
to maintain a range of 330 to 390 mOsM thereby permitting hydration within the corneal stroma during the storage period. Stromal hydration
results in (a) maintaining acceptable corneal transparency and (b) prevents donor cornea swelling. ABV-2002 also contains an abundant
phenolic phytochemical found in plant cell walls that provides antioxidant antibacterial properties and neuroprotection.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Early testing by BioFirst indicates that ABV-2002
may be more effective for protecting the cornea and retina during long-term storage than other storage media available today and can
be manufactured at lower cost. Further ABV-2002 product development was put on hold due to the lack of funding.</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">In addition, BioFirst was incorporated on
November 7, 2006, focusing on the R&amp;D, manufacturing, and sales of innovative patented pharmaceutical products. The technology of
BioFirst comes from the global exclusive licensing from domestic R &amp; D institutions. Currently, the main research and development
product is the vitreous substitute (Vitargus&#174;) Licensed by the National Health Research Institutes. Vitargus is the world&#8217;s
first bio-degradable vitreous substitute and offers a number of advantages over current vitreous substitutes by minimizing medical complications
and reducing the need for additional surgeries.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">BioFirst has started the construction of a
GMP factory in Hsinchu Biomedical Science Park, Taiwan, with the aim at building a production base to supply the global market, and promote
the construction of bio-degradable vitreous substitute manufacturing centers in Taiwan. Completion of this factory would allow ABVC to
manufacture Vitargus with world-class technology in a GMP certified pharmaceutical factory. BioFirst is targeting to complete the construction
in 2025.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">As of March 31, 2025, the Company has not
earned any net licensing income or net sales profit earned by BioFirst under these collaborative agreements.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Collaborative agreement with ForSeeCon
Eye Corporation, a related party</span></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">On March 25, 2024, the Company and BioFirst
each entered into a twenty-year, global definitive licensing agreement (the &#8220;FEYE Licensing Agreement&#8221;) with ForSeeCon Eye
Corporation, a company registered in the British Virgin Islands (&#8220;FEYE&#8221;) for the products in the Company and BioFirst&#8217;s
Ophthalmology pipeline, including Vitargus (the &#8220;Vitargus Products&#8221;). The license covers Vitargus Products&#8217; clinical
trial, registration, manufacturing, supply, and distribution rights; FEYE also has the rights to sublicense or partner with a third party
to develop the Licensed Products. As per each of the respective FEYE Licensing Agreements, each of the Company and BioFirst shall receive
a total licensing fee of $33.5 million, composed of an upfront payment of $30 million, which can instead be paid with 5 million shares
of FEYE stock at $6 per share within 30 days after the execution of the FEYE Licensing Agreement, and a $3.5 million cash milestone payment,
due 30 days upon completion of next round fundraising. Additionally, each of the Company and BioFirst are eligible to receive royalties
of 5% of net sales.&#160;As of March 31, 2025, the Company received 5 million FEYE shares but did not recognize such licensing revenue
since the fair value of FEYE stock is uncertain.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">On June 18, 2024, the Company and BioFirst,
each entered into an amendment (the &#8220;Amendment&#8221;) to the Licensing Agreement with FEYE, pursuant to which the Company and
BioFirst have agreed to allow FEYE to pay the second milestone payment in the amount of $3.5 million per Licensing Agreement, incrementally
(such as $100,000), at any given time, rather than in one lump sum. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company received in
cash and recognized revenue of $296,000, pursuant to the Amendment. There was no cash receipt in the three months periods ended March
31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Collaborative agreement with OncoX BiopPharma,
Inc., a related party</span></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">On April 16, 2024, the Company entered into
a definitive agreement with OncoX BioPharma, Inc., a private company registered in the British Virgin Islands (&#8220;Oncox&#8221;),
pursuant to which the Company will grant Oncox an exclusive right to develop and commercialize ABVC&#8217;s single-herb botanical drug
extract from the dry fruit body of Maitake Mushroom (Grifola Frondosa) for treatment of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (the &#8220;Lung Cancer
Products&#8221;), within North America for 20 years (the &#8220;April 2024 Oncox Agreement&#8221;). In consideration thereof, Oncox shall
pay ABVC $6.25 million (or 1.25 million Oncox shares valued at $5 per share) 30 days after entering into the agreement and $625,000,
30 days following the completion of Oncox&#8217;s next round of fundraising, of which there is no guarantee; ABVC is also entitled to
5% royalties based on the net sales, as defined in the April 2024 Oncox Agreement, from the first commercial sale of the Lung Cancer
Product in North America, of which there can be no guarantee. Oncox entered into another agreement with ABVC&#8217;s affiliate, Rgene
Corporation, on the same terms. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company received in cash and recognized revenue of $200,000
pursuant to the agreement. At the time of transferring the license, the Company also received 1.25 million OncoX shares but did not recognize
such licensing revenue since the fair value of Oncox stock is uncertain. There was no cash receipt in the three months periods ended
March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">On May 8, 2024, the Company entered into a
definitive agreement with OncoX, pursuant to which the Company will grant Oncox an exclusive right to develop and commercialize ABVC&#8217;s
BLEX 404 single-herb botanical drug extract from the dry fruit body of Maitake Mushroom (Grifola Frondosa) for treatment of Pancreatic
(the Pancreatic Product), within a certain territory, specified as 50% of the Worldwide Markets for 20 years (the &#8220;May 8, 2024
Oncox Agreement&#8221;). In consideration thereof, Oncox shall pay ABVC a total of $6.25 million (or 1.25 million Oncox shares valued
at $5 per share) within 30 days of entering into the May 8, 2024 Oncox Agreement, with an additional milestone payment of $625,000 in
cash after OncoX&#8217;s next round of fundraising, of which there can be no guarantee. Oncox may remit cash payments of at least $100,000
towards the licensing fees and deductible from the second milestone payment; ABVC is also entitled to royalties of 5% of net sales, as
defined in the May 8, 2024 Oncox Agreement, from the first commercial sale of the Pancreatic Product in the noted territory, which remains
uncertain. The Company will permit Oncox to pay the license fee in installments or in a lump sum and will allow Oncox to use its revenue
to fund such payments. Oncox entered into another agreement with ABVC&#8217;s affiliate, Rgene Corporation, on the same terms. At the
time of transferring the license, the Company also received 1.25 million OncoX shares but did not recognize such licensing revenue since
the fair value of Oncox stock is uncertain. There was no cash receipt in the three months periods ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">On May 14, 2024, the Company and its subsidiary,
BioLite Inc (collectively, the &#8220;licensor&#8221;), each entered into a licensing agreement with OncoX, on the same terms, pursuant
to which the licensors will grant Oncox an exclusive right to develop and commercialize ABVC&#8217;s BLEX 404 single-herb botanical drug
extract from the dry fruit body of Maitake Mushroom (Grifola Frondosa) for treatment of Tripple Negative Breast Cancer (the TNBC Product),
within a certain territory, specified as 50% of the Worldwide Markets for 20 years (the &#8220;May 14, 2024 Oncox Agreements&#8221;).
In each agreement for consideration thereof, Oncox shall pay each licensor a total of $6.25 million (or 1.25 million Oncox shares valued
at $5 per share) within 30 days of entering into the May 14, 2024 Oncox Agreements, with an additional milestone payment of $625,000
in cash after OncoX&#8217;s next round of fundraising, of which there can be no guarantee. Oncox may remit cash payments of at least
$100,000 towards the licensing fees and deductible from the second milestone payment; each licensor is also entitled to royalties of
5% of net sales, from the first commercial sale of the TNBC Product in the noted territory, which remains uncertain. The Company will
permit Oncox to pay the license fee in installments or in a lump sum and will allow Oncox to use its revenue to fund such payments. At
the time of transferring the license, the Company and BioLite also each received 1.25 million OncoX shares but did not recognize such
licensing revenue since the fair value of Oncox stock is uncertain. There was no cash receipt in the three months periods ended March
31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">On May 23, 2024, the Company and its subsidiary,
BioLite Inc (collectively, the &#8220;licensor&#8221;), each entered into a licensing agreement with OncoX, on the same terms, pursuant
to which the licensors will grant Oncox an exclusive right to develop and commercialize ABVC&#8217;s BLEX 404 single-herb botanical drug
extract from the dry fruit body of Maitake Mushroom (Grifola Frondosa) for treatment of Myelodysplastic Syndrome (the &#8220;MS Products&#8221;),
within a certain territory, specified as 50% of the Worldwide Markets for 20 years (the &#8220;May 23, 2024 Oncox Agreements&#8221;).
In consideration thereof, Oncox shall pay each licensor a total of $6.25 million (or 1.25 million Oncox shares valued at $5 per share)
30 days after entering the May 23, 2024 Oncox Agreements, with an additional milestone payment of $625,000 in cash after OncoX&#8217;s
next round of fundraising, of which there can be no guarantee. Oncox may remit cash payments of at least $100,000 towards the licensing
fees and deductible from the second milestone payment; each licensor is also entitled to royalties of 5% of net sales, from the first
commercial sale of the MS Product in the noted territory, which remains uncertain. Oncox may use its revenue to fund the licensing fees.
At the time of transferring the license, the Company and BioLite also each received 1.25 million OncoX shares but did not recognize such
licensing revenue since the fair value of Oncox stock is uncertain. There was no cash receipt in the three months periods ended March
31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Above mentioned price of OncoX&#8217;s shares
was determined through private negotiations between the parties; no third-party valuation was completed.</span></p><span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">4. COLLABORATIVE AGREEMENTS</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Collaborative agreements with BHK, a
related party</span></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>(i)</b></span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On February 24, 2015,
    BioLite Taiwan and BioHopeKing Corporation (the &#8220;BHK&#8221;) entered into a co-development agreement, (the &#8220;BHK Co-Development
    Agreement&#8221;), pursuant to which it is collaborative with BHK to develop and commercialize BLI-1401-2 (Botanical Drug) Triple
    Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) Combination Therapy (BLI-1401-2 Products) in Asian countries excluding Japan for all related intellectual
    property rights, and has developed it for medicinal use in collaboration with outside researchers. The development costs shall be
    shared 50/50 between BHK and the Company. The BHK Co-Development Agreement will remain in effect for fifteen years from the date
    of first commercial sale of the Product in in Asia excluding Japan.</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">On July 27, 2016, BioLite Taiwan and BHK agreed
to amend the payment terms of the milestone payment in an aggregate amount of $10 million based on the following schedule:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Upon the signing of
    the BHK Co-Development Agreement: $1 million, or 10% of total payment</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Upon the first Investigational
    New Drug (IND) submission and BioLite Taiwan will deliver all data to BHK according to FDA Reviewing requirement: $1 million, or
    10% of total payment</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">At the completion of
    first phase II clinical trial: $1 million, or 10% of total payment</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">At the initiation of
    phase III of clinical trial research: $3 million, or 30% of total payment</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Upon the New Drug Application
    (NDA) submission: $4 million, or 40% of total payment</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">In December 2015, BHK has paid a non-refundable
upfront cash payment of $1 million, or 10% of $10.0 million, upon the signing of BHK Co-Development Agreement. The Company concluded
that the deliverables are considered separate units of accounting as the delivered items have value to the customer on a standalone basis
and recognized this cash receipt as collaboration revenue when all research, technical, and development data was delivered to BHK in
2015. The receipt is for the compensation of past research efforts and contributions made by BioLite Taiwan before this collaborative
agreement was signed and it does not relate to any future commitments made by BioLite Taiwan and BHK in this collaborative agreement.
In August 2016, the Company has received the second milestone payment of <span style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-264">NTD31,649,000</span>, approximately equivalent to $1 million, and recognized
collaboration revenue for the year ended December 31, 2016. As of the date of this report, the Company has not completed the first phase
II clinical trial.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">In addition to the milestone payments, BioLite
Taiwan is entitled to receive royalty on 12% of BHK&#8217;s net sales related to BLI-1401-2 Products. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023,
the Company has not earned the royalty under the BHK Co-Development Agreement.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(ii) On December 9, 2015, BioLite Taiwan entered
into another two collaborative agreements (the &#8220;BHK Collaborative Agreements&#8221;), pursuant to which it is collaborative with
BHK to co-develop and commercialize BLI-1005 for &#8220;Targeting Major Depressive Disorder&#8221; (BLI-1005 Products) and BLI-1006 for
&#8220;Targeting Inflammatory Bowel Disease&#8221; (BLI-1006 Products) in Asia excluding Japan for all related intellectual property
rights, and has developed it for medicinal use in collaboration with outside researchers. The development costs shall be shared 50/50
between BHK and the Company. The BHK Co-Development Agreement will remain in effect for fifteen years from the date of first commercial
sale of the Product in in Asia excluding Japan.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">In 2015, the Company recognized the cash receipt
in a total of <span style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-265">NTD50 million</span>, approximately equivalent to $1.6 million, as collaboration revenue when all research, technical, and development
data was delivered to BHK. The Company concluded that the deliverables are considered separate units of accounting as the delivered items
have value to the customer on a standalone basis and recognized this payment as collaboration revenue when all research, technical, data
and development data was delivered to BHK. The cash receipt is for the compensation of past research efforts and contributions made by
BioLite Taiwan before this BHK Collaborative Agreements was signed and it does not relate to any future commitments made by BioLite Taiwan
and BHK in this BHK Collaborative Agreements.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">In addition to the total of <span style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-266">NTD50 million</span>,
approximately equivalent to $1.6 million, BioLite Taiwan is entitled to receive 50% of the future net licensing income or net sales profit.
As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company has not earned the royalty under the BHK Collaborative Agreements.</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Co-Development agreement with Rgene
Corporation, a related party</span></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">On May 26, 2017, the Company through its subsidiary,
BriVision, entered into a co-development agreement (the &#8220;Co-Dev Agreement&#8221;) with Rgene Corporation (the &#8220;Rgene&#8221;),
a related party under common control by controlling beneficiary shareholder of YuanGene Corporation and the Company (See Note 12). Pursuant
to Co-Dev Agreement, the Company and Rgene agreed to co-develop and commercialize ABV-1507 HER2/neu Positive Breast Cancer Combination
Therapy, ABV-1511 Pancreatic Cancer Combination Therapy and ABV-1527 Ovary Cancer Combination Therapy. Under the terms of the Co-Dev
Agreement, Rgene is required to&#160;pay the Company $3.0 million in cash or stock of Rgene with equivalent value by August 15, 2017.
The payment is for the compensation of the Company&#8217;s past research efforts and contributions before the Co-Dev Agreement was signed
and it does not relate to any future commitments made by the Company and Rgene in this Co-Dev Agreement. In addition to $3.0 million,
the Company is entitled to receive 50% of the future net licensing income or net sales profit earned by Rgene, if any, and any development
costs shall be equally shared by both the Company and Rgene.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">On June 1, 2017, the Company has delivered
all research, technical, data and development data to Rgene. Since both Rgene and the Company are related parties and under common control
by a controlling beneficiary shareholder of YuanGene Corporation and the Company, the Company has recorded the full amount of $3.0 million
in connection with the Co-Dev Agreement as additional paid-in capital during the year ended December 31, 2017. During the year ended
December 31, 2017, the Company has received $450,000 in cash. On December 24, 2018, the Company received the remaining balance of $2,550,000
in the form of newly issued shares of Rgene&#8217;s Common Stock, at the price of NTD50 per share (approximately equivalent to $1.60
per share), for an aggregate number of 1,530,000 shares, which accounted for equity method long-term investment as of December 31, 2018.
On December 31, 2018, the Company determined to fully write off this investment based on the Company&#8217;s assessment of the severity
and duration of the impairment, and qualitative and quantitative analysis of the operating performance of the investee, adverse changes
in market conditions and the regulatory or economic environment, changes in operating structure of Rgene, additional funding requirements,
and Rgene&#8217;s ability to remain in business. All projects that have been initiated will be managed and supported by the Company and
Rgene.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The Company and Rgene signed an amendment
to the Co-Dev Agreement on November 10, 2020, pursuant to which both parties agreed to delete AB-1507 HER2/neu Positive Breast Cancer
Combination Therapy and AB 1527 Ovary Cancer Combination Therapy and add ABV-1519 EGFR Positive Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Combination
Therapy and ABV-1526 Large Intestine / Colon / Rectal Cancer Combination Therapy to the products to be co-developed and commercialized.
Other provisions of the Co-Dev Agreement remain in full force and effect.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">On June 10, 2022, the Company expanded its
co-development partnership with Rgene. On that date, BioKey, ABVC has entered into a Clinical Development Service Agreement with Rgene
to guide three Rgene drug products, RGC-1501 for the treatment of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC), RGC-1502 for the treatment of pancreatic
cancer and RGC 1503 for the treatment of colorectal cancer patients, through completion of Phase II clinical studies under the U.S. FDA
IND regulatory requirements. Under the terms of the new Services Agreement, BioKey is eligible to receive payments totaling $3.0 million
over a 3-year period with each payment amount to be determined by certain regulatory milestones obtained during the agreement period.
The Service Agreement shall remain in effect until the expiration date of the last patent and automatically renew for 5 more years unless
terminated earlier by either party with six months written notice. Either party may terminate the Service Agreement for cause by providing
30 days written notice.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Through a series of transactions over the
past 5 years, the Company and Rgene have co-developed the three drug products covered by the Service Agreement, which has resulted in
the Company owning 31.62% of Rgene.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">As part of the Rgene Studies, the Company
agreed to loan $1.0 million to Rgene, for which Rgene has provided the Company with a 5% working capital convertible loan (the &#8220;Note&#8221;).
If the Note is fully converted, the Company will own an additional 6.4% of Rgene. The Company is expected to receive the outstanding
loan from the related party by the first half of 2025, either by cash or conversion of shares of Rgene. The Company may convert the Note
at any time into shares of Rgene&#8217;s common stock at either (i) a fixed conversion price equal to $1.00 per share or (ii) 20% discount
of the stock price of the then most recent offering, whichever is lower; the conversion price is subject to adjustment as set forth in
the Note. The Note includes standard events of default, as well as a cross default provision pursuant to which a breach of the Service
Agreement will trigger an event of default under the Note if not cured after 5 business days of written notice regarding the breach is
provided. Upon an event of default, the outstanding principal and any accrued and unpaid interest shall be immediately due and payable.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The Service Agreement shall remain in effect
until the expiration date of the last patent and automatically renew for 5 more years unless terminated earlier by either party with
six months written notice. Either party may terminate the Service Agreement for cause by providing 30 days written notice.</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Rgene has further agreed, effective July 1,
2022, to provide the Company with a seat on Rgene&#8217;s Board of Directors until the loan is repaid in full. The Company has nominated
Dr. Jiang, its Chief Strategy Officer and Director to occupy that seat; Dr. Jiang is also one of the Company&#8217;s largest shareholders,
owning 12.8% of the Company.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The Rgene Studies is a related party transaction.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Collaborative agreement with BioFirst
Corporation, a related party</span></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">On July 24, 2017, the Company through its
subsidiary, BriVision, entered into a collaborative agreement (the &#8220;BioFirst Collaborative Agreement&#8221;) with BioFirst Corporation
(&#8220;BioFirst&#8221;), pursuant to which BioFirst granted the Company the global licensing right for medical use of the product (the
&#8220;Product&#8221;): BFC-1401 Vitreous Substitute for Vitrectomy. BioFirst is a related party to the Company because a controlling
beneficiary shareholder of YuanGene Corporation and the Company is one of the directors and Common Stock shareholders of BioFirst (See
Note 10).</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Pursuant to the BioFirst Collaborative Agreement,
the Company will co-develop and commercialize the Product with BioFirst and pay BioFirst in a total amount of $3.0 million in cash or
stock of the Company before September 30, 2018. The amount of $3.0 million is in connection with the compensation for BioFirst&#8217;s
past research efforts and contributions made by BioFirst before the BioFirst Collaborative Agreement was signed and it does not relate
to any future commitments in this BioFirst Collaborative Agreement. In addition, the Company is entitled to receive 50% of the future
net licensing income or net sales profit, if any, and any development cost shall be equally shared by both the Company and BioFirst.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">On September 25, 2017, BioFirst has delivered
all research, technical, data and development data to the Company. The Company determined to fully expense the entire amount of $3.0
millionsince currently the related licensing rights do not have alternative future uses. According to ASC 730-10-25-1, absent alternative
future uses the acquisition of product rights to be used in research and development activities must be charged to research and development
expenses immediately. Hence, the entire amount of $3.0 million is fully expensed as research and development expense during the year
ended December 31, 2017.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">On June 30, 2019, BriVision entered into a
Stock Purchase Agreement (the &#8220;Purchase Agreement&#8221;) with BioFirst. Pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, the Company issued
<span style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-267">42,857 shares</span> (post-split) of the Company&#8217;s common stock to BioFirst in consideration for $3.0 million owed by the Company to BioFirst
(the &#8220;Total Payment&#8221;) in connection with BioFirst Collaborative Agreement.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">On August 5, 2019, BriVision entered into
a second Stock Purchase Agreement (&#8220;Purchase Agreement 2&#8221;) with BioFirst. Pursuant to Purchase Agreement 2, the Company issued
41,470 shares (post-split) of the Company&#8217;s common stock to BioFirst in consideration for $2,902,911 owed by the Company to BioFirst
in connection with a loan provided to BriVision from BioFirst.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">On November 4, 2020, the Company executed
an amendment to the BioFirst Collaborative Agreement to add ABV-2001 Intraocular Irrigation Solution and ABV-2002 Corneal Storage Solution
to the agreement. ABV-2002 is utilized during a corneal transplant procedure to replace a damaged or diseased cornea while ABV-2001 has
broader utilization during a variety of ocular procedures.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Initially the Company will focus on ABV-2002,
a solution utilized to store a donor cornea prior to either penetrating keratoplasty (full thickness cornea transplant) or endothelial
keratoplasty (back layer cornea transplant). ABV-2002 is a solution comprised of a specific poly amino acid that protects ocular tissue
from damage caused by external osmolarity exposure during pre-surgery storage. The specific polymer in ABV-2002 can adjust osmolarity
to maintain a range of 330 to 390 mOsM thereby permitting hydration within the corneal stroma during the storage period. Stromal hydration
results in (a) maintaining acceptable corneal transparency and (b) prevents donor cornea swelling. ABV-2002 also contains an abundant
phenolic phytochemical found in plant cell walls that provides antioxidant antibacterial properties and neuroprotection.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Early testing by BioFirst indicates that ABV-2002
may be more effective for protecting the cornea and retina during long-term storage than other storage media available today and can
be manufactured at lower cost. Further ABV-2002 product development was put on hold due the lack of funding.</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">In addition, BioFirst was incorporated on
November 7, 2006, focusing on the R&amp;D, manufacturing, and sales of innovative patented pharmaceutical products. The technology of
BioFirst comes from the global exclusive licensing from domestic R &amp; D institutions. Currently, the main research and development
product is the vitreous substitute (Vitargus&#174;) Licensed by the National Health Research Institutes. Vitargus is the world&#8217;s
first bio-degradable vitreous substitute and offers a number of advantages over current vitreous substitutes by minimizing medical complications
and reducing the need for additional surgeries.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">BioFirst has started the construction of a
GMP factory in Hsinchu Biomedical Science Park, Taiwan, with the aim at building a production base to supply the global market, and promote
the construction of bio-degradable vitreous substitute manufacturing centers in Taiwan. Completion of this factory would allow ABVC to
manufacture Vitargus with world-class technology in a GMP certified pharmaceutical factory. BioFirst is targeting to complete the construction
in 2025.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">As of December 31, 2024, the Company has not
earned any net licensing income or net sales profit earned by BioFirst under these collaborative agreements.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Collaborative agreement with ForSeeCon
Eye Corporation, a related party</span></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">On March 25, 2024, the Company and BioFirst
each entered into a twenty-year, global definitive licensing agreement (the &#8220;FEYE Licensing Agreement&#8221;) with ForSeeCon Eye
Corporation, a company registered in the British Virgin Islands (&#8220;FEYE&#8221;) for the products in the Company and BioFirst&#8217;s
Ophthalmology pipeline, including Vitargus (the &#8220;Vitargus Products&#8221;). The license covers the Vitargus Products&#8217; clinical
trial, registration, manufacturing, supply, and distribution rights; FEYE also has the rights to sublicense or partner with a third party
to develop the Licensed Products. As per each of the respective FEYE Licensing Agreements, each of the Company and BioFirst shall receive
a total licensing fee of $33.5 million, composed of an upfront payment of $30 million, which can instead be paid with 5 million shares
of FEYE stock at $6 per share within 30 days after the execution of the FEYE Licensing Agreement, and a $3.5 million cash milestone payment,
due 30 days upon completion of next round fundraising. Additionally, each of the Company and BioFirst are eligible to receive royalties
of 5% of net sales.&#160;As of December 31, 2024, the Company received 5 million FEYE shares but did not recognize such licensing revenue
since the fair value of FEYE stock is uncertain.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">On June 18, 2024, the Company and BioFirst,
each entered into an amendment (the <span style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal">&#8220;Amendment&#8221;) t</span>o the Licensing
Agreement with FEYE, pursuant to which the Company and BioFirst have agreed to allow FEYE to pay the second milestone payment in the
amount of $3.5 million per Licensing Agreement, incrementally (such as $100,000), at any given time, rather than in one lump sum. During
year ended December 31, 2024, the Company received in cash and recognized revenue of $296,000, respectively, pursuant to the Amendment.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Collaborative agreement with OncoX BiopPharma,
Inc., a related party</span></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">On April 16, 2024, the Company entered into
a definitive agreement with OncoX BioPharma, Inc., a private company registered in the British Virgin Islands (&#8220;Oncox&#8221;),
pursuant to which the Company will grant Oncox an exclusive right to develop and commercialize ABVC&#8217;s single-herb botanical drug
extract from the dry fruit body of Maitake Mushroom (Grifola Frondosa) for treatment of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (the &#8220;Lung Cancer
Products&#8221;), within North America for 20 years (the &#8220;April 2024 Oncox Agreement&#8221;). In consideration thereof, Oncox shall
pay ABVC $6.25 million (or 1.25 million Oncox shares valued at $5 per share) 30 days after entering into the agreement and $625,000,
30 days following the completion of Oncox&#8217;s next round of fundraising, of which there is no guarantee; ABVC is also entitled to
5% royalties based on the net sales, as defined in the April 2024 Oncox Agreement, from the first commercial sale of the Lung Cancer
Product in North America, of which there can be no guarantee. Oncox entered into another agreement with ABVC&#8217;s affiliate, Rgene
Corporation, on the same terms. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company received in cash and recognized revenue of $200,000
pursuant to the agreement. At the time of transferring the license, the Company also received 1.25 million OncoX shares but did not recognize
such licensing revenue since the fair value of Oncox stock is uncertain.</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">On May 8, 2024, the Company entered into a
definitive agreement with OncoX, pursuant to which the Company will grant Oncox an exclusive right to develop and commercialize ABVC&#8217;s
BLEX 404 single-herb botanical drug extract from the dry fruit body of Maitake Mushroom (Grifola Frondosa) for treatment of Pancreatic
(the Pancreatic Product), within a certain territory, specified as 50% of the Worldwide Markets for 20 years (the &#8220;May 8, 2024
Oncox Agreement&#8221;). In consideration thereof, Oncox shall pay ABVC a total of $6.25 million (or 1.25 million Oncox shares valued
at $5 per share) within 30 days of entering into the May 8, 2024 Oncox Agreement, with an additional milestone payment of $625,000 in
cash after OncoX&#8217;s next round of fundraising, of which there can be no guarantee. Oncox may remit cash payments of at least $100,000
towards the licensing fees and deductible from the second milestone payment; ABVC is also entitled to royalties of 5% of net sales, as
defined in the May 8, 2024 Oncox Agreement, from the first commercial sale of the Pancreatic Product in the noted territory, which remains
uncertain. The Company will permit Oncox to pay the license fee in installments or in a lump sum and will allow Oncox to use its revenue
to fund such payments. Oncox entered into another agreement with ABVC&#8217;s affiliate, Rgene Corporation, on the same terms. At the
time of transferring the license, the Company also received 1.25 million OncoX shares but did not recognize such licensing revenue since
the fair value of Oncox stock is uncertain.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">On May 14, 2024, the Company and its subsidiary,
BioLite Inc (collectively, the &#8220;licensor&#8221;), each entered into a licensing agreement with OncoX, on the same terms, pursuant
to which the licensors will grant Oncox an exclusive right to develop and commercialize ABVC&#8217;s BLEX 404 single-herb botanical drug
extract from the dry fruit body of Maitake Mushroom (Grifola Frondosa) for treatment of Tripple Negative Breast Cancer (the TNBC Product),
within a certain territory, specified as 50% of the Worldwide Markets for 20 years (the &#8220;May 14, 2024 Oncox Agreements&#8221;).
In each agreement for consideration thereof, Oncox shall pay each licensor a total of $6.25 million (or 1.25 million Oncox shares valued
at $5 per share) within 30 days of entering into the May 14, 2024 Oncox Agreements, with an additional milestone payment of $625,000
in cash after OncoX&#8217;s next round of fundraising, of which there can be no guarantee. Oncox may remit cash payments of at least
$100,000 towards the licensing fees and deductible from the second milestone payment; each licensor is also entitled to royalties of
5% of net sales, from the first commercial sale of the TNBC Product in the noted territory, which remains uncertain. The Company will
permit Oncox to pay the license fee in installments or in a lump sum and will allow Oncox to use its revenue to fund such payments. At
the time of transferring the license, the Company and BioLite also each received 1.25 million OncoX shares but did not recognize such
licensing revenue since the fair value of Oncox stock is uncertain.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">On May 23, 2024, the Company and its subsidiary,
BioLite Inc (collectively, the &#8220;licensor&#8221;), each entered into a licensing agreement with OncoX, on the same terms, pursuant
to which the licensors will grant Oncox an exclusive right to develop and commercialize ABVC&#8217;s BLEX 404 single-herb botanical drug
extract from the dry fruit body of Maitake Mushroom (Grifola Frondosa) for treatment of Myelodysplastic Syndrome (the &#8220;MS Products&#8221;),
within a certain territory, specified as 50% of the Worldwide Markets for 20 years (the &#8220;May 23, 2024 Oncox Agreements&#8221;).
In consideration thereof, Oncox shall pay each licensor a total of $6.25 million (or 1.25 million Oncox shares valued at $5 per share)
30 days after entering the May 23, 2024 Oncox Agreements, with an additional milestone payment of $625,000 in cash after OncoX&#8217;s
next round of fundraising, of which there can be no guarantee. Oncox may remit cash payments of at least $100,000 towards the licensing
fees and deductible from the second milestone payment; each licensor is also entitled to royalties of 5% of net sales, from the first
commercial sale of the MS Product in the noted territory, which remains uncertain. Oncox may use its revenue to fund the licensing fees.
At the time of transferring the license, the Company and BioLite also each received 1.25 million OncoX shares but did not recognize such
licensing revenue since the fair value of Oncox stock is uncertain.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Above mentioned p<span>rice
of OncoX&#8217;s shares was determined through private negotiations between the parties; no third-party valuation was completed.</span></span></p><span></span>
</td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Property and Equipment, and Prepament for Asset Acquisition<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">3 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Mar. 31, 2025</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentAbstract', window );"><strong>Property and Equipment, and Prepament for Asset Acquisition [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentDisclosureTextBlock', window );">PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT, AND PREPAMENT FOR ASSET ACQUISITION</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">5. PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT, AND PREPAMENT FOR ASSET ACQUISITION</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 23.75pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -23.75pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline">Property
and Equipment</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 23.75pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -23.75pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The Company has offices and labs located in
Taiwan, and a GMP manufacturing facility in Fremont, CA. Property and equipment as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024 are summarized
as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 23.75pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -23.75pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">March&#160;31,<br/> 2025</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">December&#160;31,<br/> 2024</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 76%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Land</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">8,004,520</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">338,966</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Buildings and leasehold improvements</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">2,217,756</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">2,219,244</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Machinery and equipment</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">1,129,804</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">1,131,169</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Office equipment</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">161,384</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">163,448</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">11,513,464</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">3,852,827</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Less: accumulated depreciation</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(3,344,718</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(3,341,739</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Property and equipment, net</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">8,168,746</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">511,088</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  </table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 23.75pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -23.75pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Depreciation expenses were $7,021&#160;and $1,286 for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the land with book value amounted to approximately $334,520 and $338,966 (except for the recently acquired land in Puli, Taiwan, amounted to $7,670,000), respectively, were pledged for obtaining bank loan (see Notes 9 Bank loans).</span></p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 23.75pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -23.75pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline">Prepayment
for asset acquisition</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 23.75pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -23.75pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Prepayment for asset acquisition consists
of the properties in Chengdu, China. The Company entered into a cooperation agreement on August 14, 2023, with Zhong Hui Lian He Ji Tuan,
Ltd. (the &#8220;Zhonghui&#8221;). Pursuant thereto, the Company will acquire 20% of the ownership of certain property and a parcel of
the land, with a view to jointly develop the property into a healthcare center for senior living, long-term care, and medical care in
the areas of ABVC&#8217;s special interests, such as Ophthalmology, Oncology, and Central Nervous Systems. The plan is to establish a
base for the China market and global development of these interests.</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The valuation of such property is $37 million;
based on the Company&#8217;s 20% ownership, the Company would acquire the value of $7,400,000. In exchange, the Company issued to Zhonghui
an aggregate of 370,000 shares (the &#8220;Shares&#8221;) of common stock, at a per share price of $20.0. The Shares are subject to a
lock-up period of one year following the closing date of the transaction. In addition, the parties agreed that, after one year following
the closing of the transaction, if the market value of the Shares or the value of the property increases or decreases, the parties will
negotiate in good faith to make reasonable adjustments. The Company&#8217;s ownership rights to the property and the associated land
parcel, or a suitable replacement property, are safeguarded under the terms of the cooperation agreement, which is legally binding and
enforceable.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">As discussed in Note 2, the Company incorrectly
applied ASC 845 instead of ASC 718, resulting in an adjustment of the reported value to from $7,400,000 to $691,900, and reclassification
from Construction-in-Progress to Prepayment for Asset Acquisition.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The construction-in-progress property is planned
to finish before the end of 2025.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline">Acquisition of land in Taiwan</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">In March 2024, AiBtl issued 1,534,000 AiBtl&#8217;s
common stocks to acquire farmland in Taiwan, which land will be used for developing health related businesses. As of the date of issuance
of these financial statements, the transfer of the land&#8217;s title is under government review, pending completion of the title transfer
registration. However, upon the closing of the transaction, both parties are aware of such Taiwan&#8217;s legal restrictions prohibiting
foreign entities directly owning farmland. In addition to newly incorporated controlling subsidiary, Yunzhiyi, to be holding the title
of the land upon government&#8217;s approval, on March 31, 2025, the Company and the landowners executed the Nominee Holding Agreement,
Land Lease Agreement, and Consulting Agreement, under the witness of and confirmed by a legal counsel in Taiwan, in which the landowners
unconditionally grant the full legal rights to the land to the Company before the completion of the title transfer. Based on the execution
of the agreement, the Company recognized $7,670,000 ($5 per share of AiBtl&#8217;s common stock) of land on its balance sheet.</span></p><span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">5. PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT, AND PREPAMENT FOR ASSET ACQUISITION</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 23.75pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -23.75pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Property
and Equipment</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 23.75pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -23.75pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The Company has offices and labs located in
Taiwan, and a GMP manufacturing facility in Fremont, CA. Property and equipment as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 are summarized as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 23.75pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -23.75pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">December&#160;31,<br/>
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    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">December&#160;31,<br/>
    2023</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">2,227,431</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">1,138,675</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">174,797</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">3,852,827</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">3,904,319</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Less: accumulated depreciation</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(3,341,739</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(3,335,041</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify; padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Property and equipment, net</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">511,088</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">569,278</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  </table><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Depreciation expenses were $28,627&#160;and
$28,531 for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, Land with book value amounted
to approximately $338,966 and $363,416, respectively, were pledged for obtaining bank loan (see Notes 9 Bank loans).</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 23.75pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -23.75pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Prepayment
for asset acquisition</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 23.75pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -23.75pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Prepayment for asset acquisition consists
of the properties in Chengdu, China. The Company entered into a cooperation agreement on August 14, 2023, with Zhong Hui Lian He Ji Tuan,
Ltd. (the &#8220;Zhonghui&#8221;). Pursuant thereto, the Company will acquire 20% of the ownership of certain property and a parcel of
the land, with a view to jointly develop the property into a healthcare center for senior living, long-term care, and medical care in
the areas of ABVC&#8217;s special interests, such as Ophthalmology, Oncology, and Central Nervous Systems. The plan is to establish a
base for the China market and global development of these interests.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The valuation of such property is $37 million;
based on the Company&#8217;s 20% ownership, the Company would acquire the value of $7,400,000. In exchange, the Company issued to Zhonghui
an aggregate of 370,000 shares (the &#8220;Shares&#8221;) of common stock, at a per share price of $20.0. The Shares are subject to a
lock-up period of one year following the closing date of the transaction. In addition, the parties agreed that, after one year following
the closing of the transaction, if the market value of the Shares or the value of the property increases or decreases, the parties will
negotiate in good faith to make reasonable adjustments. The Company&#8217;s ownership rights to the property and the associated land
parcel, or a suitable replacement property, are safeguarded under the terms of the cooperation agreement, which is legally binding and
enforceable.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">As discussed in Note 2, the Company incorrectly
applied ASC 845 instead of ASC 718, resulting in an adjustment of the reported value to from $7,400,000 to $691,900, and reclassification
from Construction-in-Progress to Prepayment for Asset Acquisition.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The construction-in-progress property is planned
to finish before the end of 2025.</span></p><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for long-lived, physical asset used in normal conduct of business and not intended for resale. Includes, but is not limited to, work of art, historical treasure, and similar asset classified as collections.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 360<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/360/tableOfContent<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -SubTopic 360<br> -Topic 958<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477798/958-360-50-6<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -SubTopic 360<br> -Topic 958<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477798/958-360-50-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 7<br> -SubTopic 360<br> -Topic 958<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477798/958-360-50-7<br></p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Long-Term Investments<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">3 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Mar. 31, 2025</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LongTermInvestmentsAbstract', window );"><strong>Long-Term Investments [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InvestmentTextBlock', window );">LONG-TERM INVESTMENTS</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 23.75pt; text-indent: -23.75pt"><b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">6. LONG-TERM INVESTMENTS</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 23.75pt; text-indent: -23.75pt"><b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;&#160;</b></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(1)</span></td> <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The ownership percentages of each investee are listed as follows:</span></td></tr> </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</b></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 0%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">*</span></td> <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">This company was acquired by Canal Biotech Corporation Inc. Our stock is in the process of replacement with the stock of the acquired company and the ownership percentage is subject to change.</span></td></tr> </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(2)</span></td> <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The extent the investee relies on the company for its business is summarized as follows:</span></td></tr> </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
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    <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 9pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">ForSeeCon
    Eye Corporation<sup>(d)</sup></span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-340"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-341"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; padding-left: 9pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">BioHopeKing Corporation</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">762,983</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">790,250</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
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    <td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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    <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 9pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">BioFirst
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    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">1,468,504</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 9pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Rgene
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    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">559,471</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 9pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">BioLite
    Japan K.K. (BioLite JP)<sup>(c)</sup></span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-343"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-344"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; padding-left: 9pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">OncoX
    BioPharma, Inc.<sup>(e)</sup></span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-345"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-346"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; padding-left: 0.25in"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Total</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">2,760,062</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">2,258,754</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  </table>


<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(a)</span></td> <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">BioFirst Corporation (the &#8220;BioFirst&#8221;):</span></td></tr> </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The Company holds an equity interest
in BioFirst Corporation, accounting for its equity interest using the equity method to accounts for its equity investment as prescribed
in ASC 323, Investments&#8212;Equity Method and Joint Ventures (&#8220;ASC 323&#8221;). Equity method adjustments include the Company&#8217;s
proportionate share of investee&#8217;s income or loss and other adjustments required by the equity method. As of March 31, 2025 and
December 31, 2024, the Company owns 18.68% and 18.68% common stock shares of BioFirst, respectively. The Company made a prepayment for
equity investment in BioFirst to purchase additional shares to be issued by BioFirst in the aggregate amount of $2,688,578, recorded
as prepayment for long-term investments as of December 31, 2022. On July 19, 2023, the Company successfully completed the registration
process for this investment. The initial prepayment was $1,895,556, which is a portion of the prepayment as of December 31, 2022, and
was converted into 994,450 shares of BioFirst stock. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the amount of prepayment for long-term
investments in Biofirst is both $1,124,842.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(b)</span></td> <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Rgene Corporation (the &#8220;Rgene&#8221;)</span></td></tr> </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">As described in Note 4, the Company
acquired 26.65% of Rgene&#8217;s outstanding common shares since 2018 through multiple collaborative agreements, and has been accounting
this equity investment with equity method as prescribed in ASC 323, Investments&#8212;Equity Method and Joint Ventures (&#8220;ASC 323&#8221;).
Equity method adjustments include the Company&#8217;s proportionate share of investee&#8217;s income or loss and other adjustments required
by the equity method. Further, as disclosed in Note 10 Related Party Transactions, the Company entered a convertible loan agreement with
Rgene in 2022 and has been working with Rgene to obtain approval for the Company to exercise the conversion from Department of Investment
Review in Taiwan, a government agency reviews foreign investors conducting investment in Taiwan. In May 2024, the conversion request
for the conversion was approved but the Company was not informed by Rgene until April 2025. The Company determined that the impact to
the financial statements is immaterial and assumed the conversion was incurred on January 1, 2025. After the conversion, the Company
owns 37% of outstanding shares of Rgene.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(4)</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Disposition of long-term
    investment</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">During the three-month periods
ended March 31, 2025and 2024, there is no disposition of long-term investment.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(5)</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Loss on investment in
    equity securities</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The components of loss on investment in equity
securities for each period were as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Three Months Ended<br/> March 31,</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">2025</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 76%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Share of equity method investee losses</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(50,877</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-347"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  </table><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(c)</span></td> <td style="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">BioLite Japan K.K. (BioLite JP)</span></td></tr> </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">In October 2021, the Company, Lucidaim
Co., Ltd., a Japanese corporation (&#8220;Lucidaim,&#8221; together with the Company, the &#8220;Shareholders&#8221;), and BioLite Japan
K.K., a Japanese corporation (&#8220;BioLite JP&#8221;) entered into a Joint Venture Agreement. BioLite JP is a private limited company
incorporated on December 18, 2018. The business of the joint venture is the research and development of drugs, medical device and digital
media, investment, fund running and consulting, distribution and marketing of supplements carried on by BioLite JP and its subsidiaries
in Japan, or any other territory or businesses. At the date of the Agreement, BioLite JP has 10,000 ordinary shares authorized, with
3,049 ordinary shares issued and outstanding (the &#8220;Ordinary Shares&#8221;). Pursuant to the Agreement and the related share transfer
agreement, Lucidaim shall own 1,555 Ordinary Shares (51%) and the Company shall own 1,494 Ordinary Shares (49%). The Company paid $150,000
towards the setup of the joint venture; BioLite Japan&#8217;s other shareholder also paid $150,000 after the Letter of Intent was signed.
This prepayment is booked in prepayment for investment. As of December 31, 2024, the Company evaluated the investee&#8217;s business
and financial conditions and determined to fully impair such prepayment.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(d)</span></td> <td style="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">ForSeeCon Eye Corporation (FEYE)</span></td></tr> </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">FEYE is a private company registered
in the British Virgin Islands, focusing on the field of diagnosis and treatment of eye disorders, with its main product of Vitargus.
The Company granted FEYE certain licensed products in exchange of FEYE ownership. See Note 4 for detail of such transactions.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(e)</span></td> <td style="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">OncoX BioPharma, Inc. (OncoX)</span></td></tr> </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">OncoX is a private company registered
in the British Virgin Islands, focusing on oncology trials and drug development across Asia-Pacific. The Company granted OncoX certain
licensed products in exchange of OncoX&#8217;s ownership. See Note 4 for detail of such transactions.</span></p><span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 23.75pt; text-indent: -23.75pt"><b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">6. LONG-TERM INVESTMENTS</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 23.75pt; text-indent: -23.75pt"><b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;&#160;</b></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 24px"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(1)</span></td> <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The ownership percentages of each investee are listed as follows:</span></td></tr> </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Ownership percentage</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; 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text-align: center; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">2024</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">2023</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">treatments</span></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 64%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Braingenesis Biotechnology Co., Ltd.*</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">0.17</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">%</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">0.17</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">%</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="width: 11%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Cost Method</span></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Genepharm Biotech Corporation</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">0.67</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">%</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">0.67</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">%</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Cost Method</span></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">BioHopeKing Corporation</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">5.90</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">%</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">5.90</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">%</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Cost Method</span></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; 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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</b></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 0in"></td><td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">*</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">This company was acquired by Canal Biotech Corporation Inc. Our stock is in the process of replacement with the stock of the acquired company and the ownership percentage is subject to change.</span></td>
</tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 24px"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(2)</span></td> <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The extent the investee relies on the company for its business is summarized as follows:</span></td></tr> </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 30%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Name of investees</b></span></td> <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: justify; width: 69%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>The extent the investee relies on the Company for its business &#160;</b></span></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Braingenesis Biotechnology Co., Ltd.</span></td> <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; 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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
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    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-270"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-271"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; padding-left: 9pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">BioHopeKing Corporation</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">818,018</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Equity Method Investments, net</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-left: 9pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">BioFirst
    Corporation<sup>(a)</sup></span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">1,468,504</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-left: 9pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Rgene
    Corporation<sup>(b)</sup></span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-272"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-273"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-left: 9pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">BioLite
    Japan K.K. (BioLite JP)<sup>(c)</sup></span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-274"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-275"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; padding-left: 9pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">OncoX
    BioPharma, Inc.<sup>(e)</sup></span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-276"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-277"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 4pt; padding-left: 0.25in"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Total</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">2,258,754</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">2,527,740</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  </table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 24px"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(a)</span></td> <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">BioFirst Corporation (the &#8220;BioFirst&#8221;):</span></td></tr> </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The Company holds an equity interest
in BioFirst Corporation, accounting for its equity interest using the equity method to accounts for its equity investment as prescribed
in ASC 323, Investments&#8212;Equity Method and Joint Ventures (&#8220;ASC 323&#8221;). Equity method adjustments include the Company&#8217;s
proportionate share of investee&#8217;s income or loss and other adjustments required by the equity method. As of December 31, 2024 and
2023, the Company owns 18.68% and 18.68% common stock shares of BioFirst, respectively. The Company made a prepayment for equity investment
in BioFirst to purchase additional shares to be issued by BioFirst in the aggregate amount of $2,688,578, recorded as prepayment for
long-term investments as of December 31, 2022. On July 19, 2023, the Company successfully completed the registration process for this
investment. The initial prepayment was $1,895,556, which is a portion of the prepayment as of December 31, 2022, and was converted into
994,450 shares of BioFirst stock. As of December 31, 2024, the amount of prepayment for long-term investments in Biofirst is $1,124,842.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Summarized unaudited financial information
for the Company&#8217;s equity method investee, BioFirst, is as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 5.4pt"><i style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</i></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><i style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Balance Sheets</i></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">December&#160;31,<br/> 2024</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">December&#160;31,<br/> 2023</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 76%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Current Assets</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">1,323,952</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">1,451,877</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Non-current Assets</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">1,083,472</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">686,206</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Current Liabilities</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">3,508,413</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">2,286,058</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Non-current Liabilities</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">114,606</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">347,193</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Stockholders&#8217; Deficit</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(1,215,595</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(495,168</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td></tr> </table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><i style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Statements of operations</i></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">734</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
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    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">216</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  </table><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 24px"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(b)</span></td> <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Rgene Corporation (the &#8220;Rgene&#8221;)</span></td></tr> </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Both Rgene and the Company are
under common control by Dr. Tsung-Shann Jiang, the CEO and chairman of the BioLite Inc. Since Dr. Tsung-Shann Jiang is able to exercise
significant influence, but not control, over the Rgene, the Company determined to use the equity method to accounts for its equity investment
as prescribed in ASC 323, Investments&#8212;Equity Method and Joint Ventures (&#8220;ASC 323&#8221;). Equity method adjustments include
the Company&#8217;s proportionate share of investee&#8217;s income or loss and other adjustments required by the equity method. As of
December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company owns 26.65% and 26.65% common stock shares of Rgene, respectively.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Summarized unaudited financial information
for the Company&#8217;s equity method investee, Rgene, is as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><i style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Balance Sheets</i></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>December&#160;31,<br/> 2024</b></span></td> <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>December&#160;31,<br/> 2023</b></span></td> <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF"> <td style="width: 72%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; 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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><i style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Statements of operations</i></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Year
    Ended<br/>
    December 31,</b></span></td>
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2024</b></span></td>
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2023</b></span></td>
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Net sales</span></td>
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-278"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;-</span></div></td>
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-279"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;-</span></div></td>
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Gross Profit</span></td>
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-280"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">-</span></div></td>
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-281"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">-</span></div></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF">
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    <td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
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    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-283"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">-</span></div></td>
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  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 24px"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(4)</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Disposition of long-term
    investment</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">During the years ended December
31, 2024 and 2023, there is no disposition of long-term investment.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0px"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Loss on investment in
    equity securities</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The components of loss on investment in equity
securities for each period were as follows (not recognized since the carrying value of the investment was reduced to $0):</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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    December 31,</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  </table><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 24px"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(c)</span></td> <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">BioLite Japan K.K. (BioLite JP)</span></td></tr> </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">In October 2021, the Company, Lucidaim
Co., Ltd., a Japanese corporation (&#8220;Lucidaim,&#8221; together with the Company, the &#8220;Shareholders&#8221;), and BioLite Japan
K.K., a Japanese corporation (&#8220;BioLite JP&#8221;) entered into a Joint Venture Agreement. BioLite JP is a private limited company
incorporated on December 18, 2018. The business of the joint venture is the research and development of drugs, medical device and digital
media, investment, fund running and consulting, distribution and marketing of supplements carried on by BioLite JP and its subsidiaries
in Japan, or any other territory or businesses. At the date of the Agreement, BioLite JP has 10,000 ordinary shares authorized, with
3,049 ordinary shares issued and outstanding (the &#8220;Ordinary Shares&#8221;). Pursuant to the Agreement and the related share transfer
agreement, Lucidaim shall own 1,555 Ordinary Shares (51%) and the Company shall own 1,494 Ordinary Shares (49%). The Company paid $150,000
towards the setup of the joint venture; BioLite Japan&#8217;s other shareholder also paid $150,000 after the Letter of Intent was signed.
This prepayment is booked in prepayment for investment. As of December 31, 2024, the Company evaluated the investee&#8217;s business
and financial conditions and determined to fully impair such prepayment.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 24px; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(d)</span></td> <td style="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">ForSeeCon Eye Corporation (FEYE)</span></td></tr> </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">FEYE is a private company registered
in the British Virgin Islands, focusing on the field of diagnosis and treatment of eye disorders, with its main product of Vitargus.
The Company granted FEYE certain licensed products in exchange of FEYE ownership. See Note 4 for detail of such transactions.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 24px; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(e)</span></td> <td style="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">OncoX BioPharma, Inc. (OncoX)</span></td></tr> </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">OncoX is a private company registered
in the British Virgin Islands, focusing on oncology trials and drug development across Asia-Pacific. The Company granted OncoX certain
licensed products in exchange of OncoX&#8217;s ownership. See Note 4 for detail of such transactions.</span></p><span></span>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Convertible Notes Payable<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">3 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Mar. 31, 2025</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ConvertibleLongtermNotesPayableCurrentAndNoncurrentAbstract', window );"><strong>Convertible Notes Payable [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtDisclosureTextBlock', window );">CONVERTIBLE NOTES PAYABLE</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">7. CONVERTIBLE NOTES PAYABLE</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline">Lind Notes Payable</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">On February 23, 2023, the Company entered
into a securities purchase agreement with Lind Global Fund II, LP (&#8220;Lind&#8221;), pursuant to which the Company issued Lind a secured,
convertible note in the principal amount of $3,704,167, for a purchase price of $3,175,000 (the &#8220;Lind Note&#8221;), that is convertible
into shares of the Company&#8217;s common stock at an initial conversion price of $10.5 per share, subject to adjustment. The Company
also issued Lind a common stock purchase warrant (the &#8220;Lind Warrant&#8221;) to purchase up to 529,167 shares (post-split) of the
Company&#8217;s common stock at an initial exercise price of $10.5 per share for a period of 5 years, subject to adjustment that immediately
upon such issuance or sale, the Exercise Price in effect immediately prior to such issuance or sale shall be reduced (and in no event
increased) to an Exercise Price equal to the consideration per share paid for such Additional Shares of Common Stock. The warrants were
valued using the Black-Scholes model. The fair value of the warrants was determined to be $1,225,543, which was recorded to debt discount.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Beginning with the date that is six months
from the issuance date of the Lind Note and on each one (1) month anniversary thereafter, the Company shall pay Lind an amount equal
to $308,651, until the outstanding principal amount of the Lind Note has been paid in full prior to or on the Maturity Date or, if earlier,
upon acceleration, conversion or redemption of the Lind Note in accordance with the terms thereof (the &#8220;Monthly Payments&#8221;).
At the Company&#8217;s discretion, the Monthly Payments shall be made in (i) cash, (ii) shares of the Company&#8217;s common stock, or
(iii) a combination of cash and Shares; if made in shares, the number of shares shall be determined by dividing (x) the principal amount
being paid in shares by (y) 90% of the average of the 5 lowest daily VWAPs during the 20 trading days prior to the applicable payment
date. The Lind Notes sets forth certain conditions that must be satisfied before the Company may make any Monthly Payments in shares
of common stock. If the Company makes a Monthly Payment in cash, the Company must also pay Lind a cash premium of 5% of such Monthly
Payment.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Upon the occurrence of any Event of Default
(as defined in the Lind Note), the Company must pay Lind an amount equal to 120%&#160;of the then outstanding principal amount of the
Lind Note (the &#8220;Mandatory Default Amount&#8221;), in addition to any other remedies under the Note or the other Transaction Documents.
The Company and Lind entered into a letter agreement on September 12, 2023, pursuant to which the Mandatory Default Amount was reduced
to 115% of the then outstanding principal amount of the Lind Note; pursuant to the letter agreement, Lind also agreed to waive any default
associated with the Company&#8217;s market capitalization being below $12.5 million for 10 consecutive days through February 23, 2024,
but retained its right to convert its Note. In addition, if the Company is unable to increase its market capitalization and is unable
to obtain a further waiver or amendment to the Lind Note, then the Company could experience an event of default under the Lind Note,
which could have a material adverse effect on the Company&#8217;s liquidity, financial condition, and results of operations. The Company
cannot make any assurances regarding the likelihood, certainty, or exact timing of the Company&#8217;s ability to increase its market
capitalization, as such metric is not within the immediate control of the Company and depends on a variety of factors outside the Company&#8217;s
control. &#160;</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The Lind Warrant may be exercised via cashless
exercise.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The warrant exercise price was reset to $3.5
in accordance to the issuance of common stock in relation to securities purchase agreement on July 2023.&#160;On May 22, 2024, the exercise
price of these warrants was reset to $0.75 along with the immediate exercise of existing warrants and issuance of the New Warrants. As
of March 31, 2025, these Lind Warrants associated with the first Lind Note were fully exercised.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">On November 17, 2023, the Company entered
another securities purchase agreement with Lind, pursuant to which the Company issued Lind a secured, convertible note (the &#8220;2<sup>nd</sup>
Lind Note&#8221;) in the principal amount of $1,200,000, for a purchase price of $1,000,000, that is convertible into shares of the Company&#8217;s
common stock at a conversion price, which shall be the lesser of (i) $3.50 and (ii) 90% of the average of the three lowest VWAPs during
the 20 trading days prior to conversion. The 2<sup>nd</sup> Lind Note shall be due and payable on May 19, 2025, and bears no interest.
The Company may prepay all, but not less than all, outstanding principal amount prior to maturity, and Lind shall have the right to convert
up to one third of the principal amount when the Company prepays. Upon the occurrence of any Event of Default (as defined in the 2<sup>nd</sup>
Lind Note), the Company must pay Lind an amount equal to 120% of the then outstanding principal amount of the Lind Note, in addition
to any other remedies under the Note or the other transaction documents. Lind also received a 5-year common stock purchase warrant to
purchase up to 1,000,000 shares of the Company&#8217;s common stock at an initial exercise price of $2 per share for a period of 5 years.
The warrants were valued using the Black-Scholes model. The fair value of the warrants was determined to be $480,795, which was recorded
to debt discount. An amendment was filed with the SEC on February 29, 2024 to disclose that due to Nasdaq requirements, the parties entered
into an amendment to the Note, pursuant to which the conversion price shall have a floor price of $1.00. Additionally, the amendment
requires the Company to make a cash payment to Lind if in connection with a conversion, the conversion price is deemed to be the floor
price. During the year ended December 31, 2024, Lind converted $800,000 of 2<sup>nd</sup> Lind Note principal amounts into the Company&#8217;s
common stocks. Refer to the common stock issuance details in Note 12, Equity. On March 3 and April 1, 2025, Lind converted the remaining
$400,000 principal balance ($200,000 for each conversion) into the Company&#8217;s common stocks.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">On January 17, 2024, the Company entered another
securities purchase agreement with Lind, pursuant to which the Company issued Lind a secured, convertible note (the &#8220;3<sup>rd</sup>
Lind Note&#8221;) in the principal amount of $1,000,000, for a purchase price of $833,333, that is convertible into shares of the Company&#8217;s
common stock at a conversion price, which shall be the lesser of (i) $3.50 and (ii) 90% of the average of the three lowest VWAPs during
the 20 trading days prior to conversion. The 3<sup>rd</sup> Lind Note shall be due and payable on July 17, 2025 and bear no interest.
The Company may prepay all, but not less than all, outstanding principal amount prior to maturity, and Lind shall have the right to convert
up to one third of the principal amount when the Company prepays. Upon the occurrence of any Event of Default (as defined in the 3<sup>rd</sup>
Lind Note), the Company must pay Lind an amount equal to 120% of the then outstanding principal amount of the Lind Note, in addition
to any other remedies under the Note or the other transaction documents Lind also received a 5-year, common stock purchase warrant to
purchase up to 1,000,000 shares of the Company&#8217;s common stock at an initial exercise price of $2 per share. The warrants were valued
using the Black-Scholes model. The fair value of the warrants was determined to be $394,071, which was recorded to debt discount. An
amendment was filed with the SEC on February 29, 2024 to disclose that due to Nasdaq requirements, the parties entered into an amendment
to the Note, pursuant to which the conversion price shall have a floor price of $1.00. Additionally, the amendment requires the Company
to make a cash payment to Lind if in connection with a conversion, the conversion price is deemed to be the floor price. No conversion
or repayment to 3<sup>rd</sup> Lind Note has occurred during the year ended December 31, 2024. On March 3 and April 1, 2025, Lind converted
$400,000 principal balance ($200,000 for each conversion) into the Company&#8217;s common stock, leaving outstanding principal of $600,000.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">In connection with above three Lind Note offerings,
the Company and its subsidiaries: BioKey, BioLite, Biolite BVI, and American BriVision, jointly and severally guaranteed all of the obligations
of the Company in connection with the offering with certain collateral, as set forth in the related transaction documents.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">On May 22, 2024, November 19, 2024, and January
9, 2025, Lind exercised 1,000,000, 500,000, 1,029,167 of the existing warrants to purchase shares of Common Stock at a reduced exercise
price of $0.75, $0.42, and $0.40 per share, respectively. Refer to the details in Note 12, Equity.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Total interest expenses in connection with the above three Lind Notes were $209,372 and $172,884 for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline">Other Convertible Notes Payable</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">On November 1, 2024 and November 5, 2024,
the Company&#8217;s subsidiary, AiBtl, issued two convertible notes payable, each with a principal amount of $30,000 to two separate
individuals, for total consideration of $60,000. Each note has a 1-year term and an implied annual discount rate of 6.89%. These convertible
notes bear a 0% interest rate and are convertible by the holders into the AiBtl&#8217;s common stock at $5 per share at any time before
the maturity. AiBtl reserves the right to repurchase the note in full at any time before maturity.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The convertible notes payable is accounted
for in accordance with ASC 470-20, Debt with Conversion and Other Options. The Company evaluated the conversion feature and determined
that it qualifies for equity classification as it meets the &#8220;fixed-for-fixed&#8221; criteria. The proceeds from the issuance were
allocated to the present value of the liability component in aggregate for $56,132, and to debt discount for $3,868. The debt discount
is recorded in additional paid-in capital in the statement of change in equity.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The debt discount is being amortized over
the 1-year term using the effective interest method. During the three months ended March 31, 2025, the Company recognized $984 in interest
expense related to the amortization of the debt discount.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The carrying amounts of the liability component
are summarized as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

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text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">Fair<br/> Value</span></td><td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in; text-align: left; width: 10%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">2nd LIND Note</span></td><td style="text-align: center; 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text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">1,200,000</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 5%; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">0</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">%</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 5%; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">86.94</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">%</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td> <td style="width: 1%; 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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

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text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">$</span></td><td style="width: 5%; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">1.00</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td> <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 4%; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">ABVC</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">$</span></td><td style="width: 5%; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">400,000</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td> <td style="width: 1%; 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text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">28,389</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">30,000</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td> <td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td> <td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td> <td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">2,260,000</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td> <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td> <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td> <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td> <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">1,460,000</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">509,954</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">950,046</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">1,740,000</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td></tr> </table><span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">7. CONVERTIBLE NOTES PAYABLE</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline">Lind Notes Payable</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">On February 23, 2023, the Company entered
into a securities purchase agreement with Lind Global Fund II, LP (&#8220;Lind&#8221;), pursuant to which the Company issued Lind a secured,
convertible note in the principal amount of $3,704,167, for a purchase price of $3,175,000 (the &#8220;Lind Note&#8221;), that is convertible
into shares of the Company&#8217;s common stock at an initial conversion price of $10.5 per share, subject to adjustment. The Company
also issued Lind a common stock purchase warrant (the &#8220;Lind Warrant&#8221;) to purchase up to 529,167 shares (post-split) of the
Company&#8217;s common stock at an initial exercise price of $10.5 per share for a period of 5 years, subject to adjustment that immediately
upon such issuance or sale, the Exercise Price in effect immediately prior to such issuance or sale shall be reduced (and in no event
increased) to an Exercise Price equal to the consideration per share paid for such Additional Shares of Common Stock. The warrants were
valued using the Black-Scholes model. The fair value of the warrants was determined to be $1,225,543, which was recorded to debt discount.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Beginning with the date that is six months
from the issuance date of the Lind Note and on each one (1) month anniversary thereafter, the Company shall pay Lind an amount equal
to $308,651, until the outstanding principal amount of the Lind Note has been paid in full prior to or on the Maturity Date or, if earlier,
upon acceleration, conversion or redemption of the Lind Note in accordance with the terms thereof (the &#8220;Monthly Payments&#8221;).
At the Company&#8217;s discretion, the Monthly Payments shall be made in (i) cash, (ii) shares of the Company&#8217;s common stock, or
(iii) a combination of cash and Shares; if made in shares, the number of shares shall be determined by dividing (x) the principal amount
being paid in shares by (y) 90% of the average of the 5 lowest daily VWAPs during the 20 trading days prior to the applicable payment
date. The Lind Notes sets forth certain conditions that must be satisfied before the Company may make any Monthly Payments in shares
of common stock. If the Company makes a Monthly Payment in cash, the Company must also pay Lind a cash premium of 5% of such Monthly
Payment.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Upon the occurrence of any Event of Default
(as defined in the Lind Note), the Company must pay Lind an amount equal to 120%&#160;of the then outstanding principal amount of the
Lind Note (the &#8220;Mandatory Default Amount&#8221;), in addition to any other remedies under the Note or the other Transaction Documents.
The Company and Lind entered into a letter agreement on September 12, 2023, pursuant to which the Mandatory Default Amount was reduced
to 115% of the then outstanding principal amount of the Lind Note; pursuant to the letter agreement, Lind also agreed to waive any default
associated with the Company&#8217;s market capitalization being below $12.5 million for 10 consecutive days through February 23, 2024,
but retained its right to convert its Note. In addition, if the Company is unable to increase its market capitalization and is unable
to obtain a further waiver or amendment to the Lind Note, then the Company could experience an event of default under the Lind Note,
which could have a material adverse effect on the Company&#8217;s liquidity, financial condition, and results of operations. The Company
cannot make any assurances regarding the likelihood, certainty, or exact timing of the Company&#8217;s ability to increase its market
capitalization, as such metric is not within the immediate control of the Company and depends on a variety of factors outside the Company&#8217;s
control. &#160;</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The Lind Warrant may be exercised via cashless
exercise.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The warrant exercise price was reset to $3.5
in accordance to the issuance of common stock in relation to securities purchase agreement on July 2023.&#160;On May 22, 2024, the exercise
price of these warrants was reset to $0.75 along with the immediate exercise of existing warrants and issuance of the New Warrants. As
of December 31, 2024, these Lind Warrants associated with the first Lind Note were fully exercised.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">On November 17, 2023, the Company entered
another securities purchase agreement with Lind, pursuant to which the Company issued Lind a secured, convertible note (the &#8220;2<sup>nd</sup>
Lind Note&#8221;) in the principal amount of $1,200,000, for a purchase price of $1,000,000, that is convertible into shares of the Company&#8217;s
common stock at a conversion price, which shall be the lesser of (i) $3.50 and (ii) 90% of the average of the three lowest VWAPs during
the 20 trading days prior to conversion. The 2<sup>nd</sup> Lind Note shall be due and payable on May 19, 2025 and bear no interest.
The Company may prepay all, but not less than all, outstanding principal amount prior to the maturity, and Lind shall have the right
to convert up to one third of the principal amount when the Company prepays. Upon the occurrence of any Event of Default (as defined
in the 2<sup>nd</sup> Lind Note), the Company must pay Lind an amount equal to 120% of the then outstanding principal amount of the Lind
Note, in addition to any other remedies under the Note or the other transaction documents. Lind also received a 5-year common stock purchase
warrant to purchase up to 1,000,000 shares of the Company&#8217;s common stock at an initial exercise price of $2 per share for a period
of 5 years. The warrants were valued using the Black-Scholes model. The fair value of the warrants was determined to be $480,795, which
was recorded to debt discount. An amendment was filed with the SEC on February 29, 2024 to disclose that due to Nasdaq requirements,
the parties entered into an amendment to the Note, pursuant to which the conversion price shall have a floor price of $1.00. Additionally,
the amendment requires the Company to make a cash payment to Lind if in connection with a conversion, the conversion price is deemed
to be the floor price. During the year ended December 31, 2024, Lind converted $800,000 of 2<sup>nd</sup> Lind Note principal amounts
into the Company&#8217;s common stocks. Refer to the common stock issuance details in Note 12, Equity. As of April 1, 2025, Lind has
converted the remaining $400,000 principal balance into the Company&#8217;s common stocks.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">On January 17, 2024, the Company entered another
securities purchase agreement with Lind, pursuant to which the Company issued Lind a secured, convertible note (the &#8220;3<sup>rd</sup>
Lind Note&#8221;) in the principal amount of $1,000,000, for a purchase price of $833,333, that is convertible into shares of the Company&#8217;s
common stock at a conversion price, which shall be the lesser of (i) $3.50 and (ii) 90% of the average of the three lowest VWAPs during
the 20 trading days prior to conversion. The 3<sup>rd</sup> Lind Note shall be due and payable on July 17, 2025 and bear no interest.
The Company may prepay all, but not less than all, outstanding principal amount prior to the maturity, and Lind shall have the right
to convert up to one third of the principal amount when the Company prepays. Upon the occurrence of any Event of Default (as defined
in the 3<sup>rd</sup> Lind Note), the Company must pay Lind an amount equal to 120% of the then outstanding principal amount of the Lind
Note, in addition to any other remedies under the Note or the other transaction documents Lind also received a 5-year, common stock purchase
warrant to purchase up to 1,000,000 shares of the Company&#8217;s common stock at an initial exercise price of $2 per share. The warrants
were valued using the Black-Scholes model. The fair value of the warrants was determined to be $394,071, which was recorded to debt discount.
An amendment was filed with the SEC on February 29, 2024 to disclose that due to Nasdaq requirements, the parties entered into an amendment
to the Note, pursuant to which the conversion price shall have a floor price of $1.00. Additionally, the amendment requires the Company
to make a cash payment to Lind if in connection with a conversion, the conversion price is deemed to be the floor price. No conversion
or repayment to 3<sup>rd</sup> Lind Note has occurred during the year ended December 31, 2024. As of April 1, 2025, Lind has converted
$400,000 principal balance into the Company&#8217;s common stock, leaving outstanding principal of $600,000.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">In connection with above three Lind Note offerings,
the Company and its subsidiaries: BioKey, BioLite, Biolite BVI, and American BriVision, jointly and severally guaranteed all of the obligations
of the Company in connection with the offering with certain collateral, as set forth in the related transaction documents.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">On May 22, 2024 and November 19, 2024, Lind
has exercised 1,000,000 and 500,000 of the existing warrants to purchase shares of Common Stock at a reduced exercise price of $0.75
and $0.42 per share, respectively. Refer to the details in Note 12, Equity.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Total interest expenses in connection with
the above three Lind Notes were $773,139 and $1,233,284 for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline">Other Convertible Notes Payable</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">On November 1, 2024 and November 5, 2024,
the Company&#8217;s subsidiary, AiBtl, issued two convertible note payable, each with a principal amount of $30,000 to two separate individuals,
for total consideration of $60,000. Each note has a 1-year term and an implied annual discount rate of 6.89%. These convertible notes
bear 0% interest rate and are convertible by the holders into the AiBtl&#8217;s common stock at $5 per share at any time before the maturity.
AiBtl reserves the right to repurchase the note in full at any time before the maturity.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The convertible notes payable is accounted
for in accordance with ASC 470-20, Debt with Conversion and Other Options. The Company evaluated the conversion feature and determined
that it qualifies for equity classification as it meets the &#8220;fixed-for-fixed&#8221; criteria. The proceeds from the issuance were
allocated to the present value of the liability component in aggregate for $56,132, and to debt discount for $3,868. The debt discount
is recorded in additional paid-in capital in the statement of change in equity.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The debt discount is being amortized over
the 1-year term using the effective interest method. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company recognized $646 in interest
expense related to the amortization of the debt discount.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The carrying amounts of the liability component
are summarized as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

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padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-size: 8pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-size: 8pt; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">1,124,653</span></td><td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 8pt; padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-size: 8pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-size: 8pt; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">886,522</span></td><td style="font-size: 8pt; 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</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ConvertibleLongtermNotesPayableCurrentAndNoncurrentAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ConvertibleLongtermNotesPayableCurrentAndNoncurrentAbstract</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DebtDisclosureTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for information about short-term and long-term debt arrangements, which includes amounts of borrowings under each line of credit, note payable, commercial paper issue, bonds indenture, debenture issue, own-share lending arrangements and any other contractual agreement to repay funds, and about the underlying arrangements, rationale for a classification as long-term, including repayment terms, interest rates, collateral provided, restrictions on use of assets and activities, whether or not in compliance with debt covenants, and other matters important to users of the financial statements, such as the effects of refinancing and noncompliance with debt covenants.</p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">3 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Mar. 31, 2025</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesAndOtherLiabilitiesAbstract', window );"><strong>Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilitiesDisclosureTextBlock', window );">ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">8. ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES</b>&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Accrued expenses and other current liabilities
consisted of the following as of the periods indicated:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">March&#160;31,</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">December&#160;31,</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">2025</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">2024</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 76%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Accrued research and development expense</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">1,799,583</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">1,799,583</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Accrued directors and officers (owners) compensation</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">991,821</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">1,025,867</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Cash portion of the Lind Note repayments</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">227,284</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">127,759</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Accrued compensation and employee benefits</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">140,252</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">126,106</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Others</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">617,879</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">557,866</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Total</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">3,826,819</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">3,509,422</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  </table><span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">8. ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES</b>&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Accrued expenses and other current liabilities
consisted of the following as of the periods indicated:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">December&#160;31,</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">December&#160;31,</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">2024</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">2023</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 76%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Accrued research and development expense</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">1,799,583</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">1,799,583</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Accrued directors and officers (owners) compensation</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">1,025,867</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">1,018,253</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Accrued royalties</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">255,592</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">274,028</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
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    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">29,138</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">302,274</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">427,350</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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    <td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Total</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">3,509,422</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">3,548,352</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Short-Term Loans<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">3 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Mar. 31, 2025</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShortTermBorrowingsAbstract', window );"><strong>Short-Term Loans [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTextBlock', window );">SHORT-TERM LOANS</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">9. SHORT-TERM LOANS</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(1)</span></td> <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Short-term loans consists of the following:</span></td></tr> </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">March&#160;31,</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">December&#160;31,</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">2025</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">2024</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 76%; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Cathay United Bank</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">169,407</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">200,252</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">CTBC Bank</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">602,000</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">610,000</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: justify; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Other individual</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">30,000</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">30,000</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: justify; padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Total</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">801,407</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">840,252</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline">Cathay United Bank</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">On June 28, 2016, BioLite Taiwan and Cathay
United Bank entered into a one-year bank loan agreement (the &#8220;Cathay United Loan Agreement&#8221;) in a credit limit amount of
NTD 7.5 million, equivalent to $228,750. The term started June 28, 2016 with maturity date at June 28, 2017. The loan balance bears interest
at a floating rate of prime rate plus 1.31%. The prime rate is based on the term deposit saving interest rate of Cathay United Bank.
The Company renews the agreement with the bank every year, and the next renewal date is September 6, 2025. As of March 31, 2025 and December
31, 2024, the effective interest rates per annum was 2.99% and 2.99%, respectively. The loan is collateralized by the building and improvement
of BioLite Taiwan, and is also personal guaranteed by the Company&#8217;s chairman. During the three months ended March 31, 2025, the
Company made payments of the loan in total of NTD 937,500, equivalent to $29,250.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Interest expenses were $1,470 and $1,736 for
the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline">CTBC Bank</span>&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">On June 12, 2017 and July 19, 2017, BioLite
Taiwan and CTBC Bank entered into two short-term saving secured bank loan agreements (the &#8220;CTBC Loan Agreements&#8221;) in a credit
limit amount of NTD 10 million, equivalent to $327,500, and NTD 10 million, equivalent to $327,500, respectively. Both two loans with
the same maturity date at January 19, 2018. In February 2018, BioLite Taiwan combined two loans and extended the loan contract with CTBC
for one year. The Company renews the agreement with the bank every year, and the next renewal date is February 28, 2025.&#160;The loan
balances bear interest at a fixed rate of 2.5% per annum, and is secured by the money deposited in a savings account with the CTBC Bank.
This loan was also personal guaranteed by the Company&#8217;s chairman and BioFirst. During the year ended December 31, 2020, BioLite
Taiwan opened a TCD account with CTBC bank to guarantee the loan going forward.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Interest expenses were $3,761 and $3,964 for
the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline">Other individual &#8211; Third party</span>&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">On March 21, 2024, the Company issued an unsecured
promissory note to a third party for the proceeds of $30,000. The note bears interest rate of 12% per annum and matures on March 21,
2025, or upon the occurrence of an event of default. The promissory note was extended for anther year and matures on March 21, 2026,
with the same terms.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Interest expenses were $888 and $0 for the
three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.</span></p><span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">9. SHORT-TERM LOANS</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 24px; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(1)</span></td> <td style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Short-term loans consists of the following:</span></td></tr> </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">December&#160;31,</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline">Cathay United Bank</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">On June 28, 2016, BioLite Taiwan and Cathay
United Bank entered into a one-year bank loan agreement (the &#8220;Cathay United Loan Agreement&#8221;) in a credit limit amount of
NTD 7.5 million, equivalent to $228,750. The term started June 28, 2016 with maturity date at June 28, 2017. The loan balance bears interest
at a floating rate of prime rate plus 1.31%. The prime rate is based on term deposit saving interest rate of Cathay United Bank. The
Company renews the agreement with the bank every year, and the next renewal date is September 6, 2025. As of December 31, 2024&#160;and
December 31, 2023, the effective interest rates per annum was 2.99%&#160;and 2.87%, respectively. The loan is collateralized by the building
and improvement of BioLite Taiwan, and is also personal guaranteed by the Company&#8217;s chairman. During the year ended December 31,
2024, the Company made payments of the loan in total of NTD 934,366, equivalent to $29,152.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Interest expenses were $6,891 and $6,856 for
the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline">CTBC Bank</span>&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">On June 12, 2017 and July 19, 2017, BioLite
Taiwan and CTBC Bank entered into two short-term saving secured bank loan agreements (the &#8220;CTBC Loan Agreements&#8221;) in a credit
limit amount of NTD 10 million, equivalent to $327,500, and NTD 10 million, equivalent to $327,500, respectively. Both two loans with
the same maturity date at January 19, 2018. In February 2018, BioLite Taiwan combined two loans and extended the loan contract with CTBC
for one year. The Company renews the agreement with the bank every year, and the next renewal date is February 28, 2025.&#160;The loan
balances bear interest at a fixed rate of 2.5% per annum, and is secured by the money deposited in a savings account with the CTBC Bank.
This loan was also personal guaranteed by the Company&#8217;s chairman and BioFirst. During the year ended December 31, 2020, BioLite
Taiwan has opened a TCD account with CTBC bank to guarantee the loan going forward.</span></p>


<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Interest expenses were $15,557 and $15,610
for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline">Other individual &#8211; Third party</span>&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">On March 21, 2024, the Company issued an unsecured
promissory note to a third party for the proceeds of $30,000. The note bears interest rate of 12% per annum and matures on March 21,
2025, or upon the occurrence of an event of default.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Interest expenses were $2,811 for the year
ended December 31, 2024.</span></p><span></span>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Related Parties Transactions<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">3 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Mar. 31, 2025</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th>
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<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsAbstract', window );"><strong>Related Parties Transactions [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsDisclosureTextBlock', window );">RELATED PARTIES TRANSACTIONS</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">10. RELATED PARTIES TRANSACTIONS</b>&#160;&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The related parties of the company with whom
transactions are reported in these financial statements are as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr> <td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in; vertical-align: bottom; width: 30%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Name of entity or Individual</b></span></td> <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 1%; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; vertical-align: bottom; width: 69%; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Relationship with the Company and its subsidiaries</b></span></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">BioFirst Corporation (the &#8220;BioFirst&#8221;)</span></td> <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Entity controlled by controlling beneficiary shareholder of YuanGene</span></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top; "> <td style="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">BioFirst (Australia) Pty Ltd. 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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline">Revenues &#8211; related parties</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">There was no cash receipt for the three months
ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 from related parties on the licensing agreements or other services. Therefore, no related party revenue
was recognized during these periods. Please refer to Note 4, Collaborative Agreements for details.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline">Consulting fees &#8211; related parties</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">In March 2024, the Company engaged Lion Arts
Promotion Inc to provide operation, business development, human resources, and capital finance consulting services. The agreement is
for 12 months expiring in February 2025, and is optional for renewal upon mutual agreement. The Company incurred $68,141 and $14,628
for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline">Accounts receivable - related parties</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Accounts receivable due from related parties
consisted of the following as of the periods indicated:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">March&#160;31,</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">December&#160;31,</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">2024</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">2024</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 76%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Rgene</span></td><td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 9%; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-348"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;-</span></div></td><td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 9%; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-349"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;-</span></div></td><td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; padding-left: 0.125in"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Total</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-350"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-351"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  </table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">As of December 31, 2024, management considered
the outstanding accounts receivable from Rgene may not be recoverable, and recognized credit loss in full.</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline">Due from related parties</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Amounts due from related parties consisted
of the following as of the periods indicated:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Due from related party- Current</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">March&#160;31,</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">December&#160;31,</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">2025</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">2024</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 76%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Rgene (1)</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">1,867</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">565,711</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">BioFirst (2)</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">535,252</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">589,340</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Total</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">537,119</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">1,155,051</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  </table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Due from related parties- Non-current, net</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">March&#160;31,</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">December&#160;31,</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">2025</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">2024</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 76%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">BioFirst (Australia) (3)</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">839,983</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">839,983</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">BioHopeKing Corporation (4)</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">118,633</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">120,210</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Total</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">958,616</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">1,014,193</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Less: allowance for expected credit losses accounts</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(958,616</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(1,014,193</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; padding-left: 0.125in"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Net</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-352"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-353"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  </table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;&#160;</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The Company&#8217;s due from related parties
are subject to certain risks that our collaborative parties, including OncoX and FEYE, would face. Such risks exist in future market
conditions, macro economy, legal and regulatory, results of clinical trials and product developments, and among others. As of March 31,
2025, the Company&#8217;s comprehensive review of these due from related party balances indicates that there are no expected losses except
those being recognized above. This conclusion is based on the business relationships with our related parties and the absence of any
significant indicators of potential default.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline">Due to related parties</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Amount due to related parties consisted of
the following as of the periods indicated:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Directors (5)</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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  </table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(1)</span></td> <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On April 11, 2024, May 10, 2024, August 15, 2024, and December 24, 2024, AiBtl received short-term loans from its founding shareholder, AiBtl Holding, for the principal amounts of $40,000, $60,000, $33,732, and $214,487, respectively, for the purpose of daily operations. These loans do not bear interest and are payable on demand. </span></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(2)</span></td> <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Since 2019, the Jiangs advanced funds to the Company for working capital purpose. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the outstanding balance due to the Jiangs amounted to $222,522 and $274,170, respectively. These loans bear no interest and are due on demand.</span></td></tr> </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -24.1pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

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</td>
<td class="text"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">10. RELATED PARTIES TRANSACTIONS</b>&#160;&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The related parties of the company with whom
transactions are reported in these financial statements are as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline">Revenues &#8211; related parties</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">During the years ended December 31, 2024,
the Company received $296,000 in cash, pursuant to the licensing agreement and related amendment with FEYE, and recognized $296,000 revenue
correspondingly. In addition, the Company received $200,000 during the year ended December 31, 2024, pursuant to the licensing agreement
with OncoX, and recognized revenue correspondingly. Please refer to Note 4, Collaborative Agreements for details.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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    December 31</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 76%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">OncoX</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">200,000</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-285"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">FEYE</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">296,000</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-286"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Rgene</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-287"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
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  </table>


<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline">Consulting fees &#8211; related parties</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">In March 2024, the Company engaged Lion International
to provide operation, business development, human resources, and capital finance consulting services. The agreement is for 12 months
expiring in February 2025, and is optional for renewal upon mutual agreement. The Company incurred $104,083 for the year ended December
31, 2024. No such consulting service was engaged in year 2023.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline">Accounts receivable - related parties</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Accounts receivable due from related parties
consisted of the following as of the periods indicated:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">December&#160;31,</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">2024</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">2023</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">GenePharm Inc.</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-289"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="width: 76%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Rgene</span></td><td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 9%; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-290"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">10,463</span></td><td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; padding-left: 9pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Total</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-291"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">10,463</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  </table>


<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">As of December 31, 2024, management considered
the outstanding accounts receivable from Rgene may not be recoverable, and recognized credit loss in full.</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline">Due from related parties</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Amount due from related parties consisted
of the following as of the periods indicated:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Due from related party- Current</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF">
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    <td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td>
    <td style="width: 11%; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">565,711</span></td>
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    <td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
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    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Total</span></td>
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: black 4.5pt double"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>$</b></span></td>
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  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Due from related parties- Non-current, net</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 76%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">BioFirst (Australia) (3)</span></td><td style="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">839,983</span></td><td style="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">BioHopeKing Corporation (4)</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">113,516</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Total</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">953,499</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(839,983</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 4pt; padding-left: 9pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Net</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-292"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">113,516</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  </table>


<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;&#160;</span></p>

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</table>

<p style="margin: 0"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The Company&#8217;s due from related parties
are subject to certain risks that our collaborative parties, including OncoX and FEYE, would face. Such risks exist in future market
conditions, macro economy, legal and regulatory, results of clinical trials and product developments, and among others. As of December
31, 2024, the Company&#8217;s comprehensive review of these due from related party balances indicates that there are no expected losses
except those being recognized above. This conclusion is based on the business relationships with our related parties and the absence
of any significant indicators of potential default.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline">Due to related parties</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Amount due to related parties consisted of
the following as of the periods indicated:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 24px; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(1)</span></td> <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On April 11, 2024, May 10, 2024, August 15, 2024, and December 24, 2024, AiBtl received short-term loans from its founding shareholder, AiBtl Holding, for the principal amounts of $40,000, $60,000, $33,732, and $214,487, respectively, for the purpose of daily operations. These loans do not bear interest and are payable on demand. </span></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(2)</span></td> <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Since 2019, the Jiangs advanced funds to the Company for working capital purpose. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the outstanding balance due to the Jiangs amounted to $274,170 and $19,789, respectively. These loans bear no interest and are due on demand.</span></td></tr> </table>

<p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 24px; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(3)</span></td> <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Since 2018, the Company&#8217;s shareholders have advanced funds to the Company for working capital purpose. The advances bear interest rate around 12% per annum. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the outstanding principal and accrued interest was $172,112 and $152,382, respectively. Interest expenses in connection with these loans were $21,101 and $20,094 for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.</span></td></tr> </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -24.1pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 24px; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(4)</span></td> <td style="text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, due to Directors amounted to $8,526 and $1,322, respectively, were related to the daily operating expenses in 2024 and entity setup fee in 2023 paid by the Directors of AiBtl on behalf of the entity.</span></td></tr> </table><span></span>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Income Taxes<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">3 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Mar. 31, 2025</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract', window );"><strong>Income Taxes [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureTextBlock', window );">INCOME TAXES</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">11. INCOME TAXES</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Income tax
(benefit) expense for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 were <span style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-358">$0</span> and <span style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-359">$0</span>, respectively.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Deferred tax assets (liability)
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Net operating loss carryforwards</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">5,870,805</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">5,677,413</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Operating lease liabilities</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">155,559</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">178,014</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Operating lease assets</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(155,559</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(178,014</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Deferred tax assets, gross</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">6,584,028</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">6,390,636</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Valuation allowance</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(6,584,028</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(6,390,636</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Deferred tax assets, net</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-356"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-357"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  </table><span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">11. INCOME TAXES</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Income tax
(benefit) expense for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 consisted of the following:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Year Ended<br/> December 31,</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">2024</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">2023</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Current:</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Federal</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-294"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-295"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">State</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-296"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-297"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 76%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Foreign</span></td><td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(110,539</span></td><td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td><td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">140,338</span></td><td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Total Current</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(110,539</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">140,338</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Deferred:</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Federal</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-298"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-299"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">State</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-300"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-301"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Foreign</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-302"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">115,668</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Total Deferred</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-303"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">115,668</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Total provision for income tax (benefit) expense</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(110,539</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">256,006</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  </table>


<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Deferred tax assets (liability)
as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 consist approximately of:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">December&#160;31,</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">December&#160;31,</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">2024</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">2023</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 76%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Loss on impairment of Assets</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for income tax.</p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Equity<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">3 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Mar. 31, 2025</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th>
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<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EquityAbstract', window );"><strong>Equity [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityNoteDisclosureTextBlock', window );">EQUITY</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">12. EQUITY</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The Company previously reported that during
the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company entered into service agreements with Euro-Asia Investment &amp; Finance Corp Ltd. (a related
party), Ever Adventure inv. (Formosa) Consultant Co., Ltd., New Eastern Asia (a related party), and Kimho Consultants Co., Ltd. (a related
party) for the maintenance of the listing in the U.S. stock exchange market, investor relations, and business development. Pursuant to
the agreements, the Company issued 644,972 shares of the Company&#8217;s common stock for the consulting service from July 2019 to July
2024 for the service fee of $4,514,800 in aggregate, and recorded as stock subscription receivable. For the three months ended March
31, 2024, stock subscription receivable recognized as stock-based compensation in equity was $225,740.&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">After further reviewed and investigation,
above services were completely provided by December 31, 2022. Pursuant to ASC 718, the costs of services should be recognized along with
the period when services are received. Therefore, the Company reversed share-based compensation expenses of $225,740 for the three months
ended March 31, 2024.</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">On August 14, 2023, the Company entered into
a cooperation agreement with Zhonghui. Pursuant thereto, the Company expect to receive 20% of the ownership of a property and the parcel
of the land owned by Zhonghui in Leshan, Sichuan, China. During the third quarter of 2023, the Company issued to Zhonghui, an aggregate
of 370,000 shares (post-split) of the Company&#8217;s common stock, at a per share price of $1.87, for $691,900.&#160;The Company also
issued 29,600 common stock to consultants for providing consulting services on the above transaction. Please refer Note 2 for the restatement
of prior period reported amounts.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">On January 27, 2024, the Company granted 1,302,726
restricted shares to its employees and directors under the 2016 Equity Incentive Plan as compensation for their previous services, with
an issuance date of February 2, 2024. These shares are subject to a three-year restriction period.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">On February 6, 2024, the Company entered into
a definitive agreement with Shuling Jiang (&#8220;Shuling&#8221;), pursuant to which Shuling shall transfer the ownership of certain
land she owns located at Taoyuan City, Taiwan (the &#8220;Land&#8221;) to the Company (the &#8220;Agreement&#8221;). Shuling is a director
of the Company, is married to TS Jiang, the Company&#8217;s Chief Strategic Officer and owns approximately 15.4% of the Company&#8217;s
issued and outstanding shares of common stock. In consideration for the Land, the Company was to pay Shuling (i) 703,496 restricted shares
of the Company&#8217;s common stock (the &#8220;Shares&#8221;) at a price of $3.50 per share and (ii) five-year warrants to purchase
up to 1,000,000 shares of the Company&#8217;s common stock, with an exercise price of $2.00 per share. Under the Agreement, Shuling was
to also transfer outstanding liability owed on the Land (approximately $500,000) to the Company. On May 16, 2024, the Company&#8217;s
board of directors determined that it was in the best interest of the Company and its shareholders to terminate the Agreement and not
proceed with the transfer of land ownership; the Company may reconsider the transaction at a later date. The shares were returned and
booked as treasury stock, and the warrants were not issued.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">In July 2024, the Company entered into an
agreement with its landlord in California, pursuant that the Company issued 169,992 shares of common stock for the rent payable through
July 2024, in total of $127,494. The Company also issued 43,458 shares on August 14, 2024 for the August 2024 rent, and 46,072 shares
were issued on September 3, 2024 for the September 2024 rent. Further, we issued 64,147 shares on October 29, 2024 for October rent,
45,293 shares on November 13, 2024 for November rent, and 30,422 shares on December 26, 2024 for half month of December rent. In 2025,
the Company issued 28,135 shares, 22,031 shares, and 30,488 shares for each of the half month rent from January 2025 to March 2025, respectively.
On April 9, 2025, the Company entered another agreement with the landlord to settle remaining balance of each half month of February
and March 2025 rent, and April 2025 rent, by issuing 120,398 of the Company&#8217;s common stock, in the value of $66,219.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline">Noncontrolling Interests</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">On March 14, 2024, AiBtl issued 1,610,700
AiBtl&#8217;s common stocks to a land acquisition transaction in Taiwan, including the 1-year business consulting fee of $383,500 incurred
beginning in November 2023, and the cost of land $7,670,000. Due to certain administrative processes and restrictions, AiBtl has not
acquired ownership of the land and no asset was recognized.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Yunzhiyi, a Taiwan corporation, was incorporated
in August 2024, with 90% owned by BioLite Taiwan and 10% owned by Shuling Jiang, the Company&#8217;s director. This entity is set up
for holding the land that AiBtl acquired in Taiwan for developing health related business in Taiwan. Due to certain administrative processes
and restrictions, the title transfer has not completed, and no asset was recognized as of the issuance of this report. However, AiBtl
entered a series of agreements with the sellers in March 2025, to obtain the complete rights and obligations of the land while in the
process of transferring the title. These agreements are effective until the title transfer is completed. AiBtl recognized such asset
on its balance sheet on March 31, 2025. Refer to Note 6 for details.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline">Lind Offerings and Repayments</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">On February 23, 2023, in connection with the
issuance of the Lind Note (referring to Note 7), the Company issued Lind a 5-year term of common stock purchase warrant to purchase up
to 529,167 shares (post-split) of the Company&#8217;s common stock at an initial exercise price of $10.5 per share (post-split), subject
to adjustment. The warrant exercise price was reset to $3.5 in accordance with the issuance of common stock in relation to securities
purchase agreement in July 2023. On May 22, 2024, the exercise price of these warrants was further reset to $0.75 along with the immediate
exercise of existing warrants and issuance of the New Warrants.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">During the three months ended March 31, 2024,
the Company has made repayment of Lind Note with the Company&#8217;s common stock for 751,795 shares, totaling $681,000. As of December
31, 2024, the first Lind Note was fully repaid.</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">On November 17, 2023, in connection with the
issuance of the 2<sup>nd</sup> Lind Note (referring to Note 7), Lind also received a 5-year term of common stock purchase warrants to
purchase up to 1,000,000 shares of the Company&#8217;s common stock at an initial exercise price of $2 per share. The warrants were valued
using the Black-Scholes model and the fair value was determined to be $480,795, which was recorded as a debt discount.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">On January 17, 2024, in connection with the
issuance of the 3<sup>rd</sup> Lind Note (referring to Note 7), Lind also received 5-year term of common stock purchase warrants to purchase
up to 1,000,000 shares of the Company&#8217;s common stock at an initial exercise price of $2 per share.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">On May 22, 2024, the Company and Lind entered
into a letter agreement, pursuant to which Lind will exercise, for cash, 1,000,000 of its Pre-Existing Warrants (all of the warrants
issued to Lind on February 23, 2023, November 17, 2023 and January 17, 2024 are hereinafter referred to as the &#8220;Pre-Existing Warrants&#8221;),
to purchase shares of Common Stock at a reduced exercise price of $0.75 per share. Such 1,000,000 Pre-Existing Warrants exercised include
529,167 warrants issued in February 2023 and 470,833 warrants issued in November 2023. Concurrently, the exercise price of all Pre-Existing
Warrants was reduced to $0.75 per share according to this agreement. Lind also received new warrants to purchase 1,000,000 shares of
common stock, exercisable at any time on or after the date of its issuance and until the five-year anniversary thereof, for $1.00 per
share (the &#8220;New Warrants&#8221;). The fair value of the New Warrants was determined to be $925,210 using the Black-Scholes model.
The New Warrants may be exercised via cashless exercise or resale pursuant to the registration statement that was declared effective.
As of December 31, 2024, Lind has exercised 1,000,000 shares of Pre-Existing Warrants and received 1,000,000 shares of New Warrants according
to this agreement. All warrants issued to Lind may be exercised via cashless exercise.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">During the year ended December 31, 2024, the
Company issued Lind in total of 800,000 shares of the Company&#8217;s common stock as the repayment of $800,000 principal of 2<sup>nd</sup>
Lind Note. According to the amended agreement pursuant to Nasdaq requirements, the conversion price is subject to $1.00 floor price if
the conversion price was below such floor, resulting in effective conversion price between $0.7907 to $0.4932. The Company made additional
$327,017 cash repayments, with $127,759 unpaid cash booked in Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities as of December 31, 2024.
On March 3, 2025 and April 1, 2025, Lind converted the remaining $400,000 ($200,000 in each conversion) principal balance on 2<sup>nd</sup>
Lind Note into 400,000 shares of the Company&#8217;s common stocks. All principal balance of 2<sup>nd</sup> Lind Note was fully converted
as of April 1, 2025.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">On March 3, 2025 and April 1, 2025, Lind converted
$400,000 ($200,000 in each conversion) principal balance on 3<sup>rd</sup> Lind Note into 400,000 shares of the Company&#8217;s common
stocks, leaving outstanding principal of $600,000.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">On January 5, 2025, the Company and Lind entered
into a third letter agreement, pursuant to which Lind agreed to exercise for cash, 1,029,167 of the Existing Warrants to purchase shares
of Common Stock, with a current exercise price of $0.75 per share, at a reduced exercise price of $0.40 per share.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Warrants issued and outstanding in connection
with above Lind convertible notes as of March 31, 2025, and their activities during the three-month period ended are as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Number of<br/> Underlying<br/> Shares</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Weighted-<br/> Average<br/> Exercise<br/> Price<br/> Per Share</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Weighted-<br/> Average<br/> Contractual<br/> Life<br/> Remaining<br/> in Years</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Aggregate<br/> Intrinsic<br/> Value</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; 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text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">4.20</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">195,542</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Issued</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-360"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-361"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-362"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-363"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; 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text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-364"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-365"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Outstanding as of March 31, 2025</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">1,000,000</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">0.40</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">4.14</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">60,000</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr> </table>


<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 0in"></td><td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">*</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On January 5, 2025, the Company and Lind entered into a third letter agreement (the &#8220;December Letter Agreement&#8221;), pursuant to which Lind agreed to exercise for cash, 1,029,167 of the Existing Warrants to purchase shares of Common Stock, with a current exercise price of $0.75 per share, at a reduced exercise price of $0.40 per share. The weighted average exercise price per share as of December 31, 2024 was adjusted to the reduction accordingly.</span></td>
</tr></table><span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">12. EQUITY</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The Company previously reported that during
the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company entered into service agreements with Euro-Asia Investment &amp; Finance Corp Ltd. (a related
party), Ever Adventure inv. (Formosa) Consultant Co., Ltd., New Eastern Asia (a related party), and Kimho Consultants Co., Ltd. (a related
party) for the maintenance of the listing in the U.S. stock exchange market, investor relations, and business development. Pursuant to
the agreements, the Company issued 644,972 shares of the Company&#8217;s common stock for the consulting service from July 2019 to July
2024 for the service fee of $4,514,800 in aggregate, and recorded as stock subscription receivable. For the years ended December 31,
2024 (through June 30, 2024) and 2023, stock subscription receivable recognized as stock-based compensation in equity was $451,480 and
$902,960, respectively.&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">After further reviewed and investigation,
above services were completely provided by December 31, 2022. Pursuant to ASC 718, the costs of services should be recognized along with
the period when services are received. Therefore, the Company reversed share-based compensation expenses of $451,480 and $902,960 for
the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The accumulated deficit as of December 31, 2022 was corrected with the Stock
Subscription Receivables for $1,354,440 as a result of such adjustments.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">On January 3, 2023, the Company issued&#160;22,341&#160;common
stock (post-split) to a consultant for providing consulting services on listing to NASDAQ in 2021.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">On July 27, 2023, the Company entered into
that certain securities purchase agreement. relating to the offer and sale of 30,000 shares of common stock (post-split) and 20,000 pre-funded
warrants (post-split), at an exercise price of $0.001 per share, in a registered direct offering. Pursuant to the Purchase Agreement,
the Company agreed to sell the Shares and/or Pre-funded Warrants at a per share purchase price of $3.50, for gross proceeds of $1,750,000,
before deducting any estimated offering expenses. On August 1, 2023, 200,000&#160;pre-funded warrants were exercised.</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">On August 14, 2023, the Company entered into
a cooperation agreement with Zhonghui. Pursuant thereto, the Company expect to receive 20% of the ownership of a property and the parcel
of the land owned by Zhonghui in Leshan, Sichuan, China. During the third quarter of 2023, the Company issued to Zhonghui, an aggregate
of 370,000 shares (post-split) of the Company&#8217;s common stock, at a per share price of $1.87, for $691,900.&#160;The Company also
issued 29,600 common stock to consultants for providing consulting services on the above transaction. Please refer Note 2 for the restatement
of prior year reported amounts.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">On January 27, 2024, the Company granted 1,302,726
restricted shares to its employees and directors under the 2016 Equity Incentive Plan as compensation for their previous services, with
an issuance date of February 2, 2024. These shares are subject to a three-year restriction period.</span></p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">On February 6, 2024, the Company entered into
a definitive agreement with Shuling Jiang (&#8220;Shuling&#8221;), pursuant to which Shuling shall transfer the ownership of certain
land she owns located at Taoyuan City, Taiwan (the &#8220;Land&#8221;) to the Company (the &#8220;Agreement&#8221;). Shuling is a director
of the Company, is married to TS Jiang, the Company&#8217;s Chief Strategic Officer and owns approximately 15.4% of the Company&#8217;s
issued and outstanding shares of common stock. In consideration for the Land, the Company was to pay Shuling (i) 703,496 restricted shares
of the Company&#8217;s common stock (the &#8220;Shares&#8221;) at a price of $3.50 per share and (ii) five-year warrants to purchase
up to 1,000,000 shares of the Company&#8217;s common stock, with an exercise price of $2.00 per share. Under the Agreement, Shuling was
to also transfer outstanding liability owed on the Land (approximately $500,000) to the Company. On May 16, 2024, the Company&#8217;s
board of directors determined that it was in the best interest of the Company and its shareholders to terminate the Agreement and not
proceed with the transfer of land ownership; the Company may reconsider the transaction at a later date. The shares were returned and
booked as treasury stock, and the warrants were not issued.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">On May 24, 2024, the Company issued 200,000
shares of common stock to a consultant for providing business and funding opportunities.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">In June 2024, the Company entered into a stock
purchase agreement with an investor, which the Company issued 41,387 shares of common stock at $0.75 per share to the investor for cash.
Due to certain stock transfer processes, one of the Company&#8217;s shareholders transferred such shares to the investor on behalf of
the company in July 2024; the company plans to issue the same number of shares to the transferring shareholder soon.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">In July 2024, the Company entered into an
agreement with its landlord in California, pursuant that the Company will make the rent payments in the Company&#8217;s common stocks.
As of December 31, 2024, the Company has issued 399,384 shares with average issuance price of $0.68 per share, for the monthly rent from
April 2024 and half month of December 2024, in total of $271,827. The Company subsequently issued 80,654 shares of its common stock for
each of the half month rent in the first quarter of 2025.</span></p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline">Noncontrolling Interests</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">AiBtl was incorporated
in January 2023 and issued <span style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-309"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-310">20,000,000</span></span> shares of its common stocks to the founding shareholder AiBtl Holding with the par value $0.0001,
for $2,000 at the time of incorporation. Due to certain administrative process, the previous issuance was not correctly and timely recorded
at AiBtl&#8217;s book which resulted in the correction of the previous reported non-controlling interest equity balance. Later in December
2023, AiBtl issued 23,000,000 shares to ABVC and 23,000,000 shares to BioLite, respectively, as a consideration for the Company&#8217;s
out-licensing products, as disclosed in Note 4. At the close of the transaction, AiBtl became the Company&#8217;s 60.70% owned subsidiary
included in the consolidated financial statements.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">On March 14, 2024, AiBtl issued 1,610,700
AiBtl&#8217;s common stocks to a land acquisition transaction in Taiwan, including the 1-year business consulting fee of $383,500 incurred
beginning in November 2023, and the cost of land $7,670,000. Due to certain administrative processes and restrictions, AiBtl has not
acquired ownership of the land and no asset was recognized.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Yunzhiyi, a Taiwan corporation, was incorporated
in August 2024, with 90% owned by BioLite Taiwan and 10% owned by Shuling Jiang, the Company&#8217;s director. This entity is set up
for holding the land that AiBtl acquired in Taiwan for developing health related business in Taiwan. Due to certain administrative processes
and restrictions, the title transfer has not completed, and no asset was recognized as of the issuance of this report. However, AiBtl
entered a series of agreements with the sellers in March 2025, to obtain the complete rights and obligations of the land while in the
process of transferring the title. These agreements are effective until the tile transfer is completed. AiBtl recognized such asset on
its balance sheet in March 2025.</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline">Lind Offerings and Repayments</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">On February 23, 2023, in connection with the
issuance of the Lind Note (referring to Note 7), the Company issued Lind a 5-year term of common stock purchase warrant to purchase up
to 529,167 shares (post-split) of the Company&#8217;s common stock at an initial exercise price of $10.5 per share (post-split), subject
to adjustment. The warrant exercise price was reset to $3.5 in accordance with the issuance of common stock in relation to securities
purchase agreement in July 2023. On May 22, 2024, the exercise price of these warrants was further reset to $0.75 along with the immediate
exercise of existing warrants and issuance of the New Warrants.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">During the years ended December 31, 2024 and
2023, the Company has made repayment of Lind Note with the Company&#8217;s common stock for 1,705,303 shares and 3,732,167 shares, respectively,
totaling $593,714 and $1,786,686, respectively. As of December 31, 2024, the first Lind Note was fully repaid.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">On November 17, 2023, in connection with the
issuance of the 2<sup>nd</sup> Lind Note (referring to Note 7), Lind also received a 5-year term of common stock purchase warrants to
purchase up to 1,000,000 shares of the Company&#8217;s common stock at an initial exercise price of $2 per share. The warrants were valued
using the Black-Scholes model and the fair value was determined to be $480,795, which was recorded as a debt discount.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">On January 17, 2024, in connection with the
issuance of the 3<sup>rd</sup> Lind Note (referring to Note 7), Lind also received 5-year term of common stock purchase warrants to purchase
up to 1,000,000 shares of the Company&#8217;s common stock at an initial exercise price of $2 per share.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">On May 22, 2024, the Company and Lind entered
into a letter agreement, pursuant to which Lind will exercise, for cash, 1,000,000 of its Pre-Existing Warrants (all of the warrants
issued to Lind on February 23, 2023, November 17, 2023 and January 17, 2024 are hereinafter referred to as the &#8220;Pre-Existing Warrants&#8221;),
to purchase shares of Common Stock at a reduced exercise price of $0.75 per share. Such 1,000,000 Pre-Existing Warrants exercised include
529,167 warrants issued in February 2023 and 470,833 warrants issued in November 2023. Concurrently, the exercise price of all Pre-Existing
Warrants was reduced to $0.75 per share according to this agreement. Lind also received new warrants to purchase 1,000,000 shares of
common stock, exercisable at any time on or after the date of its issuance and until the five-year anniversary thereof, for $1.00 per
share (the &#8220;New Warrants&#8221;). The fair value of the New Warrants was determined to be $925,210 using the Black-Scholes model.
The New Warrants may be exercised via cashless exercise or resale pursuant to the registration statement that was declared effective.
As of December 31, 2024, Lind has exercised 1,000,000 shares of Pre-Existing Warrants and received 1,000,000 shares of New Warrants according
to this agreement. All warrants issued to Lind may be exercised via cashless exercise.</span></p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">During the year ended December 31, 2024, the
Company issued Lind in total of 800,000 shares of the Company&#8217;s common stock as the repayment of $800,000 principal of 2<sup>nd</sup>
Lind Note. According to the amended agreement pursuant to Nasdaq requirements, the conversion price is subject to $1.00 floor price if
the conversion price was below such floor, resulting in effective conversion price between $0.7907 to $0.4932. The Company made additional
$327,017 cash repayments, with $127,759 unpaid cash booked in Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities. As of the date of this
report, Lind has converted the remaining $400,000 principal balance on 2<sup>nd</sup> Lind Note into 400,000 shares of the Company&#8217;s
common stocks.</span></p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Subsequent to December 31, 2024 through the
date of this report, Lind has converted $400,000 of 3<sup>rd</sup> Lind Note principal balance into 400,000 the Company&#8217;s common
stock, leaving outstanding principal of $600,000.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Warrants issued and outstanding in connection
with above Lind convertible notes as of December 31, 2024, and their activities during the year ended are as follows:</span></p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Number of<br/> Underlying<br/> Shares</b></span></td> <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Weighted-<br/> Average<br/> Exercise<br/> Price<br/> Per Share</b></span></td> <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; 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text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1,529,167</span></td> <td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td> <td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">0.40</span></td> <td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3.15</span></td> <td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; 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text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(1,500,000</span></td> <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td> <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-306"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">-</span></div></td> <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-307"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">-</span></div></td> <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-308"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">-</span></div></td> <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Outstanding as of December 31, 2024</span></td> <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="border-bottom: black 4.5pt double"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="border-bottom: black 4.5pt double; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2,029,167</span></td> <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td> <td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">0.70</span></td> <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">*</span></td> <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4.20</span></td> <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="border-bottom: black 4.5pt double"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td> <td style="border-bottom: black 4.5pt double; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; 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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">*</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">On January 5, 2025, the Company and Lind entered into a third letter agreement (the &#8220;December Letter Agreement&#8221;), pursuant to which Lind agreed to exercise for cash, 1,029,167 of the Existing Warrants to purchase shares of Common Stock, with a current exercise price of $0.75 per share, at a reduced exercise price of $0.40 per share. The weighted average exercise price per share as of December 31, 2024 was adjusted to the reduction accordingly.</span></td>
</tr></table><span></span>
</td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
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<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EquityAbstract</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for equity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 815<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 8A<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480434/815-10-50-8A<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 13<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-13<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 13<br> -Subparagraph (h)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-13<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Stock Options<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">3 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Mar. 31, 2025</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsSharebasedPaymentsAbstract', window );"><strong>Stock Options [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsShareBasedPaymentsTextBlock', window );">STOCK OPTIONS</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">13. STOCK OPTIONS</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The Company has <span style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-376"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-377">not</span></span> granted any options during
three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024. The Company&#8217;s most recent option grant was in 2022 that 76,190&#160;shares (post-split)
of common stock were granted to employees and certain consultants.&#160;The weighted average grant date fair value of options granted
in 2022 was $27.9 (post-split). There are 386,021&#160;options available for grant under the 2016 Equity Incentive Plan as of December
31, 2024. Compensation costs associated with the Company&#8217;s stock options are recognized, based on the grant-date fair values of
these options over vesting period. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, there were <span style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-378"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-379">no</span></span> unvested options.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Options issued and outstanding as of March
31, 2025, and their activities during the year then ended are as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Weighted-</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Weighted-</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Average</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Average</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Number&#160;of</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Exercise</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Contractual</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td colspan="2"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Underlying<br/> Shares<br/> (post-split)</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Price<br/> Per&#160;Share<br/> (post-split)</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Life<br/> Remaining<br/> in Years</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; 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text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">6.50</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-373"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Exercisable as of March 31, 2025</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">258,710</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">27.9</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">6.50</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-374"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Vested and expected to vest</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">258,710</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">27.9</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">6.50</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-375"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr> </table><span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">13. STOCK OPTIONS</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The Company has not granted any options during
years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023. The Company&#8217;s most recent option grant was in 2022 that 76,190&#160;shares (post-split)
of common stock were granted to employees and certain consultants.&#160;The weighted average grant date fair value of options granted
in 2022 was $27.9 (post-split). There are 386,021&#160;options available for grant under the 2016 Equity Incentive Plan as of December
31, 2024. Compensation costs associated with the Company&#8217;s stock options are recognized, based on the grant-date fair values of
these options over vesting period. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, there were no unvested options.</span></p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Options issued and outstanding as of December
31, 2024, and their activities during the year then ended are as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

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font-size: 10pt">$</span></td> <td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">27.9</span></td> <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">6.74</span></td> <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="border-bottom: black 4.5pt double"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td> <td style="border-bottom: black 4.5pt double; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-322"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">-</span></div></td> <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr> </table><span></span>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for share-based payment arrangement.</p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Loss Per Share<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">3 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Mar. 31, 2025</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareAbstract', window );"><strong>Loss Per Share [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareTextBlock', window );">LOSS PER SHARE</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">14. LOSS PER SHARE</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Basic loss per share is computed by dividing
net loss by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the year. Diluted loss per share is computed by dividing
net loss by the weighted-average number of common shares and dilutive potential common shares outstanding during the three months ended
March 31, 2025 and 2024.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Three Months &#160;Ended</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">March&#160;31,<br/> 2025</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">March&#160;31,<br/> 2024</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Numerator:</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 76%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Net loss attributable to ABVC&#8217;s common stockholders</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(842,075</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(2,834,199</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td></tr>
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    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Denominator:</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Weighted-average shares outstanding &#8211; Basic &amp; Diluted</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">14,968,232</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">9,736,150</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Loss per share</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">-Basic &amp; Diluted</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(0.06</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(0.29</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td></tr>
  </table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Diluted loss per share takes into account
the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue Common Stock were exercised and converted into Common
Stock. Since the Company suffered net loss for both years, any diluted shares would have anti-diluted effect.</span></p><span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">14. LOSS PER SHARE</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Basic loss per share is computed by dividing
net loss by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the year. Diluted loss per share is computed by dividing
net loss by the weighted-average number of common shares and dilutive potential common shares outstanding during the years ended December
31, 2024 and 2023.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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    2024</b></span></td>
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>December&#160;31,<br/>
    2023</b></span></td>
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Numerator:</span></td>
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <td style="width: 78%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Net loss attributable to ABVC&#8217;s
    common stockholders</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td>
    <td style="width: 8%; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(4,902,878</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td>
    <td style="width: 8%; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(7,788,050</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Denominator:</span></td>
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Weighted-average shares outstanding &#8211; Basic
    &amp; Diluted</span></td>
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 4.5pt double"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 4.5pt double; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">11,673,980</span></td>
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 4.5pt double"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 4.5pt double; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4,335,650</span></td>
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Loss per share</span></td>
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">-Basic &amp; Diluted</span></td>
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 4.5pt double"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 4.5pt double; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(0.42</span></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td>
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 4.5pt double"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 4.5pt double; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(1.80</span></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td></tr>
  </table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Diluted loss per share takes into account
the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue Common Stock were exercised and converted into Common
Stock. Since the Company suffered net loss for both years, any diluted shares would have anti-diluted effect.</span></p><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for earnings per share.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Lease<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">3 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Mar. 31, 2025</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisclosureTextBlockAbstract', window );"><strong>Lease [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeasesTextBlock', window );">LEASE</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">15. LEASE</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The Company adopted FASB Accounting Standards
Codification, Topic 842, Leases (&#8220;ASC 842&#8221;) using the modified retrospective approach, electing the practical expedient that
allows the Company not to restate its comparative periods prior to the adoption of the standard on January 1, 2019.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The Company applied the following practical
expedients in the transition to the new standard and allowed under ASC 842:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Reassessment of expired
    or existing contracts: The Company elected not to reassess, at the application date, whether any expired or existing contracts contained
    leases, the lease classification for any expired or existing leases, and the accounting for initial direct costs for any existing
    leases.</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Use of hindsight: The
    Company elected to use hindsight in determining the lease term (that is, when considering options to extend or terminate the lease
    and to purchase the underlying asset) and in assessing impairment of right-to-use assets.</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Reassessment of existing
    or expired land easements: The Company elected not to evaluate existing or expired land easements that were not previously accounted
    for as leases under ASC 840, as allowed under the transition practical expedient. Going forward, new or modified land easements will
    be evaluated under ASU No. 2016-02.</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Separation of lease
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Short-term lease recognition
    exemption: The Company also elected the short-term lease recognition exemption and will not recognize ROU assets or lease liabilities
    for leases with a term less than 12 months.</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The new leasing standard requires recognition
of leases on the consolidated balance sheets as right-of-use (&#8220;ROU&#8221;) assets and lease liabilities. ROU assets represent the
Company&#8217;s right to use underlying assets for the lease terms and lease liabilities represent the Company&#8217;s obligation to
make lease payments arising from the leases. Operating lease ROU assets and operating lease liabilities are recognized based on the present
value and future minimum lease payments over the lease term at commencement date. The Company&#8217;s future minimum based payments used
to determine the Company&#8217;s lease liabilities mainly include minimum based rent payments. As most of Company&#8217;s leases do not
provide an implicit rate, the Company uses its estimated incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at commencement
date in determining the present value of lease payments.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The Company recognized lease liabilities,
with corresponding ROU assets, based on the present value of unpaid lease payments for existing operating leases longer than twelve months.
The ROU assets were adjusted per ASC 842 transition guidance for existing lease-related balances of accrued and prepaid rent, unamortized
lease incentives provided by lessors, and restructuring liabilities. Operating lease cost is recognized as a single lease cost on a straight-line
basis over the lease term and is recorded in Selling, general and administrative expenses. Variable lease payments for common area maintenance,
property taxes and other operating expenses are recognized as expense in the period when the changes in facts and circumstances on which
the variable lease payments are based occur.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The Company has no finance leases. The Company&#8217;s
leases primarily include various office and laboratory spaces, copy machine, and vehicles under various operating lease arrangements.
The Company&#8217;s operating leases have remaining lease terms of up to approximately five years.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">March&#160;31,<br/> 2025</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">December&#8239;31,<br/> 2024</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">ASSETS</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 76%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Operating lease right-of-use assets</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">533,460</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">640,387</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">LIABILITIES</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Operating lease liabilities (current)</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">366,475</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">403,581</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Operating lease liabilities (non-current)</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">166,985</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">236,807</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  </table><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"><i>Supplemental Information</i></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The following provides details of the Company&#8217;s
lease expenses:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Three Months Ended<br/> March 31,</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">2025</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">2024</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 76%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Operating lease expenses</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">117,166</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">98,502</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  </table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Other information related to leases is presented
below:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Three Months Ended<br/> March 31,</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">2025</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">2024</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 76%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of operating lease liabilities</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">117,166</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">98,502</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  </table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">March&#160;31,<br/> 2025</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">December&#160;31,<br/> 2024</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Weighted Average Remaining Lease Term:</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 76%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Operating leases</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.43 years</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.48 years</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Weighted Average Discount Rate:</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Operating leases</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">1.32</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">%</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">1.19</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">%</span></td></tr> </table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The minimum future annual payments under non-cancellable
leases during the next five years and thereafter, at rates now in force, are as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Operating<br/> leases</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 88%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">2025 (Excluding current period)</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">302,071</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">2026</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">104,849</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">2027</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">46,699</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">2028</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">46,699</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">2029</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">46,699</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Thereafter</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-380"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Total future minimum lease payments, undiscounted</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">547,017</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Less: Imputed interest</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(13,557</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Present value of future minimum lease payments</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">533,460</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  </table><span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">15. LEASE</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The Company adopted FASB Accounting Standards
Codification, Topic 842, Leases (&#8220;ASC 842&#8221;) using the modified retrospective approach, electing the practical expedient that
allows the Company not to restate its comparative periods prior to the adoption of the standard on January 1, 2019.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The Company applied the following practical
expedients in the transition to the new standard and allowed under ASC 842:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 24px"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 24px"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Reassessment of expired
    or existing contracts: The Company elected not to reassess, at the application date, whether any expired or existing contracts contained
    leases, the lease classification for any expired or existing leases, and the accounting for initial direct costs for any existing
    leases.</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 24px"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 24px"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Use of hindsight: The
    Company elected to use hindsight in determining the lease term (that is, when considering options to extend or terminate the lease
    and to purchase the underlying asset) and in assessing impairment of right-to-use assets.</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 24px"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 24px"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Reassessment of existing
    or expired land easements: The Company elected not to evaluate existing or expired land easements that were not previously accounted
    for as leases under ASC 840, as allowed under the transition practical expedient. Going forward, new or modified land easements will
    be evaluated under ASU No. 2016-02.</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 24px"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 24px"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Separation of lease
    and non- lease components: Lease agreements that contain both lease and non-lease components are generally accounted for separately.</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 24px"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 24px"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Short-term lease recognition
    exemption: The Company also elected the short-term lease recognition exemption and will not recognize ROU assets or lease liabilities
    for leases with a term less than 12 months.</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The new leasing standard requires recognition
of leases on the consolidated balance sheets as right-of-use (&#8220;ROU&#8221;) assets and lease liabilities. ROU assets represent the
Company&#8217;s right to use underlying assets for the lease terms and lease liabilities represent the Company&#8217;s obligation to
make lease payments arising from the leases. Operating lease ROU assets and operating lease liabilities are recognized based on the present
value and future minimum lease payments over the lease term at commencement date. The Company&#8217;s future minimum based payments used
to determine the Company&#8217;s lease liabilities mainly include minimum based rent payments. As most of Company&#8217;s leases do not
provide an implicit rate, the Company uses its estimated incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at commencement
date in determining the present value of lease payments.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The Company recognized lease liabilities,
with corresponding ROU assets, based on the present value of unpaid lease payments for existing operating leases longer than twelve months.
The ROU assets were adjusted per ASC 842 transition guidance for existing lease-related balances of accrued and prepaid rent, unamortized
lease incentives provided by lessors, and restructuring liabilities. Operating lease cost is recognized as a single lease cost on a straight-line
basis over the lease term and is recorded in Selling, general and administrative expenses. Variable lease payments for common area maintenance,
property taxes and other operating expenses are recognized as expense in the period when the changes in facts and circumstances on which
the variable lease payments are based occur.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The Company has no finance leases. The Company&#8217;s
leases primarily include various office and laboratory spaces, copy machine, and vehicles under various operating lease arrangements.
The Company&#8217;s operating leases have remaining lease terms of up to approximately five years.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">December&#160;31,<br/> 2024</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">December&#8239;31,<br/> 2023</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">ASSETS</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 76%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Operating lease right-of-use assets</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">640,387</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">809,283</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">LIABILITIES</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Operating lease liabilities (current)</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">403,581</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">401,826</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Operating lease liabilities (non-current)</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">236,807</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">407,457</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  </table><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"><i>Supplemental Information</i></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The following provides details of the Company&#8217;s
lease expenses:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Year Ended<br/> December 31,</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">2024</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">2023</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 76%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Operating lease expenses</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">514,420</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">358,576</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  </table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Other information related to leases is presented
below:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Year Ended<br/> December 31,</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">2024</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">2023</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 76%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of operating lease liabilities</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">484,181</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">358,576</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  </table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">December&#160;31,<br/> 2024</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">December&#160;31,<br/> 2023</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; 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text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.48 years</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1.73 years</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Weighted Average Discount Rate:</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Operating leases</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">1.19</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">%</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">1.50</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">%</span></td></tr> </table>



<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The minimum future annual payments under non-cancellable
leases during the next five years and thereafter, at rates now in force, are as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Operating<br/>
    leases</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 88%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">2025</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">2026</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">104,236</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">2027</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">47,320</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">2028</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">47,320</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">2029</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">47,320</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Thereafter</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-323"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Total future minimum lease payments, undiscounted</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">655,782</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Less: Imputed interest</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Present value of future minimum lease payments</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for operating leases of lessee. Includes, but is not limited to, description of operating lease and maturity analysis of operating lease liability.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/842-20/tableOfContent<br></p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Commitments and Contingencies<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">3 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Mar. 31, 2025</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingenciesDisclosureAbstract', window );"><strong>Commitments and Contingencies [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingenciesDisclosureTextBlock', window );">COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">16. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES</b>&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">In the ordinary course of business, the Company
may be subject to legal proceedings regarding contractual and employment relationships and a variety of other matters. The Company records
contingent liabilities resulting from such claims, when a loss is assessed to be probable, and the amount of the loss is reasonably estimable.
In the opinion of management, there were no pending or threatened claims and litigation as of March 31, 2025 and up through the date
of the consolidated financial statements was available to the issued.</span></p><span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">16. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES</b>&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">In the ordinary course of business, the Company
may be subject to legal proceedings regarding contractual and employment relationships and a variety of other matters. The Company records
contingent liabilities resulting from such claims, when a loss is assessed to be probable, and the amount of the loss is reasonably estimable.
In the opinion of management, there were no pending or threatened claims and litigation as of December 31, 2024 and up through the date
of the consolidated financial statements was available to the issued.</span></p><span></span>
</td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for commitments and contingencies.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 405<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/405-30/tableOfContent<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 440<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482648/440-10-50-4<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 450<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/450/tableOfContent<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 954<br> -SubTopic 440<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478522/954-440-50-1<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 440<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482648/440-10-50-4<br><br>Reference 6: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 440<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/440/tableOfContent<br></p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Acquisition<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AssetAcquisitionAbstract', window );"><strong>Acquisition [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AssetAcquisitionTextBlock', window );">ACQUISITION</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">17. ACQUISITION</b>&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">On November 12, 2023, the Company and one
of its subsidiaries, BioLite, Inc. (&#8220;BioLite Taiwan&#8221;)&#160; each entered into a multi-year, global licensing agreement with
AiBtl BioPharma Inc. (&#8220;AiBtl&#8221;, or the acquired company) for the Company and BioLite Taiwan&#8217;s CNS drugs with the indications
of MDD (Major Depressive Disorder) and ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) (collectively, the &#8220;Licensed Products&#8221;).
The potential license will cover the Licensed Products&#8217; clinical trial, registration, manufacturing, supply, and distribution rights.
The parties are determined to collaborate on the global development of the Licensed Products. The parties are also working to strengthen
new drug development and business collaboration, including technology, interoperability, and standards development. As per each of the
respective agreements, each of ABVC and BioLite Taiwan received 23 million shares of AiBtl stock and as a result, the Company has a controlling
interest over AiBtl. If certain milestones are met, the Company and BioLite Taiwan are each eligible to receive $3,500,000 and royalties
equaling 5% of net sales, up to $100 million.</span></p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The Company concluded the assets acquired
and liabilities assumed did not meet the definition of a business as a limited number of inputs were acquired but no substantive business
processes or signs of output were acquired. As such, the acquisition was accounted for as an asset purchase. The purchase consideration
was nonmonetary assets (patent) and transfer on November12, 2023. The equity interest transferred to ABVC and BioLite Taiwan on December
15, 2023.&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Cash and cash equivalents</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">S</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-324"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">-</span></div></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Total assets acquired</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-325"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 88%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Accrued expense</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(243,888</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Due to Director</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(498</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Total liabilities acquired</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(243,386</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Total consideration (Intangible assets)</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-326"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for asset acquisition.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 805<br> -SubTopic 50<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 15<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480123/805-50-15-3<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 805<br> -SubTopic 50<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/805-50/tableOfContent<br></p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Subsequent Events<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">3 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Mar. 31, 2025</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SubsequentEventsAbstract', window );"><strong>Subsequent Events [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SubsequentEventsTextBlock', window );">SUBSEQUENT EVENTS</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">17. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS</b>&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">In April 2025, the Company conducted a private
offering of its common stock to several individual investors, issuing 724,372 unregistered shares at $0.60 to $0.65 per share, raising
a total of $436,125.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">In April 2025, the Company issued 9,909 unregistered
restricted shares to an individual consultant as a consideration of $9,800 ($0.99 per share) for the services.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">In April 2025, the Company issued 50,000 and
90,277 shares of common stock to two advisors for their financial and business advisory services, as the consideration of $52,500 and
$94,791 ($1.05 and $1.05 per share), respectively.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">In April 2025, AiBtl issued 1,800 shares of
its common stock at $5 per share, raising a total of $9,000 from an individual investor.</span></p><span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">18. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS</b>&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">On January 5, 2025, the Company and Lind entered
into a third letter agreement (the &#8220;December Letter Agreement&#8221;), pursuant to which Lind agreed to exercise for cash, 1,029,167
of the Existing Warrants to purchase shares of Common Stock, with a current exercise price of $0.75 per share, at a reduced exercise
price of $0.40 per share.</span></p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">During the first quarter of 2025, Lind has
converted the remaining $400,000 principal balance on 2<sup>nd</sup> Lind Note into 400,000 shares of the Company&#8217;s common stocks,
and converted $400,000 of 3<sup>rd</sup> Lind Note principal balance into 400,000 the Company&#8217;s common stock, leaving 3<sup>rd</sup>
Lind Note with outstanding principal of $600,000.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">In April 2025, the Company conducted a private
offering of its common stock to several individual investors, issuing 502,081 unregistered shares at $0.60 per share, raising a total
of $301,250.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">In April 2025, AiBtl issued 1,800 shares of
its common stock at $5 per share, raising a total of $9,000 from an individual investor.</span></p><span></span>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for significant events or transactions that occurred after the balance sheet date through the date the financial statements were issued or the date the financial statements were available to be issued. Examples include: the sale of a capital stock issue, purchase of a business, settlement of litigation, catastrophic loss, significant foreign exchange rate changes, loans to insiders or affiliates, and transactions not in the ordinary course of business.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 855<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/855/tableOfContent<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 855<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483399/855-10-50-2<br></p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Accounting Policies, by Policy (Policies)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">3 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Mar. 31, 2025</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th>
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<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract', window );"><strong>Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_BasisOfAccountingPolicyPolicyTextBlock', window );">Basis of Presentation</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline">Basis of Presentation</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration: none">The accompanying
unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the generally accepted accounting
principles in the United States of America (the &#8220;U.S. GAAP&#8221;). All significant intercompany transactions and account balances
have been eliminated. These financial statements do not include all the information and footnotes required by the U.S. GAAP for complete
financial statements. Certain information and note disclosures normally included in the annual financial statements prepared in accordance
with the U.S. GAAP have been condensed or omitted consistent with Article 8 of Regulation S-X. In the opinion of the Company&#8217;s
management, the unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the same basis as the audited financial
statements and include all adjustments, in a normal recurring nature, as necessary for the fair statement of the Company&#8217;s financial
position as of March 31, 2025, and results of operations and cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024. The unaudited
interim condensed consolidated balance sheet as of March 31, 2025 has been derived from the audited financial statements at December
31, 2024, and interim results of operations are not necessarily indicative of the results expected for the full fiscal year or for any
future period. These financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements as of and
for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, and related notes included in the Company&#8217;s audited consolidated financial statements.</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration: none">This basis
of accounting involves the application of accrual accounting and consequently, revenues and gains are recognized when earned, and expenses
and losses are recognized when incurred. The Company&#8217;s unaudited financial statements are expressed in U.S. dollars.</span></p><span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline">Basis of Presentation</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The accompanying consolidated financial statements
have been prepared in accordance with the U.S. GAAP and pursuant to the regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the &#8220;SEC&#8221;).
All significant intercompany transactions and account balances have been eliminated. The Company&#8217;s fiscal year is the calendar
year.</span></p><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PriorPeriodReclassificationAdjustmentDescription', window );">Reclassifications</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Reclassifications</span>:</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration: none">Certain
amounts on the prior year&#8217;s condensed consolidated balance sheets, condensed consolidated statements of operations and condensed
cash flows were reclassified to conform to the current-year presentation, with no effect on ending stockholders&#8217; equity.</span></p><span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline">Reclassifications of Prior Year Presentation</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Certain amounts on prior year&#8217;s consolidated
financial statements have been reclassified for consistency with the current year presentation. These reclassifications had no effect
on the reported results of operations.</span></p><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_UseOfEstimates', window );">Use of Estimates</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline">Use of Estimates</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The preparation of financial statements in
conformity with the U.S. GAAP that requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and
liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the amount of
revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results could differ materially from those results.</span></p><span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline">Use of Estimates</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The preparation of financial statements in
conformity with the U.S. GAAP that requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and
liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the amount of
revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results could differ materially from those results.</span></p><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_StockReverseSplitPolicyTextBlock', window );">Stock Reverse Split</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline">Stock Reverse Split</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">On July 25, 2023, the Company filed a Certificate
of Amendment to its Articles of Incorporation authorizing a 1-for-10 reverse stock split of the issued and outstanding shares of its
common stock. The Company&#8217;s stockholders previously approved the Reverse Stock Split at the Company&#8217;s Special Shareholder
Meeting held on July 7, 2023. The Reverse Stock Split was effected to reduce the number of issued and outstanding shares and to increase
the per share trading value of the Company&#8217;s common stock, although that outcome is not guaranteed. All shares and related financial
information in this Form 10-K reflect this 1-for-10 reverse stock split.&#160;</span></p><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementPolicyPolicyTextBlock', window );">Fair Value Measurements</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline">Fair Value Measurements</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">ASC 820 &#8220;Fair Value Measurements&#8221;
defines fair value for certain financial and nonfinancial assets and liabilities that are recorded at fair value, establishes a framework
for measuring fair value and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. It requires that an entity measure its financial instruments
to base fair value on exit price, maximize the use of observable units and minimize the use of unobservable inputs to determine the exit
price. It establishes a hierarchy which prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value. This hierarchy increases
the consistency and comparability of fair value measurements and related disclosures by maximizing the use of observable inputs and minimizing
the use of unobservable inputs by requiring that observable inputs be used when available. Observable inputs are inputs that reflect
the assumptions market participants would use in pricing the assets or liabilities based on market data obtained from sources independent
of the Company. Unobservable inputs are inputs that reflect the Company&#8217;s own assumptions about the assumptions market participants
would use in pricing the asset or liability developed based on the best information available in the circumstances. The hierarchy prioritizes
the inputs into three broad levels based on the reliability of the inputs as follows:</span></p><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Level 1&#8211;&#160;Inputs
    are quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the Company has the ability to access at the measurement
    date. Valuation of these instruments does not require a high degree of judgment as the valuations are based on quoted prices in active
    markets that are readily and regularly available.</span></td></tr>
  </table><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Level 2&#8211;&#160;Inputs
    other than quoted prices in active markets that are either directly or indirectly observable as of the measurement date, such as
    quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable
    or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.</span></td></tr>
  </table><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Level 3&#8211;&#160;Valuations
    based on inputs that are unobservable and not corroborated by market data. The fair value for such assets and liabilities is generally
    determined using pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies, or similar techniques that incorporate the assumptions a market
    participant would use in pricing the asset or liability.</span></td></tr>
  </table><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The carrying values of certain assets and
liabilities of the Company, such as cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivable, due from related parties, prepaid
expenses and other current assets, accrued expenses and other current liabilities, and due to related parties, approximate fair value
due to their relatively short maturities. The carrying value of the Company&#8217;s short-term bank loans, convertible notes payable,
and accrued interest approximates their fair value as the terms of the borrowing are consistent with current market rates and the duration
to maturity is short.</span></p><span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline">Fair Value Measurements</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">ASC 820 &#8220;Fair Value Measurements&#8221;
defines fair value for certain financial and nonfinancial assets and liabilities that are recorded at fair value, establishes a framework
for measuring fair value and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. It requires that an entity measure its financial instruments
to base fair value on exit price, maximize the use of observable units and minimize the use of unobservable inputs to determine the exit
price. It establishes a hierarchy which prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value. This hierarchy increases
the consistency and comparability of fair value measurements and related disclosures by maximizing the use of observable inputs and minimizing
the use of unobservable inputs by requiring that observable inputs be used when available. Observable inputs are inputs that reflect
the assumptions market participants would use in pricing the assets or liabilities based on market data obtained from sources independent
of the Company. Unobservable inputs are inputs that reflect the Company&#8217;s own assumptions about the assumptions market participants
would use in pricing the asset or liability developed based on the best information available in the circumstances. The hierarchy prioritizes
the inputs into three broad levels based on the reliability of the inputs as follows:</span></p><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Level 1&#8211;&#160;Inputs
    are quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the Company has the ability to access at the measurement
    date. Valuation of these instruments does not require a high degree of judgment as the valuations are based on quoted prices in active
    markets that are readily and regularly available.</span></td></tr>
  </table><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Level 2&#8211;&#160;Inputs
    other than quoted prices in active markets that are either directly or indirectly observable as of the measurement date, such as
    quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable
    or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.</span></td></tr>
  </table><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Level 3&#8211;&#160;Valuations
    based on inputs that are unobservable and not corroborated by market data. The fair value for such assets and liabilities is generally
    determined using pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies, or similar techniques that incorporate the assumptions a market
    participant would use in pricing the asset or liability.</span></td></tr>
  </table><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The carrying values of certain assets and
liabilities of the Company, such as cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivable, due from related parties, prepaid
expenses and other current assets, accrued expenses and other current liabilities, and due to related parties, approximate fair value
due to their relatively short maturities. The carrying value of the Company&#8217;s short-term bank loans, convertible notes payable,
and accrued interest approximates their fair value as the terms of the borrowing are consistent with current market rates and the duration
to maturity is short.</span></p><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskCreditRisk', window );">Concentration of Credit Risk</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline">Concentration of Credit Risk</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The Company&#8217;s financial instruments
that are exposed to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents. The Company places its cash and temporary
cash investments in high quality credit institutions, but these investments may be in excess of the limit of $91,500 (NTD 3.0 million)
covered by Taiwan Central Deposit Insurance Corporation, and the limit of $250,000 covered by the U.S. Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation&#8217;s
insurance limits. However, the Company does not anticipate any losses on excess deposits. The Company does not enter into financial instruments
for hedging, trading or speculative purposes.</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The Company performs ongoing credit evaluation
of its customers and requires no collateral. Credit losses and allowance for unbilled receivables are provided based on a review of the
collectability of accounts receivable. The Company determines the amount of allowance for doubtful accounts by examining its historical
collection experience and current trends in the credit quality of its customers as well as its internal credit policies. Actual credit
losses may differ from our estimates.</span></p><span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline">Concentration of Credit Risk</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The Company&#8217;s financial instruments
that are exposed to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents. The Company places its cash and temporary
cash investments in high quality credit institutions, but these investments may be in excess of the limit of $91,500 (NTD 3.0 million)
covered by Taiwan Central Deposit Insurance Corporation, and the limit of $250,000 covered by the U.S. Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation&#8217;s
insurance limits. However, the Company does not anticipate any losses on excess deposits. The Company does not enter into financial instruments
for hedging, trading or speculative purposes.</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The Company performs ongoing credit evaluation
of its customers and requires no collateral. Credit losses and allowance for unbilled receivables are provided based on a review of the
collectability of accounts receivable. The Company determines the amount of allowance for doubtful accounts by examining its historical
collection experience and current trends in the credit quality of its customers as well as its internal credit policies. Actual credit
losses may differ from our estimates.</span></p><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_ConcentrationOfClientsPolicyTextBlock', window );">Concentration of Clients</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline">Concentration of Clients</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024,
management estimated all accounts receivable balances are uncollectible. Provision credit loss balances were $11,993 and $11,993 as of
March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">For the three months ended March 31, 2024,
the Company&#8217;s revenue was generated from one customer.</span></p><span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline">Concentration of Clients</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">As of December 31, 2024, management estimated
all accounts receivable balances are uncollectible and recognized $11,993 of credit loss.</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">As of December 31, 2023, the most major clients,
specializes in developing and commercializing of dietary supplements and therapeutics in dietary supplement industry, accounted for 87%
of the Company&#8217;s total account receivable.</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">For the year ended December 31, 2024, the
out-licensing income from our two major licensees, accounts for 58% and 39% of the Company&#8217;s total revenues.</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">For the year ended December 31, 2023, the
major client, distributing nutritional supplements in Asia Pacific, accounted for 80% of the Company&#8217;s total revenues.</span></p><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsPolicyTextBlock', window );">Cash and Cash Equivalents</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline">Cash and Cash Equivalents</span>&#160;</p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The Company considers highly liquid investments
with maturities of three months or less to be cash equivalents when purchased. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company&#8217;s
cash and cash equivalents amounted to $152,206 and $248,382, respectively. Some&#160;of the Company&#8217;s cash deposits are held in
financial institutions located in Taiwan where there is currently regulation mandated on obligatory insurance of bank accounts. The Company
believes this financial institution is of high credit quality.</span></p><span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline">Cash and Cash Equivalents</span>&#160;</p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The Company considers highly liquid investments
with maturities of three months or less to be cash equivalents when purchased. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company&#8217;s
cash and cash equivalents amounted to $248,382 and $60,155, respectively. Some&#160;of the Company&#8217;s cash deposits are held in
financial institutions located in Taiwan where there is currently regulation mandated on obligatory insurance of bank accounts. The Company
believes this financial institution is of high credit quality.</span></p><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsPolicy', window );">Restricted Cash</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline">Restricted Cash </span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Restricted cash primarily consist of cash
held in a reserve bank account in Taiwan. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company&#8217;s restricted cash amounted $607,362
(NTD 20.2 million) and $615,433 (NTD 20.2 million), respectively.</span></p><span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline">Restricted Cash </span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Restricted cash primarily consist of cash
held in a reserve bank account in Taiwan. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company&#8217;s restricted cash amounted $615,433 (NTD
20.2 million) and $656,625 (NTD 20.1 million), respectively.</span></p><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TradeAndOtherAccountsReceivablePolicy', window );">Accounts receivable and allowance for expected credit losses accounts</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline">Accounts receivable and allowance for expected credit losses
accounts</span>&#160;</p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Accounts receivable are recorded and carried
at the original invoiced amount less an allowance for any potential uncollectible amounts.</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The Company makes estimates of expected credit
and collectability trends for the allowance for credit losses and allowance for unbilled receivables based upon our assessment of various
factors, including historical experience, the age of the accounts receivable balances, credit quality of customers, current economic
conditions reasonable and supportable forecasts of future economic conditions, and other factors that may affect our ability to collect
from customers. The provision is recorded against accounts receivable balances, with a corresponding charge recorded in the consolidated
statements of income. Actual amounts received may differ from management&#8217;s estimate of credit worthiness and the economic environment.
Delinquent account balances are written-off against the allowance for doubtful accounts after management has determined that the likelihood
of collection is not probable.</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Allowance for expected credit losses accounts
were $616,397 and $616,414 as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.</span></p><span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline">Accounts receivable and allowance for expected credit losses
accounts</span>&#160;</p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Accounts receivable is recorded and carried
at the original invoiced amount less an allowance for any potential uncollectible amounts.</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The Company make estimates of expected credit
and collectability trends for the allowance for credit losses and allowance for unbilled receivables based upon our assessment of various
factors, including historical experience, the age of the accounts receivable balances, credit quality of customers, current economic
conditions reasonable and supportable forecasts of future economic conditions, and other factors that may affect our ability to collect
from customers. The provision is recorded against accounts receivable balances, with a corresponding charge recorded in the consolidated
statements of income. Actual amounts received may differ from management&#8217;s estimate of credit worthiness and the economic environment.
Delinquent account balances are written-off against the allowance for doubtful accounts after management has determined that the likelihood
of collection is not probable.</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Allowance for expected credit losses accounts
was $616,414 and $616,505 as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.</span></p><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerPolicyTextBlock', window );">Revenue Recognition</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline">Revenue Recognition</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The Company recognizes revenue in accordance
with ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. Pursuant to ASC 606, the Company recognizes revenue when its customer obtains control
of promised goods or services, in an amount that reflects the consideration that the Company expects to receive in exchange for those
goods or services. To determine revenue recognition for arrangements that the Company determines is within the scope of ASC 606, the
Company performs the following five steps: (i) identify the contract(s) with a customer; (ii) identify the performance obligations in
the contract; (iii) determine the transaction price; (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract;
and (v) recognize revenue when (or as) the Company satisfies a performance obligation. The Company only applies the five-step model to
contracts when it is probable that the Company will collect the consideration the Company is entitled to in exchange for the goods or
services the Company transfers to the customers. At inception of the contract, once the contract is determined to be within the scope
of ASC 606, the Company assesses the goods or services promised within each contract, determines those that are performance obligations,
and assesses whether each promised good or service is distinct. The Company then recognizes as revenue the amount of the transaction
price that is allocated to the respective performance obligation when (or as) the performance obligation is satisfied.</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The following are examples of when the Company
recognizes revenue based on the types of payments the Company receives.</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"><b>Collaborative Revenues &#8212; </b>The
Company recognizes collaborative revenues generated through collaborative research, development and/or commercialization agreements.
The terms of these agreements typically include payment to the Company related to one or more of the following: non-refundable upfront
license fees, development and commercial milestones, partial or complete reimbursement of research and development costs, and royalties
on net sales of licensed products. Each type of payments results in collaborative revenues except for revenues from royalties on net
sales of licensed products, which are classified as royalty revenues. To date, the Company has not received any royalty revenues. Revenue
is recognized upon satisfaction of a performance obligation by transferring control of a good or service to the collaboration partners.</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">As part of the accounting for these arrangements,
the Company applies judgment to determine whether the performance obligations are distinct, and develop assumptions in determining the
stand-alone selling price for each distinct performance obligation identified in the collaboration agreements. To determine the stand-alone
selling price, the Company relies on assumptions which may include forecasted revenues, development timelines, reimbursement rates for
R&amp;D personnel costs, discount rates and probabilities of technical and regulatory success.</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The Company had multiple deliverables under
the collaborative agreements, including deliverables relating to grants of technology licenses, regulatory and clinical development,
and marketing activities. Estimation of the performance periods of the Company&#8217;s deliverables requires the use of management&#8217;s
judgment. Significant factors considered in management&#8217;s evaluation of the estimated performance periods include, but are not limited
to, the Company&#8217;s experience in conducting clinical development, regulatory and manufacturing activities. The Company reviews the
estimated duration of its performance periods under its collaborative agreements on an annually basis, and makes any appropriate adjustments
on a prospective basis. Future changes in estimates of the performance period under its collaborative agreements could impact the timing
of future revenue recognition.</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(i) Non-refundable upfront payments</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">If a license to the Company&#8217;s intellectual
property is determined to be distinct from the other performance obligations identified in an arrangement, the Company recognizes revenue
from the related non-refundable upfront payments based on the relative standalone selling price prescribed to the license compared to
the total selling price of the arrangement. The revenue is recognized when the license is transferred to the collaboration partners and
the collaboration partners are able to use and benefit from the license. To date, the receipt of non-refundable upfront fees was solely
for the compensation of past research efforts and contributions made by the Company before the collaborative agreements entered into
and it does not relate to any future obligations and commitments made between the Company and the collaboration partners in the collaborative
agreements.</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(ii) Milestone payments</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The Company is eligible to receive milestone
payments under the collaborative agreement with collaboration partners based on achievement of specified development, regulatory and
commercial events. Management evaluated the nature of the events triggering these contingent payments, and concluded that these events
fall into two categories: (a) events which involve the performance of the Company&#8217;s obligations under the collaborative agreement
with collaboration partners, and (b) events which do not involve the performance of the Company&#8217;s obligations under the collaborative
agreement with collaboration partners.</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The former category of milestone payments
consists of those triggered by development and regulatory activities in the territories specified in the collaborative agreements. Management
concluded that each of these payments constitute substantive milestone payments. This conclusion was based primarily on the facts that
(i) each triggering event represents a specific outcome that can be achieved only through successful performance by the Company of one
or more of its deliverables, (ii) achievement of each triggering event was subject to inherent risk and uncertainty and would result
in additional payments becoming due to the Company, (iii) each of the milestone payments is non-refundable, (iv) substantial effort is
required to complete each milestone, (v) the amount of each milestone payment is reasonable in relation to the value created in achieving
the milestone, (vi) a substantial amount of time is expected to pass between the upfront payment and the potential milestone payments,
and (vii) the milestone payments relate solely to past performance. Based on the foregoing, the Company recognizes any revenue from these
milestone payments in the period in which the underlying triggering event occurs.</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(iii) Multiple Element Arrangements</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The Company evaluates multiple element arrangements
to determine (1) the deliverables included in the arrangement and (2) whether the individual deliverables represent separate units of
accounting or whether they must be accounted for as a combined unit of accounting. This evaluation involves subjective determinations
and requires management to make judgments about the individual deliverables and whether such deliverables are separate from other aspects
of the contractual relationship. Deliverables are considered separate units of accounting provided that: (i) the delivered item(s) has
value to the customer on a standalone basis and (ii) if the arrangement includes a general right of return relative to the delivered
item(s), delivery or performance of the undelivered item(s) is considered probable and substantially within its control. In assessing
whether an item under a collaboration has standalone value, the Company considers factors such as the research, manufacturing, and commercialization
capabilities of the collaboration partner and the availability of the associated expertise in the general marketplace. The Company also
considers whether its collaboration partners can use the other deliverable(s) for their intended purpose without the receipt of the remaining
element(s), whether the value of the deliverable is dependent on the undelivered item(s), and whether there are other vendors that can
provide the undelivered element(s).</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The Company recognizes arrangement consideration
allocated to each unit of accounting when all of the revenue recognition criteria in ASC 606 are satisfied for that particular unit of
accounting. In the event that a deliverable does not represent a separate unit of accounting, the Company recognizes revenue from the
combined unit of accounting over the Company&#8217;s contractual or estimated performance period for the undelivered elements, which
is typically the term of the Company&#8217;s research and development obligations. If there is no discernible pattern of performance
or objectively measurable performance measures do not exist, then the Company recognizes revenue under the arrangement on a straight-line
basis over the period the Company is expected to complete its performance obligations. Conversely, if the pattern of performance in which
the service is provided to the customer can be determined and objectively measurable performance measures exist, then the Company recognizes
revenue under the arrangement using the proportional performance method. Revenue recognized is limited to the lesser of the cumulative
amount of payments received or the cumulative amount of revenue earned, as determined using the straight-line method or proportional
performance method, as applicable, as of the period ending date.</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">At the inception of an arrangement that includes
milestone payments, the Company evaluates whether each milestone is substantive and at risk to both parties on the basis of the contingent
nature of the milestone. This evaluation includes an assessment of whether: (1) the consideration is commensurate with either the Company&#8217;s
performance to achieve the milestone or the enhancement of the value of the delivered item(s) as a result of a specific outcome resulting
from its performance to achieve the milestone, (2) the consideration relates solely to past performance and (3) the consideration is
reasonable relative to all of the deliverables and payment terms within the arrangement. The Company evaluates factors such as the scientific,
clinical, regulatory, commercial, and other risks that must be overcome to achieve the particular milestone and the level of effort and
investment required to achieve the particular milestone in making this assessment. There is considerable judgment involved in determining
whether a milestone satisfies all of the criteria required to conclude that a milestone is substantive. Milestones that are not considered
substantive are recognized as earned if there are no remaining performance obligations or over the remaining period of performance, assuming
all other revenue recognition criteria are met.</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(iv) Royalties and Profit Sharing Payments</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Under the collaborative agreement with the
collaboration partners, the Company is entitled to receive royalties on sales of products, which is at certain percentage of the net
sales. The Company recognizes revenue from these events based on the revenue recognition criteria set forth in ASC 606. Based on those
criteria, the Company considers these payments to be contingent revenues, and recognizes them as revenue in the period in which the applicable
contingency is resolved.</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"><b>Revenues Derived from Research and Development
Activities Services (Also known as the Contract Development &amp; Manufacturing Organization Services (&#8220;CDMO&#8221;))</b> &#8212;
Revenues related to research and development and regulatory activities are recognized when the related services or activities are performed,
in accordance with the contract terms. The Company typically has only one performance obligation at the inception of a contract, which
is to perform research and development services. The Company may also provide its customers with an option to request that the Company
provides additional goods or services in the future, such as active pharmaceutical ingredient, API, or IND/NDA/ANDA/510K submissions.
The Company evaluates whether these options are material rights at the inception of the contract. If the Company determines an option
is a material right, the Company will consider the option a separate performance obligation.</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">If the Company is entitled to reimbursement
from its customers for specified research and development expenses, the Company accounts for the related services that it provides as
separate performance obligations if it determines that these services represent a material right. The Company also determines whether
the reimbursement of research and development expenses should be accounted for as revenues or an offset to research and development expenses
in accordance with provisions of gross or net revenue presentation. The Company recognizes the corresponding revenues or records the
corresponding offset to research and development expenses as it satisfies the related performance obligations.</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The Company then determines the transaction
price by reviewing the amount of consideration the Company is eligible to earn under the contracts, including any variable consideration.
Under the outstanding contracts, consideration typically includes fixed consideration and variable consideration in the form of potential
milestone payments. At the start of an agreement, the Company&#8217;s transaction price usually consists of the payments made to or by
the Company based on the number of full-time equivalent researchers assigned to the project and the related research and development
expenses incurred. The Company does not typically include any payments that the Company may receive in the future in its initial transaction
price because the payments are not probable. The Company would reassess the total transaction price at each reporting period to determine
if the Company should include additional payments in the transaction price.</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The Company receives payments from its customers
based on billing schedules established in each contract. Upfront payments and fees may be recorded as advances from customers upon receipt
or when due, and may require deferral of revenue recognition for a future period until the Company performs its obligations under these
arrangements. Amounts are recorded as accounts receivable when the right of the Company to consideration is unconditional. The Company
does not assess whether a contract has a significant financing component if the expectation at contract inception is such that the period
between payment by the customers and the transfer of the promised goods or services to the customers will be one year or less.</span></p><span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline">Revenue Recognition</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The Company recognizes revenue in accordance
with ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. Pursuant to ASC 606, the Company recognizes revenue when its customer obtains control
of promised goods or services, in an amount that reflects the consideration that the Company expects to receive in exchange for those
goods or services. To determine revenue recognition for arrangements that the Company determines is within the scope of ASC 606, the
Company performs the following five steps: (i) identify the contract(s) with a customer; (ii) identify the performance obligations in
the contract; (iii) determine the transaction price; (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract;
and (v) recognize revenue when (or as) the Company satisfies a performance obligation. The Company only applies the five-step model to
contracts when it is probable that the Company will collect the consideration the Company is entitled to in exchange for the goods or
services the Company transfers to the customers. At inception of the contract, once the contract is determined to be within the scope
of ASC 606, the Company assesses the goods or services promised within each contract, determines those that are performance obligations,
and assesses whether each promised good or service is distinct. The Company then recognizes as revenue the amount of the transaction
price that is allocated to the respective performance obligation when (or as) the performance obligation is satisfied.</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The following are examples of when the Company
recognizes revenue based on the types of payments the Company receives.</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"><b>Collaborative Revenues &#8212; </b>The
Company recognizes collaborative revenues generated through collaborative research, development and/or commercialization agreements.
The terms of these agreements typically include payment to the Company related to one or more of the following: non-refundable upfront
license fees, development and commercial milestones, partial or complete reimbursement of research and development costs, and royalties
on net sales of licensed products. Each type of payments results in collaborative revenues except for revenues from royalties on net
sales of licensed products, which are classified as royalty revenues. To date, the Company has not received any royalty revenues. Revenue
is recognized upon satisfaction of a performance obligation by transferring control of a good or service to the collaboration partners.</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">As part of the accounting for these arrangements,
the Company applies judgment to determine whether the performance obligations are distinct, and develop assumptions in determining the
stand-alone selling price for each distinct performance obligation identified in the collaboration agreements. To determine the stand-alone
selling price, the Company relies on assumptions which may include forecasted revenues, development timelines, reimbursement rates for
R&amp;D personnel costs, discount rates and probabilities of technical and regulatory success.</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The Company had multiple deliverables under
the collaborative agreements, including deliverables relating to grants of technology licenses, regulatory and clinical development,
and marketing activities. Estimation of the performance periods of the Company&#8217;s deliverables requires the use of management&#8217;s
judgment. Significant factors considered in management&#8217;s evaluation of the estimated performance periods include, but are not limited
to, the Company&#8217;s experience in conducting clinical development, regulatory and manufacturing activities. The Company reviews the
estimated duration of its performance periods under its collaborative agreements on an annually basis, and makes any appropriate adjustments
on a prospective basis. Future changes in estimates of the performance period under its collaborative agreements could impact the timing
of future revenue recognition.</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(i) Non-refundable upfront payments</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">If a license to the Company&#8217;s intellectual
property is determined to be distinct from the other performance obligations identified in an arrangement, the Company recognizes revenue
from the related non-refundable upfront payments based on the relative standalone selling price prescribed to the license compared to
the total selling price of the arrangement. The revenue is recognized when the license is transferred to the collaboration partners and
the collaboration partners are able to use and benefit from the license. To date, the receipt of non-refundable upfront fees was solely
for the compensation of past research efforts and contributions made by the Company before the collaborative agreements entered into
and it does not relate to any future obligations and commitments made between the Company and the collaboration partners in the collaborative
agreements.</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(ii) Milestone payments</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The Company is eligible to receive milestone
payments under the collaborative agreement with collaboration partners based on achievement of specified development, regulatory and
commercial events. Management evaluated the nature of the events triggering these contingent payments, and concluded that these events
fall into two categories: (a) events which involve the performance of the Company&#8217;s obligations under the collaborative agreement
with collaboration partners, and (b) events which do not involve the performance of the Company&#8217;s obligations under the collaborative
agreement with collaboration partners.</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The former category of milestone payments
consists of those triggered by development and regulatory activities in the territories specified in the collaborative agreements. Management
concluded that each of these payments constitute substantive milestone payments. This conclusion was based primarily on the facts that
(i) each triggering event represents a specific outcome that can be achieved only through successful performance by the Company of one
or more of its deliverables, (ii) achievement of each triggering event was subject to inherent risk and uncertainty and would result
in additional payments becoming due to the Company, (iii) each of the milestone payments is non-refundable, (iv) substantial effort is
required to complete each milestone, (v) the amount of each milestone payment is reasonable in relation to the value created in achieving
the milestone, (vi) a substantial amount of time is expected to pass between the upfront payment and the potential milestone payments,
and (vii) the milestone payments relate solely to past performance. Based on the foregoing, the Company recognizes any revenue from these
milestone payments in the period in which the underlying triggering event occurs.</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(iii) Multiple Element Arrangements</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The Company evaluates multiple element arrangements
to determine (1) the deliverables included in the arrangement and (2) whether the individual deliverables represent separate units of
accounting or whether they must be accounted for as a combined unit of accounting. This evaluation involves subjective determinations
and requires management to make judgments about the individual deliverables and whether such deliverables are separate from other aspects
of the contractual relationship. Deliverables are considered separate units of accounting provided that: (i) the delivered item(s) has
value to the customer on a standalone basis and (ii) if the arrangement includes a general right of return relative to the delivered
item(s), delivery or performance of the undelivered item(s) is considered probable and substantially within its control. In assessing
whether an item under a collaboration has standalone value, the Company considers factors such as the research, manufacturing, and commercialization
capabilities of the collaboration partner and the availability of the associated expertise in the general marketplace. The Company also
considers whether its collaboration partners can use the other deliverable(s) for their intended purpose without the receipt of the remaining
element(s), whether the value of the deliverable is dependent on the undelivered item(s), and whether there are other vendors that can
provide the undelivered element(s).</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The Company recognizes arrangement consideration
allocated to each unit of accounting when all of the revenue recognition criteria in ASC 606 are satisfied for that particular unit of
accounting. In the event that a deliverable does not represent a separate unit of accounting, the Company recognizes revenue from the
combined unit of accounting over the Company&#8217;s contractual or estimated performance period for the undelivered elements, which
is typically the term of the Company&#8217;s research and development obligations. If there is no discernible pattern of performance
or objectively measurable performance measures do not exist, then the Company recognizes revenue under the arrangement on a straight-line
basis over the period the Company is expected to complete its performance obligations. Conversely, if the pattern of performance in which
the service is provided to the customer can be determined and objectively measurable performance measures exist, then the Company recognizes
revenue under the arrangement using the proportional performance method. Revenue recognized is limited to the lesser of the cumulative
amount of payments received or the cumulative amount of revenue earned, as determined using the straight-line method or proportional
performance method, as applicable, as of the period ending date.</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">At the inception of an arrangement that includes
milestone payments, the Company evaluates whether each milestone is substantive and at risk to both parties on the basis of the contingent
nature of the milestone. This evaluation includes an assessment of whether: (1) the consideration is commensurate with either the Company&#8217;s
performance to achieve the milestone or the enhancement of the value of the delivered item(s) as a result of a specific outcome resulting
from its performance to achieve the milestone, (2) the consideration relates solely to past performance and (3) the consideration is
reasonable relative to all of the deliverables and payment terms within the arrangement. The Company evaluates factors such as the scientific,
clinical, regulatory, commercial, and other risks that must be overcome to achieve the particular milestone and the level of effort and
investment required to achieve the particular milestone in making this assessment. There is considerable judgment involved in determining
whether a milestone satisfies all of the criteria required to conclude that a milestone is substantive. Milestones that are not considered
substantive are recognized as earned if there are no remaining performance obligations or over the remaining period of performance, assuming
all other revenue recognition criteria are met.</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(iv) Royalties and Profit Sharing Payments</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Under the collaborative agreement with the
collaboration partners, the Company is entitled to receive royalties on sales of products, which is at certain percentage of the net
sales. The Company recognizes revenue from these events based on the revenue recognition criteria set forth in ASC 606. Based on those
criteria, the Company considers these payments to be contingent revenues, and recognizes them as revenue in the period in which the applicable
contingency is resolved.</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true"><b>Revenues Derived from Research and Development
Activities Services (Also known as the Contract Development &amp; Manufacturing Organization Services (&#8220;CDMO&#8221;))</b> &#8212;
Revenues related to research and development and regulatory activities are recognized when the related services or activities are performed,
in accordance with the contract terms. The Company typically has only one performance obligation at the inception of a contract, which
is to perform research and development services. The Company may also provide its customers with an option to request that the Company
provides additional goods or services in the future, such as active pharmaceutical ingredient, API, or IND/NDA/ANDA/510K submissions.
The Company evaluates whether these options are material rights at the inception of the contract. If the Company determines an option
is a material right, the Company will consider the option a separate performance obligation.</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">If the Company is entitled to reimbursement
from its customers for specified research and development expenses, the Company accounts for the related services that it provides as
separate performance obligations if it determines that these services represent a material right. The Company also determines whether
the reimbursement of research and development expenses should be accounted for as revenues or an offset to research and development expenses
in accordance with provisions of gross or net revenue presentation. The Company recognizes the corresponding revenues or records the
corresponding offset to research and development expenses as it satisfies the related performance obligations.</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The Company then determines the transaction
price by reviewing the amount of consideration the Company is eligible to earn under the contracts, including any variable consideration.
Under the outstanding contracts, consideration typically includes fixed consideration and variable consideration in the form of potential
milestone payments. At the start of an agreement, the Company&#8217;s transaction price usually consists of the payments made to or by
the Company based on the number of full-time equivalent researchers assigned to the project and the related research and development
expenses incurred. The Company does not typically include any payments that the Company may receive in the future in its initial transaction
price because the payments are not probable. The Company would reassess the total transaction price at each reporting period to determine
if the Company should include additional payments in the transaction price.</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The Company receives payments from its customers
based on billing schedules established in each contract. Upfront payments and fees may be recorded as advance from customers upon receipt
or when due, and may require deferral of revenue recognition to a future period until the Company performs its obligations under these
arrangements. Amounts are recorded as accounts receivable when the right of the Company to consideration is unconditional. The Company
does not assess whether a contract has a significant financing component if the expectation at contract inception is such that the period
between payment by the customers and the transfer of the promised goods or services to the customers will be one year or less.</span></p><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentPolicyTextBlock', window );">Property and Equipment, net</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline">Property and Equipment, net</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Property and equipment, net is carried at
cost net of accumulated depreciation. Repairs and maintenance are expensed as incurred. Expenditures that improve the functionality of
the related asset or extend the useful life are capitalized. When property and equipment is retired or otherwise disposed of, the related
gain or loss is included in operating income. Leasehold improvements are depreciated on the straight-line method over the shorter of
the remaining lease term or estimated useful life of the asset. Depreciation is calculated on the straight-line method generally based
on the following useful lives:</span></p><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: justify; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Estimated&#160;Life<br/> in Years</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 91%; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Buildings and leasehold improvements</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 8%; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">5 ~ 50</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Machinery and equipment</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">5 ~ 10</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Office equipment</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">3 ~ 6</span></td></tr>
  </table><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ImpairmentOrDisposalOfLongLivedAssetsPolicyTextBlock', window );">Impairment of Long-Lived Assets</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline">Impairment of Long-Lived Assets</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The Company has adopted ASC subtopic 360-10,
Property, Plant and Equipment (&#8220;ASC 360-10&#8221;). ASC 360-10 requires that long-lived assets and certain identifiable intangibles
held and used by the Company be reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount
of an asset may not be recoverable. The Company evaluates its long-lived assets for impairment annually or more often if events and circumstances
warrant. Events relating to recoverability may include significant unfavorable changes in business conditions, recurring losses, or a
forecasted inability to achieve break-even operating results over an extended period. Should impairment in value be indicated, the carrying
value of intangible assets will be adjusted, based on estimates of future discounted cash flows resulting from the use and ultimate disposition
of the asset. ASC 360-10 also requires assets to be disposed of be reported at the lower of the carrying amount or the fair value less
costs to sell.</span></p><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentsPolicy', window );">Long-term Equity Investment</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline">Long-term Equity Investment</span>&#160;</p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The Company acquires the equity investments
to promote business and strategic objectives. The accounting treatment for equity investments, where the Company does not have control
over the investees, is as follows:</span></p><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 10pt">Marketable equity investments: The Company measures marketable equity
    securities at fair value at each reporting date, with unrealized gains and losses recognized in net income in accordance with <span style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal">ASC
    321. Fair value is</span> determined based on quoted market prices or other observable inputs.</span></td></tr>
  </table><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Non-marketable equity
    investments: When the equity method does not apply, non-marketable equity investments are accounted for at cost, adjusted for observable
    price changes in orderly transactions for identical or similar investments and for impairments, if applicable.</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Equity method investments:
    Investments in which the Company has the ability to exercise significant influence, but not control, over the investee, are accounted
    for using the equity method. The Company recognizes its proportionate share of the investee&#8217;s income or loss in gains (losses)
    on equity investments on a monthly basis.</span></td></tr>
  </table><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Significant judgment is required to identify
whether an impairment exists in the valuation of the Company&#8217;s non-marketable equity investments, considering this a critical accounting
estimate. Its yearly analysis considers both qualitative and quantitative factors that may have a significant impact on the investee&#8217;s
fair value. Qualitative analysis of its investments involves understanding the financial performance and near-term prospects of the investee,
changes in general market conditions in the investee&#8217;s industry or geographic area, and the management and governance structure
of the investee. Quantitative assessments of the fair value of its investments are developed using the market and income approaches.
The market approach includes the use of comparable financial metrics of private and public companies and recent financing rounds. The
income approach includes the use of a discounted cash flow model, which requires significant estimates regarding the investees&#8217;
revenue, costs, and discount rates. The Company&#8217;s assessment of these factors in determining whether an impairment exists could
change in the future due to new developments or changes in applied assumptions.</span></p><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_OtherThanTemporaryImpairmentPolicyTextBlock', window );">Other-Than-Temporary Impairment</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline">Other-Than-Temporary Impairment</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The Company periodically reviews its non-marketable
equity investments and equity method investments, with recognition in profit and loss when declines in value are considered other than
temporary. the Company assesses the severity and duration of any impairment, along with qualitative and quantitative factors, such as
the investee&#8217;s financial performance, adverse market or regulatory conditions, operational changes, or additional funding needs.
Evidence of a loss in value might include the inability to recover the carrying amount of the investment or the investee&#8217;s failure
to sustain earnings capacity to justify its valuation. Impairments deemed other than temporary are recorded in gains (losses) on equity
investments, even if the decline exceeds the losses recognized under the equity method, where applicable.</span></p><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_ConvertibleNotesPayablePolicyTextBlock', window );">Convertible Notes Payable</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline">Convertible Notes Payable</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The Company accounts for convertible notes
payable in accordance with ASC 470-20, Debt with Conversion and Other Options, and ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging, as applicable. Upon
issuance, the Company evaluates whether the embedded conversion feature should be bifurcated as a derivative under ASC 815 or classified
within equity under ASC 470-20. This assessment includes analyzing the terms of the conversion feature and determining if it requires
separate accounting. If the conversion feature is classified as equity, the proceeds from the issuance are allocated between the debt
and equity components. The debt component is recorded at its fair value, and the residual amount is allocated to equity. The debt component
is carried at amortized cost, with any discount amortized to interest expense over the term of the note using the effective interest
method. Upon conversion, the carrying amount of the debt is reclassified to equity, and no gain or loss is recognized. If the note is
settled in cash, any difference between the carrying amount and the settlement amount is recognized in profit and loss.</span></p><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DerivativesPolicyTextBlock', window );">Warrants</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline">Warrants</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The Company accounts for warrants as either
equity-classified or liability-classified instruments based on an assessment of the warrant&#8217;s specific terms and applicable authoritative
guidance in ASC 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity (&#8220;ASC 480&#8221;) and ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging (&#8220;ASC
815&#8221;). The assessment considers whether the warrants are freestanding financial instruments pursuant to ASC 480, meet the definition
of a liability pursuant to ASC 480, and whether the warrants meet all of the requirements for equity classification under ASC 815, including
whether the warrants are indexed to the Company&#8217;s own common shares and whether the warrant holders could potentially require &#8220;net
cash settlement&#8221; in a circumstance outside of the Company&#8217;s control, among other conditions for equity classification. This
assessment, which requires the use of professional judgment, is conducted at the time of warrant issuance and as of each subsequent quarterly
period end date while the warrants are outstanding. The Company determined that upon further review of the warrant agreement, the Public
Warrants issued pursuant to the warrant agreement qualify for equity accounting treatment.</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">For issued or modified warrants that meet
all of the criteria for equity classification, the warrants are required to be recorded as a component of equity at the time of issuance.
For issued or modified warrants that do not meet all the criteria for equity classification, the warrants are required to be recorded
as liabilities at their initial fair value on the date of issuance, and each balance sheet date thereafter. Changes in the estimated
fair value of the warrants are recognized as a non-cash gain or loss on the statements of operations.&#160;</span></p><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpensePolicy', window );">Research and Development Expenses</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline">Research and Development Expenses</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The Company accounts for the cost of using
licensing rights in research and development cost according to ASC 730-10-25-1. This guidance provides that absent alternative future
uses the acquisition of product rights to be used in research and development activities must be charged to research and development
expenses when incurred.</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The Company accounts for R&amp;D costs in
accordance with ASC 730, Research and Development (&#8220;ASC 730&#8221;). Research and development expenses are charged to expense as
incurred unless there is an alternative future use in other research and development projects or otherwise. Research and development
expenses are comprised of costs incurred in performing research and development activities, including personnel-related costs, facilities-related
overhead, and outside contracted services including clinical trial costs, manufacturing and process development costs for both clinical
and preclinical materials, research costs, and other consulting services. Non-refundable advance payment for goods and services that
will be used in future research and development activities are expensed when the activity has been performed or when the goods have been
received rather than when the payment is made. In instances where the Company enters into agreements with third parties to provide research
and development services, costs are expensed as services are performed.</span></p><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PostemploymentBenefitPlansPolicy', window );">Post-retirement and post-employment benefits</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline">Post-retirement and post-employment benefits</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The Company&#8217;s subsidiaries in Taiwan
adopted the government mandated defined contribution plan pursuant to the Labor Pension Act (the &#8220;Act&#8221;) in Taiwan. Such labor
regulations require that the rate of contribution made by an employer to the Labor Pension Fund per month shall not be less than 6% of
the worker&#8217;s monthly salaries. Pursuant to the Act, the Company makes monthly contribution equal to 6% of employees&#8217; salaries
to the employees&#8217; pension fund. The Company has no legal obligation for the benefits beyond the contributions made. The total amounts
for such employee benefits, which were expensed as incurred, were $11,642 (NTD 0.4 million) and $10,314&#160;(NTD 0.4 million) for the
years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Other than the above, the Company does not provide any other post-retirement or
post-employment benefits.</span></p><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationOptionAndIncentivePlansPolicy', window );">Stock-based Compensation</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline">Stock-based Compensation</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The Company measures expense associated with all
employee stock-based compensation awards using a fair value method and recognizes such expense in the consolidated financial statements
on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period in accordance with ASC 718 &#8220;Compensation-Stock Compensation&#8221;.
Total director, officer, and employee stock-based compensation expenses were $0 and $1,935,755 for the three months ended March 31, 2025
and 2024, respectively.</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The Company accounted for stock-based compensation
to non-employees in accordance with ASC 718 &#8220;Compensation-Stock Compensation&#8221; and ASC 505-50 &#8220;Equity-Based Payments
to Non-Employees&#8221; which requires that the cost of services received from non-employees is measured at fair value at the earlier
of the performance commitment date or the date service is completed and recognized over the period the service is provided. Total non-employee
stock-based compensation expenses were $48,773 for rent for the three months ended March 31, 2025, and $95,876&#160;for consulting services
for the three months ended March 31, 2024.</span></p><span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline">Stock-based Compensation</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The Company measures expense associated with
all employee stock-based compensation awards using a fair value method and recognizes such expense in the consolidated financial statements
on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period in accordance with ASC 718 &#8220;Compensation-Stock Compensation&#8221;.
Total director, officer, and employee stock-based compensation expenses were $1,995,049 and $0 for the years ended December 31, 2024
and 2023, respectively.</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The Company accounted for stock-based compensation
to non-employees in accordance with ASC 718 &#8220;Compensation-Stock Compensation&#8221; and ASC 505-50 &#8220;Equity-Based Payments
to Non-Employees&#8221; which requires that the cost of services received from non-employees is measured at fair value at the earlier
of the performance commitment date or the date service is completed and recognized over the period the service is provided. Total non-employee
stock-based compensation expenses were $506,583 for consulting services and $271,828 for rent for the year ended December 31, 2024, and
$185,933&#160;for consulting services for the year ended December 31, 2023.</span></p><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxPolicyTextBlock', window );">Income Taxes</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline">Income Taxes</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The Company accounts for income taxes using
the asset and liability approach which allows the recognition and measurement of deferred tax assets to be based upon the likelihood
of realization of tax benefits in future years. Under the asset and liability approach, deferred taxes are provided for the net tax effects
of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used
for income tax purposes. A valuation allowance is provided for deferred tax assets if it is more likely than not these items will expire
before the Company is able to realize their benefits, or future deductibility is uncertain.</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Under ASC 740, a tax position is recognized
as a benefit only if it is &#8220;more likely than not&#8221; that the tax position would be sustained in a tax examination, with a tax
examination being presumed to occur. The evaluation of a tax position is a two-step process. The first step is to determine whether it
is more-likely-than-not that a tax position will be sustained upon examination, including the resolution of any related appeals or litigations
based on the technical merits of that position. The second step is to measure a tax position that meets the more-likely-than-not threshold
to determine the amount of benefits recognized in the financial statements. A tax position is measured at the largest amount of benefit
that is greater than 50 percent likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement. Tax positions that previously failed to meet the more-likely-than-not
recognition threshold should be recognized in the first subsequent period in which the threshold is met. Previously recognized tax positions
that no longer meet the more-likely-than-not criteria should be de-recognized in the first subsequent financial reporting period in which
the threshold is no longer satisfied. Penalties and interest incurred related to underpayment of income tax are classified as income
tax expense in the year incurred. No significant penalty or interest relating to income taxes has been incurred for the years ended December
31, 2024 and 2023. GAAP also provides guidance on de-recognition, classification, interest and penalties, accounting in interim periods,
disclosures and transition.</span></p><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_ValuationOfDeferredTaxAssetsPolicyTextBlock', window );">Valuation of Deferred Tax Assets</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline">Valuation of Deferred Tax Assets</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">A valuation allowance is recorded to reduce
the Company&#8217;s deferred tax assets to the amount that is more likely than not to be realized. In assessing the need for the valuation
allowance, management considers, among other things, projections of future taxable income and ongoing prudent and feasible tax planning
strategies. If the Company determines that sufficient negative evidence exists, then it will consider recording a valuation allowance
against a portion or all of the deferred tax assets in that jurisdiction. If, after recording a valuation allowance, the Company&#8217;s
projections of future taxable income and other positive evidence considered in evaluating the need for a valuation allowance prove, with
the benefit of hindsight, to be inaccurate, it could prove to be more difficult to support the realization of its deferred tax assets.
As a result, an additional valuation allowance could be required, which would have an adverse impact on its effective income tax rate
and results. Conversely, if, after recording a valuation allowance, the Company determines that sufficient positive evidence exists in
the jurisdiction in which the valuation allowance was recorded, it may reverse a portion or all of the valuation allowance in that jurisdiction.
In such situations, the adjustment made to the deferred tax asset would have a favorable impact on its effective income tax rate and
results in the period such determination was made.</span></p><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerSharePolicyTextBlock', window );">Loss Per Share of Common Stock</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline">Loss Per Share of Common Stock</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The Company calculates net loss per share
in accordance with ASC 260, &#8220;Earnings per Share&#8221;. Basic loss per share is computed by dividing the net loss by the weighted
average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted loss per share is computed similar to basic loss per share except
that the denominator is increased to include the number of additional common shares that would have been outstanding if the potential
common stock equivalents had been issued and if the additional common shares were dilutive. Diluted earnings per share excludes all dilutive
potential shares if their effect is anti-dilutive.</span></p><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingenciesPolicyTextBlock', window );">Commitments and Contingencies</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline">Commitments and Contingencies</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The Company has adopted ASC 450 &#8220;Contingencies&#8221;
subtopic 20, in determining its accruals and disclosures with respect to loss contingencies. Accordingly, estimated losses from loss
contingencies are accrued by a charge to income when information available before financial statements are issued or are available to
be issued indicates that it is probable that an asset has been impaired or a liability has been incurred at the date of the financial
statements and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. Legal expenses associated with the contingency are expensed as incurred.
If a loss contingency is not probable or reasonably estimable, disclosure of the loss contingency is made in financial statements when
it is at least reasonably possible that a material loss could be incurred.</span></p><span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline">Commitments and Contingencies</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The Company has adopted ASC 450 &#8220;Contingencies&#8221;
subtopic 20, in determining its accruals and disclosures with respect to loss contingencies. Accordingly, estimated losses from loss
contingencies are accrued by a charge to income when information available before financial statements are issued or are available to
be issued indicates that it is probable that an asset had been impaired or a liability had been incurred at the date of the financial
statements and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. Legal expenses associated with the contingency are expensed as incurred.
If a loss contingency is not probable or reasonably estimable, disclosure of the loss contingency is made in the financial statements
when it is at least reasonably possible that a material loss could be incurred.</span></p><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionsAndTranslationsPolicyTextBlock', window );">Foreign-currency Transactions</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline">Foreign-currency Transactions</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">For the Company&#8217;s subsidiaries in Taiwan,
the foreign-currency transactions are recorded in New Taiwan Dollars (&#8220;NTD&#8221;) at the rates of exchange in effect when the
transactions occur. Gains or losses resulting from the application of different foreign exchange rates when cash in foreign currency
is converted into NTD, or when foreign-currency receivables or payables are settled, are credited or charged to income in the year of
conversion or settlement. On balance sheet dates, the balances of foreign-currency assets and liabilities are restated at the prevailing
exchange rates and the resulting differences are charged to current income except for those foreign currencies denominated investments
in shares of stock where such differences are accounted for as translation adjustments under the Statements of Changes in Stockholders&#8217;
Equity.</span></p><span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline">Foreign-currency Transactions</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">For the Company&#8217;s subsidiaries in Taiwan,
the foreign-currency transactions are recorded in New Taiwan Dollars (&#8220;NTD&#8221;) at the rates of exchange in effect when the
transactions occur. Gains or losses resulting from the application of different foreign exchange rates when cash in foreign currency
is converted into NTD, or when foreign-currency receivables or payables are settled, are credited or charged to income in the year of
conversion or settlement. On the balance sheet dates, the balances of foreign-currency assets and liabilities are restated at the prevailing
exchange rates and the resulting differences are charged to current income except for those foreign currencies denominated investments
in shares of stock where such differences are accounted for as translation adjustments under the Statements of Changes in Stockholders&#8217;
Equity.</span></p><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SegmentReportingPolicyPolicyTextBlock', window );">Segment Reporting</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline">Segment Reporting</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">ASC 280 &#8220;Segment Reporting&#8221; requires
public companies to report financial and descriptive information about their reportable operating segments. The Company identifies the
operating segments based on how the chief operating decision maker internally evaluates separate financial information, business activities
and management responsibility.</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The Company currently has&#160;one&#160;reportable
segment, and assets are reviewed on a consolidated basis. As such, segmental data is not provided.</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The following tables present revenue and gross
profit information for each of our only reportable segment:</span></p><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">For The Three-Month<br/> Periods
    Ended<br/> March 31</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">2025</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">2024<br/> (Restated)</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 76%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Revenue</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-330"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">1,205</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Cost of Revenue</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-331"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">277</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Segment Gross Profit (Loss)</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-332"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">928</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Depreciation expense</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">7,021</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">1,286</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  </table><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The following table provides a reconciliation
of total segment gross profit to the Company&#8217;s loss before provision for income tax:</span></p><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">For The Three-Month<br/>
    Periods Ended<br/> March 31</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">2025</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">2024<br/>
    (Restated)</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 76%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Segment Gross Profit (Loss)</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-333"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">928</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Less:</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Selling, general and administrative expenses</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">615,371</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">738,486</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Research and development expenses</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">28,861</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">69,066</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Stock-based compensation</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">48,773</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">2,031,631</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Add (Less):</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Interest income</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">19,071</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">4,049</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Interest expense</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(222,967</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(181,676</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Operating sublease income</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">12,000</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">8,000</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Gain (loss) on foreign exchange changes</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(9,912</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">60,730</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Loss on investment in equity securities</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(50,877</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-334"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Other income, net</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">1,500</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">19,485</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Loss before provision for income tax</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(944,190</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(2,927,667</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td></tr>
  </table><span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline">Segment Reporting</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">ASC 280 &#8220;Segment Reporting&#8221; requires
public companies to report financial and descriptive information about their reportable operating segments. The Company identifies the
operating segments based on how the chief operating decision maker internally evaluates separate financial information, business activities
and management responsibility.</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The Company currently has&#160;one&#160;reportable
segment and assets are reviewed on a consolidated basis. As such, segment data is not provided.</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The following tables present revenue and gross
profit information for each of our only reportable segment:</span></p><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-size: 12pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">For The Years Ended<br/>
    December 31</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-size: 12pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">2024</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">2023 (Restated)</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 76%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Revenue</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">509,589</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">152,430</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Cost of Revenue</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">763</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">302,037</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Segment Gross Profit (Loss)</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">508,826</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(149,607</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="font-size: 12pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 12pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 12pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Depreciation expense</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">32,025</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">28,531</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  </table><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The following table provides a reconciliation
of total segment gross profit to the Company&#8217;s loss before provision for income tax:</span></p><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-size: 12pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">For The Years Ended<br/>
    December 31</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-size: 12pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">2024</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">2023 (Restated)</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 76%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Segment Gross Profit (Loss)</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">508,826</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(149,607</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Less:</span></td><td style="font-size: 12pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 12pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Selling, general and administrative expenses</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">2,261,336</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">5,368,278</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Research and development expenses</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">179,272</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">1,062,916</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Stock-based compensation</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">2,773,460</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">185,933</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Add (Less):</span></td><td style="font-size: 12pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 12pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Interest income</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">87,358</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">185,481</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Interest expense</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(825,899</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(1,313,671</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Operating sublease income</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">48,478</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">65,900</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Gain (loss) on foreign exchange changes</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(25,135</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">22,690</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Loss on investment in equity securities</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(221,888</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
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    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">255,592</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-263"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Other income, net</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">134,443</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">3,384</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Loss before provision for income tax</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(5,369,576</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(8,024,838</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td></tr>
  </table><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NewAccountingPronouncementsPolicyPolicyTextBlock', window );">Recent Accounting Pronouncements</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline">Recent Accounting Pronouncements</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No.
2023-09, Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures (Topic 740). The ASU requires disaggregated information about a reporting entity&#8217;s
effective tax rate reconciliation as well as additional information on income taxes paid. The ASU is effective on a prospective basis
for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is also permitted for annual financial statements that have not
yet been issued or made available for issuance. This ASU will likely result in the required additional disclosures being included in
our consolidated financial statements once adopted.</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU No.
2024-03, Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40). The ASU requires disclosure of specified information about certain costs
and expenses. This includes purchases of inventory, employee compensation, depreciation, and intangible asset amortization.&#160; The
ASU is effective on a prospective or retrospective basis for annual reporting period beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim reporting
period beginning after December 15, 2027. Early adoption is permitted. This ASU will likely result in the required additional disclosures
being included in our consolidated financial statements once adopted.</span></p><span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;text-decoration:underline">Recent Accounting Pronouncements</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">In August 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-05,
Business Combinations&#8212;Joint Venture Formations (Subtopic 805-60) which requires certain joint ventures to apply a new basis of
accounting upon formation by recognizing and initially measuring most of their assets and liabilities at fair value. The guidance does
not apply to joint ventures that may be proportionately consolidated and those that are collaborative arrangements. ASU 2023-05 is effective
for joint venture with a formation date on or after January 1, 2025, early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating
the impact that the standard will have on its unaudited consolidated financial statements.</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No.
2023-09, Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures (Topic 740). The ASU requires disaggregated information about a reporting entity&#8217;s
effective tax rate reconciliation as well as additional information on income taxes paid. The ASU is effective on a prospective basis
for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is also permitted for annual financial statements that have not
yet been issued or made available for issuance. This ASU will likely result in the required additional disclosures being included in
our consolidated financial statements once adopted.</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU No.
2024-03, Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40). The ASU requires disclosure of specified information about certain costs
and expenses. This includes purchases of inventory, employee compensation, depreciation, and intangible asset amortization.&#160; The
ASU is effective on a prospective or retrospective basis for annual reporting period beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim reporting
period beginning after December 15, 2027. Early adoption is permitted. This ASU will likely result in the required additional disclosures
being included in our consolidated financial statements once adopted.</span></p><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for concentration of clients.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">abvc_ConcentrationOfClientsPolicyTextBlock</td>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for convertible notes payable.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for other than temporary impairment.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">abvc_StockReverseSplitPolicyTextBlock</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_abvc_ValuationOfDeferredTaxAssetsPolicyTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for valuation of deferred tax assets.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">abvc_ValuationOfDeferredTaxAssetsPolicyTextBlock</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_BasisOfAccountingPolicyPolicyTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for basis of accounting, or basis of presentation, used to prepare the financial statements (for example, US Generally Accepted Accounting Principles, Other Comprehensive Basis of Accounting, IFRS).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483426/235-10-50-4<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_BasisOfAccountingPolicyPolicyTextBlock</td>
</tr>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsPolicyTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for cash and cash equivalents, including the policy for determining which items are treated as cash equivalents. Other information that may be disclosed includes (1) the nature of any restrictions on the entity's use of its cash and cash equivalents, (2) whether the entity's cash and cash equivalents are insured or expose the entity to credit risk, (3) the classification of any negative balance accounts (overdrafts), and (4) the carrying basis of cash equivalents (for example, at cost) and whether the carrying amount of cash equivalents approximates fair value.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482913/230-10-50-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsPolicyTextBlock</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Entity's cash and cash equivalents accounting policy with respect to restricted balances. Restrictions may include legally restricted deposits held as compensating balances against short-term borrowing arrangements, contracts entered into with others, or company statements of intention with regard to particular deposits; however, time deposits and short-term certificates of deposit are not generally included in legally restricted deposits.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-03(1)(a))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478546/942-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482913/230-10-50-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsPolicy</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingenciesPolicyTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for commitments and contingencies, which may include policies for recognizing and measuring loss and gain contingencies.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 954<br> -SubTopic 450<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477850/954-450-50-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 460<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482425/460-10-50-8<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingenciesPolicyTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskCreditRisk">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for credit risk. Includes, but is not limited to, policy for entering into master netting arrangement or similar agreement to mitigate credit risk of financial instrument.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 825<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 21<br> -Subparagraph (d)(1)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482907/825-10-50-21<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 825<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 21<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482907/825-10-50-21<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskCreditRisk</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<tr>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DerivativesPolicyTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for its derivative instruments and hedging activities.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 815<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480434/815-10-50-8<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 815<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480434/815-10-50-8<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 815<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479693/815-10-S50-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 815<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 8C<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480434/815-10-50-8C<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 815<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480434/815-10-50-8<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 815<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 7<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480434/815-10-50-7<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 815<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4F<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480434/815-10-50-4F<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 815<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/815/tableOfContent<br><br>Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480738/235-10-S50-1<br><br>Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 9<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483443/250-10-50-9<br><br>Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(n))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DerivativesPolicyTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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</tr>
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</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerSharePolicyTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for computing basic and diluted earnings or loss per share for each class of common stock and participating security. Addresses all significant policy factors, including any antidilutive items that have been excluded from the computation and takes into account stock dividends, splits and reverse splits that occur after the balance sheet date of the latest reporting period but before the issuance of the financial statements.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482662/260-10-50-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482662/260-10-50-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482662/260-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EarningsPerSharePolicyTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentsPolicy">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for equity method of accounting for investments and other interests. Investment includes, but is not limited to, unconsolidated subsidiary, corporate joint venture, noncontrolling interest in real estate venture, limited partnership, and limited liability company. Information includes, but is not limited to, ownership percentage, reason equity method is or is not considered appropriate, and accounting policy election for distribution received.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 825<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (f)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482907/825-10-50-28<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 323<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (a)(2)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481687/323-10-50-3<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 21D<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 230<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-21D<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentsPolicy</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementPolicyPolicyTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for fair value measurements of financial and non-financial assets, liabilities and instruments classified in shareholders' equity. Disclosures include, but are not limited to, how an entity that manages a group of financial assets and liabilities on the basis of its net exposure measures the fair value of those assets and liabilities.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementPolicyPolicyTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionsAndTranslationsPolicyTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for (1) transactions denominated in a currency other than the reporting enterprise's functional currency, (2) translating foreign currency financial statements that are incorporated into the financial statements of the reporting enterprise by consolidation, combination, or the equity method of accounting, and (3) remeasurement of the financial statements of a foreign reporting enterprise in a hyperinflationary economy.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 830<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/830/tableOfContent<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionsAndTranslationsPolicyTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ImpairmentOrDisposalOfLongLivedAssetsPolicyTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for recognizing and measuring the impairment of long-lived assets. An entity also may disclose its accounting policy for long-lived assets to be sold. This policy excludes goodwill and intangible assets.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 360<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 5.CC)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480091/360-10-S99-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 05<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 360<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482338/360-10-05-4<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ImpairmentOrDisposalOfLongLivedAssetsPolicyTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxPolicyTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for income taxes, which may include its accounting policies for recognizing and measuring deferred tax assets and liabilities and related valuation allowances, recognizing investment tax credits, operating loss carryforwards, tax credit carryforwards, and other carryforwards, methodologies for determining its effective income tax rate and the characterization of interest and penalties in the financial statements.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 20<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-20<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 19<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-19<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 25<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482525/740-10-45-25<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-03(h)(1))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479886/946-10-S99-3<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 17<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-17<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 9<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-9<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482525/740-10-45-28<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482765/220-10-50-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeTaxPolicyTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NewAccountingPronouncementsPolicyPolicyTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy pertaining to new accounting pronouncements that may impact the entity's financial reporting. Includes, but is not limited to, quantification of the expected or actual impact.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NewAccountingPronouncementsPolicyPolicyTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PostemploymentBenefitPlansPolicy">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for postemployment benefits. Postemployment benefits are benefits provided to former or inactive employees, their beneficiaries, and covered dependents after employment but before retirement, except for: a) benefits provided through a pension or postretirement benefit plan, b) individual deferred compensation arrangements, c) special or contractual termination benefits, and d) stock compensation plans.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 712<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/712/tableOfContent<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PostemploymentBenefitPlansPolicy</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PriorPeriodReclassificationAdjustmentDescription">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for reclassification affecting comparability of financial statement. Excludes amendment to accounting standards, other change in accounting principle, and correction of error.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 205<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483504/205-10-50-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PriorPeriodReclassificationAdjustmentDescription</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentPolicyTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for long-lived, physical asset used in normal conduct of business and not intended for resale. Includes, but is not limited to, work of art, historical treasure, and similar asset classified as collections.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 360<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482099/360-10-50-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(8)(a))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478777/944-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -SubTopic 360<br> -Topic 958<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477798/958-360-50-6<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -SubTopic 360<br> -Topic 958<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477798/958-360-50-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentPolicyTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpensePolicy">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for costs it has incurred (1) in a planned search or critical investigation aimed at discovery of new knowledge with the hope that such knowledge will be useful in developing a new product or service, a new process or technique, or in bringing about a significant improvement to an existing product or process; or (2) to translate research findings or other knowledge into a plan or design for a new product or process or for a significant improvement to an existing product or process.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 730<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 05<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483044/730-10-05-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpensePolicy</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerPolicyTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for revenue from contract with customer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 17<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-17<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 19<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-19<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 18<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-18<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 18<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-18<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 20<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-20<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 20<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-20<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 20<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-20<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 20<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-20<br><br>Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Subparagraph (e)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 235<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483426/235-10-50-4<br><br>Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 606<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/606/tableOfContent<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerPolicyTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_SegmentReportingPolicyPolicyTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for segment reporting.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 41<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-41<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 29<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-29<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 29<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-29<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 29<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-29<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 47<br> -Subparagraph (bb)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482785/280-10-55-47<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 29<br> -Subparagraph (f)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-29<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 54<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482785/280-10-55-54<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 36<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-36<br><br>Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 47<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482785/280-10-55-47<br><br>Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 29<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-29<br><br>Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 29<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-29<br><br>Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 29<br> -Subparagraph (e)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-29<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SegmentReportingPolicyPolicyTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationOptionAndIncentivePlansPolicy">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for award under share-based payment arrangement. Includes, but is not limited to, methodology and assumption used in measuring cost.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (f)(2)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (f)(2)(v)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (f)(2)(i)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (f)(2)(ii)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (f)(1)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S50<br> -Paragraph 5<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479953/718-10-S50-5<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479953/718-10-S50-3<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479953/718-10-S50-4<br><br>Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479953/718-10-S50-2<br><br>Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 14.C.Q3)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479830/718-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 14.D.1.Q5)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479830/718-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 14.D.3.Q2)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479830/718-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 14.D.2.Q6)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479830/718-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 14: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/718/tableOfContent<br><br>Reference 15: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationOptionAndIncentivePlansPolicy</td>
</tr>
<tr>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for accounts receivable.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 310<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481962/310-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 310<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481962/310-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 310<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481569/310-20-50-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_TradeAndOtherAccountsReceivablePolicy</td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for the use of estimates in the preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 235<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478671/942-235-S50-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 235<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-05(b)(2))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477314/942-235-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 275<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 12<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482861/275-10-50-12<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 275<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 9<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482861/275-10-50-9<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 275<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482836/275-10-55-6<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 275<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482861/275-10-50-6<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 275<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482861/275-10-50-4<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 275<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482861/275-10-50-1<br><br>Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 275<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482861/275-10-50-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Liquidity, Going Concern, and Restatement (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">3 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Mar. 31, 2025</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementOfFinancialPositionAbstract', window );"><strong>Liquidity, Going Concern, and Restatement [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_ScheduleOfCondensedFinancialStatementsTableTextBlock', window );">Schedule of Impact of the Restatement</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The impact of the restatement on the balance
sheets, statements of operations, and statements of cash flows as of and for the three months ended March 31, 2024 is presented below.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</b></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="10" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">March 31, 2024</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Unaudited
                                            Condensed</b></p>Consolidated Balance Sheets</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">As Reported</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Adjustments</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">As Restated</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 64%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Prepaid expense and other current asset</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">159,602</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">383,309</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Property and equipment, net</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">7,949,150</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(7,400,000</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">549,150</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-327"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">691,900</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">691,900</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">14,460,402</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(6,484,392</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">7,976,010</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Accrued expenses and other current liabilities</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">4,050,845</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(605,178</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Convertible notes payable &#8211; third parties, net</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">842,567</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">29,769</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">872,336</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Due to related parties</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">301,972</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">89,502</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">391,474</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Current Liabilities</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">6,633,614</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(455,908</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">6,177,706</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Total Liabilities</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">6,973,447</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(455,908</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">6,517,539</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Additional paid-in capital</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">86,029,237</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(9,025,036</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">77,004,201</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Total stockholders&#8217; equity</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">7,792,076</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(6,092,525</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">1,699,551</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Noncontrolling interest</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(305,121</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">64,040</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(241,081</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Total Equity</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">7,486,955</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(6,028,485</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">1,458,470</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Total Liabilities and Equity</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">14,460,402</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(6,484,393</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">7,976,009</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  </table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="10" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Three Months Ended March 31,
    2024</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Unaudited
                                            Condensed</b></p>Consolidated Statements of Operations</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">As Reported</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Adjustments</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">As Restated</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 64%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Selling, general and administrative expenses</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">831,257</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(92,771</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">738,486</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Stock based compensation</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">2,544,995</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(513,364</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">2,031,631</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Interest expenses</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(684,683</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">503,007</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(181,676</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(48,043</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(45,425</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(93,468</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Net loss</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(3,981,019</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">1,053,352</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(2,927,667</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Basic and diluted net loss per common share</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(0.40</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">0.11</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(0.29</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td></tr>
  </table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="10" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Three Months Ended March 31,
    2024</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold"><p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Unaudited Condensed</span></p>
                                                                    <p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Consolidated Statements
                                            of Cash Flows</span></p></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">As Reported</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Adjustments</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">As Restated</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 64%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Net loss</span></td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(3,981,019</span></td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">1,053,355</span></td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(2,927,664</span></td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Stock-based compensation</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">2,544,995</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(513,364</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">2,031,631</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Other non-cash income and expenses</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">672,016</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(495,736</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">176,280</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Accrued expenses and other current liabilities</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">354,465</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(398,070</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(43,605</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Due to related parties</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">128,840</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(128,840</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-328"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Net cash used in operating activities</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(602,001</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(353,815</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(955,816</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Due to related parties*</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-329"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(217,981</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(217,981</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Net cash provided by financing activities</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">805,006</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">119,141</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">924,147</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(260,783</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">234,674</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(26,109</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Issuance of common stock for conversion of debt</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">681,000</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">213,426</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">467,574</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  </table>


<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 0in"></td><td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">*</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Due to related parties previously reported amount was reclassified to financing activities based on current year&#8217;s presentation.</span></td>
</tr></table><span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The impact of the restatement on the balance
sheets, statements of operations, and statements of cash flows as of and for the year ended December 31, 2023 is presented below.</span></p>


<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-size: 12pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="10" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">December 31, 2023</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Consolidated Balance Sheets</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">As <br/>
Reported</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Adjustments</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">As <br/>
Restated</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 64%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Property and equipment, net</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">7,969,278</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(7,400,000</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">569,278</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Prepayment for asset acquisition</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-256"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">691,900</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">691,900</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Total Assets</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">14,492,599</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(6,708,100</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">7,784,499</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="font-size: 12pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 12pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 12pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 12pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Accrued expenses and other current liabilities</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">3,696,380</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(148,028</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">3,548,352</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Convertible notes payable &#8211; third parties, net</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">569,456</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">317,066</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">886,522</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Due to related parties</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">173,132</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">361</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">173,493</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Current Liabilities</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">5,932,490</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">169,399</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">6,101,889</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Total Liabilities</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">6,361,627</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">169,399</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">6,531,026</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="font-size: 12pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 12pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 12pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 12pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Additional paid-in capital</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">82,636,966</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(8,658,586</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">73,978,380</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Total stockholders&#8217; equity</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">8,388,050</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(6,833,940</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">1,554,110</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Noncontrolling interest</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(257,078</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(43,559</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(300,637</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Total Equity</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">8,130,972</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(6,877,499</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">1,253,473</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Total Liabilities and Equity</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">14,492,599</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(6,708,100</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">7,784,499</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  </table>


<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="10" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Year Ended December 31, 2023</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Consolidated Statements of Operations</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">As <br/>
Reported</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Adjustments</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">As <br/>
Restated</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 64%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Stock based compensation</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">1,635,708</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(1,449,775</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">185,933</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Interest expenses</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(2,493,340</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">1,179,669</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(1,313,671</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(394,632</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(98,162</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(492,794</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Net loss</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(10,910,288</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">2,629,444</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(8,280,844</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Basic and diluted net loss per common share</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(2.43</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">0.63</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(1.80</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td></tr>
  </table>


<p style="margin: 0"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="10" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Year Ended December
    31, 2023</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">As <br/>
Reported</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Adjustments</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">As <br/>
Restated</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 64%; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Net income (loss)</span></td><td style="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(10,910,288</span></td><td style="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td><td style="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">2,629,444</span></td><td style="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(8,280,844</span></td><td style="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Stock-based compensation</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">1,635,708</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(1,449,775</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">185,933</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Other non-cash income and expenses</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">2,413,746</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(1,169,501</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">1,244,245</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Accrued expenses and other current liabilities</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">786,793</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(148,031</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">638,762</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Due to related parties</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(186,860</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">186,860</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-257"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Net cash used in operating activities</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(4,235,845</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(48,997</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(4,186,848</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Due to related parties*</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-258"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(186,499</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(186,499</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Proceeds from subsidiary&#8217;s executive contribution</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-259"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">137,500</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">137,500</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Net cash provided by financing activities</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">691,900</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Issuance of common stock for conversion of debt</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">3,306,112</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(1,519,426</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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<p style="margin: 0"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of condensed financial statements, including, but not limited to, the balance sheet, income statement, and statement of cash flows.</p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">3 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Mar. 31, 2025</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract', window );"><strong>Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_ScheduleOfEstimatedUsefulLivesOfPropertyAndEquipmentNetTableTextBlock', window );">Schedule of Estimated Useful Life</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">Depreciation is calculated on the straight-line method generally based
on the following useful lives:<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: justify; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Estimated&#160;Life<br/> in Years</span></td></tr>
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    <td style="width: 91%; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Buildings and leasehold improvements</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Machinery and equipment</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">5 ~ 10</span></td></tr>
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    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Office equipment</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfSegmentReportingInformationBySegmentTextBlock', window );">Schedule of Revenue and Gross Profit Information of our Reportable Segment</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The following tables present revenue and gross
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
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    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">For The Three-Month<br/> Periods
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    <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Cost of Revenue</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Segment Gross Profit (Loss)</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Depreciation expense</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">7,021</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">1,286</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  </table><span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The following tables present revenue and gross
profit information for each of our only reportable segment:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-size: 12pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">For The Years Ended<br/>
    December 31</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-size: 12pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">2024</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">2023 (Restated)</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 76%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Revenue</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">509,589</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">152,430</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Cost of Revenue</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">763</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">302,037</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Segment Gross Profit (Loss)</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">508,826</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(149,607</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="font-size: 12pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 12pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 12pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Depreciation expense</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">32,025</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">28,531</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  </table><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ReconciliationOfOtherSignificantReconcilingItemsFromSegmentsToConsolidatedTextBlock', window );">Schedule of Reconciliation of Total Segment Gross Profit</a></td>
<td class="text"><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">For The Three-Month<br/>
    Periods Ended<br/> March 31</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">2025</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">2024<br/>
    (Restated)</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 76%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Segment Gross Profit (Loss)</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-333"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">928</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Less:</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Selling, general and administrative expenses</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">615,371</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">738,486</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Research and development expenses</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">28,861</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">69,066</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Stock-based compensation</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">48,773</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">2,031,631</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Add (Less):</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Interest income</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">19,071</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">4,049</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Interest expense</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(222,967</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(181,676</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Operating sublease income</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">12,000</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">8,000</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Gain (loss) on foreign exchange changes</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(9,912</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">60,730</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Loss on investment in equity securities</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(50,877</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-334"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Other income, net</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">1,500</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">19,485</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Loss before provision for income tax</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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<td class="text"><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
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    <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">For The Years Ended<br/>
    December 31</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-size: 12pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(149,607</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Less:</span></td><td style="font-size: 12pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 12pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Selling, general and administrative expenses</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">2,261,336</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">5,368,278</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Research and development expenses</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">179,272</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">1,062,916</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Stock-based compensation</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">2,773,460</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">185,933</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Add (Less):</span></td><td style="font-size: 12pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 12pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Interest income</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">87,358</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">185,481</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Interest expense</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(825,899</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(1,313,671</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Operating sublease income</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">48,478</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">65,900</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Gain (loss) on foreign exchange changes</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(25,135</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">22,690</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Loss on investment in equity securities</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(339,171</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(221,888</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Write off unclaimed accrued liabilities</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">255,592</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-263"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">134,443</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">3,384</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Loss before provision for income tax</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(5,369,576</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(8,024,838</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td></tr>
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</td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of reconciliation of other items from reportable segments to their consolidated amount. Excludes reconciliation of revenue, profit (loss), and assets.</p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Property and Equipment, and Prepament for Asset Acquisition (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">3 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Mar. 31, 2025</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentAbstract', window );"><strong>Property and Equipment, and Prepament for Asset Acquisition [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTextBlock', window );">Schedule of Property and Equipment</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The Company has offices and labs located in
Taiwan, and a GMP manufacturing facility in Fremont, CA. Property and equipment as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024 are summarized
as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 23.75pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -23.75pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">March&#160;31,<br/> 2025</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">December&#160;31,<br/> 2024</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 76%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Land</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">8,004,520</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">338,966</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Buildings and leasehold improvements</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">2,217,756</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">2,219,244</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Machinery and equipment</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">1,129,804</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">1,131,169</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Office equipment</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">161,384</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">163,448</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">11,513,464</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">3,852,827</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Less: accumulated depreciation</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(3,344,718</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(3,341,739</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Property and equipment, net</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">8,168,746</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">511,088</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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</td>
<td class="text"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The Company has offices and labs located in
Taiwan, and a GMP manufacturing facility in Fremont, CA. Property and equipment as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 are summarized as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 23.75pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -23.75pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">December&#160;31,<br/>
    2024</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">December&#160;31,<br/>
    2023</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 76%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Land</span></td><td style="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">338,966</span></td><td style="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">363,416</span></td><td style="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Buildings and leasehold improvements</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">2,219,244</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">2,227,431</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Machinery and equipment</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">1,131,169</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">1,138,675</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Office equipment</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">163,448</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">174,797</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">3,852,827</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">3,904,319</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Less: accumulated depreciation</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(3,341,739</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(3,335,041</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify; padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Property and equipment, net</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">511,088</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">569,278</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  </table><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of physical assets used in the normal conduct of business and not intended for resale. Includes, but is not limited to, balances by class of assets, depreciation and depletion expense and method used, including composite depreciation, and accumulated deprecation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 360<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482099/360-10-50-1<br></p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
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<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Long-Term Investments (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">3 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
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<th class="th"><div>Mar. 31, 2025</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LongTermInvestmentsAbstract', window );"><strong>Long-Term Investments [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfOtherOwnershipInterestsTextBlock', window );">Schedule of Ownership Percentages of Each Investee</a></td>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</b></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 0%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">*</span></td> <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">This company was acquired by Canal Biotech Corporation Inc. Our stock is in the process of replacement with the stock of the acquired company and the ownership percentage is subject to change.</span></td></tr> </table><span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The ownership percentages of each investee are listed as follows:</span><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Ownership percentage</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; 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text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">0.17</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">%</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">0.17</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">%</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="width: 11%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Cost Method</span></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Genepharm Biotech Corporation</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">0.67</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">%</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">0.67</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">%</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Cost Method</span></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">BioHopeKing Corporation</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">5.90</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">%</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">5.90</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">%</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Cost Method</span></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="text-align: left"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">ForSeeCon Eye Corporation (see Note 10)</span></p></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">19.78</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">%</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-268"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">-</span></div></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">%</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Cost Method</span></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">BioFirst Corporation</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">18.68</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">%</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">18.68</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">%</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Equity&#160;Method</span></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">OncoX BioPharma, Inc. (see Note 10)</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">24.97</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">%</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-269"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">-</span></div></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">%</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Equity Method</span></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Rgene Corporation</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">26.65</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">%</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">26.65</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">%</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Equity Method</span></td></tr> </table>


<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</b></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 0in"></td><td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">*</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">This company was acquired by Canal Biotech Corporation Inc. Our stock is in the process of replacement with the stock of the acquired company and the ownership percentage is subject to change.</span></td>
</tr></table><span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_ScheduleOfExtentTheInvesteeReliesTableTextBlock', window );">Schedule of Extent the Investee Relies</a></td>
<td class="text"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The extent the investee relies on the company for its business is summarized as follows:</span><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; width: 30%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Name of investees</b></span></td> <td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; width: 69%; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>The extent the investee relies on the Company for its business &#160;</b></span></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Braingenesis Biotechnology Co., Ltd.</span></td> <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">No specific business relationship</span></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top; "> <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Genepharm Biotech Corporation</span></td> <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">No specific business relationship</span></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">BioHopeKing Corporation</span></td> <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Collaborating with the Company to develop and commercialize drugs (referring to Note 4, Collaborative Agreements)</span></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top; "> <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">BioLite Japan K.K.</span></td> <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The Company&#8217;s joint venture noncontrolling subsidiary perform research and development activities and explore business opportunities in Japan </span></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">ForSeeCon Eye Corporation</span></td> <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Collaborating with the Company to develop and commercialize ophthalmic medical devices (referring to Note 4, Collaborative Agreements)</span></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top; "> <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">BioFirst Corporation</span></td> <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Loaned from the investee and provides research and development support service</span></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">OncoX BioPharma, Inc. </span></td> <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Collaborating with the Company to develop and commercialize single-herb botanical drug for treatment of certain diseases (referring to Note 4, Collaborative Agreements)</span></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top; "> <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Rgene Corporation</span></td> <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Collaborating with the Company to develop and commercialize drugs (referring to Note 4, Collaborative Agreements)</span></td></tr> </table><span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The extent the investee relies on the company for its business is summarized as follows:</span><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 30%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Name of investees</b></span></td> <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: justify; width: 69%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>The extent the investee relies on the Company for its business &#160;</b></span></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Braingenesis Biotechnology Co., Ltd.</span></td> <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">No specific business relationship</span></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top; "> <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Genepharm Biotech Corporation</span></td> <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">No specific business relationship</span></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">BioHopeKing Corporation</span></td> <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Collaborating with the Company to develop and commercialize drugs (referring to Note 4, Collaborative Agreements)</span></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top; "> <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">BioLite Japan K.K.</span></td> <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The Company&#8217;s joint venture noncontrolling subsidiary perform research and development activities and explore business opportunities in Japan </span></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">ForSeeCon Eye Corporation</span></td> <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Collaborating with the Company to develop and commercialize ophthalmic medical devices (referring to Note 4, Collaborative Agreements)</span></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top; "> <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">BioFirst Corporation</span></td> <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Loaned from the investee and provides research and development support service</span></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">OncoX BioPharma, Inc. </span></td> <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Collaborating with the Company to develop and commercialize single-herb botanical drug for treatment of certain diseases (referring to Note 4, Collaborative Agreements)</span></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top; "> <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Rgene Corporation</span></td> <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Collaborating with the Company to develop and commercialize drugs (referring to Note 4, Collaborative Agreements)</span></td></tr> </table><span></span>
</td>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InvestmentTableTextBlock', window );">Schedule of Long-Term Investment</a></td>
<td class="text"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Long-term investment mainly consists of the following:</span><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-size: 12pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">December&#160;31,<br/> 2024</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Non-marketable Cost Method Investments, net</span></td><td style="font-size: 12pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 12pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 12pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 12pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 76%; text-align: left; padding-left: 9pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Braingenesis Biotechnology Co., Ltd.</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">6,640</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">6,727</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 9pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Genepharm Biotech Corporation</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">20,271</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">20,540</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 9pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">ForSeeCon
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    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-341"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; padding-left: 9pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">BioHopeKing Corporation</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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    <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 9pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">BioFirst
    Corporation<sup>(a)</sup></span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">1,468,504</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 9pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Rgene
    Corporation<sup>(b)</sup></span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">559,471</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-342"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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    <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 9pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">BioLite
    Japan K.K. (BioLite JP)<sup>(c)</sup></span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-343"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-344"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; padding-left: 9pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">OncoX
    BioPharma, Inc.<sup>(e)</sup></span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-345"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-346"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; padding-left: 0.25in"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Total</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">2,760,062</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">2,258,754</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  </table>


<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(a)</span></td> <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">BioFirst Corporation (the &#8220;BioFirst&#8221;):</span></td></tr> </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The Company holds an equity interest
in BioFirst Corporation, accounting for its equity interest using the equity method to accounts for its equity investment as prescribed
in ASC 323, Investments&#8212;Equity Method and Joint Ventures (&#8220;ASC 323&#8221;). Equity method adjustments include the Company&#8217;s
proportionate share of investee&#8217;s income or loss and other adjustments required by the equity method. As of March 31, 2025 and
December 31, 2024, the Company owns 18.68% and 18.68% common stock shares of BioFirst, respectively. The Company made a prepayment for
equity investment in BioFirst to purchase additional shares to be issued by BioFirst in the aggregate amount of $2,688,578, recorded
as prepayment for long-term investments as of December 31, 2022. On July 19, 2023, the Company successfully completed the registration
process for this investment. The initial prepayment was $1,895,556, which is a portion of the prepayment as of December 31, 2022, and
was converted into 994,450 shares of BioFirst stock. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the amount of prepayment for long-term
investments in Biofirst is both $1,124,842.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(b)</span></td> <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Rgene Corporation (the &#8220;Rgene&#8221;)</span></td></tr> </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">As described in Note 4, the Company
acquired 26.65% of Rgene&#8217;s outstanding common shares since 2018 through multiple collaborative agreements, and has been accounting
this equity investment with equity method as prescribed in ASC 323, Investments&#8212;Equity Method and Joint Ventures (&#8220;ASC 323&#8221;).
Equity method adjustments include the Company&#8217;s proportionate share of investee&#8217;s income or loss and other adjustments required
by the equity method. Further, as disclosed in Note 10 Related Party Transactions, the Company entered a convertible loan agreement with
Rgene in 2022 and has been working with Rgene to obtain approval for the Company to exercise the conversion from Department of Investment
Review in Taiwan, a government agency reviews foreign investors conducting investment in Taiwan. In May 2024, the conversion request
for the conversion was approved but the Company was not informed by Rgene until April 2025. The Company determined that the impact to
the financial statements is immaterial and assumed the conversion was incurred on January 1, 2025. After the conversion, the Company
owns 37% of outstanding shares of Rgene.</span></p><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(c)</span></td> <td style="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">BioLite Japan K.K. (BioLite JP)</span></td></tr> </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">In October 2021, the Company, Lucidaim
Co., Ltd., a Japanese corporation (&#8220;Lucidaim,&#8221; together with the Company, the &#8220;Shareholders&#8221;), and BioLite Japan
K.K., a Japanese corporation (&#8220;BioLite JP&#8221;) entered into a Joint Venture Agreement. BioLite JP is a private limited company
incorporated on December 18, 2018. The business of the joint venture is the research and development of drugs, medical device and digital
media, investment, fund running and consulting, distribution and marketing of supplements carried on by BioLite JP and its subsidiaries
in Japan, or any other territory or businesses. At the date of the Agreement, BioLite JP has 10,000 ordinary shares authorized, with
3,049 ordinary shares issued and outstanding (the &#8220;Ordinary Shares&#8221;). Pursuant to the Agreement and the related share transfer
agreement, Lucidaim shall own 1,555 Ordinary Shares (51%) and the Company shall own 1,494 Ordinary Shares (49%). The Company paid $150,000
towards the setup of the joint venture; BioLite Japan&#8217;s other shareholder also paid $150,000 after the Letter of Intent was signed.
This prepayment is booked in prepayment for investment. As of December 31, 2024, the Company evaluated the investee&#8217;s business
and financial conditions and determined to fully impair such prepayment.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(d)</span></td> <td style="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">ForSeeCon Eye Corporation (FEYE)</span></td></tr> </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">FEYE is a private company registered
in the British Virgin Islands, focusing on the field of diagnosis and treatment of eye disorders, with its main product of Vitargus.
The Company granted FEYE certain licensed products in exchange of FEYE ownership. See Note 4 for detail of such transactions.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 0.25in; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(e)</span></td> <td style="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">OncoX BioPharma, Inc. (OncoX)</span></td></tr> </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">OncoX is a private company registered
in the British Virgin Islands, focusing on oncology trials and drug development across Asia-Pacific. The Company granted OncoX certain
licensed products in exchange of OncoX&#8217;s ownership. See Note 4 for detail of such transactions.</span></p><span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Long-term investment mainly consists of the following:</span><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
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    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">December&#160;31,<br/>
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    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">December&#160;31,<br/>
    2023</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
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    <td colspan="2" style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
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    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-left: 9pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">ForSeeCon
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-left: 9pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">BioFirst
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    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-left: 9pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Rgene
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    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-272"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-left: 9pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">BioLite
    Japan K.K. (BioLite JP)<sup>(c)</sup></span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-274"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-275"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; padding-left: 9pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">OncoX
    BioPharma, Inc.<sup>(e)</sup></span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-276"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-277"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 4pt; padding-left: 0.25in"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Total</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">2,258,754</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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  </table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 24px"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(a)</span></td> <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">BioFirst Corporation (the &#8220;BioFirst&#8221;):</span></td></tr> </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The Company holds an equity interest
in BioFirst Corporation, accounting for its equity interest using the equity method to accounts for its equity investment as prescribed
in ASC 323, Investments&#8212;Equity Method and Joint Ventures (&#8220;ASC 323&#8221;). Equity method adjustments include the Company&#8217;s
proportionate share of investee&#8217;s income or loss and other adjustments required by the equity method. As of December 31, 2024 and
2023, the Company owns 18.68% and 18.68% common stock shares of BioFirst, respectively. The Company made a prepayment for equity investment
in BioFirst to purchase additional shares to be issued by BioFirst in the aggregate amount of $2,688,578, recorded as prepayment for
long-term investments as of December 31, 2022. On July 19, 2023, the Company successfully completed the registration process for this
investment. The initial prepayment was $1,895,556, which is a portion of the prepayment as of December 31, 2022, and was converted into
994,450 shares of BioFirst stock. As of December 31, 2024, the amount of prepayment for long-term investments in Biofirst is $1,124,842.</span></p><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 24px"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(b)</span></td> <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Rgene Corporation (the &#8220;Rgene&#8221;)</span></td></tr> </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Both Rgene and the Company are
under common control by Dr. Tsung-Shann Jiang, the CEO and chairman of the BioLite Inc. Since Dr. Tsung-Shann Jiang is able to exercise
significant influence, but not control, over the Rgene, the Company determined to use the equity method to accounts for its equity investment
as prescribed in ASC 323, Investments&#8212;Equity Method and Joint Ventures (&#8220;ASC 323&#8221;). Equity method adjustments include
the Company&#8217;s proportionate share of investee&#8217;s income or loss and other adjustments required by the equity method. As of
December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company owns 26.65% and 26.65% common stock shares of Rgene, respectively.</span></p><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 24px"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(c)</span></td> <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">BioLite Japan K.K. (BioLite JP)</span></td></tr> </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">In October 2021, the Company, Lucidaim
Co., Ltd., a Japanese corporation (&#8220;Lucidaim,&#8221; together with the Company, the &#8220;Shareholders&#8221;), and BioLite Japan
K.K., a Japanese corporation (&#8220;BioLite JP&#8221;) entered into a Joint Venture Agreement. BioLite JP is a private limited company
incorporated on December 18, 2018. The business of the joint venture is the research and development of drugs, medical device and digital
media, investment, fund running and consulting, distribution and marketing of supplements carried on by BioLite JP and its subsidiaries
in Japan, or any other territory or businesses. At the date of the Agreement, BioLite JP has 10,000 ordinary shares authorized, with
3,049 ordinary shares issued and outstanding (the &#8220;Ordinary Shares&#8221;). Pursuant to the Agreement and the related share transfer
agreement, Lucidaim shall own 1,555 Ordinary Shares (51%) and the Company shall own 1,494 Ordinary Shares (49%). The Company paid $150,000
towards the setup of the joint venture; BioLite Japan&#8217;s other shareholder also paid $150,000 after the Letter of Intent was signed.
This prepayment is booked in prepayment for investment. As of December 31, 2024, the Company evaluated the investee&#8217;s business
and financial conditions and determined to fully impair such prepayment.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 24px; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(d)</span></td> <td style="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">ForSeeCon Eye Corporation (FEYE)</span></td></tr> </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">FEYE is a private company registered
in the British Virgin Islands, focusing on the field of diagnosis and treatment of eye disorders, with its main product of Vitargus.
The Company granted FEYE certain licensed products in exchange of FEYE ownership. See Note 4 for detail of such transactions.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 24px; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(e)</span></td> <td style="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">OncoX BioPharma, Inc. (OncoX)</span></td></tr> </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">OncoX is a private company registered
in the British Virgin Islands, focusing on oncology trials and drug development across Asia-Pacific. The Company granted OncoX certain
licensed products in exchange of OncoX&#8217;s ownership. See Note 4 for detail of such transactions.</span></p><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_ScheduleOfCondensedBalanceSheetTableTextBlock', window );">Schedule of Balance Sheets</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Summarized unaudited financial information
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font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 76%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Current Assets</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">1,323,952</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">1,451,877</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; 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"> <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Non-current Liabilities</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">114,606</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">347,193</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Stockholders&#8217; Deficit</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(1,215,595</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(495,168</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td></tr> </table><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Summarized unaudited financial information
for the Company&#8217;s equity method investee, Rgene, is as follows:</span></p><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>December&#160;31,<br/> 2024</b></span></td> <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>December&#160;31,<br/> 2023</b></span></td> <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; 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font-size: 10pt">1,546,123</span></td> <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2,591,960</span></td> <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Non-current Liabilities</span></td> <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">319</span></td> <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">811</span></td> <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF"> <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Shareholders&#8217; Deficit</span></td> <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(1,276,963</span></td> <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td> <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(2,291,517</span></td> <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; 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</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_CondensedStatementOfComprehensiveIncomeTableTextBlock', window );">Schedule of Statements of Operations</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Summarized unaudited financial information
for the Company&#8217;s equity method investee, BioFirst, is as follows:</span></p><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Year Ended<br/> December 31,</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 76%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Net sales</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">357</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">734</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Gross profit</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">216</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">289</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Net loss</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(770,877</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Share of losses from investments accounted for using the equity method</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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  </table><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Summarized unaudited financial information
for the Company&#8217;s equity method investee, Rgene, is as follows:</span></p><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Year
    Ended<br/>
    December 31,</b></span></td>
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2024</b></span></td>
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2023</b></span></td>
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Net sales</span></td>
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-278"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;-</span></div></td>
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-279"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;-</span></div></td>
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Gross Profit</span></td>
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-280"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">-</span></div></td>
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-281"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">-</span></div></td>
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF">
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    <td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 8%; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(118,367</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 8%; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(1,550,123</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Share of loss from investments accounted for using
    the equity method</span></td>
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-282"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">-</span></div></td>
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-283"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">-</span></div></td>
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  </table><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentsTextBlock', window );">Schedule of Components of Loss on Investment in Equity Securities</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The components of loss on investment in equity
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

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    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Three Months Ended<br/> March 31,</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-347"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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<td class="text"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The components of loss on investment in equity
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

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    <td style="width: 76%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Share of equity method investee losses</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(339,171</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(221,888</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of extent the investee relies.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of condensed statement of comprehensive income (loss) including, but not limited to, statements of comprehensive income (loss) of consolidated entities and consolidation eliminations.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Name Regulation S-X (SX)<br> -Number 210<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection 04<br> -Paragraph a<br> -Publisher SEC<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 235<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477314/942-235-S99-2<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480738/235-10-S50-4<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.12-04(a))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-3<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of condensed balance sheet, including, but not limited to, balance sheets of consolidated entities and consolidation eliminations.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Name Regulation S-X (SX)<br> -Number 210<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection 04<br> -Paragraph a<br> -Publisher SEC<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 235<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477314/942-235-S99-2<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480738/235-10-S50-4<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.12-04(a))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-3<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of equity method investments including, but not limited to, name of each investee or group of investments, percentage ownership, difference between recorded amount of an investment and the value of the underlying equity in the net assets, and summarized financial information.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 323<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481687/323-10-50-3<br></p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of investment.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 320<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/320/tableOfContent<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 321<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/321/tableOfContent<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 325<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/325/tableOfContent<br></p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of other units or shares or classes of ownership in a partnership.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 5<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 4.F)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480008/505-10-S99-5<br></p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
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<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Convertible Notes Payable (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">3 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
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<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Mar. 31, 2025</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

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text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">Stated<br/> Interest<br/> Rate</span></td><td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">Effective<br/> Interest<br/> Rate</span></td><td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">Conversion<br/> Price</span></td><td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">Common<br/> Stock<br/> to&#160;be<br/> converted</span></td><td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">Principal<br/> Amount at<br/> Balance<br/> Sheet Date</span></td><td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="white-space: nowrap; 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text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">Fair<br/> Value</span></td><td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in; text-align: left; width: 10%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">2nd LIND Note</span></td><td style="text-align: center; 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text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">1,200,000</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 5%; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">0</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">%</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 5%; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">86.94</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">%</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">$</span></td><td style="width: 5%; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">1.00</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td> <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 4%; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">ABVC</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">$</span></td><td style="width: 5%; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">200,000</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">$</span></td><td style="width: 5%; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">26,110</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">$</span></td><td style="width: 5%; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">173,890</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">$</span></td><td style="width: 5%; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">240,000</span></td><td style="width: 1%; 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text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">ABVC</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td> <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">800,000</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td> <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">196,114</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td> <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">603,886</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td> <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">960,000</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; 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text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">AiBtl</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td> <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">30,000</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td> <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">1,119</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td> <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">28,881</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td> <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">30,000</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; 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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

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text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">$</span></td><td style="width: 5%; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">1.00</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td> <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 4%; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">ABVC</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">$</span></td><td style="width: 5%; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">400,000</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td> <td style="width: 1%; 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text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">28,389</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">30,000</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td> <td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td> <td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td> <td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">2,260,000</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td> <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td> <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td> <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td> <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">1,460,000</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">509,954</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">950,046</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">1,740,000</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 8pt">&#160;</span></td></tr> </table><span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The carrying amounts of the liability component
are summarized as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">3 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Mar. 31, 2025</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesAndOtherLiabilitiesAbstract', window );"><strong>Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilitiesTableTextBlock', window );">Schedule of Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Accrued expenses and other current liabilities
consisted of the following as of the periods indicated:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">March&#160;31,</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">December&#160;31,</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">2024</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 76%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Accrued research and development expense</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">1,799,583</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">1,799,583</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Accrued directors and officers (owners) compensation</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">991,821</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">127,759</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Accrued compensation and employee benefits</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">140,252</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">126,106</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">617,879</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Total</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">3,509,422</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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</td>
<td class="text"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Accrued expenses and other current liabilities
consisted of the following as of the periods indicated:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">December&#160;31,</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">December&#160;31,</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">2024</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">2023</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 76%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Accrued research and development expense</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">1,799,583</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">1,799,583</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Accrued directors and officers (owners) compensation</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">1,025,867</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">1,018,253</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Accrued royalties</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">255,592</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">274,028</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Accrued compensation and employee benefits</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">126,106</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">29,138</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Others</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">302,274</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">427,350</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Total</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">3,509,422</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">3,548,352</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Short-Term Loans (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">3 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Mar. 31, 2025</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfShortTermDebtTextBlock', window );">Schedule of Short-Term Loans</a></td>
<td class="text"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Short-term loans consists of the following:</span><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">March&#160;31,</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">December&#160;31,</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">2025</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">2024</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 76%; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Cathay United Bank</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">169,407</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">200,252</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">CTBC Bank</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">602,000</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">610,000</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: justify; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Other individual</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">30,000</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">30,000</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: justify; padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Total</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">801,407</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">840,252</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  </table><span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Short-term loans consists of the following:</span><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">December&#160;31,</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">December&#160;31,</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">2024</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">2023</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 76%; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Cathay United Bank</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">200,252</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">245,250</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">CTBC Bank</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">610,000</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">654,000</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: justify; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Other individual</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">30,000</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-284"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: justify; padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Total</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">840,252</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of short-term debt arrangements (having initial terms of repayment within one year or the normal operating cycle, if longer) including: (1) description of the short-term debt arrangement; (2) identification of the lender or type of lender; (3) repayment terms; (4) weighted average interest rate; (5) carrying amount of funds borrowed under the specified short-term debt arrangement as of the balance sheet date; (6) description of the refinancing of a short-term obligation when that obligation is excluded from current liabilities in the balance sheet; and (7) amount of a short-term obligation that has been excluded from current liabilities in the balance sheet because of a refinancing of the obligation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(19))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Related Parties Transactions (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">3 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Mar. 31, 2025</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsAbstract', window );"><strong>Related Parties Transactions [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfRelatedPartyTransactionsTableTextBlock', window );">Schedule of Related Parties of the Company with whom Transactions</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The related parties of the company with whom
transactions are reported in these financial statements are as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr> <td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in; vertical-align: bottom; width: 30%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Name of entity or Individual</b></span></td> <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 1%; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; vertical-align: bottom; width: 69%; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Relationship with the Company and its subsidiaries</b></span></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">BioFirst Corporation (the &#8220;BioFirst&#8221;)</span></td> <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Entity controlled by controlling beneficiary shareholder of YuanGene</span></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top; "> <td style="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">BioFirst (Australia) Pty Ltd. (the &#8220;BioFirst (Australia)&#8221;)</span></td> <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">100% owned by BioFirst; Entity controlled by controlling beneficiary shareholder of YuanGene</span></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Rgene Corporation (the &#8220;Rgene&#8221;)</span></td> <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Shareholder of the Company; Entity controlled by controlling beneficiary shareholder of YuanGene; the Chairman of Rgene is Mr. Tsung-Shann Jiang</span></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top; "> <td style="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">GenePharm Inc. 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consisted of the following as of the periods indicated:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

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    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">December&#160;31,</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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  </table><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Due from related party- Current</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  </table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Due from related parties- Non-current, net</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 76%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">BioFirst (Australia) (3)</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">BioHopeKing Corporation (4)</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">120,210</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Total</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">1,014,193</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Less: allowance for expected credit losses accounts</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(1,014,193</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; padding-left: 0.125in"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Net</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-352"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-353"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  </table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(1) &#160;</span></td> <td><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">On June 16, 2022, the Company entered into a one-year convertible loan agreement with Rgene, with a principal amount of $1,000,000 and made $500,000 to Rgene which bears interest at 5% per annum for the use of working capital that, if fully converted, would result in ABVC owning an additional 6.4% of Rgene. The Company may convert the Note at any time into shares of Rgene&#8217;s common stock at either (i) a fixed conversion price equal to $1.00 per share or (ii) 20% discount of the stock price of the then most recent offering, whichever is lower; the conversion price is subject to adjustment as set forth in the Note. The Note includes standard events of default, as well as a cross-default provision pursuant to which a breach of the Service Agreement will trigger an event of default under the convertible note if not cured after 5 business days of written notice regarding the breach is provided. The loan was converted to Rgene&#8217;s common stock in May 2024 but the Company was not informed until April 2025. Please see detail discussion in Note 7.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the outstanding loan balance were $0 and $500,000; and accrued interest was $<span style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-355">0and</span> $63,819, respectively. Both principal and accrued interest were converted to Rgene&#8217;s common stocks.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company has other receivables amounted to $1,867 and $1,892, respectively, from Rgene due to daily operations.</span></p></td></tr> </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(2)</span></td> <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On December&#160;31, 2023, BioLite Taiwan entered into a loan agreement with BioFirst, with a principal amount of NTD 11,072,360 (approximately $337,707), which bears interest at 12% per annum for the use of working capital. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company entered into another loan agreement with BioFirst, with a principal amount of NTD 11,406,000 (approximately $347,883), which bears interest at 12% per annum for the use of working capital. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the outstanding loan balance were NTD 15,458,360 (approximately $465,297) and NTD 17,571,076 (approximately $535,918), respectively; accrued interests were$68,971 and $53,422, respectively. The Company has received NTD 2,080,000 (approximately $64,896) and $0 repayment during the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. </span></td></tr> </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(3)</span></td> <td><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">On July 1, 2020, the Company entered into a loan agreement with BioFirst (Australia) for $361,487 to properly record R&amp;D cost and tax refund allocation based on co-development contract executed on July 24, 2017. The loan was originally set to be mature on September 30, 2021 with an interest rate of 6.5% per annum, but on September 7, 2021, the Company entered into a loan agreement with BioFirst (Australia) for $67,873 to meet its new project needs. On July 27, 2021, the Company repaid a loan 249,975 to BioFirst (Australia). On December 1, 2021, the Company entered into a loan agreement with BioFirst (Australia) for $250,000 to increase the cost for upcoming projects. The loan will be matured on November 30, 2022 with an interest rate of 6.5% per annum. In 2022, the Company entered into several loan agreements with BioFirst (Australia) for a total amount of $507,000 to increase the cost for upcoming projects. &#160;During the first quarter of 2023, the Company entered into several loan agreements with BioFirst (Australia) for a total amount of $88,091 to increase the cost for upcoming projects. During the second quarter of 2023, the Company entered into several loan agreements with BioFirst (Australia) for a total amount of $25,500 to increase the cost for upcoming projects. All the loans period was twelve months with an interest rate of 6.5% per annum. For accounting purpose, the due from and due to related party balances was being net off. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the outstanding loan balances and allocated research fee were both amounted to $681,185, and accrued interest balances were both amounted $158,798.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The business conditions of BioFirst (Australia) deteriorated and, as a result, the Company recognized expected credit losses of $839,983 for the year ended December 31, 2023. The Company stopped accruing interest income recognizing such losses.</span></p></td></tr> </table><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(4)</span></td> <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On February 24, 2015, BioLite Taiwan and BioHopeKing Corporation (the &#8220;BHK&#8221;) entered into a co-development agreement, (the &#8220;BHK Co-Development Agreement&#8221;, see Note 4). The development costs shall be shared 50/50 between BHK and the Company. Under the term of the agreement, BioLite issued relevant development cost to BHK. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, due from BHK was both NTD 3,941,299 (approximately$118,633 and $120,210, respectively). The business conditions of BHK deteriorated and as a result, the Company recognized expected credit losses of NTD 3,941,299 as of December 31, 2024. No recovery was made during three months ended March 31, 2025.</span></td></tr> </table><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Amount due to related parties consisted of
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">March&#160;31,</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">December&#160;31,</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">2025</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">2024</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 76%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">AiBtl Holding (1)</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">348,219</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">348,219</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The Jiangs (2)</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">222,522</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">274,170</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Shareholders (3)</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">140,266</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">142,130</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Lion Art Promotions Inc (4)</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">65,738</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-354"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(1)</span></td> <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On April 11, 2024, May 10, 2024, August 15, 2024, and December 24, 2024, AiBtl received short-term loans from its founding shareholder, AiBtl Holding, for the principal amounts of $40,000, $60,000, $33,732, and $214,487, respectively, for the purpose of daily operations. These loans do not bear interest and are payable on demand. </span></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(2)</span></td> <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Since 2019, the Jiangs advanced funds to the Company for working capital purpose. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the outstanding balance due to the Jiangs amounted to $222,522 and $274,170, respectively. These loans bear no interest and are due on demand.</span></td></tr> </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(3)</span></td> <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Since 2018, the Company&#8217;s shareholders have advanced funds to the Company for working capital purpose. The advances bear interest rate around 12% per annum. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the outstanding principal and accrued interest was $140,266 and $142,130, respectively. Interest expenses in connection with these loans were $4,963 and $5,938 for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.</span></td></tr> </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -24.1pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(4)</span></td> <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Accrued consulting services fee for the three months ended March 31, 2025.</span></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(5)</span></td> <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, due to Directors amounted to $12,953 and $8,526, respectively, were related to the daily operating expenses since inception in 2023 paid by the Directors of AiBtl on behalf of the entity.</span></td></tr> </table><span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The related parties of the company with whom
transactions are reported in these financial statements are as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr> <td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; vertical-align: bottom; width: 30%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Name of entity or Individual</b></span></td> <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 1%; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; vertical-align: bottom; width: 69%; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Relationship with the Company and its subsidiaries</b></span></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">BioFirst Corporation (the &#8220;BioFirst&#8221;)</span></td> <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Entity controlled by controlling beneficiary shareholder of YuanGene</span></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top; "> <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">BioFirst (Australia) Pty Ltd. 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</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_ScheduleOfPursuantLicensingAgreementRelatedAmendmentTableTextBLock', window );">Schedule of Licensing Agreement and Related Amendment with FEYE</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">During the years ended December 31, 2024,
the Company received $296,000 in cash, pursuant to the licensing agreement and related amendment with FEYE, and recognized $296,000 revenue
correspondingly. In addition, the Company received $200,000 during the year ended December 31, 2024, pursuant to the licensing agreement
with OncoX, and recognized revenue correspondingly. Please refer to Note 4, Collaborative Agreements for details.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Year Ended<br/>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
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  </table><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_ScheduleOfAccountsReceivableDueFromRelatedPartiesTableTextBlock', window );">Schedule of Accounts Receivable Due from Related Parties</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Accounts receivable due from related parties
consisted of the following as of the periods indicated:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">2023</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">GenePharm Inc.</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-288"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;-</span></div></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-289"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="width: 76%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Rgene</span></td><td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 9%; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-290"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">10,463</span></td><td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; padding-left: 9pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Total</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-291"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">10,463</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  </table><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_ScheduleOfDueFromRelatedPartyCurrentAndNonCurrentTableTextBlock', window );">Schedule of Due from Related Party - Current and Non-current, Net</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Due from related party- Current</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>December&#160;31,</b></span></td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>December&#160;31,</b></span></td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2024</b></span></td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2023</b></span></td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <td style="width: 72%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Rgene (1)</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td>
    <td style="width: 11%; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">565,711</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td>
    <td style="width: 11%; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">541,486</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">BioFirst (2)</span></td>
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">589,340</span></td>
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">206,087</span></td>
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Total</span></td>
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 4.5pt double"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>$</b></span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 4.5pt double; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>1,155,051</b></span></td>
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 4.5pt double"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>$</b></span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 4.5pt double; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>747,573</b></span></td>
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Due from related parties- Non-current, net</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">December&#160;31,</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">December&#160;31,</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">2024</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">2023</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 76%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">BioFirst (Australia) (3)</span></td><td style="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">839,983</span></td><td style="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">839,983</span></td><td style="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">BioHopeKing Corporation (4)</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">120,210</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">113,516</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Total</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">1,014,193</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">953,499</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Less: allowance for expected credit losses accounts</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(1,014,193</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(839,983</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 4pt; padding-left: 9pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Net</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-292"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">113,516</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  </table>


<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 24px"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(1) &#160;</span></td> <td style="text-align: justify"><p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">On June 16, 2022, the Company entered into a one-year convertible loan agreement with Rgene, with a principal amount of $1,000,000 to Rgene which bears interest at 5% per annum for the use of working capital that, if fully converted, would result in ABVC owning an additional 6.4% of Rgene. The Company may convert the Note at any time into shares of Rgene&#8217;s common stock at either (i) a fixed conversion price equal to $1.00 per share or (ii) 20% discount of the stock price of the then most recent offering, whichever is lower; the conversion price is subject to adjustment as set forth in the Note. The Note includes standard events of default, as well as a cross-default provision pursuant to which a breach of the Service Agreement will trigger an event of default under the convertible note if not cured after 5 business days of written notice regarding the breach is provided.</span></p> <p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">As of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the outstanding loan balance were both $500,000; and accrued interest was $63,819 and $38,819, respectively.</span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p> <p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company has other receivables amounted $1,892 and $2,667, respectively, from Rgene due to daily operations.</span></p></td></tr>
</table>

<p style="margin: 0"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 24px"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(3)</span></td> <td><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">On July 1, 2020, the Company entered into a loan agreement with BioFirst (Australia) for $361,487 to properly record R&amp;D cost and tax refund allocation based on co-development contract executed on July 24, 2017. The loan was originally set to be mature on September 30, 2021 with an interest rate of 6.5% per annum, but on September 7, 2021, the Company entered into a loan agreement with BioFirst (Australia) for $67,873 to meet its new project needs. On July 27, 2021, the Company repaid a loan 249,975 to BioFirst (Australia). On December 1, 2021, the Company entered into a loan agreement with BioFirst (Australia) for $250,000 to increase the cost for upcoming projects. The loan will be matured on November 30, 2022 with an interest rate of 6.5% per annum. In 2022, the Company entered into several loan agreements with BioFirst (Australia) for a total amount of $507,000 to increase the cost for upcoming projects. &#160;During the first quarter of 2023, the Company entered into several loan agreements with BioFirst (Australia) for a total amount of $88,091 to increase the cost for upcoming projects. During the second quarter of 2023, the Company entered into several loan agreements with BioFirst (Australia) for a total amount of $25,500 to increase the cost for upcoming projects. All the loans period was twelve months with an interest rate of 6.5% per annum. For accounting purpose, the due from and due to related party balances was being net off. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the outstanding loan balances and allocated research fee were both amounted to $681,185, and accrued interest balances were both amounted $158,798.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The business conditions of BioFirst (Australia) deteriorated and, as a result, the Company recognized expected credit losses of $839,983 for the year ended December 31, 2023. The Company stopped accruing interest income recognizing such losses.</span></p></td></tr> </table><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 24px; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(4)</span></td> <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On February 24, 2015, BioLite Taiwan and BioHopeKing Corporation (the &#8220;BHK&#8221;) entered into a co-development agreement, (the &#8220;BHK Co-Development Agreement&#8221;, see Note 4). The development costs shall be shared 50/50 between BHK and the Company. Under the term of the agreement, BioLite issued relevant development cost to BHK. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, due from BHK was both NTD 3,941,299 (approximately $120,210 and $113,516, respectively). The business conditions of BHK deteriorated and as a result, the Company recognized expected credit losses of $120,210 for the year ended December 31, 2024. </span></td></tr> </table><span></span>
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<tr class="ro">
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Amount due to related parties consisted of
the following as of the periods indicated:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">December&#160;31,</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">December&#160;31,</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">2024</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">2023</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">AiBtl Holding (1)</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">348,219</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-293"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="width: 76%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The Jiangs (2)</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">274,170</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">19,789</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Shareholders (3)</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">142,130</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Directors (4)</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Total</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 24px; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(1)</span></td> <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On April 11, 2024, May 10, 2024, August 15, 2024, and December 24, 2024, AiBtl received short-term loans from its founding shareholder, AiBtl Holding, for the principal amounts of $40,000, $60,000, $33,732, and $214,487, respectively, for the purpose of daily operations. These loans do not bear interest and are payable on demand. </span></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(2)</span></td> <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Since 2019, the Jiangs advanced funds to the Company for working capital purpose. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the outstanding balance due to the Jiangs amounted to $274,170 and $19,789, respectively. These loans bear no interest and are due on demand.</span></td></tr> </table>

<p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 24px; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(3)</span></td> <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Since 2018, the Company&#8217;s shareholders have advanced funds to the Company for working capital purpose. The advances bear interest rate around 12% per annum. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the outstanding principal and accrued interest was $172,112 and $152,382, respectively. Interest expenses in connection with these loans were $21,101 and $20,094 for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.</span></td></tr> </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -24.1pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 24px; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(4)</span></td> <td style="text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, due to Directors amounted to $8,526 and $1,322, respectively, were related to the daily operating expenses in 2024 and entity setup fee in 2023 paid by the Directors of AiBtl on behalf of the entity.</span></td></tr> </table><span></span>
</td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of amount due to related parties.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of related party transactions. Examples of related party transactions include, but are not limited to, transactions between (a) a parent company and its subsidiary; (b) subsidiaries of a common parent; (c) and entity and its principal owners and (d) affiliates.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 850<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483326/850-10-50-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 850<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483326/850-10-50-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Income Taxes (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">3 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Mar. 31, 2025</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract', window );"><strong>Income Taxes [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfComponentsOfIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitTableTextBlock', window );">Schedule of Income Tax (Benefit) Expense</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Income tax
(benefit) expense for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 consisted of the following:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Year Ended<br/> December 31,</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">2024</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">2023</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Current:</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Federal</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-294"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-295"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">State</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-296"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-297"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 76%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Foreign</span></td><td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(110,539</span></td><td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td><td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">140,338</span></td><td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Total Current</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(110,539</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">140,338</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Deferred:</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Federal</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-298"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-299"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">State</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-300"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-301"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Foreign</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-302"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">115,668</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Total Deferred</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-303"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">115,668</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Total provision for income tax (benefit) expense</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(110,539</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">256,006</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  </table><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfDeferredTaxAssetsAndLiabilitiesTableTextBlock', window );">Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets (Liability)</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Deferred tax assets (liability)
as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024 consist approximately of:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">March&#160;31,</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">December&#160;31,</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">2025</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">2024</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 76%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Loss on impairment of assets</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">713,223</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">713,223</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Net operating loss carryforwards</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">5,870,805</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">5,677,413</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Operating lease liabilities</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">155,559</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">178,014</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Operating lease assets</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Deferred tax assets, gross</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">6,584,028</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">6,390,636</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Valuation allowance</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(6,584,028</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Deferred tax assets, net</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-356"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-357"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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<td class="text"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Deferred tax assets (liability)
as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 consist approximately of:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">December&#160;31,</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">December&#160;31,</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">2024</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">2023</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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    <td style="width: 76%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Loss on impairment of Assets</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">713,223</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">713,223</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Net operating loss carryforwards</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">5,677,413</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">5,018,343</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Operating lease liabilities</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">178,014</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">213,482</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Operating lease assets</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(178,014</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(213,482</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Deferred tax assets, Gross</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">6,390,636</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">5,731,566</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Valuation allowance</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(6,390,636</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(5,731,566</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Deferred tax assets, net</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-304"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-305"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of the components of income tax expense attributable to continuing operations for each year presented including, but not limited to: current tax expense (benefit), deferred tax expense (benefit), investment tax credits, government grants, the benefits of operating loss carryforwards, tax expense that results from allocating certain tax benefits either directly to contributed capital or to reduce goodwill or other noncurrent intangible assets of an acquired entity, adjustments of a deferred tax liability or asset for enacted changes in tax laws or rates or a change in the tax status of the entity, and adjustments of the beginning-of-the-year balances of a valuation allowance because of a change in circumstances that causes a change in judgment about the realizability of the related deferred tax asset in future years.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 9<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-9<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of the components of net deferred tax asset or liability recognized in an entity's statement of financial position, including the following: the total of all deferred tax liabilities, the total of all deferred tax assets, the total valuation allowance recognized for deferred tax assets.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Equity (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">3 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Mar. 31, 2025</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EquityAbstract', window );"><strong>Equity [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfStockholdersEquityNoteWarrantsOrRightsTextBlock', window );">Schedule of Warrants Issued and Outstanding</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Warrants issued and outstanding in connection
with above Lind convertible notes as of March 31, 2025, and their activities during the three-month period ended are as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

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text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">0.40</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">4.14</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">60,000</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr> </table>


<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 0in"></td><td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">*</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On January 5, 2025, the Company and Lind entered into a third letter agreement (the &#8220;December Letter Agreement&#8221;), pursuant to which Lind agreed to exercise for cash, 1,029,167 of the Existing Warrants to purchase shares of Common Stock, with a current exercise price of $0.75 per share, at a reduced exercise price of $0.40 per share. The weighted average exercise price per share as of December 31, 2024 was adjusted to the reduction accordingly.</span></td>
</tr></table><span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Warrants issued and outstanding in connection
with above Lind convertible notes as of December 31, 2024, and their activities during the year ended are as follows:</span></p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Number of<br/> Underlying<br/> Shares</b></span></td> <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Weighted-<br/> Average<br/> Exercise<br/> Price<br/> Per Share</b></span></td> <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; 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text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(1,500,000</span></td> <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td> <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-306"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">-</span></div></td> <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-307"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">-</span></div></td> <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-308"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">-</span></div></td> <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Outstanding as of December 31, 2024</span></td> <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="border-bottom: black 4.5pt double"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="border-bottom: black 4.5pt double; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2,029,167</span></td> <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td> <td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">0.70</span></td> <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">*</span></td> <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4.20</span></td> <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="border-bottom: black 4.5pt double"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td> <td style="border-bottom: black 4.5pt double; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; 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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">*</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">On January 5, 2025, the Company and Lind entered into a third letter agreement (the &#8220;December Letter Agreement&#8221;), pursuant to which Lind agreed to exercise for cash, 1,029,167 of the Existing Warrants to purchase shares of Common Stock, with a current exercise price of $0.75 per share, at a reduced exercise price of $0.40 per share. The weighted average exercise price per share as of December 31, 2024 was adjusted to the reduction accordingly.</span></td>
</tr></table><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
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<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EquityAbstract</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of warrants or rights issued. Warrants and rights outstanding are derivative securities that give the holder the right to purchase securities (usually equity) from the issuer at a specific price within a certain time frame. Warrants are often included in a new debt issue to entice investors by a higher return potential. The main difference between warrants and call options is that warrants are issued and guaranteed by the company, whereas options are exchange instruments and are not issued by the company. Also, the lifetime of a warrant is often measured in years, while the lifetime of a typical option is measured in months. Disclose the title of issue of securities called for by warrants and rights outstanding, the aggregate amount of securities called for by warrants and rights outstanding, the date from which the warrants or rights are exercisable, and the price at which the warrant or right is exercisable.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-3<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ScheduleOfStockholdersEquityNoteWarrantsOrRightsTextBlock</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Stock Options (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">3 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Mar. 31, 2025</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsSharebasedPaymentsAbstract', window );"><strong>Stock Options [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationStockOptionsActivityTableTextBlock', window );">Schedule of Options Issued and Outstanding</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Options issued and outstanding as of March
31, 2025, and their activities during the year then ended are as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Weighted-</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Weighted-</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Average</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Average</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Number&#160;of</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Exercise</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Contractual</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td colspan="2"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; 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font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Aggregate<br/> Intrinsic<br/> Value</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 52%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Outstanding as of January 1, 2025</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">258,710</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">27.9</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">6.74</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-366"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;-</span></div></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Granted</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-367"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-368"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-369"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; 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text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">-</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-372"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; 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text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">6.50</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-373"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Exercisable as of March 31, 2025</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">258,710</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">27.9</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">6.50</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-374"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Vested and expected to vest</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">258,710</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">27.9</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">6.50</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-375"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr> </table><span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Options issued and outstanding as of December
31, 2024, and their activities during the year then ended are as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure for stock option plans. Includes, but is not limited to, outstanding awards at beginning and end of year, grants, exercises, forfeitures, and weighted-average grant date fair value.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 718<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (e)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 718<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Loss Per Share (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">3 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Mar. 31, 2025</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareAbstract', window );"><strong>Loss Per Share [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">Diluted loss per share is computed by dividing
net loss by the weighted-average number of common shares and dilutive potential common shares outstanding during the three months ended
March 31, 2025 and 2024.<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Three Months &#160;Ended</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">March&#160;31,<br/> 2025</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">March&#160;31,<br/> 2024</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Numerator:</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 76%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Net loss attributable to ABVC&#8217;s common stockholders</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(842,075</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(2,834,199</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Denominator:</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Weighted-average shares outstanding &#8211; Basic &amp; Diluted</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">14,968,232</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">9,736,150</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Loss per share</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">-Basic &amp; Diluted</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(0.06</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(0.29</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td></tr>
  </table><span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">Diluted loss per share is computed by dividing
net loss by the weighted-average number of common shares and dilutive potential common shares outstanding during the years ended December
31, 2024 and 2023.<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>For
    the Year Ended</b></span></td>
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>December&#160;31,<br/>
    2024</b></span></td>
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>December&#160;31,<br/>
    2023</b></span></td>
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Numerator:</span></td>
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <td style="width: 78%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Net loss attributable to ABVC&#8217;s
    common stockholders</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td>
    <td style="width: 8%; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(4,902,878</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td>
    <td style="width: 8%; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(7,788,050</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Denominator:</span></td>
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Weighted-average shares outstanding &#8211; Basic
    &amp; Diluted</span></td>
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 4.5pt double"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 4.5pt double; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">11,673,980</span></td>
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 4.5pt double"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 4.5pt double; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4,335,650</span></td>
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Loss per share</span></td>
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">-Basic &amp; Diluted</span></td>
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 4.5pt double"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 4.5pt double; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(0.42</span></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td>
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 4.5pt double"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 4.5pt double; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(1.80</span></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td></tr>
  </table><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EarningsPerShareAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfEarningsPerShareBasicAndDilutedTableTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of an entity's basic and diluted earnings per share calculations, including a reconciliation of numerators and denominators of the basic and diluted per-share computations for income from continuing operations.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482662/260-10-50-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ScheduleOfEarningsPerShareBasicAndDilutedTableTextBlock</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:textBlockItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Lease (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">3 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Mar. 31, 2025</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LeasesAbstract', window );"><strong>Leases [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLeaseIncomeTableTextBlock', window );">Schedule of Operating Leases have Remaining Lease Terms</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The Company has no finance leases. The Company&#8217;s
leases primarily include various office and laboratory spaces, copy machine, and vehicles under various operating lease arrangements.
The Company&#8217;s operating leases have remaining lease terms of up to approximately five years.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">December&#160;31,<br/> 2024</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">December&#8239;31,<br/> 2023</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">ASSETS</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 76%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Operating lease right-of-use assets</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">640,387</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">809,283</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">LIABILITIES</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Operating lease liabilities (current)</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">403,581</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">401,826</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Operating lease liabilities (non-current)</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">236,807</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">407,457</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  </table><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LeaseCostTableTextBlock', window );">Schedule of Company&#8217;s Lease Expenses</a></td>
<td class="text"><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">March&#160;31,<br/> 2025</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">December&#8239;31,<br/> 2024</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">ASSETS</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 76%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Operating lease right-of-use assets</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">533,460</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">640,387</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">LIABILITIES</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Operating lease liabilities (current)</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">366,475</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">403,581</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Operating lease liabilities (non-current)</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">166,985</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">236,807</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  </table><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The following provides details of the Company&#8217;s
lease expenses:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Three Months Ended<br/> March 31,</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">2025</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">2024</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 76%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Operating lease expenses</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">117,166</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">98,502</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  </table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Other information related to leases is presented
below:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Three Months Ended<br/> March 31,</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">2025</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">2024</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 76%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of operating lease liabilities</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">117,166</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">98,502</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  </table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">March&#160;31,<br/> 2025</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">December&#160;31,<br/> 2024</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Weighted Average Remaining Lease Term:</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 76%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Operating leases</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.43 years</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.48 years</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Weighted Average Discount Rate:</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Operating leases</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">1.32</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">%</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">1.19</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">%</span></td></tr> </table><span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The following provides details of the Company&#8217;s
lease expenses:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Year Ended<br/> December 31,</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">2024</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">2023</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 76%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Operating lease expenses</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">514,420</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">358,576</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  </table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Other information related to leases is presented
below:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Year Ended<br/> December 31,</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">2024</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">2023</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 76%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of operating lease liabilities</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">484,181</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">358,576</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  </table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">December&#160;31,<br/> 2024</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">December&#160;31,<br/> 2023</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Weighted Average Remaining Lease Term:</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 76%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Operating leases</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.48 years</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1.73 years</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Weighted Average Discount Rate:</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Operating leases</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">1.19</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">%</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td> <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">1.50</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">%</span></td></tr> </table><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityMaturityTableTextBlock', window );">Schedule of Minimum Future Annual Payments Under Non-Cancellable Leases</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The minimum future annual payments under non-cancellable
leases during the next five years and thereafter, at rates now in force, are as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Operating<br/> leases</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 88%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">2025 (Excluding current period)</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">302,071</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">2026</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">104,849</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">2027</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">46,699</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">2028</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">46,699</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">2029</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">46,699</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Thereafter</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-380"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Total future minimum lease payments, undiscounted</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">547,017</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Less: Imputed interest</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Present value of future minimum lease payments</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">533,460</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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</td>
<td class="text"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The minimum future annual payments under non-cancellable
leases during the next five years and thereafter, at rates now in force, are as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
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    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Operating<br/>
    leases</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 88%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">2025</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">409,587</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">2026</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">104,236</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">2027</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">47,320</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">2028</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">47,320</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">2029</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">47,320</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Thereafter</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-323"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Total future minimum lease payments, undiscounted</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">655,782</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Less: Imputed interest</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(15,395</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Present value of future minimum lease payments</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">640,387</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of lessee's lease cost. Includes, but is not limited to, interest expense for finance lease, amortization of right-of-use asset for finance lease, operating lease cost, short-term lease cost, variable lease cost and sublease income.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478964/842-20-50-4<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of undiscounted cash flows of lessee's operating lease liability. Includes, but is not limited to, reconciliation of undiscounted cash flows to operating lease liability recognized in statement of financial position.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478964/842-20-50-6<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of components of income from operating lease.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 5<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479773/842-30-50-5<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 270<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6A<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482964/270-10-50-6A<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Acquisition (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AssetAcquisitionAbstract', window );"><strong>Acquisition [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfRecognizedIdentifiedAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedTableTextBlock', window );">Schedule of Acquisition was Accounted for Business Combination</a></td>
<td class="text">The equity interest transferred to ABVC and BioLite Taiwan on December
15, 2023.<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Cash and cash equivalents</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Total assets acquired</span></td><td><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-325"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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    <td style="width: 88%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Accrued expense</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">(243,888</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">)</span></td></tr>
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    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Due to Director</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Total liabilities acquired</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; ">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">Total consideration (Intangible assets)</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-326"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">-</span></div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of asset acquired and liability assumed in business combination and recognized at acquisition date.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 805<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479907/805-20-50-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 805<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479907/805-20-50-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ScheduleOfRecognizedIdentifiedAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedTableTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>163
<FILENAME>R40.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Organization and Description of Business (Details) - USD ($)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">3 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Nov. 12, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Mar. 31, 2025</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Aug. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2023</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SubsidiaryOrEquityMethodInvesteeLineItems', window );"><strong>Organization and Description of Business[Line items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_BenefitsReceivableForMilestoneAttained', window );">Eligible to receive amount (in Dollars)</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 3,500,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 3,500,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 3,500,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_PercentageOfRoyaltiesEqualing', window );">Percentage of royalties equaling</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">5.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">5.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_AcquisitionForNetSales', window );">Net sales (in Dollars)</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 100,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 100,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 100,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues', window );">Received shares (in Shares)</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">399,384<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis=abvc_BioLiteBVIIncMember', window );">BioLite BVI, Inc. [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SubsidiaryOrEquityMethodInvesteeLineItems', window );"><strong>Organization and Description of Business[Line items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage', window );">Ownership percentage</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">73.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis=abvc_BioLiteTaiwanMember', window );">BioLite Taiwan [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SubsidiaryOrEquityMethodInvesteeLineItems', window );"><strong>Organization and Description of Business[Line items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage', window );">Ownership percentage</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">90.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis=abvc_ShulingJiangMember', window );">Shuling Jiang [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SubsidiaryOrEquityMethodInvesteeLineItems', window );"><strong>Organization and Description of Business[Line items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage', window );">Ownership percentage</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">10.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis=abvc_ABVCAndBioLiteTaiwanMember', window );">ABVC and BioLite Taiwan [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SubsidiaryOrEquityMethodInvesteeLineItems', window );"><strong>Organization and Description of Business[Line items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesOther', window );">Received shares (in Shares)</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">23,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues', window );">Received shares (in Shares)</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">23,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_OwnershipAxis=abvc_ABVCMember', window );">ABVC [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SubsidiaryOrEquityMethodInvesteeLineItems', window );"><strong>Organization and Description of Business[Line items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_MinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent', window );">Subsidiary ownership percentage</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">100.00%<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SubsidiaryOfLimitedLiabilityCompanyOrLimitedPartnershipOwnershipInterest', window );">Ownership percentage</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">100.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_OwnershipAxis=abvc_BioLiteBVIIncMember', window );">BioLite BVI, Inc. [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SubsidiaryOrEquityMethodInvesteeLineItems', window );"><strong>Organization and Description of Business[Line items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SubsidiaryOfLimitedLiabilityCompanyOrLimitedPartnershipState', window );">Incorporated state</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">British Virgin Islands<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SubsidiaryOfLimitedLiabilityCompanyOrLimitedPartnershipOwnershipInterest', window );">Ownership percentage</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">73.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_OwnershipAxis=abvc_BioLiteTaiwanMember', window );">BioLite Taiwan [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SubsidiaryOrEquityMethodInvesteeLineItems', window );"><strong>Organization and Description of Business[Line items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_MinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent', window );">Subsidiary ownership percentage</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">90.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">90.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SubsidiaryOfLimitedLiabilityCompanyOrLimitedPartnershipOwnershipInterest', window );">Ownership percentage</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">90.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_OwnershipAxis=abvc_ShulingJiangMember', window );">Shuling Jiang [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SubsidiaryOrEquityMethodInvesteeLineItems', window );"><strong>Organization and Description of Business[Line items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_MinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent', window );">Subsidiary ownership percentage</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">10.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">10.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SubsidiaryOfLimitedLiabilityCompanyOrLimitedPartnershipOwnershipInterest', window );">Ownership percentage</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">10.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_OwnershipAxis=abvc_AiBtlHoldingMember', window );">AiBtl [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SubsidiaryOrEquityMethodInvesteeLineItems', window );"><strong>Organization and Description of Business[Line items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_MinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent', window );">Subsidiary ownership percentage</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">58.85%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_abvc_AcquisitionForNetSales">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The amount of acquisition for net sales.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">abvc_AcquisitionForNetSales</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>abvc_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_abvc_BenefitsReceivableForMilestoneAttained">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount receivable for certain milestone are met  and eligible to receive.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">abvc_BenefitsReceivableForMilestoneAttained</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>abvc_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_abvc_PercentageOfRoyaltiesEqualing">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The percentage of royalties equaling.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">abvc_PercentageOfRoyaltiesEqualing</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>abvc_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The percentage of ownership of common stock or equity participation in the investee accounted for under the equity method of accounting.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 825<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (f)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482907/825-10-50-28<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 323<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (a)(1)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481687/323-10-50-3<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_MinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The parent entity's interest in net assets of the subsidiary, expressed as a percentage.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_MinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of new stock issued during the period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 505<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(28))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 505<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478448/946-505-50-2<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-09(4)(b))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479134/946-220-S99-3<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-03(i)(1))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479886/946-10-S99-3<br><br>Reference 7: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480008/505-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesOther">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of shares of stock issued attributable to transactions classified as other.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesOther</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_SubsidiaryOfLimitedLiabilityCompanyOrLimitedPartnershipOwnershipInterest">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The number of units or percentage investment held in the subsidiary by the limited liability company or limited partnership.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SubsidiaryOfLimitedLiabilityCompanyOrLimitedPartnershipOwnershipInterest</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_SubsidiaryOfLimitedLiabilityCompanyOrLimitedPartnershipState">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>State in which the subsidiary of the limited liability company or limited partnership was organized.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SubsidiaryOfLimitedLiabilityCompanyOrLimitedPartnershipState</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_SubsidiaryOrEquityMethodInvesteeLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SubsidiaryOrEquityMethodInvesteeLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis=abvc_BioLiteBVIIncMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis=abvc_BioLiteBVIIncMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis=abvc_BioLiteTaiwanMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis=abvc_BioLiteTaiwanMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis=abvc_ShulingJiangMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis=abvc_ShulingJiangMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis=abvc_ABVCAndBioLiteTaiwanMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis=abvc_ABVCAndBioLiteTaiwanMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_OwnershipAxis=abvc_ABVCMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_OwnershipAxis=abvc_ABVCMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_OwnershipAxis=abvc_BioLiteBVIIncMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
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<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_OwnershipAxis=abvc_BioLiteBVIIncMember</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_OwnershipAxis=abvc_BioLiteTaiwanMember</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_OwnershipAxis=abvc_ShulingJiangMember</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>164
<FILENAME>R41.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Liquidity, Going Concern, and Restatement (Details) - USD ($)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">1 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">3 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="4">12 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Aug. 14, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2019</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Mar. 31, 2025</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Mar. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Mar. 31, 2025</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Mar. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2022</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_LiquidityGoingConcernandRestatementDetailsLineItems', window );"><strong>Liquidity, Going Concern, and Restatement [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAvailableToCommonStockholdersBasic', window );">Net loss</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 944,190<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 5,259,037<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_WorkingCapitalDeficit', window );">Working capital deficit</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">5,261,178<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">4,377,646<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities', window );">Cash outflows from operating activities</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (539,833)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (955,816)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (1,809,145)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (4,186,848)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesIssuanceOfCommonSharesForAcquisitionOfProperty', window );">Issuance of common shares (in Shares)</a></td>
<td class="nump">370,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharesIssuedPricePerShare', window );">Shares issued per share (in Dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 20<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1.87<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1.87<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1.87<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesAcquisitions', window );">Number of shares issued for asset acquisition (in Shares)</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">370,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">370,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAuthorized', window );">Shares of common stock issued (in Shares)</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">29,600<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">29,600<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">29,600<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Assets', window );">Assets</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 14,875,699<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 14,875,699<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 7,539,907<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">7,784,499<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InterestExpenseOther', window );">Interest expenses</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 773,139<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,233,284<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_StockBasedExpensesAmortizationPeriod', window );">Stock-based expenses amortization period</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">5 years<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">5 years<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense', window );">Stock-compensation expense</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">48,773<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 451,480<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 2,031,631<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">902,960<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityNoteSubscriptionsReceivable', window );">Stock subscription receivables</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,354,440<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=abvc_ZhonghuiMember', window );">Zhonghui [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_LiquidityGoingConcernandRestatementDetailsLineItems', window );"><strong>Liquidity, Going Concern, and Restatement [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RealEstateOwnedValuationAllowance', window );">Valuation amount</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 7,400,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 7,400,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 7,400,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=abvc_PostSplitMember', window );">Post-Split [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_LiquidityGoingConcernandRestatementDetailsLineItems', window );"><strong>Liquidity, Going Concern, and Restatement [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockSplits', window );">Share issued for post split (in Shares)</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">644,972<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_RangeAxis=srt_MaximumMember', window );">Maximum [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_LiquidityGoingConcernandRestatementDetailsLineItems', window );"><strong>Liquidity, Going Concern, and Restatement [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharesIssuedPricePerShare', window );">Shares issued per share (in Dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 20<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 20<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 20<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_RangeAxis=srt_MinimumMember', window );">Minimum [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_LiquidityGoingConcernandRestatementDetailsLineItems', window );"><strong>Liquidity, Going Concern, and Restatement [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharesIssuedPricePerShare', window );">Shares issued per share (in Dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1.87<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1.87<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1.87<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_RestatementAxis=srt_RestatementAdjustmentMember', window );">Revision of Prior Period, Adjustment [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_LiquidityGoingConcernandRestatementDetailsLineItems', window );"><strong>Liquidity, Going Concern, and Restatement [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAvailableToCommonStockholdersBasic', window );">Net loss</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,053,355<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities', window );">Cash outflows from operating activities</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(353,815)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Assets', window );">Assets</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (6,484,392)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (6,484,392)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(6,708,100)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpenseNetOfTax', window );">Stock-compensation expense</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">536,648<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InterestExpenseOther', window );">Interest expenses</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,179,669<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_OwnershipAxis=abvc_ZhongHuiLianHeJiTuanLtdMember', window );">Zhong Hui Lian He Ji Tuan, Ltd. [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_LiquidityGoingConcernandRestatementDetailsLineItems', window );"><strong>Liquidity, Going Concern, and Restatement [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_MinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent', window );">Percentage of ownership</a></td>
<td class="nump">20.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_OwnershipAxis=abvc_AiBtlBioPharmaIncMember', window );">AiBtl BioPharma, Inc [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_LiquidityGoingConcernandRestatementDetailsLineItems', window );"><strong>Liquidity, Going Concern, and Restatement [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_MinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent', window );">Percentage of ownership</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">100.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_OwnershipAxis=abvc_AiBtlBioPharmaIncMember', window );">AiBtl BioPharma, Inc [Member] | Maximum [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_LiquidityGoingConcernandRestatementDetailsLineItems', window );"><strong>Liquidity, Going Concern, and Restatement [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_MinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent', window );">Percentage of ownership</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">100.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">100.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_OwnershipAxis=abvc_AiBtlBioPharmaIncMember', window );">AiBtl BioPharma, Inc [Member] | Minimum [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_LiquidityGoingConcernandRestatementDetailsLineItems', window );"><strong>Liquidity, Going Concern, and Restatement [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_MinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent', window );">Percentage of ownership</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">69.70%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">69.70%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_abvc_LiquidityGoingConcernandRestatementDetailsLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">abvc_LiquidityGoingConcernandRestatementDetailsLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>abvc_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_abvc_StockBasedExpensesAmortizationPeriod">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Duration of Stock-based expenses amortization period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">abvc_StockBasedExpensesAmortizationPeriod</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>abvc_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:durationItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_abvc_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesIssuanceOfCommonSharesForAcquisitionOfProperty">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The number of shares issuance of common stock for acquiring of property.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">abvc_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesIssuanceOfCommonSharesForAcquisitionOfProperty</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>abvc_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_abvc_WorkingCapitalDeficit">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Working capital deficit value.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">abvc_WorkingCapitalDeficit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>abvc_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of expense for award under share-based payment arrangement. Excludes amount capitalized.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479983/718-10-S45-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 14.F)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479830/718-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (h)(1)(i)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpenseNetOfTax">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, after tax, of expense for award under share-based payment arrangement.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (h)(1)(i)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpenseNetOfTax</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_Assets">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of asset recognized for present right to economic benefit.</p></div>
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(a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481404/852-10-50-7<br><br>Reference 36: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 30<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-30<br><br>Reference 37: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-03(11))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478546/942-210-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_Assets</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_InterestExpenseOther">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of interest expense classified as other.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_InterestExpenseOther</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_MinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The parent entity's interest in net assets of the subsidiary, expressed as a percentage.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_MinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash inflow (outflow) from operating activity, including, but not limited to, discontinued operation. Operating activity includes, but is not limited to, transaction, adjustment, and change in value not defined as investing or financing activity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-28<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 24<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-24<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 25<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-25<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAvailableToCommonStockholdersBasic">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, after deduction of tax, noncontrolling interests, dividends on preferred stock and participating securities; of income (loss) available to common shareholders.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482662/260-10-50-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483443/250-10-50-4<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 480<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479857/480-10-S50-3<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 480<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S45<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479887/480-10-S45-3<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 480<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 3A<br> -Subparagraph (24)(d)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480244/480-10-S99-3A<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 105<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 65<br> -Paragraph 9<br> -Subparagraph (e)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479343/105-10-65-9<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 805<br> -SubTopic 60<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 65<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (g)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147476176/805-60-65-1<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483443/250-10-50-3<br><br>Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 11<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483443/250-10-50-11<br><br>Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 11<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483443/250-10-50-11<br><br>Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 5<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 6.B)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483621/220-10-S99-5<br><br>Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482689/260-10-45-10<br><br>Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 11<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482689/260-10-45-11<br><br>Reference 14: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 60B<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482689/260-10-45-60B<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAvailableToCommonStockholdersBasic</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RealEstateOwnedValuationAllowance">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>For each period for which an income statement is required, disclosure of the changes in the allowance, including balances at end of period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-03(10)(4))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478546/942-210-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RealEstateOwnedValuationAllowance</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAuthorized">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of shares authorized for issuance under share-based payment arrangement.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)(3)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAuthorized</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_SharesIssuedPricePerShare">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Per share or per unit amount of equity securities issued.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SharesIssuedPricePerShare</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesAcquisitions">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of shares of stock issued during the period pursuant to acquisitions.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(28))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480008/505-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesAcquisitions</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockSplits">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of shares issued during the period as a result of a stock split.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 505<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(28))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480008/505-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockSplits</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityNoteSubscriptionsReceivable">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Note received instead of cash as contribution to equity. The transaction may be a sale of capital stock or a contribution to paid-in capital.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(28))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(30))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 310<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477802/946-310-45-1<br><br>Reference 5: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481142/505-10-45-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockholdersEquityNoteSubscriptionsReceivable</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=abvc_ZhonghuiMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=abvc_ZhonghuiMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=abvc_PostSplitMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=abvc_PostSplitMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_RangeAxis=srt_MaximumMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_RangeAxis=srt_MaximumMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_RangeAxis=srt_MinimumMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_RangeAxis=srt_MinimumMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_RestatementAxis=srt_RestatementAdjustmentMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_RestatementAxis=srt_RestatementAdjustmentMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_OwnershipAxis=abvc_ZhongHuiLianHeJiTuanLtdMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_OwnershipAxis=abvc_ZhongHuiLianHeJiTuanLtdMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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</table></div>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_OwnershipAxis=abvc_AiBtlBioPharmaIncMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_OwnershipAxis=abvc_AiBtlBioPharmaIncMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>165
<FILENAME>R42.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="2" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Liquidity, Going Concern, and Restatement - Schedule of Impact of the Restatement (Details) - USD ($)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">3 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="3">12 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Mar. 31, 2025</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Mar. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2022</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_CondensedFinancialStatementsCaptionsLineItems', window );"><strong>Condensed Financial Statements, Captions [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ConstructionInProgressGross', window );">Property and equipment, net</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 569,278<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsNoncurrent', window );">Prepayment for asset acquisition</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">$ 691,900<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 691,900<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">691,900<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Assets', window );">Total Assets</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">14,875,699<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">7,539,907<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">7,784,499<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccountsPayableAndOtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent', window );">Accrued expenses and other current liabilities</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">3,826,819<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,509,422<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,548,352<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ConvertibleNotesPayable', window );">Convertible notes payable &#8211; third parties, net</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">886,522<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent', window );">Current Liabilities</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">6,730,739<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">6,557,461<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">6,101,889<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Liabilities', window );">Total Liabilities</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">6,919,404<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">6,815,948<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">6,531,026<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalCommonStock', window );">Additional paid-in capital</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">73,978,380<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquity', window );">Total stockholders&#8217; equity</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">5,404,386<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,226,140<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,554,110<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_MinorityInterest', window );">Noncontrolling interest</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">2,551,909<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(502,181)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(300,637)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest', window );">Total Equity</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">7,956,295<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,458,470<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">723,959<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,253,473<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">$ 3,236,139<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity', window );">Total Liabilities and Equity</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">14,875,699<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">7,539,907<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">7,784,499<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation', window );">Stock based compensation</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">48,773<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,031,631<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,773,460<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">185,933<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InterestExpense', window );">Interest expenses</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(1,313,671)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest', window );">Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="num">(102,115)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(93,468)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(356,159)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(492,794)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProfitLoss', window );">Net loss</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="num">$ (944,190)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (2,927,667)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (5,259,037)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (8,280,844)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasic', window );">Basic net loss per common share (in Dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="num">$ (0.06)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (0.29)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (0.42)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (1.8)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareDiluted', window );">Diluted net loss per common share (in Dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="num">$ (0.06)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (0.29)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (0.42)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (1.8)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProfitLoss', window );">Net income (loss)</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="num">$ (944,190)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (2,927,667)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (5,259,037)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (8,280,844)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation', window );">Stock-based compensation</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">48,773<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,031,631<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,773,460<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">185,933<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherNoncashIncomeExpense', window );">Other non-cash income and expenses</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">210,040<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">176,283<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">532,769<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,244,245<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccruedLiabilitiesAndOtherOperatingLiabilities', window );">Accrued expenses and other current liabilities</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">40,113<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(43,605)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">152,819<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">638,762<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInDueToRelatedParties', window );">Due to related parties</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesContinuingOperations', window );">Net cash used in operating activities</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(4,186,848)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromRepaymentsOfRelatedPartyDebt', window );">Due to related parties</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">599,552<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(186,499)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_ProceedsFromSubsidiarysCommonStockSubscription', window );">Proceeds from subsidiary&#8217;s executive contribution</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">137,500<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivitiesContinuingOperations', window );">Net cash provided by financing activities</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,869,961<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_EffectOfExchangeRateChangeOnCashAndCashEquivalentsAndRestrictedCash', window );">Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,123<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_PurchaseOfPropertyAndEquipmentByIssuingCommonStockToAThirdParty', window );">Purchase of Property and equipment by issuing common stock to a third party</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_PrepaymentOfAssetAcquisitionByIssuingCommonStockToAThirdParty', window );">Prepayment for asset acquisition by issuing common stock to a third party</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">691,900<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_IssuanceOfCommonStockForConversionOfDebt', window );">Issuance of common stock for conversion of debt</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">47,579<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">467,574<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">593,714<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,786,686<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=us-gaap_RelatedPartyMember', window );">Related Party [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_CondensedFinancialStatementsCaptionsLineItems', window );"><strong>Condensed Financial Statements, Captions [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesCurrent', window );">Due to related parties</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">$ 819,384<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 773,045<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">173,493<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_RestatementAxis=srt_ScenarioPreviouslyReportedMember', window );">As Reported [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_CondensedFinancialStatementsCaptionsLineItems', window );"><strong>Condensed Financial Statements, Captions [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ConstructionInProgressGross', window );">Property and equipment, net</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">7,949,150<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">7,969,278<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsNoncurrent', window );">Prepayment for asset acquisition</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Assets', window );">Total Assets</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">14,460,402<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">14,492,599<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccountsPayableAndOtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent', window );">Accrued expenses and other current liabilities</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">4,050,845<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,696,380<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ConvertibleNotesPayable', window );">Convertible notes payable &#8211; third parties, net</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">842,567<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">569,456<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent', window );">Current Liabilities</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">6,633,614<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">5,932,490<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Liabilities', window );">Total Liabilities</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">6,973,447<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">6,361,627<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalCommonStock', window );">Additional paid-in capital</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">86,029,237<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">82,636,966<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquity', window );">Total stockholders&#8217; equity</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">7,792,076<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">8,388,050<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_MinorityInterest', window );">Noncontrolling interest</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(305,121)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(257,078)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest', window );">Total Equity</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">7,486,955<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">8,130,972<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity', window );">Total Liabilities and Equity</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">14,460,402<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">14,492,599<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation', window );">Stock based compensation</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,544,995<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,635,708<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InterestExpense', window );">Interest expenses</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(684,683)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(2,493,340)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest', window );">Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (48,043)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(394,632)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProfitLoss', window );">Net loss</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (10,910,288)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasic', window );">Basic net loss per common share (in Dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (0.4)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (2.43)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareDiluted', window );">Diluted net loss per common share (in Dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (0.4)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (2.43)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProfitLoss', window );">Net income (loss)</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (10,910,288)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation', window );">Stock-based compensation</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 2,544,995<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,635,708<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherNoncashIncomeExpense', window );">Other non-cash income and expenses</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">672,016<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,413,746<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccruedLiabilitiesAndOtherOperatingLiabilities', window );">Accrued expenses and other current liabilities</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">354,465<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">786,793<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInDueToRelatedParties', window );">Due to related parties</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">128,840<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(186,860)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesContinuingOperations', window );">Net cash used in operating activities</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(4,235,845)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromRepaymentsOfRelatedPartyDebt', window );">Due to related parties</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_ProceedsFromSubsidiarysCommonStockSubscription', window );">Proceeds from subsidiary&#8217;s executive contribution</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivitiesContinuingOperations', window );">Net cash provided by financing activities</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,918,960<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_EffectOfExchangeRateChangeOnCashAndCashEquivalentsAndRestrictedCash', window );">Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(260,783)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,125<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_PurchaseOfPropertyAndEquipmentByIssuingCommonStockToAThirdParty', window );">Purchase of Property and equipment by issuing common stock to a third party</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">7,400,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_PrepaymentOfAssetAcquisitionByIssuingCommonStockToAThirdParty', window );">Prepayment for asset acquisition by issuing common stock to a third party</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_IssuanceOfCommonStockForConversionOfDebt', window );">Issuance of common stock for conversion of debt</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">681,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,306,112<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_RestatementAxis=srt_ScenarioPreviouslyReportedMember', window );">As Reported [Member] | Related Party [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_CondensedFinancialStatementsCaptionsLineItems', window );"><strong>Condensed Financial Statements, Captions [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesCurrent', window );">Due to related parties</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">301,972<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">173,132<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_RestatementAxis=srt_RestatementAdjustmentMember', window );">Adjustments [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_CondensedFinancialStatementsCaptionsLineItems', window );"><strong>Condensed Financial Statements, Captions [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ConstructionInProgressGross', window );">Property and equipment, net</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(7,400,000)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(7,400,000)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsNoncurrent', window );">Prepayment for asset acquisition</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">691,900<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">691,900<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Assets', window );">Total Assets</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(6,484,392)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(6,708,100)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccountsPayableAndOtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent', window );">Accrued expenses and other current liabilities</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(605,178)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(148,028)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ConvertibleNotesPayable', window );">Convertible notes payable &#8211; third parties, net</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">29,769<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">317,066<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent', window );">Current Liabilities</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(455,908)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">169,399<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Liabilities', window );">Total Liabilities</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(455,908)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">169,399<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalCommonStock', window );">Additional paid-in capital</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(9,025,036)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(8,658,586)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquity', window );">Total stockholders&#8217; equity</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(6,092,525)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(6,833,940)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_MinorityInterest', window );">Noncontrolling interest</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">64,040<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(43,559)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest', window );">Total Equity</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(6,028,485)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(6,877,499)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity', window );">Total Liabilities and Equity</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(6,484,393)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(6,708,100)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation', window );">Stock based compensation</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(513,364)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(1,449,775)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InterestExpense', window );">Interest expenses</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">503,007<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,179,669<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest', window );">Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (45,425)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(98,162)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProfitLoss', window );">Net loss</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 2,629,444<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasic', window );">Basic net loss per common share (in Dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.11<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.63<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareDiluted', window );">Diluted net loss per common share (in Dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.11<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.63<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProfitLoss', window );">Net income (loss)</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 2,629,444<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation', window );">Stock-based compensation</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (513,364)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(1,449,775)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherNoncashIncomeExpense', window );">Other non-cash income and expenses</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(495,736)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(1,169,501)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccruedLiabilitiesAndOtherOperatingLiabilities', window );">Accrued expenses and other current liabilities</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(398,070)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(148,031)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInDueToRelatedParties', window );">Due to related parties</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(128,840)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">186,860<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesContinuingOperations', window );">Net cash used in operating activities</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(48,997)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromRepaymentsOfRelatedPartyDebt', window );">Due to related parties</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(186,499)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_ProceedsFromSubsidiarysCommonStockSubscription', window );">Proceeds from subsidiary&#8217;s executive contribution</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">137,500<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivitiesContinuingOperations', window );">Net cash provided by financing activities</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(48,999)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_EffectOfExchangeRateChangeOnCashAndCashEquivalentsAndRestrictedCash', window );">Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">234,674<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(2)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_PurchaseOfPropertyAndEquipmentByIssuingCommonStockToAThirdParty', window );">Purchase of Property and equipment by issuing common stock to a third party</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(7,400,000)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_PrepaymentOfAssetAcquisitionByIssuingCommonStockToAThirdParty', window );">Prepayment for asset acquisition by issuing common stock to a third party</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">691,600<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_IssuanceOfCommonStockForConversionOfDebt', window );">Issuance of common stock for conversion of debt</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">213,426<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(1,519,426)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_RestatementAxis=srt_RestatementAdjustmentMember', window );">Adjustments [Member] | Related Party [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_CondensedFinancialStatementsCaptionsLineItems', window );"><strong>Condensed Financial Statements, Captions [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesCurrent', window );">Due to related parties</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 89,502<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 361<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="7"></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="7"><table class="outerFootnotes" width="100%"><tr class="outerFootnote">
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 12pt;" valign="top">[1]</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;" valign="top"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-size: 10pt">Due to related parties previously reported amount was reclassified to financing activities based on current year&#8217;s presentation.</span></td>
</tr></table></td></tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_abvc_EffectOfExchangeRateChangeOnCashAndCashEquivalentsAndRestrictedCash">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">abvc_EffectOfExchangeRateChangeOnCashAndCashEquivalentsAndRestrictedCash</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>abvc_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_abvc_IssuanceOfCommonStockForConversionOfDebt">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Issuance of common stock for conversion of debt.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">abvc_IssuanceOfCommonStockForConversionOfDebt</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>abvc_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_abvc_PrepaymentOfAssetAcquisitionByIssuingCommonStockToAThirdParty">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of prepayment of asset acquisition by issuing common stock to a third party.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">abvc_PrepaymentOfAssetAcquisitionByIssuingCommonStockToAThirdParty</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>abvc_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_abvc_ProceedsFromSubsidiarysCommonStockSubscription">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of proceeds from subsidiary's common stock subscription.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">abvc_ProceedsFromSubsidiarysCommonStockSubscription</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>abvc_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_abvc_PurchaseOfPropertyAndEquipmentByIssuingCommonStockToAThirdParty">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of purchase of property and equipment by issuing common stock to a third party.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">abvc_PurchaseOfPropertyAndEquipmentByIssuingCommonStockToAThirdParty</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>abvc_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_CondensedFinancialStatementsCaptionsLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Name Regulation S-X (SX)<br> -Number 210<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection 04<br> -Paragraph a<br> -Publisher SEC<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Name Regulation S-X (SX)<br> -Number 210<br> -Section 5<br> -Subsection 04<br> -Paragraph c<br> -Subparagraph Schedule I<br> -Publisher SEC<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Name Regulation S-X (SX)<br> -Number 210<br> -Section 7<br> -Subsection 05<br> -Paragraph c<br> -Subparagraph Schedule II<br> -Publisher SEC<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Name Regulation S-X (SX)<br> -Number 210<br> -Section 9<br> -Subsection 06<br> -Publisher SEC<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 235<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477314/942-235-S99-2<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480738/235-10-S50-4<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.12-04(a))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-3<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/recommendedDisclosureRef<br> -Topic 810<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 11<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481231/810-10-45-11<br><br>Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 205<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 7<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 1.B.2)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480922/205-10-S99-7<br><br>Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 205<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481003/205-10-S50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_CondensedFinancialStatementsCaptionsLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>srt_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AccountsPayableAndOtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of liabilities incurred to vendors for goods and services received, and accrued liabilities classified as other, payable within one year or the normal operating cycle, if longer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AccountsPayableAndOtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalCommonStock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Value received from shareholders in common stock-related transactions that are in excess of par value or stated value and amounts received from other stock-related transactions. Includes only common stock transactions (excludes preferred stock transactions). May be called contributed capital, capital in excess of par, capital surplus, or paid-in capital.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(30)(a)(1))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalCommonStock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_Assets">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of asset recognized for present right to economic benefit.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 235<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-05(b)(1))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477314/942-235-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 235<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478671/942-235-S50-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480738/235-10-S50-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_Assets</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ConstructionInProgressGross">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of structure or a modification to a structure under construction. Includes recently completed structures or modifications to structures that have not been placed into service.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 360<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482099/360-10-50-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ConstructionInProgressGross</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ConvertibleNotesPayable">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Including the current and noncurrent portions, carrying value as of the balance sheet date of a written promise to pay a note, initially due after one year or beyond the operating cycle if longer, which can be exchanged for a specified amount of one or more securities (typically common stock), at the option of the issuer or the holder.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(22))<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 210<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-03(16))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478546/942-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(16)(a)(2))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478777/944-210-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ConvertibleNotesPayable</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasic">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The amount of net income (loss) for the period per each share of common stock or unit outstanding during the reporting period.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasic</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareDiluted">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The amount of net income (loss) for the period available to each share of common stock or common unit outstanding during the reporting period and to each share or unit that would have been outstanding assuming the issuance of common shares or units for all dilutive potential common shares or units outstanding during the reporting period.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EarningsPerShareDiluted</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccruedLiabilitiesAndOtherOperatingLiabilities">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of increase (decrease) in accrued expenses, and obligations classified as other.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-28<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccruedLiabilitiesAndOtherOperatingLiabilities</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInDueToRelatedParties">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The increase (decrease) during the reporting period in the aggregate amount of obligations to be paid to the following types of related parties: a parent company and its subsidiaries; subsidiaries of a common parent; an entity and trust for the benefit of employees, such as pension and profit-sharing trusts that are managed by or under the trusteeship of the entities' management; an entity and its principal owners, management, or member of their immediate families; affiliates; or other parties with the ability to exert significant influence.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 230<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-28<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInDueToRelatedParties</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_InterestExpense">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of interest expense classified as operating and nonoperating. Includes, but is not limited to, cost of borrowing accounted for as interest expense.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 22<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-22<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 48<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482785/280-10-55-48<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 49<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482785/280-10-55-49<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 270<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (i)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482964/270-10-50-1<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 32<br> -Subparagraph (ee)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-32<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 24<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-24<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 22<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-22<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 835<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483013/835-20-50-1<br><br>Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (i)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479105/946-220-45-3<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_InterestExpense</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_Liabilities">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of liability recognized for present obligation requiring transfer or otherwise providing economic benefit to others.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_Liabilities</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of liabilities and equity items, including the portion of equity attributable to noncontrolling interests, if any.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480738/235-10-S50-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 825<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (f)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482907/825-10-50-28<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 605<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 14<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477548/944-605-55-14<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 605<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 11<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477548/944-605-55-11<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481372/852-10-55-10<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(25))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478777/944-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(g)(1)(ii))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 323<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481687/323-10-50-3<br><br>Reference 9: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-03(23))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478546/942-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 10: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(32))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Total obligations incurred as part of normal operations that are expected to be paid during the following twelve months or within one business cycle, if longer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480738/235-10-S50-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(g)(1)(i))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 825<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (f)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482907/825-10-50-28<br><br>Reference 4: 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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of equity (deficit) attributable to noncontrolling interest. Excludes temporary equity.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_MinorityInterest</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash inflow (outflow) from financing activity attributable to continuing operation. Financing activity includes, but is not limited to, obtaining resource from owner and providing return on, and return of, their investment; borrowing money and repaying amount borrowed, or settling obligation; and obtaining and paying for other resource obtained from creditor on long-term credit.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 24<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-24<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivitiesContinuingOperations</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
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</table>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash inflow (outflow) from operating activity attributable to continuing operation. Operating activity includes, but is not limited to, transaction, adjustment, and change in value not defined as investing or financing activity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-28<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 24<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-24<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 25<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-25<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of Net Income (Loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of liabilities classified as other, due within one year or the normal operating cycle, if longer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(20))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481372/852-10-55-10<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherNoncashIncomeExpense">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of income (expense) included in net income that results in no cash inflow (outflow), classified as other.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-28<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherNoncashIncomeExpense</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsNoncurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of asset related to consideration paid in advance for costs that provide economic benefits in future periods, and amount of other assets that are expected to be realized or consumed after one year or the normal operating cycle, if longer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-03(10))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478546/942-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(18))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsNoncurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromRepaymentsOfRelatedPartyDebt">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash inflow (outflow) from long-term debt by a related party. Related parties, include, but are not limited to, affiliates, owners or officers and their immediate families, and pension trusts.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ProceedsFromRepaymentsOfRelatedPartyDebt</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ProfitLoss">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The consolidated profit or loss for the period, net of income taxes, including the portion attributable to the noncontrolling interest.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 235<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478671/942-235-S50-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 235<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-05(b)(2))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477314/942-235-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480738/235-10-S50-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ProfitLoss</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of noncash expense for share-based payment arrangement.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 230<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-28<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquity">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of equity (deficit) attributable to parent. Excludes temporary equity and equity attributable to noncontrolling interest.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockholdersEquity</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of equity (deficit) attributable to parent and noncontrolling interest. Excludes temporary equity.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest</td>
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<tr>
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<tr>
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<tr>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details)<br> $ in Millions</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="3">3 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="5">12 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th">
<div>Mar. 31, 2025 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Mar. 31, 2025 </div>
<div>TWD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Mar. 31, 2024 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Mar. 31, 2025 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2024 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2024 </div>
<div>TWD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Mar. 31, 2024 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2023 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Mar. 31, 2025 </div>
<div>TWD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2024 </div>
<div>TWD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2023 </div>
<div>TWD ($)</div>
</th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatutoryAccountingPracticesLineItems', window );"><strong>Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProvisionForDoubtfulAccounts', window );">Credit loss</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 11,993<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,455,101<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue', window );">Cash and cash equivalents</a></td>
<td class="nump">152,206<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 152,206<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">248,382<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">60,155<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RestrictedCashCurrent', window );">Restricted cash amounted</a></td>
<td class="nump">607,362<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">607,362<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">615,433<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">656,625<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 20.2<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 20.1<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivable', window );">Allowance for expected credit losses accounts</a></td>
<td class="nump">616,397<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">616,397<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 616,414<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">616,505<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_LaborPensionFundPerMonth', window );">Labor pension fund per month</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">6.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">6.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedContributionPlanEmployerMatchingContributionPercent', window );">Monthly contribution of employees salaries</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">6.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">6.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccruedEmployeeBenefitsCurrentAndNoncurrent', window );">Employee stock-based compensation expenses</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,935,755<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">10,314<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0.4<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.4<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense', window );">Non-employee stock-based compensation expense</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 48,773<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 451,480<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 2,031,631<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 902,960<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_DefinedBenefitPlanFundedPercentages', window );">Tax benefit percentage</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">50.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">50.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NumberOfReportableSegments', window );">Reportable segment</a></td>
<td class="nump">1<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProvisionForOtherCreditLosses', window );">Provision credit loss</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 11,993<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 11,993<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RestrictedCash', window );">Restricted cash (in New Dollars)</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 20.2<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 20.2<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis=us-gaap_CustomerConcentrationRiskMember', window );">Customer Concentration Risk [Member] | Client [Member] | Accounts Receivable [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatutoryAccountingPracticesLineItems', window );"><strong>Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskPercentage1', window );">Concentration of clients rate</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">87.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis=us-gaap_CustomerConcentrationRiskMember', window );">Customer Concentration Risk [Member] | Client [Member] | Revenue Benchmark [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatutoryAccountingPracticesLineItems', window );"><strong>Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskPercentage1', window );">Concentration of clients rate</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">58.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">58.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">80.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis=us-gaap_CustomerConcentrationRiskMember', window );">Customer Concentration Risk [Member] | Two Client [Member] | Revenue Benchmark [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatutoryAccountingPracticesLineItems', window );"><strong>Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskPercentage1', window );">Concentration of clients rate</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">39.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">39.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfMalpracticeInsuranceTypeAndTierIdentifierAxis=abvc_TaiwanCentralDepositInsuranceCorporationMember', window );">Taiwan Central Deposit Insurance Corporation [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatutoryAccountingPracticesLineItems', window );"><strong>Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InvestmentCompanyExcessExpenseReimbursable', window );">Cash investments limit</a></td>
<td class="nump">91,500<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 3.0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 91,500<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 3.0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfMalpracticeInsuranceTypeAndTierIdentifierAxis=abvc_USFederalDepositInsuranceCorporationMember', window );">U.S. Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatutoryAccountingPracticesLineItems', window );"><strong>Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InvestmentCompanyExcessExpenseReimbursable', window );">Cash investments limit</a></td>
<td class="nump">250,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">250,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionAxis=abvc_PostretirementAndPostemploymentBenefitsMember', window );">Post-retirement and post-employment benefits [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatutoryAccountingPracticesLineItems', window );"><strong>Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccruedEmployeeBenefitsCurrentAndNoncurrent', window );">Employee stock-based compensation expenses</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">11,642<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_GranteeStatusAxis=us-gaap_ShareBasedPaymentArrangementEmployeeMember', window );">Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Employee [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatutoryAccountingPracticesLineItems', window );"><strong>Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EmployeeBenefitsAndShareBasedCompensation', window );">Employee stock-based compensation expense</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 48,773<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,995,049<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanServiceCost', window );">Consulting services for rent</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 95,876<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_GranteeStatusAxis=us-gaap_ShareBasedPaymentArrangementNonemployeeMember', window );">Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Nonemployee [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatutoryAccountingPracticesLineItems', window );"><strong>Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense', window );">Non-employee stock-based compensation expense</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">506,583<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 185,933<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanServiceCost', window );">Consulting services for rent</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 271,828<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_abvc_DefinedBenefitPlanFundedPercentages">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Percentage of plan assets to benefit obligation of defined benefit plan.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">abvc_DefinedBenefitPlanFundedPercentages</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>abvc_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_abvc_LaborPensionFundPerMonth">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Labor pension fund per month.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">abvc_LaborPensionFundPerMonth</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>abvc_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AccruedEmployeeBenefitsCurrentAndNoncurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Carrying value as of the balance sheet date of obligations, excluding pension and other postretirement benefits, incurred through that date and payable for perquisites provided to employees pertaining to services received from them.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-03(15)(5))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478546/942-210-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AccruedEmployeeBenefitsCurrentAndNoncurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of expense for award under share-based payment arrangement. Excludes amount capitalized.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479983/718-10-S45-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 14.F)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479830/718-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (h)(1)(i)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivable">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of allowance for credit loss on accounts receivable.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 326<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 13<br> -Subparagraph (f)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479319/326-20-50-13<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 326<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 13<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479319/326-20-50-13<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(5))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478777/944-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(4))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 326<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479344/326-20-45-1<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 310<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481962/310-10-50-4<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivable</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash and cash equivalent. Cash includes, but is not limited to, currency on hand, demand deposit with financial institution, and account with general characteristic of demand deposit. Cash equivalent includes, but is not limited to, short-term, highly liquid investment that is both readily convertible to known amount of cash and so near maturity that it presents insignificant risk of change in value because of change in interest rate.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(1))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483467/210-10-45-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-4<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskPercentage1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>For an entity that discloses a concentration risk in relation to quantitative amount, which serves as the "benchmark" (or denominator) in the equation, this concept represents the concentration percentage derived from the division.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 42<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-42<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 275<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 18<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482861/275-10-50-18<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 275<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 18<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482861/275-10-50-18<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 275<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 20<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482861/275-10-50-20<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 275<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 18<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482861/275-10-50-18<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 275<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 18<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482861/275-10-50-18<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 275<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 18<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482861/275-10-50-18<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskPercentage1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanServiceCost">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cost for actuarial present value of benefits attributed to service rendered by employee for defined benefit plan.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 715<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 17<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480482/715-20-55-17<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 715<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 18<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480482/715-20-55-18<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 715<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)(1)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480506/715-20-50-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 715<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (h)(1)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480506/715-20-50-1<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 715<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Subparagraph (a)(1)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480506/715-20-50-6<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanServiceCost</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DefinedContributionPlanEmployerMatchingContributionPercent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Percentage of employees' gross pay for which the employer contributes a matching contribution to a defined contribution plan.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DefinedContributionPlanEmployerMatchingContributionPercent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EmployeeBenefitsAndShareBasedCompensation">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of expense for employee benefit and equity-based compensation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(2))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483621/220-10-S99-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EmployeeBenefitsAndShareBasedCompensation</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_InvestmentCompanyExcessExpenseReimbursable">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of carryover of excess expense potentially reimbursable to adviser but not recorded as liability by investment company.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480990/946-20-50-6<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_InvestmentCompanyExcessExpenseReimbursable</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NumberOfReportableSegments">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of segments reported by the entity. A reportable segment is a component of an entity for which there is an accounting requirement to report separate financial information on that component in the entity's financial statements.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 47<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482785/280-10-55-47<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 54<br> -Subparagraph (e)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482785/280-10-55-54<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 18<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-18<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NumberOfReportableSegments</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:integerItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ProvisionForDoubtfulAccounts">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of expense (reversal of expense) for expected credit loss on accounts receivable.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 326<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 13<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479319/326-20-50-13<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 22<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147476148/220-40-50-22<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(5))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483621/220-10-S99-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ProvisionForDoubtfulAccounts</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ProvisionForOtherCreditLosses">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of expense related to credit loss from transactions other than loan and lease transactions.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 230<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-28<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-04(11))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478524/942-220-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ProvisionForOtherCreditLosses</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RestrictedCash">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash restricted as to withdrawal or usage. Cash includes, but is not limited to, currency on hand, demand deposits with banks or financial institutions, and other accounts with general characteristics of demand deposits.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(2))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478777/944-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(1))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482913/230-10-50-8<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-03(1)(a))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478546/942-210-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RestrictedCash</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RestrictedCashCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash restricted as to withdrawal or usage, classified as current. Cash includes, but is not limited to, currency on hand, demand deposits with banks or financial institutions, and other accounts with general characteristics of demand deposits.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(1))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482913/230-10-50-8<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RestrictedCashCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatutoryAccountingPracticesLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 505<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477908/944-505-50-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 505<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477908/944-505-50-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 505<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 5<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477908/944-505-50-5<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 505<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477908/944-505-50-3<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 505<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477908/944-505-50-1<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(23)(c))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478777/944-210-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatutoryAccountingPracticesLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis=us-gaap_CustomerConcentrationRiskMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis=us-gaap_CustomerConcentrationRiskMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_MajorCustomersAxis=abvc_ClientMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_MajorCustomersAxis=abvc_ClientMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis=us-gaap_AccountsReceivableMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis=us-gaap_AccountsReceivableMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis=us-gaap_SalesRevenueNetMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis=us-gaap_SalesRevenueNetMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_MajorCustomersAxis=abvc_TwoClientMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_MajorCustomersAxis=abvc_TwoClientMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfMalpracticeInsuranceTypeAndTierIdentifierAxis=abvc_TaiwanCentralDepositInsuranceCorporationMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ScheduleOfMalpracticeInsuranceTypeAndTierIdentifierAxis=abvc_TaiwanCentralDepositInsuranceCorporationMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfMalpracticeInsuranceTypeAndTierIdentifierAxis=abvc_USFederalDepositInsuranceCorporationMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ScheduleOfMalpracticeInsuranceTypeAndTierIdentifierAxis=abvc_USFederalDepositInsuranceCorporationMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionAxis=abvc_PostretirementAndPostemploymentBenefitsMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionAxis=abvc_PostretirementAndPostemploymentBenefitsMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_GranteeStatusAxis=us-gaap_ShareBasedPaymentArrangementEmployeeMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_GranteeStatusAxis=us-gaap_ShareBasedPaymentArrangementEmployeeMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_GranteeStatusAxis=us-gaap_ShareBasedPaymentArrangementNonemployeeMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_GranteeStatusAxis=us-gaap_ShareBasedPaymentArrangementNonemployeeMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>167
<FILENAME>R44.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
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</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Schedule of Estimated Useful Life (Details)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=us-gaap_BuildingImprovementsMember', window );">Buildings and leasehold improvements [Member] | Minimum [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_SummaryofSignificantAccountingPoliciesScheduleofEstimatedUsefulLifeDetailsLineItems', window );"><strong>Schedule of Estimated Useful Life [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife', window );">Estimated Life</a></td>
<td class="text">5 years<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=us-gaap_BuildingImprovementsMember', window );">Buildings and leasehold improvements [Member] | Maximum [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_SummaryofSignificantAccountingPoliciesScheduleofEstimatedUsefulLifeDetailsLineItems', window );"><strong>Schedule of Estimated Useful Life [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife', window );">Estimated Life</a></td>
<td class="text">50 years<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=us-gaap_MachineryAndEquipmentMember', window );">Machinery and equipment [Member] | Minimum [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_SummaryofSignificantAccountingPoliciesScheduleofEstimatedUsefulLifeDetailsLineItems', window );"><strong>Schedule of Estimated Useful Life [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife', window );">Estimated Life</a></td>
<td class="text">5 years<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=us-gaap_MachineryAndEquipmentMember', window );">Machinery and equipment [Member] | Maximum [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_SummaryofSignificantAccountingPoliciesScheduleofEstimatedUsefulLifeDetailsLineItems', window );"><strong>Schedule of Estimated Useful Life [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife', window );">Estimated Life</a></td>
<td class="text">10 years<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=us-gaap_OfficeEquipmentMember', window );">Office equipment [Member] | Minimum [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_SummaryofSignificantAccountingPoliciesScheduleofEstimatedUsefulLifeDetailsLineItems', window );"><strong>Schedule of Estimated Useful Life [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife', window );">Estimated Life</a></td>
<td class="text">3 years<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=us-gaap_OfficeEquipmentMember', window );">Office equipment [Member] | Maximum [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_SummaryofSignificantAccountingPoliciesScheduleofEstimatedUsefulLifeDetailsLineItems', window );"><strong>Schedule of Estimated Useful Life [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife', window );">Estimated Life</a></td>
<td class="text">6 years<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">abvc_SummaryofSignificantAccountingPoliciesScheduleofEstimatedUsefulLifeDetailsLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>abvc_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Useful life of long lived, physical assets used in the normal conduct of business and not intended for resale, in 'PnYnMnDTnHnMnS' format, for example, 'P1Y5M13D' represents the reported fact of one year, five months, and thirteen days. Examples include, but not limited to, land, buildings, machinery and equipment, office equipment, furniture and fixtures, and computer equipment.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:durationItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
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</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=us-gaap_BuildingImprovementsMember</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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</table></div>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_RangeAxis=srt_MinimumMember</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_RangeAxis=srt_MaximumMember</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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</table></div>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=us-gaap_MachineryAndEquipmentMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=us-gaap_MachineryAndEquipmentMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=us-gaap_OfficeEquipmentMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=us-gaap_OfficeEquipmentMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>168
<FILENAME>R45.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="report.css">
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</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Schedule of Revenue and Gross Profit Information of our Reportable Segment (Details) - USD ($)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">3 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="4">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Mar. 31, 2025</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Mar. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Mar. 31, 2025</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Mar. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SegmentReportingInformationRevenueAbstract', window );"><strong>Schedule of Revenue and Gross Profit Information of our Reportable Segment [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Revenues', window );">Revenue</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,205<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 509,589<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 152,430<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CostOfRevenue', window );">Cost of Revenue</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">277<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">763<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">302,037<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_GrossProfit', window );">Segment Gross Profit (Loss)</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">928<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">508,826<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 928<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(149,607)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Depreciation', window );">Depreciation expense</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 7,021<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,286<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 32,025<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 28,531<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CostOfRevenue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The aggregate cost of goods produced and sold and services rendered during the reporting period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480738/235-10-S50-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(g)(1)(i))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 825<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (f)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482907/825-10-50-28<br><br>Reference 4: 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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CostOfRevenue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_Depreciation">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The amount of expense recognized in the current period that reflects the allocation of the cost of tangible assets over the assets' useful lives. Includes production and non-production related depreciation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 230<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-28<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 18<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147476153/220-40-55-18<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 11<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147476153/220-40-55-11<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 24<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147476153/220-40-55-24<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 12<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147476148/220-40-50-12<br><br>Reference 6: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 360<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482099/360-10-50-1<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147476148/220-40-50-6<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_Depreciation</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_GrossProfit">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Aggregate revenue less cost of goods and services sold or operating expenses directly attributable to the revenue generation activity.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_GrossProfit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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</table></div>
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</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_Revenues">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of revenue recognized from goods sold, services rendered, insurance premiums, or other activities that constitute an earning process. Includes, but is not limited to, investment and interest income before deduction of interest expense when recognized as a component of revenue, and sales and trading gain (loss).</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_Revenues</td>
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<tr>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_SegmentReportingInformationRevenueAbstract">
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SegmentReportingInformationRevenueAbstract</td>
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<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Schedule of Reconciliation of Total Segment Gross Profit (Details) - USD ($)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">3 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="4">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Mar. 31, 2025</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Mar. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Mar. 31, 2025</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Mar. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="ro">
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<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 928<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 508,826<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 928<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (149,607)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_LessAbstract', window );"><strong>Less:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense', window );">Selling, general and administrative expenses</a></td>
<td class="nump">615,371<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">738,486<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">615,371<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,261,336<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">738,486<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">5,368,278<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense', window );">Research and development expenses</a></td>
<td class="nump">28,861<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">69,066<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">28,861<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">179,272<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">69,066<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,062,916<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation', window );">Stock-based compensation</a></td>
<td class="nump">48,773<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,031,631<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,773,460<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">185,933<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_AddLessAbstract', window );"><strong>Add (Less):</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InvestmentIncomeInterest', window );">Interest income</a></td>
<td class="nump">19,071<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">4,049<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">19,071<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">87,358<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">4,049<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">185,481<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InterestExpenseNonoperating', window );">Interest expense</a></td>
<td class="num">(222,967)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(181,676)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(222,967)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(825,899)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(181,676)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(1,313,671)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SubleaseIncome', window );">Operating sublease income</a></td>
<td class="nump">12,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">8,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">12,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">48,478<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">8,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">65,900<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossBeforeTax', window );">Gain (loss) on foreign exchange changes</a></td>
<td class="num">(9,912)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">60,730<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(9,912)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(25,135)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">60,730<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">22,690<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_GainLossOnInvestments', window );">Loss on investment in equity securities</a></td>
<td class="num">(50,877)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(339,171)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(221,888)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_WriteOffUnclaimedAccruedLiabilites', window );">Write off unclaimed accrued liabilities</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(50,877)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">255,592<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherNonoperatingIncomeExpense', window );">Other income, net</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,500<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">19,485<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,500<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">134,443<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">19,485<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,384<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest', window );">Loss before provision for income tax</a></td>
<td class="num">$ (944,190)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (2,927,667)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (944,190)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (5,369,576)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (2,927,667)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (8,024,838)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">abvc_AddLessAbstract</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">abvc_LessAbstract</td>
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<td>duration</td>
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</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_abvc_WriteOffUnclaimedAccruedLiabilites">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of write off unclaimed accrued liabilites.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">abvc_WriteOffUnclaimedAccruedLiabilites</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>abvc_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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</tr>
<tr>
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<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossBeforeTax">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, before tax, of realized and unrealized gain (loss) from foreign currency transaction.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-07(7))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479134/946-220-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 830<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 35<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482014/830-20-35-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 830<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481956/830-20-45-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 830<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481926/830-20-50-1<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 830<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 17<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481839/830-10-45-17<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 22<br> -Subparagraph (o)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147476148/220-40-50-22<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossBeforeTax</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
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<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_GainLossOnInvestments">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investment.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(9)(a))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483621/220-10-S99-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(7)(c))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483621/220-10-S99-2<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/recommendedDisclosureRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-28<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_GainLossOnInvestments</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_GrossProfit">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Aggregate revenue less cost of goods and services sold or operating expenses directly attributable to the revenue generation activity.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_GrossProfit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of income (loss) from continuing operations, including income (loss) from equity method investments, before deduction of income tax expense (benefit), and income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147476153/220-40-55-4<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 21<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147476153/220-40-55-21<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 14<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147476153/220-40-55-14<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 235<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478671/942-235-S50-1<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 235<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-05(b)(2))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477314/942-235-S99-1<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 22<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-22<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 48<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482785/280-10-55-48<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 32<br> -Subparagraph (f)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-32<br><br>Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 30<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-30<br><br>Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 270<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (i)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482964/270-10-50-1<br><br>Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 32<br> -Subparagraph (ee)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-32<br><br>Reference 12: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/otherTransitionRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 32<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-32<br><br>Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-04(11))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477250/944-220-S99-1<br><br>Reference 14: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 31<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-31<br><br>Reference 15: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(10))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483621/220-10-S99-2<br><br>Reference 16: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-04(15))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478524/942-220-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_InterestExpenseNonoperating">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of interest expense classified as nonoperating.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147476153/220-40-55-4<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 14<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147476153/220-40-55-14<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 22<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-22<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483621/220-10-S99-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_InterestExpenseNonoperating</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_InvestmentIncomeInterest">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount before accretion (amortization) of purchase discount (premium) of interest income on nonoperating securities.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 22<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-22<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 48<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482785/280-10-55-48<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(7)(b))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483621/220-10-S99-2<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 270<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (i)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482964/270-10-50-1<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 32<br> -Subparagraph (ee)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-32<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_InvestmentIncomeInterest</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherNonoperatingIncomeExpense">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of income (expense) related to nonoperating activities, classified as other.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 815<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4A<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480434/815-10-50-4A<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(9))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483621/220-10-S99-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherNonoperatingIncomeExpense</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of expense for research and development. Includes, but is not limited to, cost for computer software product to be sold, leased, or otherwise marketed and writeoff of research and development assets acquired in transaction other than business combination or joint venture formation or both. Excludes write-down of intangible asset acquired in business combination or from joint venture formation or both, used in research and development activity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 18<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147476153/220-40-55-18<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 14<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147476153/220-40-55-14<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 48<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482785/280-10-55-48<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 985<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481283/985-20-50-2<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 730<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482916/730-10-50-1<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 912<br> -SubTopic 730<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 25<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479532/912-730-25-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_SegmentReportingOtherSignificantReconcilingItemConsolidatedAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SegmentReportingOtherSignificantReconcilingItemConsolidatedAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The aggregate total costs related to selling a firm's product and services, as well as all other general and administrative expenses. Direct selling expenses (for example, credit, warranty, and advertising) are expenses that can be directly linked to the sale of specific products. Indirect selling expenses are expenses that cannot be directly linked to the sale of specific products, for example telephone expenses, Internet, and postal charges. General and administrative expenses include salaries of non-sales personnel, rent, utilities, communication, etc.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 18<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147476153/220-40-55-18<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 11<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147476153/220-40-55-11<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147476153/220-40-55-4<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 14<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147476153/220-40-55-14<br><br>Reference 5: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(4))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483621/220-10-S99-2<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147476148/220-40-50-6<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of noncash expense for share-based payment arrangement.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 230<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-28<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_SubleaseIncome">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of sublease income excluding finance and operating lease expense.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 53<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479589/842-20-55-53<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Subparagraph (e)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478964/842-20-50-4<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SubleaseIncome</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
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<html>
<head>
<title></title>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="2" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Collaborative Agreements (Details)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">1 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">3 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">11 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="5">12 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th">
<div>Jun. 18, 2024 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>May 23, 2024 </div>
<div>USD ($) </div>
<div>$ / shares </div>
<div>shares</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>May 14, 2024 </div>
<div>USD ($) </div>
<div>$ / shares </div>
<div>shares</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>May 08, 2024 </div>
<div>USD ($) </div>
<div>$ / shares </div>
<div>shares</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Apr. 16, 2024 </div>
<div>USD ($) </div>
<div>$ / shares </div>
<div>shares</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Mar. 25, 2024 </div>
<div>USD ($) </div>
<div>$ / shares </div>
<div>shares</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Jun. 10, 2022 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Aug. 05, 2019 </div>
<div>USD ($) </div>
<div>shares</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Jun. 30, 2019 </div>
<div>USD ($) </div>
<div>shares</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 24, 2018 </div>
<div>USD ($) </div>
<div>$ / shares </div>
<div>shares</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Sep. 30, 2018 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2017 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Sep. 25, 2017 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Aug. 15, 2017 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Aug. 31, 2016 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Aug. 31, 2016 </div>
<div>TWD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2015 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>May 23, 2024 </div>
<div>USD ($) </div>
<div>$ / shares </div>
<div>shares</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Aug. 31, 2016 </div>
<div>TWD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Mar. 31, 2025 </div>
<div>USD ($) </div>
<div>$ / shares </div>
<div>shares</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2015 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2024 </div>
<div>USD ($) </div>
<div>$ / shares </div>
<div>shares</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2023 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2022 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2015 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2015 </div>
<div>TWD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Apr. 11, 2024 </div>
<div>USD ($) </div>
<div>$ / shares</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Aug. 14, 2023 </div>
<div>$ / shares</div>
</th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 01, 2022</div></th>
<th class="th">
<div>Jul. 27, 2021 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CollaborativeArrangementsAndNoncollaborativeArrangementTransactionsLineItems', window );"><strong>Collaborative Agreements [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_MilestonePaymentsRoyaltyPercentage', window );">Royalty percentage</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">12.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">12.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerIncludingAssessedTax', window );">Total cash</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 50,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 50,000,000,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue', window );">Cash equivalent</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,600,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 152,206<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,600,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 248,382<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 60,155<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,600,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalCommonStock', window );">Additional paid-in capital</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">73,978,380<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Cash', window );">Cash received</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 2,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssues', window );">Value of new shares issued</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,050,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharesIssuedPricePerShare', window );">Price per share (in Dollars per share) | $ / shares</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1.87<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1.87<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 20<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_EquityMethodLongTermInvestment', window );">Equity method long term investment (in Shares) | shares</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,530,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_ServiceAgreementEligibilityAmount', window );">Service agreement eligibility amount</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 3,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_MilestoneRegulatoryPaymentAmountPeriod', window );">Milestone regulatory payment amount period</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">3 years<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LoansPayable', window );">Loan amount</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 249,975<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_WorkingCapitalConvertibleLoanPercentage', window );">Percentage of working capital convertible loan</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">5.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">5.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PreferredStockConvertibleConversionPrice', window );">Fixed conversion price equal (in Dollars per share) | $ / shares</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TaxesAndLicenses', window );">Licensing fee</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 33,500,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PrepaymentFeesOnAdvancesNet', window );">Upfront payment</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,895,556<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SaleOfStockPricePerShare', window );">FEYE stock (in Dollars per share) | $ / shares</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 6<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_MilestoneRegulatoryPaymentAmount', window );">Milestone regulatory payment amount</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">$ 3,500,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 3,500,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_RoyaltiesPercentage', window );">Percentage of royalties of net sales</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">5.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityNoncurrent', window );">Recognized revenue</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 296,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DeferredRevenueRevenueRecognized1', window );">Recognized revenue</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 200,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 200,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TypeOfArrangementAxis=abvc_BHKCoDevelopmentAgreementMember', window );">BHK Co-Development Agreement [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CollaborativeArrangementsAndNoncollaborativeArrangementTransactionsLineItems', window );"><strong>Collaborative Agreements [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LongTermPurchaseCommitmentMilestones', window );">Description of collaborative agreements</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">On July 27, 2016, BioLite Taiwan and BHK agreed
to amend the payment terms of the milestone payment in an aggregate amount of $10 million based on the following schedule:

    &#160;
    &#9679;
    Upon the signing of
    the BHK Co-Development Agreement: $1 million, or 10% of total payment


    &#160;
    &#9679;
    Upon the first Investigational
    New Drug (IND) submission and BioLite Taiwan will deliver all data to BHK according to FDA Reviewing requirement: $1 million, or
    10% of total payment


    &#160;
    &#9679;
    At the completion of
    first phase II clinical trial: $1 million, or 10% of total payment


    &#160;
    &#9679;
    At the initiation of
    phase III of clinical trial research: $3 million, or 30% of total payment


    &#160;
    &#9679;
    Upon the New Drug Application
    (NDA) submission: $4 million, or 40% of total payment
  <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">On July 27, 2016, BioLite Taiwan and BHK agreed
to amend the payment terms of the milestone payment in an aggregate amount of $10 million based on the following schedule:

    &#160;
    &#9679;
    Upon the signing of
    the BHK Co-Development Agreement: $1 million, or 10% of total payment


    &#160;
    &#9679;
    Upon the first Investigational
    New Drug (IND) submission and BioLite Taiwan will deliver all data to BHK according to FDA Reviewing requirement: $1 million, or
    10% of total payment


    &#160;
    &#9679;
    At the completion of
    first phase II clinical trial: $1 million, or 10% of total payment


    &#160;
    &#9679;
    At the initiation of
    phase III of clinical trial research: $3 million, or 30% of total payment


    &#160;
    &#9679;
    Upon the New Drug Application
    (NDA) submission: $4 million, or 40% of total payment
  <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_NonrefundableUpfrontCashPayment', window );">Non-refundable upfront cash payment</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_PercentageOfPaymentsUnderCodevelopmentAgreement', window );">Data and development percentage</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">10.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">10.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_IssuanceOfStockValue', window );">Total cash amount</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 10,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 10,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CostOfGoodsAndServicesSold', window );">Licensing rights</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 31,649,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 31,649,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TypeOfArrangementAxis=abvc_CodevelopmentagreementMember', window );">Co-Dev Agreement [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CollaborativeArrangementsAndNoncollaborativeArrangementTransactionsLineItems', window );"><strong>Collaborative Agreements [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_PercentageOfPaymentsUnderCodevelopmentAgreement', window );">Data and development percentage</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">50.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">50.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PaymentsForParticipationLiabilities', window );">Cash amount</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 3,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_AdditionCashPayment', window );">Addition cash payment</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 3,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 3,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalCommonStock', window );">Additional paid-in capital</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 3,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Cash', window );">Cash received</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">450,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TypeOfArrangementAxis=us-gaap_CollaborativeArrangementMember', window );">Collaborative Agreement [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CollaborativeArrangementsAndNoncollaborativeArrangementTransactionsLineItems', window );"><strong>Collaborative Agreements [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_PercentageOfPaymentsUnderCodevelopmentAgreement', window );">Data and development percentage</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">50.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">50.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_IssuanceOfStockValue', window );">Total cash amount</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 3,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CostOfGoodsAndServicesSold', window );">Licensing rights</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 3,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PaymentsForParticipationLiabilities', window );">Cash amount</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 3,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 3,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherResearchAndDevelopmentExpense', window );">Research and development expense</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 3,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TypeOfArrangementAxis=abvc_BioFirstStockPurchaseAgreementMember', window );">BioFirst Corporation Purchase Agreement [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CollaborativeArrangementsAndNoncollaborativeArrangementTransactionsLineItems', window );"><strong>Collaborative Agreements [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockSplits', window );">Shares issued (in Shares) | shares</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">41,470<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">42,857<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationAsset1', window );">Common stock consideration</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 2,902,911<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 3,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TypeOfArrangementAxis=abvc_ForSeeConEyeCorporationMember', window );">ForSeeCon Eye Corporation [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CollaborativeArrangementsAndNoncollaborativeArrangementTransactionsLineItems', window );"><strong>Collaborative Agreements [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_LicensingAgreement', window );">Licensing agreement</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">$ 100,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionAxis=abvc_BioLiteTaiwanMember', window );">BioLite Taiwan [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CollaborativeArrangementsAndNoncollaborativeArrangementTransactionsLineItems', window );"><strong>Collaborative Agreements [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerIncludingAssessedTax', window );">Total cash</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">50,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 50,000,000,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue', window );">Cash equivalent</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,600,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,600,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,600,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_NetSalesProfitPercentage', window );">Net sales profit, percentage</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">50.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">50.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">50.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionAxis=abvc_CollaborativeAgreementWithForSeeConEyeCorporationMember', window );">Collaborative agreement with ForSeeCon Eye Corporation [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CollaborativeArrangementsAndNoncollaborativeArrangementTransactionsLineItems', window );"><strong>Collaborative Agreements [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PrepaymentFeesOnAdvancesNet', window );">Upfront payment</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 30,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharesIssued', window );">Shares paid (in Shares) | shares</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">5,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_ReceivedShares', window );">Shares received (in Shares) | shares</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">5,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">5,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionAxis=abvc_OncoXBiopPharmaIncMember', window );">OncoX BiopPharma, Inc [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CollaborativeArrangementsAndNoncollaborativeArrangementTransactionsLineItems', window );"><strong>Collaborative Agreements [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_MilestonePaymentsRoyaltyPercentage', window );">Royalty percentage</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">5.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">5.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">5.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">5.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">5.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharesIssuedPricePerShare', window );">Price per share (in Dollars per share) | $ / shares</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 5<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 5<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 5<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 5<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 5<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockSplits', window );">Shares issued (in Shares) | shares</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,250,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,250,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,250,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,250,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_ConsiderationPaidForAgreement', window );">Consideration paid</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 6,250,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 6,250,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 6,250,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 6,250,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_AdditionalMilestonePaymentInCash', window );">Additional milestone payment in cash</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 625,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 625,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 625,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 625,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_NumberOfSharesReceived', window );">Number of shares received (in Shares) | shares</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,250,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,250,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,250,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,250,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,250,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,250,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_PercentageOfDevelopAndCommercialize', window );">Percentage of develop and commercialize</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">50.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">50.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">50.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_LicensingFees', window );">Licensing fees</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 100,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 100,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 100,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 100,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis=abvc_RgeneCorporationMember', window );">Rgene Corporation [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CollaborativeArrangementsAndNoncollaborativeArrangementTransactionsLineItems', window );"><strong>Collaborative Agreements [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssues', window );">Value of new shares issued</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 2,550,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage', window );">Percentage of note fully converted</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">37.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">26.65%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">26.65%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LoansPayable', window );">Loan amount</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_EquityMethodInvestmentsOwnershipPercentage', window );">Ownership percentage</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">12.80%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ConvertibleDebt', window );">Convertible loan</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 500,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis=abvc_RgeneCorporationMember', window );">Rgene Corporation [Member] | Co-Dev Agreement [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CollaborativeArrangementsAndNoncollaborativeArrangementTransactionsLineItems', window );"><strong>Collaborative Agreements [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage', window );">Percentage of note fully converted</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">6.40%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">6.40%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis=abvc_RgeneCorporationMember', window );">Rgene Corporation [Member] | Service Agreements [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CollaborativeArrangementsAndNoncollaborativeArrangementTransactionsLineItems', window );"><strong>Collaborative Agreements [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage', window );">Percentage of note fully converted</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">26.65%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">31.62%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis=us-gaap_CommonStockMember', window );">Common Stock [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CollaborativeArrangementsAndNoncollaborativeArrangementTransactionsLineItems', window );"><strong>Collaborative Agreements [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssues', window );">Value of new shares issued</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 300<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharesIssuedPricePerShare', window );">Price per share (in Dollars per share) | $ / shares</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 50<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.0001<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis=us-gaap_CommonStockMember', window );">Common Stock [Member] | YuanGene Corporation [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CollaborativeArrangementsAndNoncollaborativeArrangementTransactionsLineItems', window );"><strong>Collaborative Agreements [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharesIssuedPricePerShare', window );">Price per share (in Dollars per share) | $ / shares</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1.6<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis=us-gaap_CommonStockMember', window );">Common Stock [Member] | Rgene Studies [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CollaborativeArrangementsAndNoncollaborativeArrangementTransactionsLineItems', window );"><strong>Collaborative Agreements [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage', window );">Percentage of note fully converted</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">20.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">20.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="31"></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="31"><table class="outerFootnotes" width="100%"><tr class="outerFootnote">
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 12pt;" valign="top">[1]</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;" valign="top"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Prior period results have been adjusted to reflect the 1-for-10 reverse stock split effected on July 25, 2023.</span></td>
</tr></table></td></tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_abvc_AdditionCashPayment">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The amount of addition cash payment.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">abvc_AdditionCashPayment</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>abvc_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_abvc_AdditionalMilestonePaymentInCash">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Additional milestone payment in cash.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">abvc_AdditionalMilestonePaymentInCash</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>abvc_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_abvc_ConsiderationPaidForAgreement">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Consideration paid.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">abvc_ConsiderationPaidForAgreement</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>abvc_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_abvc_EquityMethodInvestmentsOwnershipPercentage">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Represent the percent value of equity method investments ownership percentage.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">abvc_EquityMethodInvestmentsOwnershipPercentage</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>abvc_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_abvc_EquityMethodLongTermInvestment">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Equity method long term investment.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">abvc_EquityMethodLongTermInvestment</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>abvc_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_abvc_IssuanceOfStockValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The value of Common stock newly issued. for example : newly issued shares means any common shares issued pursuant to the primary share purchases.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">abvc_IssuanceOfStockValue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>abvc_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_abvc_LicensingAgreement">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The amount of licensing Agreement.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">abvc_LicensingAgreement</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>abvc_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_abvc_LicensingFees">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount licensing fee.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">abvc_LicensingFees</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>abvc_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_abvc_MilestonePaymentsRoyaltyPercentage">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Milestone payments royalty percentage.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">abvc_MilestonePaymentsRoyaltyPercentage</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>abvc_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_abvc_MilestoneRegulatoryPaymentAmount">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Represent the amount of milestone regulatory payment.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">abvc_MilestoneRegulatoryPaymentAmount</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>abvc_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_abvc_MilestoneRegulatoryPaymentAmountPeriod">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Milestone Regulatory Payment Amount Period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">abvc_MilestoneRegulatoryPaymentAmountPeriod</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>abvc_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:durationItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_abvc_NetSalesProfitPercentage">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Percentage of net sales profit.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">abvc_NetSalesProfitPercentage</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>abvc_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_abvc_NonrefundableUpfrontCashPayment">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Non-refundable upfront cash payment.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">abvc_NonrefundableUpfrontCashPayment</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>abvc_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_abvc_NumberOfSharesReceived">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The number of shares received.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">abvc_NumberOfSharesReceived</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>abvc_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_abvc_PercentageOfDevelopAndCommercialize">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Rate of develop and commercialize.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">abvc_PercentageOfDevelopAndCommercialize</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>abvc_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_abvc_PercentageOfPaymentsUnderCodevelopmentAgreement">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Percentage of payments under co-development agreement.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">abvc_PercentageOfPaymentsUnderCodevelopmentAgreement</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>abvc_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_abvc_ReceivedShares">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of shares received.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">abvc_ReceivedShares</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>abvc_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_abvc_RoyaltiesPercentage">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Percentage of Royalties.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">abvc_RoyaltiesPercentage</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>abvc_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_abvc_ServiceAgreementEligibilityAmount">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Service agreement eligibility amount.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">abvc_ServiceAgreementEligibilityAmount</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>abvc_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_abvc_WorkingCapitalConvertibleLoanPercentage">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Percentage of working capital convertible loan.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">abvc_WorkingCapitalConvertibleLoanPercentage</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>abvc_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalCommonStock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Value received from shareholders in common stock-related transactions that are in excess of par value or stated value and amounts received from other stock-related transactions. Includes only common stock transactions (excludes preferred stock transactions). May be called contributed capital, capital in excess of par, capital surplus, or paid-in capital.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(30)(a)(1))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalCommonStock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationAsset1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of increase (decrease) in value of asset in contingent consideration arrangement in business combination.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-28<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 805<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Subparagraph (a)(1)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479581/805-30-50-4<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationAsset1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_Cash">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of currency on hand as well as demand deposits with banks or financial institutions. Includes other kinds of accounts that have the general characteristics of demand deposits. Excludes cash and cash equivalents within disposal group and discontinued operation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 605<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 14<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477548/944-605-55-14<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 605<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 11<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477548/944-605-55-11<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481372/852-10-55-10<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 830<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 12<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479168/946-830-55-12<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(2))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478777/944-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-04(4))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479170/946-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 21<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477796/946-210-45-21<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(1))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 20<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Topic 946<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477796/946-210-45-20<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_Cash</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of short-term, highly liquid investments that are both readily convertible to known amounts of cash and so near their maturity that they present insignificant risk of changes in value because of changes in interest rates. Excludes cash and cash equivalents within disposal group and discontinued operation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(2))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478777/944-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(1))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CollaborativeArrangementsAndNoncollaborativeArrangementTransactionsLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 808<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479402/808-10-50-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CollaborativeArrangementsAndNoncollaborativeArrangementTransactionsLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityNoncurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of obligation to transfer good or service to customer for which consideration has been received or is receivable, classified as noncurrent.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 11<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-11<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479837/606-10-45-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-8<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479837/606-10-45-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityNoncurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ConvertibleDebt">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Including the current and noncurrent portions, carrying amount of debt identified as being convertible into another form of financial instrument (typically the entity's common stock) as of the balance sheet date, which originally required full repayment more than twelve months after issuance or greater than the normal operating cycle of the company.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(22))<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 210<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-03(16))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478546/942-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(16)(a)(2))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478777/944-210-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ConvertibleDebt</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CostOfGoodsAndServicesSold">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The aggregate costs related to goods produced and sold and services rendered by an entity during the reporting period. This excludes costs incurred during the reporting period related to financial services rendered and other revenue generating activities.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 815<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4A<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480434/815-10-50-4A<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 11<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147476153/220-40-55-11<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147476153/220-40-55-4<br><br>Reference 4: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(2)(d))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483621/220-10-S99-2<br><br>Reference 5: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(2)(a))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483621/220-10-S99-2<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 924<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 11.L)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479941/924-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147476148/220-40-50-6<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CostOfGoodsAndServicesSold</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DeferredRevenueRevenueRecognized1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of revenue recognized that was previously reported as deferred or unearned revenue.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DeferredRevenueRevenueRecognized1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The percentage of ownership of common stock or equity participation in the investee accounted for under the equity method of accounting.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 825<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (f)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482907/825-10-50-28<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 323<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (a)(1)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481687/323-10-50-3<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LoansPayable">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Including the current and noncurrent portions, aggregate carrying value as of the balance sheet date of loans payable (with maturities initially due after one year or beyond the operating cycle if longer).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(22))<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 210<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-03(16))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478546/942-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(16)(a)(2))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478777/944-210-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LoansPayable</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LongTermPurchaseCommitmentMilestones">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Discloses the nature of achievements or target goals that are to be reached by specified dates to maintain the arrangement or extend it, generally without adjustment of the present financial terms of the arrangement.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LongTermPurchaseCommitmentMilestones</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherResearchAndDevelopmentExpense">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of other research and development expense.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 730<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482916/730-10-50-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherResearchAndDevelopmentExpense</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PaymentsForParticipationLiabilities">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Cash payments related to participation costs.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 926<br> -SubTopic 230<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477628/926-230-45-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PaymentsForParticipationLiabilities</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PreferredStockConvertibleConversionPrice">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Per share conversion price of preferred stock.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 13<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-13<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PreferredStockConvertibleConversionPrice</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PrepaymentFeesOnAdvancesNet">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of income earned, after hedging basis adjustments, from fees charged for prepayment of certain Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLBank) advances before original maturity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PrepaymentFeesOnAdvancesNet</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerIncludingAssessedTax">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, including tax collected from customer, of revenue from satisfaction of performance obligation by transferring promised good or service to customer. Tax collected from customer is tax assessed by governmental authority that is both imposed on and concurrent with specific revenue-producing transaction, including, but not limited to, sales, use, value-added and excise.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 41<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-41<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 42<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-42<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 7<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-7<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 270<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (i)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482964/270-10-50-1<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 32<br> -Subparagraph (ee)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-32<br><br>Reference 6: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/otherTransitionRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 32<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-32<br><br>Reference 7: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/otherTransitionRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 32<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-32<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 924<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 11.L)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479941/924-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 5<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-5<br><br>Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 30<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-30<br><br>Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 22<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-22<br><br>Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 40<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-40<br><br>Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 22<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-22<br><br>Reference 14: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-4<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerIncludingAssessedTax</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_SaleOfStockPricePerShare">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Per share amount received by subsidiary or equity investee for each share of common stock issued or sold in the stock transaction.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SaleOfStockPricePerShare</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_SharesIssued">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of shares of stock issued as of the balance sheet date, including shares that had been issued and were previously outstanding but which are now held in the treasury.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 505<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SharesIssued</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_SharesIssuedPricePerShare">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Per share or per unit amount of equity securities issued.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SharesIssuedPricePerShare</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockSplits">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of shares issued during the period as a result of a stock split.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 505<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(28))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480008/505-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockSplits</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssues">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Equity impact of the value of new stock issued during the period. Includes shares issued in an initial public offering or a secondary public offering.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 505<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(28))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 830<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 11<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479168/946-830-55-11<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 205<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478009/946-205-45-4<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 505<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478448/946-505-50-2<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-09(4)(b))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479134/946-220-S99-3<br><br>Reference 8: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480008/505-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssues</td>
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</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_TaxesAndLicenses">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of tax expense, excluding income, excise, production and property taxes, and licenses and fees not related to production.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_TaxesAndLicenses</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_TypeOfArrangementAxis=abvc_BHKCoDevelopmentAgreementMember</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionAxis=abvc_CollaborativeAgreementWithForSeeConEyeCorporationMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionAxis=abvc_CollaborativeAgreementWithForSeeConEyeCorporationMember</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionAxis=abvc_OncoXBiopPharmaIncMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis=us-gaap_ServiceAgreementsMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis=us-gaap_ServiceAgreementsMember</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis=abvc_RgeneStudiesMember</td>
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<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Property and Equipment, and Prepament for Asset Acquisition (Details) - USD ($)<br></strong></div></th>
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<th class="th" colspan="1">1 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">3 Months Ended</th>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="nump">11,513,464<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,852,827<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,904,319<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsPropertyPlantAndEquipment', window );">Valuation of property</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">37,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">37,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueOfAssetsAcquired', window );">Value of acquired amount</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">7,670,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ConstructionInProgressGross', window );">Construction-in-Progress</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">569,278<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LandAndLandImprovements', window );">Land with book value</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 334,520<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 338,966<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueAcquisitions', window );">Acquisition value</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 2,688,578<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesAcquisitions', window );">Acquisition shares (in Shares)</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">370,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">370,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharesIssuedPricePerShare', window );">Per share of common stock (in Dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 20<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1.87<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1.87<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=us-gaap_ConstructionInProgressMember', window );">Construction in Progress [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems', window );"><strong>Property and Equipment [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Depreciation', window );">Depreciation expenses</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 7,021<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,286<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 28,627<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">28,531<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SaleOfStockPercentageOfOwnershipAfterTransaction', window );">Ownership percentage</a></td>
<td class="nump">20.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">20.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=us-gaap_LandMember', window );">Land [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems', window );"><strong>Property and Equipment [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross', window );">Land with book value</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">8,004,520<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 338,966<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 363,416<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis=country_TW', window );">TAIWAN</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems', window );"><strong>Property and Equipment [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueAcquisitions', window );">Acquisition value</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">7,670,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis=country_TW', window );">TAIWAN | Land [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems', window );"><strong>Property and Equipment [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueAcquisitions', window );">Acquisition value</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 7,670,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesAcquisitions', window );">Acquisition shares (in Shares)</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,534,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharesIssuedPricePerShare', window );">Per share of common stock (in Dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 5<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 5<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_RangeAxis=srt_MaximumMember', window );">Maximum [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems', window );"><strong>Property and Equipment [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ConstructionInProgressGross', window );">Construction-in-Progress</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 7,400,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 7,400,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharesIssuedPricePerShare', window );">Per share of common stock (in Dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 20<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 20<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_RangeAxis=srt_MinimumMember', window );">Minimum [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems', window );"><strong>Property and Equipment [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ConstructionInProgressGross', window );">Construction-in-Progress</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 691,900<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 691,900<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharesIssuedPricePerShare', window );">Per share of common stock (in Dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1.87<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1.87<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis=abvc_ZhonghuiMember', window );">Zhonghui [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems', window );"><strong>Property and Equipment [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage', window );">Ownership percentage</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">20.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">20.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueOfAssetsAcquired', window );">Value of acquired amount</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 7,400,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 7,400,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockCapitalSharesReservedForFutureIssuance', window );">Aggregate shares (in Shares)</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">370,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">370,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharePrice', window );">Share price (in Dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 20<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 20<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CommonStockCapitalSharesReservedForFutureIssuance">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Aggregate number of common shares reserved for future issuance.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CommonStockCapitalSharesReservedForFutureIssuance</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ConstructionInProgressGross">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of structure or a modification to a structure under construction. Includes recently completed structures or modifications to structures that have not been placed into service.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 360<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482099/360-10-50-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ConstructionInProgressGross</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsPropertyPlantAndEquipment">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount before allocation of valuation allowances of deferred tax asset attributable to deductible temporary differences from property, plant, and equipment.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-6<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsPropertyPlantAndEquipment</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_Depreciation">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The amount of expense recognized in the current period that reflects the allocation of the cost of tangible assets over the assets' useful lives. Includes production and non-production related depreciation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 230<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-28<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 18<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147476153/220-40-55-18<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 11<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147476153/220-40-55-11<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 24<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147476153/220-40-55-24<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 12<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147476148/220-40-50-12<br><br>Reference 6: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 360<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482099/360-10-50-1<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147476148/220-40-50-6<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_Depreciation</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The percentage of ownership of common stock or equity participation in the investee accounted for under the equity method of accounting.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 825<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (f)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482907/825-10-50-28<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 323<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (a)(1)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481687/323-10-50-3<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_FairValueOfAssetsAcquired">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The fair value of assets acquired in noncash investing or financing activities.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482913/230-10-50-4<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482913/230-10-50-3<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 5<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482913/230-10-50-5<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_FairValueOfAssetsAcquired</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LandAndLandImprovements">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount before accumulated depreciation and depletion of real estate held for productive use and additions or improvements to real estate held for productive use, examples include, but are not limited to, walkways, driveways, fences, and parking lots. Excludes land held for sale.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(13))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LandAndLandImprovements</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount before accumulated depreciation, depletion and amortization of physical assets used in the normal conduct of business and not intended for resale. Examples include, but are not limited to, land, buildings, machinery and equipment, office equipment, and furniture and fixtures.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(8))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478777/944-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(13))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 360<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482099/360-10-50-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 7A<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478964/842-20-50-7A<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_SaleOfStockPercentageOfOwnershipAfterTransaction">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Percentage of subsidiary's or equity investee's stock owned by parent company after stock transaction.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SaleOfStockPercentageOfOwnershipAfterTransaction</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_SharePrice">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Price of a single share of a number of saleable stocks of a company.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SharePrice</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
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</div></td></tr>
</table>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Per share or per unit amount of equity securities issued.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SharesIssuedPricePerShare</td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of shares of stock issued during the period pursuant to acquisitions.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(28))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480008/505-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesAcquisitions</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
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<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Value of stock issued pursuant to acquisitions during the period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 505<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(30))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(31))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 5: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480008/505-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
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<td>duration</td>
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<tr>
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<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=us-gaap_ConstructionInProgressMember</td>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=us-gaap_LandMember</td>
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<tr>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Property and Equipment, and Prepament for Asset Acquisition - Schedule of Property and Equipment (Details) - USD ($)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Mar. 31, 2025</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems', window );"><strong>Schedule of Property and Equipment [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross', window );">Property and equipment, gross</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 11,513,464<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 3,852,827<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 3,904,319<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccumulatedDepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationPropertyPlantAndEquipment', window );">Less: accumulated depreciation</a></td>
<td class="num">(3,344,718)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(3,341,739)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(3,335,041)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentOtherNet', window );">Property and equipment, net</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">511,088<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">569,278<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=us-gaap_LandMember', window );">Land [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems', window );"><strong>Schedule of Property and Equipment [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross', window );">Property and equipment, gross</a></td>
<td class="nump">8,004,520<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">338,966<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">363,416<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=us-gaap_BuildingAndBuildingImprovementsMember', window );">Buildings and leasehold improvements [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems', window );"><strong>Schedule of Property and Equipment [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross', window );">Property and equipment, gross</a></td>
<td class="nump">2,217,756<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,219,244<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,227,431<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=us-gaap_MachineryAndEquipmentMember', window );">Machinery and equipment [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems', window );"><strong>Schedule of Property and Equipment [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross', window );">Property and equipment, gross</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,129,804<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,131,169<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,138,675<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=us-gaap_OfficeEquipmentMember', window );">Office equipment [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems', window );"><strong>Schedule of Property and Equipment [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross', window );">Property and equipment, gross</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 161,384<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 163,448<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 174,797<span></span>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of accumulated depreciation, depletion and amortization for physical assets used in the normal conduct of business to produce goods and services.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(8)(b))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478777/944-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(14))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 360<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482099/360-10-50-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AccumulatedDepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationPropertyPlantAndEquipment</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount before accumulated depreciation, depletion and amortization of physical assets used in the normal conduct of business and not intended for resale. Examples include, but are not limited to, land, buildings, machinery and equipment, office equipment, and furniture and fixtures.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(8))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478777/944-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(13))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 360<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482099/360-10-50-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 7A<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478964/842-20-50-7A<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentOtherNet">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount after depreciation of long-lived, physical assets used to produce goods and services and not intended for resale, classified as other.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentOtherNet</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=us-gaap_LandMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=us-gaap_LandMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=us-gaap_BuildingAndBuildingImprovementsMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=us-gaap_BuildingAndBuildingImprovementsMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=us-gaap_MachineryAndEquipmentMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=us-gaap_MachineryAndEquipmentMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=us-gaap_OfficeEquipmentMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=us-gaap_OfficeEquipmentMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Long-Term Investments (Details) - USD ($)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">3 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="5">12 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 01, 2025</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Oct. 31, 2021</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Mar. 31, 2025</div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2022</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jun. 30, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>May 24, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Mar. 14, 2024</div></th>
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<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SubsidiaryOrEquityMethodInvesteeLineItems', window );"><strong>Long-Term Investments [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_PercentageCommonStocksShares', window );">Percentage of common stock shares</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">51.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">51.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueAcquisitions', window );">Aggregate amount</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">$ 2,688,578<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PrepaymentFeesOnAdvancesNet', window );">Prepayment amount</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,895,556<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ConversionOfStockSharesConverted1', window );">Converted shares</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">994,450<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">994,450<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesAuthorized', window );">Common stock, shares authorized</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">100,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">100,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="nump">100,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued', window );">Ordinary shares issued</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">15,378,305<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">13,868,484<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="nump">7,940,298<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,610,700<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding', window );">Ordinary shares outstanding</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">15,378,305<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">13,868,484<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="nump">7,940,298<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireInterestInJointVenture', window );">Payment to joint venture</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 150,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 150,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis=abvc_BioFirstCorporationMember', window );">BioFirst Corporation [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SubsidiaryOrEquityMethodInvesteeLineItems', window );"><strong>Long-Term Investments [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_PercentageCommonStocksShares', window );">Percentage of common stock shares</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">18.68%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">18.68%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">18.68%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PrepaymentFeesOnAdvancesNet', window );">Prepayment amount</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,124,842<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued', window );">Ordinary shares issued</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,049<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,049<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding', window );">Ordinary shares outstanding</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,049<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,049<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis=abvc_RgeneCorporationtheRgeneMember', window );">Rgene Corporation (the &#8220;Rgene&#8221;) [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SubsidiaryOrEquityMethodInvesteeLineItems', window );"><strong>Long-Term Investments [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_PercentageCommonStocksShares', window );">Percentage of common stock shares</a></td>
<td class="nump">37.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">26.65%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">26.65%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">26.65%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis=abvc_BioLiteJapanKKMember', window );">BioLite Japan K.K. [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SubsidiaryOrEquityMethodInvesteeLineItems', window );"><strong>Long-Term Investments [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_PercentageCommonStocksShares', window );">Percentage of common stock shares</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">49.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">49.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesAuthorized', window );">Common stock, shares authorized</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">10,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">10,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireInterestInJointVenture', window );">Payment to joint venture</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 150,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 150,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis=abvc_BioLiteJPMember', window );">BioLite JP [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SubsidiaryOrEquityMethodInvesteeLineItems', window );"><strong>Long-Term Investments [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InvestmentOwnedBalanceShares', window );">Owned shares</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,494<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,494<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis=us-gaap_CommonStockMember', window );">Common Stock [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SubsidiaryOrEquityMethodInvesteeLineItems', window );"><strong>Long-Term Investments [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued', window );">Ordinary shares issued</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">41,387<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">200,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis=us-gaap_CommonStockMember', window );">Common Stock [Member] | Lucidaim Co Ltd [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SubsidiaryOrEquityMethodInvesteeLineItems', window );"><strong>Long-Term Investments [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InvestmentOwnedBalanceShares', window );">Owned shares</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,555<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,555<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="12"></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="12"><table class="outerFootnotes" width="100%"><tr class="outerFootnote">
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 12pt;" valign="top">[1]</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;" valign="top"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Prior period results have been adjusted to reflect the 1-for-10 reverse stock split effected on July 25, 2023.</span></td>
</tr></table></td></tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_abvc_PercentageCommonStocksShares">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Percentage value of common stocks shares.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">abvc_PercentageCommonStocksShares</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>abvc_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesAuthorized">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The maximum number of common shares permitted to be issued by an entity's charter and bylaws.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-04(16)(a))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479170/946-210-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CommonStockSharesAuthorized</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Total number of common shares of an entity that have been sold or granted to shareholders (includes common shares that were issued, repurchased and remain in the treasury). These shares represent capital invested by the firm's shareholders and owners, and may be all or only a portion of the number of shares authorized. Shares issued include shares outstanding and shares held in the treasury.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of shares of common stock outstanding. Common stock represent the ownership interest in a corporation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 505<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-05(4))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479170/946-210-S99-2<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-09(4)(b))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479134/946-220-S99-3<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-04(16)(a))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479170/946-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-09(7))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479134/946-220-S99-3<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ConversionOfStockSharesConverted1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The number of shares converted in a noncash (or part noncash) transaction. Noncash is defined as transactions during a period that do not result in cash receipts or cash payments in the period. "Part noncash" refers to that portion of the transaction not resulting in cash receipts or cash payments in the period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482913/230-10-50-4<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482913/230-10-50-3<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 5<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482913/230-10-50-5<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ConversionOfStockSharesConverted1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_InvestmentOwnedBalanceShares">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of shares of investment owned.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478795/946-210-50-6<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477439/946-210-55-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)(1)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478795/946-210-50-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 320<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.12-12(Column B))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477271/946-320-S99-1<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 320<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.12-12B(Column B))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477271/946-320-S99-3<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 320<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.12-14(Column B))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477271/946-320-S99-6<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_InvestmentOwnedBalanceShares</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireInterestInJointVenture">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The cash outflow associated with the investment in or advances to an entity in which the reporting entity shares control of the entity with another party or group.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 13<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-13<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireInterestInJointVenture</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PrepaymentFeesOnAdvancesNet">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of income earned, after hedging basis adjustments, from fees charged for prepayment of certain Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLBank) advances before original maturity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PrepaymentFeesOnAdvancesNet</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueAcquisitions">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Value of stock issued pursuant to acquisitions during the period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 505<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(30))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(31))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 5: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480008/505-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueAcquisitions</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_SubsidiaryOrEquityMethodInvesteeLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SubsidiaryOrEquityMethodInvesteeLineItems</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis=abvc_BioLiteJapanKKMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis=abvc_BioLiteJPMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis=abvc_BioLiteJPMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis=us-gaap_CommonStockMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis=us-gaap_CommonStockMember</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis=abvc_LucidaimCoLtdMember</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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</div></td></tr>
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>174
<FILENAME>R51.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
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<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Long-Term Investments - Schedule of Ownership Percentages of Each Investee (Details)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">3 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">12 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="2"></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th" colspan="2"><div>Mar. 31, 2025</div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis=abvc_BraingenesisBiotechnologyCoLtdMember', window );">Braingenesis Biotechnology Co., Ltd. [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentsLineItems', window );"><strong>Schedule of Ownership Percentages of Each Investee [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage', window );">Ownership percentage</a></td>
<td class="nump">0.17%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="nump">0.17%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1],[2]</sup></td>
<td class="nump">0.17%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[2]</sup></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentAdditionalInformation', window );">Accounting treatments</a></td>
<td class="text">Cost Method<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="text">Cost Method<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[2]</sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis=abvc_GenepharmBiotechCorporationMember', window );">Genepharm Biotech Corporation [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentsLineItems', window );"><strong>Schedule of Ownership Percentages of Each Investee [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage', window );">Ownership percentage</a></td>
<td class="nump">0.67%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">0.67%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">0.67%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentAdditionalInformation', window );">Accounting treatments</a></td>
<td class="text">Cost Method<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">Cost Method<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis=abvc_BioHopeKingCorporationMember', window );">BioHopeKing Corporation [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentsLineItems', window );"><strong>Schedule of Ownership Percentages of Each Investee [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage', window );">Ownership percentage</a></td>
<td class="nump">5.90%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">5.90%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">5.90%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentAdditionalInformation', window );">Accounting treatments</a></td>
<td class="text">Cost Method<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">Cost Method<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis=abvc_ForSeeConEyeCorporationMember', window );">ForSeeCon Eye Corporation [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentsLineItems', window );"><strong>Schedule of Ownership Percentages of Each Investee [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage', window );">Ownership percentage</a></td>
<td class="nump">19.78%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">19.78%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentAdditionalInformation', window );">Accounting treatments</a></td>
<td class="text">Cost Method<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">Cost Method<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis=abvc_BioFirstCorporationMember', window );">BioFirst Corporation [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentsLineItems', window );"><strong>Schedule of Ownership Percentages of Each Investee [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage', window );">Ownership percentage</a></td>
<td class="nump">18.68%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">18.68%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">18.68%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentAdditionalInformation', window );">Accounting treatments</a></td>
<td class="text">Equity&#160;Method<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">Equity&#160;Method<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis=abvc_OncoXBioPharmaIncMember', window );">OncoX BioPharma, Inc. [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentsLineItems', window );"><strong>Schedule of Ownership Percentages of Each Investee [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage', window );">Ownership percentage</a></td>
<td class="nump">24.97%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">24.97%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentAdditionalInformation', window );">Accounting treatments</a></td>
<td class="text">Equity Method<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">Equity Method<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis=abvc_RgeneCorporationMember', window );">Rgene Corporation [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentsLineItems', window );"><strong>Schedule of Ownership Percentages of Each Investee [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage', window );">Ownership percentage</a></td>
<td class="nump">37.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">26.65%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">26.65%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentAdditionalInformation', window );">Accounting treatments</a></td>
<td class="text">Equity Method<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">Equity Method<span></span>
</td>
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<td style="vertical-align: top;" valign="top"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">This company was acquired by Canal Biotech Corporation Inc. Our stock is in the process of replacement with the stock of the acquired company and the ownership percentage is subject to change.</span></td>
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<td style="vertical-align: top;" valign="top"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">This company was acquired by Canal Biotech Corporation Inc. Our stock is in the process of replacement with the stock of the acquired company and the ownership percentage is subject to change.</span></td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
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<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Long-Term Investments - Schedule of Extent the Investee Relies (Details)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">3 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
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<th class="th"><div>Mar. 31, 2025</div></th>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionDescriptionOfTransaction', window );">The extent the investee relies on the Company for its business, description</a></td>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionDescriptionOfTransaction', window );">The extent the investee relies on the Company for its business, description</a></td>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SubsidiaryOrEquityMethodInvesteeLineItems', window );"><strong>Schedule of Extent the Investee Relies [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionDescriptionOfTransaction', window );">The extent the investee relies on the Company for its business, description</a></td>
<td class="text">Collaborating with the Company to develop and commercialize ophthalmic medical devices (referring to Note 4, Collaborative Agreements)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">Collaborating with the Company to develop and commercialize ophthalmic medical devices (referring to Note 4, Collaborative Agreements)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=abvc_BioFirstCorporationMember', window );">BioFirst Corporation [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SubsidiaryOrEquityMethodInvesteeLineItems', window );"><strong>Schedule of Extent the Investee Relies [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionDescriptionOfTransaction', window );">The extent the investee relies on the Company for its business, description</a></td>
<td class="text">Loaned from the investee and provides research and development support service<span></span>
</td>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SubsidiaryOrEquityMethodInvesteeLineItems', window );"><strong>Schedule of Extent the Investee Relies [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionDescriptionOfTransaction', window );">The extent the investee relies on the Company for its business, description</a></td>
<td class="text">Collaborating with the Company to develop and commercialize single-herb botanical drug for treatment of certain diseases (referring to Note 4, Collaborative Agreements)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">Collaborating with the Company to develop and commercialize single-herb botanical drug for treatment of certain diseases (referring to Note 4, Collaborative Agreements)<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SubsidiaryOrEquityMethodInvesteeLineItems', window );"><strong>Schedule of Extent the Investee Relies [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionDescriptionOfTransaction', window );">The extent the investee relies on the Company for its business, description</a></td>
<td class="text">Collaborating with the Company to develop and commercialize drugs (referring to Note 4, Collaborative Agreements)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">Collaborating with the Company to develop and commercialize drugs (referring to Note 4, Collaborative Agreements)<span></span>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=abvc_GenepharmBiotechCorporationMember</td>
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<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=abvc_BioHopeKingCorporationMember</td>
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<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=abvc_BioLiteJapanKKMember</td>
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<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=abvc_BioFirstCorporationMember</td>
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<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=abvc_OncoXBioPharmaIncMember</td>
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<th class="th" colspan="2"><div>Mar. 31, 2025</div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th>
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<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
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<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
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<td class="nump">2,760,062<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">2,258,754<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">2,527,740<span></span>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionAxis=abvc_BraingenesisBiotechnologyCoLtdMember', window );">Braingenesis Biotechnology Co., Ltd. [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_NonMarketableCostMethodInvestmentsNetAbstract', window );"><strong>Non-marketable Cost Method Investments, net</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesNoncurrent', window );">Non-marketable Cost Method Investments, net</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">6,640<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">6,727<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">7,213<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionAxis=abvc_GenepharmBiotechCorporationMember', window );">Genepharm Biotech Corporation [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_NonMarketableCostMethodInvestmentsNetAbstract', window );"><strong>Non-marketable Cost Method Investments, net</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesNoncurrent', window );">Non-marketable Cost Method Investments, net</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">20,271<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">20,540<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">22,021<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionAxis=abvc_ForSeeConEyeCorporationMember', window );">ForSeeCon Eye Corporation [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_NonMarketableCostMethodInvestmentsNetAbstract', window );"><strong>Non-marketable Cost Method Investments, net</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesNoncurrent', window );">Non-marketable Cost Method Investments, net</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionAxis=abvc_BioHopeKingCorporationMember', window );">BioHopeKing Corporation [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_NonMarketableCostMethodInvestmentsNetAbstract', window );"><strong>Non-marketable Cost Method Investments, net</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesNoncurrent', window );">Non-marketable Cost Method Investments, net</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">752,880<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">762,983<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">818,018<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionAxis=abvc_BioFirstCorporationMember', window );">BioFirst Corporation [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_EquityMethodInvestmentsNetAbstract', window );"><strong>Equity Method Investments, net</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LongTermInvestments', window );">Equity Method Investments, net</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">1,420,800<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[2]</sup></td>
<td class="nump">1,468,504<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[2],[3]</sup></td>
<td class="nump">1,680,488<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[3]</sup></td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionAxis=abvc_RgeneCorporationMember', window );">Rgene Corporation [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_EquityMethodInvestmentsNetAbstract', window );"><strong>Equity Method Investments, net</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LongTermInvestments', window );">Equity Method Investments, net</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">559,471<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[4]</sup></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[4],[5]</sup></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[5]</sup></td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionAxis=abvc_BioLiteJapanKKBioLiteJPMember', window );">BioLite Japan K.K. (BioLite JP) [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_EquityMethodInvestmentsNetAbstract', window );"><strong>Equity Method Investments, net</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LongTermInvestments', window );">Equity Method Investments, net</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[6]</sup></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionAxis=abvc_OncoXBioPharmaIncMember', window );">OncoX BioPharma, Inc. [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_EquityMethodInvestmentsNetAbstract', window );"><strong>Equity Method Investments, net</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LongTermInvestments', window );">Equity Method Investments, net</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[7]</sup></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="7"></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="7"><table class="outerFootnotes" width="100%">
<tr class="outerFootnote">
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 12pt;" valign="top">[1]</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;" valign="top">ForSeeCon Eye Corporation (FEYE)
FEYE is a private company registered in the British Virgin Islands, focusing on the field of diagnosis and treatment of eye disorders, with its main product of Vitargus. The Company granted FEYE certain licensed products in exchange of FEYE ownership. See Note 4 for detail of such transactions.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="outerFootnote">
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 12pt;" valign="top">[2]</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;" valign="top">BioFirst Corporation (the &#8220;BioFirst&#8221;):
The Company holds an equity interest in BioFirst Corporation, accounting for its equity interest using the equity method to accounts for its equity investment as prescribed in ASC 323, Investments&#8212;Equity Method and Joint Ventures (&#8220;ASC 323&#8221;). Equity method adjustments include the Company&#8217;s proportionate share of investee&#8217;s income or loss and other adjustments required by the equity method. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company owns 18.68% and 18.68% common stock shares of BioFirst, respectively. The Company made a prepayment for equity investment in BioFirst to purchase additional shares to be issued by BioFirst in the aggregate amount of $2,688,578, recorded as prepayment for long-term investments as of December 31, 2022. On July 19, 2023, the Company successfully completed the registration process for this investment. The initial prepayment was $1,895,556, which is a portion of the prepayment as of December 31, 2022, and was converted into 994,450 shares of BioFirst stock. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the amount of prepayment for long-term investments in Biofirst is both $1,124,842.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="outerFootnote">
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 12pt;" valign="top">[3]</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;" valign="top">BioFirst Corporation (the &#8220;BioFirst&#8221;):
The Company holds an equity interest in BioFirst Corporation, accounting for its equity interest using the equity method to accounts for its equity investment as prescribed in ASC 323, Investments&#8212;Equity Method and Joint Ventures (&#8220;ASC 323&#8221;). Equity method adjustments include the Company&#8217;s proportionate share of investee&#8217;s income or loss and other adjustments required by the equity method. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company owns 18.68% and 18.68% common stock shares of BioFirst, respectively. The Company made a prepayment for equity investment in BioFirst to purchase additional shares to be issued by BioFirst in the aggregate amount of $2,688,578, recorded as prepayment for long-term investments as of December 31, 2022. On July 19, 2023, the Company successfully completed the registration process for this investment. The initial prepayment was $1,895,556, which is a portion of the prepayment as of December 31, 2022, and was converted into 994,450 shares of BioFirst stock. As of December 31, 2024, the amount of prepayment for long-term investments in Biofirst is $1,124,842.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="outerFootnote">
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 12pt;" valign="top">[4]</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;" valign="top">Rgene Corporation (the &#8220;Rgene&#8221;)
As described in Note 4, the Company acquired 26.65% of Rgene&#8217;s outstanding common shares since 2018 through multiple collaborative agreements, and has been accounting this equity investment with equity method as prescribed in ASC 323, Investments&#8212;Equity Method and Joint Ventures (&#8220;ASC 323&#8221;). Equity method adjustments include the Company&#8217;s proportionate share of investee&#8217;s income or loss and other adjustments required by the equity method. Further, as disclosed in Note 10 Related Party Transactions, the Company entered a convertible loan agreement with Rgene in 2022 and has been working with Rgene to obtain approval for the Company to exercise the conversion from Department of Investment Review in Taiwan, a government agency reviews foreign investors conducting investment in Taiwan. In May 2024, the conversion request for the conversion was approved but the Company was not informed by Rgene until April 2025. The Company determined that the impact to the financial statements is immaterial and assumed the conversion was incurred on January 1, 2025. After the conversion, the Company owns 37% of outstanding shares of Rgene.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="outerFootnote">
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 12pt;" valign="top">[5]</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;" valign="top">Rgene Corporation (the &#8220;Rgene&#8221;)
Both Rgene and the Company are under common control by Dr. Tsung-Shann Jiang, the CEO and chairman of the BioLite Inc. Since Dr. Tsung-Shann Jiang is able to exercise significant influence, but not control, over the Rgene, the Company determined to use the equity method to accounts for its equity investment as prescribed in ASC 323, Investments&#8212;Equity Method and Joint Ventures (&#8220;ASC 323&#8221;). Equity method adjustments include the Company&#8217;s proportionate share of investee&#8217;s income or loss and other adjustments required by the equity method. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company owns 26.65% and 26.65% common stock shares of Rgene, respectively.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="outerFootnote">
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 12pt;" valign="top">[6]</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;" valign="top">BioLite Japan K.K. (BioLite JP)
In October 2021, the Company, Lucidaim Co., Ltd., a Japanese corporation (&#8220;Lucidaim,&#8221; together with the Company, the &#8220;Shareholders&#8221;), and BioLite Japan K.K., a Japanese corporation (&#8220;BioLite JP&#8221;) entered into a Joint Venture Agreement. BioLite JP is a private limited company incorporated on December 18, 2018. The business of the joint venture is the research and development of drugs, medical device and digital media, investment, fund running and consulting, distribution and marketing of supplements carried on by BioLite JP and its subsidiaries in Japan, or any other territory or businesses. At the date of the Agreement, BioLite JP has 10,000 ordinary shares authorized, with 3,049 ordinary shares issued and outstanding (the &#8220;Ordinary Shares&#8221;). Pursuant to the Agreement and the related share transfer agreement, Lucidaim shall own 1,555 Ordinary Shares (51%) and the Company shall own 1,494 Ordinary Shares (49%). The Company paid $150,000 towards the setup of the joint venture; BioLite Japan&#8217;s other shareholder also paid $150,000 after the Letter of Intent was signed. This prepayment is booked in prepayment for investment. As of December 31, 2024, the Company evaluated the investee&#8217;s business and financial conditions and determined to fully impair such prepayment.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="outerFootnote">
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 12pt;" valign="top">[7]</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;" valign="top">OncoX BioPharma, Inc. (OncoX)
OncoX is a private company registered in the British Virgin Islands, focusing on oncology trials and drug development across Asia-Pacific. The Company granted OncoX certain licensed products in exchange of OncoX&#8217;s ownership. See Note 4 for detail of such transactions.</td>
</tr>
</table></td></tr>
</table>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">abvc_NonMarketableCostMethodInvestmentsNetAbstract</td>
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<td>abvc_</td>
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<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesNoncurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, after allowance for credit loss, of investment in debt security measured at fair value with change in fair value recognized in other comprehensive income (available-for-sale) and investment in debt security measured at amortized cost (held-to-maturity), classified as noncurrent.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesNoncurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
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</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LongTermInvestments">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The total amount of investments that are intended to be held for an extended period of time (longer than one operating cycle).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(12))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LongTermInvestments</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
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</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionAxis=abvc_BraingenesisBiotechnologyCoLtdMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionAxis=abvc_BraingenesisBiotechnologyCoLtdMember</td>
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<tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionAxis=abvc_GenepharmBiotechCorporationMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionAxis=abvc_GenepharmBiotechCorporationMember</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionAxis=abvc_BioHopeKingCorporationMember</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionAxis=abvc_RgeneCorporationMember</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Long-Term Investments - Schedule of Balance Sheets (Details) - USD ($)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=abvc_BioFirstMember', window );">BioFirst [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_CondensedBalanceSheetStatementsCaptionsLineItems', window );"><strong>Schedule of Balance Sheet [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AssetsCurrent', window );">Current Assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,323,952<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,451,877<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AssetsNoncurrent', window );">Non-current Assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,083,472<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">686,206<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent', window );">Current Liabilities</a></td>
<td class="nump">3,508,413<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,286,058<span></span>
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<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesNoncurrent', window );">Non-current Liabilities</a></td>
<td class="nump">114,606<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">347,193<span></span>
</td>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquity', window );">Shareholders&#8217; Deficit</a></td>
<td class="num">(1,215,595)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(495,168)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=abvc_RgeneMember', window );">Rgene [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_CondensedBalanceSheetStatementsCaptionsLineItems', window );"><strong>Schedule of Balance Sheet [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AssetsCurrent', window );">Current Assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">46,491<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">50,538<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AssetsNoncurrent', window );">Non-current Assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">222,988<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">250,716<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent', window );">Current Liabilities</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,546,123<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,591,960<span></span>
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<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesNoncurrent', window );">Non-current Liabilities</a></td>
<td class="nump">319<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">811<span></span>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquity', window );">Shareholders&#8217; Deficit</a></td>
<td class="num">$ (1,276,963)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (2,291,517)<span></span>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_CondensedBalanceSheetStatementsCaptionsLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Name Regulation S-X (SX)<br> -Number 210<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection 04<br> -Paragraph a<br> -Publisher SEC<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 235<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477314/942-235-S99-2<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480738/235-10-S50-4<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.12-04(a))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-3<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/recommendedDisclosureRef<br> -Topic 810<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 11<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481231/810-10-45-11<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_CondensedBalanceSheetStatementsCaptionsLineItems</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of asset recognized for present right to economic benefit, classified as current.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480738/235-10-S50-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(g)(1)(i))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 825<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (f)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482907/825-10-50-28<br><br>Reference 4: 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-Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481687/323-10-50-3<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481372/852-10-55-10<br><br>Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483467/210-10-45-1<br><br>Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(9))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 470<br> 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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AssetsCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AssetsNoncurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Sum of the carrying amounts as of the balance sheet date of all assets that are expected to be realized in cash, sold or consumed after one year or beyond the normal operating cycle, if longer.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AssetsNoncurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Total obligations incurred as part of normal operations that are expected to be paid during the following twelve months or within one business cycle, if longer.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of obligation due after one year or beyond the normal operating cycle, if longer.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LiabilitiesNoncurrent</td>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of equity (deficit) attributable to parent. Excludes temporary equity and equity attributable to noncontrolling interest.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Long-Term Investments - Schedule of Statements of Operations (Details) - USD ($)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<tr class="ro">
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<tr class="re">
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<td class="nump">$ 734<span></span>
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<td class="nump">289<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_CondensedIncomeStatementsCaptionsLineItems', window );"><strong>Schedule of Statement of Operations [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Revenues', window );">Net sales</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
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<td class="text"> <span></span>
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<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_GrossProfit', window );">Gross Profit</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss', window );">Net loss</a></td>
<td class="num">(118,367)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(1,550,123)<span></span>
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<tr class="ro">
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<td class="text"> <span></span>
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<td class="text"> <span></span>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Aggregate revenue less cost of goods and services sold or operating expenses directly attributable to the revenue generation activity.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of income (loss) for proportionate share of equity method investee's income (loss).</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The portion of profit or loss for the period, net of income taxes, which is attributable to the parent.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_Revenues">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of revenue recognized from goods sold, services rendered, insurance premiums, or other activities that constitute an earning process. Includes, but is not limited to, investment and interest income before deduction of interest expense when recognized as a component of revenue, and sales and trading gain (loss).</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<th class="th"><div>Mar. 31, 2025</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Mar. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Convertible Notes Payable (Details) - USD ($)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
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<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
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<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
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<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">3 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="4">12 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
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<th class="th"><div>Apr. 01, 2025</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Mar. 03, 2025</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 09, 2025</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 05, 2025</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Nov. 19, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Nov. 05, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>May 22, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 17, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Nov. 30, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Nov. 17, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Sep. 12, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Feb. 28, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Feb. 23, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Mar. 31, 2025</div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Nov. 01, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Feb. 29, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Feb. 06, 2024</div></th>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 3.5<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightExercisePriceOfWarrantsOrRights1', window );">Initial exercise price (in Dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 2<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueAdjustmentOfWarrants', window );">Fair value of warrants</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 925,210<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 480,795<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_OutstandingBalanceAmount', window );">Outstanding amount</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 222,522<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 274,170<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">$ 19,789<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_PercentageOfAverageAmount', window );">Percentage of average amount</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">90.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_PercentageOfCashPermium', window );">Percentage of cash premium</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">5.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">5.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_PercentageOfOutstandingPrincipalAmount', window );">Percentage of outstanding principal amount</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">115.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_GeneralPartnersCapitalAccount', window );">Market capitalization</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 12,500,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 12,500,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_WarrantExercisePriceIncrease', window );">Warrant exercise price (in Dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.75<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.75<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 2<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ReceivableWithImputedInterestFaceAmount', window );">Convertible note in principal amount</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PreferredStockConvertibleConversionPrice', window );">Conversion price (in Dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentRedemptionPricePercentageOfPrincipalAmountRedeemed', window );">Percentage of principal amount</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">120.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">120.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_PurchasePriceAmount', window );">Purchase price amount</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 833,333<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PaymentsForRepurchaseOfWarrants', window );">Purchase warrant to purchase</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_WarrantExercisePriceDecrease', window );">Warrant exercise reduced (in Dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.75<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 10.5<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InterestExpenseOther', window );">Interest expenses</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 773,139<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">1,233,284<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ConvertibleNotesPayable', window );">Principal amount</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">$ 886,522<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_ConsiderationAmount', window );">Total consideration</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 60,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_PercentageOfAnnualDiscountRate', window );">Percentage of annual discount rate</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">6.89%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">6.89%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare', window );">Common stock per share (in Dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.001<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.001<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.001<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfDebt', window );">Issuance of debt</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 56,132<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 56,132<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InterestExpenseDebt', window );">Interest expense</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">646<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_TradingDays', window );">Trading days</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">20 days<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">20 years<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">20 days<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_ConsecutiveDays', window );">Consecutive days</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">10 days<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfSecuritiesCalledByWarrantsOrRights', window );">Purchase of warrant (in Shares)</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentAxis=abvc_OtherConvertibleNotesPayableMember', window );">Other Convertible Notes Payable [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtConversionLineItems', window );"><strong>Convertible Notes Payable [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentConvertibleIfConvertedValueInExcessOfPrincipal', window );">Principal amount</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 400,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 800,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentConvertibleConversionPrice1', window );">Conversion price per share (in Dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ConvertibleNotesPayable', window );">Principal amount</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">$ 30,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentTerm', window );">Maturity term period</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">1 year<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">1 year<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentAxis=abvc_OtherConvertibleNotesPayableMember', window );">Other Convertible Notes Payable [Member] | Forecast [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtConversionLineItems', window );"><strong>Convertible Notes Payable [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentConvertibleIfConvertedValueInExcessOfPrincipal', window );">Principal amount</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 400,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_DebtInstrumentOutstandingPrincipal', window );">Outstanding principal</a></td>
<td class="nump">600,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentAxis=abvc_LindNotesPayableMember', window );">Lind Notes Payable [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtConversionLineItems', window );"><strong>Convertible Notes Payable [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_WarrantExercisePriceIncrease', window );">Warrant exercise price (in Dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 2<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_PurchaseWarrantTerm', window );">Purchase warrant term</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">5 years<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightAxis=abvc_WarrantDebtDiscountMember', window );">Warrant Debt Discount [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtConversionLineItems', window );"><strong>Convertible Notes Payable [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueAdjustmentOfWarrants', window );">Fair value of warrants</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 394,071<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 480,795<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,225,543<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightAxis=abvc_LindWarrantMember', window );">Lind Warrant [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtConversionLineItems', window );"><strong>Convertible Notes Payable [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightExercisePriceOfWarrantsOrRights1', window );">Initial exercise price (in Dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 10.5<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_WarrantExercisePriceIncrease', window );">Warrant exercise price (in Dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.75<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 3.5<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_WarrantExercisePriceDecrease', window );">Warrant exercise reduced (in Dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.4<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.42<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.75<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightAxis=abvc_LindNotesPayableMember', window );">Lind Notes Payable [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtConversionLineItems', window );"><strong>Convertible Notes Payable [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_PurchaseWarrantTerm', window );">Purchase warrant term</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">5 years<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTypeAxis=abvc_LindGlobalFundIILPMember', window );">Lind Global Fund II, LP [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtConversionLineItems', window );"><strong>Convertible Notes Payable [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentConvertibleIfConvertedValueInExcessOfPrincipal', window );">Principal amount</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 3,704,167<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PaymentsForPreviousAcquisition', window );">Purchase price</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 3,175,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockConvertibleConversionPriceIncrease', window );">Common stock at an initial conversion price (in Dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 10.5<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesIssuedForServices', window );">Common stock purchase warrant (in Shares)</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">529,167<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTypeAxis=abvc_LindWarrantMember', window );">Lind Warrant [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtConversionLineItems', window );"><strong>Convertible Notes Payable [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightExercisePriceOfWarrantsOrRights1', window );">Initial exercise price (in Dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 10.5<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTypeAxis=us-gaap_ConvertibleNotesPayableMember', window );">Convertible Notes Payable [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtConversionLineItems', window );"><strong>Convertible Notes Payable [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PaymentsForPreviousAcquisition', window );">Purchase price</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesIssuedForServices', window );">Common stock purchase warrant (in Shares)</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightExercisePriceOfWarrantsOrRights1', window );">Initial exercise price (in Dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 2<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_OutstandingBalanceAmount', window );">Outstanding amount</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 308,651<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 308,651<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_PercentageOfAverageAmount', window );">Percentage of average amount</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">90.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">90.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">90.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_PercentageOfOutstandingPrincipalAmount', window );">Percentage of outstanding principal amount</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">120.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">120.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PreferredStockConvertibleConversionPrice', window );">Conversion price (in Dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 3.5<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DeferredCompensationArrangementWithIndividualExercisePrice', window );">Exercise price (in Dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 2<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfSecuritiesCalledByWarrantsOrRights', window );">Purchase of warrant (in Shares)</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTypeAxis=us-gaap_ConvertibleNotesPayableMember', window );">Convertible Notes Payable [Member] | Other Convertible Notes Payable [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtConversionLineItems', window );"><strong>Convertible Notes Payable [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentTerm', window );">Maturity term period</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">1 year<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">1 year<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTypeAxis=abvc_OtherConvertibleNotesPayableMember', window );">Other Convertible Notes Payable [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtConversionLineItems', window );"><strong>Convertible Notes Payable [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ConvertibleNotesPayable', window );">Principal amount</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">$ 30,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShortTermDebtPercentageBearingFixedInterestRate', window );">Bearing interest rate</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AmortizationOfDebtDiscountPremium', window );">Debit discount</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 3,868<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 3,868<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InterestExpenseDebt', window );">Interest expense</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">984<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionAxis=abvc_LindNotesMember', window );">Lind Notes [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtConversionLineItems', window );"><strong>Convertible Notes Payable [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InterestExpenseOther', window );">Interest expenses</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 209,372<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 172,884<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=abvc_SecondLindNoteMember', window );">2nd Lind Note [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtConversionLineItems', window );"><strong>Convertible Notes Payable [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ReceivableWithImputedInterestFaceAmount', window );">Convertible note in principal amount</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,200,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeAxis=us-gaap_SubsequentEventMember', window );">Subsequent Event [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtConversionLineItems', window );"><strong>Convertible Notes Payable [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfSecuritiesCalledByWarrantsOrRights', window );">Purchase of warrant (in Shares)</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,029,167<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeAxis=us-gaap_SubsequentEventMember', window );">Subsequent Event [Member] | Other Convertible Notes Payable [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtConversionLineItems', window );"><strong>Convertible Notes Payable [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentConvertibleIfConvertedValueInExcessOfPrincipal', window );">Principal amount</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 200,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_RangeAxis=srt_MaximumMember', window );">Maximum [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtConversionLineItems', window );"><strong>Convertible Notes Payable [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentConvertibleConversionPrice1', window );">Conversion price per share (in Dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.4932<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtConversionConvertedInstrumentWarrantsOrOptionsIssued1', window );">Warrants issued (in Shares)</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">529,167<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_RangeAxis=srt_MaximumMember', window );">Maximum [Member] | Lind Warrant [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtConversionLineItems', window );"><strong>Convertible Notes Payable [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_WarrantExercisePriceDecrease', window );">Warrant exercise reduced (in Dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0.75<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_RangeAxis=srt_MaximumMember', window );">Maximum [Member] | Subsequent Event [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtConversionLineItems', window );"><strong>Convertible Notes Payable [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightExercisePriceOfWarrantsOrRights1', window );">Initial exercise price (in Dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.75<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_RangeAxis=srt_MinimumMember', window );">Minimum [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtConversionLineItems', window );"><strong>Convertible Notes Payable [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentConvertibleConversionPrice1', window );">Conversion price per share (in Dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0.7907<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtConversionConvertedInstrumentWarrantsOrOptionsIssued1', window );">Warrants issued (in Shares)</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">470,833<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_RangeAxis=srt_MinimumMember', window );">Minimum [Member] | Lind Warrant [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtConversionLineItems', window );"><strong>Convertible Notes Payable [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_WarrantExercisePriceDecrease', window );">Warrant exercise reduced (in Dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.42<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_RangeAxis=srt_MinimumMember', window );">Minimum [Member] | Subsequent Event [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtConversionLineItems', window );"><strong>Convertible Notes Payable [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightExercisePriceOfWarrantsOrRights1', window );">Initial exercise price (in Dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.4<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonStockMember', window );">Common Stock [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtConversionLineItems', window );"><strong>Convertible Notes Payable [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtConversionConvertedInstrumentWarrantsOrOptionsIssued1', window );">Warrants issued (in Shares)</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,029,167<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">500,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare', window );">Common stock per share (in Dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 5<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 5<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="23"></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="23"><table class="outerFootnotes" width="100%"><tr class="outerFootnote">
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 12pt;" valign="top">[1]</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;" valign="top"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Prior period results have been adjusted to reflect the 1-for-10 reverse stock split effected on July 25, 2023.</span></td>
</tr></table></td></tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_abvc_ConsecutiveDays">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Consecutive days.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">abvc_ConsecutiveDays</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>abvc_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:durationItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_abvc_ConsiderationAmount">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The consideration amount.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">abvc_ConsiderationAmount</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>abvc_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_abvc_DebtInstrumentOutstandingPrincipal">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of outstanding principal.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">abvc_DebtInstrumentOutstandingPrincipal</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>abvc_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_abvc_OutstandingBalanceAmount">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The amount of outstanding balance amount.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">abvc_OutstandingBalanceAmount</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>abvc_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_abvc_PercentageOfAnnualDiscountRate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The percentage of annual discount rate.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">abvc_PercentageOfAnnualDiscountRate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>abvc_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_abvc_PercentageOfAverageAmount">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Percentage of average amount.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">abvc_PercentageOfAverageAmount</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>abvc_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_abvc_PercentageOfCashPermium">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Percentage of cash premium.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">abvc_PercentageOfCashPermium</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>abvc_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_abvc_PercentageOfOutstandingPrincipalAmount">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Percentage of outstanding principal amount.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">abvc_PercentageOfOutstandingPrincipalAmount</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>abvc_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_abvc_PurchasePriceAmount">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Purchase price amount.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">abvc_PurchasePriceAmount</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>abvc_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_abvc_PurchaseWarrantTerm">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Term of the purchase warrant.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">abvc_PurchaseWarrantTerm</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>abvc_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:durationItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_abvc_TradingDays">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Trading days.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">abvc_TradingDays</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>abvc_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:durationItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AmortizationOfDebtDiscountPremium">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of noncash expense included in interest expense to amortize debt discount and premium associated with the related debt instruments. Excludes amortization of financing costs. Alternate captions include noncash interest expense.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 230<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-28<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(8))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483621/220-10-S99-2<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1F<br> -Subparagraph (b)(2)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-1F<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 835<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482925/835-30-45-3<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AmortizationOfDebtDiscountPremium</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightExercisePriceOfWarrantsOrRights1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Exercise price per share or per unit of warrants or rights outstanding.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480738/235-10-S50-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(h)(4))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-3<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightExercisePriceOfWarrantsOrRights1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfSecuritiesCalledByWarrantsOrRights">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of securities into which the class of warrant or right may be converted. For example, but not limited to, 500,000 warrants may be converted into 1,000,000 shares.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-3<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfSecuritiesCalledByWarrantsOrRights</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CommonStockConvertibleConversionPriceIncrease">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Per share increase in conversion price of convertible common stock. Excludes change due to standard antidilution provision.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-3<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CommonStockConvertibleConversionPriceIncrease</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Face amount or stated value per share of common stock.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ConvertibleNotesPayable">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Including the current and noncurrent portions, carrying value as of the balance sheet date of a written promise to pay a note, initially due after one year or beyond the operating cycle if longer, which can be exchanged for a specified amount of one or more securities (typically common stock), at the option of the issuer or the holder.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(22))<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 210<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-03(16))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478546/942-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(16)(a)(2))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478777/944-210-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ConvertibleNotesPayable</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DebtConversionConvertedInstrumentWarrantsOrOptionsIssued1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The number of warrants issued in exchange for the original debt being converted in a noncash (or part noncash) transaction. "Part noncash" refers to that portion of the transaction not resulting in cash receipts or cash payments in the period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482913/230-10-50-3<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 5<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482913/230-10-50-5<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DebtConversionConvertedInstrumentWarrantsOrOptionsIssued1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DebtConversionLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DebtConversionLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentConvertibleConversionPrice1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The price per share of the conversion feature embedded in the debt instrument.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-1B<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 5<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-5<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DebtInstrumentConvertibleConversionPrice1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentConvertibleIfConvertedValueInExcessOfPrincipal">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The amount by which the convertible debt's if-converted value exceeds its principle amount at the balance sheet date, regardless of whether the instrument is currently convertible. This element applies to public companies only.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 5<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-5<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DebtInstrumentConvertibleIfConvertedValueInExcessOfPrincipal</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentRedemptionPricePercentageOfPrincipalAmountRedeemed">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Percentage of principal amount of debt redeemed.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DebtInstrumentRedemptionPricePercentageOfPrincipalAmountRedeemed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentTerm">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Period of time between issuance and maturity of debt instrument, in PnYnMnDTnHnMnS' format, for example, 'P1Y5M13D' represents the reported fact of one year, five months, and thirteen days.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DebtInstrumentTerm</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:durationItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DeferredCompensationArrangementWithIndividualExercisePrice">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The per share price that the individual must pay to acquire shares under the deferred compensation arrangement.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DeferredCompensationArrangementWithIndividualExercisePrice</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_FairValueAdjustmentOfWarrants">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of expense (income) related to adjustment to fair value of warrant liability.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 230<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-28<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_FairValueAdjustmentOfWarrants</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_GeneralPartnersCapitalAccount">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The amount of the general partner's ownership interest.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 5<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 4.F)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480008/505-10-S99-5<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_GeneralPartnersCapitalAccount</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_InterestExpenseDebt">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of the cost of borrowed funds accounted for as interest expense for debt.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(8))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483621/220-10-S99-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 69E<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481568/470-20-55-69E<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 69F<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481568/470-20-55-69F<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1F<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-1F<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (i)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479105/946-220-45-3<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-6<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_InterestExpenseDebt</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_InterestExpenseOther">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of interest expense classified as other.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_InterestExpenseOther</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PaymentsForPreviousAcquisition">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Cash outflow representing an adjustment to the purchase price of a previous acquisition.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 13<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-13<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PaymentsForPreviousAcquisition</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PaymentsForRepurchaseOfWarrants">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The aggregate amount paid by the entity to reacquire the right to purchase equity shares at a predetermined price, usually issued together with corporate debt.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 15<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-15<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PaymentsForRepurchaseOfWarrants</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PreferredStockConvertibleConversionPrice">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Per share conversion price of preferred stock.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 13<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-13<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PreferredStockConvertibleConversionPrice</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfDebt">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The cash inflow during the period from additional borrowings in aggregate debt. Includes proceeds from short-term and long-term debt.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 14<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-14<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfDebt</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ReceivableWithImputedInterestFaceAmount">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The principal amount of the receivable or note before consideration of the discount or premium.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 835<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482949/835-30-55-8<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 835<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482900/835-30-50-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 835<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482925/835-30-45-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ReceivableWithImputedInterestFaceAmount</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShortTermDebtPercentageBearingFixedInterestRate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The portion of the carrying amount of short-term borrowings outstanding as of the balance sheet date which accrues interest at a set, unchanging rate.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShortTermDebtPercentageBearingFixedInterestRate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesIssuedForServices">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of shares issued in lieu of cash for services contributed to the entity. Number of shares includes, but is not limited to, shares issued for services contributed by vendors and founders.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesIssuedForServices</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_WarrantExercisePriceDecrease">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Per share decrease in exercise price of warrant. Excludes change due to standard antidilution provision.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-3<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_WarrantExercisePriceDecrease</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_WarrantExercisePriceIncrease">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Per share increase in exercise price of warrant. Excludes change due to standard antidilution provision.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-3<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_WarrantExercisePriceIncrease</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentAxis=abvc_OtherConvertibleNotesPayableMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DebtInstrumentAxis=abvc_OtherConvertibleNotesPayableMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_StatementScenarioAxis=srt_ScenarioForecastMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_StatementScenarioAxis=srt_ScenarioForecastMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentAxis=abvc_LindNotesPayableMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DebtInstrumentAxis=abvc_LindNotesPayableMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightAxis=abvc_WarrantDebtDiscountMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightAxis=abvc_WarrantDebtDiscountMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightAxis=abvc_LindWarrantMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightAxis=abvc_LindWarrantMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightAxis=abvc_LindNotesPayableMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightAxis=abvc_LindNotesPayableMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTypeAxis=abvc_LindGlobalFundIILPMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTypeAxis=abvc_LindGlobalFundIILPMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTypeAxis=abvc_LindWarrantMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTypeAxis=abvc_LindWarrantMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTypeAxis=us-gaap_ConvertibleNotesPayableMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTypeAxis=us-gaap_ConvertibleNotesPayableMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTypeAxis=abvc_OtherConvertibleNotesPayableMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTypeAxis=abvc_OtherConvertibleNotesPayableMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionAxis=abvc_LindNotesMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionAxis=abvc_LindNotesMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=abvc_SecondLindNoteMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=abvc_SecondLindNoteMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeAxis=us-gaap_SubsequentEventMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeAxis=us-gaap_SubsequentEventMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_RangeAxis=srt_MaximumMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_RangeAxis=srt_MaximumMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_RangeAxis=srt_MinimumMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_RangeAxis=srt_MinimumMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonStockMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonStockMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>181
<FILENAME>R58.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
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<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Convertible Notes Payable - Schedule of Carrying Amounts of the Liability Component (Details) - USD ($)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">3 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Mar. 31, 2025</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentLineItems', window );"><strong>Schedule of Carrying Amounts of the Liability Component [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentIssuedPrincipal', window );">Principal Amount at Issuance</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 2,260,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 2,260,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 4,904,167<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_DebtInstrumentPrincipalAmountAtBalanceSheetDate', window );">Principal Amount at Balance Sheet Date</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,060,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,460,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,011,175<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentUnamortizedDiscount', window );">Unamortized Discount</a></td>
<td class="nump">224,460<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">509,954<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,124,653<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_DebtInstrumentCarryingValue', window );">Carrying Value</a></td>
<td class="nump">835,539<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">950,046<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">886,522<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentFairValue', window );">Fair Value</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,260,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,740,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 2,413,410<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentAxis=abvc_SecondLINDNoteMember', window );">2nd LIND Note [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentLineItems', window );"><strong>Schedule of Carrying Amounts of the Liability Component [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_DebtInstrumentIssuanceEntity', window );">Issuance Entity</a></td>
<td class="text">ABVC<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">ABVC<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentIssuanceDate1', window );">Issuance Date</a></td>
<td class="text">Nov. 17,  2023<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">Nov. 17,  2023<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentMaturityDate', window );">Maturity Date</a></td>
<td class="text">May 19,  2025<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">May 19,  2025<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentIssuedPrincipal', window );">Principal Amount at Issuance</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,200,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,200,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentInterestRateStatedPercentage', window );">Stated Interest Rate</a></td>
<td class="nump">0.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentInterestRateEffectivePercentage', window );">Effective Interest Rate</a></td>
<td class="nump">86.94%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">86.94%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentConvertibleConversionPrice1', window );">Conversion Price (in Dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 1<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_DebtInstrumentCommonStockToBeConverted', window );">Common Stock to be converted</a></td>
<td class="text">ABVC<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">ABVC<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_DebtInstrumentPrincipalAmountAtBalanceSheetDate', window );">Principal Amount at Balance Sheet Date</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 200,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 400,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentUnamortizedDiscount', window );">Unamortized Discount</a></td>
<td class="nump">26,110<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">118,048<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_DebtInstrumentCarryingValue', window );">Carrying Value</a></td>
<td class="nump">173,890<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">281,952<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentFairValue', window );">Fair Value</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 240,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 480,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentAxis=abvc_ThirdLINDNoteMember', window );">3rd LIND Note [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentLineItems', window );"><strong>Schedule of Carrying Amounts of the Liability Component [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_DebtInstrumentIssuanceEntity', window );">Issuance Entity</a></td>
<td class="text">ABVC<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">ABVC<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentIssuanceDate1', window );">Issuance Date</a></td>
<td class="text">Jan. 17,  2024<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">Jan. 17,  2024<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentMaturityDate', window );">Maturity Date</a></td>
<td class="text">Jul. 17,  2025<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">Jul. 17,  2025<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentIssuedPrincipal', window );">Principal Amount at Issuance</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentInterestRateStatedPercentage', window );">Stated Interest Rate</a></td>
<td class="nump">0.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentInterestRateEffectivePercentage', window );">Effective Interest Rate</a></td>
<td class="nump">87.40%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">87.40%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentConvertibleConversionPrice1', window );">Conversion Price (in Dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 1<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_DebtInstrumentCommonStockToBeConverted', window );">Common Stock to be converted</a></td>
<td class="text">ABVC<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">ABVC<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_DebtInstrumentPrincipalAmountAtBalanceSheetDate', window );">Principal Amount at Balance Sheet Date</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 800,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentUnamortizedDiscount', window );">Unamortized Discount</a></td>
<td class="nump">196,114<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">388,685<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_DebtInstrumentCarryingValue', window );">Carrying Value</a></td>
<td class="nump">603,886<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">611,315<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentFairValue', window );">Fair Value</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 960,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,200,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentAxis=abvc_OtherNoteMember', window );">Other Note [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentLineItems', window );"><strong>Schedule of Carrying Amounts of the Liability Component [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_DebtInstrumentIssuanceEntity', window );">Issuance Entity</a></td>
<td class="text">AiBtl<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">AiBtl<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentIssuanceDate1', window );">Issuance Date</a></td>
<td class="text">Nov.  01,  2024<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">Nov.  01,  2024<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentMaturityDate', window );">Maturity Date</a></td>
<td class="text">Nov.  01,  2025<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">Nov.  01,  2025<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentIssuedPrincipal', window );">Principal Amount at Issuance</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 30,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 30,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentInterestRateStatedPercentage', window );">Stated Interest Rate</a></td>
<td class="nump">0.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentInterestRateEffectivePercentage', window );">Effective Interest Rate</a></td>
<td class="nump">6.89%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">6.89%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentConvertibleConversionPrice1', window );">Conversion Price (in Dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 5<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 5<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_DebtInstrumentCommonStockToBeConverted', window );">Common Stock to be converted</a></td>
<td class="text">AiBtl<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">AiBtl<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_DebtInstrumentPrincipalAmountAtBalanceSheetDate', window );">Principal Amount at Balance Sheet Date</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 30,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 30,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentUnamortizedDiscount', window );">Unamortized Discount</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,119<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,610<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_DebtInstrumentCarryingValue', window );">Carrying Value</a></td>
<td class="nump">28,881<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">28,390<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentFairValue', window );">Fair Value</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 30,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 30,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentAxis=abvc_OtherNoteOneMember', window );">Other Note One [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentLineItems', window );"><strong>Schedule of Carrying Amounts of the Liability Component [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_DebtInstrumentIssuanceEntity', window );">Issuance Entity</a></td>
<td class="text">AiBtl<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">AiBtl<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentIssuanceDate1', window );">Issuance Date</a></td>
<td class="text">Nov.  05,  2024<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">Nov.  05,  2024<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentMaturityDate', window );">Maturity Date</a></td>
<td class="text">Nov.  05,  2025<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">Nov.  05,  2025<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentIssuedPrincipal', window );">Principal Amount at Issuance</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 30,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 30,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentInterestRateStatedPercentage', window );">Stated Interest Rate</a></td>
<td class="nump">0.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentInterestRateEffectivePercentage', window );">Effective Interest Rate</a></td>
<td class="nump">6.89%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">6.89%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentConvertibleConversionPrice1', window );">Conversion Price (in Dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 5<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 5<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_DebtInstrumentCommonStockToBeConverted', window );">Common Stock to be converted</a></td>
<td class="text">AiBtl<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">AiBtl<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_DebtInstrumentPrincipalAmountAtBalanceSheetDate', window );">Principal Amount at Balance Sheet Date</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 30,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 30,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentUnamortizedDiscount', window );">Unamortized Discount</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,118<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,611<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_DebtInstrumentCarryingValue', window );">Carrying Value</a></td>
<td class="nump">28,882<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">28,389<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentFairValue', window );">Fair Value</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 30,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 30,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentAxis=abvc_FirstLINDNoteMember', window );">1st LIND Note [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentLineItems', window );"><strong>Schedule of Carrying Amounts of the Liability Component [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_DebtInstrumentIssuanceEntity', window );">Issuance Entity</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">ABVC<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentIssuanceDate1', window );">Issuance Date</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">Feb. 23,  2023<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentMaturityDate', window );">Maturity Date</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">Aug. 23,  2024<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentIssuedPrincipal', window );">Principal Amount at Issuance</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 3,704,167<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentInterestRateStatedPercentage', window );">Stated Interest Rate</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0.00%<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentInterestRateEffectivePercentage', window );">Effective Interest Rate</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">61.42%<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentConvertibleConversionPrice1', window );">Conversion Price (in Dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 3.5<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_DebtInstrumentCommonStockToBeConverted', window );">Common Stock to be converted</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">ABVC<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_DebtInstrumentPrincipalAmountAtBalanceSheetDate', window );">Principal Amount at Balance Sheet Date</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 811,175<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentUnamortizedDiscount', window );">Unamortized Discount</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">290,063<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_DebtInstrumentCarryingValue', window );">Carrying Value</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">521,112<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentFairValue', window );">Fair Value</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 973,410<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentAxis=abvc_SecondLINDNoteOneMember', window );">Second LIND Note One [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentLineItems', window );"><strong>Schedule of Carrying Amounts of the Liability Component [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_DebtInstrumentIssuanceEntity', window );">Issuance Entity</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">ABVC<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentIssuanceDate1', window );">Issuance Date</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">Nov. 17,  2023<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentMaturityDate', window );">Maturity Date</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">May 19,  2025<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentIssuedPrincipal', window );">Principal Amount at Issuance</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,200,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentInterestRateStatedPercentage', window );">Stated Interest Rate</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0.00%<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentInterestRateEffectivePercentage', window );">Effective Interest Rate</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">86.94%<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentConvertibleConversionPrice1', window );">Conversion Price (in Dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_DebtInstrumentCommonStockToBeConverted', window );">Common Stock to be converted</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">ABVC<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_DebtInstrumentPrincipalAmountAtBalanceSheetDate', window );">Principal Amount at Balance Sheet Date</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,200,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentUnamortizedDiscount', window );">Unamortized Discount</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">834,590<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_DebtInstrumentCarryingValue', window );">Carrying Value</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">365,410<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentFairValue', window );">Fair Value</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,440,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_abvc_DebtInstrumentCarryingValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The amount of carrying value.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">abvc_DebtInstrumentCarryingValue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>abvc_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_abvc_DebtInstrumentCommonStockToBeConverted">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Description of common stock to be converted.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">abvc_DebtInstrumentCommonStockToBeConverted</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>abvc_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_abvc_DebtInstrumentIssuanceEntity">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Description of issuance entity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">abvc_DebtInstrumentIssuanceEntity</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>abvc_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_abvc_DebtInstrumentPrincipalAmountAtBalanceSheetDate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The amount of principal amount at balance sheet date.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">abvc_DebtInstrumentPrincipalAmountAtBalanceSheetDate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>abvc_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentConvertibleConversionPrice1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The price per share of the conversion feature embedded in the debt instrument.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-1B<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 5<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-5<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DebtInstrumentConvertibleConversionPrice1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentFairValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Fair value portion of debt instrument payable, including, but not limited to, notes payable and loans payable.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 820<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (bbb)(2)(i)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 820<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (bbb)(2)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 820<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (bbb)(1)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 825<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482907/825-10-50-28<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 825<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 11<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482907/825-10-50-11<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 825<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 11<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482907/825-10-50-11<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 825<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482907/825-10-50-10<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 820<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 820<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2E<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-2E<br><br>Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 69B<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481568/470-20-55-69B<br><br>Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 69C<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481568/470-20-55-69C<br><br>Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1D<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-1D<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DebtInstrumentFairValue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentInterestRateEffectivePercentage">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Effective interest rate for the funds borrowed under the debt agreement considering interest compounding and original issue discount or premium.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 835<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482949/835-30-55-8<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(22)(a)(1))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 835<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482900/835-30-50-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 835<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482925/835-30-45-2<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-6<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DebtInstrumentInterestRateEffectivePercentage</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentInterestRateStatedPercentage">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Contractual interest rate for funds borrowed, under the debt agreement.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(22)(a)(1))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-1B<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DebtInstrumentInterestRateStatedPercentage</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentIssuanceDate1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Date the debt instrument was issued, in YYYY-MM-DD format.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(22)(a))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-1B<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DebtInstrumentIssuanceDate1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:dateItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentIssuedPrincipal">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of principal of debt issued.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-03(i)(1))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479886/946-10-S99-3<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DebtInstrumentIssuedPrincipal</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 815<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 8A<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480434/815-10-50-8A<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 235<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477314/942-235-S99-2<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480738/235-10-S50-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name 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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DebtInstrumentLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
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<tr>
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<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Date when the debt instrument is scheduled to be fully repaid, in YYYY-MM-DD format.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 820<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (bbb)(2)(i)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 820<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (bbb)(2)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(22)(a)(2))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-1B<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DebtInstrumentMaturityDate</td>
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<tr>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, after accumulated amortization, of debt discount.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 835<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482925/835-30-45-1A<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 835<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482925/835-30-45-2<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 835<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482900/835-30-50-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1D<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-1D<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DebtInstrumentUnamortizedDiscount</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td>instant</td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DebtInstrumentAxis=abvc_SecondLINDNoteMember</td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<td></td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
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<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities - Schedule of Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities (Details) - USD ($)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Mar. 31, 2025</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th>
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<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_AccruedResearchAndDevelopmentExpense', window );">Accrued research and development expense</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,799,583<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,799,583<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,799,583<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_AccruedDirectorAndOfficerCompensation', window );">Accrued directors and officers (owners) compensation</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,025,867<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,018,253<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccruedRoyaltiesCurrent', window );">Accrued royalties</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">255,592<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">274,028<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EmployeeRelatedLiabilitiesCurrent', window );">Accrued compensation and employee benefits</a></td>
<td class="nump">140,252<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">126,106<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">29,138<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent', window );">Others</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">302,274<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">427,350<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilities', window );">Total</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 3,826,819<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 3,509,422<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 3,548,352<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_abvc_AccruedDirectorAndOfficerCompensation">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The amouont of accrued director and officer compensation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">abvc_AccruedDirectorAndOfficerCompensation</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>abvc_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_abvc_AccruedResearchAndDevelopmentExpense">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Accrued research and development expense.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">abvc_AccruedResearchAndDevelopmentExpense</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>abvc_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AccruedRoyaltiesCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Carrying value as of the balance sheet date of obligations incurred through that date and payable for royalties. Used to reflect the current portion of the liabilities (due within one year or within the normal operating cycle if longer).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(20))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483467/210-10-45-8<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AccruedRoyaltiesCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EmployeeRelatedLiabilitiesCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Total of the carrying values as of the balance sheet date of obligations incurred through that date and payable for obligations related to services received from employees, such as accrued salaries and bonuses, payroll taxes and fringe benefits. Used to reflect the current portion of the liabilities (due within one year or within the normal operating cycle if longer).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(20))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EmployeeRelatedLiabilitiesCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilities">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of liabilities incurred and payable to vendors for goods and services received classified as other, and expenses incurred but not yet paid, payable within one year or the operating cycle, if longer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilities</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesCurrentAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesCurrentAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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</table></div>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of liabilities classified as other, due after one year or the normal operating cycle, if longer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(24))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Short-Term Loans (Details)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="3">3 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="3">12 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2"></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th">
<div>Mar. 21, 2024 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th"><div>Feb. 28, 2018</div></th>
<th class="th">
<div>Jun. 19, 2017 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Jun. 12, 2017 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Mar. 31, 2025 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Mar. 31, 2025 </div>
<div>TWD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Mar. 31, 2024 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2024 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2024 </div>
<div>TWD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2023 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Jun. 19, 2017 </div>
<div>TWD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Jun. 12, 2017 </div>
<div>TWD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Jun. 28, 2016 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Jun. 28, 2016 </div>
<div>TWD ($)</div>
</th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FederalHomeLoanBankAdvancesLineItems', window );"><strong>Bank Loans [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RepaymentsOfShortTermDebt', window );">Payments of loan</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 29,250<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 937,500<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 29,152<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 934,366<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InterestExpenseShortTermBorrowings', window );">Interest expenses</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">15,557<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">15,610<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfAPromissoryNote', window );">Proceeds from promissory note</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 30,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentAxis=abvc_CathayUnitedLoanAgreementMember', window );">Cathay United Loan Agreement [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FederalHomeLoanBankAdvancesLineItems', window );"><strong>Bank Loans [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentMaturityDate', window );">Maturity date</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">Jun. 28,  2017<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">Jun. 28,  2017<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">Jun. 28,  2016<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">Jun. 28,  2016<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTypeAxis=abvc_CathayUnitedBankMember', window );">Cathay United Bank [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FederalHomeLoanBankAdvancesLineItems', window );"><strong>Bank Loans [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity', window );">Credit limit amount</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 228,750<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 7,500,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentInterestRateEffectivePercentage', window );">Effective interest rate</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2.99%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2.99%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2.99%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2.99%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2.87%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InterestExpenseShortTermBorrowings', window );">Interest expenses</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,470<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,736<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 6,891<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 6,856<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTypeAxis=abvc_CTBCBankMember', window );">CTBC Bank [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FederalHomeLoanBankAdvancesLineItems', window );"><strong>Bank Loans [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity', window );">Credit limit amount</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 327,500<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 327,500<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 10,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 10,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentMaturityDate', window );">Maturity date</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">Jan. 19,  2018<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">Jan. 19,  2018<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InterestExpenseShortTermBorrowings', window );">Interest expenses</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,761<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,964<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentTerm', window );">Debt instrument term</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">1 year<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTypeAxis=abvc_OtherIndividualMember', window );">Other Individual &#8211; Third party [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FederalHomeLoanBankAdvancesLineItems', window );"><strong>Bank Loans [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InterestExpenseShortTermBorrowings', window );">Interest expenses</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 2,811<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfAPromissoryNote', window );">Proceeds from promissory note</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 30,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShortTermDebtPercentageBearingVariableInterestRate', window );">Percentage of bears interest rate</a></td>
<td class="nump">12.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_ShortTermDebtMaturityDate', window );">Maturity date</a></td>
<td class="text">Mar. 21,  2025<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTypeAxis=abvc_OtherIndividualThirdPartyMember', window );">Other Individual &#8211; Third party [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FederalHomeLoanBankAdvancesLineItems', window );"><strong>Bank Loans [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InterestExpenseShortTermBorrowings', window );">Interest expenses</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 888<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=abvc_CathayUnitedLoanAgreementMember', window );">Cathay United Loan Agreement [Member] | Cathay United Bank [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FederalHomeLoanBankAdvancesLineItems', window );"><strong>Bank Loans [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccountsPayableInterestBearingInterestRate', window );">Interest rate of loan</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1.31%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1.31%<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=abvc_CTBCLoanAgreementsMember', window );">CTBC Loan Agreements [Member] | CTBC Bank [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FederalHomeLoanBankAdvancesLineItems', window );"><strong>Bank Loans [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PercentageOfInterestBearingDomesticDepositsToDepositsSavings', window );">Money deposited in a savings account</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2.50%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2.50%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2.50%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_abvc_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfAPromissoryNote">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of proceeds from issuance of a promissory note.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">abvc_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfAPromissoryNote</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>abvc_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_abvc_ShortTermDebtMaturityDate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Maturity date of short-term debt, in YYYY-MM-DD format.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">abvc_ShortTermDebtMaturityDate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>abvc_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:dateItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AccountsPayableInterestBearingInterestRate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Reflects the effective interest rate as of the balance sheet date on interest-bearing trade payables.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 835<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482925/835-30-45-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AccountsPayableInterestBearingInterestRate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentInterestRateEffectivePercentage">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Effective interest rate for the funds borrowed under the debt agreement considering interest compounding and original issue discount or premium.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 835<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482949/835-30-55-8<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(22)(a)(1))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 835<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482900/835-30-50-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 835<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482925/835-30-45-2<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-6<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DebtInstrumentInterestRateEffectivePercentage</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentMaturityDate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Date when the debt instrument is scheduled to be fully repaid, in YYYY-MM-DD format.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 820<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (bbb)(2)(i)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 820<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (bbb)(2)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(22)(a)(2))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-1B<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DebtInstrumentMaturityDate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:dateItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentTerm">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Period of time between issuance and maturity of debt instrument, in PnYnMnDTnHnMnS' format, for example, 'P1Y5M13D' represents the reported fact of one year, five months, and thirteen days.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DebtInstrumentTerm</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:durationItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_FederalHomeLoanBankAdvancesLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_FederalHomeLoanBankAdvancesLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_InterestExpenseShortTermBorrowings">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The aggregate interest expense incurred on short-term borrowings including commercial paper and Federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreements to repurchase.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Name Regulation S-K (SK)<br> -Number 229<br> -Section 1402<br> -Paragraph a<br> -Publisher SEC<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Name Regulation S-K (SK)<br> -Number 229<br> -Section 1402<br> -Paragraph b<br> -Subparagraph (1)<br> -Publisher SEC<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-04(7))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478524/942-220-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_InterestExpenseShortTermBorrowings</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Maximum borrowing capacity under the credit facility without consideration of any current restrictions on the amount that could be borrowed or the amounts currently outstanding under the facility.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(22)(b))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(19)(b))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PercentageOfInterestBearingDomesticDepositsToDepositsSavings">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Percentage of interest-bearing domestic savings deposit liabilities to total deposit liabilities.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PercentageOfInterestBearingDomesticDepositsToDepositsSavings</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RepaymentsOfShortTermDebt">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The cash outflow for a borrowing having initial term of repayment within one year or the normal operating cycle, if longer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 15<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-15<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RepaymentsOfShortTermDebt</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShortTermDebtPercentageBearingVariableInterestRate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The portion of the carrying amount of short-term borrowings outstanding as of the balance sheet date, which accrues interest at a rate subject to change from time to time.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShortTermDebtPercentageBearingVariableInterestRate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentAxis=abvc_CathayUnitedLoanAgreementMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DebtInstrumentAxis=abvc_CathayUnitedLoanAgreementMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTypeAxis=abvc_CathayUnitedBankMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTypeAxis=abvc_CathayUnitedBankMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTypeAxis=abvc_CTBCBankMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTypeAxis=abvc_CTBCBankMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTypeAxis=abvc_OtherIndividualMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTypeAxis=abvc_OtherIndividualMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTypeAxis=abvc_OtherIndividualThirdPartyMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTypeAxis=abvc_OtherIndividualThirdPartyMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=abvc_CathayUnitedLoanAgreementMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=abvc_CathayUnitedLoanAgreementMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=abvc_CTBCLoanAgreementsMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=abvc_CTBCLoanAgreementsMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Short-Term Loans - Schedule of Short-Term Loans (Details) - USD ($)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Mar. 31, 2025</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShortTermDebtLineItems', window );"><strong>Schedule of Short-Term Bank Loan [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShortTermBorrowings', window );">Total</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 801,407<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 840,252<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 899,250<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTypeAxis=abvc_CathayUnitedBankMember', window );">Cathay United Bank [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShortTermDebtLineItems', window );"><strong>Schedule of Short-Term Bank Loan [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShortTermBorrowings', window );">Total</a></td>
<td class="nump">169,407<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">200,252<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">245,250<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTypeAxis=abvc_CTBCBankMember', window );">CTBC Bank [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShortTermDebtLineItems', window );"><strong>Schedule of Short-Term Bank Loan [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShortTermBorrowings', window );">Total</a></td>
<td class="nump">602,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">610,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">654,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTypeAxis=abvc_OtherIndividualMember', window );">Other Individual [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShortTermDebtLineItems', window );"><strong>Schedule of Short-Term Bank Loan [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShortTermBorrowings', window );">Total</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 30,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 30,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShortTermBorrowings">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Reflects the total carrying amount as of the balance sheet date of debt having initial terms less than one year or the normal operating cycle, if longer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(19)(a))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-03(13))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478546/942-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481372/852-10-55-10<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(16)(a)(1))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478777/944-210-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShortTermBorrowings</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShortTermDebtLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShortTermDebtLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTypeAxis=abvc_CathayUnitedBankMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTypeAxis=abvc_CathayUnitedBankMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTypeAxis=abvc_CTBCBankMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTypeAxis=abvc_CTBCBankMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTypeAxis=abvc_OtherIndividualMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTypeAxis=abvc_OtherIndividualMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>185
<FILENAME>R62.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
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</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Related Parties Transactions (Details)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="5">3 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">6 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="6">12 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th">
<div>Jun. 16, 2022 </div>
<div>USD ($) </div>
<div>$ / shares</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Sep. 07, 2021 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Mar. 31, 2025 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Mar. 31, 2025 </div>
<div>TWD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Mar. 31, 2024 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Jun. 30, 2023 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Mar. 31, 2023 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Jun. 30, 2023 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2024 </div>
<div>USD ($) </div>
<div>$ / shares</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2024 </div>
<div>TWD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2023 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2022 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2015 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2015 </div>
<div>TWD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Mar. 31, 2025 </div>
<div>TWD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2024 </div>
<div>TWD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 24, 2024 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Aug. 15, 2024 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>May 10, 2024 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Apr. 11, 2024 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2023 </div>
<div>TWD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 01, 2021 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Jul. 27, 2021 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Jul. 01, 2020 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionLineItems', window );"><strong>Related Parties Transactions [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerIncludingAssessedTax', window );">Loan amount</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 50,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 50,000,000,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionAmountsOfTransaction', window );">Outstanding balance amount</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 68,141<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 14,628<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">104,083<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_WorkingCapitalPercentage', window );">Percentage of working capital</a></td>
<td class="nump">6.40%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PrincipalAmountOutstandingOnLoansSecuritized', window );">Outstanding loan balance</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 681,185<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">681,185<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 158,798<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DepositLiabilitiesAccruedInterest', window );">Accrued interest amount</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">38,819<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentFaceAmount', window );">Principal amount</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 67,873<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 250,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 361,487<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RepaymentsOfDebt', window );">Repayments amount</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 64,896<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 2,080,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 126,048<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 4,040,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionDate', window );">Maturity date</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">Sep. 30,  2021<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">Nov. 30,  2022<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">Nov. 30,  2022<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">Nov. 30,  2022<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">Nov. 30,  2022<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionRate', window );">Percentage of mature</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">6.50%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">6.50%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">6.50%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">6.50%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">6.50%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LoansPayable', window );">Loan repaid</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 249,975<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_LoanAgreementAmount', window );">Loan agreement amount</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 25,500<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 88,091<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 25,500<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 507,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNet', window );">Credit losses</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">839,983<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherReceivableAfterAllowanceForCreditLossNoncurrent', window );">Due from BHK</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 3,941,299<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 3,941,299<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_RecognizedCreditLosses', window );">Recognized credit losses</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 3,941,299<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShortTermBorrowings', window );">Short term debt</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 801,407<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">840,252<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">899,250<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_OutstandingBalanceAmount', window );">Outstanding balance amount</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">222,522<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">274,170<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">19,789<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_OutstandingPrincipalAmount', window );">Principal amount</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">172,112<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">152,382<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InterestExpenseOther', window );">Interest expense other</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">773,139<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,233,284<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_PercentageOfWorkingCapital', window );">Percentage of working capital</a></td>
<td class="nump">6.40%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InterestExpenseDebt', window );">Interest expenses for loan</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">646<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentAxis=abvc_LoanAgreementMember', window );">Loan Agreement [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionLineItems', window );"><strong>Related Parties Transactions [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentFaceAmount', window );">Principal amount</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">337,707<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 11,072,360<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentAxis=abvc_BioFirstReceivesMember', window );">BioFirst Receives [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionLineItems', window );"><strong>Related Parties Transactions [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InterestExpenseOther', window );">Interest expense other</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">21,101<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 20,094<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTypeAxis=us-gaap_ConvertibleDebtMember', window );">Convertible Debt [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionLineItems', window );"><strong>Related Parties Transactions [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentAnnualPrincipalPayment', window );">Principal amount</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionAxis=abvc_OncoXMember', window );">OncoX [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionLineItems', window );"><strong>Related Parties Transactions [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityRevenueRecognized', window );">Licensing agreement</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 200,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionAxis=abvc_BioFirstMember', window );">BioFirst [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionLineItems', window );"><strong>Related Parties Transactions [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccountsPayableInterestBearingInterestRate', window );">Loans bear interest rate</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">12.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">12.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">12.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">12.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PrincipalAmountOutstandingOnLoansSecuritized', window );">Outstanding loan balance</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">465,297<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 535,918<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 206,087<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 6,302,360<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentFaceAmount', window );">Principal amount</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">347,883<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 11,406,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentIncreaseAccruedInterest', window );">Accrued interest</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">68,971<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">53,422<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionAxis=abvc_BioFirstMember', window );">BioFirst [Member] | BioFirst Receives [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionLineItems', window );"><strong>Related Parties Transactions [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentIncreaseAccruedInterest', window );">Accrued interest</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 12,953<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 8,526<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,322<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionAxis=abvc_LoanAgreementMember', window );">Loan Agreement [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionLineItems', window );"><strong>Related Parties Transactions [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PrincipalAmountOutstandingOnLoansSecuritized', window );">Outstanding loan balance</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 15,458,360<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 17,571,076<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionAxis=abvc_BHKCoDevelopmentAggreementMember', window );">BHK Co Development Agreement [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionLineItems', window );"><strong>Related Parties Transactions [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentInterestRateTerms', window );">Loan agreement, description</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">The development costs shall be shared 50/50 between BHK and the Company. Under the term of the agreement, BioLite issued relevant development cost to BHK.<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">The development costs shall be shared 50/50 between BHK and the Company. Under the term of the agreement, BioLite issued relevant development cost to BHK.<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">The development costs shall be shared 50/50 between BHK and the Company. Under the term of the agreement, BioLite issued relevant development cost to BHK.<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">The development costs shall be shared 50/50 between BHK and the Company. Under the term of the agreement, BioLite issued relevant development cost to BHK.<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherReceivableAfterAllowanceForCreditLossNoncurrent', window );">Due from BHK</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 120,210<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionAxis=us-gaap_RelatedPartyMember', window );">Related Party [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionLineItems', window );"><strong>Related Parties Transactions [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherReceivableAfterAllowanceForCreditLossNoncurrent', window );">Due from BHK</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">113,516<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_RecognizedCreditLosses', window );">Recognized credit losses</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">120,210<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionAxis=abvc_RgeneMember', window );">Rgene [Member] | Convertible Debt [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionLineItems', window );"><strong>Related Parties Transactions [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentAnnualPrincipalPayment', window );">Principal amount</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 500,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionAxis=abvc_BioHopeKingCorporationMember', window );">BioHopeKing Corporation [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionLineItems', window );"><strong>Related Parties Transactions [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherReceivableAfterAllowanceForCreditLossNoncurrent', window );">Due from BHK</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 118,633<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">120,210<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=abvc_FEYEMember', window );">FEYE [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionLineItems', window );"><strong>Related Parties Transactions [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_LicensingAgreement', window );">Licensing agreement</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">296,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerIncludingAssessedTax', window );">Loan amount</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">296,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=abvc_ConvertibleLoanAgreementMember', window );">Convertible Loan Agreement [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionLineItems', window );"><strong>Related Parties Transactions [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccountsPayableInterestBearingInterestRate', window );">Loans bear interest rate</a></td>
<td class="nump">5.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentConvertibleConversionPrice1', window );">Conversion price per share (in Dollars per share) | $ / shares</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 1<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentConvertibleThresholdPercentageOfStockPriceTrigger', window );">Discount of the stock price percentage</a></td>
<td class="nump">20.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=abvc_ConvertibleLoanAgreementMember', window );">Convertible Loan Agreement [Member] | Conversion [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionLineItems', window );"><strong>Related Parties Transactions [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentConvertibleConversionPrice1', window );">Conversion price per share (in Dollars per share) | $ / shares</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 1<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentConvertibleThresholdPercentageOfStockPriceTrigger', window );">Discount of the stock price percentage</a></td>
<td class="nump">20.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=us-gaap_RelatedPartyMember', window );">Related Party [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionLineItems', window );"><strong>Related Parties Transactions [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PrincipalAmountOutstandingOnLoansSecuritized', window );">Outstanding loan balance</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">500,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DepositLiabilitiesAccruedInterest', window );">Accrued interest amount</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">63,819<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherReceivables', window );">Other receivables</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,867<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,892<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,667<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherReceivableAfterAllowanceForCreditLossNoncurrent', window );">Due from BHK</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 113,516<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=abvc_AiBtlHoldingMember', window );">AiBtl Holding [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionLineItems', window );"><strong>Related Parties Transactions [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShortTermBorrowings', window );">Short term debt</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 214,487<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 33,732<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 60,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 40,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=abvc_JiangsAdvancedFundsMember', window );">Jiangs Advanced Funds [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionLineItems', window );"><strong>Related Parties Transactions [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_OutstandingPrincipalAmount', window );">Principal amount</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">140,266<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">142,130<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InterestExpenseDebt', window );">Interest expenses for loan</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 4,963<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 5,938<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_RangeAxis=srt_MinimumMember', window );">Minimum [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionLineItems', window );"><strong>Related Parties Transactions [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccountsPayableInterestBearingInterestRate', window );">Loans bear interest rate</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">12.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">12.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">12.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">12.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentConvertibleConversionPrice1', window );">Conversion price per share (in Dollars per share) | $ / shares</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.7907<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_abvc_LicensingAgreement">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The amount of licensing Agreement.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">abvc_LicensingAgreement</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>abvc_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_abvc_LoanAgreementAmount">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The amount of loan agreement amount.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">abvc_LoanAgreementAmount</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>abvc_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_abvc_OutstandingBalanceAmount">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The amount of outstanding balance amount.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">abvc_OutstandingBalanceAmount</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>abvc_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_abvc_OutstandingPrincipalAmount">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The amount of outstanding principal amount.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">abvc_OutstandingPrincipalAmount</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>abvc_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_abvc_PercentageOfWorkingCapital">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Percentage of working capital.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">abvc_PercentageOfWorkingCapital</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>abvc_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_abvc_RecognizedCreditLosses">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Recognized credit losses.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">abvc_RecognizedCreditLosses</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>abvc_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_abvc_WorkingCapitalPercentage">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">abvc_WorkingCapitalPercentage</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>abvc_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AccountsPayableInterestBearingInterestRate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Reflects the effective interest rate as of the balance sheet date on interest-bearing trade payables.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 835<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482925/835-30-45-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AccountsPayableInterestBearingInterestRate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNet">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, after allowance for credit loss, of right to consideration from customer for product sold and service rendered in normal course of business.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 310<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477802/946-310-45-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(5))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478777/944-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-04(5)(b))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479170/946-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 954<br> -SubTopic 310<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479196/954-310-45-1<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(3))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478777/944-210-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNet</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityRevenueRecognized">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of revenue recognized that was previously included in balance of obligation to transfer good or service to customer for which consideration from customer has been received or is due.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-8<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityRevenueRecognized</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentAnnualPrincipalPayment">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of annual principal payment for debt instrument.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(22))<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 210<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DebtInstrumentAnnualPrincipalPayment</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentConvertibleConversionPrice1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The price per share of the conversion feature embedded in the debt instrument.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-1B<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 5<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-5<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DebtInstrumentConvertibleConversionPrice1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentConvertibleThresholdPercentageOfStockPriceTrigger">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Minimum percentage of common stock price to conversion price of convertible debt instruments to determine eligibility of conversion.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DebtInstrumentConvertibleThresholdPercentageOfStockPriceTrigger</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentFaceAmount">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Face (par) amount of debt instrument at time of issuance.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 835<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482949/835-30-55-8<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-1B<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 69B<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481568/470-20-55-69B<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 69C<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481568/470-20-55-69C<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 835<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482900/835-30-50-1<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 835<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482925/835-30-45-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DebtInstrumentFaceAmount</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentIncreaseAccruedInterest">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Increase for accrued, but unpaid interest on the debt instrument for the period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480738/235-10-S50-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(f))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DebtInstrumentIncreaseAccruedInterest</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentInterestRateTerms">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Description of the interest rate as being fixed or variable, and, if variable, identification of the index or rate on which the interest rate is based and the number of points or percentage added to that index or rate to set the rate, and other pertinent information, such as frequency of rate resets.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(22)(a)(1))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DebtInstrumentInterestRateTerms</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DepositLiabilitiesAccruedInterest">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of accrued but unpaid interest on deposit liabilities.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-03(15)(5))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478546/942-210-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DepositLiabilitiesAccruedInterest</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_InterestExpenseDebt">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of the cost of borrowed funds accounted for as interest expense for debt.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(8))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483621/220-10-S99-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 69E<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481568/470-20-55-69E<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 69F<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481568/470-20-55-69F<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1F<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-1F<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (i)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479105/946-220-45-3<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-6<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_InterestExpenseDebt</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_InterestExpenseOther">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of interest expense classified as other.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_InterestExpenseOther</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LoansPayable">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Including the current and noncurrent portions, aggregate carrying value as of the balance sheet date of loans payable (with maturities initially due after one year or beyond the operating cycle if longer).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(22))<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 210<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-03(16))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478546/942-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(16)(a)(2))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478777/944-210-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LoansPayable</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherReceivableAfterAllowanceForCreditLossNoncurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, after allowance for credit loss, of receivable classified as other and noncurrent.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(17))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherReceivableAfterAllowanceForCreditLossNoncurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherReceivables">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount due from parties in nontrade transactions, classified as other.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 605<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 14<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477548/944-605-55-14<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 605<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 11<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477548/944-605-55-11<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 49<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482785/280-10-55-49<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-04(5)(a)(5))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479170/946-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(3)(a)(4))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(3))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478777/944-210-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherReceivables</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PrincipalAmountOutstandingOnLoansSecuritized">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>This is the principal amount outstanding for securitized loans only (across all types of loans).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Topic 860<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481326/860-20-50-4<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PrincipalAmountOutstandingOnLoansSecuritized</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionAmountsOfTransaction">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of transactions with related party during the financial reporting period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 850<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483326/850-10-50-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionAmountsOfTransaction</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionDate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Date of maturity or expiration of arrangements with a related party (for example, but not limited to, leasing and debt arrangements between related parties), in YYYY-MM-DD format.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 850<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483326/850-10-50-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionDate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:dateItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 850<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483326/850-10-50-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 850<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483326/850-10-50-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 850<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483326/850-10-50-3<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480738/235-10-S50-1<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(k)(2))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(k)(1))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 310<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 13<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481990/310-10-45-13<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-07(2)(c)(2)(i))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479134/946-220-S99-1<br><br>Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-07(2)(c)(2)(ii))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479134/946-220-S99-1<br><br>Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-07(2)(g)(3))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479134/946-220-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionRate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Identify the stated interest rate per the agreement, for example, leasing and debt arrangements between related parties.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 850<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483326/850-10-50-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionRate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RepaymentsOfDebt">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash outflow for short-term and long-term debt. Excludes payment of lease obligation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 15<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-15<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RepaymentsOfDebt</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerIncludingAssessedTax">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, including tax collected from customer, of revenue from satisfaction of performance obligation by transferring promised good or service to customer. Tax collected from customer is tax assessed by governmental authority that is both imposed on and concurrent with specific revenue-producing transaction, including, but not limited to, sales, use, value-added and excise.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 41<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-41<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 42<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-42<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 7<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-7<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 270<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (i)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482964/270-10-50-1<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 32<br> -Subparagraph (ee)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-32<br><br>Reference 6: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/otherTransitionRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 32<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-32<br><br>Reference 7: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/otherTransitionRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 32<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-32<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 924<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 11.L)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479941/924-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 5<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-5<br><br>Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 30<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-30<br><br>Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 22<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-22<br><br>Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 40<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-40<br><br>Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 22<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-22<br><br>Reference 14: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-4<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerIncludingAssessedTax</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShortTermBorrowings">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Reflects the total carrying amount as of the balance sheet date of debt having initial terms less than one year or the normal operating cycle, if longer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(19)(a))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-03(13))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478546/942-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481372/852-10-55-10<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(16)(a)(1))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478777/944-210-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShortTermBorrowings</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentAxis=abvc_LoanAgreementMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DebtInstrumentAxis=abvc_LoanAgreementMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentAxis=abvc_BioFirstReceivesMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DebtInstrumentAxis=abvc_BioFirstReceivesMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTypeAxis=us-gaap_ConvertibleDebtMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTypeAxis=us-gaap_ConvertibleDebtMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionAxis=abvc_OncoXMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionAxis=abvc_OncoXMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionAxis=abvc_BioFirstMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionAxis=abvc_BioFirstMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionAxis=abvc_LoanAgreementMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionAxis=abvc_LoanAgreementMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionAxis=abvc_BHKCoDevelopmentAggreementMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionAxis=abvc_BHKCoDevelopmentAggreementMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionAxis=us-gaap_RelatedPartyMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionAxis=us-gaap_RelatedPartyMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionAxis=abvc_RgeneMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionAxis=abvc_RgeneMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionAxis=abvc_BioHopeKingCorporationMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionAxis=abvc_BioHopeKingCorporationMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=abvc_FEYEMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=abvc_FEYEMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=abvc_ConvertibleLoanAgreementMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Related Parties Transactions - Schedule of Related Parties of the Company with whom Transactions (Details)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th></tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionAxis=abvc_BioFirstCorporationtheBioFirstMember', window );">BioFirst Corporation (the &#8220;BioFirst&#8221;) [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionLineItems', window );"><strong>Schedule of Related Parties of the Company with whom Transactions [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionDescriptionOfTransaction', window );">Relationship with the Company and its subsidiaries</a></td>
<td class="text">Entity controlled by controlling beneficiary shareholder of YuanGene<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionAxis=abvc_BioFirstAustraliaPtyLtdtheBioFirstAustraliaMember', window );">BioFirst (Australia) Pty Ltd. (the &#8220;BioFirst (Australia)&#8221;) [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionLineItems', window );"><strong>Schedule of Related Parties of the Company with whom Transactions [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionDescriptionOfTransaction', window );">Relationship with the Company and its subsidiaries</a></td>
<td class="text">100% owned by BioFirst; Entity controlled by controlling beneficiary shareholder of YuanGene<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionAxis=abvc_RgeneCorporationtheRgeneMember', window );">Rgene Corporation (the &#8220;Rgene&#8221;) [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionLineItems', window );"><strong>Schedule of Related Parties of the Company with whom Transactions [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionDescriptionOfTransaction', window );">Relationship with the Company and its subsidiaries</a></td>
<td class="text">Shareholder of the Company; Entity controlled by controlling beneficiary shareholder of YuanGene; the Chairman of Rgene is Mr. Tsung-Shann Jiang<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionAxis=abvc_GenePharmInctheGenePharmMember', window );">GenePharm Inc. (the &#8220;GenePharm&#8221;) [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionLineItems', window );"><strong>Schedule of Related Parties of the Company with whom Transactions [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionDescriptionOfTransaction', window );">Relationship with the Company and its subsidiaries</a></td>
<td class="text">Dr. George Lee, Board Director of Biokey, is the Chairman of GenePharm.<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionAxis=abvc_TheJiangsOneMember', window );">The Jiangs [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionLineItems', window );"><strong>Schedule of Related Parties of the Company with whom Transactions [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionDescriptionOfTransaction', window );">Relationship with the Company and its subsidiaries</a></td>
<td class="text">Mr. Tsung-Shann Jiang, the controlling beneficiary shareholder of the Company and Rgene, the Chairman and CEO of the BioLite Holding Inc. and BioLite Inc. and the President and a member of board of directors of BioFirst &#160; Ms. Shu-Ling Jiang, Mr. Tsung-Shann Jiang&#8217;s wife, is the Chairman of Keypoint; and a member of board of directors of BioLite Inc. &#160; Mr. Eugene Jiang is Mr. and Ms. Jiang&#8217;s son. Mr. Eugene Jiang is the chairman, and majority shareholder of the Company and a member of board of directors of BioLite Inc. &#160; Mr. Chang-Jen Jiang is Mr. Tsung-Shann Jiang&#8217;s sibling and the director of the Company. &#160; Ms. Mei-Ling Jiang is Ms. Shu-Ling Jiang&#8217;s sibling.<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionAxis=abvc_BioLiteJapanMember', window );">BioLite Japan [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionLineItems', window );"><strong>Schedule of Related Parties of the Company with whom Transactions [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionDescriptionOfTransaction', window );">Relationship with the Company and its subsidiaries</a></td>
<td class="text">Entity controlled by controlling beneficiary shareholder of ABVC<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionAxis=abvc_BioHopeKingCorporationBHKMember', window );">BioHopeKing Corporation (&#8220;BHK&#8221;) [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionLineItems', window );"><strong>Schedule of Related Parties of the Company with whom Transactions [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionDescriptionOfTransaction', window );">Relationship with the Company and its subsidiaries</a></td>
<td class="text">Entity controlled by controlling beneficiary shareholder of ABVC<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionAxis=abvc_AiBtlHoldingBioPharmaIncAiBtlHoldingMember', window );">AiBtl (Holding) BioPharma, Inc. (&#8220;AiBtl Holding&#8221;) [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionLineItems', window );"><strong>Schedule of Related Parties of the Company with whom Transactions [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionDescriptionOfTransaction', window );">Relationship with the Company and its subsidiaries</a></td>
<td class="text">Founding shareholder of AiBtl BioPharma Inc.<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionAxis=abvc_JaimesVargasRussmanMember', window );">Jaimes Vargas Russman [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionLineItems', window );"><strong>Schedule of Related Parties of the Company with whom Transactions [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionDescriptionOfTransaction', window );">Relationship with the Company and its subsidiaries</a></td>
<td class="text">CEO of AiBtl BioPharma Inc.<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionAxis=abvc_LionArtsPromotionIncMember', window );">Lion Arts Promotion, Inc. [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionLineItems', window );"><strong>Schedule of Related Parties of the Company with whom Transactions [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionDescriptionOfTransaction', window );">Relationship with the Company and its subsidiaries</a></td>
<td class="text">Entity controlled by the Jiangs.<span></span>
</td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>A description of the related party transaction, including transactions to which no amounts or nominal amounts were ascribed and such other information deemed necessary to an understanding of the effects of the transactions on the financial statements. Examples of common related party transactions are, sales, purchases and transfers of realty and personal property, services received or furnished, loans and leases to and from top management and affiliates.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/otherTransitionRef<br> -Topic 840<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481440/840-10-50-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 850<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483326/850-10-50-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(23))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 7<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478964/842-20-50-7<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479773/842-30-50-4<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479741/842-40-50-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 850<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483326/850-10-50-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 850<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483326/850-10-50-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 850<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483326/850-10-50-3<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480738/235-10-S50-1<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(k)(2))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(k)(1))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 310<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 13<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481990/310-10-45-13<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-07(2)(c)(2)(i))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479134/946-220-S99-1<br><br>Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-07(2)(c)(2)(ii))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479134/946-220-S99-1<br><br>Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-07(2)(g)(3))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479134/946-220-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionAxis=abvc_BioFirstCorporationtheBioFirstMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionAxis=abvc_BioFirstCorporationtheBioFirstMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionAxis=abvc_BioFirstAustraliaPtyLtdtheBioFirstAustraliaMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionAxis=abvc_BioFirstAustraliaPtyLtdtheBioFirstAustraliaMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionAxis=abvc_RgeneCorporationtheRgeneMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionAxis=abvc_RgeneCorporationtheRgeneMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionAxis=abvc_GenePharmInctheGenePharmMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionAxis=abvc_GenePharmInctheGenePharmMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionAxis=abvc_TheJiangsOneMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionAxis=abvc_TheJiangsOneMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionAxis=abvc_BioLiteJapanMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionAxis=abvc_BioLiteJapanMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionAxis=abvc_BioHopeKingCorporationBHKMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionAxis=abvc_BioHopeKingCorporationBHKMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionAxis=abvc_AiBtlHoldingBioPharmaIncAiBtlHoldingMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionAxis=abvc_AiBtlHoldingBioPharmaIncAiBtlHoldingMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionAxis=abvc_JaimesVargasRussmanMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionAxis=abvc_JaimesVargasRussmanMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionAxis=abvc_LionArtsPromotionIncMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionAxis=abvc_LionArtsPromotionIncMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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</div>
</body>
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<head>
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<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Related Parties Transactions - Schedule of Licensing Agreement and Related Amendment with FEYE (Details) - Licensing Agreement [Member] - USD ($)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=abvc_OncoXMember', window );">OncoX [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_RelatedPartiesTransactionsScheduleofLicensingAgreementandRelatedAmendmentwithFEYEDetailsLineItems', window );"><strong>Schedule of Licensing Agreement and Related Amendment with FEYE [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Revenues', window );">Total</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 200,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=abvc_FEYEMember', window );">FEYE [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_RelatedPartiesTransactionsScheduleofLicensingAgreementandRelatedAmendmentwithFEYEDetailsLineItems', window );"><strong>Schedule of Licensing Agreement and Related Amendment with FEYE [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Revenues', window );">Total</a></td>
<td class="nump">296,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=abvc_RgeneMember', window );">Rgene [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_RelatedPartiesTransactionsScheduleofLicensingAgreementandRelatedAmendmentwithFEYEDetailsLineItems', window );"><strong>Schedule of Licensing Agreement and Related Amendment with FEYE [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Revenues', window );">Total</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,055<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=us-gaap_RelatedPartyMember', window );">Related Party [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_RelatedPartiesTransactionsScheduleofLicensingAgreementandRelatedAmendmentwithFEYEDetailsLineItems', window );"><strong>Schedule of Licensing Agreement and Related Amendment with FEYE [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Revenues', window );">Total</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 496,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 2,055<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">abvc_RelatedPartiesTransactionsScheduleofLicensingAgreementandRelatedAmendmentwithFEYEDetailsLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>abvc_</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of revenue recognized from goods sold, services rendered, insurance premiums, or other activities that constitute an earning process. Includes, but is not limited to, investment and interest income before deduction of interest expense when recognized as a component of revenue, and sales and trading gain (loss).</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<tr>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Related Parties Transactions - Schedule of Accounts Receivable Due from Related Parties (Details) - USD ($)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Mar. 31, 2025</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th>
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<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=abvc_GenePharmIncMember', window );">GenePharm Inc. [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_RelatedPartiesTransactionsScheduleofAccountsReceivableDuefromRelatedPartiesDetailsLineItems', window );"><strong>Schedule of Accounts Receivable Due from Related Parties [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccountsAndOtherReceivablesNetCurrent', window );">Total</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=abvc_RgeneMember', window );">Rgene [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_RelatedPartiesTransactionsScheduleofAccountsReceivableDuefromRelatedPartiesDetailsLineItems', window );"><strong>Schedule of Accounts Receivable Due from Related Parties [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccountsAndOtherReceivablesNetCurrent', window );">Total</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">10,463<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=us-gaap_RelatedPartyMember', window );">Related Party [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_RelatedPartiesTransactionsScheduleofAccountsReceivableDuefromRelatedPartiesDetailsLineItems', window );"><strong>Schedule of Accounts Receivable Due from Related Parties [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccountsAndOtherReceivablesNetCurrent', window );">Total</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 10,463<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
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<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_abvc_RelatedPartiesTransactionsScheduleofAccountsReceivableDuefromRelatedPartiesDetailsLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">abvc_RelatedPartiesTransactionsScheduleofAccountsReceivableDuefromRelatedPartiesDetailsLineItems</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, after allowance, receivable from customers, clients, or other third-parties, and receivables classified as other due within one year or the normal operating cycle, if longer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AccountsAndOtherReceivablesNetCurrent</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=abvc_GenePharmIncMember</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=abvc_RgeneMember</td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=us-gaap_RelatedPartyMember</td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="2" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Related Parties Transactions - Schedule of Due from Related Party - Current and Non-current, Net (Details) - USD ($)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Mar. 31, 2025</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionAxis=abvc_RgeneMember', window );">Rgene [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_RelatedPartiesTransactionsScheduleofDuefromRelatedPartyCurrentandNoncurrentNetDetailsLineItems', window );"><strong>Schedule of Due from Related Party - Current and Non-current, Net [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherReceivablesNetCurrent', window );">Due from related party- Current</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 565,711<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 541,486<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionAxis=abvc_BioFirstMember', window );">BioFirst [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_RelatedPartiesTransactionsScheduleofDuefromRelatedPartyCurrentandNoncurrentNetDetailsLineItems', window );"><strong>Schedule of Due from Related Party - Current and Non-current, Net [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherReceivablesNetCurrent', window );">Due from related party- Current</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[2]</sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">589,340<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">206,087<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionAxis=us-gaap_RelatedPartyMember', window );">Related Party [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_RelatedPartiesTransactionsScheduleofDuefromRelatedPartyCurrentandNoncurrentNetDetailsLineItems', window );"><strong>Schedule of Due from Related Party - Current and Non-current, Net [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherReceivablesNetCurrent', window );">Due from related party- Current</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,155,051<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">747,573<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherReceivableBeforeAllowanceForCreditLossNoncurrent', window );">Due from related parties- Non-current, net</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,014,193<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">953,499<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherReceivableAllowanceForCreditLossNoncurrent', window );">Less: allowance for expected credit losses accounts</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(1,014,193)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(839,983)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherReceivableAfterAllowanceForCreditLossNoncurrent', window );">Net</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">113,516<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionAxis=abvc_BioFirstAustraliaMember', window );">BioFirst (Australia) [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_RelatedPartiesTransactionsScheduleofDuefromRelatedPartyCurrentandNoncurrentNetDetailsLineItems', window );"><strong>Schedule of Due from Related Party - Current and Non-current, Net [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherReceivableBeforeAllowanceForCreditLossNoncurrent', window );">Due from related parties- Non-current, net</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[3]</sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">839,983<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">839,983<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionAxis=abvc_BioHopeKingCorporationMember', window );">BioHopeKing Corporation [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_RelatedPartiesTransactionsScheduleofDuefromRelatedPartyCurrentandNoncurrentNetDetailsLineItems', window );"><strong>Schedule of Due from Related Party - Current and Non-current, Net [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherReceivableBeforeAllowanceForCreditLossNoncurrent', window );">Due from related parties- Non-current, net</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[4]</sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">120,210<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 113,516<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherReceivableAfterAllowanceForCreditLossNoncurrent', window );">Net</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">$ 118,633<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 120,210<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="4"></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4"><table class="outerFootnotes" width="100%">
<tr class="outerFootnote">
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 12pt;" valign="top">[1]</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;" valign="top"><p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">On June 16, 2022, the Company entered into a one-year convertible loan agreement with Rgene, with a principal amount of $1,000,000 to Rgene which bears interest at 5% per annum for the use of working capital that, if fully converted, would result in ABVC owning an additional 6.4% of Rgene. The Company may convert the Note at any time into shares of Rgene&#8217;s common stock at either (i) a fixed conversion price equal to $1.00 per share or (ii) 20% discount of the stock price of the then most recent offering, whichever is lower; the conversion price is subject to adjustment as set forth in the Note. The Note includes standard events of default, as well as a cross-default provision pursuant to which a breach of the Service Agreement will trigger an event of default under the convertible note if not cured after 5 business days of written notice regarding the breach is provided.</span></p> <p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">As of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the outstanding loan balance were both $500,000; and accrued interest was $63,819 and $38,819, respectively.</span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p> <p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company has other receivables amounted $1,892 and $2,667, respectively, from Rgene due to daily operations.</span></p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="outerFootnote">
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 12pt;" valign="top">[2]</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;" valign="top"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On December&#160;31, 2023, BioLite Taiwan entered into a loan agreement with BioFirst, with a principal amount of NTD 11,072,360 (approximately $337,707), which bears interest at 12% per annum for the use of working capital. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company entered into another loan agreement with BioFirst, with a principal amount of NTD 11,406,000 (approximately $347,883), which bears interest at 12% per annum for the use of working capital. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the outstanding loan balance were NTD 17,571,076 (approximately $535,918) and NTD 6,302,360 ($206,087), respectively; accrued interest was $53,422 and $0, respectively. The Company has received NTD 4,040,000 (approximately $126,048) repayment and expects to receive other repayment within next 12 months.</span></td>
</tr>
<tr class="outerFootnote">
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 12pt;" valign="top">[3]</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;" valign="top"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">On July 1, 2020, the Company entered into a loan agreement with BioFirst (Australia) for $361,487 to properly record R&amp;D cost and tax refund allocation based on co-development contract executed on July 24, 2017. The loan was originally set to be mature on September 30, 2021 with an interest rate of 6.5% per annum, but on September 7, 2021, the Company entered into a loan agreement with BioFirst (Australia) for $67,873 to meet its new project needs. On July 27, 2021, the Company repaid a loan 249,975 to BioFirst (Australia). On December 1, 2021, the Company entered into a loan agreement with BioFirst (Australia) for $250,000 to increase the cost for upcoming projects. The loan will be matured on November 30, 2022 with an interest rate of 6.5% per annum. In 2022, the Company entered into several loan agreements with BioFirst (Australia) for a total amount of $507,000 to increase the cost for upcoming projects. &#160;During the first quarter of 2023, the Company entered into several loan agreements with BioFirst (Australia) for a total amount of $88,091 to increase the cost for upcoming projects. During the second quarter of 2023, the Company entered into several loan agreements with BioFirst (Australia) for a total amount of $25,500 to increase the cost for upcoming projects. All the loans period was twelve months with an interest rate of 6.5% per annum. For accounting purpose, the due from and due to related party balances was being net off. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the outstanding loan balances and allocated research fee were both amounted to $681,185, and accrued interest balances were both amounted $158,798.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The business conditions of BioFirst (Australia) deteriorated and, as a result, the Company recognized expected credit losses of $839,983 for the year ended December 31, 2023. The Company stopped accruing interest income recognizing such losses.</span></p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="outerFootnote">
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 12pt;" valign="top">[4]</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;" valign="top">On February 24, 2015, BioLite Taiwan and BioHopeKing Corporation (the &#8220;BHK&#8221;) entered into a co-development agreement, (the &#8220;BHK Co-Development Agreement&#8221;, see Note 4). The development costs shall be shared 50/50 between BHK and the Company. Under the term of the agreement, BioLite issued relevant development cost to BHK. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, due from BHK was both NTD 3,941,299 (approximately $120,210 and $113,516, respectively). The business conditions of BHK deteriorated and as a result, the Company recognized expected credit losses of $120,210 for the year ended December 31, 2024.</td>
</tr>
</table></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">abvc_RelatedPartiesTransactionsScheduleofDuefromRelatedPartyCurrentandNoncurrentNetDetailsLineItems</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherReceivableAfterAllowanceForCreditLossNoncurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, after allowance for credit loss, of receivable classified as other and noncurrent.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(17))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherReceivableAfterAllowanceForCreditLossNoncurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherReceivableAllowanceForCreditLossNoncurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of allowance for credit loss on receivable classified as other and noncurrent.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(17))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherReceivableAllowanceForCreditLossNoncurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherReceivableBeforeAllowanceForCreditLossNoncurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, before allowance for credit loss, of receivable classified as other and noncurrent.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 326<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479344/326-20-45-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherReceivableBeforeAllowanceForCreditLossNoncurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
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</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherReceivablesNetCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, after allowance, of receivables classified as other, due within one year or the operating cycle, if longer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherReceivablesNetCurrent</td>
</tr>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionAxis=abvc_RgeneMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionAxis=abvc_RgeneMember</td>
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<tr>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionAxis=abvc_BioFirstMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionAxis=abvc_BioFirstMember</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionAxis=us-gaap_RelatedPartyMember</td>
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<tr>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionAxis=abvc_BioFirstAustraliaMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionAxis=abvc_BioFirstAustraliaMember</td>
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<tr>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionAxis=abvc_BioHopeKingCorporationMember</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<td>na</td>
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<td></td>
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<td></td>
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</html>
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</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
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<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
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<html>
<head>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="2" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Related Parties Transactions - Schedule of Amount Due to Related Parties (Details) - USD ($)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionAxis=abvc_AiBtlHoldingMember', window );">AiBtl Holding [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_RelatedPartiesTransactionsScheduleofAmountDuetoRelatedPartiesDetailsLineItems', window );"><strong>Schedule of Amount Due to Related Parties [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesCurrent', window );">Amount due to related parties</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="nump">$ 348,219<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionAxis=abvc_TheJiangsMember', window );">The Jiangs [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_RelatedPartiesTransactionsScheduleofAmountDuetoRelatedPartiesDetailsLineItems', window );"><strong>Schedule of Amount Due to Related Parties [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesCurrent', window );">Amount due to related parties</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[2]</sup></td>
<td class="nump">274,170<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">19,789<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionAxis=abvc_ShareholdersMember', window );">Shareholders [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_RelatedPartiesTransactionsScheduleofAmountDuetoRelatedPartiesDetailsLineItems', window );"><strong>Schedule of Amount Due to Related Parties [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesCurrent', window );">Amount due to related parties</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[3]</sup></td>
<td class="nump">142,130<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">152,382<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionAxis=abvc_DirectorsMember', window );">Directors [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_RelatedPartiesTransactionsScheduleofAmountDuetoRelatedPartiesDetailsLineItems', window );"><strong>Schedule of Amount Due to Related Parties [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesCurrent', window );">Amount due to related parties</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[4]</sup></td>
<td class="nump">8,526<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,322<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionAxis=us-gaap_RelatedPartyMember', window );">Related Party [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_RelatedPartiesTransactionsScheduleofAmountDuetoRelatedPartiesDetailsLineItems', window );"><strong>Schedule of Amount Due to Related Parties [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesCurrent', window );">Amount due to related parties</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">$ 773,045<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 173,493<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="3"></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="3"><table class="outerFootnotes" width="100%">
<tr class="outerFootnote">
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 12pt;" valign="top">[1]</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;" valign="top">On April 11, 2024, May 10, 2024, August 15, 2024, and December 24, 2024, AiBtl received short-term loans from its founding shareholder, AiBtl Holding, for the principal amounts of $40,000, $60,000, $33,732, and $214,487, respectively, for the purpose of daily operations. These loans do not bear interest and are payable on demand.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="outerFootnote">
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 12pt;" valign="top">[2]</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;" valign="top"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Since 2019, the Jiangs advanced funds to the Company for working capital purpose. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the outstanding balance due to the Jiangs amounted to $274,170 and $19,789, respectively. These loans bear no interest and are due on demand.</span></td>
</tr>
<tr class="outerFootnote">
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 12pt;" valign="top">[3]</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;" valign="top"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Since 2018, the Company&#8217;s shareholders have advanced funds to the Company for working capital purpose. The advances bear interest rate around 12% per annum. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the outstanding principal and accrued interest was $172,112 and $152,382, respectively. Interest expenses in connection with these loans were $21,101 and $20,094 for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.</span></td>
</tr>
<tr class="outerFootnote">
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 12pt;" valign="top">[4]</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;" valign="top"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, due to Directors amounted to $8,526 and $1,322, respectively, were related to the daily operating expenses in 2024 and entity setup fee in 2023 paid by the Directors of AiBtl on behalf of the entity.</span></td>
</tr>
</table></td></tr>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">abvc_RelatedPartiesTransactionsScheduleofAmountDuetoRelatedPartiesDetailsLineItems</td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of liabilities classified as other, due within one year or the normal operating cycle, if longer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(20))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481372/852-10-55-10<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Income Taxes (Details) - USD ($)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">3 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Mar. 31, 2025</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Mar. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th>
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<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract', window );"><strong>Income Taxes [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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</tr>
<tr class="ro">
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<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (110,539)<span></span>
</td>
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</td>
</tr>
</table>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of current income tax expense (benefit) and deferred income tax expense (benefit) pertaining to continuing operations.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147476153/220-40-55-4<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 21<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147476153/220-40-55-21<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 14<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147476153/220-40-55-14<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480738/235-10-S50-1<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 270<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (i)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482964/270-10-50-1<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 32<br> -Subparagraph (ee)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-32<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 12<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-12<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 231<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482663/740-10-55-231<br><br>Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 9<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483443/250-10-50-9<br><br>Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 6.I.7)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479360/740-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483443/250-10-50-8<br><br>Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-10<br><br>Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 22<br> -Subparagraph (h)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-22<br><br>Reference 14: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-04(9))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477250/944-220-S99-1<br><br>Reference 15: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Topic 740<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482659/740-20-45-2<br><br>Reference 16: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(h))<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 235<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Income Taxes - Schedule of Income Tax (Benefit) Expense (Details) - USD ($)<br></strong></div></th>
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<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Mar. 31, 2025</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Mar. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text"> <span></span>
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<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CurrentStateAndLocalTaxExpenseBenefit', window );">State</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text"> <span></span>
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<td class="text"> <span></span>
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<tr class="ro">
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="num">(110,539)<span></span>
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<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CurrentIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit', window );">Total Current</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DeferredFederalIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit', window );">Federal</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DeferredStateAndLocalIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit', window );">State</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
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<td class="text"> <span></span>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DeferredForeignIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit', window );">Foreign</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">115,668<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit', window );">Total Deferred</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">115,668<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit', window );">Total provision for income tax (benefit) expense</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (110,539)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 256,006<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CurrentFederalStateAndLocalTaxExpenseBenefitAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CurrentFederalStateAndLocalTaxExpenseBenefitAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CurrentFederalTaxExpenseBenefit">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of current federal tax expense (benefit) attributable to income (loss) from continuing operations. Includes, but is not limited to, current national tax expense (benefit) for non-US (United States of America) jurisdiction.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480738/235-10-S50-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 6.I.7)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479360/740-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(h)(1)(Note 1))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 9<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 740<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-9<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CurrentFederalTaxExpenseBenefit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CurrentForeignTaxExpenseBenefit">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of current foreign income tax expense (benefit) pertaining to income (loss) from continuing operations.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480738/235-10-S50-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(h)(1)(Note 1))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 9<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 740<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-9<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CurrentForeignTaxExpenseBenefit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CurrentIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of current income tax expense (benefit) pertaining to taxable income (loss) from continuing operations.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480738/235-10-S50-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(h)(1)(Note 1))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 9<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-9<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CurrentIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CurrentStateAndLocalTaxExpenseBenefit">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of current state and local tax expense (benefit) attributable to income (loss) from continuing operations. Includes, but is not limited to, current regional, territorial, and provincial tax expense (benefit) for non-US (United States of America) jurisdiction.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480738/235-10-S50-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 6.I.7)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479360/740-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(h)(1)(Note 1))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 9<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 740<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-9<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CurrentStateAndLocalTaxExpenseBenefit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DeferredFederalIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of deferred federal tax expense (benefit) attributable to income (loss) from continuing operations. Includes, but is not limited to, deferred national tax expense (benefit) for non-US (United States of America) jurisdiction.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480738/235-10-S50-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 6.I.7)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479360/740-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(h)(1)(Note 1))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 9<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-9<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DeferredFederalIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DeferredFederalStateAndLocalTaxExpenseBenefitAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DeferredFederalStateAndLocalTaxExpenseBenefitAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DeferredForeignIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of deferred foreign income tax expense (benefit) pertaining to income (loss) from continuing operations.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480738/235-10-S50-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(h)(1)(Note 1))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 9<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-9<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DeferredForeignIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of deferred income tax expense (benefit) pertaining to income (loss) from continuing operations.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 230<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-28<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480738/235-10-S50-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(h)(1)(Note 1))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 9<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 740<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-9<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DeferredStateAndLocalIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of deferred state and local tax expense (benefit) attributable to income (loss) from continuing operations. Includes, but is not limited to, deferred regional, territorial, and provincial tax expense (benefit) for non-US (United States of America) jurisdiction.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480738/235-10-S50-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 6.I.7)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479360/740-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(h)(1)(Note 1))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 9<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-9<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DeferredStateAndLocalIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of current income tax expense (benefit) and deferred income tax expense (benefit) pertaining to continuing operations.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147476153/220-40-55-4<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 21<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147476153/220-40-55-21<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 14<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147476153/220-40-55-14<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480738/235-10-S50-1<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 270<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (i)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482964/270-10-50-1<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 32<br> -Subparagraph (ee)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-32<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 12<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-12<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 231<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482663/740-10-55-231<br><br>Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 9<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483443/250-10-50-9<br><br>Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 6.I.7)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479360/740-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483443/250-10-50-8<br><br>Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-10<br><br>Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 22<br> -Subparagraph (h)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-22<br><br>Reference 14: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-04(9))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477250/944-220-S99-1<br><br>Reference 15: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Topic 740<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482659/740-20-45-2<br><br>Reference 16: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(h))<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 235<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Income Taxes - Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets (Liability) (Details) - USD ($)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Mar. 31, 2025</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ComponentsOfDeferredTaxAssetsAndLiabilitiesAbstract', window );"><strong>Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets (Liability) [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsOther', window );">Loss on impairment of Assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 713,223<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 713,223<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 713,223<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwardsForeign', window );">Net operating loss carryforwards</a></td>
<td class="nump">5,870,805<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">5,677,413<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">5,018,343<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_OperatingLeaseLiabilities', window );">Operating lease liabilities</a></td>
<td class="nump">155,559<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">178,014<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">213,482<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLeaseAssets', window );">Operating lease assets</a></td>
<td class="num">(155,559)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(178,014)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(213,482)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsGross', window );">Deferred tax assets, Gross</a></td>
<td class="nump">6,584,028<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">6,390,636<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">5,731,566<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance', window );">Valuation allowance</a></td>
<td class="num">(6,584,028)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(6,390,636)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(5,731,566)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsNet', window );">Deferred tax assets, net</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_abvc_DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLeaseAssets">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, before allocation of valuation allowance, of deferred tax asset attributable to operating lease assets.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">abvc_DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLeaseAssets</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>abvc_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_abvc_OperatingLeaseLiabilities">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Operating lease liabilities amount.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">abvc_OperatingLeaseLiabilities</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>abvc_</td>
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<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ComponentsOfDeferredTaxAssetsAndLiabilitiesAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ComponentsOfDeferredTaxAssetsAndLiabilitiesAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsGross">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount before allocation of valuation allowances of deferred tax asset attributable to deductible temporary differences and carryforwards.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsGross</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsNet">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount after allocation of valuation allowances of deferred tax asset attributable to deductible temporary differences and carryforwards.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsNet</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwardsForeign">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount before allocation of valuation allowances of deferred tax asset attributable to deductible foreign operating loss carryforwards.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-6<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwardsForeign</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsOther">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, before allocation of valuation allowance, of deferred tax asset attributable to deductible temporary differences, classified as other.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-6<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsOther</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of deferred tax assets for which it is more likely than not that a tax benefit will not be realized.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="2" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Equity (Details) - USD ($)<br></strong></div></th>
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<th class="th" colspan="5">1 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="3">3 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="7">12 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
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<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 01, 2025</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Mar. 03, 2025</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 09, 2025</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 05, 2025</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 26, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Nov. 19, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Nov. 13, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Oct. 29, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Sep. 03, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Aug. 15, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Aug. 14, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>May 22, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>May 10, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 11, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 17, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Nov. 30, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Nov. 17, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Aug. 14, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 27, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Feb. 28, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Feb. 23, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2025</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Mar. 30, 2025</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Feb. 28, 2025</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2025</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Mar. 31, 2025</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Mar. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Sep. 30, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Mar. 31, 2025</div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Mar. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2019</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Nov. 05, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Aug. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jun. 30, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>May 24, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Mar. 14, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Feb. 06, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 27, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Aug. 01, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 03, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2022</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 24, 2018</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems', window );"><strong>Equity [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueIssuedForServices', window );">Service fee (in Dollars)</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 196,100<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueShareBasedCompensation', window );">Stock-based compensation (in Dollars)</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 48,773<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,935,755<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 2,453,873<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense', window );">Share-based compensation expenses (in Dollars)</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 48,773<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 451,480<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">$ 2,031,631<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 902,960<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityNoteSubscriptionsReceivable', window );">Stock subscription receivables (in Dollars)</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,354,440<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued', window );">Common stock, shares issued</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">15,378,305<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">15,378,305<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">13,868,484<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">7,940,298<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,610,700<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SaleOfStockNumberOfSharesIssuedInTransaction', window );">Sale of shares</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">20,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">20,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">20,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">30,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfSecuritiesCalledByWarrantsOrRights', window );">Warrant to purchase</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightExercisePriceOfWarrantsOrRights1', window );">Exercise price (in Dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 2<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharesIssuedPricePerShare', window );">Price per share (in Dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 20<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1.87<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1.87<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1.87<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueAdjustmentOfWarrants', window );">Fair value of the warrants (in Dollars)</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 925,210<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 480,795<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfSecuritiesCalledByEachWarrantOrRight', window );">Shares exercised</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">529,167<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfCommonStock', window );">Aggregate value of common stock (in Dollars)</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,050,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAvailableForGrant', window );">Granted restricted shares</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare', window );">Common stock, par value (in Dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.001<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.001<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.001<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.001<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues', window );">Issuance of common stock</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">399,384<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_AverageIssuancePricePerShare', window );">Average issuance price per share (in Dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.68<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PaymentsForRent', window );">Rent payable (in Dollars)</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 127,494<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 271,827<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Cash', window );">Cash of purchase agreements (in Dollars)</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 2,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_ConsultingFee', window );">Consulting fee (in Dollars)</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 383,500<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Land', window );">Land (in Dollars)</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 7,670,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_WarrantExercisePriceDecrease', window );">Initial exercise price per share (in Dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.75<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 10.5<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_WarrantExercisePriceIncrease', window );">Warrants exercise price per share (in Dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.75<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0.75<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 2<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_StockIssueDuringPeriodCommonShares', window );">Stock issue during period common shares</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,705,303<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,732,167<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RepaymentsOfConvertibleDebt', window );">Cash repayment (in Dollars)</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 327,017<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CreditDerivativeTerm1', window );">Warrant term</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">5 years<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">5 years<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromRepaymentOfLoansToPurchaseCommonStock', window );">Repayment of principal of 2nd lind note (in Dollars)</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 800,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtConversionConvertedInstrumentAmount1', window );">Principal amount of converted debt (in Dollars)</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 563,819<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssues', window );">Total common stock value issued (in Dollars)</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,050,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightAxis=us-gaap_WarrantMember', window );">Warrant [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems', window );"><strong>Equity [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SaleOfStockNumberOfSharesIssuedInTransaction', window );">Sale of shares</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfSecuritiesCalledByWarrantsOrRights', window );">Warrant to purchase</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">20,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfSecuritiesCalledByEachWarrantOrRight', window );">Shares exercised</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightAxis=abvc_PreFundedWarrantsMember', window );">Pre-Funded Warrants [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems', window );"><strong>Equity [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharesIssuedPricePerShare', window );">Price per share (in Dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 3.5<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueAdjustmentOfWarrants', window );">Fair value of the warrants (in Dollars)</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,750,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfSecuritiesCalledByEachWarrantOrRight', window );">Shares exercised</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">200,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightAxis=abvc_NewWarrantsMember', window );">New Warrants [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems', window );"><strong>Equity [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightExercisePriceOfWarrantsOrRights1', window );">Exercise price (in Dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightAxis=abvc_ExistingWarrantsMember', window );">Existing Warrants [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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</td>
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</td>
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</td>
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</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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</td>
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</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems', window );"><strong>Equity [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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</td>
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</td>
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</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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</td>
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</td>
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</td>
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</td>
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</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_WarrantExercisePriceDecrease', window );">Initial exercise price per share (in Dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0.4<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_WarrantExercisePriceIncrease', window );">Warrants exercise price per share (in Dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.75<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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</td>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_TitleOfIndividualAxis=abvc_ConsultantMember', window );">Consultant [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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</td>
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</td>
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</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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</td>
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</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems', window );"><strong>Equity [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued', window );">Common stock, shares issued</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">22,341<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis=abvc_ChiefStrategicOfficerMember', window );">Chief Strategic Officer [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems', window );"><strong>Equity [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage', window );">Ownership Percentage</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">15.40%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis=us-gaap_ReceivablesFromStockholderMember', window );">Receivables from Stockholder [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems', window );"><strong>Equity [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueShareBasedCompensation', window );">Stock-based compensation (in Dollars)</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 451,480<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 902,960<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis=us-gaap_CommonStockMember', window );">Common Stock [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems', window );"><strong>Equity [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesIssuedForServices', window );">Issued shares for consulting service</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[2]</sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">51,941<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueIssuedForServices', window );">Service fee (in Dollars)</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[2]</sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 52<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueShareBasedCompensation', window );">Stock-based compensation (in Dollars)</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 81<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,303<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,019<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[2]</sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued', window );">Common stock, shares issued</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">41,387<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">200,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfSecuritiesCalledByWarrantsOrRights', window );">Warrant to purchase</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightExercisePriceOfWarrantsOrRights1', window );">Exercise price (in Dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.001<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharesIssuedPricePerShare', window );">Price per share (in Dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.0001<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 50<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare', window );">Common stock, par value (in Dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.75<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 3.5<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues', window );">Issuance of common stock</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">30,422<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">45,293<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">64,147<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">46,072<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">43,458<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">66,219<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">30,488<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">120,398<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">22,031<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">169,992<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">28,135<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">300,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[2]</sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RepaymentsOfConvertibleDebt', window );">Cash repayment (in Dollars)</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">593,714<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,786,686<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtConversionConvertedInstrumentAmount1', window );">Principal amount of converted debt (in Dollars)</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 600,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssues', window );">Total common stock value issued (in Dollars)</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[2]</sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 300<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TypeOfArrangementAxis=abvc_ThirdLetterAgreementMember', window );">Third Letter Agreement [Member] | Common Stock [Member] | Warrant [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems', window );"><strong>Equity [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised', window );">Exercised shares</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,029,167<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeAxis=us-gaap_SubsequentEventMember', window );">Subsequent Event [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems', window );"><strong>Equity [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfSecuritiesCalledByWarrantsOrRights', window );">Warrant to purchase</a></td>
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<td class="nump">1,029,167<span></span>
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<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_CommonStockSharesIssuedForRent', window );">Number of shares issued for rent</a></td>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis=abvc_PreExistingWarrantsMember', window );">Pre-Existing Warrants [Member]</a></td>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems', window );"><strong>Equity [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SaleOfStockNumberOfSharesIssuedInTransaction', window );">Sale of shares</a></td>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis=abvc_LindOfferingsMember', window );">Lind Offerings [Member] | Common Stock [Member]</a></td>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems', window );"><strong>Equity [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues', window );">Issuance of common stock</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">751,795<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssues', window );">Total common stock value issued (in Dollars)</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 681,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_OwnershipAxis=abvc_AiBtlHoldingMember', window );">AiBtl Holding [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems', window );"><strong>Equity [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_MinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByNoncontrollingOwners', window );">Percentage of subsidiary interest in noncontrolling interests</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">60.70%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_MinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent', window );">Ownership percentage</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">58.85%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">58.85%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_OwnershipAxis=abvc_BioLiteTaiwanMember', window );">BioLite Taiwan [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems', window );"><strong>Equity [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_MinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent', window );">Ownership percentage</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">90.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">90.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_OwnershipAxis=abvc_ShulingJiangMember', window );">Shuling Jiang [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems', window );"><strong>Equity [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_MinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent', window );">Ownership percentage</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">10.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">10.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentAxis=abvc_LindGlobalFundIILPLindMember', window );">Lind Global Fund II, LP (&#8220;Lind&#8221;) [Member] | Common Stock [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems', window );"><strong>Equity [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentConvertibleConversionPrice1', window );">Conversion price per share (in Dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentAxis=abvc_ThirdLINDNoteMember', window );">Third LIND Note [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems', window );"><strong>Equity [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentConvertibleConversionPrice1', window );">Conversion price per share (in Dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtConversionConvertedInstrumentAmount1', window );">Principal amount of converted debt (in Dollars)</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">$ 200,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 400,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 400,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ConversionOfStockSharesIssued1', window );">Number of shares issued on conversion</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">400,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">400,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentAxis=abvc_LindMember', window );">Lind [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems', window );"><strong>Equity [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfSecuritiesCalledByWarrantsOrRights', window );">Warrant to purchase</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,029,167<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_WarrantExercisePriceDecrease', window );">Initial exercise price per share (in Dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.4<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtConversionConvertedInstrumentAmount1', window );">Principal amount of converted debt (in Dollars)</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">200,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis=us-gaap_LandMember', window );">Land [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems', window );"><strong>Equity [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_OutstandingLiabilityOwnedAmount', window );">Outstanding liability owned (in Dollars)</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 500,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis=us-gaap_LandMember', window );">Land [Member] | Common Stock [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems', window );"><strong>Equity [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_AssetConsiderationCommonStock', window );">Asset consideration common stock</a></td>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis=abvc_TwoThousandSixteenEquityIncentivePlanMember', window );">2016 Equity Incentive Plan [Member]</a></td>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems', window );"><strong>Equity [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAvailableForGrant', window );">Granted restricted shares</a></td>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis=abvc_TwoThousandSixteenEquityIncentivePlanMember', window );">2016 Equity Incentive Plan [Member] | Directors [Member]</a></td>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems', window );"><strong>Equity [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAvailableForGrant', window );">Granted restricted shares</a></td>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTypeAxis=us-gaap_ConvertibleNotesPayableMember', window );">Convertible Notes Payable [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems', window );"><strong>Equity [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesIssuedForServices', window );">Issued shares for consulting service</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfSecuritiesCalledByWarrantsOrRights', window );">Warrant to purchase</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightExercisePriceOfWarrantsOrRights1', window );">Exercise price (in Dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 2<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RepaymentsOfConvertibleDebt', window );">Cash repayment (in Dollars)</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 127,759<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtConversionConvertedInstrumentAmount1', window );">Principal amount of converted debt (in Dollars)</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 400,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 400,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=abvc_EuroAsiaInvestmentFinanceCorpLtdMember', window );">Euro-Asia Investment &amp; Finance Corp Ltd. [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems', window );"><strong>Equity [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesIssuedForServices', window );">Issued shares for consulting service</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">644,972<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueIssuedForServices', window );">Service fee (in Dollars)</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">$ 4,514,800<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=abvc_EuroAsiaInvestmentFinanceCorpLtdMember', window );">Euro-Asia Investment &amp; Finance Corp Ltd. [Member] | Receivables from Stockholder [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems', window );"><strong>Equity [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueShareBasedCompensation', window );">Stock-based compensation (in Dollars)</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 225,740<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=abvc_ZhonghuiMember', window );">Zhonghui [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems', window );"><strong>Equity [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesIssuedForServices', window );">Issued shares for consulting service</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">29,600<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SaleOfStockPercentageOfOwnershipAfterTransaction', window );">Ownership percentage</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">20.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=abvc_ZhonghuiMember', window );">Zhonghui [Member] | Common Stock [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems', window );"><strong>Equity [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharesIssuedPricePerShare', window );">Price per share (in Dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1.87<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1.87<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_AggregateCommonStockShares', window );">Aggregate common stock</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">370,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">370,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfCommonStock', window );">Aggregate value of common stock (in Dollars)</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 691,900<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 691,900<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=abvc_ABVCMember', window );">ABVC [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems', window );"><strong>Equity [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_NonControllingInterestConsiderationShare', window );">Non-controlling interest consideration share</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">23,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=abvc_BioLiteBVIIncMember', window );">BioLite BVI Inc [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems', window );"><strong>Equity [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_NonControllingInterestConsiderationShare', window );">Non-controlling interest consideration share</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">23,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=abvc_LindGlobalFundIILPLindMember', window );">Lind Global Fund II, LP (&#8220;Lind&#8221;) [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems', window );"><strong>Equity [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued', window );">Common stock, shares issued</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">800,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_PurchaseWarrantTerm', window );">Purchase warrant term</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">5 years<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_WarrantExercisePriceDecrease', window );">Initial exercise price per share (in Dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.75<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=abvc_LindNoteMember', window );">Lind Note [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems', window );"><strong>Equity [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightExercisePriceOfWarrantsOrRights1', window );">Exercise price (in Dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 3.5<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtConversionConvertedInstrumentAmount1', window );">Principal amount of converted debt (in Dollars)</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">$ 600,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=abvc_LindMember', window );">Lind [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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</td>
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</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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</td>
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</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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</td>
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</td>
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</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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</td>
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</td>
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</td>
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</td>
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</td>
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</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems', window );"><strong>Equity [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfSecuritiesCalledByEachWarrantOrRight', window );">Shares exercised</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">400,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">400,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonStockMember', window );">Common Stock [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems', window );"><strong>Equity [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense', window );">Share-based compensation expenses (in Dollars)</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 225,740<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare', window );">Common stock, par value (in Dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 5<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 5<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtConversionConvertedInstrumentWarrantsOrOptionsIssued1', window );">Warrants issued</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,029,167<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">500,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_RangeAxis=srt_MaximumMember', window );">Maximum [Member]</a></td>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems', window );"><strong>Equity [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharesIssuedPricePerShare', window );">Price per share (in Dollars per share)</a></td>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtConversionConvertedInstrumentWarrantsOrOptionsIssued1', window );">Warrants issued</a></td>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentConvertibleConversionPrice1', window );">Conversion price per share (in Dollars per share)</a></td>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_RangeAxis=srt_MaximumMember', window );">Maximum [Member] | Subsequent Event [Member]</a></td>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems', window );"><strong>Equity [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightExercisePriceOfWarrantsOrRights1', window );">Exercise price (in Dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0.75<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_RangeAxis=srt_MinimumMember', window );">Minimum [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems', window );"><strong>Equity [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharesIssuedPricePerShare', window );">Price per share (in Dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1.87<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1.87<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1.87<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtConversionConvertedInstrumentWarrantsOrOptionsIssued1', window );">Warrants issued</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">470,833<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentConvertibleConversionPrice1', window );">Conversion price per share (in Dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.7907<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_RangeAxis=srt_MinimumMember', window );">Minimum [Member] | Subsequent Event [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems', window );"><strong>Equity [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightExercisePriceOfWarrantsOrRights1', window );">Exercise price (in Dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.4<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="49"></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="49"><table class="outerFootnotes" width="100%">
<tr class="outerFootnote">
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 12pt;" valign="top">[1]</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;" valign="top"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Prior period results have been adjusted to reflect the 1-for-10 reverse stock split effected on July 25, 2023.</span></td>
</tr>
<tr class="outerFootnote">
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 12pt;" valign="top">[2]</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;" valign="top"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Prior period results have been adjusted to reflect the 1-for-10 reverse stock split effected on July 25, 2023.</span></td>
</tr>
</table></td></tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_abvc_AggregateCommonStockShares">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Aggregate common stock shares.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">abvc_AggregateCommonStockShares</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>abvc_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_abvc_AssetConsiderationCommonStock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Asset consideration common stock.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">abvc_AssetConsiderationCommonStock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>abvc_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_abvc_AverageIssuancePricePerShare">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Represent the average issuance price per share.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">abvc_AverageIssuancePricePerShare</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>abvc_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_abvc_CommonStockSharesIssuedForRent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of shares issued for rent.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">abvc_CommonStockSharesIssuedForRent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>abvc_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_abvc_ConsultingFee">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The amount of  consulting fee .</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">abvc_ConsultingFee</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>abvc_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_abvc_NonControllingInterestConsiderationShare">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Non-controlling interest consideration share.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">abvc_NonControllingInterestConsiderationShare</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>abvc_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_abvc_OutstandingLiabilityOwnedAmount">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Outstanding liability Owned Amount.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">abvc_OutstandingLiabilityOwnedAmount</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>abvc_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_abvc_PurchaseWarrantTerm">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Term of the purchase warrant.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">abvc_PurchaseWarrantTerm</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>abvc_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:durationItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_abvc_StockIssueDuringPeriodCommonShares">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Stock issue during period common shares.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">abvc_StockIssueDuringPeriodCommonShares</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>abvc_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of expense for award under share-based payment arrangement. Excludes amount capitalized.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479983/718-10-S45-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 14.F)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479830/718-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (h)(1)(i)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_Cash">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of currency on hand as well as demand deposits with banks or financial institutions. Includes other kinds of accounts that have the general characteristics of demand deposits. Excludes cash and cash equivalents within disposal group and discontinued operation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 605<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 14<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477548/944-605-55-14<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 605<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 11<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477548/944-605-55-11<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481372/852-10-55-10<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 830<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 12<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479168/946-830-55-12<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(2))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478777/944-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-04(4))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479170/946-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 21<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477796/946-210-45-21<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(1))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 20<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Topic 946<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477796/946-210-45-20<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_Cash</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 815<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 8A<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480434/815-10-50-8A<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480738/235-10-S50-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 480<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479857/480-10-S50-1<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 13<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-13<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/recommendedDisclosureRef<br> -Topic 272<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483014/272-10-45-3<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 272<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482987/272-10-50-1<br><br>Reference 8: 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http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(27)(b))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 16: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(28))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 17: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 18: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-03(i)(2))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479886/946-10-S99-3<br><br>Reference 19: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-03(i)(1))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479886/946-10-S99-3<br><br>Reference 20: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-03(i)(2)(i))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479886/946-10-S99-3<br><br>Reference 21: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-03(i)(2)(ii))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479886/946-10-S99-3<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightExercisePriceOfWarrantsOrRights1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Exercise price per share or per unit of warrants or rights outstanding.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480738/235-10-S50-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(h)(4))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-3<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightExercisePriceOfWarrantsOrRights1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfSecuritiesCalledByEachWarrantOrRight">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of securities into which each warrant or right may be converted. For example, but not limited to, each warrant may be converted into two shares.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfSecuritiesCalledByEachWarrantOrRight</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfSecuritiesCalledByWarrantsOrRights">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of securities into which the class of warrant or right may be converted. For example, but not limited to, 500,000 warrants may be converted into 1,000,000 shares.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-3<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfSecuritiesCalledByWarrantsOrRights</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Face amount or stated value per share of common stock.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Total number of common shares of an entity that have been sold or granted to shareholders (includes common shares that were issued, repurchased and remain in the treasury). These shares represent capital invested by the firm's shareholders and owners, and may be all or only a portion of the number of shares authorized. Shares issued include shares outstanding and shares held in the treasury.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ConversionOfStockSharesIssued1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The number of new shares issued in the conversion of stock in a noncash (or part noncash) transaction. Noncash is defined as transactions during a period that do not result in cash receipts or cash payments in the period. "Part noncash" refers to that portion of the transaction not resulting in cash receipts or cash payments in the period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482913/230-10-50-4<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482913/230-10-50-3<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 5<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482913/230-10-50-5<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ConversionOfStockSharesIssued1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CreditDerivativeTerm1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Term of the credit risk derivative contract, in 'PnYnMnDTnHnMnS' format, for example, 'P1Y5M13D' represents the reported fact of one year, five months, and thirteen days.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 815<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4K<br> -Subparagraph (a)(1)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480434/815-10-50-4K<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CreditDerivativeTerm1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:durationItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DebtConversionConvertedInstrumentAmount1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The value of the financial instrument(s) that the original debt is being converted into in a noncash (or part noncash) transaction. "Part noncash" refers to that portion of the transaction not resulting in cash receipts or cash payments in the period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482913/230-10-50-3<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 5<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482913/230-10-50-5<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DebtConversionConvertedInstrumentAmount1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DebtConversionConvertedInstrumentWarrantsOrOptionsIssued1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The number of warrants issued in exchange for the original debt being converted in a noncash (or part noncash) transaction. "Part noncash" refers to that portion of the transaction not resulting in cash receipts or cash payments in the period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482913/230-10-50-3<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 5<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482913/230-10-50-5<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DebtConversionConvertedInstrumentWarrantsOrOptionsIssued1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentConvertibleConversionPrice1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The price per share of the conversion feature embedded in the debt instrument.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-1B<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 5<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-5<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DebtInstrumentConvertibleConversionPrice1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The percentage of ownership of common stock or equity participation in the investee accounted for under the equity method of accounting.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 825<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (f)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482907/825-10-50-28<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 323<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (a)(1)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481687/323-10-50-3<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_FairValueAdjustmentOfWarrants">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of expense (income) related to adjustment to fair value of warrant liability.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 230<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-28<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_FairValueAdjustmentOfWarrants</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_Land">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount before accumulated depletion of real estate held for productive use, excluding land held for sale.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(13))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_Land</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_MinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByNoncontrollingOwners">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The equity interest of noncontrolling shareholders, partners or other equity holders in consolidated entity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_MinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByNoncontrollingOwners</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_MinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The parent entity's interest in net assets of the subsidiary, expressed as a percentage.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_MinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PaymentsForRent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Cash payments to lessor's for use of assets under operating leases.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 25<br> -Subparagraph (g)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 230<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-25<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PaymentsForRent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfCommonStock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The cash inflow from the additional capital contribution to the entity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 14<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 230<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-14<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfCommonStock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromRepaymentOfLoansToPurchaseCommonStock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Cash inflow from repayment of loans for purchasing common stock.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 14<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-14<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ProceedsFromRepaymentOfLoansToPurchaseCommonStock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RepaymentsOfConvertibleDebt">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The cash outflow from the repayment of a long-term debt instrument which can be exchanged for a specified amount of another security, typically the entity's common stock, at the option of the issuer or the holder.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 15<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-15<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RepaymentsOfConvertibleDebt</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_SaleOfStockNumberOfSharesIssuedInTransaction">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The number of shares issued or sold by the subsidiary or equity method investee per stock transaction.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SaleOfStockNumberOfSharesIssuedInTransaction</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_SaleOfStockPercentageOfOwnershipAfterTransaction">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Percentage of subsidiary's or equity investee's stock owned by parent company after stock transaction.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SaleOfStockPercentageOfOwnershipAfterTransaction</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAvailableForGrant">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The difference between the maximum number of shares (or other type of equity) authorized for issuance under the plan (including the effects of amendments and adjustments), and the sum of: 1) the number of shares (or other type of equity) already issued upon exercise of options or other equity-based awards under the plan; and 2) shares (or other type of equity) reserved for issuance on granting of outstanding awards, net of cancellations and forfeitures, if applicable.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAvailableForGrant</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_SharesIssuedPricePerShare">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Per share or per unit amount of equity securities issued.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SharesIssuedPricePerShare</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesIssuedForServices">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of shares issued in lieu of cash for services contributed to the entity. Number of shares includes, but is not limited to, shares issued for services contributed by vendors and founders.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesIssuedForServices</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of new stock issued during the period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 505<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(28))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 505<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478448/946-505-50-2<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-09(4)(b))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479134/946-220-S99-3<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-03(i)(1))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479886/946-10-S99-3<br><br>Reference 7: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480008/505-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of share options (or share units) exercised during the current period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 505<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(28))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)(iv)(02)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 5: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480008/505-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueIssuedForServices">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Value of stock issued in lieu of cash for services contributed to the entity. Value of the stock issued includes, but is not limited to, services contributed by vendors and founders.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueIssuedForServices</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssues">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Equity impact of the value of new stock issued during the period. Includes shares issued in an initial public offering or a secondary public offering.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 505<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(28))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 830<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 11<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479168/946-830-55-11<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 205<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478009/946-205-45-4<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 505<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478448/946-505-50-2<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-09(4)(b))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479134/946-220-S99-3<br><br>Reference 8: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480008/505-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssues</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueShareBasedCompensation">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Value, after forfeiture, of shares issued under share-based payment arrangement. Excludes employee stock ownership plan (ESOP).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(28))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480008/505-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (d)(1)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueShareBasedCompensation</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityNoteSubscriptionsReceivable">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Note received instead of cash as contribution to equity. The transaction may be a sale of capital stock or a contribution to paid-in capital.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(28))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(30))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 310<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477802/946-310-45-1<br><br>Reference 5: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481142/505-10-45-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockholdersEquityNoteSubscriptionsReceivable</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_WarrantExercisePriceDecrease">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Per share decrease in exercise price of warrant. Excludes change due to standard antidilution provision.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-3<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_WarrantExercisePriceDecrease</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_WarrantExercisePriceIncrease">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Per share increase in exercise price of warrant. Excludes change due to standard antidilution provision.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-3<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_WarrantExercisePriceIncrease</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightAxis=us-gaap_WarrantMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightAxis=us-gaap_WarrantMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightAxis=abvc_PreFundedWarrantsMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightAxis=abvc_PreFundedWarrantsMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightAxis=abvc_NewWarrantsMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightAxis=abvc_NewWarrantsMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightAxis=abvc_ExistingWarrantsMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightAxis=abvc_ExistingWarrantsMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_TitleOfIndividualAxis=abvc_ConsultantMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_TitleOfIndividualAxis=abvc_ConsultantMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis=abvc_ChiefStrategicOfficerMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis=abvc_ChiefStrategicOfficerMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis=us-gaap_ReceivablesFromStockholderMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis=us-gaap_ReceivablesFromStockholderMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis=us-gaap_CommonStockMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis=us-gaap_CommonStockMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_TypeOfArrangementAxis=abvc_ThirdLetterAgreementMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_TypeOfArrangementAxis=abvc_ThirdLetterAgreementMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeAxis=us-gaap_SubsequentEventMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeAxis=us-gaap_SubsequentEventMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis=abvc_PreExistingWarrantsMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis=abvc_PreExistingWarrantsMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis=abvc_LindOfferingsMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis=abvc_LindOfferingsMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_OwnershipAxis=abvc_AiBtlHoldingMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_OwnershipAxis=abvc_AiBtlHoldingMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_OwnershipAxis=abvc_BioLiteTaiwanMember</td>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_OwnershipAxis=abvc_ShulingJiangMember</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DebtInstrumentAxis=abvc_LindGlobalFundIILPLindMember</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DebtInstrumentAxis=abvc_ThirdLINDNoteMember</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DebtInstrumentAxis=abvc_LindMember</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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<tr>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_ProductOrServiceAxis=us-gaap_LandMember</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis=abvc_TwoThousandSixteenEquityIncentivePlanMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PlanNameAxis=abvc_TwoThousandSixteenEquityIncentivePlanMember</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_TitleOfIndividualAxis=srt_DirectorMember</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTypeAxis=us-gaap_ConvertibleNotesPayableMember</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=abvc_EuroAsiaInvestmentFinanceCorpLtdMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=abvc_EuroAsiaInvestmentFinanceCorpLtdMember</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=abvc_ZhonghuiMember</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=abvc_ABVCMember</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=abvc_BioLiteBVIIncMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=abvc_BioLiteBVIIncMember</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=abvc_LindGlobalFundIILPLindMember</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=abvc_LindNoteMember</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=abvc_LindMember</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonStockMember</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_RangeAxis=srt_MaximumMember</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_RangeAxis=srt_MinimumMember</td>
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</html>
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</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>195
<FILENAME>R72.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Equity - Schedule of Warrants Issued and Outstanding (Details) - USD ($)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_WarrantsAndRightsNoteDisclosureAbstract', window );"><strong>Schedule of Warrants Issued and Outstanding [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsIssued', window );">Number of Underlying Shares, Issued (in Shares)</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsIssuedWeightedAverageExercisePrice', window );">Weighted- Average Exercise Price Per Share, Issued</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.7<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsIssuedWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm', window );">Weighted- Average Contractual Life Remaining in Years, Issued</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">4 years 2 months 19 days<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsIssuedIntrinsicValue', window );">Aggregate Intrinsic Value, Issued (in Dollars)</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 190,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsExercised', window );">Number of Underlying Shares, Exercised (in Shares)</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(1,500,000)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsExercisedWeightedAverageExercisePrice', window );">Weighted- Average Exercise Price Per Share, Exercised</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsExercisedWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm', window );">Weighted- Average Contractual Life Remaining in Years, Exercised</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsExercisedIntrinsicValue', window );">Aggregate Intrinsic Value, Exercised (in Dollars)</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsOutstandingNumber', window );">Number of Underlying Shares, Outstanding ending (in Shares)</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,529,167<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,029,167<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice', window );">Weighted- Average Exercise Price Per Share, Outstanding ending</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.4<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.7<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerms', window );">Weighted- Average Contractual Life Remaining in Years, Outstanding ending</a></td>
<td class="text">3 years 1 month 24 days<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">4 years 2 months 12 days<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsAggregateIntrinsicValueOutstanding', window );">Aggregate Intrinsic Value, Outstanding ending (in Dollars)</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 5,542<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 195,542<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="4"></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4"><table class="outerFootnotes" width="100%"><tr class="outerFootnote">
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 12pt;" valign="top">[1]</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;" valign="top"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">On January 5, 2025, the Company and Lind entered into a third letter agreement (the &#8220;December Letter Agreement&#8221;), pursuant to which Lind agreed to exercise for cash, 1,029,167 of the Existing Warrants to purchase shares of Common Stock, with a current exercise price of $0.75 per share, at a reduced exercise price of $0.40 per share. The weighted average exercise price per share as of December 31, 2024 was adjusted to the reduction accordingly.</span></td>
</tr></table></td></tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_abvc_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsExercisedIntrinsicValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Share based compensation arrangement by share based payment award non option equity instrument exercise intrinsic value.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">abvc_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsExercisedIntrinsicValue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>abvc_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_abvc_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsExercisedWeightedAverageExercisePrice">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Share based compensation arrangement by share based payment award non option equity instrument exercise weighted average exercise price.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">abvc_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsExercisedWeightedAverageExercisePrice</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>abvc_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_abvc_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsExercisedWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Share based compensation arrangement by share based payment award non option equity instrument   exercise weighted remaining contractual term.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">abvc_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsExercisedWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>abvc_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:durationItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_abvc_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsIssued">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award Non Option Equity Instruments Issued.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">abvc_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsIssued</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>abvc_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_abvc_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsIssuedIntrinsicValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Share based compensation arrangement by share based payment award non option equity instrument  issued intrinsic value.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">abvc_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsIssuedIntrinsicValue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>abvc_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_abvc_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsIssuedWeightedAverageExercisePrice">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Share based compensation arrangement by share based payment award non option equity instrument issued weighted average exercise price.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">abvc_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsIssuedWeightedAverageExercisePrice</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>abvc_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_abvc_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsIssuedWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Share based compensation arrangement by share based payment award non option equity instrument  issued weighted remaining contractual term.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">abvc_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsIssuedWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>abvc_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:durationItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_abvc_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">abvc_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>abvc_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerms">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Weighted average remaining contractual term for equity-based awards excluding options, in 'PnYnMnDTnHnMnS' format, for example, 'P1Y5M13D' represents the reported fact of one year, five months, and thirteen days.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Subparagraph (e)(1)<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Section 50<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerms</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:durationItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsExercised">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of non-option equity instruments exercised by participants.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)(iv)(02)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 718<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsExercised</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsOutstandingNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of equity instruments other than options outstanding, including both vested and non-vested instruments.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)(ii)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)(i)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsOutstandingNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Intrinsic value of outstanding award under share-based payment arrangement. Excludes share and unit options.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph 4<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsAggregateIntrinsicValueOutstanding</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<td>debit</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_WarrantsAndRightsNoteDisclosureAbstract</td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Stock Options (Details) - $ / shares<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">3 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">12 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Mar. 31, 2025</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2022</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Mar. 31, 2024</div></th>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross', window );">Stock option grant</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice', window );">Exercise price per share (in Dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAvailableForGrant', window );">Granted options to purchase</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsNonvestedNumberOfShares', window );">Unvested options</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis=abvc_TwoThousandSixteenEquityIncentivePlanMember', window );">2016 Equity Incentive Plan [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems', window );"><strong>Stock Options [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAvailableForGrant', window );">Granted options to purchase</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">386,021<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis=us-gaap_CommonStockMember', window );">Common Stock [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems', window );"><strong>Stock Options [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross', window );">Stock option grant</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">76,190<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice', window );">Exercise price per share (in Dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 27.9<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<div style="display: none;">
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (f)(2)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (f)(2)(v)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (f)(2)(i)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 4: 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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAvailableForGrant">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The difference between the maximum number of shares (or other type of equity) authorized for issuance under the plan (including the effects of amendments and adjustments), and the sum of: 1) the number of shares (or other type of equity) already issued upon exercise of options or other equity-based awards under the plan; and 2) shares (or other type of equity) reserved for issuance on granting of outstanding awards, net of cancellations and forfeitures, if applicable.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAvailableForGrant</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Gross number of share options (or share units) granted during the period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)(iv)(01)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Weighted average per share amount at which grantees can acquire shares of common stock by exercise of options.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)(iv)(01)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsNonvestedNumberOfShares">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of non-vested options outstanding.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-4<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsNonvestedNumberOfShares</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis=abvc_TwoThousandSixteenEquityIncentivePlanMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PlanNameAxis=abvc_TwoThousandSixteenEquityIncentivePlanMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis=us-gaap_CommonStockMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis=us-gaap_CommonStockMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
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</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>197
<FILENAME>R74.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Stock Options - Schedule of Options Issued and Outstanding (Details) - USD ($)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">3 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 01, 2025</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 01, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Mar. 31, 2025</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharebasedCompensationAbstract', window );"><strong>Schedule of Options Issued and Outstanding [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber', window );">Number of Underlying Shares, Outstanding ending</a></td>
<td class="nump">258,710<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">258,710<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">258,710<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">258,710<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice', window );">Weighted-Average Exercise Price Per Share, Outstanding Ending</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 27.9<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 27.9<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 27.9<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 27.9<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2', window );">Weighted-Average Contractual Life Remaining in Years, Outstanding Ending</a></td>
<td class="text">6 years 8 months 26 days<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">7 years 8 months 26 days<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">6 years 6 months<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">7 years 8 months 26 days<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingIntrinsicValue', window );">Aggregate Intrinsic Value, Outstanding Ending</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableNumber', window );">Number of Underlying Shares, Exercisable</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">258,710<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">258,710<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageExercisePrice', window );">Weighted-Average Exercise Price Per Share, Exercisable</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 27.9<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 27.9<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm1', window );">Weighted-Average Contractual Life Remaining in Years, Exercisable</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">6 years 6 months<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">7 years 8 months 26 days<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableIntrinsicValue1', window );">Aggregate Intrinsic Value, Exercisable</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedAndExpectedToVestOutstandingNumber', window );">Number of Underlying Shares, Vested and expected to vest</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">258,710<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">258,710<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedAndExpectedToVestOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice', window );">Weighted-Average Exercise Price Per Share, Vested and expected to vest</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 27.9<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 27.9<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedAndExpectedToVestOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm1', window );">Weighted-Average Contractual Life Remaining in Years, Vested and expected to vest</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">6 years 6 months<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">6 years 8 months 26 days<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedAndExpectedToVestExercisableAggregateIntrinsicValue', window );">Aggregate Intrinsic Value, Vested and expected to vest</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross', window );">Number of Underlying Shares, Granted</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice', window );">Weighted-Average Exercise Price Per Share, Granted</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm', window );">Weighted-Average Contractual Life Remaining in Years, Granted</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantedIntrinsicValue', window );">Aggregate Intrinsic Value, Granted</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresInPeriod', window );">Number of Underlying Shares, Forfeited</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice', window );">Weighted-Average Exercise Price Per Share, Forfeited</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeitedWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm', window );">Weighted-Average Contractual Life Remaining in Years, Forfeited</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeitedIntrinsicValue', window );">Aggregate Intrinsic Value, Forfeited</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_abvc_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeitedIntrinsicValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Aggregate Intrinsic Value, Forfeited.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">abvc_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeitedIntrinsicValue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>abvc_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_abvc_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantedIntrinsicValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Aggregate Intrinsic Value, Granted.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">abvc_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantedIntrinsicValue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>abvc_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_abvc_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeitedWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Weighted average contractual life remaining in years, forfeited.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">abvc_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeitedWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>abvc_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:durationItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_abvc_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The value of estimated use full lifes.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">abvc_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>abvc_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:durationItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The number of shares into which fully or partially vested stock options outstanding as of the balance sheet date can be currently converted under the option plan.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)(iii)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageExercisePrice">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The weighted-average price as of the balance sheet date at which grantees can acquire the shares reserved for issuance on vested portions of options outstanding and currently exercisable under the stock option plan.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)(iii)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageExercisePrice</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresInPeriod">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The number of shares under options that were cancelled during the reporting period as a result of occurrence of a terminating event specified in contractual agreements pertaining to the stock option plan.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)(iv)(03)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresInPeriod</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Gross number of share options (or share units) granted during the period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)(iv)(01)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingIntrinsicValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount by which the current fair value of the underlying stock exceeds the exercise price of options outstanding.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingIntrinsicValue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of options outstanding, including both vested and non-vested options.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)(i)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)(ii)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Weighted average price at which grantees can acquire the shares reserved for issuance under the stock option plan.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)(i)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)(ii)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedAndExpectedToVestExercisableAggregateIntrinsicValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount by which current fair value of underlying stock exceeds exercise price of fully vested and expected to vest exercisable or convertible options. Includes, but is not limited to, unvested options for which requisite service period has not been rendered but that are expected to vest based on achievement of performance condition, if forfeitures are recognized when they occur.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (e)(2)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedAndExpectedToVestExercisableAggregateIntrinsicValue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedAndExpectedToVestOutstandingNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of fully vested and expected to vest options outstanding that can be converted into shares under option plan. Includes, but is not limited to, unvested options for which requisite service period has not been rendered but that are expected to vest based on achievement of performance condition, if forfeitures are recognized when they occur.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (e)(1)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedAndExpectedToVestOutstandingNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedAndExpectedToVestOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Weighted-average exercise price, at which grantee can acquire shares reserved for issuance, for fully vested and expected to vest options outstanding. Includes, but is not limited to, unvested options for which requisite service period has not been rendered but that are expected to vest based on achievement of performance condition, if forfeitures are recognized when they occur.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (e)(1)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedAndExpectedToVestOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Weighted average price at which grantees could have acquired the underlying shares with respect to stock options that were terminated.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)(iv)(03)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Weighted average per share amount at which grantees can acquire shares of common stock by exercise of options.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)(iv)(01)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableIntrinsicValue1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of difference between fair value of the underlying shares reserved for issuance and exercise price of vested portions of options outstanding and currently exercisable.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableIntrinsicValue1</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Weighted average remaining contractual term for vested portions of options outstanding and currently exercisable or convertible, in 'PnYnMnDTnHnMnS' format, for example, 'P1Y5M13D' represents the reported fact of one year, five months, and thirteen days.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm1</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Weighted average remaining contractual term for option awards outstanding, in 'PnYnMnDTnHnMnS' format, for example, 'P1Y5M13D' represents the reported fact of one year, five months, and thirteen days.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Subparagraph (e)(1)<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Section 50<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedAndExpectedToVestOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Weighted average remaining contractual term for fully vested and expected to vest options outstanding, in 'PnYnMnDTnHnMnS' format, for example, 'P1Y5M13D' represents reported fact of one year, five months, and thirteen days. Includes, but is not limited to, unvested options for which requisite service period has not been rendered but that are expected to vest based on achievement of performance condition, if forfeitures are recognized when they occur.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (e)(1)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedAndExpectedToVestOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm1</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td>na</td>
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<td>duration</td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<head>
<title></title>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Loss Per Share - Schedule of Loss Per Share (Details) - USD ($)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">3 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="4">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Mar. 31, 2025</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Mar. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAvailableToCommonStockholdersBasicAbstract', window );"><strong>Numerator:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss', window );">Net loss attributable to ABVC&#8217;s common stockholders</a></td>
<td class="num">$ (842,075)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (2,834,199)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (4,902,878)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="num">$ (7,788,050)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingAbstract', window );"><strong>Denominator:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic', window );">Weighted-average shares outstanding &#8211; Basic</a></td>
<td class="nump">14,968,232<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">9,736,150<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">11,673,980<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="nump">4,335,650<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding', window );">Weighted-average shares outstanding &#8211; Diluted</a></td>
<td class="nump">14,968,232<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">9,736,150<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">11,673,980<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="nump">4,335,650<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareAbstract', window );"><strong>Loss per share</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
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<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasic', window );">Basic</a></td>
<td class="num">$ (0.06)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (0.29)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (0.42)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="num">$ (1.8)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareDiluted', window );">Diluted</a></td>
<td class="num">$ (0.06)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (0.29)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (0.42)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="num">$ (1.8)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
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<tr><td colspan="7"></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="7"><table class="outerFootnotes" width="100%"><tr class="outerFootnote">
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 12pt;" valign="top">[1]</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;" valign="top"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Prior period results have been adjusted to reflect the 1-for-10 reverse stock split effected on July 25, 2023.</span></td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The amount of net income (loss) for the period per each share of common stock or unit outstanding during the reporting period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482662/260-10-50-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (c)(2)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483443/250-10-50-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483443/250-10-50-1<br><br>Reference 4: 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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasic</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareDiluted">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The amount of net income (loss) for the period available to each share of common stock or common unit outstanding during the reporting period and to each share or unit that would have been outstanding assuming the issuance of common shares or units for all dilutive potential common shares or units outstanding during the reporting period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482662/260-10-50-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (c)(2)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483443/250-10-50-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483443/250-10-50-1<br><br>Reference 4: 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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EarningsPerShareDiluted</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The portion of profit or loss for the period, net of income taxes, which is attributable to the parent.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of [basic] shares or units, after adjustment for contingently issuable shares or units and other shares or units not deemed outstanding, determined by relating the portion of time within a reporting period that common shares or units have been outstanding to the total time in that period.</p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Lease - Schedule of Operating Leases have Remaining Lease Terms (Details) - USD ($)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Mar. 31, 2025</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="nump">$ 533,460<span></span>
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</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesAbstract', window );"><strong>LIABILITIES</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent', window );">Operating lease liabilities (current)</a></td>
<td class="nump">366,475<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">403,581<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">401,826<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent', window );">Operating lease liabilities (non-current)</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 166,985<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 236,807<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 407,457<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AssetsAbstract</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LiabilitiesAbstract</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Present value of lessee's discounted obligation for lease payments from operating lease, classified as current.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479041/842-20-45-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent</td>
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<tr>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Present value of lessee's discounted obligation for lease payments from operating lease, classified as noncurrent.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479041/842-20-45-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of lessee's right to use underlying asset under operating lease.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479041/842-20-45-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Lease - Schedule of Company&#8217;s Lease Expenses (Details) - USD ($)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">3 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Mar. 31, 2025</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Mar. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_LeaseScheduleofCompanysLeaseExpensesDetailsLineItems', window );"><strong>Schedule of Company&#8217;s Lease Expenses [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseExpense', window );">Operating lease expenses</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 117,166<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 98,502<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 514,420<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 358,576<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_WeightedAverageRemainingLeaseTermAbstract', window );"><strong>Weighted Average Remaining Lease Term:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageRemainingLeaseTerm1', window );">Operating leases</a></td>
<td class="text">2 years 5 months 4 days<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">2 years 5 months 23 days<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">1 year 8 months 23 days<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_WeightedAverageDiscountRateAbstract', window );"><strong>Weighted Average Discount Rate:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageDiscountRatePercent', window );">Operating leases</a></td>
<td class="nump">1.32%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1.19%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1.50%<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis=abvc_CashPaidMember', window );">Cash Paid [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_LeaseScheduleofCompanysLeaseExpensesDetailsLineItems', window );"><strong>Schedule of Company&#8217;s Lease Expenses [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLeaseIncomeLeasePayments', window );">Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of operating lease liabilities</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 484,181<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 358,576<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">abvc_LeaseScheduleofCompanysLeaseExpensesDetailsLineItems</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_abvc_WeightedAverageDiscountRateAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">abvc_WeightedAverageDiscountRateAbstract</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">abvc_WeightedAverageRemainingLeaseTermAbstract</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseExpense">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of operating lease expense. Excludes sublease income.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479041/842-20-45-4<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingLeaseExpense</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLeaseIncomeLeasePayments">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of operating lease income from lease payments paid and payable to lessor. Excludes variable lease payments not included in measurement of lease receivable.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 270<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6A<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482964/270-10-50-6A<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 5<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479773/842-30-50-5<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLeaseIncomeLeasePayments</td>
</tr>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageDiscountRatePercent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Weighted average discount rate for operating lease calculated at point in time.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 53<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479589/842-20-55-53<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Subparagraph (g)(4)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478964/842-20-50-4<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageDiscountRatePercent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageRemainingLeaseTerm1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Weighted average remaining lease term for operating lease, in 'PnYnMnDTnHnMnS' format, for example, 'P1Y5M13D' represents reported fact of one year, five months, and thirteen days.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 53<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479589/842-20-55-53<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Subparagraph (g)(3)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478964/842-20-50-4<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageRemainingLeaseTerm1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:durationItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis=abvc_CashPaidMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis=abvc_CashPaidMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Lease - Schedule of Minimum Future Annual Payments Under Non-Cancellable Leases (Details) - USD ($)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Mar. 31, 2025</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueAbstract', window );"><strong>Operating Leases, Future Minimum Payments Due, Fiscal Year Maturity [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueNextTwelveMonths', window );">2025</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 104,849<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 409,587<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearTwo', window );">2026</a></td>
<td class="nump">46,699<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">104,236<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearThree', window );">2027</a></td>
<td class="nump">46,699<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">47,320<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearFour', window );">2028</a></td>
<td class="nump">46,699<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">47,320<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearFive', window );">2029</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">47,320<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueAfterYearFive', window );">Thereafter</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue', window );">Total future minimum lease payments, undiscounted</a></td>
<td class="nump">547,017<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">655,782<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityUndiscountedExcessAmount', window );">Less: Imputed interest</a></td>
<td class="num">(13,557)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(15,395)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiability', window );">Present value of future minimum lease payments</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 533,460<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 640,387<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of lessee's undiscounted obligation for lease payment for operating lease.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 235<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477314/942-235-S99-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480738/235-10-S50-4<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.12-04(a))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-3<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478964/842-20-50-6<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueAfterYearFive">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of lessee's undiscounted obligation for lease payment for operating lease due after fifth fiscal year following current fiscal year. Excludes interim and annual periods when interim periods are reported from current statement of financial position date (rolling approach).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 235<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477314/942-235-S99-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480738/235-10-S50-4<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.12-04(a))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-3<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478964/842-20-50-6<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueAfterYearFive</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueNextTwelveMonths">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of lessee's undiscounted obligation for lease payment for operating lease to be paid in next fiscal year following current fiscal year. Excludes interim and annual periods when interim periods are reported from current statement of financial position date (rolling approach).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 235<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477314/942-235-S99-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480738/235-10-S50-4<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.12-04(a))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-3<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478964/842-20-50-6<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueNextTwelveMonths</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearFive">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of lessee's undiscounted obligation for lease payment for operating lease to be paid in fifth fiscal year following current fiscal year. Excludes interim and annual periods when interim periods are reported from current statement of financial position date (rolling approach).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 235<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477314/942-235-S99-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480738/235-10-S50-4<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.12-04(a))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-3<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478964/842-20-50-6<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearFive</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearFour">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of lessee's undiscounted obligation for lease payment for operating lease to be paid in fourth fiscal year following current fiscal year. Excludes interim and annual periods when interim periods are reported from current statement of financial position date (rolling approach).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 235<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477314/942-235-S99-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480738/235-10-S50-4<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.12-04(a))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-3<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478964/842-20-50-6<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearFour</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearThree">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of lessee's undiscounted obligation for lease payment for operating lease to be paid in third fiscal year following current fiscal year. Excludes interim and annual periods when interim periods are reported from current statement of financial position date (rolling approach).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 235<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477314/942-235-S99-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480738/235-10-S50-4<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.12-04(a))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-3<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478964/842-20-50-6<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearThree</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearTwo">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of lessee's undiscounted obligation for lease payment for operating lease to be paid in second fiscal year following current fiscal year. Excludes interim and annual periods when interim periods are reported from current statement of financial position date (rolling approach).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 235<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477314/942-235-S99-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480738/235-10-S50-4<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.12-04(a))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-3<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478964/842-20-50-6<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearTwo</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityUndiscountedExcessAmount">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of lessee's undiscounted obligation for lease payments in excess of discounted obligation for lease payments for operating lease.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478964/842-20-50-6<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityUndiscountedExcessAmount</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiability">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Present value of lessee's discounted obligation for lease payments from operating lease.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479041/842-20-45-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiability</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Acquisition (Details) - USD ($)<br> shares in Millions</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">3 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Nov. 12, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Mar. 31, 2025</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AssetAcquisitionAbstract', window );"><strong>Acquisition [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_SharesReceived', window );">Shares received (in Shares)</a></td>
<td class="nump">23<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_BenefitsReceivableForMilestoneAttained', window );">Eligible to receive amount</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 3,500,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 3,500,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 3,500,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_royaltiesPercentage', window );">Royalty percentage</a></td>
<td class="nump">5.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_AcquisitionForNetSales', window );">Net sales on acquisition</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 100,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 100,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 100,000,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_abvc_AcquisitionForNetSales">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The amount of acquisition for net sales.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">abvc_AcquisitionForNetSales</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>abvc_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_abvc_BenefitsReceivableForMilestoneAttained">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount receivable for certain milestone are met  and eligible to receive.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">abvc_BenefitsReceivableForMilestoneAttained</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>abvc_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_abvc_SharesReceived">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Shares received.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">abvc_SharesReceived</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>abvc_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_abvc_royaltiesPercentage">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>royalties percentage.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">abvc_royaltiesPercentage</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AssetAcquisitionAbstract</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Acquisition - Schedule of Acquisition was Accounted for Business Combination (Details)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 15, 2023 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedAssetsAbstract', window );"><strong>Schedule of Acquisition was Accounted for Business Combination [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCashAndEquivalents', window );">Cash and cash equivalents</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedAssets', window );">Total assets acquired</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedAccruedExpenseAndOtherCurrentLiabilities', window );">Accrued expense</a></td>
<td class="num">(243,888)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCurrentLiabilitiesLongTermDebt', window );">Due to Director</a></td>
<td class="num">(498)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedNet', window );">Total liabilities acquired</a></td>
<td class="num">(243,386)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredGoodwillAndLiabilitiesAssumedNet', window );">Total consideration (Intangible assets)</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_abvc_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedAccruedExpenseAndOtherCurrentLiabilities">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Accrued expense.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">abvc_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedAccruedExpenseAndOtherCurrentLiabilities</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>abvc_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedAssets">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of asset acquired in business combination and recognized at acquisition date.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 805<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479907/805-20-50-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 805<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479907/805-20-50-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedAssets</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedAssetsAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedAssetsAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCashAndEquivalents">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash and cash equivalent acquired in business combination and recognized at acquisition date.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 805<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479907/805-20-50-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 805<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479907/805-20-50-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCashAndEquivalents</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCurrentLiabilitiesLongTermDebt">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of long-term debt assumed in business combination and recognized at acquisition date, classified as current.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 805<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479907/805-20-50-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 805<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479907/805-20-50-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCurrentLiabilitiesLongTermDebt</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedNet">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of asset acquired in excess of (less than) liability assumed in business combination and recognized at acquisition date. Excludes goodwill.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 805<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479328/805-10-50-8<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 805<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 41<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479303/805-10-55-41<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 805<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479907/805-20-50-2<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 805<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479907/805-20-50-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedNet</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredGoodwillAndLiabilitiesAssumedNet">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of asset acquired in excess of (less than) liability assumed plus goodwill in business combination and recognized at acquisition date.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 805<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479907/805-20-50-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 805<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479907/805-20-50-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredGoodwillAndLiabilitiesAssumedNet</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
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<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Subsequent Events (Details) - USD ($)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">1 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">3 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
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<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2025</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 05, 2025</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>May 22, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Feb. 23, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2025</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Mar. 31, 2025</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Feb. 06, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 17, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Aug. 14, 2023</div></th>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SubsequentEventLineItems', window );"><strong>Subsequent Events [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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</tr>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfSecuritiesCalledByWarrantsOrRights', window );">Warrants to purchase</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightExercisePriceOfWarrantsOrRights1', window );">Warrant exercise price current</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 2<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_WarrantExercisePriceDecrease', window );">Warrant exercise price decrease</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.75<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 10.5<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues', window );">Number of shares issued</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">399,384<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharesIssuedPricePerShare', window );">Price per share</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1.87<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1.87<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 20<span></span>
</td>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=abvc_AiBtlHoldingMember', window );">AiBtl Holding [Member] | Forecast [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SubsequentEventLineItems', window );"><strong>Subsequent Events [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues', window );">Number of shares issued</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,800<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharesIssuedPricePerShare', window );">Price per share</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 5<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 5<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromContributedCapital', window );">Capital raised</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 9,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeAxis=us-gaap_SubsequentEventMember', window );">Subsequent Event [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SubsequentEventLineItems', window );"><strong>Subsequent Events [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfSecuritiesCalledByWarrantsOrRights', window );">Warrants to purchase</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,029,167<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtConversionOriginalDebtAmount1', window );">Principal amount of converted debt</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 600,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeAxis=us-gaap_SubsequentEventMember', window );">Subsequent Event [Member] | 2nd Lind Note [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SubsequentEventLineItems', window );"><strong>Subsequent Events [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtConversionOriginalDebtAmount1', window );">Principal amount of converted debt</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 400,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtConversionConvertedInstrumentSharesIssued1', window );">Conversion of debt</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">400,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeAxis=us-gaap_SubsequentEventMember', window );">Subsequent Event [Member] | Third LIND Note [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SubsequentEventLineItems', window );"><strong>Subsequent Events [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtConversionOriginalDebtAmount1', window );">Principal amount of converted debt</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 400,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtConversionConvertedInstrumentSharesIssued1', window );">Conversion of debt</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">400,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeAxis=us-gaap_SubsequentEventMember', window );">Subsequent Event [Member] | December Letter Agreement [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SubsequentEventLineItems', window );"><strong>Subsequent Events [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfSecuritiesCalledByWarrantsOrRights', window );">Warrants to purchase</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,029,167<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightExercisePriceOfWarrantsOrRights1', window );">Warrant exercise price current</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.75<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_WarrantExercisePriceDecrease', window );">Warrant exercise price decrease</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0.4<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeAxis=us-gaap_SubsequentEventMember', window );">Subsequent Event [Member] | AiBtl Holding [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SubsequentEventLineItems', window );"><strong>Subsequent Events [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues', window );">Number of shares issued</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,800<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_UnregisteredPricePerShares', window );">Unregistered price per shares</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 5<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 5<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromContributedCapital', window );">Capital raised</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 9,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonStockMember', window );">Common Stock [Member] | Subsequent Event [Member] | Advisors One [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SubsequentEventLineItems', window );"><strong>Subsequent Events [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues', window );">Number of shares issued</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">50,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_UnregisteredPricePerShares', window );">Unregistered price per shares</a></td>
<td class="nump">1.05<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1.05<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromContributedCapital', window );">Capital raised</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 52,500<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonStockMember', window );">Common Stock [Member] | Subsequent Event [Member] | Advisors Two [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SubsequentEventLineItems', window );"><strong>Subsequent Events [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues', window );">Number of shares issued</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">90,277<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_UnregisteredPricePerShares', window );">Unregistered price per shares</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 1.05<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1.05<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromContributedCapital', window );">Capital raised</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 94,791<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_RangeAxis=srt_MinimumMember', window );">Minimum [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SubsequentEventLineItems', window );"><strong>Subsequent Events [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharesIssuedPricePerShare', window );">Price per share</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1.87<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1.87<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_RangeAxis=srt_MinimumMember', window );">Minimum [Member] | Subsequent Event [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SubsequentEventLineItems', window );"><strong>Subsequent Events [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightExercisePriceOfWarrantsOrRights1', window );">Warrant exercise price current</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0.4<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_RangeAxis=srt_MaximumMember', window );">Maximum [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SubsequentEventLineItems', window );"><strong>Subsequent Events [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharesIssuedPricePerShare', window );">Price per share</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 20<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 20<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_RangeAxis=srt_MaximumMember', window );">Maximum [Member] | Subsequent Event [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SubsequentEventLineItems', window );"><strong>Subsequent Events [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightExercisePriceOfWarrantsOrRights1', window );">Warrant exercise price current</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.75<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis=us-gaap_PrivatePlacementMember', window );">Private Offering [Member] | Forecast [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SubsequentEventLineItems', window );"><strong>Subsequent Events [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues', window );">Number of shares issued</a></td>
<td class="nump">502,081<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_UnregisteredPricePerShares', window );">Unregistered price per shares</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.6<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.6<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfPrivatePlacement', window );">Capital raised by private offering</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 301,250<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis=abvc_UnregisteredSharesMember', window );">Unregistered Shares [Member] | Subsequent Event [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SubsequentEventLineItems', window );"><strong>Subsequent Events [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues', window );">Number of shares issued</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">724,372<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfPrivatePlacement', window );">Capital raised by private offering</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 436,125<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis=abvc_UnregisteredSharesMember', window );">Unregistered Shares [Member] | Minimum [Member] | Subsequent Event [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SubsequentEventLineItems', window );"><strong>Subsequent Events [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_UnregisteredPricePerShares', window );">Unregistered price per shares</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.6<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.6<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis=abvc_UnregisteredSharesMember', window );">Unregistered Shares [Member] | Maximum [Member] | Subsequent Event [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SubsequentEventLineItems', window );"><strong>Subsequent Events [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_UnregisteredPricePerShares', window );">Unregistered price per shares</a></td>
<td class="nump">0.65<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.65<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis=abvc_UnregisteredRestrictedSharesMember', window );">Unregistered Restricted Shares [Member] | Subsequent Event [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SubsequentEventLineItems', window );"><strong>Subsequent Events [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues', window );">Number of shares issued</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">9,909<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_UnregisteredPricePerShares', window );">Unregistered price per shares</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.99<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.99<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromContributedCapital', window );">Capital raised</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 9,800<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_abvc_UnregisteredPricePerShares">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Unregistered price per shares.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">abvc_UnregisteredPricePerShares</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>abvc_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightExercisePriceOfWarrantsOrRights1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Exercise price per share or per unit of warrants or rights outstanding.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480738/235-10-S50-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(h)(4))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-3<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightExercisePriceOfWarrantsOrRights1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfSecuritiesCalledByWarrantsOrRights">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of securities into which the class of warrant or right may be converted. For example, but not limited to, 500,000 warrants may be converted into 1,000,000 shares.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-3<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfSecuritiesCalledByWarrantsOrRights</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DebtConversionConvertedInstrumentSharesIssued1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The number of shares issued in exchange for the original debt being converted in a noncash (or part noncash) transaction. "Part noncash" refers to that portion of the transaction not resulting in cash receipts or payments in the period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482913/230-10-50-3<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 5<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482913/230-10-50-5<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DebtConversionConvertedInstrumentSharesIssued1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DebtConversionOriginalDebtAmount1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The amount of the original debt being converted in a noncash (or part noncash) transaction. "Part noncash" refers to that portion of the transaction not resulting in cash receipts or cash payments in the period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482913/230-10-50-3<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 5<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482913/230-10-50-5<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DebtConversionOriginalDebtAmount1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromContributedCapital">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The cash inflow associated with the amount received by a corporation from a shareholder during the period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 14<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 230<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-14<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ProceedsFromContributedCapital</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfPrivatePlacement">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The cash inflow associated with the amount received from entity's raising of capital via private rather than public placement.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 14<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 230<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-14<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfPrivatePlacement</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_SharesIssuedPricePerShare">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Per share or per unit amount of equity securities issued.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SharesIssuedPricePerShare</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of new stock issued during the period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 505<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(28))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 505<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478448/946-505-50-2<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-09(4)(b))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479134/946-220-S99-3<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-03(i)(1))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479886/946-10-S99-3<br><br>Reference 7: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480008/505-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_SubsequentEventLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Detail information of subsequent event by type. User is expected to use existing line items from elsewhere in the taxonomy as the primary line items for this disclosure, which is further associated with dimension and member elements pertaining to a subsequent event.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 830<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481674/830-30-50-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 855<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483399/855-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SubsequentEventLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_WarrantExercisePriceDecrease">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Per share decrease in exercise price of warrant. Excludes change due to standard antidilution provision.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-3<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_WarrantExercisePriceDecrease</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=abvc_AiBtlHoldingMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=abvc_AiBtlHoldingMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_StatementScenarioAxis=srt_ScenarioForecastMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_StatementScenarioAxis=srt_ScenarioForecastMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeAxis=us-gaap_SubsequentEventMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeAxis=us-gaap_SubsequentEventMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentAxis=abvc_SecondLindNoteMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DebtInstrumentAxis=abvc_SecondLindNoteMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentAxis=abvc_ThirdLINDNoteMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DebtInstrumentAxis=abvc_ThirdLINDNoteMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_TypeOfArrangementAxis=abvc_DecemberLetterAgreementMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_TypeOfArrangementAxis=abvc_DecemberLetterAgreementMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonStockMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonStockMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_TitleOfIndividualAxis=abvc_AdvisorsOneMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_TitleOfIndividualAxis=abvc_AdvisorsOneMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_TitleOfIndividualAxis=abvc_AdvisorsTwoMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_TitleOfIndividualAxis=abvc_AdvisorsTwoMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_RangeAxis=srt_MinimumMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_RangeAxis=srt_MinimumMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_RangeAxis=srt_MaximumMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_RangeAxis=srt_MaximumMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis=us-gaap_PrivatePlacementMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis=us-gaap_PrivatePlacementMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis=abvc_UnregisteredSharesMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis=abvc_UnregisteredSharesMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis=abvc_UnregisteredRestrictedSharesMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis=abvc_UnregisteredRestrictedSharesMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>205
<FILENAME>R82.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="report.css">
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="2" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Liquidity, Going Concern, and Restatement - Schedule of Impact of the Restatement (Details) - USD ($)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">3 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Mar. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_RestatementAxis=srt_ScenarioPreviouslyReportedMember', window );">As Reported [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_CondensedFinancialStatementsCaptionsLineItems', window );"><strong>Schedule of Impact of the Restatement [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent', window );">Prepaid expense and other current asset</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">$ 159,602<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ConstructionInProgressGross', window );">Property and equipment, net</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">7,949,150<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 7,969,278<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsNoncurrent', window );">Prepayment for asset acquisition</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Assets', window );">Total Assets</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">14,460,402<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">14,492,599<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccountsPayableAndOtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent', window );">Accrued expenses and other current liabilities</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">4,050,845<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,696,380<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ConvertibleNotesPayable', window );">Convertible notes payable &#8211; third parties, net</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">842,567<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">569,456<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent', window );">Current Liabilities</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">6,633,614<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">5,932,490<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Liabilities', window );">Total Liabilities</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">6,973,447<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">6,361,627<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalCommonStock', window );">Additional paid-in capital</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">86,029,237<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">82,636,966<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquity', window );">Total stockholders&#8217; equity</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">7,792,076<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">8,388,050<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_MinorityInterest', window );">Noncontrolling interest</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="num">(305,121)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(257,078)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest', window );">Total Equity</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">7,486,955<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">8,130,972<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity', window );">Total Liabilities and Equity</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">14,460,402<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">14,492,599<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense', window );">Selling, general and administrative expenses</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">831,257<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation', window );">Stock based compensation</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">2,544,995<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,635,708<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InterestExpense', window );">Interest expenses</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="num">(684,683)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(2,493,340)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest', window );">Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="num">(48,043)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (394,632)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest', window );">Net loss</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="num">$ (3,981,019)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasic', window );">Basic and diluted net loss per common share (in Dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="num">$ (0.4)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (2.43)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareDiluted', window );">Diluted net loss per common share (in Dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="num">$ (0.4)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (2.43)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAvailableToCommonStockholdersBasic', window );">Net loss</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="num">$ (3,981,019)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherNoncashIncomeExpense', window );">Other non-cash income and expenses</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">672,016<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 2,413,746<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccruedLiabilitiesAndOtherOperatingLiabilities', window );">Accrued expenses and other current liabilities</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">354,465<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">786,793<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInDueToRelatedParties', window );">Due to related parties</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">128,840<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(186,860)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities', window );">Net cash used in operating activities</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="num">(602,001)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RepaymentsOfRelatedPartyDebt', window );">Due to related parties</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities', window );">Net cash provided by financing activities</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">805,006<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_EffectOfExchangeRateChangeOnCashAndCashEquivalentsAndRestrictedCash', window );">Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="num">(260,783)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,125<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_IssuanceOfCommonStockForConversionOfDebt', window );">Issuance of common stock for conversion of debt</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">681,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,306,112<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_RestatementAxis=srt_ScenarioPreviouslyReportedMember', window );">As Reported [Member] | Related Party [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_CondensedFinancialStatementsCaptionsLineItems', window );"><strong>Schedule of Impact of the Restatement [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesCurrent', window );">Due to related parties</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">301,972<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">173,132<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_RestatementAxis=srt_RestatementAdjustmentMember', window );">Adjustments [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_CondensedFinancialStatementsCaptionsLineItems', window );"><strong>Schedule of Impact of the Restatement [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent', window );">Prepaid expense and other current asset</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">223,707<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ConstructionInProgressGross', window );">Property and equipment, net</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="num">(7,400,000)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(7,400,000)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsNoncurrent', window );">Prepayment for asset acquisition</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">691,900<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">691,900<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Assets', window );">Total Assets</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="num">(6,484,392)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(6,708,100)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccountsPayableAndOtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent', window );">Accrued expenses and other current liabilities</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="num">(605,178)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(148,028)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ConvertibleNotesPayable', window );">Convertible notes payable &#8211; third parties, net</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">29,769<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">317,066<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent', window );">Current Liabilities</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="num">(455,908)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">169,399<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Liabilities', window );">Total Liabilities</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="num">(455,908)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">169,399<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalCommonStock', window );">Additional paid-in capital</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="num">(9,025,036)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(8,658,586)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquity', window );">Total stockholders&#8217; equity</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="num">(6,092,525)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(6,833,940)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_MinorityInterest', window );">Noncontrolling interest</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">64,040<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(43,559)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest', window );">Total Equity</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="num">(6,028,485)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(6,877,499)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity', window );">Total Liabilities and Equity</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="num">(6,484,393)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(6,708,100)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense', window );">Selling, general and administrative expenses</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="num">(92,771)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation', window );">Stock based compensation</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="num">(513,364)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(1,449,775)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InterestExpense', window );">Interest expenses</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">503,007<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,179,669<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest', window );">Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="num">(45,425)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (98,162)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest', window );">Net loss</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,053,352<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasic', window );">Basic and diluted net loss per common share (in Dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.11<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.63<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareDiluted', window );">Diluted net loss per common share (in Dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.11<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.63<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAvailableToCommonStockholdersBasic', window );">Net loss</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,053,355<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherNoncashIncomeExpense', window );">Other non-cash income and expenses</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="num">(495,736)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (1,169,501)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccruedLiabilitiesAndOtherOperatingLiabilities', window );">Accrued expenses and other current liabilities</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="num">(398,070)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(148,031)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInDueToRelatedParties', window );">Due to related parties</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="num">(128,840)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">186,860<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities', window );">Net cash used in operating activities</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="num">(353,815)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RepaymentsOfRelatedPartyDebt', window );">Due to related parties</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="num">(217,981)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities', window );">Net cash provided by financing activities</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">119,141<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_EffectOfExchangeRateChangeOnCashAndCashEquivalentsAndRestrictedCash', window );">Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">234,674<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(2)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_IssuanceOfCommonStockForConversionOfDebt', window );">Issuance of common stock for conversion of debt</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">213,426<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(1,519,426)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_RestatementAxis=srt_RestatementAdjustmentMember', window );">Adjustments [Member] | Related Party [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_CondensedFinancialStatementsCaptionsLineItems', window );"><strong>Schedule of Impact of the Restatement [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesCurrent', window );">Due to related parties</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">89,502<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 361<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_RestatementAxis=abvc_AsRestatedMember', window );">As restated [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_CondensedFinancialStatementsCaptionsLineItems', window );"><strong>Schedule of Impact of the Restatement [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent', window );">Prepaid expense and other current asset</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">383,309<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ConstructionInProgressGross', window );">Property and equipment, net</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">549,150<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsNoncurrent', window );">Prepayment for asset acquisition</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">691,900<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Assets', window );">Total Assets</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">7,976,010<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccountsPayableAndOtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent', window );">Accrued expenses and other current liabilities</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">3,445,667<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ConvertibleNotesPayable', window );">Convertible notes payable &#8211; third parties, net</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">872,336<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent', window );">Current Liabilities</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">6,177,706<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Liabilities', window );">Total Liabilities</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">6,517,539<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalCommonStock', window );">Additional paid-in capital</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">77,004,201<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquity', window );">Total stockholders&#8217; equity</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">1,699,551<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_MinorityInterest', window );">Noncontrolling interest</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="num">(241,081)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest', window );">Total Equity</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">1,458,470<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity', window );">Total Liabilities and Equity</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">7,976,009<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense', window );">Selling, general and administrative expenses</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">738,486<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation', window );">Stock based compensation</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">2,031,631<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InterestExpense', window );">Interest expenses</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="num">(181,676)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest', window );">Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="num">(93,468)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest', window );">Net loss</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="num">$ (2,927,667)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasic', window );">Basic and diluted net loss per common share (in Dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="num">$ (0.29)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareDiluted', window );">Diluted net loss per common share (in Dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="num">$ (0.29)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAvailableToCommonStockholdersBasic', window );">Net loss</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="num">$ (2,927,664)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherNoncashIncomeExpense', window );">Other non-cash income and expenses</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">176,280<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccruedLiabilitiesAndOtherOperatingLiabilities', window );">Accrued expenses and other current liabilities</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="num">(43,605)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInDueToRelatedParties', window );">Due to related parties</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities', window );">Net cash used in operating activities</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="num">(955,816)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RepaymentsOfRelatedPartyDebt', window );">Due to related parties</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="num">(217,981)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities', window );">Net cash provided by financing activities</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">924,147<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_EffectOfExchangeRateChangeOnCashAndCashEquivalentsAndRestrictedCash', window );">Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="num">(26,109)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_IssuanceOfCommonStockForConversionOfDebt', window );">Issuance of common stock for conversion of debt</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">467,574<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_RestatementAxis=abvc_AsRestatedMember', window );">As restated [Member] | Related Party [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_CondensedFinancialStatementsCaptionsLineItems', window );"><strong>Schedule of Impact of the Restatement [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesCurrent', window );">Due to related parties</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">$ 391,474<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="3"></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="3"><table class="outerFootnotes" width="100%"><tr class="outerFootnote">
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 12pt;" valign="top">[1]</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;" valign="top"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Due to related parties previously reported amount was reclassified to financing activities based on current year&#8217;s presentation.</span></td>
</tr></table></td></tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_abvc_EffectOfExchangeRateChangeOnCashAndCashEquivalentsAndRestrictedCash">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">abvc_EffectOfExchangeRateChangeOnCashAndCashEquivalentsAndRestrictedCash</td>
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<tr>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Issuance of common stock for conversion of debt.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<tr>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Name Regulation S-X (SX)<br> -Number 210<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection 04<br> -Paragraph a<br> -Publisher SEC<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Name Regulation S-X (SX)<br> -Number 210<br> -Section 5<br> -Subsection 04<br> -Paragraph c<br> -Subparagraph Schedule I<br> -Publisher SEC<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Name Regulation S-X (SX)<br> -Number 210<br> -Section 7<br> -Subsection 05<br> -Paragraph c<br> -Subparagraph Schedule II<br> -Publisher SEC<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Name Regulation S-X (SX)<br> -Number 210<br> -Section 9<br> -Subsection 06<br> -Publisher SEC<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 235<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477314/942-235-S99-2<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480738/235-10-S50-4<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.12-04(a))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-3<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/recommendedDisclosureRef<br> -Topic 810<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 11<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481231/810-10-45-11<br><br>Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 205<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 7<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 1.B.2)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480922/205-10-S99-7<br><br>Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 205<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481003/205-10-S50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_CondensedFinancialStatementsCaptionsLineItems</td>
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<tr>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AccountsPayableAndOtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of liabilities incurred to vendors for goods and services received, and accrued liabilities classified as other, payable within one year or the normal operating cycle, if longer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AccountsPayableAndOtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent</td>
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</table></div>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Value received from shareholders in common stock-related transactions that are in excess of par value or stated value and amounts received from other stock-related transactions. Includes only common stock transactions (excludes preferred stock transactions). May be called contributed capital, capital in excess of par, capital surplus, or paid-in capital.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(30)(a)(1))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of asset recognized for present right to economic benefit.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_Assets</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ConstructionInProgressGross">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of structure or a modification to a structure under construction. Includes recently completed structures or modifications to structures that have not been placed into service.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 360<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482099/360-10-50-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ConstructionInProgressGross</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<tr>
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</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Including the current and noncurrent portions, carrying value as of the balance sheet date of a written promise to pay a note, initially due after one year or beyond the operating cycle if longer, which can be exchanged for a specified amount of one or more securities (typically common stock), at the option of the issuer or the holder.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(22))<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 210<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-03(16))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478546/942-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(16)(a)(2))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478777/944-210-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ConvertibleNotesPayable</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasic">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The amount of net income (loss) for the period per each share of common stock or unit outstanding during the reporting period.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasic</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareDiluted">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The amount of net income (loss) for the period available to each share of common stock or common unit outstanding during the reporting period and to each share or unit that would have been outstanding assuming the issuance of common shares or units for all dilutive potential common shares or units outstanding during the reporting period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482662/260-10-50-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (c)(2)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483443/250-10-50-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483443/250-10-50-1<br><br>Reference 4: 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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EarningsPerShareDiluted</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of income (loss) from continuing operations, including income (loss) from equity method investments, before deduction of income tax expense (benefit), and income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccruedLiabilitiesAndOtherOperatingLiabilities">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of increase (decrease) in accrued expenses, and obligations classified as other.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-28<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccruedLiabilitiesAndOtherOperatingLiabilities</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInDueToRelatedParties">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The increase (decrease) during the reporting period in the aggregate amount of obligations to be paid to the following types of related parties: a parent company and its subsidiaries; subsidiaries of a common parent; an entity and trust for the benefit of employees, such as pension and profit-sharing trusts that are managed by or under the trusteeship of the entities' management; an entity and its principal owners, management, or member of their immediate families; affiliates; or other parties with the ability to exert significant influence.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 230<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-28<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInDueToRelatedParties</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_InterestExpense">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of interest expense classified as operating and nonoperating. Includes, but is not limited to, cost of borrowing accounted for as interest expense.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 22<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-22<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 48<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482785/280-10-55-48<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 49<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482785/280-10-55-49<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 270<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (i)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482964/270-10-50-1<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 32<br> -Subparagraph (ee)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-32<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 24<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-24<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 22<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-22<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 835<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483013/835-20-50-1<br><br>Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (i)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479105/946-220-45-3<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_InterestExpense</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of liability recognized for present obligation requiring transfer or otherwise providing economic benefit to others.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_Liabilities</td>
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<tr>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of liabilities and equity items, including the portion of equity attributable to noncontrolling interests, if any.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Total obligations incurred as part of normal operations that are expected to be paid during the following twelve months or within one business cycle, if longer.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of equity (deficit) attributable to noncontrolling interest. Excludes temporary equity.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_MinorityInterest</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash inflow (outflow) from financing activity, including, but not limited to, discontinued operation. Financing activity includes, but is not limited to, obtaining resource from owner and providing return on, and return of, their investment; borrowing money and repaying amount borrowed, or settling obligation; and obtaining and paying for other resource obtained from creditor on long-term credit.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 24<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-24<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash inflow (outflow) from operating activity, including, but not limited to, discontinued operation. Operating activity includes, but is not limited to, transaction, adjustment, and change in value not defined as investing or financing activity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-28<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 24<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-24<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 25<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-25<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of Net Income (Loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483443/250-10-50-6<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 9<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483443/250-10-50-9<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483443/250-10-50-8<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-04(17))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477250/944-220-S99-1<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482765/220-10-50-6<br><br>Reference 6: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 810<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (a)(2)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481203/810-10-50-1A<br><br>Reference 7: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 810<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 4J<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481175/810-10-55-4J<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482790/220-10-45-1A<br><br>Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482790/220-10-45-1B<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAvailableToCommonStockholdersBasic">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, after deduction of tax, noncontrolling interests, dividends on preferred stock and participating securities; of income (loss) available to common shareholders.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482662/260-10-50-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483443/250-10-50-4<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 480<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479857/480-10-S50-3<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 480<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S45<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479887/480-10-S45-3<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 480<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 3A<br> -Subparagraph (24)(d)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480244/480-10-S99-3A<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 105<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 65<br> -Paragraph 9<br> -Subparagraph (e)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479343/105-10-65-9<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 805<br> -SubTopic 60<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 65<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (g)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147476176/805-60-65-1<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483443/250-10-50-3<br><br>Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 11<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483443/250-10-50-11<br><br>Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 11<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483443/250-10-50-11<br><br>Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 5<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 6.B)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483621/220-10-S99-5<br><br>Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482689/260-10-45-10<br><br>Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 11<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482689/260-10-45-11<br><br>Reference 14: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 60B<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482689/260-10-45-60B<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAvailableToCommonStockholdersBasic</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of liabilities classified as other, due within one year or the normal operating cycle, if longer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(20))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481372/852-10-55-10<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherNoncashIncomeExpense">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of income (expense) included in net income that results in no cash inflow (outflow), classified as other.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-28<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherNoncashIncomeExpense</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of asset related to consideration paid in advance for costs that provide economic benefits in future periods, and amount of other assets that are expected to be realized or consumed within one year or the normal operating cycle, if longer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(9))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsNoncurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of asset related to consideration paid in advance for costs that provide economic benefits in future periods, and amount of other assets that are expected to be realized or consumed after one year or the normal operating cycle, if longer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-03(10))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478546/942-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(18))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsNoncurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RepaymentsOfRelatedPartyDebt">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The cash outflow for the payment of a long-term borrowing made from a related party where one party can exercise control or significant influence over another party; including affiliates, owners or officers and their immediate families, pension trusts, and so forth. Alternate caption: Payments for Advances from Affiliates.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 15<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-15<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RepaymentsOfRelatedPartyDebt</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The aggregate total costs related to selling a firm's product and services, as well as all other general and administrative expenses. Direct selling expenses (for example, credit, warranty, and advertising) are expenses that can be directly linked to the sale of specific products. Indirect selling expenses are expenses that cannot be directly linked to the sale of specific products, for example telephone expenses, Internet, and postal charges. General and administrative expenses include salaries of non-sales personnel, rent, utilities, communication, etc.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 18<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147476153/220-40-55-18<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 11<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147476153/220-40-55-11<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147476153/220-40-55-4<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 14<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147476153/220-40-55-14<br><br>Reference 5: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(4))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483621/220-10-S99-2<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147476148/220-40-50-6<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of noncash expense for share-based payment arrangement.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 230<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-28<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquity">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of equity (deficit) attributable to parent. Excludes temporary equity and equity attributable to noncontrolling interest.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480738/235-10-S50-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(g)(1)(i))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 825<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (f)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482907/825-10-50-28<br><br>Reference 4: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 5: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(30))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 6: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(31))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481372/852-10-55-10<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 830<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 12<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479168/946-830-55-12<br><br>Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-04(19))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479170/946-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-05(4))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479170/946-210-S99-2<br><br>Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-09(4)(b))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479134/946-220-S99-3<br><br>Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-09(6))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479134/946-220-S99-3<br><br>Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-09(7))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479134/946-220-S99-3<br><br>Reference 14: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(g)(1)(ii))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 15: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 323<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481687/323-10-50-3<br><br>Reference 16: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 310<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 4.E)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480418/310-10-S99-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockholdersEquity</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of equity (deficit) attributable to parent and noncontrolling interest. Excludes temporary equity.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
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<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest</td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Schedule of Revenue and Gross Profit Information of our Reportable Segment (Details) - USD ($)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">3 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="4">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Mar. 31, 2025</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Mar. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Mar. 31, 2025</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Mar. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th>
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<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SegmentReportingInformationRevenueAbstract', window );"><strong>Schedule of Revenue and Gross Profit Information of our Reportable Segment [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Revenues', window );">Revenue</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,205<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 509,589<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 152,430<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
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<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">277<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">763<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">302,037<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_GrossProfit', window );">Gross profit (loss)</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">928<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">508,826<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 928<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(149,607)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Depreciation', window );">Depreciation expense</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 7,021<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,286<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 32,025<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 28,531<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CostOfRevenue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The aggregate cost of goods produced and sold and services rendered during the reporting period.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CostOfRevenue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The amount of expense recognized in the current period that reflects the allocation of the cost of tangible assets over the assets' useful lives. Includes production and non-production related depreciation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 230<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-28<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 18<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147476153/220-40-55-18<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 11<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147476153/220-40-55-11<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 24<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147476153/220-40-55-24<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 12<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147476148/220-40-50-12<br><br>Reference 6: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 360<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482099/360-10-50-1<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147476148/220-40-50-6<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_Depreciation</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_GrossProfit">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Aggregate revenue less cost of goods and services sold or operating expenses directly attributable to the revenue generation activity.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_GrossProfit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_Revenues">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of revenue recognized from goods sold, services rendered, insurance premiums, or other activities that constitute an earning process. Includes, but is not limited to, investment and interest income before deduction of interest expense when recognized as a component of revenue, and sales and trading gain (loss).</p></div>
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Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 30<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-30<br><br>Reference 29: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 22<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-22<br><br>Reference 30: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 40<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-40<br><br>Reference 31: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 22<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI 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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_Revenues</td>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SegmentReportingInformationRevenueAbstract</td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Schedule of Reconciliation of Total Segment Gross Profit (Details) - USD ($)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">3 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="4">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Mar. 31, 2025</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Mar. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Mar. 31, 2025</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Mar. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SegmentReportingOtherSignificantReconcilingItemConsolidatedAbstract', window );"><strong>Schedule of Reconciliation of Total Segment Gross Profit [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_GrossProfit', window );">Segment Gross Profit (Loss)</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 928<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 508,826<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 928<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (149,607)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense', window );">Selling, general and administrative expenses</a></td>
<td class="nump">615,371<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">738,486<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">615,371<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,261,336<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">738,486<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">5,368,278<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense', window );">Research and development expenses</a></td>
<td class="nump">28,861<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">69,066<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">28,861<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">179,272<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">69,066<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,062,916<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense', window );">Stock-based compensation</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">48,773<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">451,480<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,031,631<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">902,960<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InvestmentIncomeInterest', window );">Interest income</a></td>
<td class="nump">19,071<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">4,049<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">19,071<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">87,358<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">4,049<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">185,481<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InterestExpenseNonoperating', window );">Interest expense</a></td>
<td class="num">(222,967)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(181,676)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(222,967)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(825,899)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(181,676)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(1,313,671)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SubleaseIncome', window );">Operating sublease income</a></td>
<td class="nump">12,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">8,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">12,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">48,478<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">8,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">65,900<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossBeforeTax', window );">Gain (loss) on foreign exchange changes</a></td>
<td class="num">(9,912)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">60,730<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(9,912)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(25,135)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">60,730<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">22,690<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_WriteOffUnclaimedAccruedLiabilites', window );">Loss on investment in equity securities</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(50,877)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">255,592<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherNonoperatingIncomeExpense', window );">Other income, net</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,500<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">19,485<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,500<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">134,443<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">19,485<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,384<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest', window );">Loss before provision for income tax</a></td>
<td class="num">$ (944,190)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (2,927,667)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (944,190)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (5,369,576)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (2,927,667)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (8,024,838)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_abvc_WriteOffUnclaimedAccruedLiabilites">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of write off unclaimed accrued liabilites.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">abvc_WriteOffUnclaimedAccruedLiabilites</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>abvc_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of expense for award under share-based payment arrangement. Excludes amount capitalized.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479983/718-10-S45-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 14.F)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479830/718-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (h)(1)(i)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossBeforeTax">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, before tax, of realized and unrealized gain (loss) from foreign currency transaction.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-07(7))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479134/946-220-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 830<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 35<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482014/830-20-35-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 830<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481956/830-20-45-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 830<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481926/830-20-50-1<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 830<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 17<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481839/830-10-45-17<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 22<br> -Subparagraph (o)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147476148/220-40-50-22<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossBeforeTax</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_GrossProfit">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Aggregate revenue less cost of goods and services sold or operating expenses directly attributable to the revenue generation activity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480738/235-10-S50-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(g)(1)(i))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 825<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (f)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482907/825-10-50-28<br><br>Reference 4: 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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_GrossProfit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of income (loss) from continuing operations, including income (loss) from equity method investments, before deduction of income tax expense (benefit), and income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147476153/220-40-55-4<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 21<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147476153/220-40-55-21<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 14<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147476153/220-40-55-14<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 235<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478671/942-235-S50-1<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 235<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-05(b)(2))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477314/942-235-S99-1<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 22<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-22<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 48<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482785/280-10-55-48<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 32<br> -Subparagraph (f)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-32<br><br>Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 30<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-30<br><br>Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 270<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (i)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482964/270-10-50-1<br><br>Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 32<br> -Subparagraph (ee)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-32<br><br>Reference 12: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/otherTransitionRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 32<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-32<br><br>Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-04(11))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477250/944-220-S99-1<br><br>Reference 14: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 31<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-31<br><br>Reference 15: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(10))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483621/220-10-S99-2<br><br>Reference 16: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-04(15))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478524/942-220-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_InterestExpenseNonoperating">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of interest expense classified as nonoperating.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147476153/220-40-55-4<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 14<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147476153/220-40-55-14<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 22<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-22<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483621/220-10-S99-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_InterestExpenseNonoperating</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_InvestmentIncomeInterest">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount before accretion (amortization) of purchase discount (premium) of interest income on nonoperating securities.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 22<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-22<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 48<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482785/280-10-55-48<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(7)(b))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483621/220-10-S99-2<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 270<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (i)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482964/270-10-50-1<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 32<br> -Subparagraph (ee)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-32<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_InvestmentIncomeInterest</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherNonoperatingIncomeExpense">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of income (expense) related to nonoperating activities, classified as other.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 815<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4A<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480434/815-10-50-4A<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(9))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483621/220-10-S99-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherNonoperatingIncomeExpense</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of expense for research and development. Includes, but is not limited to, cost for computer software product to be sold, leased, or otherwise marketed and writeoff of research and development assets acquired in transaction other than business combination or joint venture formation or both. Excludes write-down of intangible asset acquired in business combination or from joint venture formation or both, used in research and development activity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 18<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147476153/220-40-55-18<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 14<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147476153/220-40-55-14<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 48<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482785/280-10-55-48<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 985<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481283/985-20-50-2<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 730<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482916/730-10-50-1<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 912<br> -SubTopic 730<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 25<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479532/912-730-25-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The aggregate total costs related to selling a firm's product and services, as well as all other general and administrative expenses. Direct selling expenses (for example, credit, warranty, and advertising) are expenses that can be directly linked to the sale of specific products. Indirect selling expenses are expenses that cannot be directly linked to the sale of specific products, for example telephone expenses, Internet, and postal charges. General and administrative expenses include salaries of non-sales personnel, rent, utilities, communication, etc.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 18<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147476153/220-40-55-18<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 11<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147476153/220-40-55-11<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147476153/220-40-55-4<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 14<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147476153/220-40-55-14<br><br>Reference 5: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(4))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483621/220-10-S99-2<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147476148/220-40-50-6<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense</td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of sublease income excluding finance and operating lease expense.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 53<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479589/842-20-55-53<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Subparagraph (e)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478964/842-20-50-4<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Property and Equipment, and Prepament for Asset Acquisition - Schedule of Property and Equipment (Details) - USD ($)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Mar. 31, 2025</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems', window );"><strong>Schedule of Property and Equipment [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross', window );">Property and equipment, gross</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 11,513,464<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 3,852,827<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 3,904,319<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccumulatedDepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationPropertyPlantAndEquipment', window );">Less: accumulated depreciation</a></td>
<td class="num">(3,344,718)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(3,341,739)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(3,335,041)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet', window );">Property and equipment, net</a></td>
<td class="nump">8,168,746<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">511,088<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">569,278<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=us-gaap_LandMember', window );">Land [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems', window );"><strong>Schedule of Property and Equipment [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross', window );">Property and equipment, gross</a></td>
<td class="nump">8,004,520<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">338,966<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">363,416<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=us-gaap_BuildingAndBuildingImprovementsMember', window );">Buildings and leasehold improvements [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems', window );"><strong>Schedule of Property and Equipment [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross', window );">Property and equipment, gross</a></td>
<td class="nump">2,217,756<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,219,244<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,227,431<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=us-gaap_MachineryAndEquipmentMember', window );">Machinery and equipment [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems', window );"><strong>Schedule of Property and Equipment [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross', window );">Property and equipment, gross</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,129,804<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,131,169<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,138,675<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=us-gaap_OfficeEquipmentMember', window );">Office equipment [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems', window );"><strong>Schedule of Property and Equipment [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross', window );">Property and equipment, gross</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 161,384<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 163,448<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 174,797<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
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<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AccumulatedDepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationPropertyPlantAndEquipment">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of accumulated depreciation, depletion and amortization for physical assets used in the normal conduct of business to produce goods and services.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(8)(b))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478777/944-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(14))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 360<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482099/360-10-50-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AccumulatedDepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationPropertyPlantAndEquipment</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
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</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount before accumulated depreciation, depletion and amortization of physical assets used in the normal conduct of business and not intended for resale. Examples include, but are not limited to, land, buildings, machinery and equipment, office equipment, and furniture and fixtures.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(8))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478777/944-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(13))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 360<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482099/360-10-50-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 7A<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478964/842-20-50-7A<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount after accumulated depreciation, depletion and amortization of physical assets used in the normal conduct of business to produce goods and services and not intended for resale. Examples include, but are not limited to, land, buildings, machinery and equipment, office equipment, and furniture and fixtures.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 360<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482099/360-10-50-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 7A<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478964/842-20-50-7A<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481372/852-10-55-10<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(8))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478777/944-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 360<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478451/942-360-50-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=us-gaap_LandMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=us-gaap_LandMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=us-gaap_BuildingAndBuildingImprovementsMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=us-gaap_MachineryAndEquipmentMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=us-gaap_OfficeEquipmentMember</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Long-Term Investments - Schedule of Ownership Percentages of Each Investee (Details)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">3 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">12 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="2"></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th" colspan="2"><div>Mar. 31, 2025</div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis=abvc_BraingenesisBiotechnologyCoLtdMember', window );">Braingenesis Biotechnology Co., Ltd. [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentsLineItems', window );"><strong>Schedule of Ownership Percentages of Each Investee [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage', window );">Ownership percentage</a></td>
<td class="nump">0.17%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="nump">0.17%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1],[2]</sup></td>
<td class="nump">0.17%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[2]</sup></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentAdditionalInformation', window );">Accounting treatments</a></td>
<td class="text">Cost Method<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="text">Cost Method<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[2]</sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis=abvc_GenepharmBiotechCorporationMember', window );">Genepharm Biotech Corporation [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentsLineItems', window );"><strong>Schedule of Ownership Percentages of Each Investee [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage', window );">Ownership percentage</a></td>
<td class="nump">0.67%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">0.67%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">0.67%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentAdditionalInformation', window );">Accounting treatments</a></td>
<td class="text">Cost Method<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">Cost Method<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis=abvc_BioHopeKingCorporationMember', window );">BioHopeKing Corporation [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentsLineItems', window );"><strong>Schedule of Ownership Percentages of Each Investee [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage', window );">Ownership percentage</a></td>
<td class="nump">5.90%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">5.90%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">5.90%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentAdditionalInformation', window );">Accounting treatments</a></td>
<td class="text">Cost Method<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">Cost Method<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis=abvc_ForSeeConEyeCorporationMember', window );">ForSeeCon Eye Corporation [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentsLineItems', window );"><strong>Schedule of Ownership Percentages of Each Investee [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage', window );">Ownership percentage</a></td>
<td class="nump">19.78%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">19.78%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentAdditionalInformation', window );">Accounting treatments</a></td>
<td class="text">Cost Method<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">Cost Method<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis=abvc_BioFirstCorporationMember', window );">BioFirst Corporation [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentsLineItems', window );"><strong>Schedule of Ownership Percentages of Each Investee [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage', window );">Ownership percentage</a></td>
<td class="nump">18.68%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">18.68%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">18.68%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentAdditionalInformation', window );">Accounting treatments</a></td>
<td class="text">Equity&#160;Method<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">Equity&#160;Method<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis=abvc_OncoXBioPharmaIncMember', window );">OncoX BioPharma, Inc. [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentsLineItems', window );"><strong>Schedule of Ownership Percentages of Each Investee [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage', window );">Ownership percentage</a></td>
<td class="nump">24.97%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">24.97%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentAdditionalInformation', window );">Accounting treatments</a></td>
<td class="text">Equity Method<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">Equity Method<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis=abvc_RgeneCorporationMember', window );">Rgene Corporation [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentsLineItems', window );"><strong>Schedule of Ownership Percentages of Each Investee [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
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<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage', window );">Ownership percentage</a></td>
<td class="nump">37.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">26.65%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">26.65%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentAdditionalInformation', window );">Accounting treatments</a></td>
<td class="text">Equity Method<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">Equity Method<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis=abvc_BioLiteJapanKKMember', window );">BioLite Japan K.K. [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentsLineItems', window );"><strong>Schedule of Ownership Percentages of Each Investee [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage', window );">Ownership percentage</a></td>
<td class="nump">49.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">49.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentAdditionalInformation', window );">Accounting treatments</a></td>
<td class="text">Equity Method<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
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<tr><td colspan="7"></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="7"><table class="outerFootnotes" width="100%">
<tr class="outerFootnote">
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 12pt;" valign="top">[1]</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;" valign="top"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">This company was acquired by Canal Biotech Corporation Inc. Our stock is in the process of replacement with the stock of the acquired company and the ownership percentage is subject to change.</span></td>
</tr>
<tr class="outerFootnote">
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 12pt;" valign="top">[2]</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;" valign="top"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">This company was acquired by Canal Biotech Corporation Inc. Our stock is in the process of replacement with the stock of the acquired company and the ownership percentage is subject to change.</span></td>
</tr>
</table></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>This serves as a place to record data that is not required by accounting literature but is useful for readers of the financial statements as it relates to the details of an equity method investment in common stock. Such information may include the amount of change for a change in ownership (equity) percentage in a given period and the amount and type of the consideration given or received in relation to the change in ownership.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The percentage of ownership of common stock or equity participation in the investee accounted for under the equity method of accounting.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 825<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (f)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482907/825-10-50-28<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 323<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (a)(1)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481687/323-10-50-3<br></p></div>
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<tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480738/235-10-S50-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 825<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (f)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482907/825-10-50-28<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(g)(1)(ii))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 323<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481687/323-10-50-3<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 323<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (a)(1)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481687/323-10-50-3<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 323<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (a)(2)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481687/323-10-50-3<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 323<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481687/323-10-50-3<br></p></div>
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<tr>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Long-Term Investments - Schedule of Extent the Investee Relies (Details)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">3 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Mar. 31, 2025</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=abvc_BraingenesisBiotechnologyCoLtdMember', window );">Braingenesis Biotechnology Co., Ltd. [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SubsidiaryOrEquityMethodInvesteeLineItems', window );"><strong>Schedule of Extent the Investee Relies [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionDescriptionOfTransaction', window );">The extent the investee relies on the Company for its business, description</a></td>
<td class="text">No specific business relationship<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">No specific business relationship<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=abvc_GenepharmBiotechCorporationMember', window );">Genepharm Biotech Corporation [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SubsidiaryOrEquityMethodInvesteeLineItems', window );"><strong>Schedule of Extent the Investee Relies [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionDescriptionOfTransaction', window );">The extent the investee relies on the Company for its business, description</a></td>
<td class="text">No specific business relationship<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">No specific business relationship<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=abvc_BioHopeKingCorporationMember', window );">BioHopeKing Corporation [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SubsidiaryOrEquityMethodInvesteeLineItems', window );"><strong>Schedule of Extent the Investee Relies [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionDescriptionOfTransaction', window );">The extent the investee relies on the Company for its business, description</a></td>
<td class="text">Collaborating with the Company to develop and commercialize drugs (referring to Note 4, Collaborative Agreements)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">Collaborating with the Company to develop and commercialize drugs (referring to Note 4, Collaborative Agreements)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=abvc_BioLiteJapanKKMember', window );">BioLite Japan K.K. [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SubsidiaryOrEquityMethodInvesteeLineItems', window );"><strong>Schedule of Extent the Investee Relies [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionDescriptionOfTransaction', window );">The extent the investee relies on the Company for its business, description</a></td>
<td class="text">The Company&#8217;s joint venture noncontrolling subsidiary perform research and development activities and explore business opportunities in Japan<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">The Company&#8217;s joint venture noncontrolling subsidiary perform research and development activities and explore business opportunities in Japan<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=abvc_ForSeeConEyeCorporationMember', window );">ForSeeCon Eye Corporation [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SubsidiaryOrEquityMethodInvesteeLineItems', window );"><strong>Schedule of Extent the Investee Relies [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionDescriptionOfTransaction', window );">The extent the investee relies on the Company for its business, description</a></td>
<td class="text">Collaborating with the Company to develop and commercialize ophthalmic medical devices (referring to Note 4, Collaborative Agreements)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">Collaborating with the Company to develop and commercialize ophthalmic medical devices (referring to Note 4, Collaborative Agreements)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=abvc_BioFirstCorporationMember', window );">BioFirst Corporation [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SubsidiaryOrEquityMethodInvesteeLineItems', window );"><strong>Schedule of Extent the Investee Relies [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionDescriptionOfTransaction', window );">The extent the investee relies on the Company for its business, description</a></td>
<td class="text">Loaned from the investee and provides research and development support service<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">Loaned from the investee and provides research and development support service<span></span>
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<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=abvc_OncoXBioPharmaIncMember', window );">OncoX BioPharma, Inc. [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SubsidiaryOrEquityMethodInvesteeLineItems', window );"><strong>Schedule of Extent the Investee Relies [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionDescriptionOfTransaction', window );">The extent the investee relies on the Company for its business, description</a></td>
<td class="text">Collaborating with the Company to develop and commercialize single-herb botanical drug for treatment of certain diseases (referring to Note 4, Collaborative Agreements)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">Collaborating with the Company to develop and commercialize single-herb botanical drug for treatment of certain diseases (referring to Note 4, Collaborative Agreements)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=abvc_RgeneCorporationMember', window );">Rgene Corporation [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SubsidiaryOrEquityMethodInvesteeLineItems', window );"><strong>Schedule of Extent the Investee Relies [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionDescriptionOfTransaction', window );">The extent the investee relies on the Company for its business, description</a></td>
<td class="text">Collaborating with the Company to develop and commercialize drugs (referring to Note 4, Collaborative Agreements)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">Collaborating with the Company to develop and commercialize drugs (referring to Note 4, Collaborative Agreements)<span></span>
</td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>A description of the related party transaction, including transactions to which no amounts or nominal amounts were ascribed and such other information deemed necessary to an understanding of the effects of the transactions on the financial statements. Examples of common related party transactions are, sales, purchases and transfers of realty and personal property, services received or furnished, loans and leases to and from top management and affiliates.</p></div>
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<td></td>
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<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=abvc_ForSeeConEyeCorporationMember</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=abvc_BioFirstCorporationMember</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=abvc_OncoXBioPharmaIncMember</td>
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<DOCUMENT>
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<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
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<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="report.css">
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="2" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Long-Term Investments - Schedule of Long-Term Investment (Details) - USD ($)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2"><div>Mar. 31, 2025</div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherInvestmentsAbstract', window );"><strong>Non-marketable Cost Method Investments, net</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesNoncurrent', window );">Non-marketable Cost Method Investments, net</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">$ 779,791<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">$ 790,250<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">$ 847,252<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentsAndJointVenturesAbstract', window );"><strong>Equity Method Investments, net</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LongTermInvestments', window );">Equity Method Investments, net</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">2,760,062<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">2,258,754<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">2,527,740<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionAxis=abvc_BraingenesisBiotechnologyCoLtdMember', window );">Braingenesis Biotechnology Co., Ltd. [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherInvestmentsAbstract', window );"><strong>Non-marketable Cost Method Investments, net</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesNoncurrent', window );">Non-marketable Cost Method Investments, net</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">6,640<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">6,727<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">7,213<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionAxis=abvc_GenepharmBiotechCorporationMember', window );">Genepharm Biotech Corporation [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherInvestmentsAbstract', window );"><strong>Non-marketable Cost Method Investments, net</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesNoncurrent', window );">Non-marketable Cost Method Investments, net</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">20,271<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">20,540<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">22,021<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionAxis=abvc_ForSeeConEyeCorporationMember', window );">ForSeeCon Eye Corporation [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherInvestmentsAbstract', window );"><strong>Non-marketable Cost Method Investments, net</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesNoncurrent', window );">Non-marketable Cost Method Investments, net</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionAxis=abvc_BioHopeKingCorporationMember', window );">BioHopeKing Corporation [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherInvestmentsAbstract', window );"><strong>Non-marketable Cost Method Investments, net</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesNoncurrent', window );">Non-marketable Cost Method Investments, net</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">752,880<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">762,983<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">818,018<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionAxis=abvc_BioFirstCorporationMember', window );">BioFirst Corporation [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentsAndJointVenturesAbstract', window );"><strong>Equity Method Investments, net</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LongTermInvestments', window );">Equity Method Investments, net</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">1,420,800<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[2]</sup></td>
<td class="nump">1,468,504<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[2],[3]</sup></td>
<td class="nump">1,680,488<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[3]</sup></td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionAxis=abvc_RgeneCorporationMember', window );">Rgene Corporation [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentsAndJointVenturesAbstract', window );"><strong>Equity Method Investments, net</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LongTermInvestments', window );">Equity Method Investments, net</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">559,471<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[4]</sup></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[4],[5]</sup></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[5]</sup></td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionAxis=abvc_BioLiteJapanKKBioLiteJPMember', window );">BioLite Japan K.K. (BioLite JP) [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentsAndJointVenturesAbstract', window );"><strong>Equity Method Investments, net</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LongTermInvestments', window );">Equity Method Investments, net</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[6]</sup></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
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<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LongTermInvestments', window );">Equity Method Investments, net</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[7]</sup></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="outerFootnote">
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 12pt;" valign="top">[1]</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;" valign="top">ForSeeCon Eye Corporation (FEYE)
FEYE is a private company registered in the British Virgin Islands, focusing on the field of diagnosis and treatment of eye disorders, with its main product of Vitargus. The Company granted FEYE certain licensed products in exchange of FEYE ownership. See Note 4 for detail of such transactions.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="outerFootnote">
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 12pt;" valign="top">[2]</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;" valign="top">BioFirst Corporation (the &#8220;BioFirst&#8221;):
The Company holds an equity interest in BioFirst Corporation, accounting for its equity interest using the equity method to accounts for its equity investment as prescribed in ASC 323, Investments&#8212;Equity Method and Joint Ventures (&#8220;ASC 323&#8221;). Equity method adjustments include the Company&#8217;s proportionate share of investee&#8217;s income or loss and other adjustments required by the equity method. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company owns 18.68% and 18.68% common stock shares of BioFirst, respectively. The Company made a prepayment for equity investment in BioFirst to purchase additional shares to be issued by BioFirst in the aggregate amount of $2,688,578, recorded as prepayment for long-term investments as of December 31, 2022. On July 19, 2023, the Company successfully completed the registration process for this investment. The initial prepayment was $1,895,556, which is a portion of the prepayment as of December 31, 2022, and was converted into 994,450 shares of BioFirst stock. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the amount of prepayment for long-term investments in Biofirst is both $1,124,842.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="outerFootnote">
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 12pt;" valign="top">[3]</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;" valign="top">BioFirst Corporation (the &#8220;BioFirst&#8221;):
The Company holds an equity interest in BioFirst Corporation, accounting for its equity interest using the equity method to accounts for its equity investment as prescribed in ASC 323, Investments&#8212;Equity Method and Joint Ventures (&#8220;ASC 323&#8221;). Equity method adjustments include the Company&#8217;s proportionate share of investee&#8217;s income or loss and other adjustments required by the equity method. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company owns 18.68% and 18.68% common stock shares of BioFirst, respectively. The Company made a prepayment for equity investment in BioFirst to purchase additional shares to be issued by BioFirst in the aggregate amount of $2,688,578, recorded as prepayment for long-term investments as of December 31, 2022. On July 19, 2023, the Company successfully completed the registration process for this investment. The initial prepayment was $1,895,556, which is a portion of the prepayment as of December 31, 2022, and was converted into 994,450 shares of BioFirst stock. As of December 31, 2024, the amount of prepayment for long-term investments in Biofirst is $1,124,842.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="outerFootnote">
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 12pt;" valign="top">[4]</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;" valign="top">Rgene Corporation (the &#8220;Rgene&#8221;)
As described in Note 4, the Company acquired 26.65% of Rgene&#8217;s outstanding common shares since 2018 through multiple collaborative agreements, and has been accounting this equity investment with equity method as prescribed in ASC 323, Investments&#8212;Equity Method and Joint Ventures (&#8220;ASC 323&#8221;). Equity method adjustments include the Company&#8217;s proportionate share of investee&#8217;s income or loss and other adjustments required by the equity method. Further, as disclosed in Note 10 Related Party Transactions, the Company entered a convertible loan agreement with Rgene in 2022 and has been working with Rgene to obtain approval for the Company to exercise the conversion from Department of Investment Review in Taiwan, a government agency reviews foreign investors conducting investment in Taiwan. In May 2024, the conversion request for the conversion was approved but the Company was not informed by Rgene until April 2025. The Company determined that the impact to the financial statements is immaterial and assumed the conversion was incurred on January 1, 2025. After the conversion, the Company owns 37% of outstanding shares of Rgene.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="outerFootnote">
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 12pt;" valign="top">[5]</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;" valign="top">Rgene Corporation (the &#8220;Rgene&#8221;)
Both Rgene and the Company are under common control by Dr. Tsung-Shann Jiang, the CEO and chairman of the BioLite Inc. Since Dr. Tsung-Shann Jiang is able to exercise significant influence, but not control, over the Rgene, the Company determined to use the equity method to accounts for its equity investment as prescribed in ASC 323, Investments&#8212;Equity Method and Joint Ventures (&#8220;ASC 323&#8221;). Equity method adjustments include the Company&#8217;s proportionate share of investee&#8217;s income or loss and other adjustments required by the equity method. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company owns 26.65% and 26.65% common stock shares of Rgene, respectively.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="outerFootnote">
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 12pt;" valign="top">[6]</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;" valign="top">BioLite Japan K.K. (BioLite JP)
In October 2021, the Company, Lucidaim Co., Ltd., a Japanese corporation (&#8220;Lucidaim,&#8221; together with the Company, the &#8220;Shareholders&#8221;), and BioLite Japan K.K., a Japanese corporation (&#8220;BioLite JP&#8221;) entered into a Joint Venture Agreement. BioLite JP is a private limited company incorporated on December 18, 2018. The business of the joint venture is the research and development of drugs, medical device and digital media, investment, fund running and consulting, distribution and marketing of supplements carried on by BioLite JP and its subsidiaries in Japan, or any other territory or businesses. At the date of the Agreement, BioLite JP has 10,000 ordinary shares authorized, with 3,049 ordinary shares issued and outstanding (the &#8220;Ordinary Shares&#8221;). Pursuant to the Agreement and the related share transfer agreement, Lucidaim shall own 1,555 Ordinary Shares (51%) and the Company shall own 1,494 Ordinary Shares (49%). The Company paid $150,000 towards the setup of the joint venture; BioLite Japan&#8217;s other shareholder also paid $150,000 after the Letter of Intent was signed. This prepayment is booked in prepayment for investment. As of December 31, 2024, the Company evaluated the investee&#8217;s business and financial conditions and determined to fully impair such prepayment.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="outerFootnote">
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 12pt;" valign="top">[7]</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;" valign="top">OncoX BioPharma, Inc. (OncoX)
OncoX is a private company registered in the British Virgin Islands, focusing on oncology trials and drug development across Asia-Pacific. The Company granted OncoX certain licensed products in exchange of OncoX&#8217;s ownership. See Note 4 for detail of such transactions.</td>
</tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The total amount of investments that are intended to be held for an extended period of time (longer than one operating cycle).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(12))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Long-Term Investments - Schedule of Components of Loss on Investment in Equity Securities (Details) - USD ($)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Mar. 31, 2025</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Mar. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentsAndJointVenturesAbstract', window );"><strong>Schedule of Components of Loss on Investment in Equity Securities [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestments', window );">Share of equity method investee losses</a></td>
<td class="num">$ (50,877)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (339,171)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (221,888)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestments">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>This item represents the carrying amount on the entity's balance sheet of its investment in common stock of an equity method investee. This is not an indicator of the fair value of the investment, rather it is the initial cost adjusted for the entity's share of earnings and losses of the investee, adjusted for any distributions (dividends) and other than temporary impairment (OTTI) losses recognized.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 270<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (i)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482964/270-10-50-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 32<br> -Subparagraph (ee)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-32<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 323<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481664/323-10-45-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 323<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (a)(3)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481687/323-10-50-3<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(10))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 25<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-25<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestments</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentsAndJointVenturesAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentsAndJointVenturesAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
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<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
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<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Convertible Notes Payable - Schedule of Carrying Amounts of the Liability Component (Details) - USD ($)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">3 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Mar. 31, 2025</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentLineItems', window );"><strong>Schedule of Carrying Amounts of the Liability Component [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentIssuedPrincipal', window );">Principal Amount at Issuance</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 2,260,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 2,260,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 4,904,167<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_DebtInstrumentPrincipalAmountAtBalanceSheetDate', window );">Principal Amount at Balance Sheet Date</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,060,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,460,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,011,175<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentUnamortizedDiscount', window );">Unamortized Discount</a></td>
<td class="nump">224,460<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">509,954<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,124,653<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_DebtInstrumentCarryingValue', window );">Carrying Value</a></td>
<td class="nump">835,539<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">950,046<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">886,522<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentFairValue', window );">Fair Value</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,260,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,740,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 2,413,410<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentAxis=abvc_SecondLINDNoteMember', window );">2nd LIND Note [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentLineItems', window );"><strong>Schedule of Carrying Amounts of the Liability Component [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_DebtInstrumentIssuanceEntity', window );">Issuance Entity</a></td>
<td class="text">ABVC<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">ABVC<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentIssuanceDate1', window );">Issuance Date</a></td>
<td class="text">Nov. 17,  2023<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">Nov. 17,  2023<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentMaturityDate', window );">Maturity Date</a></td>
<td class="text">May 19,  2025<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">May 19,  2025<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentIssuedPrincipal', window );">Principal Amount at Issuance</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,200,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,200,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentInterestRateStatedPercentage', window );">Stated Interest Rate</a></td>
<td class="nump">0.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentInterestRateEffectivePercentage', window );">Effective Interest Rate</a></td>
<td class="nump">86.94%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">86.94%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentConvertibleConversionPrice1', window );">Conversion Price (in Dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 1<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_DebtInstrumentCommonStockToBeConverted', window );">Common Stock to be converted</a></td>
<td class="text">ABVC<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">ABVC<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_DebtInstrumentPrincipalAmountAtBalanceSheetDate', window );">Principal Amount at Balance Sheet Date</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 200,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 400,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentUnamortizedDiscount', window );">Unamortized Discount</a></td>
<td class="nump">26,110<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">118,048<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_DebtInstrumentCarryingValue', window );">Carrying Value</a></td>
<td class="nump">173,890<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">281,952<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentFairValue', window );">Fair Value</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 240,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 480,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentAxis=abvc_ThirdLINDNoteMember', window );">3rd LIND Note [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentLineItems', window );"><strong>Schedule of Carrying Amounts of the Liability Component [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_DebtInstrumentIssuanceEntity', window );">Issuance Entity</a></td>
<td class="text">ABVC<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">ABVC<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentIssuanceDate1', window );">Issuance Date</a></td>
<td class="text">Jan. 17,  2024<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">Jan. 17,  2024<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentMaturityDate', window );">Maturity Date</a></td>
<td class="text">Jul. 17,  2025<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">Jul. 17,  2025<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentIssuedPrincipal', window );">Principal Amount at Issuance</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentInterestRateStatedPercentage', window );">Stated Interest Rate</a></td>
<td class="nump">0.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentInterestRateEffectivePercentage', window );">Effective Interest Rate</a></td>
<td class="nump">87.40%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">87.40%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentConvertibleConversionPrice1', window );">Conversion Price (in Dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 1<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_DebtInstrumentCommonStockToBeConverted', window );">Common Stock to be converted</a></td>
<td class="text">ABVC<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">ABVC<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_DebtInstrumentPrincipalAmountAtBalanceSheetDate', window );">Principal Amount at Balance Sheet Date</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 800,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentUnamortizedDiscount', window );">Unamortized Discount</a></td>
<td class="nump">196,114<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">388,685<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_DebtInstrumentCarryingValue', window );">Carrying Value</a></td>
<td class="nump">603,886<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">611,315<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentFairValue', window );">Fair Value</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 960,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,200,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentAxis=abvc_OtherNoteMember', window );">Other Note [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentLineItems', window );"><strong>Schedule of Carrying Amounts of the Liability Component [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_DebtInstrumentIssuanceEntity', window );">Issuance Entity</a></td>
<td class="text">AiBtl<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">AiBtl<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentIssuanceDate1', window );">Issuance Date</a></td>
<td class="text">Nov.  01,  2024<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">Nov.  01,  2024<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentMaturityDate', window );">Maturity Date</a></td>
<td class="text">Nov.  01,  2025<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">Nov.  01,  2025<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentIssuedPrincipal', window );">Principal Amount at Issuance</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 30,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 30,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentInterestRateStatedPercentage', window );">Stated Interest Rate</a></td>
<td class="nump">0.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentInterestRateEffectivePercentage', window );">Effective Interest Rate</a></td>
<td class="nump">6.89%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">6.89%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentConvertibleConversionPrice1', window );">Conversion Price (in Dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 5<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 5<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_DebtInstrumentCommonStockToBeConverted', window );">Common Stock to be converted</a></td>
<td class="text">AiBtl<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">AiBtl<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_DebtInstrumentPrincipalAmountAtBalanceSheetDate', window );">Principal Amount at Balance Sheet Date</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 30,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 30,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentUnamortizedDiscount', window );">Unamortized Discount</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,119<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,610<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_DebtInstrumentCarryingValue', window );">Carrying Value</a></td>
<td class="nump">28,881<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">28,390<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentFairValue', window );">Fair Value</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 30,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 30,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentAxis=abvc_OtherNoteOneMember', window );">Other Note One [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentLineItems', window );"><strong>Schedule of Carrying Amounts of the Liability Component [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_DebtInstrumentIssuanceEntity', window );">Issuance Entity</a></td>
<td class="text">AiBtl<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">AiBtl<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentIssuanceDate1', window );">Issuance Date</a></td>
<td class="text">Nov.  05,  2024<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">Nov.  05,  2024<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentMaturityDate', window );">Maturity Date</a></td>
<td class="text">Nov.  05,  2025<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">Nov.  05,  2025<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentIssuedPrincipal', window );">Principal Amount at Issuance</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 30,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 30,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentInterestRateStatedPercentage', window );">Stated Interest Rate</a></td>
<td class="nump">0.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentInterestRateEffectivePercentage', window );">Effective Interest Rate</a></td>
<td class="nump">6.89%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">6.89%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentConvertibleConversionPrice1', window );">Conversion Price (in Dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 5<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 5<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_DebtInstrumentCommonStockToBeConverted', window );">Common Stock to be converted</a></td>
<td class="text">AiBtl<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">AiBtl<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_DebtInstrumentPrincipalAmountAtBalanceSheetDate', window );">Principal Amount at Balance Sheet Date</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 30,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 30,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentUnamortizedDiscount', window );">Unamortized Discount</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,118<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,611<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_DebtInstrumentCarryingValue', window );">Carrying Value</a></td>
<td class="nump">28,882<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">28,389<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentFairValue', window );">Fair Value</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 30,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 30,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_abvc_DebtInstrumentCarryingValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The amount of carrying value.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">abvc_DebtInstrumentCarryingValue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>abvc_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_abvc_DebtInstrumentCommonStockToBeConverted">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Description of common stock to be converted.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">abvc_DebtInstrumentCommonStockToBeConverted</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>abvc_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_abvc_DebtInstrumentIssuanceEntity">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Description of issuance entity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">abvc_DebtInstrumentIssuanceEntity</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>abvc_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_abvc_DebtInstrumentPrincipalAmountAtBalanceSheetDate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The amount of principal amount at balance sheet date.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">abvc_DebtInstrumentPrincipalAmountAtBalanceSheetDate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>abvc_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentConvertibleConversionPrice1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The price per share of the conversion feature embedded in the debt instrument.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-1B<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 5<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-5<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DebtInstrumentConvertibleConversionPrice1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentFairValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Fair value portion of debt instrument payable, including, but not limited to, notes payable and loans payable.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 820<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (bbb)(2)(i)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 820<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (bbb)(2)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 820<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (bbb)(1)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 825<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482907/825-10-50-28<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 825<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 11<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482907/825-10-50-11<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 825<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 11<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482907/825-10-50-11<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 825<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482907/825-10-50-10<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 820<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 820<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2E<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-2E<br><br>Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 69B<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481568/470-20-55-69B<br><br>Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 69C<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481568/470-20-55-69C<br><br>Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1D<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-1D<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DebtInstrumentFairValue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentInterestRateEffectivePercentage">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Effective interest rate for the funds borrowed under the debt agreement considering interest compounding and original issue discount or premium.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 835<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482949/835-30-55-8<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(22)(a)(1))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 835<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482900/835-30-50-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 835<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482925/835-30-45-2<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-6<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DebtInstrumentInterestRateEffectivePercentage</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentInterestRateStatedPercentage">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Contractual interest rate for funds borrowed, under the debt agreement.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(22)(a)(1))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-1B<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DebtInstrumentInterestRateStatedPercentage</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentIssuanceDate1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Date the debt instrument was issued, in YYYY-MM-DD format.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(22)(a))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-1B<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DebtInstrumentIssuanceDate1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:dateItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentIssuedPrincipal">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of principal of debt issued.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-03(i)(1))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479886/946-10-S99-3<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DebtInstrumentIssuedPrincipal</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
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-Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1I<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-1I<br><br>Reference 30: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 835<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482925/835-30-45-2<br><br>Reference 31: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 835<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482900/835-30-50-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DebtInstrumentLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentMaturityDate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Date when the debt instrument is scheduled to be fully repaid, in YYYY-MM-DD format.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 820<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (bbb)(2)(i)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 820<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (bbb)(2)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(22)(a)(2))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-1B<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DebtInstrumentMaturityDate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, after accumulated amortization, of debt discount.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 835<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482925/835-30-45-1A<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 835<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482925/835-30-45-2<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 835<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482900/835-30-50-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1D<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-1D<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DebtInstrumentUnamortizedDiscount</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentAxis=abvc_SecondLINDNoteMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DebtInstrumentAxis=abvc_SecondLINDNoteMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentAxis=abvc_ThirdLINDNoteMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DebtInstrumentAxis=abvc_ThirdLINDNoteMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
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</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentAxis=abvc_OtherNoteMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DebtInstrumentAxis=abvc_OtherNoteMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentAxis=abvc_OtherNoteOneMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DebtInstrumentAxis=abvc_OtherNoteOneMember</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities - Schedule of Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities (Details) - USD ($)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Mar. 31, 2025</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesCurrentAbstract', window );"><strong>Schedule of Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_AccruedResearchAndDevelopmentExpense', window );">Accrued research and development expense</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,799,583<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,799,583<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,799,583<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccruedSalariesCurrent', window );">Accrued directors and officers (owners) compensation</a></td>
<td class="nump">991,821<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,025,867<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_CashPortionOfTheLindNoteRepayments', window );">Cash portion of the Lind Note repayments</a></td>
<td class="nump">227,284<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">127,759<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EmployeeRelatedLiabilitiesCurrent', window );">Accrued compensation and employee benefits</a></td>
<td class="nump">140,252<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">126,106<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">29,138<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent', window );">Others</a></td>
<td class="nump">617,879<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">557,866<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilities', window );">Total</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 3,826,819<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 3,509,422<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 3,548,352<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
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<div style="display: none;">
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Accrued research and development expense.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">abvc_AccruedResearchAndDevelopmentExpense</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_abvc_CashPortionOfTheLindNoteRepayments">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The amount of cash portion of the Lind Note repayments.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">abvc_CashPortionOfTheLindNoteRepayments</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>abvc_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Carrying value as of the balance sheet date of the obligations incurred through that date and payable for employees' services provided. Used to reflect the current portion of the liabilities (due within one year or within the normal operating cycle if longer).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(20))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483467/210-10-45-8<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AccruedSalariesCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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<td>credit</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Total of the carrying values as of the balance sheet date of obligations incurred through that date and payable for obligations related to services received from employees, such as accrued salaries and bonuses, payroll taxes and fringe benefits. Used to reflect the current portion of the liabilities (due within one year or within the normal operating cycle if longer).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(20))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EmployeeRelatedLiabilitiesCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilities">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of liabilities incurred and payable to vendors for goods and services received classified as other, and expenses incurred but not yet paid, payable within one year or the operating cycle, if longer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilities</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of expenses incurred but not yet paid classified as other, due within one year or the normal operating cycle, if longer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(20))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesCurrentAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesCurrentAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>215
<FILENAME>R92.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
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							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
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</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Short-Term Loans - Schedule of Short-Term Loans (Details) - USD ($)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Mar. 31, 2025</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShortTermDebtLineItems', window );"><strong>Schedule of Short-Term Loans [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShortTermBorrowings', window );">Total</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 801,407<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 840,252<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 899,250<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTypeAxis=abvc_CathayUnitedBankMember', window );">Cathay United Bank [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShortTermDebtLineItems', window );"><strong>Schedule of Short-Term Loans [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShortTermBorrowings', window );">Total</a></td>
<td class="nump">169,407<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">200,252<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">245,250<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTypeAxis=abvc_CTBCBankMember', window );">CTBC Bank [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShortTermDebtLineItems', window );"><strong>Schedule of Short-Term Loans [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShortTermBorrowings', window );">Total</a></td>
<td class="nump">602,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">610,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">654,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTypeAxis=abvc_OtherIndividualMember', window );">Other individual [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShortTermDebtLineItems', window );"><strong>Schedule of Short-Term Loans [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShortTermBorrowings', window );">Total</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 30,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 30,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShortTermBorrowings">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Reflects the total carrying amount as of the balance sheet date of debt having initial terms less than one year or the normal operating cycle, if longer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(19)(a))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-03(13))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478546/942-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481372/852-10-55-10<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(16)(a)(1))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478777/944-210-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShortTermBorrowings</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShortTermDebtLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShortTermDebtLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTypeAxis=abvc_CathayUnitedBankMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTypeAxis=abvc_CathayUnitedBankMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTypeAxis=abvc_CTBCBankMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTypeAxis=abvc_CTBCBankMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTypeAxis=abvc_OtherIndividualMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShortTermDebtTypeAxis=abvc_OtherIndividualMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>216
<FILENAME>R93.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
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							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
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							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="2" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Related Parties Transactions - Schedule of Related Parties of the Company with whom Transactions (Details)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">3 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th">
<div>Mar. 31, 2025 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2024 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Mar. 31, 2025 </div>
<div>TWD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2024 </div>
<div>TWD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2023 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionLineItems', window );"><strong>Related Party Transaction [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherReceivableBeforeAllowanceForCreditLossNoncurrent', window );">Due from related parties- Non-current, net</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">$ 958,616<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,014,193<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherReceivableAllowanceForCreditLossNoncurrent', window );">Less: allowance for expected credit losses accounts</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="num">$ (958,616)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(1,014,193)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherReceivableAfterAllowanceForCreditLossNoncurrent', window );">Net, Due from related parties</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 3,941,299<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 3,941,299<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=abvc_BioFirstCorporationtheBioFirstMember', window );">BioFirst Corporation (the "BioFirst") [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionLineItems', window );"><strong>Related Party Transaction [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionDescriptionOfTransaction', window );">Relationship with the Company and its subsidiaries</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">Entity controlled by controlling beneficiary shareholder of YuanGene<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=abvc_BioFirstAustraliaPtyLtdtheBioFirstAustraliaMember', window );">BioFirst (Australia) Pty Ltd. (the &#8220;BioFirst (Australia)&#8221;) [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionLineItems', window );"><strong>Related Party Transaction [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionDescriptionOfTransaction', window );">Relationship with the Company and its subsidiaries</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">100% owned by BioFirst; Entity controlled by controlling beneficiary shareholder of YuanGene<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=abvc_RgeneCorporationtheRgeneMember', window );">Rgene Corporation (the &#8220;Rgene&#8221;) [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionLineItems', window );"><strong>Related Party Transaction [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionDescriptionOfTransaction', window );">Relationship with the Company and its subsidiaries</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">Shareholder of the Company; Entity controlled by controlling beneficiary shareholder of YuanGene; the Chairman of Rgene is Mr. Tsung-Shann Jiang<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=abvc_GenePharmInctheGenePharmMember', window );">GenePharm Inc. (the &#8220;GenePharm&#8221;) [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionLineItems', window );"><strong>Related Party Transaction [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionDescriptionOfTransaction', window );">Relationship with the Company and its subsidiaries</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">Dr. George Lee, Board Director of Biokey, is the Chairman of GenePharm.<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=abvc_TheJiangsMember', window );">The Jiangs [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionLineItems', window );"><strong>Related Party Transaction [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionDescriptionOfTransaction', window );">Relationship with the Company and its subsidiaries</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">Mr. Tsung-Shann Jiang, the controlling beneficiary shareholder of the Company and Rgene, the Chairman and CEO of the BioLite Holding Inc. and BioLite Inc. and the President and a member of board of directors of BioFirst  Ms. Shu-Ling Jiang, Mr. Tsung-Shann Jiang&#8217;s wife, is the Chairman of Keypoint; and a member of board of directors of BioLite Inc.  Mr. Eugene Jiang is Mr. and Ms. Jiang&#8217;s son. Mr. Eugene Jiang is the chairman, and majority shareholder of the Company and a member of board of directors of BioLite Inc.  Mr. Chang-Jen Jiang is Mr. Tsung-Shann Jiang&#8217;s sibling and the director of the Company.  Ms. Mei-Ling Jiang is Ms. Shu-Ling Jiang&#8217;s sibling.<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesCurrent', window );">Due to related parties</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="nump">$ 222,522<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">274,170<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=abvc_BioLiteJapanMember', window );">BioLite Japan [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionLineItems', window );"><strong>Related Party Transaction [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionDescriptionOfTransaction', window );">Relationship with the Company and its subsidiaries</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">Entity controlled by controlling beneficiary shareholder of ABVC<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=abvc_BioHopeKingCorporationBHKMember', window );">BioHopeKing Corporation (&#8220;BHK&#8221;) [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionLineItems', window );"><strong>Related Party Transaction [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionDescriptionOfTransaction', window );">Relationship with the Company and its subsidiaries</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">Entity controlled by controlling beneficiary shareholder of ABVC<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=abvc_AiBtlHoldingBioPharmaIncAiBtlHoldingMember', window );">AiBtl (Holding) BioPharma, Inc. (&#8220;AiBtl Holding&#8221;) [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionLineItems', window );"><strong>Related Party Transaction [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionDescriptionOfTransaction', window );">Relationship with the Company and its subsidiaries</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">Founding shareholder of AiBtl BioPharma Inc.<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=abvc_JaimesVargasRussmanMember', window );">Jaimes Vargas Russman [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionLineItems', window );"><strong>Related Party Transaction [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionDescriptionOfTransaction', window );">Relationship with the Company and its subsidiaries</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">CEO of AiBtl BioPharma Inc.<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=abvc_LionArtsPromotionIncMember', window );">Lion Arts Promotion, Inc. [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionLineItems', window );"><strong>Related Party Transaction [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionDescriptionOfTransaction', window );">Relationship with the Company and its subsidiaries</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">Entity controlled by the Jiangs.<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=abvc_RgeneMember', window );">Rgene [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionLineItems', window );"><strong>Related Party Transaction [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccountsAndOtherReceivablesNetCurrent', window );">Accounts receivable due from related parties</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 10,463<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherReceivablesNetCurrent', window );">Due from related party- Current</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[2]</sup></td>
<td class="nump">1,867<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">565,711<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=us-gaap_RelatedPartyMember', window );">Related Party [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionLineItems', window );"><strong>Related Party Transaction [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccountsAndOtherReceivablesNetCurrent', window );">Accounts receivable due from related parties</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">10,463<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherReceivablesNetCurrent', window );">Due from related party- Current</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">537,119<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,155,051<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">747,573<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherReceivableAfterAllowanceForCreditLossNoncurrent', window );">Net, Due from related parties</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">113,516<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesCurrent', window );">Due to related parties</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">819,384<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">773,045<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 173,493<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=abvc_BioFirstMember', window );">BioFirst [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionLineItems', window );"><strong>Related Party Transaction [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherReceivablesNetCurrent', window );">Due from related party- Current</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[3]</sup></td>
<td class="nump">535,252<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">589,340<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=abvc_BioFirstAustraliaMember', window );">BioFirst (Australia) [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionLineItems', window );"><strong>Related Party Transaction [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherReceivableBeforeAllowanceForCreditLossNoncurrent', window );">Due from related parties- Non-current, net</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[4]</sup></td>
<td class="nump">$ 839,983<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 839,983<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=abvc_BioHopeKingCorporationMember', window );">BioHopeKing Corporation [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionLineItems', window );"><strong>Related Party Transaction [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionDescriptionOfTransaction', window );">Relationship with the Company and its subsidiaries</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">Collaborating with the Company to develop and commercialize drugs (referring to Note 4, Collaborative Agreements)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">Collaborating with the Company to develop and commercialize drugs (referring to Note 4, Collaborative Agreements)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherReceivableBeforeAllowanceForCreditLossNoncurrent', window );">Due from related parties- Non-current, net</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[5]</sup></td>
<td class="nump">$ 118,633<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 120,210<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=abvc_AiBtlHoldingMember', window );">AiBtl Holding [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionLineItems', window );"><strong>Related Party Transaction [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesCurrent', window );">Due to related parties</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[6]</sup></td>
<td class="nump">348,219<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">348,219<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=abvc_ShareholdersMember', window );">Shareholders [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionLineItems', window );"><strong>Related Party Transaction [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesCurrent', window );">Due to related parties</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[7]</sup></td>
<td class="nump">140,266<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">142,130<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=abvc_LionArtPromotionIncMember', window );">Lion Art Promotion Inc [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionLineItems', window );"><strong>Related Party Transaction [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesCurrent', window );">Due to related parties</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[8]</sup></td>
<td class="nump">65,738<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=abvc_DirectorsMember', window );">Directors [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionLineItems', window );"><strong>Related Party Transaction [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesCurrent', window );">Due to related parties</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[9]</sup></td>
<td class="nump">$ 12,953<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 8,526<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="6"></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="6"><table class="outerFootnotes" width="100%">
<tr class="outerFootnote">
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 12pt;" valign="top">[1]</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;" valign="top"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Since 2019, the Jiangs advanced funds to the Company for working capital purpose. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the outstanding balance due to the Jiangs amounted to $222,522 and $274,170, respectively. These loans bear no interest and are due on demand.</span></td>
</tr>
<tr class="outerFootnote">
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 12pt;" valign="top">[2]</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;" valign="top"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">On June 16, 2022, the Company entered into a one-year convertible loan agreement with Rgene, with a principal amount of $1,000,000 and made $500,000 to Rgene which bears interest at 5% per annum for the use of working capital that, if fully converted, would result in ABVC owning an additional 6.4% of Rgene. The Company may convert the Note at any time into shares of Rgene&#8217;s common stock at either (i) a fixed conversion price equal to $1.00 per share or (ii) 20% discount of the stock price of the then most recent offering, whichever is lower; the conversion price is subject to adjustment as set forth in the Note. The Note includes standard events of default, as well as a cross-default provision pursuant to which a breach of the Service Agreement will trigger an event of default under the convertible note if not cured after 5 business days of written notice regarding the breach is provided. The loan was converted to Rgene&#8217;s common stock in May 2024 but the Company was not informed until April 2025. Please see detail discussion in Note 7.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the outstanding loan balance were $0 and $500,000; and accrued interest was $<span style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-355">0and</span> $63,819, respectively. Both principal and accrued interest were converted to Rgene&#8217;s common stocks.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company has other receivables amounted to $1,867 and $1,892, respectively, from Rgene due to daily operations.</span></p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="outerFootnote">
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 12pt;" valign="top">[3]</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;" valign="top">On December&#160;31, 2023, BioLite Taiwan entered into a loan agreement with BioFirst, with a principal amount of NTD 11,072,360 (approximately $337,707), which bears interest at 12% per annum for the use of working capital. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company entered into another loan agreement with BioFirst, with a principal amount of NTD 11,406,000 (approximately $347,883), which bears interest at 12% per annum for the use of working capital. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the outstanding loan balance were NTD 15,458,360 (approximately $465,297) and NTD 17,571,076 (approximately $535,918), respectively; accrued interests were$68,971 and $53,422, respectively. The Company has received NTD 2,080,000 (approximately $64,896) and $0 repayment during the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="outerFootnote">
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 12pt;" valign="top">[4]</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;" valign="top"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">On July 1, 2020, the Company entered into a loan agreement with BioFirst (Australia) for $361,487 to properly record R&amp;D cost and tax refund allocation based on co-development contract executed on July 24, 2017. The loan was originally set to be mature on September 30, 2021 with an interest rate of 6.5% per annum, but on September 7, 2021, the Company entered into a loan agreement with BioFirst (Australia) for $67,873 to meet its new project needs. On July 27, 2021, the Company repaid a loan 249,975 to BioFirst (Australia). On December 1, 2021, the Company entered into a loan agreement with BioFirst (Australia) for $250,000 to increase the cost for upcoming projects. The loan will be matured on November 30, 2022 with an interest rate of 6.5% per annum. In 2022, the Company entered into several loan agreements with BioFirst (Australia) for a total amount of $507,000 to increase the cost for upcoming projects. &#160;During the first quarter of 2023, the Company entered into several loan agreements with BioFirst (Australia) for a total amount of $88,091 to increase the cost for upcoming projects. During the second quarter of 2023, the Company entered into several loan agreements with BioFirst (Australia) for a total amount of $25,500 to increase the cost for upcoming projects. All the loans period was twelve months with an interest rate of 6.5% per annum. For accounting purpose, the due from and due to related party balances was being net off. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the outstanding loan balances and allocated research fee were both amounted to $681,185, and accrued interest balances were both amounted $158,798.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">&#160;</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;-keep: true">The business conditions of BioFirst (Australia) deteriorated and, as a result, the Company recognized expected credit losses of $839,983 for the year ended December 31, 2023. The Company stopped accruing interest income recognizing such losses.</span></p></td>
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<tr class="outerFootnote">
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 12pt;" valign="top">[5]</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;" valign="top"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On February 24, 2015, BioLite Taiwan and BioHopeKing Corporation (the &#8220;BHK&#8221;) entered into a co-development agreement, (the &#8220;BHK Co-Development Agreement&#8221;, see Note 4). The development costs shall be shared 50/50 between BHK and the Company. Under the term of the agreement, BioLite issued relevant development cost to BHK. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, due from BHK was both NTD 3,941,299 (approximately$118,633 and $120,210, respectively). The business conditions of BHK deteriorated and as a result, the Company recognized expected credit losses of NTD 3,941,299 as of December 31, 2024. No recovery was made during three months ended March 31, 2025.</span></td>
</tr>
<tr class="outerFootnote">
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 12pt;" valign="top">[6]</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;" valign="top">On April 11, 2024, May 10, 2024, August 15, 2024, and December 24, 2024, AiBtl received short-term loans from its founding shareholder, AiBtl Holding, for the principal amounts of $40,000, $60,000, $33,732, and $214,487, respectively, for the purpose of daily operations. These loans do not bear interest and are payable on demand.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="outerFootnote">
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 12pt;" valign="top">[7]</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;" valign="top"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Since 2018, the Company&#8217;s shareholders have advanced funds to the Company for working capital purpose. The advances bear interest rate around 12% per annum. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the outstanding principal and accrued interest was $140,266 and $142,130, respectively. Interest expenses in connection with these loans were $4,963 and $5,938 for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.</span></td>
</tr>
<tr class="outerFootnote">
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 12pt;" valign="top">[8]</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;" valign="top"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Accrued consulting services fee for the three months ended March 31, 2025.</span></td>
</tr>
<tr class="outerFootnote">
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 12pt;" valign="top">[9]</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;" valign="top"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, due to Directors amounted to $12,953 and $8,526, respectively, were related to the daily operating expenses since inception in 2023 paid by the Directors of AiBtl on behalf of the entity.</span></td>
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<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
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<head>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Income Taxes - Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets (Liability) (Details) - USD ($)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Mar. 31, 2025</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th>
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<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ComponentsOfDeferredTaxAssetsAndLiabilitiesAbstract', window );"><strong>Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets (Liability) [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="nump">$ 713,223<span></span>
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<td class="nump">$ 713,223<span></span>
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<td class="nump">$ 713,223<span></span>
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<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwardsForeign', window );">Net operating loss carryforwards</a></td>
<td class="nump">5,870,805<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">5,677,413<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">5,018,343<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_OperatingLeaseLiabilities', window );">Operating lease liabilities</a></td>
<td class="nump">155,559<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">178,014<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">213,482<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLeaseAssets', window );">Operating lease assets</a></td>
<td class="num">(155,559)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(178,014)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(213,482)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsGross', window );">Deferred tax assets, gross</a></td>
<td class="nump">6,584,028<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">6,390,636<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">5,731,566<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance', window );">Valuation allowance</a></td>
<td class="num">(6,584,028)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(6,390,636)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(5,731,566)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsNet', window );">Deferred tax assets, net</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_abvc_DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLeaseAssets">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, before allocation of valuation allowance, of deferred tax asset attributable to operating lease assets.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">abvc_DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLeaseAssets</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>abvc_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_abvc_OperatingLeaseLiabilities">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Operating lease liabilities amount.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">abvc_OperatingLeaseLiabilities</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>abvc_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ComponentsOfDeferredTaxAssetsAndLiabilitiesAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ComponentsOfDeferredTaxAssetsAndLiabilitiesAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsGross">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount before allocation of valuation allowances of deferred tax asset attributable to deductible temporary differences and carryforwards.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsGross</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsNet">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount after allocation of valuation allowances of deferred tax asset attributable to deductible temporary differences and carryforwards.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsNet</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwardsForeign">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount before allocation of valuation allowances of deferred tax asset attributable to deductible foreign operating loss carryforwards.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-6<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwardsForeign</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsOther">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, before allocation of valuation allowance, of deferred tax asset attributable to deductible temporary differences, classified as other.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-6<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsOther</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of deferred tax assets for which it is more likely than not that a tax benefit will not be realized.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>218
<FILENAME>R95.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Equity - Schedule of Warrants Issued and Outstanding (Details) - Warrant [Member] - USD ($)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">3 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th" colspan="2"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Mar. 31, 2025</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightLineItems', window );"><strong>Schedule of Warrants Issued and Outstanding [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsOutstandingNumber', window );">Number of Underlying Shares, Outstanding ending (in Shares)</a></td>
<td class="nump">2,029,167<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">1,000,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice', window );">Weighted- Average Exercise Price Per Share, Outstanding ending</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.7<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.4<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerms', window );">Weighted- Average Contractual Life Remaining in Years, Outstanding ending</a></td>
<td class="text">4 years 2 months 12 days<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="text">4 years 1 month 20 days<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsAggregateIntrinsicValueOutstanding', window );">Aggregate Intrinsic Value, Outstanding ending (in Dollars)</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 195,542<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">$ 60,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsIssued', window );">Number of Underlying Shares, Issued</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsIssuedWeightedAverageExercisePrice', window );">Weighted- Average Exercise Price Per Share, Issued</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsIssuedWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm', window );">Weighted- Average Contractual Life Remaining in Years, Issued</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsIssuedIntrinsicValue', window );">Aggregate Intrinsic Value, Issued</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsExercised', window );">Number of Underlying Shares, Exercised</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="num">(1,029,167)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsExercisedWeightedAverageExercisePrice', window );">Weighted- Average Exercise Price Per Share, Exercised</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.4<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsExercisedWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm', window );">Weighted- Average Contractual Life Remaining in Years, Exercised</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsExercisedIntrinsicValue', window );">Aggregate Intrinsic Value, Exercised</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="4"></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4"><table class="outerFootnotes" width="100%"><tr class="outerFootnote">
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 12pt;" valign="top">[1]</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;" valign="top"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On January 5, 2025, the Company and Lind entered into a third letter agreement (the &#8220;December Letter Agreement&#8221;), pursuant to which Lind agreed to exercise for cash, 1,029,167 of the Existing Warrants to purchase shares of Common Stock, with a current exercise price of $0.75 per share, at a reduced exercise price of $0.40 per share. The weighted average exercise price per share as of December 31, 2024 was adjusted to the reduction accordingly.</span></td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Weighted average remaining contractual term for equity-based awards excluding options, in 'PnYnMnDTnHnMnS' format, for example, 'P1Y5M13D' represents the reported fact of one year, five months, and thirteen days.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of non-option equity instruments exercised by participants.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of equity instruments other than options outstanding, including both vested and non-vested instruments.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Intrinsic value of outstanding award under share-based payment arrangement. Excludes share and unit options.</p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Stock Options - Schedule of Options Issued and Outstanding (Details) - USD ($)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">3 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 01, 2025</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 01, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Mar. 31, 2025</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharebasedCompensationAbstract', window );"><strong>Schedule of Options Issued and Outstanding [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross', window );">Number of Underlying Shares, Granted</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice', window );">Weighted-Average Exercise Price Per Share, Granted</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantedIntrinsicValue', window );">Aggregate Intrinsic Value, Granted</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresInPeriod', window );">Number of Underlying Shares, Forfeited</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice', window );">Weighted-Average Exercise Price Per Share, Forfeited</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeitedIntrinsicValue', window );">Aggregate Intrinsic Value, Forfeited</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber', window );">Number of Underlying Shares, Outstanding ending</a></td>
<td class="nump">258,710<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">258,710<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">258,710<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">258,710<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice', window );">Weighted-Average Exercise Price Per Share, Outstanding Ending</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 27.9<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 27.9<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 27.9<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 27.9<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2', window );">Weighted-Average Contractual Life Remaining in Years, Outstanding Ending</a></td>
<td class="text">6 years 8 months 26 days<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">7 years 8 months 26 days<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">6 years 6 months<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">7 years 8 months 26 days<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingIntrinsicValue', window );">Aggregate Intrinsic Value, Outstanding Ending</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableNumber', window );">Number of Underlying Shares, Exercisable</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">258,710<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">258,710<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageExercisePrice', window );">Weighted-Average Exercise Price Per Share, Exercisable</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 27.9<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 27.9<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm1', window );">Weighted-Average Contractual Life Remaining in Years, Exercisable</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">6 years 6 months<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">7 years 8 months 26 days<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableIntrinsicValue1', window );">Aggregate Intrinsic Value, Exercisable</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedAndExpectedToVestOutstandingNumber', window );">Number of Underlying Shares, Vested and expected to vest</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">258,710<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">258,710<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedAndExpectedToVestOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice', window );">Weighted-Average Exercise Price Per Share, Vested and expected to vest</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 27.9<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 27.9<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedAndExpectedToVestOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm1', window );">Weighted-Average Contractual Life Remaining in Years, Vested and expected to vest</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">6 years 6 months<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">6 years 8 months 26 days<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedAndExpectedToVestExercisableAggregateIntrinsicValue', window );">Aggregate Intrinsic Value, Vested and expected to vest</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_abvc_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeitedIntrinsicValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Aggregate Intrinsic Value, Forfeited.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">abvc_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeitedIntrinsicValue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>abvc_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_abvc_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantedIntrinsicValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Aggregate Intrinsic Value, Granted.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">abvc_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantedIntrinsicValue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>abvc_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The number of shares into which fully or partially vested stock options outstanding as of the balance sheet date can be currently converted under the option plan.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)(iii)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageExercisePrice">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The weighted-average price as of the balance sheet date at which grantees can acquire the shares reserved for issuance on vested portions of options outstanding and currently exercisable under the stock option plan.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)(iii)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageExercisePrice</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresInPeriod">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The number of shares under options that were cancelled during the reporting period as a result of occurrence of a terminating event specified in contractual agreements pertaining to the stock option plan.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)(iv)(03)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresInPeriod</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Gross number of share options (or share units) granted during the period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)(iv)(01)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingIntrinsicValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount by which the current fair value of the underlying stock exceeds the exercise price of options outstanding.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingIntrinsicValue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of options outstanding, including both vested and non-vested options.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)(i)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)(ii)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Weighted average price at which grantees can acquire the shares reserved for issuance under the stock option plan.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)(i)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)(ii)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedAndExpectedToVestExercisableAggregateIntrinsicValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount by which current fair value of underlying stock exceeds exercise price of fully vested and expected to vest exercisable or convertible options. Includes, but is not limited to, unvested options for which requisite service period has not been rendered but that are expected to vest based on achievement of performance condition, if forfeitures are recognized when they occur.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (e)(2)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedAndExpectedToVestExercisableAggregateIntrinsicValue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedAndExpectedToVestOutstandingNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of fully vested and expected to vest options outstanding that can be converted into shares under option plan. Includes, but is not limited to, unvested options for which requisite service period has not been rendered but that are expected to vest based on achievement of performance condition, if forfeitures are recognized when they occur.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (e)(1)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedAndExpectedToVestOutstandingNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedAndExpectedToVestOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Weighted-average exercise price, at which grantee can acquire shares reserved for issuance, for fully vested and expected to vest options outstanding. Includes, but is not limited to, unvested options for which requisite service period has not been rendered but that are expected to vest based on achievement of performance condition, if forfeitures are recognized when they occur.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (e)(1)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedAndExpectedToVestOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Weighted average price at which grantees could have acquired the underlying shares with respect to stock options that were terminated.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)(iv)(03)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Weighted average per share amount at which grantees can acquire shares of common stock by exercise of options.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)(iv)(01)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableIntrinsicValue1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of difference between fair value of the underlying shares reserved for issuance and exercise price of vested portions of options outstanding and currently exercisable.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableIntrinsicValue1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Weighted average remaining contractual term for vested portions of options outstanding and currently exercisable or convertible, in 'PnYnMnDTnHnMnS' format, for example, 'P1Y5M13D' represents the reported fact of one year, five months, and thirteen days.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:durationItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Weighted average remaining contractual term for option awards outstanding, in 'PnYnMnDTnHnMnS' format, for example, 'P1Y5M13D' represents the reported fact of one year, five months, and thirteen days.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Subparagraph (e)(1)<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Section 50<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:durationItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedAndExpectedToVestOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Weighted average remaining contractual term for fully vested and expected to vest options outstanding, in 'PnYnMnDTnHnMnS' format, for example, 'P1Y5M13D' represents reported fact of one year, five months, and thirteen days. Includes, but is not limited to, unvested options for which requisite service period has not been rendered but that are expected to vest based on achievement of performance condition, if forfeitures are recognized when they occur.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (e)(1)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedAndExpectedToVestOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:durationItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharebasedCompensationAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharebasedCompensationAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
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<tr>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Loss Per Share - Schedule of Loss Per Share (Details) - USD ($)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">3 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="4">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Mar. 31, 2025</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Mar. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAvailableToCommonStockholdersBasicAbstract', window );"><strong>Numerator:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss', window );">Net loss attributable to ABVC&#8217;s common stockholders</a></td>
<td class="num">$ (842,075)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (2,834,199)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (4,902,878)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="num">$ (7,788,050)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingAbstract', window );"><strong>Denominator:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic', window );">Weighted-average shares outstanding &#8211; Basic</a></td>
<td class="nump">14,968,232<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">9,736,150<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">11,673,980<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="nump">4,335,650<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
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<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding', window );">Weighted-average shares outstanding &#8211; Diluted</a></td>
<td class="nump">14,968,232<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">9,736,150<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">11,673,980<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="nump">4,335,650<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareAbstract', window );"><strong>Loss per share</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasic', window );">Basic</a></td>
<td class="num">$ (0.06)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (0.29)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (0.42)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="num">$ (1.8)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareDiluted', window );">Diluted</a></td>
<td class="num">$ (0.06)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (0.29)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (0.42)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="num">$ (1.8)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="7"></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="7"><table class="outerFootnotes" width="100%"><tr class="outerFootnote">
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 12pt;" valign="top">[1]</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;" valign="top"><span style="-sec-ix-redline:true;font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Prior period results have been adjusted to reflect the 1-for-10 reverse stock split effected on July 25, 2023.</span></td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EarningsPerShareAbstract</td>
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<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The amount of net income (loss) for the period per each share of common stock or unit outstanding during the reporting period.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasic</td>
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<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The amount of net income (loss) for the period available to each share of common stock or common unit outstanding during the reporting period and to each share or unit that would have been outstanding assuming the issuance of common shares or units for all dilutive potential common shares or units outstanding during the reporting period.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EarningsPerShareDiluted</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The portion of profit or loss for the period, net of income taxes, which is attributable to the parent.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAvailableToCommonStockholdersBasicAbstract</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The average number of shares or units issued and outstanding that are used in calculating diluted EPS or earnings per unit (EPU), determined based on the timing of issuance of shares or units in the period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482662/260-10-50-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 16<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482689/260-10-45-16<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding</td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of [basic] shares or units, after adjustment for contingently issuable shares or units and other shares or units not deemed outstanding, determined by relating the portion of time within a reporting period that common shares or units have been outstanding to the total time in that period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482662/260-10-50-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482689/260-10-45-10<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Lease - Schedule of Lease (Details) - USD ($)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">3 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Mar. 31, 2025</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Mar. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_abvc_AssetsAbstract0', window );"><strong>ASSETS</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset', window );">Operating lease right-of-use assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 533,460<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 640,387<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 809,283<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesAbstract', window );"><strong>LIABILITIES</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent', window );">Operating lease liabilities (current)</a></td>
<td class="nump">366,475<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">403,581<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">401,826<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent', window );">Operating lease liabilities (non-current)</a></td>
<td class="nump">166,985<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">236,807<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">407,457<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseExpense', window );">Operating lease expenses</a></td>
<td class="nump">117,166<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 98,502<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 514,420<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 358,576<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeasePayments', window );">Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of operating lease liabilities</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 117,166<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 98,502<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageRemainingLeaseTerm1', window );">Operating leases Weighted Average Remaining Lease Term</a></td>
<td class="text">2 years 5 months 4 days<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">2 years 5 months 23 days<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">1 year 8 months 23 days<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageDiscountRatePercent', window );">Operating leases Weighted Average Discount Rate</a></td>
<td class="nump">1.32%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1.19%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1.50%<span></span>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of operating lease expense. Excludes sublease income.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479041/842-20-45-4<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<td>duration</td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Present value of lessee's discounted obligation for lease payments from operating lease, classified as current.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479041/842-20-45-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Present value of lessee's discounted obligation for lease payments from operating lease, classified as noncurrent.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479041/842-20-45-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash outflow from operating lease, excluding payments to bring another asset to condition and location necessary for its intended use.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 5<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479041/842-20-45-5<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Subparagraph (g)(1)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478964/842-20-50-4<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of lessee's right to use underlying asset under operating lease.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479041/842-20-45-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageDiscountRatePercent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Weighted average discount rate for operating lease calculated at point in time.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 53<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479589/842-20-55-53<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Subparagraph (g)(4)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478964/842-20-50-4<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageDiscountRatePercent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageRemainingLeaseTerm1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Weighted average remaining lease term for operating lease, in 'PnYnMnDTnHnMnS' format, for example, 'P1Y5M13D' represents reported fact of one year, five months, and thirteen days.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 53<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479589/842-20-55-53<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Subparagraph (g)(3)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478964/842-20-50-4<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageRemainingLeaseTerm1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:durationItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Lease - Schedule of Minimum Future Annual Payments Under Non-Cancellable Leases (Details) - USD ($)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Mar. 31, 2025</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilitiesPaymentsDueAbstract', window );"><strong>Schedule of Minimum Future Annual Payments Under Non-Cancellable Leases [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsRemainderOfFiscalYear', window );">2025 (Excluding current period)</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 302,071<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueNextTwelveMonths', window );">2026</a></td>
<td class="nump">104,849<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 409,587<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearTwo', window );">2027</a></td>
<td class="nump">46,699<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">104,236<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearThree', window );">2028</a></td>
<td class="nump">46,699<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">47,320<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearFour', window );">2029</a></td>
<td class="nump">46,699<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">47,320<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueAfterYearFive', window );">Thereafter</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue', window );">Total future minimum lease payments, undiscounted</a></td>
<td class="nump">547,017<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">655,782<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityUndiscountedExcessAmount', window );">Less: Imputed interest</a></td>
<td class="num">(13,557)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(15,395)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiability', window );">Present value of future minimum lease payments</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 533,460<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 640,387<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of lessee's undiscounted obligation for lease payment for operating lease.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 235<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477314/942-235-S99-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480738/235-10-S50-4<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.12-04(a))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-3<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478964/842-20-50-6<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueAfterYearFive">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of lessee's undiscounted obligation for lease payment for operating lease due after fifth fiscal year following current fiscal year. Excludes interim and annual periods when interim periods are reported from current statement of financial position date (rolling approach).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 235<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477314/942-235-S99-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480738/235-10-S50-4<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.12-04(a))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-3<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478964/842-20-50-6<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueAfterYearFive</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueNextTwelveMonths">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of lessee's undiscounted obligation for lease payment for operating lease to be paid in next fiscal year following current fiscal year. Excludes interim and annual periods when interim periods are reported from current statement of financial position date (rolling approach).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 235<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477314/942-235-S99-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480738/235-10-S50-4<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.12-04(a))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-3<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478964/842-20-50-6<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueNextTwelveMonths</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearFour">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of lessee's undiscounted obligation for lease payment for operating lease to be paid in fourth fiscal year following current fiscal year. Excludes interim and annual periods when interim periods are reported from current statement of financial position date (rolling approach).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 235<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477314/942-235-S99-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480738/235-10-S50-4<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.12-04(a))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-3<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478964/842-20-50-6<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearFour</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearThree">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of lessee's undiscounted obligation for lease payment for operating lease to be paid in third fiscal year following current fiscal year. Excludes interim and annual periods when interim periods are reported from current statement of financial position date (rolling approach).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 235<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477314/942-235-S99-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480738/235-10-S50-4<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.12-04(a))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-3<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478964/842-20-50-6<br></p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of lessee's undiscounted obligation for lease payment for operating lease to be paid in second fiscal year following current fiscal year. Excludes interim and annual periods when interim periods are reported from current statement of financial position date (rolling approach).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 235<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477314/942-235-S99-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480738/235-10-S50-4<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.12-04(a))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-3<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478964/842-20-50-6<br></p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of lessee's undiscounted obligation for lease payment for operating lease having initial or remaining lease term in excess of one year to be paid in remainder of current fiscal year.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478964/842-20-50-6<br></p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of lessee's undiscounted obligation for lease payments in excess of discounted obligation for lease payments for operating lease.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478964/842-20-50-6<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Present value of lessee's discounted obligation for lease payments from operating lease.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479041/842-20-45-1<br></p></div>
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